Manual of the General Assembly of the state of Georgia, 1902-1903

THE LIBRARY OF
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
fe
3c v A v h
MANUAL
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
19021903
PREPARED UNDER JOINT RESOLUTIONS OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ATLANTA GA
Geo W Haeeison State Printer
Franklin Printing and Publishing Oomnaiv4
1902
THE GENERAL LIBRAR
THE UNIVERSITY OF GE
STATE LIBRARY GIFT 19
THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS GEORGIA
MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF
THE SENATE OF GEORGIA
1902 and 1903
President
CLARK HOWELL 3oth District Atlanta President Pro Tempore
P J SULLIVAN 18th District Augusta Secretary
CHAS S NORTHEN Atlanta Assistant Secretary
CHAS P HANSELL Thomasville Chief Clerk
GUERRY BRANNON
Messenger
FLYNN HARGETT Jr Hardeman Doorkeeper
R E WILSON Spring Place
56288
6
First DistrictChatham Bryan and Effingham
J G MOOREGroveland
Second DistrictLiberty McIntosh and Tattnall
J L McLEAN Birdford
Third DistrictP H COMAS Wayne Pierce and Appling Baxley
Fourth DistrictW F SYMONS Glynn Camden and Charlton Brunswick
Fifth DistrictWare Clinch and Coffee
F L SWEATDouglas
Sixth DistrictEchols Lowndes and Berrien
L H ROBERTS Statenville
Seventh DistrictH W HOPKINS Brooks Thomas and Colquitt Thomasville
Eighth DistrictJNO D HARRELL Decatur Mitchell and Miller Bainbridge
Ninth DistrictEarly Calhoun and Baker
T E HIGHTOWER Damascus
Tenth DistrictDa A B DUNCAN Dougherty Lee and Worth Douglasville
Eleventh DistrictClay Randolph and Terrell
ROBT CHRISTIEDawson

Twelfth DistrictStewart Webster and Quitman
S A CRUMBLEYGeorgetown
Thirteenth DistrictSumter Schley and Macon
T G HUDSON1 LaCrosse
Fourteenth DistrictDooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge HAMILTON CLARKChancey
7
Fifteenth DistrictMontgomery Telfair and Irwin GABRIEL M CLEMENTS Towns
Sixteenth DistricLurpns Emanuel and Johnson
G S ROUNTREEI kt U Swainsboro

Seventeenth DistrictScreven Bulloch and Burke
W H DAVISWaynesboro
Eighteenth DistrictRichmond Glascock and Jefferson
P J SULLIVAN Augusta
Nineteenth DistrictTaliaferro Greene and Warren
W R REID Crawfordville
Twentieth DistrictBaldwin Hancock and Washington
R L MERRITT Sparta
Twentyfirst DistrictTwiggs Wilkinson and Jones
J R VAN BUREN Griswoldville
Twentysecond DistrictBibb Monroe and Pike
W A WORSHAM Strouds
Twentythird DistrictHouston Crawford and Taylor
H A MATHEWS Ft Valley
Twentyfourth DistrictMuscogee Marion and Chattahoochee E H McMICHAEL Buena Vista
Twentyfifth DistrictHarris Upson and Talbot
B L TISINGERThomaston
Twentysixth DistrictSpalding Butts and Fayette
ALEX ATKINSONJackson
Twentyseventh DistrictNewton Walton Clarke Oconee and Rockdale
L L MIDDLEBROOKSCovington
Twentyeighth DistrictJasper Putnam and Morgan
C H JORDANMonticello

Twentyninth DistrictWilkes Columbia McDuffie and Lincoln CLAIBORNE SNEAD Parnell
Thirtieth DistrictOglethorpe Madison and Elbert C A STEVENSSandy Cross
Thirtyfirst DistrictHart Habersham and Franklin
J H SKELTON Hartwell
Thirtysecond DistrictWhite Dawson and Lumpkin
R B McCLURE Dawsonville
Thirtythird DistrictHall Banks and Jackson
H H PERRY Gainesville
Thirtyfourth DistrictGwinnett DeKalb and Henry PAUL TURNER McDonough
Thirtyfifth DistrictCobb Fulton and Clayton
MR PRESIDENT Atlanta
Thirtysixth DistrictCampbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas
J T DUNCAN Douglasville
Thirtyseventh DistrictCarroll Heard and Troup
W G PARK LaGrange
Thirtyeighth DistrictHaralson Polk and Paulding
W F GOLDENBraketown
Thirtyninth DistrictMilton Cherokee and Forsyth THOS L LEWIS Alpharetta
Fortieth DistrictUnion Towns and Rabun
M L LEDFORD Blairsville
Fortyfirst DistrictPickens Fannin and Gilmer
J R ALLENTalking Rock
Fortysecond DistrictBartow Floyd and Chattooga
JNO D TAYLORSummerville
Fortythird DistrictMurray Gordon and Whitfield
W P DODD Calhoun
Fortyfourth DistrictWalker Dade and Catoosa GORDON LEE Chickamauga
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE SENATE
AGRICULTURE
Jordan Chairman Hudson Vice
Worsham Roberts
Van Buren Clements
Stevens Clark
Moore Davis
McLean Christie
Crumbley Atkinson
Perry Allen AUDITING Stevens Chairman
Turner Crumble APPROPRIATIONS Hopkins Chairman Turner Vice
Jordan Tisinger
Atkinspn Mathews
Comas Park
McLean Sullivan
Lee Duncan 36th
Christie Van Buren
Davis Skelton
Hightower Snead
Harrell Crumbley
ACADEMY OF THE BLIND
Park Crumbley McClure Clark Moore Worsham Chairman Symons Van Buren Jordan Duncan 36th BANKS Christie Chairman
Comas Taylor Harrell Skelton
Duncan36th Turner
Symons Hudson Van Buren Hightower CORPORATIONS Middlebrooks Chairman Lewis Harrell Jordan Christie
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
Hopkins Davis Middlebrooks Merritt Perry Chairman Hudson Skelton Taylor Mathews

l
13
DEAF AND DUMB ASYLUM
Taylor Chairman
Reid
Golden
Stevens
Hightower
Lee
Golden
Ledford
Skelton
Davis
Comas
Allen
Harrell
Duncan 36th
ENGROSSING Duncan 10th Chairman
McMichael
Worsham
ENROLLMENT
Symons Chairman
Allen Comas
Park Dodd
Sweat
EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Ledford Chairman McMichael Vice
Park
Stevens
Dodd
Atkinson
Duncan 10th
Mathews
Skelton
Tisinger
Reid
Worsham
Taylor
Comas
Hudson
Merritt
Symons
Van Buren
FINANCE
Davis Chairman
Turner Vice
Stevens
Symons
Hudson
Worsham
Ledford
Duncan 36th
Christie
Harrell
Lewis
HYGIENE AND SANITATION Comas Chairman
Duncan 10th Comas
Golden Crumbley
McLean
Rountree Hightower Duncan 10th Moore
Perry
McClure
Allen
Middlebrooks
IMMIGRATION AND LABOR
Clark
Golden
Hightower
Lewis
Mathews
Snead
Symons
Dodd Chairman
Taylor
Perry
Sullivan
Park
Worsham
McMichael
15
Ledford JOURNAL Clements Chairman Sweat
Atkinson McLean
Davis JUDICIARYGENERAL Sullivan Chairman Perry Vice Park
Hopkins Ledford
Middlebrooks Merritt
Hudson Mathews
Snead Lewis
Taylor Skelton
Dodd Ti singer
Rountree JUDICIARYSPECIAL Tisinger Chairman Reid
Lewis McMichael
Sweat Ledford
Merritt Park
Skelton Turner
Hudson Snead
Dodd
MANUFACTURES Skelton Chairman
Crumbley Middlebrooks
McMichael Duncan 36th
Moore Jordan
Worsham
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Symons
McMichael
Worsham
Ledford
Taylor
Atkinson
Hudson
McLean
Roberts
Comas
Van Buren
Merritt
Clements
Clark
Turner
PUBLIC
Roberts
Clark
Allen
MILITARY
Merritt Chairman
Moore
Sullivan
Turner
MINES AND MINING
McClure Chairman
Golden
Allen
PENITENTIARY
Lee Chairman
Snead Vice
McMichael
Moore
Sweat
Mathews
McClure
Middlebrooks
Allen
Duncan 10th Reid
ROADS AND INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
Turner Chairman
Christie
Rountree
PENSIONS
McLean Lewis Christie Dodd Hudson Chairman Lee McClure Clark
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Allen Crumbley Chairman Roberts PUBLIC LIBRARY Reid Chairman
McClure Sweat PETITIONS
Comas McLean Chairman Golden PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR Atkinson Chairman
Stevens Clark PUBLIC PRINTING
Atkinson Lewis Chairman Ledford

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PUBLIC PROPERTY ETC Sweat Chairman
Duncan 10th Rountree
Moore RULES
Me Peesident Chairman
Davis Harrell
Hopkins Hudson
Mathews Sullivan
Van Buren RAILROADS
Mathews Chairman
McMiehael Harrell
Taylor Hightower
Stevens Hopkins
Atkinson Sullivan
Dodd Middlebrooks
Moore Skelton
Sweat Clark
Lee Perry
Davis
STATE SANATORIUM
Van Bueen Chairman Duncan 10th Vice
Snead Mathews
Symons Merritt
Sweat Park
Duncan 36th McLean
Reid Comas
Roberts Worsham
Clements Harrell
Crumbley Golden J ordan
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STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Snead Chairman
Golden
Dodd
Reid
TEMPERANCE
Sullivan
Ledford
Allen
Duncan of 36th Chairman
Comas Park
Sweat Lee
Duncan 10th Golden
Sullivan Atkinson
Van Buren Clement
Tisinger Davis
Rountree Snead
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
McMichael Chairman
Atkinson Merritt
Lee Stevens
Mathews Middlebrooks
Park Turner
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD
Hightower
Skelton
Turner
Park Chairman
Taylor
Symons
McClure
Rules of the Senate
THE PRESIDENT
Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend Discretk irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may dent deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the Senate the Presi when
J President
dent shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless shanvote the Senate shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote
Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the senator same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to be5decided
by the
proceed President
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Presi President
11 to appoint
dent unless otherwise ordered by the Senate committee
Rule 5 The method of stating the question or any moMethod of
1 J stating a
tion by the President shall be as follows All in favor ofsugtto the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No dent
And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result
Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting President
ii 07 may name
name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair dur Senators
to preside
ing any part of that sitting but no longer
24
Duty of Secretary when President is absent
When no debate on appeals
Appeals to be made at once
Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate
Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
Power of Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect dinate offl of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the Senate within tweptyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises
when Rule 11 The President shall have power to cause the may order galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Mesand lobbies sensrer and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly
cleared
conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate
Nouorum Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject duty of under consideration by the Senate the President may order the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quo
rum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and if any Senator present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be when deemed a contempt of the Senate
President
vote taken Rule 13 The President may at any time order the roll RmTnays called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays
25
where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted
Rule 14 All questions as to priority of business to acted on shall be decided by the President without debate pSty
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate senators01 or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from his1 debateseat and respectfully address himself to Mr President
He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if Appeals appealed to decide and if the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled Expulsion from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by ayes and nays
Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words Exception spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writspoken ing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from silence private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat
desnat Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other toraena when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent
votewhen Ru 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the in result resu which he is personally interested and in every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken
Protests Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds ot such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the Senate nor any member thereof
natws6 Rule 21 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a
and at atl Senator while he is speaking nor shall any Senator at the
journment jme 0f adjournment leave his seat until the President re
iMatters tires
transpiring
Commft6 Rule 22 No Senator shall in debate refer to any priprivate vate conversation had with another Senator or to any mattfonVnoto ers which have transpired in any committee or in the
jbe referred genate
Applause Rule 23 Applause or hisses in the Senate chamber or in
and hisses 7
forbidden the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed durngate Ue 24 During the calling or reading of ayes and nays maysnd on aiiy question no debate shall be had
Only one Rule 25 No Senator can make more than one motion at be made at n time and while the motion is being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President
itionlana enaor having asked and obtained leave
of the Senate to explain his vote on any question before the Senate shall be allowed more than ten minutes for such explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the Senate
27
Rule 27 When the reading of any paper is called for Reading of
pAp6rSi
and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 28 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting Motion to
excuse
must be made before the Senate divides or before the call when
made
of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided Excuseg without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Rule 29 Any one Senator may call for a division of thecaiifor question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Rule 30 The Senator calling for a division must state Division
how made
into how many and definitely what parts he would have
the question divided Each part of the divided proposition
must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can
stand by itself and be consistent and entire
RILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Rule 31 All bills and resolutions shall be called in theB11gand order in which they stand on the calendar and before read cauin ing any bill or resolution the second or third time therder Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced
Rule 32 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at Question
I ini on first
the first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill reading be committed or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the secretary and the bill shall not be amended thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favEffect of
orable to the passage of the bill the same shall be read 9 report of i i ii i committee
second time and passed to a third reading without question
u Adverse
Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage committee
28
of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the re
port of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall billswhen be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill
withdrawn
j may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the
Senate
rransmis Rule 33 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to Honse by the House on the day of the passage thereof unless a majmajonty jory 0f he Senators present shall so order puis when Rule 34 No bill shall be printed until after the same printed kas been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto
Bills and Rule 35 All bills and resolutions shall be written or obeinnsprinted and shall have the name of the Senator introducjwntmg jng ije samej as Well as the district he represents indorsed how in on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption f of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same
Reports of Rule 36 Where a bill ora resolution has been referred leesorder ard reported by more than one committee or has been jof action rep0rtej 0Q and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate
j PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
i
Lrof Rule 37 Wheo any subject is before the Senate for Precedence consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following to wit
1st A motion to adjourn
2d A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amend
Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named
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MOTION TO ADJOURN
Rule 38 A motion to adjourn is in no instance de able when batable nor shall said motion be made a second time until renewed further progress has been made in the business before the t Senate
Rule 39 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or debatable for a particular time is debatable
Rule 40 The motion to adjourn can be made at any when time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
Rule 41 A motion to adjourn may be made after the border6 motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Rule 42 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form Effect of prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day ormenttime in course
Rule 43 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed Hourof ad
journmenl
by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote ot the Whaus Senate is being taken by the yeas and nays the session pones shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a
motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
30
Lend MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
bent or
pan no t be Rule 44 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute
feud on ta on the table gjjaj jn order
jprsmaytie Rule 45 A majority of a quorum voting may take ken from from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table
Pewedre Rule 46 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
otdebat Rulg 47 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor Rmendabie the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable
e tabled Rule 48 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table y excepting what can be taken up again
fefoin ule 49r A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been susI tainedbut when the Senate has voted that the main
question shall be now put no motion to lay on table is in U order
i
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
feoui Rule 50 Tlae motion for the previous question shall be ration decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives
31
Rule 51 When the previous question has been ordered the Senate shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of thebill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule
Rule 52 After the main question is ordered any Senator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions on which the yeas and nays are called the assent of oneflfth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the Journal
Rule 53 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it
Twenty minutes debate allowed
Vote how taken
Yeas and nays Onefifth necessary
Effect of ma in question being ordered
was moved
Rule 54 After the main question has been ordered no motion to reconsider shall be in order until after the vote on the main question is taken and announced
Rule 55 In all cases of contested election where there contested
election
is a majority and a minority report from the committee on privileges and elections if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
32
How called Rule 56 The previous question may be called and or
a nd or r J
dered dered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection can of the Rule 57 A call of the Senate shall not be in order wiienin after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear
order r
upon an actual count by thePresident that a quorum is not present
Questions Rule 58 All incidental questions of order arising after
of order
a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Effect Rule 59 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Notamend Rule 60 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended when Rule 61 While the motion to indefinitely postpone
cannot he 1 1
applied takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Notre Rule 62 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be newed J A A
renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Debate Buie 63 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it howahnd not iu 0fder to debate the merits of the question prolowed posed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another
33
MOTION TO COMMIT
Precedence of
When debatable
How
amended
Motion to recommit
Rule 64 Motions to commit may be made to refer a11041010
J commit
bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee
Rule 65 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on
Rule 66 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
Rule 67 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion
Rule 68 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Rule 69 There are three ways in which a proposition Amend
L mentshow
may be amended to wit made
1st By inserting or adding words
2d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
Rule 70 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate bui first for consideration and amendments are pending theretothentL
o substitute
and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
I
When too late to amend
Must he in writing
Priority
Blanks
Caption
when
amended
Amending by sections
Amendments by striking out and inserting
Priority of amendment to perfect
34
Rule 71 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has beem agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered
Rule 72 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Rule 73 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Rule 74 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend
Rule 75 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected J
Rule 76 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it
Rule 77 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended
Rule 78 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
I
35
Rule 79 When any bill or resolution which originated sdina in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before meats the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amend ment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment
cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted see rule 13 down
Rule 80 A motion to amend an amendment made byPriority the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Rule 81 The questions which arise before the Senate qtioTis1 respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill
meats
resolution are
1st A motion to agree to the House amendment
2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment
3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the above order
RECONSIDERATION
36
order Rule 85 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action
meats Rule 86 The action of the Senate upon an amendment considered uiay be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Calender ule 87 reconsidered shall take their place
at the foot of calendar of bills then in order for a third reading
ABSENTEES
Morning
Sed u e 88 The rolliall at the opening of each session
majority Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a ma
vote jority vote of the Senators present
absentees Rule 89 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE compeiat Rule 90 The Power to compel theattendance of Sena
tendance torSj or3er to keep gecure R 0Pum shall ke yegteJ
in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate
KSsf The Messenger of the Senate shall be ex ojjieio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid 4
37
CALL OF THE SENATE
Rule 91 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall discan how
ordered
close the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present orpbeeat when the President shall officially state the fact to theins Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 92 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall Messages be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 93 Messages may be received at any time while Messages the door is open except while a question is being put or acveInd ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken A message shallC0Dsldere be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate
Rule 94 After a motion is stated by the President or Motions read by the Secretary it shallbe deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate
38
Petitions
memorials
etc
No debate
Motions not privileged
Record
Not necessary to second motion
Committees how and when enlarged
Privileges of the floor
Duty of Committee on Journals
Adjourn
ment
Rule 95 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or femonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 96 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate
Rule 97 Any motion not privileged containing new matter shall lie at least one day on the table
Rule 98 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Rule 99 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate
Rule 100 After the announcement of the standing committees no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Rule 101 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators and officers thereof the officers and members of the House the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the committee on the privileges of the floor
Rule 102 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary
Rule 103 The hour to which the Senate shall stand adjourned every day shall be 10 oclock A m of the succeed
39
ing day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
Rule 104 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays asand shall be decided without debate debatable
Rule 105 All writs warrants subpoenas issued by order
of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attestedetao by the Secretary
Rule 106 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to atutyf
J o Messenger
tend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President
Rule 107 The Messenger under the direction of the Messengers
07 dutyindis
Secretary shall superintend the distribution by the Pages Vibuting of all documents and papers to be distributed to the mem etc bers he shall distribute to the members the usual and
necessary stationery required by them
Rule 108 No committee shall deface or interline a bill interiinea
tion for
resolution or other paper referred to said committee but bidden shall report any amendments recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 109 No pairing of members shall be recognized Pairing or allowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 110 Whenever any Senator moves that a ComCommittee
J of Confer
mittee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the twoenceI Houses naming the number of members be appointed if
said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President
40
ments Rule 111 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Rule 112 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order an minor Rule 113 All reports of a committee shall be in writing1
ity reports i i
and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
SSon Rule 114 Every motion to alter the rules of the Sentabie ate or for information from the Executive or departments shall lie on the table one day
votesgins Rule 115 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
ofUperiviege Rllle 116 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn Elections Rule 117 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice
Ungmoney 118 No bil1 or resolution appropriating money shall nayifcaiied become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays ed are called and recorded All bills lor raising revenue or naute inrigiaPProPriatinS money must originate in the House of Represenetaep resentatives but the Senate may propose or concur in tlveSl amendments as in other bills
41
Rule 119 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote ofAmed1
1 ment to
twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an constuu act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amendjurnals ment to Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon
Rule 120 The first and second reading of local bills caption or
title only
shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said ufCaiad bill is ordered engrossed
Rule 121 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall secretary before entering on their duties as such take an oath before their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate
Rule 122 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before Oath of en
i rolling and
entering upon the discharge ot their respective dutiese shall take an oath before the President of Senate to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of Senate until such clerk has been examined byMustbeex the Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent and well qualified for the discharge of the duties required ofnberehim and shall be removed at any time upon recommendayftnas tion of the Enrolling Committee competent
Rule 123 When there is a meeting of both branches of secretary
must enter
the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall011 journals
J 7 J proceed
enter on the journal of the Senate the proceedings of theiint same
42
COMMITTEES
Eule 124 The President shall appoint the following standing committees
Committee on Agriculture
Committee on Auditing
Committee on Banks
Committee on Blind Asylum
Committee on Congressional and Legislative Beapportionment
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Deaf and Dumb Asylum
Committee on Education
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Finance
Committee on Hall and Committee Booms
Committee on Immigration and Labor
Committee on Internal Improvements
Committee on Journals
General Committee on Judiciary for consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Judiciary for the consideration of special or local bills
Committee on Lunatic Asylum
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on Petitions
Committee on Privileges and Elections
Committee on Privileges of the Floor
Committee on Public Library
Committee on Public Printing
Committee on Public Property
Committee on Public Boads
Committee on Public Schools
Committee on Bailroads
Committee on Buies of which the President shall be ex officio Chairman
Committee on State of the Bepublic
Committee on Temperance
Committee on W A B R
43
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 125 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of Committee on Journals
4 Reading the Journal
5 Confirmation of the Journal
6 Motions to reconsider
7 Unfinished business
8 Special orders
9 Presentation of Petitions
10 Reports of standing committees
11 Reports of select committees
12 Messages from the Governor
13 Messages from the House of Representatives
14 Introduction of bills the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays of each week
15 Rpfldinq Hnnse bills first time for reference
16 Reading bills favorably reported by the Committee third time on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week
17 Consideration of bills adversely reported from committee on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week
18 Reading of bills second time favorably reported from committee on Mondays and Saturdays of each week
19 Motions and Resolutions
20 General orders but messages from the Governor and House of Representatives and reports from all Committees may be received under any order of business
Rule 126 When any question ariseswhich is not pro Questions
A A not pro
vided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be convdedlor
trolled by the rules usually governing parliamentary
bodies
Rule 127 Any one of the foregoing Rules may be suspended by a twothirds vote of the Senators a quorum being present and voting thereon
45
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION
1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise
2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary
3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret
4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books
5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Govertfor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file
6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and sent
46
to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which requires the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate
7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world and that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same
RULES
Fr the Government of the General Assembly When Assembled in Joint Session

49
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION
1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law
2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Represenatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice
4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock a m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected
5 The first business in order for said joint session shall be the election of Judges of the Supreme Court and after that Judges and Solicitors of the various circuits Before the election of Judges and Solicitors shall be commenced
I
50
the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall prepare
slips of paper of the samesize on which he shall write the
names of the various circuits for which elections are to be
held and place the same in a box and hand the same to
the President of the Senate who shall without inspecting
the said slips of paper draw them out one at a time and
when each slip is drawn said President of the Senate shall
announce to the joint session the name of the circuit
drawn and the election for Judges and Solicitors of said
circuit shall be in order if either or both said offices are
vacant The President of the Senate shall continue to draw
out the names of circuits from said box until all of said
Judges and Solicitors are elected ActsCode page 49
6 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives
7 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly
8 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate
9 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks
10 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order
to second such nomination and when the nomination is i
declared closed the President shall forthwith order the
rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his
seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his
choice for such office
11 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote
51
unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote has been recorded by mistake
12 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order
13 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former
14 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate
15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened
16 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber
17 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session
18 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same

OFFICERS
OF THE
House of Representatives 19021903
HON N A MORRIS of Cobb Speaker
HON J D HOWARD of BaldwinSpaeker pro tem
HON JNO T BOIFEUILLET of Bibb Clerk
D T McCLATCHEY Jr of CobbReading Clerk
O L GRESHAM of BurkeJournal Clerk
W T KELLY of FloydCalendar Clerk
GOODE PRICE of LeeMessage Clerk
T R PENN of Jasper Messenger
J H WILLIFORD of FayetteDoorkeeper
MEMBERS
OP THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF GEORGIA
WITH COUNTY AND POSTOFFICE
902 903
A
Name County Postoffice
Adams George W Putnam Eatonton
Akin John W Bartow Gartersville
Alexander 0 A Wilkes Washington
Alford W L H Worth Willingham
Almand W V Rockdale Conyers
Arnold N D Oglethorpe Crawford
Ayers J B Polk Cedartown
B
Baldwin E S Schley Ellaville
Beall W H Paulding Dallas
Bell George H Emanuel Swainsboro
Bell W L Milton Shelton ville
Berry W B Coweta Newnan
Beauchamp J 0 Butts Jackson
Blackburn R B F ulton Atlanta
Booth C M Walton Monroe
Bowen R V Wilcox Lulaville
Brinson S Russell Decatur Bainbridge
Brock J R Dade Trenton
Brown R E Houston Ft Valley
Boykin J H Lincoln Lincoln ton
Bruce G D Lumpkin Dahlonega
Buchan D M Dodge Gresson
Buchannon W A Early Blakely
Burton B H Franklin Iron Rock
Bush J A Miller i Colquitt
Butts Eustace C Glynn Brunswick
58
Name C County Postoffice
Calvin M V Richmond Augusta
Candler C M DeKalb Decatur
Cann J F Chatham Savannah
Carrington L N Madison Comer
Carr N C Newton Covington
Carswell G H Wilkinson Irwinton
Cliatt J L Columbia Mistletoe
Conner J J Bartow Cartersville
Cook d F Telfair McRae
Cromartie J A Appling Hazlehurst
Crumbly J D Stewart Lumpkin
D
Daves D C Fannin Dial
Davis C L Meriwether Warm Springs
Davidson R E Greene Woodville
Deal A M Bullock Statesboro
Derrick Jr J H Rabun Burton
Dozier E N Troup Glee
Duckett E L Banks Hollingsworth
Duggan L A Randolph Cuthbprt
Dunbar C E Richmond Augusta
E
Edwards M R Marion Tazewell
English James M Warren Warrenton
Ennis W 11 Floyd Rome
Evans A W Washington Sandersville
F
Felder T S Bibb Macon
Fields S R Dooly Cordele
Flanigan J C Gwinnett Lawrenceville
Flynt J J Spalding Griffin
Foster L G Towns Osborne
Foster T M Oconee Bishop
Franklin H M Washington Tennille
Fussell D J Chattahoochee Cusseta
a
Gaulden S S Brooks Quitman
George Emerson H Morgan Madison
59
Name County Postoffice
Glenn George G Whitfield Dalton
Grenade Columbus Wilkes Lina
Grice Warren Pulaski Hawkinsville
Griffin H F Twiggs Jeffersonville
H
Hall J H Bibb Macon
Hardeman L G Jackson Harmony Grove
Harden AVm Chatham Savannah
Hawes P M Elbert Elberton
Hayes J E Macon Montezuma
Hendry R S Liberty Taylors Creek
Henry W L Murray Beaver Dale
Hicks J B Laurens Dublin
Hixon James A Sumter Americus
Hixon J T Carroll Villa Rica
Holder John N Jackson Jefferson
Houston C C Fulton Atlanta
Howard H P Laurens Dublin
Howard J D Baldwin Milledgeville
Howell W S Meriwether Greenville
Hutcheson E B Haralson Buchanan
J
Johnson A S Johnson R B Johnson A J Jones E R Jones W M Baker Clinch Crawford Dougherty Pickens Newton DuPont Robley Albany Jasper
K
Kendrick J A Kent J L Kelly T J M Kilburn L J Knighfy J P KnowleS W A Taliaferro Johnson Glascock Bibb Berrien Floyd Sharon Wrightsville Gibson Macon Nashville Rome
L
Lane W T Lanier L M Lawrence J 0 Little H H Lowe W A P Sumter Bryan Walton Hancock Chattooga Americus Pembroke Monroe Sparta Trion

60
M
Name County Postoffice
Mann Henry Tattnall Perrys Mills
MapleS I Mitchell Pelham
Martin L H 0 Elbert Middleton
May son J W DeKalb Decatur
McCurry Julian B Hart Hartwell
McBride J M Lee Leesburg
McElmurray J F Burke Alexander
McHenry W S Floyd Rome
McLain A P Cobb Acworth
McKee E J Lowndes Kinder Lou
Miller B S Muscogee c Columbus
Miller I L Bullock Mill Ray
Mills W D Cherokee Canton
Mitcham A B Clayton Lovejoy
Mitchell F Thomas Thomasville
Mizell J S Charlton Traders Hill
Morris N A Cobb Marietta
Morton L 0 Jones James Station
Moses C L Coweta Senoia
Mulherin P M Richmond Augqsta
N
Newton G W Colquitt Moultrie
Nisbet D E Burke Greens Cut
O
Owen Emmett M Pike Hollonville
OQuinn G W Wayne Odum
Overstreet E K Screven Syl vania
Parker J T P Talbot Prattsburg
Pate J S Dooly Cordele
Pate T A Gwinnett Snellville
Paulk T L Coffee Willacoochee
Paulk J W Irwin Ocilla
Peyton J T Habersham 1 Mt Airy
Phillips M N Quitman Morris Station
Phillips J P Jefferson Louisville
Preston W J M Jasper Broughton
Proctor J J Camden Satilla Bluff
61
R
Name County
Rainey E LTerrell
Rankin W RGordon
Rawls MorganEffingham
Redwine T WHenry
Reid 0 SCampbell
Rice M BartForsyth
Richardson C C Houston
Ridley J B Troup
Rodgers B AHall
Rogers W HMcIntosh
Roper AmosDawson
Rountree J BThomas
Postoffice
Dawson
Calhoun
Guyton
Hampton
Palmetto
Pleasant
Byron
LaGrange
Land
Darien
Dawsonville
Barwick
S
Sanders J B Heard Corinth
Shackelford T J Clarke Athens
Shannon JR Monroe Cabaniss
Singletary J R Thomas Cairo
Slaton J M Fulton Atlanta
Steed E T Carroll Villa Rica
Steed W E Taylor Butler
Stanford L J Harris Hamilton
Stewart J T Calhoun Morgan
Stovall P A Chatham Savannah
Strickland C S T Tattnall Claxton
Spence Jr John M Ware Waresboro
T
Thurman B F Walker Lafayette
Thompson J L Hall Oconee Mill
Tignor G Y Muscogee Columbus
Tracy 0 C Webster Richland
U
Underwood J W H White Cleveland
V
Valentine Henry VEchols
Howell
62
W
Name County Postoffice
Walker E H Monroe Forsyth
Walker E L Pierce Blackshear
Warren George M Emanuel Swainsboro
Watson J D McDuffie Thomson
Welch W R Gilmer E Hi jay
Wellborn Jr C J Union Blairsville
West W S Lowndes Valdosta
Whitley T R Douglas Dcuglasville
Wilson Clarence Clay Fort Gaines
Wise J W Fayette Fayetteville
Womble M D Upson Thomaston
Wooten W T Montgomery Erick
Y
Yates W H
Catoosa
Ringgold
MEMBERS
HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES OF GEORGIA
BY THE COUNTIES WITH POSTOFPICE
1902 1903
County
Appling
Baker
Baldwin Banks
Name Postoffice
J A CromartieHazlehurst
A S JohnsonNewton
J D Howard Milledgeville
S E L DuckettHollingsworth
BartowCJohn W AkinCartersville
Bartow J J ConnerjOartersville
Berrien Y J P KnightNashville
Bibb yT S FelderMacon
0bVHall J H Macon
Bibbl J Kilburn Macon
Brooks S S Gaulden Quitman
BryanL M LanierPembroke
Bullock A M Deal Statesboro
fruflockI L MillerMill Ray
Burke D E NisbetGreens Cut
BurkeJ F McElmurrayAlexander
Putts Y J O BeauchampJackson
CalhounJ T StewartMorgan
CamdenX J J ProctorSatilla Bluff
CampbellC S ReidPalmetto
Oarro11 VrE T SteedVilla Rica
0arro1J T Hixon Villa Rica
Catoosa W H Yates Ringgold
Charlton Vj 8 MizellTraders Hill
0hatham Y P A Stovall Savannah
ChathamWm HardenSavannah
Chatham J I Oann l Savannah
ChattahoocheeyrD J FussellCusseta
Chattooga W A P Lowe Trion

64
County Name Postoffice
Cherokee W D Mills Canton
Clarke T J Shackelford Athens
Clay Clarence Wilson Fort Gaines
Clayton A B Mitcham Lovejoy
Clinch R B Johnson DuPont
Cobb A P McLain Acworth
Cobb N A Morris Marietta
Coffee TL Paulk Willacoochee
Columbia J L Cliatt Mistletoe
Colquitt G W Newton Moultrie
Coweta C L Moses Senoia
Coweta W B Berry Newnan
Crawford A J Johnson Robley
Dade J R Brock Trenton
Dawson Amos Roper Dawsonville
Decatur S Russell Brinson Binbridge
DeKalb J W Mayson Decatur
DeKalb C M Candler Decatur
Dodge D M Buchan Gresson
Dooly S R Fields Cordele
Dooly J S Pate Cordele
Dougherty E R Jones Albany
Douglas VT R Whitley Dcuglasville
Early W A Buchannon Blakely
Echols Henry V Valentine Howell
Effingham Morgan Rawls m Guyton
Elbert P M Hawes Elberton
Elbert yL H 0 Martin Middleton
Emanuel George H Bell Swainsboro
Emanuel George M Warren Swainsboro
Fannin D C Daves Dial
Fayette yjL J W Wise Fayetteville
Floyd W S McHenry Rome
Floyd W A Knowles Rome
Floyd W H Ennis Rome
Forsyth M Bart Rice Pleasant
Franklin yB H Burton Iron Rock
Fulton fJ M Slaton Atlanta
Fulton R B Blackburn Atlanta
Fulton C C Houston Atlanta
Gilmer W R Welch Ellijay
Glascock T J M Kelly Gibson
Glynn Eustace C Butts Brunswick
Gordon W R Rankin Calhoun
65
County Name Postoffice
Greene It E Davidson Woodville
rwinnett J 0 Flanigan Lawrenceville
Gwinnett T A Pate Snell ville
Habersham J T Peyton Mt Airy
Hall B A Rodgers Land
Hall J L Thompson Oconee Mill
Hancock y H H Little Sparta
Haralson E B Hutcheson Buchanan
Harris L J Stanford Hamilton
Hart Julian B McCurry Hartwell
Heard J B Sanders Corinth
Henry T W Red wine Hampton
Houston R E Brown Ft Valley
Houston 0 0 Richardson Byron
Irwin J W Paulk Ocilla
Jackson Y yL G Hardeman Harmony Grove
Jackson V yJohn N Holder Jefferson
Jasper W J M Preston Broughton
Jefferson J P Phillips Louisville
J ohnson J L Kent Wrightsville
Jones L 0 Morton James Station
Laurens J B Hicks
Laurens H P Howard Dublin
Lee ify J M McBride Leesburg
Liberty R S Hendry Taylors Creek
Lincoln Lowndes J H Boykin Lincoln ton
W S West Valdosta
Lowndes E J McRee Kinder Lou
Lumpkin G D Bruce Dahlonega
Macon y J E Hayes Montezuma
Madison L N Carrington Comer
Marion McDuffie M R Edwards J D Watson Tazewell
McIntosh W H Rogers Darien
Meriwether C L Davis Warm Springs
Meriwether W S Howell Greenville
Miller J A Bush Colquitt
Milton W L Bell Sheltonville
Mitchell I Maples Pelham
Monroe Forsyth
Monroe J R Shannon Cabaniss
Montgomery W T Wooten Erick
Morgan Emerson H George Madison
Murray W L Henry Beaver Dale
JMuscogee B S Miller Columbus

66
County Name Postoffice
Muscogee G Y Tignor Columbusv
Newton N C Carr Covington
Oconee T M Foster Bishop
Oglethorpe NN D Arnold Crawford
Paulding W H Beall Dallas
Pickens Jones W M Jasper
Pierce E L Walker Blackshear
Pike yL Emmett M Owen Hollonville
Polk J B Ayers Cedartown
Pulaski Warren Grice Hawkinsville
Putnam George W Adams Eatonton
Quitman M N PhillipsT Morris Station
Rabun yJ H Derrick Jr Burton
Randolph L A Duggan Cuthbert
Richmond C E Dunbar Augusta
Richmond P M Mulherin Augusta
Richmond yM V Calvin Augusta
Rockdale W Y Almand Conyers
Schley E S Baldwin Ellaville
Screven E K Overstreet Sylvania
Spalding VrJ J Flynt Griffin
Stewart J D Crumbly Lumpkin
Sumter James A Hixon Americus
Sumter W T Lane Americus
Talbot J T Parker Prattsburg
Taliaferro J A Kendrick Sharon
Tattnall C S T Strickland Claxton
Tattnall Henry Mann Perrys Mills
Taylor W E Steed Butler
Telfair J F Cook McRae
Terrell yE L Rainey Dawson
Thomas tt vJ B Rountree Barwick
Thomas Xsi J R Singletary Cairo
Thomas F Mitchell Thomasville
Towns L G Foster Osborne
Troup E N Dozier Glee
Troup J B Ridley LaGrange
Twiggs H F Griffin Jeffersonville
Union C J Wellborn Jr Blairsville
Upson M D Womble Thomaston
Walker it B F Thurman Lafayette
Walton J 0 Lawrence Monroe
Walton C M Booth Monroe
Ware John M Spence Jr Waresboro
67
County Name Postoffice
Warren James M English Warrenton
Washington H M Franklin Tennille
Washington A W Evans Sandersville
Wayne G W OQuinn Odum
Webster T0 0Tracy Richland
White J W H Underwood Cleveland
Whitfield George G Glenn Dalton
Wilcox R V Bowen Lulaville
Wilkes Columbus Grenade Lina
Wilkes C A Alexander Washington
Wilkinson G H Carswell Irwinton
Worth yW L H Alford Willingham

Standing Committees
of the
House of Representatives
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE HOUSE
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Mr Akin of Bartow Chairman Blackburn ViceChairman Butts
George
Reid
Slaton
J Steed of Taylor Miller of Muscogee McHenry
Hixon of Sumter Hall
Cann
Felder
Flynt
Womhle
Warren
Walker
Phillips of Jefferson Little
Mitchell
Evans
72
APPROPRIATIONS
Mr Davis of Meriwether Chairman
Steed of Taylor ViceChairman
Cann
Felder
McHenry
Slaton
Knowles
Wellborn
Warren
Franklin
Davison
Bruce
Booth
Bell of Milton
Arnold
Almond
Alexander
Akin
Calvin
Flynt
McLain
Moses
Miller of Muscogee Howard of Baldwin Parker
Rainey
Shackelford
Shannon
Thompson
West
Holder
Hixon of Sumter Hixon of Carroll Hawes
Hall
Hardeman
Owen
Overstreet
Rountree
Bower
AUDITING
Mr Rawls of Effingham Chairman
Womble ViceChairman Hall
Davis George
Wise Grice
3
BANKS AND BANKING
Me Jones of Dougherty Chairman
Hawes ViceChairman Mulherin
Walker of Monroe Kendrick
Cook
Fields
Davison
Calvin
Buchannon
Griffin
Lane
McCurry
Mayson
Almond
Alford
Phillips of Jefferson
BLIND ASYLUM
Me Kelly of Glascock Chairman
Peyton ViceChairman Lawrence
Mayson
McBride
Foster of Towns
Yates
Welch
Thompson
Strickland
Rice
Singletary
Rawls
Buchan
Morton
74
CORPORATIONS
Mr Shackelford of Clarke Chairman
Pit tie ViceChairman Parker
Lawrence Hicks
Mills Hayes
McLain Martin
Rice Duckett
Bell of Milton Derrick
Ayres Carr
Ennis Calvin
Davison Carswell
Daves Beauchamp
Mann Alexander
Steed of Taylor Bowen
Lowe Kilhurn
Kelly Redwine
Kendrick Bruce
Hixon of Carroll Buchan
Henry Burton
Welch J ones of Pickens
McElmnrray Richardson
Tates Foster of Oconee
COUNTY AND COUNTY MATTERS
Me Shannon of Monroe Chairman
Mitcham ViceChairman Rent
Martin
Dozier
Duckett
Carr
Burton
Boykin
Ayres
Beauchamp
Buchan
Cliatt
Maples
McLain
Warren
Yates
Walker of Monroe Thompson
Rice
Phillips of Jefferson
Overstreet
Singletary
Steed of Carroll Strickland
Stewart
Nisbet
Kilburn
Johnson of Clinch Hardeman
Grana de
Hicks
Cromartie
Crumbly
Fussell
Bush
Baldwin
Alford
76
EDUCATION
Mr Holder
Adams ViceChairman Miller of Muscogee
Steed of Taylor
Knowles
Wellborn
Rainey
Howard of Baldwin Jones of Dougherty Kelly
Booth
Arnold
Cann
Franklin
Moses
McCurry
Mason
Bush
of Jackson Chairman
Hixon of Carrol Peyton
Ridley
Stewart
Stovall
Womble
Yates
Richardson
Proctor
Davis
Bell of Milton Houston
Rogers of Hall Hawes
Bower
Wilson
ENROLLMENT
Mr Wellborn of Union Chairman
Bell of Milton ViceChairman McBride
Harden Dunbar
Hardeman Gaulden
Houston Underwood
Rainey Bruce
Richardson
77
EXCUSE OF MEMBERS
Me Wise of Fayette Chairman
Whitley ViceChairman JMartin
Preston
Johnson of Baker
Butts
Beall
Valentine
Underwood
Grice
GENERAL AGRICULTURE
Me Calvin of Richmond Chairman

Arnold ViceChairman Conner
Hardeman
Moses
McLain
Walker of Monroe Yates
Stovall
Stewart
Roper
Rogers of Hall
Rice
Phillips of Quitman Peyton
Parker
Griffin
Beauchamp
Alexander
Bell of Emanuel Booth
Boykin
Brock
Burton
Carr
Bush
Cook
Crumbly
Davis
Derrick
Dozier
Duckett
Hawes
Wilson
Womble
McCurry
Jones of Pickens Henry
Flynt
Franklin
Sanders
Fussell
Newton
McElmurry
Martin
Pate of Dooly Maples
Rountree
Pate of Gwinnett Johnson of Clinch
78
GENERAL JUDICIARY Me Slaton of Fulton Chairman
Akin ViceChairman Phillips of Jefferson Steed of Taylor
Flynt
McHenry
Reid
Wilson
Blackburn
MeCurry
Howard of Laurens Stanford
Miller of Muscogee Mitchell
Felder
Ennis
Cann
Hixon pf Sumter George
Owen
Overstreet
Bower
Ridley
Jones of Dougherty Watson
Evans
Hall
Shackelford
Wise
Mills
Womble
Kent
Little
Wellborn
Howard of Baldwin Warren
Tigner
Butts
Johnson of Baker Walker of Pierce Carswell
West
79
4
f
t
GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF
Mr Ennis of Floyd Chairman
McLain ViceChairman Evans
Conner
Beauchamp
Ayres
Almond
Harden
Knowles
Maples
Fussell
Pate of Gwinnett OQuinn
Jones of Pickens
Sanders
Stanford
Warren
Welch
Spence
Crumbly
k
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM
Mr Franklin of Washington Chairman
Howard of Baldwin ViceChairman
Hicks of Sumter Wellborn
Shannon
Kent
Kendrick
Cliatt
Burton
Bruce
Beall of Paulding Adams
Grice
Henry
Jones of Pickens
Kelly
Kilhurn
Spence
Sanders
Thurman
Knowles
Little
Watson
Rountree
Walker of Pierce yd Mulherin
Morton
Mayson
Martin
Pate of Gwinnett Carswell
Daves
Duckett
Alexander
Pate of Dooly
Griffin
Brock
Davison
80
HALL AND LOOMS
Me Owen of Pike Chairman
Slaton ViceChairman Reid
Calvin Steed of Taylor
Davis
HYGIENE AND SANITATION
Me Hardeman of Jackson Chairman
Mills
Lowe
Whitley
Miller of Bullock
Edwards
Newton
Jones of Pickens
Spence
Hutcheson
IMMIGRATION
Me Stewaet of Calhoun Chairman
Baldwin ViceChairman
Wooten
Richardson
Preston
Bowen
Buchannon
Hendry
Bush
Oromartie
Hutcheson
Howard of Laurens
h
Carrington
Duggan
Maples
Poster of Oconee Gaulden
Fussell
Edwards
Proctor
English
Knight
Rogers of McIntosh
Daves ViceChairman Beall
Brock
Buchan
Cliatt
Kelly
Sanders
Redwine
Shannon
81
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
Mr Bell of Milton Chairman
Beauchamp ViceJChainnan Mann
Johnson of Crawf ord Bush
Alford Buehannon
Hendry Nishet
Paulk of Coffee McRee
Paulk of Irwin Newton
Preston Fussell
Wooten Gaulden
Rountree Stewart
INVALID PENSIONS
Mr Mills of Cherokee Chairman
Brock ViceChairman Johnson of Crawford
Mitchell Knight
West Glenn
Proctor Strickland
Arnold Tracy
Cromartie Watson
Miller of Bullock McElmurray
Lanier Gaulden
JOURNALS
Mr Flanigan of Gwinnett Chairman
Evans ViceChairman Grice
George Candler
Blackburn Stovall
82
LABOE AND LABOE STATISTICS Mr Houston of Fulton Chairman
Kilburn ViceChairman Carr
Miller of Muscogee Booth
Mulherin Ayres
Bell of Milton Beauchamp
Lowe Maples
Hixon of Carroll Mills
Hardeman Burton
Peyton English
Stewart Duckett
Eichardson Foster of To
Kelly
MANUFACTURE S
Mr Mayson of DeKalb Chai
Mulherin ViceChairman Bedwine
McBride Hayes
Lowe Hardeman
Hendry Ayres
Griffin Flanigan
Bice Almond
Thompson Deal
Whitley Carr
Alford Brown
Pate of Dooly Buchan
West Johnson of
Tigner
83
MILITARY AFFAIRS
Mr Mulherin of Richmond Chairman
McHenry ViceChairman Kilburn
Bell of Emanuel Lane
Grice Dunbar
Harden McRee
Blackburn Franklin
Griffin Flynt
Hawes Ennis
Butts Felder
Brinson Tigner
Cook Stovall
Howard of Laurens Ridley l
Tones of Dougherty Shackelford
Johnson of Baker Pate of Dooly r
MINES AND MINING V
Mr Underwood of White Chairman Y A
Yates ViceChairman J Ohnson of Crawford
Brown Knight
Howell Lane 5
Roper Lanier
Wooten Gaulden
Valentine Foster of Oconee
Paulk of Coffee Carrington
Rankin Sanders
Glenn Deal
Hayes Dunbar
Howard of Laurens Edwards
Hutcheson Rogers of McIntosh
84
PENITENTIARY
Mr Steed of Taylor Chairman
Wilson ViceChairman Moses Cann Brock Hawes Ridley Owen Wise McLain McCurry McHenry Kent Kilbum Ah Mayson Martin McBride Mills Mitcham Duckett Eelder Pranklin Steed of Carroll Roper Rawls Phillips of Jefferson Bell of Milton Bush Beall Booth Brinson Holder Rainey Shannon Thurman Strickland Welch Derrick Dawes Poster of Towns f Dozier English Carswell Boykin Arnold Granade t Henry Houston Jones of Dougherty Mann Pate of Dooly I Parker Phillips of Quitman Howard of Baldwin if Sanders

PENSIONS
Mb Hawes of Elbert Chairman
Stanford ViceChairman Hicks
Peyton Henry
Flanigan Buchannon
Carr Carswell
Burton Fields
Calvin Mizell
Boykin Maples
Johnson of Clinch Kent
Watson Richardson
Thurman Walker of Monroe
Thompson Whitley
Rice Steed of Taylor
Lowe Preston
McBride Cook
Cliatt Spence
Carrington Rountree
Newton Deal
Redwine
ON PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Mb Wilson Chairman
Davison ViceChairman Daves
Brock Wellborn
Beall Kelly
Steed Derrick
Thurman Candler
Beauchamp Hixon of Sumter
Grice Phillips of Jefferson
Miller Overstreet
Shannon Flanigan
Lawrence Butts
Cook
86
PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR
Me Ridley of Troup Chairman
Beall of Paulding ViceChairman
Carswell
Mitchell
Lawrence
Johnson of Baker Johnson of Clinch Rawls
Valentine
PUBLIC LIBRARY
Me McCueby of Hart Chairman
Rainey ViceChairman Harden
Stanford
Wooten
Walker of Pierce Field
Baldwin
Akin
PUBLIC PRINTING
Me Bell of Emanuel Chairman
Flanigan ViceChairman Rainey
Houston
Boykin
Kilburn
Steed of Carroll Brinson
Hayes
Calvin
Knowles
PUBLIC PROPERTY
Me Rainey of Terrell Chairman
Kent ViceChairman Blackburn
Candler
Cook
Miller of Bullock Mitcham
Howard of Baldwin Stewart
87
RAILROADS
Mr Cann of Chatham Chairman
Knowles ViceChairman Davis
McCurry Brock
Hawes Booth
Steed of Taylor Griffin
Reid Welch
Peyton Shannon
Phillips of Jefferson Arnold xLZ
Wilson Flanigan
Wise Carr
Womble Butts
Jones of Dougherty Hixon of Sumter
Franklin Little
Mulherin Derrick
Mills Dozier
Moses Beall of Paulding
Mitcham Davison
Bower
ROADS AN D BRIDGES
Mr Moses of Coweta Chairman
Parker ViceChairman Singletary
Owen Phillips of Quitman
Pate of Dooly Pate of Gwinnett
Roper Paulk of Coffee
Tracy Paulk of Irwin
Mann Howard of Laurens
Hendry Valentine
Bowen Maples
Burton Knight
Duggan Johnson of Crawford
Cromartie OQuinn
Morton
88
RULES
Me Morris Ex Officio Chairman
Calvin ViceChairman Wilson
Knowles Slaton
Reid Flynt
Steed of Taylor Akin
Cann
SPECIAL AGRICULTURE
Mr Conner of Bartow Chairman
Martin ViceChairman Proctor
Bell of Milton Lanier
Ayres Morton
Granade Mizell
McBride Hayes
Mitcham Brinson
Johnson oif Crawford Carrington
Mayson Cromartie
Strickland Nisbet
English Cook
Davison Cliatt
Alford Edwards
Miller of Bullock Bush
Thompson Steed of Carroll
OQuinn Poster of Oconee
Paulk of Irwin Foster of Towns
Tracv Paulk of Coffee
Preston Bedwine
89
SPECIAL JUDICIARY
Mr Flystt of Spalding Chairman
Warren ViceChairman Brown
Overstreet Boykin
Felder Candler
Fields Deal
Franklin Duckett
Dunbar Davison
Kendrick Hixon of Carroll
Kelly Richardson
Howell Singletary
Rankin Underwood
Hicks Welch
Grice Wooten
Booth Bell of Milton
Baldwin Thurman
Alexander McLain
Bruce Lane
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC
Mr Booth of Walton Chairman
Ayres ViceChairman Cook
Beall McRee
Brown Mizell
Glenn Tracy
Lane Singletary
Lanier Sanders
90
TEMPERANCE
Me Adams of Putnam Chairman
Alexander ViceChairman Hixon of Sumter
Hixon of Carroll Harden
Overstreet Granade
Strickland George
Dozier Cliatt
Calvin Felder
Cann Mills
Bush Wilson
Steed of Taylor West
Blackburn Wise
Knowles Shackelford
Kendrick Jones of Pickens
Houston
UNIVERSITY OE GEORGIA AND ITS BRANCHES
Me Millee of Muscogee Chairman
Stovall ViceChairman Flanigan
Bell of Emanuel Dunbar
Hall Ennis
Hixon of Sumter McCurry
Hawes Steed of Taylor
Knowles Steed of Carroll
Kendrick Slaton
Johnson of Baker Shannon
Calvin Owen
Brown Overstreet
Candler Reid
Franklin Ridley
Flynt Shackelford
91
WAYS AND MEANS
Mr Reid of Campbell Chairman
Phillips of Jefferson Vice Kent
Chairman Lawrence
Mulherin Martin
Si ovali Rogers of Hall
Wilson Womble
Wise Mitcham
Whitley Mitchell
Ennis Duckett
Evans Dozier
Flanigan Derrick
Daves Crumbly
Candler Baldwin
Blackburn Howell
Bell of Emanuel Rankin
George Steed of Carroll
Grice Stanford
Johnson of Clinch Tigner
Jones of Dougherty Kilbum
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD
Mr Knowles of 1 Floyd Chairman
Flvnt ViceChairman Jones of Pickens
Bell of Emanuel Hicks
Davis Watson
Conner Rankin
Tigner Owen
Thompson Holder
Slaton Johnson of Clinch
Singletary McRee
Kendrick Spence
Bower
92
WILD LANDS
Mr Rogers of Hall Chairman Thurman ViceChairman Bowen
Howell Sanders Phillips of Quitman OQuinn Hendry Mizell Buchannon Valentine Proctor Paulk of Irwin Glenn Knight Rogers of McIntosh
A CODE
OP
PARLIAMENTARY LAW
OP FORCE IN THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
Prepared by LOUIS F GARRARD
The Use of this Volume is Respectfully Dedicated to the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia
Adopted as the Rules of the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia 11th Day of November 1888
A COD OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW
THE SPEAKER
Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend Discretion
r of Speaker
irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the when
Speaker
Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless shall vote the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member RgM of
Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to eecided
j Speaker
proceed
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the speaker to Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House committees
Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any mo Methods ot tion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the question House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor 0fbysPeakerthe motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No
And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result
Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
96
Duty of Clerk when Speaker is absent
Appeals from ruling of the
Speaker
When no debate on appeals
Appeals to ohe made at once
When members may ad dress the House
Power of 8peaker to suspend subor
dinate offi
cers
Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final
Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate
Rule 10 All appeals from the decision of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from the decision of the Chair any member after being recognized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House
Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the House within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to take in the premises
Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the Messenger
97
ami Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly when conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so ofmay kprder
galleries
fending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the ud lobbies
cleared
House to be dealt withfor contempt of the House
Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the House the Speaker may order speaker the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House
Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays ken where a division of the House discloses the fact that quorum of the House has not voted
Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of business toDeeisionon be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without de of priority bate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in debate
J Conduct of
or deliver anv matter to the House he shall rise from his memiaer
seat and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker
He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not sjfeak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall or may call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House Appeals shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of theHouse be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the mem Expulsion bers which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays andif ule recorded on the Journal of the House
98
Exception to words spoken
Silence
Mode of designating members
House
how
addressed Questions and interruptions
Shall not vote when interested in result
Prtests
Rule 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat
Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent
Rule 21 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent
Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly interested or in any case where he wras not present when the question being voted on was put to the House except by permission of the House in every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken
Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof
99
Rule 24 No member shall smoke in the House nor hall he converse with any one over the bar thereof
Rule 25 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires
Rule 26 No member shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate
Smoking and conversation prohibited
Duty while member is speaking and at adjournment
Matters transpiring in Senate Committees and private conversation not to he referred to
Rule 27 In nominating candidates for any office noandpaclaudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other marks5
when for
candidate be disparaged bidden
Rule 28 Applause or hisses in the Representative Applause
i ii iiii i anabisses
chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or forbidden legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Rule 29 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had naysand
Rule 30 No member can make more than one motion Only one
motion can
at a time and while the motion is being put to the House be made at he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker
Rule 31 No member having asked and obtained leave Explanado the House to explain his vote on any question before thetlon House shall be allowed more than ten minutes for such explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the House
Rule 32 When the reading of any paper is called for Reading o and the same is objected to by any member it shall be de papers termined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate
Rule 33 Every member within the hall when a ques when dion is put shall vote unless he is immediately and par snail vow ticularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the House divides or before the call of the
100
Motion to
excuse
wheu
made
Excuses
from
voting
Call for a division
Division how made
Qualifying paragrapn exception and proviso
Strike out and insert not divisible
Call of counties
Bills and resolutions called in order
yeas and nays is commenced and it shall he decided without debate except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to nrevail
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
Eule 34 Any one member may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
Eule 35 The member calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire
Eule 36 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition
Eule 37 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposition
BILLS AND BESOLUTIONS
Eule 38 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call the counties for the introduction of new matter be ginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet
Eule 39 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill r resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that the General Appropriation Bill and the General Tax Bill shall haveprecedence on third reading until the same shall have been finally disposed of
Buie 40 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up hills or resolutions out of their regular order and
every motion to make special orders shall except by the unanimous consent of the House be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Buies before being submitted to the House
Buie 41 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other mat Bmetc ter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice troduced
having been given for that purpose
Buie 42 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the Question first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill be com reading mitted or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the bill shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In case of commitment it shall be to a committee of the whole House unless the House shall otherwise direct andbills committed to the whole House shall be considered in Committee of the voraWe Whole House In cases where the report of a committee is committee favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question committee Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at smswhen any stage thereof by consent of the House1
Buie 43 No bill or resolution Shall be transmitted to the TransmisSenate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of nateby the members present shall so order YOte
Buie 44 No bill shall be printed until after the same has Bmg when been reported to the House by the committee to vhich it has printed been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the House agreeing thereto committee
Buie 45 All proceedings touching the appropriating of Whole
money shall be considered in the Committe
House
102
Solutions Rule 46 AU Mlls and resolutions shall be in writing and wrmpg have name of the member introducing the same as
dorIedn wel1 as the county he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the Caption of the bill shall alsobe indorsed on the same
Repotts of Rule 47 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and tees order reported by more than one committee or has been reported act on on and jaoommifliBcI to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House
Order of Rule 48 When any subject is before the House for considprecedence
eration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following to wit
5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amend
Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged
abiedwhen Rxde A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable renewed Ilor siaR saad motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the House debatable Rule 50 A motion to adjourn on a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable
when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
PRECEDENCE OFMOTIONS
1st Motion to adjourn
2d A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
MOTION TO ADJOURN
When
made
Rule 51 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time
103
Rule 52 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has ealled the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Rule 53 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form pre Qf vails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in adjpurn
eourse 1
Rule 54 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a Houroa
prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until ponethe final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and bef ore the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
Rule 55 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on Amend
the table shall be in order caSt be
Rule 56 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the eon table at any time when the House is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been be ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same fen from is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Rule 57 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it re eec00f moves from the consideration of the House the measure together with ull the motions attached to it at the time it is so
disposed Of ri Effect of
Rule 58 When the proposition is again taken Irom tnevotetoke
table it stands before the House in the exact form with all the rom
104
motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed
tNotfbfiin Eule 59 After a jea and nay vote is called on any bill or
roficaifii1 solution the House not acting at the time under the prep eted vious question and one vote has been recorded 0 motion to table shall be in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled
I newedre Eule A motion 0 lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Slirbat Eule 61 Either the motion to lay on the table nor the moamendable tion to take from the table is debatable or amendable
Member Eule No member having obtained the floor Shall be almoveto lowed to submit a motion then move to lay that motion on the
own table nor shall he be allowed to yield the floor to any other
member in order for said member to whom the floor is so yielded to move to lay the motion of the member yielding on the table
Kbied Eul 63 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again
When in Eule 64 A motion to 7 on the table may be made after order the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
pSo Eule 65 Tlie motion for the previous question shall be dequestion cided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn
105
or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made bef ore the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motion will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives
Rule 66 When the previous question has been ordered the House shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part Of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure
Rule 67 After the main question is ordered any member may call for a division of the House in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and najs if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal
Rule 68 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved
Rule 69 After the main question has been ordered no motion to reconsider shall be in order until after the vote on the main question is taken and announced
Rule 70 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any question if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such mem
Twenty
minutes
debate
allowed
Vote how taken
Effect of main question being ordered
Reconsideration whpn in order
Contested
election
106
How called and ordered
Call of the House when in order
Questions of order
Effect
Not amendable
When can not be applied
Not
renewed
ber or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
Rule 71 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
Rule 72 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present
Rule 73 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Rule 74 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Rule 75 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended
Rule 76 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental question such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Rule 77 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Rule 78 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a dav certain when decided in the affirmative by
a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected
Rule 79 If the motion to postpone a hill a resolution or negative other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question votebefore the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding
Rule 80 This motion to postpone to a day certain may he aybe amended by substituting one day for another In this case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions ashe would those to fill blanks
Rule 81 If a day designated is known to be beyond the ses aday sion the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been the session a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject
Rule 82 On a motion to postpone fib a day certain it is not when and in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be allowed postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It Shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points
Rule 83 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but must be applied to the whole bill rliedresolution or other measure bef ore the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named
MOTIONS TO COMMIT
Rule 84 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill MotioI to resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee commitor committee of the whole House
Rule 85 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and Shall be first voted on hut where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions
108
When debatable
Rule 86 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the
How
amended
Motion to recommit
question can be debated
Rule 87 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion
Rule 88 Any proposition that has been referred to any
committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Amend Rule 89 There are three wavs in which a proposition may
ments how
made be amended to wit
1st By inserting or adding words
2d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the wavs above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
Substitute Rule 90 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute
Rule 91 When a bill or resolution is before the House for
Hill first
perfected consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a
then the r
substitute substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and ait amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question hall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
when too Rule 92 An amendment cannot be offered after the report
mend of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution
109
under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered
Rule 93 All motions to amend any matter before the House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Rule 94 On all questions whether in committee or in the Priony House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Rule 95 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must Blanks be filed first before any motion is made to amend
Rule 96 The caption or preamble Of a bill or resolution caption shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been amended perfected
Rule 97 Whena proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur
back and amend it Amend
Rule 98 When a motion is made to amend by striking out merits by
striking
and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then out and the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended
Rule 99 When a motion is made to amend by striking out Priority of
g Amend
a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph mett0 shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Rufe 100 When any bill or resolution1 which originated in Amend the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the Amendate House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment mentsmay be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the
110
see rule 136 House amendment to the Senate amendment can not he further amended it must be agreed to or voted down
Rule 101 A motion to amend an amendment made by the
Priority J
Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Questionsf Rule 102 The questions which arise before the House reamendte specting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or resoment8 lution are
1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment
2d A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment
3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the above order
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 103 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be reconsider read it shall be in the power of any member whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsider ation at any time before the Journal is confirmed
Snail not
Urawn Rule 104 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not when be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might When there originally have been made
reconsidei6 105 No matter shall be considered more than once
Rule 106 Motion for reconsideration shall be in order imSernin mediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action
Ill
Rule 107 The action of the House upon an amendment 4netgd may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section hill or resolution to which it relates
Rule 108 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at piaceof the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third read Calendaring
COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE
Rule 109 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Com when mittee of the Whole without a motion being made therefor by
whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which is required by See rule 44 the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole
Rule 110 The House may resolve itself into a Committee dered by of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on mo theHousetion of a member made for that purpose
Rule 111 In forming a Committee of the Whole House how the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chairman to preside fmmed in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker
Rule 112 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be Proceedfirst read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered
Rule 113 The Rules of the House shall be observed by the mmittee Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that it can not refer a matter to any other committee it cannot adjourn the previous question cannot be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays
Rule 114 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time to bow closed be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the House shall take such
112

Time of how extended
Motiod to rise etc
Reconsid
eration
Duty of when no quorum is present
All members shall vote unless excused
Amend
ments
action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject
Rule 115 In the event that a Committee of the Whole House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain
Rule 116 A motion that the committee rise and report progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise
Rule 117 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in Committee of the Whole
Rule 118 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is present the Chair man of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of th absenceof a quorum to the House
Rule 119 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole
Rule 120 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House
113
Rule 121 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish disorderly conduct of its members but must report the same to the House for action thereon
Rule 122 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct therein
Rule 123 When the Committee of the Whole have disposed of the bill resolutions or other measures before it by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman will he instructed to report the action of the committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be
The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other Committee
Rule 124 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee
Rule 125 When in the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any member and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order
Rule 126 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House but the report shall contain only the result of the committees action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it
Disorderly
conduct
reported
Chairman may order galleries and lobbies cleared
Proceed ings of when business before it is finished
Record
Papers may be called for
Report shall contain result of committee s action
114
ABSENTEES
Tiorning
dispensed Rule 127 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the lhreey House shall not be dispensed with except by a fhreeifourths vote 8 vote of the members present
Eule 128 Upon the call of all the members ordinary and absentees extraordinary the namies of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave and of those absent with leave which are absent for providential causes and which for business reasons which said separate list shall be read in the House with the J ournal upon which the same is entered
The Clerk shall also keep a book accessible to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leave and the members so absent without leave unless excused by the House shall not be entitled to draw pay for the time they are so absent
uty of It shall be the duty of the Committee on Auditing to in
Auditing
Committee quire into the matter betre passing upon any members account
Excu e f Excuses of members absent without leave shall be submitmembers ted to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Power to Eule 129 The power to compel the attendance of members attendance orfer keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House
115
The Messenger of the House shall he ex officio Sergeantat Arms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as af oresaid
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Eule 130 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall be in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
CONSTITUTIONAL EULES
Eule 131 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Art 3 See 4 Par 4
Eule 132 Each Senator and Eepresentafave before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judg
Sergeant
atarms
Call how ordered Subsequnt Proceedings
What is a quorum Compelling attendance
Oath of members
116

ment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5
J required to ule 163 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive Pass bm a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal
Art 3 See 7 Par 14
I Yeusarui Pule 134 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the I Jyone desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the
nftn of T V
members Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
j resolutions 13 5 WU or resolution appropriating money shall
atiDgpri beeome a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in money each House are recorded
must pass
nlyyseasand Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12
Constitu Eule 136 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of j thirds vote twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act yaeae8nand or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall f nays be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21
I Reading of Rule 137 Every bill before it shallpass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7
itevenuc Rule 138 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate pn the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
I jectmatter 139 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to
more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8
mentto111 Rule 140 No law or section of the Code shall be amended
sections of 9 repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of ll Code
117
the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17
Eule 141 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform ifhiw operation throughout the State and no special law shall be varie enacted in any case for which provisions have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected therebv and no person under legal disability to con consent
i 1 p J and when
tract is capable of such consent required
Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Eule 142 The Generl Assembly shall have no power to Corpora grant corporate powers and privileges to private companiestion8 except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names or legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the man power deiener in which such power shall be exercised by the courts courts10
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
Eule 143 The General Assembly shall have no power to Relief of relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances zance from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19
Eule 144 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace whatthe nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the or Iroprfatum dinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial contain11 Departments of the Government paying of the public debt propria and interest thereon and for the support of the public institu separate tions and educational interests of the State All other appro Wlls priations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9
318

Adjourn Rule 145 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three
j meats 0
days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24
Elections Rule 146 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on theJournal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result
Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1
Rejected kill or Ordinance or resolution intended to
considered ave the effect f a law which shall have been rejected by thirdsvote House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13
Rule 148 The General Assembly meets annually on the limited to fourth Wednesday in October and the House and Senate are ty ys called to order at 10 oclock a m The Annual sessions are limited to fifty days
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 6
Elections Rule 149 Each House shall be the judge of the election re
disorderly i t r
conduct turns and qualifications of its members and shall have power
to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by cenExpuision sure tine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall thirdsvote exPelle except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
Signature No provision of this Constitution for a twothirds
nowhen vte f bOjth Houses of the General Assembly shall be conrequired strued to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23
119
Rule 151 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills Governors passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any Effeevof other anprouriation in the same bill and the latter shall not vote
rx r p i tt tnereou
be effectual unless passed by twothirds ot each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16
Rule 152 Every vote resolution or order to which the con when Govcurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question approve of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor Effeetjf and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being twothirds disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17
Rule 153 No county site shall be changed or removed ex Twothird cept by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county qed voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4
Rule 154 Anv amendment or amendments to this Consti
Twothirds
tution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representa voteje fives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the amendmembers elected to each of the two Houses such proposed constituamendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote f or members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part
120
of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
Two thirds Hule 155 No convention of the people shall be called by the quired to General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution vention unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
Salaries of 156 Tiie Judoes of the Supreme Court shall have out
Judges of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office
May be The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds
cnangeaby I 1 rot J
thirds vote VOte 0 each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such changes shall affect the officers then in commission
Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2
Pule 157 Ho local or special bill shall be passed unless fViotfceeofnotice of ttie intention to apply therefor shall have been pubspeeiaTd lished in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected be Submit may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty passage daJs prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16
121
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 158 When a message shall be sent to the House of Messages Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 159 Messages may be received at any time while the Messages
door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot ceived and r n considered
or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House
Rule 160 It shall be th order of the day every Wednesday Petitions to take up and decide on reports of committees on petitions and all petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they were received unless otherwise ordered by a majority of the House
Rule 161 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read Motions by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by consent of the House
Rule 162 Any member presenting a petition memorial or petitiongi remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the memorials name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 163 The several standing committees of the House Commit Shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise
Rule 164 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for clerk the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected
Rule 165 The clerk shall take Special care of the books clerk provided for the use of the House
Rule 166 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully Committee compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any er ment
J22

rors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith of their respective Houses oirutesSlon Rule 167 The rules of this House known as Constitutional rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules shall in no case be suspended nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of threefourths of the members voting
No debate Rule 168 Any motion to suspend rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate
notjnvii Rule 169 Any motion not privileged containing new mategea ter shall lie at least one day on the table
Record Eule 170 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Notneces Rule 171 When a motion is made by any member it shall dnd motion nt be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House
S how Eule 172 After the announcement Of the standing commit
enidaSdn n0 ther memloeTS sha11 b placed thereon except when members have been elected to fill vcancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
otheffoor Ruie 173 person shall be allowed to enter uponthe floor of the House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department State house officers and members of the Press actively reporting legislative proceedings exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and solicitorsgeneral in actual commission expresiding officers of the House and Senate Judges and DistrictAttorneys of the United States Courts and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on the Privileges of the Floor
Duty of ft sRaR be be duty of the Committee on Journals
teeon1 ad the Journal of each days proceedings and report tb Journals the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk
128
Rule 175 The House may hy unanimous consent relieve Effectoi itself from the operation of any rule other than the Constitu consent tional Rules of the House
Rule 176 Ho member shall take any books or papers from Members the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a rea papersand sonable time or on his demand
Rule 177 The hour to which the House shall stand ad Adjourn journed every day shall be 10 oclock am of the succeeding meut day excent Sunday unless otherwise ordered hy the House
A Motion for
Rule 178 A motion for the call or the yeas and nays shall yeas and
nays not
be decided without debate debatable
Rule 179 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed hy
0 Signature
Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpcenas is of speaker
ana ciGrK
sued hy order of the House shall be signed hy the Speaker and attested by the Clerk
Rule 180 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend Messenger to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may he directed to him by the Speaker
Rule 181 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk Messenshall superintend the distribution hy the Pages of all docu fn distribments and papers to be distributed to the members he shall mentis etc distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 182 No Committee of the Whole or other committee interiinea
5 tion forbid
shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper re deferred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 183 No pairing of members shall be recognized or al pairingi lowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 184 Whenever any member movesthat a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses Ham ofconferee ing the number of members be appointed if said motion pre ence
124
vails the Speaker shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in suchl case the committee shall consist of only such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker Amend Rule 185 After commitment of a bill and report thereof menis House it may be amended before the report of the com
mittee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Rule 186 Ho motion on a subject different from that under Motin consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment
If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order
Majority Rule 187 All reports of a committee shall be in writing
and minor I
ity reports and the minority of a committee may make a report m writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
Rule 188 Every motion for information from the Execu
What tdo J
tablelie u tive Department Shall lie on the table one day
Rule 189 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall votesfins read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Rule 190 Questions of privilege shall be first those afofprniiege feeting the rights ofthe House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn
Rule 191 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
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COMMITTEES
Rule 192 The Speakers shall appoint the following standing committees
Committee on Amendments to the Constitution Committee on Appropriations
General Committee on Agriculture for consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Agriculture for consideration of special and local bills
Committee on Auditing
Committee on Banks
Committee on Blind Asylum
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Counties and County Matters
Committee on Education
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Excuse of Members Absent without Leave Committee on Georgia School for the Deaf
Committee on Georgia State Sanitarium
Committee on Hall and Committee Rooms
Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation
Committee on Invalid Pensions
Committee on Internal Improvement
Committee on Immigration
Committee on Journals
General Committee on Judiciary for the consideration of general bills
Special Committee on1 Judiciary for consideration of special and local bills
Committee on Labor and Labor Statistics
Committee on Manufactures
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on Pensions
Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on Public Library
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Committee on Public Printing
Committee on Public Property
Committee on Privileges of the Floor
Committee on Privileges and Elections
Committee on Railroads
Committee on Roads and Bridges
Committee on Rules of which the Speaker shall be ex officio Chairman
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on Temperance
Committee on University ot Georgia and its Branches
Committee on Ways and Means
Committee on Western and Atlantic Railroad for the consideration of all matters pertaining to the Western and Atlantic Railroad
Committee on Wild Lands
The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be ex officio members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tem of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be ex officio members of the Committee on Appropriations
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 193 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Reading of the Journal
4 Confirmation of the Journal
5 Motion to Reconsider
6 Reports of Standing Committees
7 Unfinished business of previous session
8 Orders of the day
9 On Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call of the coiinties for the introduction of new matter
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10 House bill for third reading and House bills with Senate amendments
11 House bills for second reading
12 House resolutions
13 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the Counties Senate bills for first and second reading shall be in order
14 On Wednesday immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of committees on petitions shall he in order
15 Bills of Senate for Third reading
16 Senate resolutions
17 The reports of the Committee on Enrollment may be made at any time
18 After the regular order of business for each day shall have beeen exhausted House bills for first and second reading and Senate bills for first and second reading respectively shall be in order
Rule 194 No change of or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition be first referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House
Rule 195 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
Changing
rules
Questions not provided for
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
BILL OF RIGHTS
PREAMBLE
To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidence of Almighty God doordain and establish this Constitution
ARTICLE l
Section I
Paragraph I All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them
Par II Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete
Par III No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law
Par IV No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the Courts of this State in person by attorney or both
Par V Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury
Par VI No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any way to criminate himself
Par VII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the Stau nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed
Par VIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial
Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest
or in prison x
Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial
Par XI The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
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Par XII AIT men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of con science
Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State
Par XIV No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution
Par XV No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments onall subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty
Par XVI The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the person or things to be seized
Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof
Par XVIII The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation
Par XIX The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law
Par XX The power of the Courts to punish for contempts shall be limited by legislative acts
Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt
Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne
Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided
Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance
Par XXV All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the lull enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship
Section II
Paragraph I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the Judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved
Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and com fort No person shall fee convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open Court
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Par III No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate
Par IV All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby pro hibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws
Par Y Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par VI The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor
SECTION III
Paragraph I In cases of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid
Par II No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law Impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities shall be passed
Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities shall be revoked except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corporators or creditors of the incorporation
Section IV
Paragraph I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Par II Legislative Acts in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them
Section Y
Paragraph I The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness
Par II The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent Tights which they may have hitherto enjoyed
APTICLE II
V ELECTIVE FRANCHISE
Section I
Paragraph I In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by ballot
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Par II Every male citizen of the United States except as hereinafter provided twentyone years of age who shall have resided in this State one year next preceding the election and shall have resided six months in the county in which he offers to vote and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be required of himand which he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeable to law except for the year of the election shall be deemed an elector Providedthat no soldiersailor or marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty m this State and no person shall vote who if challenged shall refuse to take the following oath or affirmation I do swear or affirm that I am twentyone years of age have resided in this State one year an in this county six months next preceding this election I nave paid all taxes which since the adoption of the present Constitution of this State have been required of me previons to this year and which I have had an opportunity to pay and I have not voted at this election
Section II
Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration for all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State to wit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any Court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malefeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such person shall have been pardoned 2d Idiots and insane persons
Section III
Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same
Section IV
Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the treasury
Par II No person who after the adoption of this Constitution beinga resident of this State shall have been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or convicted of sending or accepting a challenge or convicted of aiding or abetting such duel shall hold office in this State unless he shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law
Section V
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of election precincts on days of election State county or municipaland prescribe punishment for any violation of the same
133
Section VI
Paragraph I Returns of elections for all civil officers elected by tbe people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for the members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE III
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
Section I
Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives
Section II
Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fortyfour members There shall be fortyfour Senatorial districts as now arranged by counties Each district shall have one Senator
The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effingham
The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tattnall and McIntosh
The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wayne Pierce and Appling
The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Glynn Camden and Charlton
The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Coffee Ware and Clinch
The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes and Berrien
The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Colquitt
The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Decatur Mitchell and Miller
The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Early Calhoun and Baker
The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth
The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clay Randolph and Terrell
The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman
The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Sumter Schley and Macon
The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge
The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Montgomery Telfair and Irwin
The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel and Johnson
The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Screven Bulloch and Burke
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The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Richmond Glascock and Jefferson
The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Taliaferro Greene and Warren
The Twentieth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Baldwin Hancock and Washington
The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones
The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Bibh Monroe and Pike
The Twentythird Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Houston Crawford and Taylor
The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot
The Twentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Payette
The Twentyseventh Senatorial Districtshall he composed of the counties of Newton Walton Clarke Oconee and Rockdale
The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan
The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Wilkes Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie
The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Oglethrope Madison and Elbert
The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Hart Habersham and Franklin
The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin
The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Hall Banks and Jackson
The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Gwinnett DeKalb and Henry
The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clayton Cobb and Fulton
The Thirtysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Campbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas
The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and TrouD
The Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Polk and Paulding
The Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Milton Cherokee and Forsyth
The Fortieth SenatorialDistrict shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun
The Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer
The Fortysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga
The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield
The Fortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of W alker Dade and Catoosa
Par III The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States Provided that neither the number of districts nor the number of Senators from each district shall be increased
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Section III
Paragraph I The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and seventyfive Representatives apportioned among the several counties as follows to wit To the six counties having the largest population viz Chatham Richmond Burke Floyd Bibb and Fulton three Representatives each to the twentysix counties having the next largest population viz Dooly Bartow Coweta Decatur Houston Greene Gwinnett Harris Jefferson Meriwether Monroe Muscogee Pulaski DeKalb Hall Walton Sumter Thomas Troup Washington Hancock Carroll Cobb Jackson Oglethorpe and Wilkes two Representatives each and to the remaining one hundred and five counties one Representative each
Par II The above apportiontment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by tbe United States Government so as to give the six counties having the largest population three Representatives each and to the twentysix countieshaving the next largest population two Representatives each but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be increased
Section IY
Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until their successors are elected
Par II The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Consitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 tbe second election for the same shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 188Q and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law
Par III The first meeting of the General Assembly after tbe ratification of this Constitution shall be on tbe fourth Wednesday in October 1878 and annually thereafter on the same day until the day shall be changed by law But nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the Governor from calling an extra session of the General Assembly before the first Wednesday in November 1878 if in his opinion the public good shall require it
Par IV A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Par V Each Senator and Representative before taking bis seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of tbe United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State
Par YI No session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than fifty days Provided that if an impeachment trial pending at the end of fifty days the session may be prolonged till the completion of said trial
Par VII No person bolding a military commissioner other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of tbe Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either House nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to
any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected
Par VIII The seat of a member of either House shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected
Section V
Paragraph I The Senators shall he citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate and shall be elected viva voce from the Senators
Par III The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments
Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall elect the Judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present
Par V Judgments in case of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law
Section VI
Paragraph I The Representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body
Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office
Section VII
Paragraph I Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Par II Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House
Par III The mebers of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treasonfelony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either house

137
Par IV Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment
Par V The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof
Par VI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the journal
Par VII Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in case of actual invasion or insurrection But the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Par VIII No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof
Par IX The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly
Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Par XIII All Acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Par XIV No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the journal
Par XV By an act approved September 241885 an amendment to the Constitution was submitted to vote of the people in October 1886 and adopted whereby the original of this paragraph was stricken from this Constitution
Par XVI No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and m the manner to be prescribed by law
138
The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed
VII No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the iaw to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Irar XVTII The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies nor to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the Courts All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
The Genera Assembly shall have no power to relieve
principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the pavment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer J
The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities
Par XXI Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the journal
Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall dem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State
Par Iio provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote
of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Par XXXV Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of a disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Section VIII
Paragraph I The officers of the two Houses other than the President and Speaker shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representativesv and such assistants as they may appoint but the clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each session nor those of the House of Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties
Section IX
Paragraph I The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall not exceed four dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practicable route in going to and
139
returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and th Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding seven dollars per day
Section X
Paragraph I All elections by the General Assembly shall be vivt voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare thr result j
Section XI
Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband
Section XII
Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing business in thh State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in theState of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioners or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders
Par II When such showing is made to the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the ComptrollerGeneral of theState of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law
Par III All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business deposit with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said ComptrollerGeneral one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to hit order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of th company making such deposit all interests and dividends arising from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the ComptrollerGeneral whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company
Par IV The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies
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Par V The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people
ARTICLE IY
POWER OP THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OVER TAXATION
Section I
Paragraph I The right of taxation is a sovereign right inalieniable indestructible is the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Govornment established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grantlimit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said Government or any department thereof to effect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly
Section II
Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate freight and passenger tariffs to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates and enforce the same by adequate penalties
Par II The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as property of individuals and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct tbeir business in such a uanner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general wellbeing of the State
Par III The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that said corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution Provided That this section shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road
Par IV The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to
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authorize any corporation to buy shares or stock in any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respective business or monopoly and all such contracts and agreements shall be illegal
and void
Par Y No railroad company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or to do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage and any such payments shall he illegal and void and these prohibitions shall he enforced by suitable penalties 2
Par VI No provision of this article shall he deemed held or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore made
by the State of Georgia l
Par VII The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this article by appropriate legislation
ARTICLE V
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
Section I
Paragraph I The officers of the Executive Department shall consist of a Governor Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral 3nd TrGsurcr
Par II The Executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his offices during the term of two years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified He shall not be eligible to reelection after the expiration of a second term for the period of four years He shall have a salary of three thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed bv a twothirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power But this reduction of salary shall not apply to the present term of the present Governor
Par III The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall he held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take Place biennally thereafter on said day until another date he fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State m the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same
Par IV The returns for every election of Governor shall he sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives
Par V The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate

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and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the
returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly 5 and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person
shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed by the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases
of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Phr YI Contested elections shall be determined by both Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Par VII No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years
Par VIII In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the President of the Senate shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until such disability be removed or a successor is
elected and qualified And in case of the death resignation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until
the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor
Par IX The General Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections
Par X The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America
Par XI The Governor shall be CommanderinChief of the army and
navy of this State and of the militia thereof
Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and to remit any part of a sentence for offences against the State after conviction except in cases of treason and impeachment subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve He shall at each session of the General Assembly oommunicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating the name of the convict the offence for which he was convicted the sen
tence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws
are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State
Par XIII He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall give
the General Assembly from time to time information of the state of the
commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke
the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be
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enacted at call sessions of the General Assembly except suck as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them
Par XIV When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out in the Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof
Par XV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter
Par XVI The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of ehch House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Par XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each House
Par XVIII He may require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices It shall be the duty of the Governor quarterly and oftener if he deems it expedient to examine under oath the Treasurer and ComptrollerGeneral of the State on all matters pertaining to their respective offices and to inspect and review their books and accounts The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of either of said officers from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same
Par XIX The Governor shall have power to appoint his own Secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other clerical force as may be required in his office but the total cost for Secretaries and clerical force in his office shall not exceed six thousand dollars per annum
Section II
Paragraph I The Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provision of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of election counting the votes declaring the result deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their office for the same time as the Governor
Par II The salary of the Treasurer shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed sixteen hundred dollars per annum
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Par III The salary of the Secretary of State shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed one thousand dollars per annum o Par IV The salary of the ComptrollerGeneral shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department including the Insurance Department and Wild Land Clerk shall not exceed four thousand dollars per annum and without said clerk it shall not exceed three thousand dollars per annum
Par V The Treasurer shall not be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par VI No person shall be eligible to the office of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral or Treasurer unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulations to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties i
Par VII The Secretary of State the ComptrollerGeneral and the Treasurer shall not be allowed any fees perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State
Section III
Paragraph I The Great Seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed fc any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the Great Seal of the State until otherwise provided by law
AETICLE VI
JUDICIARY
Section I
Paragraph I The judicial powers of this State shall be vested In a Supreme Court Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justice
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of the Peace commissioned Notaries Public and other Courts as have been or may be established by law
Section II
Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices A majority of the Court shall constitute a quorum
Par II When one or more of the Judges are disqualified from diciding any case by interest or otherwise the Governor shall designate a Judge or Judges of the Superior Courts to preside in said case
Par III No Judge of any Court shall preside in any case where the validity of any bondFederal State corporation or municipalis involved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interests in the class of bonds upon which the question to be decided arises
Par IV The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall hold their oflice for six years and until their successors are qualified A successor to the incumberent whose term will soonest expire shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a successor to the incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution
Par V The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a Court alone for the trial and correction of errors from the Superior Courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like Courts as may be hereafter established in other cities and shall sit at the seat of government at such time in each year as shall be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts
Par VI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first or second term after such writ of error is brought and in case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by Providential causeit shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed
Par VII In any case the Court may in its discretion withold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued
Par VIIIThe Supreme Court shall hereafter consist of a chief justice and five associate justices The court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting either in a body or in two divisions of three judges each under such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly A majority of either division shall constitute a quorum for that division The chief justice and the associate justices of the Supreme Court shall hereafter be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor and the State house officers are elected except that the first election under this amendment shall be held on the third Wed
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nesday in December 1896 at which time one associate justice shall be elected fora full term of six years to fill the vacancy occurring on January lsi 1897 by the expiration of the term of one of the present incumbents and three additional associate justices shall be elected for terms expiring respectively January lsi 1899 January lsi 1901 and January 1 st 1903 The persons elected as additional associate justices shall among themselves determine by lot which of the three last mentioned terms each shall have and they shall be commissioned accordingly
After said first election all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years each In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected and qualified The returns of said special election shall be made to the Secretary of State
Act approved December 16 1895
Section III
Paragraph I There shall be a judge of the Superior Court for each Judicial Circuit whose term of office shall be four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law
Par II The successors to the present incumbents shall be elected by the General Assembly as follows To the half as near as may be whose commissions are the oldest in the year 1878 and to the others in the year 1880 All subsequent elections shall be at the session of the General Assembly next preceding the expiration of the terms of incumbents except elections to fill vacancies The day of election may be fixed by the General Assembly
Par III The terms of the Judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections But if the time for the meeting of the General Assembly shall be changed the General Assembly may change the time when the terms of Judges thereafter elected shall begin
Section IV
Paragraph I The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases
Par II The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of Equity in this State
Par III Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided
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Par IV They shail have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may he provided by law
Par V They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge And said Courts and the Judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that maybe necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law
Par VI The General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury in the Superior Courts and City to another and the said Court may grant new trials on legal grounds
Par VII The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contracts in writing where an issuable defense is not filed under oath or affirmation
Par VIII The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law
Par IX The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside incases where the presiding Judge is from any cause disqualified
Section V
Paragraph I In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a City Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the Judge of either Court is disqualified to preside
Section VI
Paragraph I The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate ball be vested in an Ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law
Par II The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law
Par III The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified
Section VII
Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district one Justice of the Peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II Justices of the Peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injury or damage to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed one hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said Court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law
Par III Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
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Section VIII
Paragraph I Commissioned Notaries Public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the Judges of the Superior Courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be ex officio Justices of the Peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section IX
Pars graph I The jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all Courts or officers invested with judicial powers except City Courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such Courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly
Section X
Paragraph I There shall be an AttorneyGeneral of the State whn shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor
Par 2 It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent he legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XI
Paragraph I There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except when commissioned to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Courtl and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral shall be elected by the General Assembly in joint session on such day or days as shall be fixed by joint resolution of both Houses At the session of the General Assembly which is held next before the expiration of the terms of thepresent incumbents as provided in this Constitution their successors shall be chosen and the same shall apply to the election of those who shall succeed them Vacancies occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the General Assembly shall convene when an election shall be held to fill the unexpired portion of the vacant terms
Section XIII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the Treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the Attor
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neyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect the salaries of those now in office
Par II The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission
Section XIV
Paragraph I No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Superior Courts or AttorneyGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected SolicitorGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election
Section XV
Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the Court
Par II When a divorce is granted the jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties
Section XVI
Paragraph I Divorce cases shall he brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this State if the defendant be not a resident of this State then in the county in which the plaintiff resides
Par II Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction
Par III Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed
Par IV Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county
Par V Suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in diff rent counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides
Par VI All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county
Section XVII
Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by lkw
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Section XYIII
Paragraph I The right of trial by jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury in Courts other than the Superior and City Courts
Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors
Par III It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State
Section XIX
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of County Commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties
Section XX
Paragraph I All Courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly
Section XXI
Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not exceed ten dollars unless otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said Court when the usual th is filled in the Court below
ARTICLE VII
FINANCE TAXATION AND PUBLIC DEBT
Section I
Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only
For the support of the State Government and the public institutions
For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only
To pay the interest on the public debt
To pay the principal of the public debt
To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war
To supply the soldiejs Vh lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs during life and make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been otherwise disabled or permanently injured in such service or who may by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or disease contracted in the service or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or bliiidness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves provided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband
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Section II
Paragraph I All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects and ad valorem on all property subject to be taxed within the territorial limits ot the authority levying the tax and shall be levied and collected under general laws The General Assembly may however impose a tax on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive of other property j
Par II The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all hooks and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purpose of sale or gain Provided the property so exempted he not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or income
Par III No poll tax shall be levied except for educational purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll
Par IV All laws exempting property from taxation other tnan the property herein enumerated shall be void
Par V The power to tax corporations and corporate property snail not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall he a party
Section III
Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply casual deficiencies ot revenue to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate two hundred thousand dollars
Section IY
Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalt of the State shall specify the purposes for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purposes specified and for no other
Section V
Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in any company association or corporation
Section VI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this state to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits provided that if
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ny municipal corporation shall offer to the State any property for locating or building a capitol and the State accepts such offer the corporation may comply with such offer
Par II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners and for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of Courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing
Section VII
Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth or one per centum of the assessed value of taxable property therein without the assentof twothirds of the qualified voters thereof at an election for that purpose to be held as may be prescribed by law but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of this Constitution may be authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation aJ i1 ny cpWtv municipal corporation or political division of this btate which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness
Section VIII
Paragraph I The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any cou ty municipal corporation or political division of the btate unless such debt shall be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war
Section IX
Paragraph I The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of the State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interests profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office
Section X
Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall not incur any debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the municipal government
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Section XI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any Court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations
Section XII
Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war
Section XIII
Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by the State and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt Provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds
Section XIV
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollars which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not yet matured and shall be applied to no other purpose whatever If the bonds cannot at any time be purchased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and Treasurer of the State Provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall not take effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued under the Act of February the 19th 1873 shall have been paid
Section XV
Paragraph I The ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the financial condition of the State which report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities and income of the State and expenditures therefor for three
L
154
months preceding and it shall be the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent persons connected with his department and cause an abstract thereof to be published for the information of the people which abstract shall be indorsed by him as having been examined J
Section XVI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association
Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after theservice has been rendered or the contract entered into
Section XVII
Paragraph I The office of the State Printer shall cease with the expiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequateand satisfactory security for the laithful performance thereof JNo member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or indirectly in any such contract
ARTICLE VIII
EDUCATION
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of children in the elementary branchesot an English education only as nearly uniform as practicable the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races
Section II
Paragraph I There shall be a State School Commissioner elected by the people at the same time and manner the as Governor and State houseofficers are elected whose term of office shall be two years and until his successor is elected and qualified His office shall be at the seat of the government and he shall be paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars 2000 per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the Mate School Commissioner such officer or officers as may be deemed necessary to perfect the system of public education
Section III
Paragraph I The poll tax any educational fund now belonging tothe State except the endowment of and debts due to the University ot Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and ofthe sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax for military service and all taxes that may be assessed on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive to other property are hereby set apart and devoted for the support of common schools
155
Section IY
Paragraph I Authority may be granted to counties upon the recommendation of two grand juries and to municipal corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation but no such local laws shall take effect until the same shall have been submitted to a vote of the qualified voters in each county or municipal corporation and approved by a twothirds vote of persons qualified to vote at such election and the General Assembly may prescribe who shall vote on such question
Section V
Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be affected by this Constitution Nothing contained in section first of this article shall be construed to deprive schools in this State not common schools from participation in the educational fund of the State as to all pupils therein taught in the elementary branches of an English education
Section YI
Paragraph I The Trustees of the University of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition to the payment of the annual interest on the debt due by the State to the University the General Assembly may from time to time make such donations thereto as the condition of the treasury will authorize And the General Assembly may also from time to time make such appropriations of money as the condition of the treasury will authorize to any college or university not exceeding one in number now established or hereafter to be established in this State for the education of persons of color
ARTICLE IX
HOMESTEAD and exemption
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State except as hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or persons having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars
NoteThe above provision of the Constitution was specially submitted to the people and ratified as a part thereof by them on December 5th 1887
Section II
Paragraph I No Court or ministerial officer in this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any judgment execution or decree against the property set apart for such purpose
156
ZSSSSSXiunii8hed therefror th
Section III
Paragraph I The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce
thiartiroi1118110 benefc f the exemption provided for in hrfXCept aSito weann apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furnhirf and provisions to be selected by himself and wife if any and he shall am tori6 Is Set Part alienate or encumber the propertv so exwth kut il may be sold by the debtor and his wifef anv iointlv KS of the Judge of the Superior Court of the countv
reinvested othTiSe6 lad the be
Section IV
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide bv law as
ertv7 aBatanoih e 8etJin1g aPart and valuation of said prop
6rty i fuQt nothlng n ttis article shall be construed to affect or repeal the existing laws for exemption of property from sale contained in the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049 inclusive and the Act amendatory thereto It maybe optional with the applicant to take either but not both of 2 wSifitaEr
Section V
Paragraph I The debtor shall have authoritv to waive or re
KiSSS riht t0 the berofit of the exemption provided tom section four except as is excepted in section thread th
Section VI
Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart
etS tha 1 whole amunt of exemption hereinallowed a sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount
Section VII
Paragraph I Homestead and exemptions of personal propertv which nave been heretofore set apart by virtue of the provisions of eisfiag Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws for the enforcement thereof or which mav hereafter so set apart at any time shall be and remain valid as against all debts andPliabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution
nJirw6 fhat they would have been had said existing
Constitution not been revised
Section VIII
iwhich have become vested under previousl v existing laws shall hot be affected by anything herein contained In all
SflSfirndKr8136 been set aPart under the Constitution ot 1868 and the laws made m pursuance thereof and a bona Me sale of
such property has been subsequently made and the full purchase price
157
thereof paid all right of exemption in such property by reason of its having beon so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the right of the purchaser In all such cases where a part only of the purchase price has been paid such transactions shall he governed by the laws now of force in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property had not been set apart
Section IX
Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of realty under the Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said homestead and reinvest the same by order of the Judge of the Superior Courts of this State
AETICLE X
MILITIA
Section I
Paragraph I A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide hy law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist
Par II The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same
Par III The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State
ARTICLE XI
COUNTIES AND COUNTY OFFICERS
Section I
Paragraph I Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof 5 and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided
Par II No new county shall be created
Par III County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose
Par IY No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General
Assembly
Par Y Any county may be dissolved and merged with contiguous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified electors of such county voting at an election held for that purpose
158
Section II
Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the qualvoters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their offices for two years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter
Section III
Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may hereafter be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of commissioners of roads and revenue in any county
ARTICLE XII
THE LAWS OF GENERAL OPERATION IN FORCE IN THIS STATE
Section I
Paragraph I The laws of general operation in this State are first as the supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States
tionar IL Second As next in authority thereto this Constitu
Par III Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constituuon and the ordinances of this Convention shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly i he tax acts and appropriation acts passed by the General Assembly of 1877 and approved by the Governor of the State and not inconsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law
Par IV Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms
Par V All rights privileges and immunities which may have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporations in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity under and in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of competent jurisdiction in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be brought in question unless attacked for fraud u
Par VI All judgments decrees orders and other proceeding of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversion by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceeding in conformity with th law of force when they were made
Par VII The officers of the government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their sue
159
cessors are duly elected or appointed and qualified but nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution
Par VIII The ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and capital questions to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on shall have the effect of constitutional provisions
NoteUnder the ordinance of the Convention submitting the question of the location of the capital to the people the city of Atlanta was chosen December 5th 1877
ARTICLE XIII
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION
Section I
Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more papers in each Congressional district for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Par II No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable
Section II
Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratification or rejection to the voters of the State at an election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All persons voting at said election in favor of adopting the Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratification and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification
160
The votes cast at said election shall be consolidated in each of the counties of the State as is now required by law in elec tions for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be m favor of ratification he shall declare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district of the State but should a majority of the votes cast be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Constitution rejected
ORDINANCES
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained tty the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
1st That the question of the location of the capital of this State be kept out of the Constitution to be adopted by this Convention
2d That at the first general election hereafter held for members of the General Assembly every voter may indorse on his ballot Atlanta or Milledgeville and the one of these places receiving the largest number of votes shall be the capital of the State until changed by the same authority and in the same way that may be provided for the alteration of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the present Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitution shall should a majority of votes cast be in favor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
1st That the article adopted by this Convention on the subject of Homestead and Exemption shall not form a part of this Constitution except as hereinafter provided
2d At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot the words Homestead of 1877 or the words Homestead of 1868
3d In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified but in the event that said Constitution so submitted shall not be ratified then the article on Homestead and Exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede article seven of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of Homestead and Exemptions and form a part of this Constitution
4th If a majority of the ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 then article seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on Homestead and Exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified
Read and adopted in Convention August 22 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention
JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
162
AN ORDINANCE
Whereas A committee has been appointed by this Convention to consider and inquire into the ways and means by which the expenses of this Convention over and above those provided for by the General Assembly can be defrayed and whereas the committee are satisfied that a sufficient sum of money for the same can be procured by an ordinance of this Convention therefore
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
That the President of this Convention shall be and he is hereby empowered by authority of this Convention to negotiate a loan of a sufficient sum of money at seven per cent per annum to defray the residue of the expenses of this Convention not provided for by the Act of the General Assembly calling this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 18 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention
JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
1st That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention
2 That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon the ratification or rejection of this Constitution as therein provided and a vote upon the Capital and Homestead questions as provided by the ordinances of this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
There shall be sixteen Judicial Circuits in this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to organize and apportion the same in such manner as to equalize the business and labor of the Judges in said several circuits as far as may be practicable But the General Assembly shall have power hereafter to reorganize increase or diminish the number of circuits Provided however that the circuits shall remain as now organized until changed by law
Read and adopted in Convention August 23 1877
Attest C J JENKINS
President Constitutional Convention
JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION
Paragraph 15 of Section 7 Article 3 stricken out
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been per manently injured in such service
See Acts of 18841885
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 also amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provision for such Confederate soldiers as may have otherwise been disabled or permanently injured in such service and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or diseases contracted therein
Paragraph 3 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out biennially after the word and and before the word thereafter and substituting therefor the word annually p
Paragraph 6 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out the words forty days unless by a twothirds vote of the whole number of each House and substituting therefor fifty days These amendments were construed to apply to Article 3 instead of Article 2
Paragraph 7 Section 7 Article 3 amended by adding thereto but the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Paragraph 18 Section 7 Article 3 amended by striking out after the word companies in the second line the following words viz Except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies and substituting therefor at the end of said paragraph after the word courts the following viz All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
See Acts of 189091 Yol 1 pages 55 to 60 inclusive
Paragraph 1 Section 1 of Article 7 by adding after the word service in the thirteenth line of said paragraph the following words towit Or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves
Act approved December 19 1893 Adopted by vote of the people Oct 1894
164
Paragraph 2 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows The successors to the present and subsequent incum
bents shall he elected by the electors entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly of the whole State at the general election held for such members next proceeding the expiration of their respective terms provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall he elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years
Paragraph 3 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that said paragraph shall read as follows The terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their election Every vacancy occasioned hv death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected
Paragraph 1 Section 11 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows There shall he a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall he filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected provided that the successor for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended so that the same shall read as follows and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves providedT that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband
INDEX
TO THE
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
NoteReferences in the Index are made to the Article Section and Paragraph of the provision referred to the original division of the instrument being strictly followed
A
A S P
Absent members of Legislature attendance of compelled 3 4 4
Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited 119
Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for 1 1 15
Academy incorporated exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Acceptors suits against where tried 6 16 5
Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly 3 7 11
Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand 115 Acts amending or repealing must describe the law
affectedi 3 7 17
Local and private authority of 12 1 4
Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker
of House 3 7 13
Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be
recorded 3 7 21
Adjournment of Legislature by less than a majority 3 4 4
Consent of both Houses required when 3 7 24
Houses failing to agree Governor may adjourn them 3 7 24
Resolutions of not submitted to Governor 5 1 17
Ad valorem Tax on property shall be 7 2 1
Aged and infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 11
Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited 1 1 14
To any person or corporation by lending credit or
taking stock prohibited7 7 5 1
To any person or corporation by donation or gra
tuity prohibited1v 7 16 1
Aid of County or City to person or corporation prohibited 7 6 1
Amendments to Appropriation and Pvue bills by
Senate 3 7 10
To Constitution 13 1 1
166
Amendments Continued
a s P
To statute or code form of amendment act 3 7 17
Animals special tax may be imposed on vicious ones 7 2 1
Appeal from one jury to another in Superior and City
Courts 6 4ft
From Ordinary to Superior Court 6 ft 1
From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court 6 7 2
Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Court 6 4 4
Appointment of Legislator to another office prohibited 3 4 7
By Governor to fill vacancies 5 1 14
Rejected by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of State School Commissioner 821
Apportionment of Representatives how changed 3 3 2
Appropriation Acts authority of 12 1 3
Bills general and special 3 7 9
Bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10
Bills yeas and nays must be recorded on 3 7 12
Bills may be approved in part 5 1 16
Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer 3 7 11
For University of Georgia and College for colored
pupils 8 6 1
Approval of Governor to Bills 5 1 1ft
Of Governor to Resolutions and Orders 5 1 17
Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of bearing 1 1 22
Army of the State Governor is Commander of 5 1 11
Arrest abuse under prohibited1 l ft
Punishment for rescue from under order either
House 3 7 2
Privilege of Elector from 2 3 1
Privilege of member Legislature from 3 7 3
Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers 7 1 1
Assemble right of people to do so guaranteed 1 1 24
Associate Justice of Supreme Court 6 2 1
Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Attainder bill of prohibited 13 2
Attendance of members of the Legislature compelled 3 4 4
Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during 3 7 3
Attorney right to defend or prosecute by 1 l 4
Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have 115
General election of 6 10 1
General duties 6 10 2
General salary 6 13 j
General qualifications 6 14 1
Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments etc 12 1
167
B
A S P
Bail shall not be excessive 1 1 9
Ballot election by the people shall be by 2 1 1
Banishment beyond the State prohibited 1 17
Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature 3 7 18
Bequests may bereceived by the University of Georgia 8 6 1
Bills number of readings necessary before passage 3 7 7
Majority of all members in favor of necessary to
passage3 7 14
Rejected not again proposed without consent of two
thirds 3 7 13
Appropriation and Revenue must originate in
House v 3 7 10
Appropriations general and special requisites of 3 7 9
Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12
Revision of by Governor Vetohow overruled 5 3 16
See Local Bills also Acts
Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House 3 8 1
Required of Secretary of State ComptrollerGenl
and Treasurer 5 2 6
Required of Public Printer 7 17 1
Bonded debt not to be increased 7 12 1
Sale of States property to be applied to 7 13 1
Of county or city provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot
presideit 6 2 3
Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted
to suit 7 11 3
Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of
Road 7 13 1
Boundaries of counties to remain as now till changed
by law p 1 1
Bribery Conviction of disqualifies for office or voting 2 2 1
Bridges established by the Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Bridges Ordinarys jurisdiction in matters of 6 6 2
Bridges taxation by county to keep up 7 6 2
Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose 7 4 1
Buildings public exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Public tax by county to maintain 7 6 2
Ordinary s jurisdiction 6 6 2
Burial places exempt from tax 7 2 2
C
Canal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Capital location of ordinance concerning 12 1 8
168
A 8 P
Capitol site for may be donated to the State 7 6 1
Censure of members of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1
Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior
Court 6 4 6
Challenge of voter oath to be administered 2 12
Conviction of sending or accepting disqualifies for
office 2 4 2
Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Public aid from county or city 7 6 1
Charter of Corporations amended on conditions 4 2 3
Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trialssee Supreme Court 3 5 4
Children legitimatized and names changed by the
Courts 3 7 18
Church not to receive money from the State 1 1 14
Citizens of the State who are and right to protection 1 1 25
Of the State entitled to vote when212
City aid by donation or taking stock prohibited 7 6 1
Consent before Street Railroad can be built in 3 7 2G
Courts of the State need not be uniform 6 9 1
Court appeals and new trials in 6 4 6
Court errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when 6 5 1
Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1
Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 72
Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government 7 10 1
Public schools may be maintained by tax 8 4 1
Civil authority superior to the military 1 1 19
Cases where tried 6 16 6
Cases judgment by Court without Jury when 6 4 7
Cases venue how changed 6 17 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Court643
Jurisdiction of Justices Court 6 7 2
Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and
ComptrollerGeneral 5 2 234
Clerk of House of Representatives Compensation and
Bond of 3 8 1
Clerks of the Governor 5 1 19
Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to
numbers 3 7 17
Colleges exempt from taxation 7 2 2
For colored pupils 8 6 1
Colored pupils College for 8 6 1
169
A 8 P
Colored and white Public Schools to be separate 8 11
Commissioner of Schools appointed and salary of 8 2 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 6 19 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 11 3 1
Committee on Local and Special bills 3 7 5
Common Law Courts may be clothed with equity jurisdiction1 6 5 2
Common School systemsee Education 8 11
Commutation power in the Governor 5 1 12
Tax for military services goes to Sohools 8 3 1
Companies incorporation of 3 7 18
Volunteer military organization of 10 1 2
Compensation for private ways and public use of property1 13 1
Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate 3 8 1
Of Jurors how fixed 6 18
Extra not be granted officers or contractors 7 16 2
Competition arrangements by corporations to defeat
void 4 2 4
ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance Com
panis 3 12 2
Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies 3 12 3
Officer of Executive Department 5 11
Examination suspension and discharge of 5 1 18
Election of 5 2 1
Salary and Clerks hire 5 2 4
Eligii ility and Bond of 5 2 6
Perquisites not allowed to 5 2 7
Must report to Governor 7 15 1
Confederate Soldiers pensions for 7 11
Public debt not to be paidi 7 11 1
Conscience right of not to be controlled 1 1 12
Liberty of does not excuse licentiousness 1 1 13
Consent of parties to vary general law in individual cases 14 1
City to building Street Railroads within its limits 3 7 20
Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by
the people 1 5 1
Authority of 12 1 2
Amendments of 13 1 1
Amendments by Convention 13 12
To be submitted to the people 13 2 1
And United Stateslaws in violation of void 1 4 2
Of United States authority of 12 1 1
Constitutional Convention provisions to call 13 1 2
170
Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enu
merated 15 5
Contempt limitation of Courts power to punish for 1 l 20
Either House of General Assembly may punish for 3 7 2
Contested Election for Governor 5 1
Contracts laws impairing obligation of void 1 3
By Govynment releasing power to tax void 4 11
By Government heretofore made not impaired 4 2 0
Between corporations defeat competition void 4 2 4
Judgments on without verdict when 6 4 7
Jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of 6 7 2
Contractor not to receive extra compensation from Government 7 in t
Conventionsee Constitutional Convention and Ordinances
Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until 1 1 10
Does not work corruption or forfeiture 12 3
Of certain offenses disfranchises 2 2 1
Impeachment vote necessary 3 5 4
Dueling disqualifies for office 2 4 2r
Copartners suits against where tried 6 16 4
Coroners County Tax to pay 7 6 2
Corporate powers what may he granted by Legislature 3 7 18
Corporators not to be damaged by revocation of charter 13 3
Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain 4 2 2
Legislation in favor of conditional 4 2 3
Acts of to defeat competition and monopolize void 4 2 4
Bight to tax not to be released 7 2 5
State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to751
County or City not to take stock in aid or lend
credit to 7 6 1
Donations to from State prohibited 7 16 1
Authority of rights already accrued to1 12 1 5
Municipalsee City
Costs not payable by defendant till conviction 1 1 io
In Supreme Couft 6 21 1
County Commissioners may be created 6 19
111 3 1
Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1
Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Not to aid or take stock in Corporation 7 6 1
Public Schools may be maintained by 841
Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
Officers election term qualification and removal 11 2 l
IS 05
171
County CommissionersContinued
A S P
Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State 11 3 1
Is a body corporate suits of and boundaries 11 1 3
New one not to be created 11 1 2
Lines and site how changed 11 1 34
Merger of 11 1 5
Special Acts authoritof 12 1 4
Corruption of blood not worked by conviction 1 2 3
Courts power to punish for contempt limited 11 20
Power in matters denied to Legislature 3 7 18
Of the State 6 1
Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished 6 20
Of Common Law may be vested with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2
Of same grade throughout State must be uniform 6 9 1
Courts tax to pay expenses of 7 6 2
Jurisdiction against Homestead denied 9 21
Authority of judgments and decrees of 12 1 5
Existing judgments and decrees of ratified 12 1 6
See also Supreme Superior City and Justice Courts
Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons 7 5 1
Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed
property of debtor 1 2 6
Not to be damaged by revocation of Charter 13 3
Crime conviction in what cases disfranchises 2 2 1
Lobbying declared to be 1 5 5
Criminal cases Jury judges of law and fact 1 2 1
Judge may grant new trial Qn conviction 12 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 1
Rights of defendant in 115
Where tried 6 16 6
Yenue when changed 6 17 1
D
Damages jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of 6 7 1
Death of Governor vacancy how filled 5 18
Officer vacancy how filled 5 1 14
Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in 3 7 3
Debts Public taxation to pay 7 1 1
Public new debt contracted to pay 7 3 1
Power of State to contract restricted 7 3 1
Of County taxation to pay 7 6 2
Power of City or County to contract restricted 7 7 1
172
Debts Continued
To be incurred by City only on authority of City
Government
Of County or City not to be assumed by State Void and Confederate against State not to be paid
Debtor Concealing Property provisions against
May waive Homestead
May waive Exemptions of the old Code
Decrees of Court authority and ratification of
Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legislature Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to Defense under oath not filed Court to render judgment
when
Of State debts may be contracted for
Deficiency of Revenue in State supplied by borrowing Of Revenue in City and County supplied by borrowing
Deposit required of Insurance Companies
Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit from
Disabilities may be removed by Governor
Discrimination in Tariff by Railroad regulated
Disordely behavior in presence of Legislature punished
Disqualification to hold office or vote
Religious opinion is not
To hold office in more than one department
Of illegal holders of public money
Of Duelists
For Legislature and of legislator to other office
Resulting from impeachment
Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides
Judge of Superior Court who presides
Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge
Of interested Judge in bond cases
Districts Senatorial number composition and change of
Divorce exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court
First and second verdicts in cases of
Suits where tried
Domestic animals of vicious nature special tax on
Animals tax on goes to educational purposes
Donations by State prohibited
By State to University allowed
Drawer and Acceptor suits against where tried
Dueling conviction of disqualifies for office
A 8 p
7 10 1
7 8 1
7 li 1
1 2 6
9 3 1
9 5 1
12 1 56
3 4 7
1 1 4
6 4 7
7 3 1
7 3 1
7 7 1
3 12
5 2 5
5 1 12
4 2 1
3 7 12
2 2 1
1 1 13
1 1 23
2 4 1
2 4 2
3 4 7
3 5 5
6 2 2
6 4 9
6 5 1
6 2 3
3 21 23
6 4 1
6 15 L2
6 16 1
7 2 1
8 1 1
7 16 1
8 6 1
6 16 5
2 4
178
E
A 8 Pi
Education Common School System established 8 13
Commissioner of Public Schools 8 2 1
Confined to English in local public schools 7 6 2
Confined to English in State public schools 8 11
Poll Tax for purposes of 7 2 3
Special Tax for purposes of B 3 1
Taxation for purposes of by State 7 1 1
Taxation for purposes of by City or County 7 6 2
Appropriations for purposes of by City or County 7 6 1
Election by the people shall be by ballot 2 11
By the Legislature shall be viva voce 3 10 1
Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited 2 5 1
Privilege of Electors while attending1 2 3 1
Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Returns where made 2 6 1
Of members General Assembly 3 4 2
Members General Assembly each house to j udge of 3 7 1
President of the Senate 3 5 2
Speaker of the House of Representatives 3 6 2
Governor
Governor returns how made 5 14
Returns opened and published 5 15
Governor by General Assembly 5 15
Contested 5 16
Special 5 19
To fill vacancies in General Assembly 5 1 13
Of Secretary of State CompGenT and Treasurer 5 2 1
Judges of Supreme Court g 624
Judges of Superior Court 6 3 2
Judges Supreme Superior Courts and SolGenl 6 12 1
Justices of the Peace 6 7 3
AttorneyGeneralI 6 10 1
By City or County on creating a new Debt 7 7 1
City or County on School question 3 4 1
To change County Site 1 1 4
Merge one County into another 11 1 5
Election of County Officers 11 21
On amendments to Constitution 13 1 1
Ratification of Constitution 13 2 1
Electors who shall be so deemed 2 12
Registration of may be provided for 2 2 1
Privileges of while attending elections 2 3 1
Embezzlement of public funds disfranchises 2 2
174
A S P
Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favor of Corporations 4 2 2
Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of 9 2 1
Endorsers suits against where tried 6 16 5
Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations 4 2 1
Equity Cases where tried 6 16 3
Jurisdiction is in Superior Court 6 4 1
Jurisdiction may be conferred on Common Law
Courts 6 4 2
Errors in Superior and City Courts corrected in Supreme
Courti 6 2 5
Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5
Estate not forfeited by conviction 1 2 3
Excessive Bail and Fines forbidden 119
Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments are
distinct 1 1 23
Department officers ofi 5 11
Department officers of report suspension and removal of 5 1 18
Powers vested in Governor 5 12
Exemption from Taxation and void Exemption 7 2 2 45
From Levy and Sale 9 1 1
From Levy and Sale waiver of 9 3 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver of 9 5 1
Exhibitions special tax on goes to Public Schools 8 3 1
Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governor 5 1 18
Of Clerks of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral
and Treasurer 5 2 2 34
Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed 1 3 2
Express Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
Expulsion of Member of General Assembly for misconduct 3 7 1
Extra session of Legislature before November 1st 1878 3 4 3
Session of Legislature may be called by Governor 5 1 13
Compensation not to be allowed by Government 7 16 2
F
Family each Head of entitled to Homestead 9 11
Fees not allowed officers of Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1
Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
Females persons having care of entitled to Homestead 9 11
Ferries established by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning 6 6 2
175
A S JT
Fines imposed must not be excessive 119
Imposed on member of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1
Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of 3 12 4
Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from 5 1 2
Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by conviction 12 3
Of Recognizance relieved against when 3 7 19
Of Charter remitted only on conditions 4 2 3
Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for 12 6
Judgments attacked for 12 1 5
Free Schoolssee Education 8 11
Freight on Railroads subject to regulation by law 4 2 1
Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged 4 2 5
Furniture waiver of Exemption not good against all 9 3 1
Funds of county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
Of Public officers not to profit from use of 7 9 1
Sinking provided for 7 14 1
G
Genebal Assembly
Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative
power 311
Members of elected for two years 3 4 1
Election when held3 4 2
Election returns where made 2 6 1
Attendance of required 3 4 4
Oath of 3 4 5
Who are disqualified to be 3 4 7
Disqualified for certain other offices 3 47
Not to profit from use of public funds 7 9 1
Not to be interested in public printing 7 17 1
Seats of vacated by removal 3 4 8
Punished for misconduct in each House 3 7 1
Privileges ofi 3 7 3
Per diem and mileage of 3 9 1
Majority of all Decenary to passage of bill 3 7 14
Officers of who are 3 8 1
Quorum of to transact business 3 4 4
Adjournment by less than a quorum 3 44
Adjournment for more than three days etc 3 7 24
Elections by shall be viva voce 3 10 1
Of Judges of Supreme Court by 1st election 6 2 4
Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election 6 3 2
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts and
SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1
Of Governor by when 5 15
Of Governor contested determined by 5 16
176
General assemblyContinued
A S P
May pardon commute of reprieve for treason 5 1 12
May direct affixing of the Great Seal 531
Sessions of are annual 3 4 3
Of limited to 50 days 3 4 6
Of extra may be called by Governor 5 1 13
Of joint held in Representative Hall 3 10 1
Each House of may compel attendance of members 3 4 4
Is judge of electn and qualificatn of its membrs 3 7 1
May punish for misconduct 3 7 12
Must keep a Journal 3 7 4
Has general power of legislation 3 7 22
HAS POWER BY LAW TO
Provide punishment for fraud 12 6
For registration of voters 2 2 1
For removal Secretary of State Comptroller
General and Treasurer 5 1 i
For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6
For appointments of Judge pro hac vice 6 4 9
Commissioners for county affairs 6 19 1
For organizing the Militia 10 11
Prescribe manner of bearing arms 1 1 22
Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts 6 18 1
Who shall vote on School questions 8 4 1
Change Senatorial Districts when 3 2 3
Apportionment of Representatives 3 3 2
Governors Salary by twothirds vote 5 12
Salaries of Judges Attorneys and Solicitors
General 6 13 2
Substitute another officer for School Commissioner 8 2 1
Establish Courts 6 11
Abolish Courts not named in Constitution 6 20 2
Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts 6 4 2
Authorize formation of Voluuteer Companies 10 1 2
Require Fire Insurance Companies to make deposit 3 12 4
Subject corporate property to public use when 4 2 1
Sell States property 7 13 1
Make donations to University of Georgia 8 6 1
Make donations to College for colored people 8 6 1
Amend Constitution in manner provided 13 11
Call Constitutional Convention as provided 13 1 2
177
General Assembly Oontinued
SHALL BY LAW
Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt
Protect citizens in their rights
Provide penalty against Lottery Agents
Provide penalty against Lobbying
Prohibit furnishing Liquor on election days
Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee
Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor Compel Insurance Companies to report to Governor
Regulate Freight and Passenger tariff
Enforce provisions against monopolies etc
Establish uniformity in local tribunals
Provide for selection and compensation of j urors
A Sinking Fund
For letting Public Printing to highest bidder
Setting apart and valuation of Homestead
For appeals in Superior and City Courts
SHALL NOT PASS ANY LAW
To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press
Respecting social status of citizens
Of Attainder ex post facto impairing contracts
Making irrevocable grants of special privileges
To revoke grants to injury of creditors or corporators
Of special nature when general law provides
Varying general law affecting private rights without
consent
In violation of Constitution of Georgia or the United
States
Referring to more than one matter or different from
title
Incorporating companies except for class named
Relieving against recognizances except as stated
Authorizing Street Railroad in city without citys
consent
For benefit of particular corporations except on
conditionsU
Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another County or City to aid persons or corporations
Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts
Granting donation or gratuity to persons or Corporations
Extra compensation to officer or contractors
See Tax
A s p
1 1 20
1 1 25
1 2 4
1 2 5
3 5 1
5 2 5
1 2 6
3 12 5
4 2 1
4 2 7
6 9 1
6 18 23
7 14 1
7 17 1
9 4 1
6 4 6
1 1 15
1 1 18
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 3
1 4 1
1 4 1
1 4 2
3 7 8
3 7 18
3 7 19
3 7 20
4 2 3
7 6 1
7 11 1
7 16 1
7 16 2
178
A S P
God may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience 1 1 12
Governor an officer of the Executive Department 5 1 1
Executive powers vested in 5 1 2
Salary term and limitations of terms of office 5 12
Election installation and terms of election of 5 1 14
Of by the Legislature when 5 15
Qualification and oath of 5 1 710
Death resignation or disability of 5 1 8
Secretary and Clerks of 5 1 19
Is Commander of the Army and Conservator of the
Peace 5 111 12
May adjourn the Legislature when 3 7 24
Call Extra Session of the Legislature 5 1 13
Direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1
Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties 5 1 12
Remove disabilities 5 1 12
With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Require services of AttorneyGeneral 6 10 2
Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislature 5 1 13
Fill vacancies in other offices 5 1 14
Offices of J udges and Solicitors General 6 12 1
Appoint State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Judge to preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
Commission Notaries Public exofficio Justices of
Peace 681
Examine and publish Report of Comptroller and
and Treasurer 7 15 1
Proclaim result of Election on Constitution 13 2 2
Cannot appoint member of Legislature to office 3 4 7
A person rejected by Senate when 5 1 15
Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legislature 5 117
Supervision over Executive officers 5 1 18
Government originates with people duty of 1 1 12
Exclusive right of the people to regulate 15 1
Legislative Executive and Judicial Departments
distinct 1 1 23
Support of by taxation 7 1 1
Grants limiting power to tax void 4 1 1
Irrevocable of special privileges void 13 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 13 3
Great Seal of the State use and device of 5 3 1
Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead 9 11
179
H
A S P
Habeas Corpus Writ shall not be suspended 1 1 11
Head of family entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and
amount of 9 1 1
Not subject to levy and sale 9 2 1
Waiver and sale of 9 3 1
Setting apart of to be provided for 9 4 1
Supplemental 9 6 1
Already allowed good against old debts 71
Ordinance effect of 12 1 8
Of 1868 sales of confirmed 9 8 1
Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of 9 9 1
Under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
Under Debtors Act Waiver of 9 5 1
House secure from search except as provided 1 1 16
Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provided 1 19
Of Representativessee Representatives
Household furniture waiver of exemption on 9 3 1
Husbands debts wifes property not liable for 3 11 1
I
Idiots disqualified to vote or hold office 2 2 1
Immunities special not to be irrevocably granted 13 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 13 3
Impeachment power in House of Representatives 8 6 3
Power to tryin the Senate 3 5 3
Chief Justice to preside at trial of 3 5 4
Vote necessary to convict 3 5 4
Effect of conviction 3 5 5
Governor cannot pardon in case of 5 1 12
Imprisonment abuse under forbidden 119
For debt prohibited 1 1 21
For misbehavior in presence of Legislature 3 7 12
Improvement on Homestead is part of 9 2 1
Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand 115 Inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5
Infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 11
Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied 15 2
Insane persons not entitled to vote or hold office 2 2 1
Inspection by Governor of Executive Offices 5 1 18
Installation of Governor 5 1 3
Insurance Department expense of 5 2 4
Companies to make reports to Governor 3 12 5
Chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
180
Insurance DepartmentContinued
a s P
Fire deposit made with Treasury 3 12 4
Foreign and Home Life deposits required 3 12 13
Foreign Life ComptrollerGeneral to license 3 12 2
Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to pay 7 1 1
Intoxicating drinks not to be furnished on election days 2 5 1
Insurrection and invasion in time of Bills may pass
summarily 3 7 7
Tax to suppress 7 11
Bonded debt incurred to suppress 7 12 1
Debts contracted tosuppress 7 3 1
Contracted by city oV county to suppress assumed
by State 7 8 1
Invasionsee Insurrection
Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead 9 3 1
Irrevocable grants of special privileges void 13 2
J
Jeopardy more than once for same offense prohibited 118
Joint obligors suit against where tried 6 16 4
Owner in property State shall not become 7 5 1
Journal each House of the General Assembly shall keep 3 7 4
Original preserved in the office of Secretary of State 3 7 5
Yeas arid nays to be recorded in at request of one
fifth 3 7 6
Yeas and nays to be recorded in when twothird
vote is required 3 7 21
Must show majority of all members voted for bills
passed 3 7 14
Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution 13 1 1
Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature 3 10 1
Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested
in the bonds 6 2 3
Pro hac vice Legislature may authorize 6 4 9
May grant new trials in cases of conviction 12 1
See Supreme Superior and City Courts
Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct 1 1 23
Powers of the State where vested 6 11
Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts void 14 2
Judgment of Impeachment extent of 3 5 5
Of Supreme Court maybe withheld one term 6 2 7
Without verdict of Jury when 6 4 7
Of Courts authority of 12 1 5
Heretofore rendered ratified 12 1 6
181
A S P
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of Superior Cpurt 6 4 1
Of Superior Court appellate 644
Of Ordinary 661
Of Ordinary County matters6 6 2
Of Justices of the Peace 6 7 2
Against homesteads denied 9 2 1
Jury right of trial by an impartial 115
Right of trial by Guaranteed 6 18 1
Judges of law and fact in criminal cases 1 2 1
Appeal from one to another in Superior and City
CourtsI 6 4 6
From Justice of the Peace to 6 7 2
Grand to recommend Commissioned Notary for appointment 6 8 1
Grand and Traverse selection and qualification of 6 18 2
Compensation of how fixedy 6 18 3
Tax by county to pay 7 6 2
Justice of the Peace maybe member of Legislature 3 4 7
Part of Judiciary 6 1 1
Election Commission and removal of 6 7 3
Term of 6 7 1
Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals 67 2
Ex Officio 6 8 1
K
Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption of 9 3 1
L
Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for 9 2 I
Land cases involving title to brought in Superior Court 6 4 1
Cases involving title to tried at what place 6 16 2
Homestead and Exemption on 9 11
Larceny conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1
Law due process of required to affect rights of persons 113 Laws of general nature must have uniform operation 14 1
Of general nature affecting private rights how varied 1 4 1
Unconstitutional are void14 2
For more than one matter or different from title
voida 3 7 8
Majority vote of all members necessary to pass 3 7 14
For tax shall be general 7 2 1
Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone 3 7 17
For borrowing money must be specific 7 4 1
To change County lines must be a general law 11 13
182
LawsContinued
Of general operation
Of United States authority of
Of Georgia authority of
Local and special authority of
See Local also General Assembly
Learning Seminaries of exempt from taxation
Legislative power is in the General Assembly
Executive and Judicial Departments distinct
LegislatureSee General Assembly
Legitimate Children power in Courts
Levy and Sale exemptions from
Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence
Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of
law
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense
Of Conscience not to be controlled
Of speech or press not to be curtailed
Libraries Public may be exempt from taxation
Licentiousness not excused on account of liberty of Conscience
Life person not to be deprived of but by due process of
law
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense
Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court
See Insurance
Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law
Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes
Not to be furnished on Election days
List of witnesses to be furnished defendant on demand
Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of
Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation
Loans to State for casual deficiencies of revenue
County or City for casual deficiencies of revenue
Of Sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer
Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penalty
Publication of before passed
Acts authority of
School Systems existing not affected hereby
Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited
M
Macon and Brunswick Railroad if sold proceeds where applied
A s p
12
12 1 1
12 1 3
12 1 4
7 2 2
3 1 1
1 1 23
3 7 IS
9 1 1
1 2 1
1 1 3
1 1
1 1 12
1 1 15
7 2 2
1 1 13
1 1 3
1 1 8
6 4 1
11 1 3
8 3 1
o 5 1
1 1 5
7 6 2
7 2 2
7 3 1
7 7 1
7 14 1
1 2 5
3 7 16
12 1 4
8 5 1
1 9 4
7 13 1
A
183
Majority of each branch of Legislature constitute quo
rum 3 4
Of all members of each Bouse necessary to pass bill 3 7
Malfeasance in office disfranchises 2 2
Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peace removal for 6 7
Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4
Marriage does not divest wife of her property 3 11
Material furnished Homestead it is liable for 9 2
Matter different from title not to be contained in bill 3 7
Members of General Assemblysee General Assembly
Merger of counties 11 1
Message of Governor 5 1
Mileage of the members of the General Assembly 3 9
Military authority subordinate to Civil 1 1
Commission except in Militia disqualifies for Legislature 3 4
Service commutation for goes to Public Schools 8 3
Companies Volunteer organizations 10 1
Companies Volunteer paid only when called by
StateI 10 1
Militia officers may be members of Legislature 3 4
Governor is commanderinchief of 5 1
District one Justice of the Peace for each 6 7
District one commissioned Notary for each 6 8
Organization of may be provided for 10 1
Paid only when called out by State 10 1
Minors family of entitled to Homestead 9 1
Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead 9 2
Misconduct of member of Legislature how punished 3 7
Mistrial in criminal cases authorizes a second trial 1 1
Money not to be donated by State to any church etc 1 1
Illegal holders of public disqualified for office 2 4
Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature 3 4
Authority and manner of drawing from Treasury 3 7
Borrowed by State laws for and use of 7 4
Monopoly provisions against 4 2
Municipal Corporationsee City
N
Names of children changed by Courts 3 7
Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7
Navy of State Governor is Commander of 5 1
New trial in criminal cases authorizes second trial 1 1
In criminal cases may be granted on conviction 1 2
May be granted by Superior and City Court 6 4
4
14
1
3
5

1
8
5
13
1
19
7
1
2
3
n
l
li
l
l
l
3
1
1
1
g
U
l
7
11
1
4
18
18
11
8
1
6
184
NewContinued
A S P
Counties not to be formed 11 1 2
Notaries Public commissioned part of Judiciary 6 11
Appointment commission and powers 6 8 1
Novation of charter what shall so operate 4 2 3
O
Oath of voter if challenged 2 12
Of member of General Assembly 3 4 5
Of Governor 6 1 10
To pleas 6 4 7
Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 13 2
Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2 6
Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4 1
Who may not hold 2 2 1
Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 3 5 5
Profiting from use of public money disqualifies for 7 9 1
Conviction of Dueling disqualifies for 2 4
ligious opinion does not disqualify for Ill
In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator disqualified for 3 4 7
Malfeasance in disfranchises 2 2 1
Officers are trustees of the people and amenable to them 111
Of one department disqualified to act in another 1 1 23
Peturns of election of where made 2 6 1
Of State or the United States disqualified for Legislature 3 f 4 7
Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator 3 4 7
Of General Assembly who are 5 11
Of Executive Department who are 3 8 1
Of Executive Department report suspension and
removal ofi 5 1 18
Profiting from use of public fund punishable 7 9 1
Extra compensation to after service prohibited 7 16 2
Not to be interested in Public Printing 7 17 1
Not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1
Of County election removal and disqualification of 11 2 1
Of county to be uniform except Commissioners 113 1
Now existing to continue till successor qualified 12 1 7
Order passed by Legislature must have Governors approval j 5 1 17
Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by
twothirds vote 3 7 13
Must have but one subjectmatter and same as title 3 7 8
Of the Convention authority of 12 1 3
M CO
185
OrdidancesContinued
A s P
Of the Convention to have effect of laws 12 1 8
See Ordinances in Appendix
Ordinary Courts of parts of Judiciary 6 11
Courts of jurisdiction of 6 6 1
Term of office 6 6 3
Origin of Government is with the people 11 1
P
Papers secure from search and seizure except as provided 1 1 16
Pardon removes political disabilities of convict 2 2 1
Of Duelists removes political disabilities of convict 2 4 2
Power in Governor must report to the Legislature 5 1 12
Passage of bills readings necessary 3 7 7
Of Bills majority of all members necessary 3 7 14
Passenger Tariffrestriction on 4 2 15
Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2
Affidavit relieves from costs in Supreme Court 6 ii
rax tor support of 7 6
Paysee Compensation Salary
Peace soldiers not to be quartered in hotiSi in time of 1 1 19
Governor is conservator of 5 1 12
Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court 6 4 1
Per dim of members of the Legislature 3 9 1
Perquisites not allowed officers Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1
From use of pub ic funds by officers punishable 7 9 1
Persons and property to be protected by Government 112
Not to be molested ior religi us opinions 1 1 13
Rights not to be affected but by due process of law 113 May prosecute or defend in person or by attorney 114
Charged with offenses rights of 1 1 5
Life or liberty not to be jeopardized but once for
same crime 118
Houses and papers secure from illegal search 1 1 16
Personalty amount of exemption of from levy and sale 9 11
Petitions and remonstrance right of guaranteed 1 1 24
Pleas under oath in certain cases required 6 4 7
Police of the State right of people to regulate 15 1
Power not abridged in favor of corporations 4 2 2
Policyholders in Life Insurance Companies protected 3 12 13
Poll tax not to exceed one dollar 7 2 3
Goes to educational purposes 8 3
186
A S P
Practice in courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Precincts for elections how changed 3 7
President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce 3 5 j1
Must sign acts 3 7
Per diem 3 9 1
Presides in joint session 3 jq j
Acts as Governor when 5 18
Press liberty of not to be curtailed 1 l 15
Printing public to be let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Prisoners not to be abused 1 19
Tax for support of by counties 7 6 2
Private ways to be allowed only on compensation paid 13
Acts authority of 2 1 4
Rights accrued by law authority of 2 l
Privileges special not to be irrevocably granted 13 2
Special not be revoked so as to do injustice 13 3
Probate jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 1
Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals 3 7 4
Of courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rights 113
Proclamation of Governor calling extra session 5 1 13
Of Governor on ratification of Constitution 13 2 2
Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5
Prolongation of Legislative session by twothirds vote 3 4 6
Resolutions not submitted to Governor 3 7 23
Promissory notes suits on where tried 6 16 5
Property of person not to be molested for religious
opinions 1 1 13
Protection to shall be impartial and complete 112
Not taken for public use without compensation 131
Concealed by debtor to be reached by law 12 6
Of wife not subject to husbands debts 3 n 1
List of exempt from tax 7 2 2
Amount of exempt from levy and sale 9 1 1
Protection to person and property paramount duty of
Government 1 1
Prosecution rights of defendants in cases of 1 1 5
Provision waiver of exemption of restricted 9 3 1
Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises 2 2 1
Officer not to receive profit from use of 7 9 1
Treasurer not to receive profit from use ofj 5 2 5
See Money
Public use of private property without compensation
prohibited 13 1
Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6
187
PublicContinued
A S 9
Buildings tax by county for authorized 7 6 2
Debt and institutions tax for 7 11
Property charitable institutions and libraries exempt from tax 7 2 2
Printing let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Printing officers of Govornment not to be interested in 7 17 1
School systemsee Education 8 11
Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Journal of General Assembly 3 7 4
Receipts and disbursements of Treasury 3 7 11
Intention to introduce Local Bills 3 7 15
Reports of Secretary of State Comptroller and
Treasurer 7 15 1
Proposed amendment to Constitution 13 1 1
Punishment for crime by whipping or banishment prohibited 1 T
For contempt by Courts limited 1 1 20
Not to be cruel or unusual 1 1 9
Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund 7 14 1
Money homestead liable for 9 2 1
Purchaser of old homestead how affected 9 8 1
a
Qualification for Governor 5 17
For Senator 2 5 1
For Representative 3 6 1
Each House to judge of as to its own members 3 7 1
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 6
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor and
AttorneyGeneral 6 14 1
County officers 11 2 1
Quarantine tax by county for expenses of 7 6 2
Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majority 3 4 4
Of Supreme Court 6 2 1
R
Railroad may be incorporated by Legislature 8 7 18
Freights and Tariff subject to legislation 4 2 1
May build branch roads free from conditions of 4 2 3
Shall not deceive public as to rates 4 2 5
See Corporations
Railway Street not to run in City without its consent 3 7 20
188
Rates of freight and passage subject to legislation 4 2 1
Public not to be deceived as to amount charged 4 2 5
Realty Homestead of 9 11
Rebate of rates charged by Railroad not allowed 4 2 5
Recognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture of 3 7 19
Reelection Governor not eligible for four years after
two terms g j 2
Registration of Electors may be required by law 2 2 1
Rejection of nomination by Senate effect of 5 l 15
Of bill by Legislature effect of 3 7 13
Religious opinion civil and political rights not affected
by 1 1 13
Denomination not to receive money from State 1 1 14
Worship places of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Remittance of sentence in power of Governor 5 1 12
Of forfeited Charter only on conditions 4 2 3
Remonstrance and petition right of guaranteed 1 1 24
Removal of legislator from district vacates his seat 3 4 8
Of disabilities in power of Governor 5
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
Of Justice of the Peace for malpractice 6 7 3
Of County Officers 11 2 1
From office effect of Impeachment 3 5 5
repealing law form of 3 7 17
Reports of Insurance Companies to the Governor3 12 5
Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governor 7 15 1
Representatives election and term of 3 4 j2
Qualification of g g
House of part of General Assembly 3 1 1
Number and Apportionment of members of 3 3 1
Apportionment how changed 3 3 2
Representatives House of Speaker of how elected 3 6 2
Clerk of compensation and bond of 3 3
Impeaching power vested in t 3 g g
Local and Special bills must originate in 3 7 15
Appropriation and Revenue bills must originate in 3 7 10
Journal ofsee Journal
Representation of Constitutional Conversion apportionment of 13 1 2
Reprieve in power of Governor 5 1 12
Residence requisite to vote 2 1 2
Resignation of Governor who acts in case of 5 18
Resolutions of Appropriation must be passed by yeas
and naysJ 3 7 l2
189
ResolutionsContinued
Requiring Governors approval
Requiring a twothirds vote yeas and nays must be
recorded
Having effect of law result of rejection
Retroactive legislation prohibited
Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge
for itself
To whom made
Of Governor how made
Of Governor how published
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer
On Ratification of Constitution
Revenue bills must originate in House of Representatives
Deficiencies of in State supplied by loans
Deficiencies of in County or City
And roads County Commissioners for
Rights not enumerated are not denied
Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary
Tax for keeping up by County
And revenue County Commissioners for
S
Sailor in TJ S Service not entitled to vote because not
stationed here
Salary of Governor
Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolicitorsGeneral
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts how
changed
Of State School Commissioner
Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debt
Exemptions from
Of homesteads how affected
Of old homesteads how affected
Of old homestead heretofore made ratified
Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme
Court
Scire Facias writ of issued by Judge SuperiorCourt
Schools Public how established by city or county
Public existing local system not affected
Not public may share school fund when
See Education
Seal Great use and design of
Search of persons houses and papers warrant for
Seconds in Duel on conviction disqualified for office
A s p
5 1 17
3 7 21
3 7 13
1 3 2
3 7 1
2 6 1
5 1 4
5 1 5
5 2 1
13 2 2
3 i 10
7 3 1
7 7 1
11 3 1
1 5 2
6 6 1
7 6 2
11 3 1
2 1 2
5 1 2
5 2 2 34
6 13 1
6 13 2
8 2 1
7 13 1
9 1 1
9 3 1
9 9 1
9 8 1
6 2 5
6 4 b
8 4 1
8 5 1
8 5 1
5 8 1
1 1 Iff
2 4 2
190
A S P
Secretary of State returns of election to be made to 2 1 9
Officer of Executive Department 5 11
Election of 5 2 1
Salary and Clerk hire of 5 2 3
Eligibility and Bond of 5 2 6
Perquisites to forbidden 527
Is keeper of Great Seal 5 3 1
Senate compensation and bond of 3 8 1
Governor compensation of 5 1 19
Securities on forfeited recognizances when relieved 3 7 19
Seizure of persons and papers provisions against 1 1 16
Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Senate is a branch of General Assembly 3 11
Consists of 44 members 3 2 1
May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue bills 3 7 10
Impeachments to be tried before 3 5 3
Senate nomination rejected by effect of 5 1 15
President and Secretary ofSee President and Secretary
Senatorial Districts number composition and change of 3 2 123
Senators number not to be increased 3 2 3
Election and term of 3 4 12
Qualificatio 1 of 3 5 1
Sentence commuted or remitted by Governor 5 1 12
Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime
prohibited 1 1 17
Sessions of General AssemblySee General Assembly
Of Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of Superior Court 6 4 8
Of JusticesCourt 6 7 2
Setting aside homestead laws to be p y led for 9 4 l
Shares in one corporation not to be bongut by another to
monopolize 4 2 4
Shows special tax on goes to educational purposes 8 3 1
Sinking fund provided for 7 14 1
Site of county how changed 11 1 4
Slavery forbidden 1 1 17
Social status of citizens not subject of legislation 1 1 18
Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except
when 1 1 19
Of U S not to vote on account of being stationed
herev 212
Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates 7 11
191
A S P
RolicitorGeneral term of office and duties of 6 11 12
Election by the Legislature 6 12 1
Salary of 6 13 1
Qualification of 6 14 1
Speaker of House of Representatives how elected 3 6 2
Must sign Acts 3 7 13
Per diem of 3 9 1
Acts as Governor when 5 1 8
Special law not to be enacted when provision is made
by general law 14 1
Changing general law in particular cases how passed 14 1
For benefit of corporation conditional 4 2 3
Election of Governor 5 1 9
See Local
Speech Liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
State aid to corporations or persons in any manner
prohibited 7 5 1
State aid by donation prohibited 7 16 1
To religious donation prohibited 1 1 14
Printer office abolished 7 17 1
State School Commissioner election and term 8 2 1
Statement of Treasurer to be published 3 7 11
Stockholder In corporation State county or city not to
beI1 7 56 1
Street railroad not to run in city without consent of authoritiesi 3 7 20
Suits may be brought by or against counties 11 1 1
Against State to test void or Confederate bonds prohibited 7 11 1
See Venue
Superior Court is part of Judiciary 6 11
Jurisdiction of exclusive 6 4 1
Jurisdiction of general and appellate 6 4 34
Jurisdiction of to issue extra writs 6 4 5
Appeal and new trials in 6 4 6
Appeal from Ordinary to 6 6 1
Appeal from Justices to 6 7 2
Sessions of 6 4 8
Judge one for each circuit and term of 6 3 1
Election of 6 12 1
Salary and qualification of 6 1314 1
May change venue when 6 17 1
May preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
May preside in City Court when 6 5 1
Appoints Notary Public ex officio Justice of the Peace 6 8 1
Sanctions sale of Homesteads 9 38 1
Supplemental Homestead laws to be provided for 9 5 1
192
A S 1
Supreme Court part of Judiciary 6 i i
Constitution of 6 2
Jurisdiction sessions and practice 6 2 5 67
Cost in and paupers affidavit 6 21
Judges election and term 6 2 4
Judges election and vacancies how filled 6 12 1
Salary and qualification of 6 13 14 1
When disqualified in parricular case 6 2 2
Suspension from office of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
T
Tax to be paid before voting 2 1 2
Defaulters ineligible to legislature 3 4 7
By county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness 7 7 2
By county or city for school purposes8 4 1
By county limited to certain purposes 7 6 2
May be imposed by Legislature for what purpose 7 11
Must be uniform ad valorem and by general law 7 2 1
On domestic animals of vicious nature 7 2 1
Exemptions from other exemptions void 7 2 24
Poll for educational purposes 7 2 5
Special for educational purposes 5 3 1
States power to impose not to be restrained 4 1 1
Of corporations not to be surrendered 7 2 5
To raise a Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Lien good against Homestead 9 2 1
v s Act authority of 2 1 3
Act must originate in the House 3 7 1
Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legisla
turet 3 7 18
Terms of office of Governor 5 1 o
Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court g 3 o
Justice of the Peace 6 7 1
Ordinary 6 6 3
Attorney and SolicitorGeneral 6 1011 1
State School Commissioner 8 2 1
County officers u 2 1
Members of General Assembly 3 4 1
Testimony criminating himself witness not obliged to
mi i 8iveI it 6
Title law must not contain matter different from 3 7 8
To land cases involving where brought 6 16 2
193
TitleContinued
A 8 P
To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior
Court 4 1
Treason what is and how convicted of 12 2
Conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1
Pardon respite or commutation for 5 112
Treasurer election and term of office 5 2 1
Examination by Governor 5 1
Officer of Executive Department5 11
Removal of 5 1 18
Salary and Clerks hire of 5 2 2
Perquisites not allowed 2 7
Fee other than salary not allowed to 5 2 5
Bond and qualification of I 5 2 6
To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies 3 12 4
To make quarterly reports to Governor 7 15 1
And Governor authorized to loan Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Draw money from Treasury in what manner 3 7 11
Treaty force and authority of 12 1 1
Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defend
ant vtpHOft 1 1
By jury remains inviolate 6 18 1
Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform 11 3 1
Trustees of the people public officers are 11 1
Th University of Georgia may accept donations etc 8 6 1
Families of minor children entitled to Homestead 9 11
U
Unexpired term of Governor special elections 5 1 9
Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and
SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1
Uniformity required in operation of general laws1 4 1
In county officers and tribunals 11 3 1
In courts of same grade 6 9 V
In taxation 7 2 1
University oi Georgia appropriation to 8 6 1
United States Constitution acts in violation of void 1 4 2
Treaties and laws authority of 12 1 1
Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here 2 1 21
V
Vacancy in office of Governor 5 18
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 6 3 2
Judge Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor
Generalh 6 12
194
VacancyContinued
Members General Assembly
Governor may fill when not otherwise provided Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is interested
Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit
Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for
Venue in cases of divorce
Of land titles
Of Equity
Against joint obligors acceptors indorsers etc
Civil and criminal generally
Civil and criminal changed how
Verdicts judgments without when
First and second in divorce cases
Veto of Governor overruled by twothirds vote
Viva voce voting by General Assembly
Void bonds of State not to be paid
Volunteer companies organization of
Not paid unless called out by State
Vote by the people shall be by ballot
Who is entitled toOath of voter
Who not entitled to
By General Assembly to be viva voce
Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be
recorded
Of twothirds being required does not do away with
Governors approval
Of twothirds overrides Governors veto
Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted
to Governor
Of General Assembly in elections must appear in House Journal
W
Waiver of Homestead
Of old exemption
War bonded debt may be increased for purposes of
Debt of county or city for may be assumed by State Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of
Quartering soldiers in house in time of
Tax to defend State in time of
Warrant for search how obtained
Ways private may be granted after compensation paid
Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited
Western Atlantic R R if sold proceeds how applied
A 8 p
5 1 13
5 1 14
6 2 3
7 11 1
9 4 1
6 16 1
6 16 2
6 16 3
6 16 45
6 16 6
6 17 1
6 4 7
6 15 1
3 7 23
3 10 1
7 11 1
10 1 2
10 1 3
2 1 1
2 1 2
2 2 1
3 10 1
3 7 21
3 7 23
3 7 23
5 1 17
3 10 1
8 3 1
9 5 1
7 12 1
7 8 1
7 3 1
1 1 19
7 1
1 1 16
1 3 1
9 3 1
7 13 1
195
A S P
Whipping as punishment for crime prohibited 117
White and colored public schools to be separate 8 1 1
Widows pensions provided for 7 1 1
Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 1
Wild Land Clerk compensation of 5 2 4
Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendants as to 115
Not compelled to criminate themselves 116
Two necessary to convict of treason 12 2
Worship of God may be according to conscience 1 1 12
Place of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Y
Yeas and Nays to be Recorded in Journal
At request of onefifth 3 7 6
On appropriation bills and resolutions 3 7 12
When twothirds vote is required 3 7 21
On amendments to Constitution 13 1 1
i
193
Title Continued
To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior
Court
Treason what is and how convicted of
Conviction of disfranchises
Pardon respite or commutation for
Treasurer election and term of office
Examination by Governor
Officer of ExecutiveDepartment
Removal of
Salary and Clerks hire of
Perquisites not allowed
Fee other than salary not allowed to
Bond and qualification of
To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies
To make quarterly reports to Governor
And Governor authorized to loan Sinking Fund Draw money from Treasury in what manner
Treaty force and authority of
Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant
By jury remains inviolate
Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform
Trustees of the people public officers are
The University of Georgia may accept donations etc Families of minor children entitled to Homestead
U
Unexpired term of Governor special elections
Judges of Supreme Court
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and
SolicitorsGeneral
Uniformity required in operation of general laws
In county officers and tribunals
In courts of same grade
In taxation
University of Georgia appropriation to
United States Constitution acts in violation of void
Treaties and laws authority of
Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here
V
Vacancy in office of Governor
Judge of Supreme Court
Judge of Superior Court
Judge Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor
General
A S P
6 4 1
1 2 2
2 2 1
5 1 12
5 1
5 1 IS
5 1 1
5 1 18
5 2 2
5 2 7
5 2 5
5 2 6
3 12 4
7 15 1
7 14 1
3 n i 11
12 l 1
1 1 5
6 18 1
11 3 1
1 1 1
8 6 1
9 1 1
5 1 9
6 2 4
6 12 1
1 4 1
11 3 1
6 9 1
7 2 1
8 6 1
1 4 2
12 1 1
2 1 2r
5 1 8
6 2 4
6 3 2
6 12 1
194
VacancyContinued
A 8 P
Members General Assembly 5 1 13
Governor may fill when not otherwise provided 5 114
Validity of bonjds not to be tried by Judge who is interested 6 2 3
Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit 7 11 1
Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 1
Venue in cases of divorce 6 16 1
Of land titles 6 16 2
Of Equity 6 16 3
Against joint obligors acceptors indorsers etc 6 16 45
Civil and criminal generally 6 16 6
Civil and criminal changed how 6 17 1
Verdicts judgments without when 647
First and second in divorce cases 6 15 1
Veto of Governor overruled by twothirds vote 3 7 23
Viva voce voting by General Assembly 3 10 1
Void bonds of State not to be paid 7 n 1
Volunteer companies organization of 10 1 2
Not paid unless called out by State 10 1 3
Vote by the people shall be by ballot 2 1 1
Who is entitled toOath of voter 2 12
Who not entitled to 2 2 1
By General Assembly to be viva voce 3 10 1
Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be
recorded 3 7 21
Of twothirds being required does not do away with
Governors approval 3 7 23
Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7 23
Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted
to Governor 5 1 17
Of General Assembly in elections must appear in
House Journal 3 10 1
W
Waiver of Homestead 8 3 1
Of old exemption 9 5 1
War bonded debt may be increased for purposes of 7 12
Debt of county or city for may be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of 7 3 1
Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1 19
Tax to defend State in time of 7 1
Warrant for search how obtained 1 1 16
Ways private may be granted after compensation paid 13 1
Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited 9 3 1
Western Atlantic R R if sold proceeds how applied 7 13 1
195
A 8 P
Whipping as puuishment for crime prohibited 117
White and colored public schools to be separate 8 1 1
Widows pensions provided for7 11
Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 1
Wild Land Clerkcompensation of 5 2 4
Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendants as to 1 1 5
Not compelled to criminate themselves 116
Two necessary to convict of treason 12 2
Worship of God may be according to conscience 1 1 12
Place of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Y
Yeas and Nays to be Recorded in Journal
At request of onefifth 3 7 6
On appropriation bills and resolutions 3 7 12
When twothirds vote is required 3 7 21
On amendments to Constitution 13 1 1