Manual of the General Assembly, 1894-1895

UNIVERSI OE GEORSIA LIBRARIES

Executive Department
STATE OF GEORGIA
W Y ATKINSON
JAMES W WARREN j RICHARD JOHNSON FRANK CALLOWAY
C B CONYERS
ALLEN D CANDLER
WILLIAM A WRIGHT ROBERT U HARDEMAN
WILLIAM J SPEER
R T NESBTTT
Governor
Secretaries
Clerks Executive Department
Secretary of State
ComptrollerGeneral
State Treasurer
Assistant Treasurer
Commissioner of Agriculture
MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF
THE SENATE OF GEORGIA
1894
President
WM H VENABLE 35th District Atlanta President Pro Tempore
C H BRAND 34th District Lawrenceville Secretary
WM CLIFTON7 Darien
Assistant Secretary
CHARLES S NORTHEN Atlanta Journal Clerk
J TROUP TAYLOR Atlanta
Calendar Clerk
C A GRADOT Savannah
Reading Clerk
J C NISBET Trenton
Engrossing Clerks
J E MARTIN Madison
J J REYNOLDS Waynesboro
Message Clerk
ALBERT FOSTER Madison
60460
6
First DistrictChatham Bryan and Effingham W WOSBORNESavannah
Second DistrictLiberty Tattnall and McIntosh
W W SHEPPARDLong Branch
Third DistrictWayne Pierce and Appling
S R HARRISIJesup
Fourth DistrictGlynn Camden and Charlton
J J UPCHURCHWainwright
Fifth DistrictCoffee Ware and Clinch
LEON A WILSON Waycross
Sixth DistrictEchols Lowndes and Berrien
M J McMILLAN Alapaha
Seventh DistrictBrooks Thomas and Colquitt
J B NORMAN Jr ILennox
C CBUSH
Eighth DistrictDecatur Mitchell and Miller
Ninth DistrictEarly Calhoun and Baker J E MERCER
Colquitt
Leary
Tenth DistrictDougherty Lee and Worth
WL STORY Warwick
Eleventh DistrictClay Randolph and Terrell
J B BUSSEY Cuthbert
Twelfth DistrictStewart Webster and Quitman
J EVERETT HARRISOakgrove
Thirteenth DistrictSumter Schley and Macon
E B LEWIS Montezuma
Fourteenth DistrictDooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge BALDY RYALS Eastman
Fifteenth DistrictMontgomery Telfair and Irwin
GEO K WILCOX Irwinville
Sixteenth DistrictLaurens Emanuel and Johnson
J L KEEN Dodo
Seventeenth DistrictScreven Bulloch and Burke
U P WADE ISylvania
Eighteenth District Richmond Glascock and Jefferson BRYAN GUMMING Augusta
Nineteenth DistrictTaliaferro Greene and Warren
C E McGREGOR Warrenton
7
Twentieth DistrictBaldwin Hancock and Washington
RUFUS W ROBERTSMilledgeville
Twentyfirst DistrictTwiggs Wilkinson and Jones
W J HARRISONIBig Sandy
Twentysecond DistrictBibb Monroe and Pike
N E HARRIS Macon
Twentythird DistrictHouston Crawford and Taylor
B W SANFORD Everett Station
Twentyfourth DistrictMuscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
t P MONRO Buena Vista
Twentyfifth DistrictHarris Upson and Talbot
B H WILLIAMS Hamilton
Twentysixth DistrictSpalding Butts and layette
W C BEEKSGriffin
Twentyseventh DistrictNewton Walton Clarke Oconee and
Rockdale
W J MORTON Athens
Twentyeighth DistrictJasper Putnam and Morgan
W A BROUGHTONMadison
Twentyninth DistrictWilkes Columbia McDuffie and Lincoln
C C SNEAD Parnell
Thirtieth DistrictOglethorpe Madison and Elbert
DR N G LONG iElberton
Thirtyfirst DistrictHart Habersham and Franklin
W R LITTLECarnesville
Thirtysecond DistrictWhite Dawson and Lumpkin
M G BOYDDahlonega
Thirtythird DistrictHall Banks and Jackson
T S JOHNSON Jefferson
Thirtyfourth DistrictGwinnett DeKalb and Henry
C H BRAND Lawrenceville
Thirtyfifth DistrictClayton Cobb and Fulton
W H VENABLEAtlanta
Thirtysixth DistrictCampbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas BION WILLIAMSWoodbury
Thirtyseventh DistrictCarroll Heard and Troup
E R SHARPE IICarrollton
8
Thirtyeighth DistrictHaralson Polk and Paulding
J W McGARITY Day
Thirtyninth DistrictMilton Cherokee and Forsyth
B H BROWN Oscarville
Fortieth DistrictUnion Towns and Rabun
DR W H McCLUREHiawassee
Fortyfirst DistrictPickens Fannin and Gilmer
THOS W CRAIGO Ellijay
Fortysecond DistrictBartow Floyd and Chattooga
W H LUMPKIN Cartersville
Fortythird DistrictMurray Gordon and Whitfield TRAMMELL STARR Dalton
Fortyfourth DistrictWalker Dade and Coosa
G W M TATUM
Trenton
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE SENATE
RELIEF OF SUPREME COURT
Osborne Gumming Chairman Harris of the 3d
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Cumming Beeks Little Chairman Tatum Morton
Harris of the 3d Mercer
Upchurch McGregor
RULES
President Ex Officio Chairman Harris of the 22d Sanford
Cumming Wilson ACADEMY OF THE BLIND
Long McClure Lewis Monro Chairman Ryals Keen Snead
10
McMillan Story Harrison Craigo PUBLIC ROADS Mercer Chairman Little Brown Keen
Cummingr Morton MANUFACTURES Norman Chairman Williams 36th Johnson
Tatum Harrison Little Monro Ryals Harris 12th Story McClure PENITENTIARY Sanford Chairman Sheppard Wilcox Williams 25th McMillan Bussey Snead Broughton Bush
Norman
Upchurch McClure Morton HALLS AND ROOMS Story Chairman Johnson Keen Lewis
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LUNATIC ASYLUM
Roberts Chairman
Broughton Bussey
Harris 12 th McClure
Osborne McMillan
Lewis Cumming
Story Harrison McGregor FINANCE Lewis Chairman
Long Morton
Lumpkin Sanford
Wilson Upchurch
Harris 22d Ryals
Broughton Wilcox
Roberts Little
Starr Williams 25th Brown
MINES AND MINING
Tatum Chairman
Uittle Boyd
McClure Brown
Harris 3d Mercer Wilson Brown
TEMPERANCE
Boyd Chairman
Osborne
Sharpe
Williams 36th
12
STATE LIBRARY
Wade Chairman
Upchurch Snead
Starr Johnson
Roberts Sanford
PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR
Bush Chairman
McMillan Harrison
Osborne Williams 36th
GENERAL JUDICIARY
Harris 22d Chairman
Wilson Harris 3d
Cumming Bush
Wade Brand
Bussey Starr
Beeks Little
Sheppard Snead
Monro Boyd
Roberts Osborne
ENGROSSING
Cumming Chairman
Sheppard Boyd
Mercer Wilson
JOURNALS
Harris 12th Chairman
Monro Bussey
Beeks Roberts
13
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
Harrison Chairman
Norman Story
McGregor Wilcox
CORPORATIONS
Brand Chairman
Cumming Harris 22d
Long Sharpe
SPECIAL JUDICIARY
Harris of 3d Chairman
Bush McGregor
Cumming Williams 25th
B W Sanford
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC
Wilcox Chairman
Harris 3d Harris 22d Lumpkin
Keen
McGregor
PRINTING
Ryals Chairman
Sharpe Craigo
Harris 12th McGarrity
Harris 12th Brand Norman Bush
McGarrity
14
Starr Morton Osborne Bush EDUCATION Beeks Chairman Broughton Craigo Brand Monro
Sharpe Wilcox PUBLIC PROPERTY Wilson Chairman Roberts Craigo
Harris 3d Sharpe Boyd Tatum Mercer PUBLIC SCHOOLS Lumpkin Chairman Bush Norman Wilon Craigo Williams 36th MILITARY AFFAIRS
Osborne Sneed Beeks W W Sheppard Chairman Broughton Ryals
Lewis AUDITING Starr Chairman Keen
i
AGRICULTURE
Broughton Chairman
Sanford
Ryals
Harrison Monro Lumpkin Wilcox Williams 25th
Mercer
Boyd
Harris 22d McGarrity Sheppard Keen
PETITIONS
McMillan Chairman
Bush Snead
Monro Johnson
ENROLLMENT
Sharpe Chairman
Harris 22d Sanford
Harris 12th Story
Beeks
Sharpe
Lumpkin
Osborne
Broughton
BANKS
Long Chairman
Wade
Snead
Lewis
16
RAILROADS
W W
On naming
Beeks
Monro
Starr
Harris 3d
Mercer
Morton
Broughton
Wade
Osborne Chairman
Wilson Sheppard Tatum Harris 22d Lewis
Craigo
Snead
McMillan
Long
IMMIGRATION AND LABOR
Bussey Chairman
Tatum Roberts
Boyd Williams 36tn
Wade Wilson
ACADEMY OF DEAF AND DUMB
McClure Chairman
Harris 12th
Norman
Tatum
Long
E B Lewis Story
Wade
Williams 25th Bussey McGregor Johnson
THE PRESIDENT
Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend irrelpesin evant debate and command silence whenever he may deem itdentneedful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the Senate the President Resident shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the Senatesha11 voteshall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minors ity will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote senator to
Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the same decided time the President shall name the Senator entitled to proceed president
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Presi pregident dent unless otherwise ordered by the Senate comrnittees
Rule 5 The method of stating the question or any motion by Method of the President shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when anresi decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result
Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting name any President Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of stators16 that sitting but no longer t0 preside
Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall be abDuty 0f sent the President pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be whentary absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order Absent
20
When no debate on appeals
Appeals to be made at once
Power of President to suspend subordinate officers
When President may order galleries and lobbies cleared
No quorum voting duty of president
When President may order vote taken by yeas and nays
Decision on questions of priority
and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be electedr which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate
Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same tothe Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises
Rule 11 The President shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate
Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the Senate the President may order the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by theSecretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and if any Senator present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the Senate
Rule 13 The President may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted
Rule 14 All questions as to the priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the President without debate
21
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate or conduct of deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from his seat and indebate respectfully address himself to Mr President He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall im mediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate Appeals shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the Senate by a Expulsion twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by ayes and nays
Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words spoken Exception the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by thesp0ken Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken
Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from priSilence vate conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat
Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other when Modeof they may have occasion to take notice of their observations butingsenamay designate them by the districts they represent
Rule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the reshaiinot suit of which he is personally interested and in every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken
Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a Protests protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest
22
shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the Duty while motive of tiie Senate nor any member thereof spTaktag8 Rule 21 No Sector shall pass between the Chair and a Senfoudrnmeitator while he is spiking nor shall any Senator at the time of teauspiring adjurnment leave his seat until the President retires commip8 Rule 22 No 8enator 8allJ debate refer to any private private1 conversation tad with another Senator or to any matters which tionVnotato aVe transPired n any committee or in the Senate he referred Rule 23 Applause or hisses in the Senate chamber or in the Appiause galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings forbidden be promptly suppressed
durinbate Rlde 2 during the calling or reading of yeas and nays on yeas and any question no debate shall be had
P j Rule 25 No Senator can make more than one motion at a motion can time and while the motion is being put to the Senate he must a time resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President
Expiana J Rule 26 No Senator having asked and obtained leave of the Senate to explain his vote on any question before the Senate shall be allowed more than ten minutes for such explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the Senate
papers8 of Rule 27 When the fading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate
fSto Rule 28 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting must be
made male before the Senate divides or before the call of the yeas and Excuses nays s cmmenced and it shall be decided without debate except mt that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
divisiona Rule 29 An one Senator may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it howS1made Rule Tlie Senator calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the questoin divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire
23
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Rule 31 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order Bms and in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill called in or resolution the second or third time the Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced
Rule 32 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the Question first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill be com reading mitted or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the Secretary and the bill shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In eases whereEffectof the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of the bill rert the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is ad
verse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the portof question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee
If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost
If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be
r j a u Hm when
passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn
withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate
Rule 33 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the TransmisHouse on the day of the passage thereof unless a majority of the Houseby Senators present shall so order vote
Rule 34 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto
Rule 35 All bills and resolutions shall be written or printed jHggg and shall have the name of the Senator introducing the same tobein as well as the district he represents indorsed on the back of the How ln same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be horsed indorsed on the same
Rule 36 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and J0ePof reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate
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PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
order of Rule 37 When any subject is before the Senate for conprecedence giafjonor under debate no motion shall be received except the following to wit
1st A motion to adjourn
2d A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
5 th A motion to postpone to a day certain
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amend
Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Not debat Rule 38 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable may bhen nor sa motion be made a second time until further progress renewed has been made in the business before the Senate
When Rule 39 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time is debatable
made Rule 40 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time
when the Senator moving it can legimately obtain the floor to order0t Rule 41 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be wow put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Effect of Rule 42 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form preadjourn r r
ment vails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day or time in
course
Hour of ad Rule 43 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed bv a iournment J
What busi prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the Senate is beinff ness post it
pones taken by the yeas and nays the session shall continue until the
final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been
m
sustained and before tbe vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE
Amendment or
Rule 44 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on substitute
the table shall be in order g 011 ta
Rule 45 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the How mat table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other jmaybe measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been table ordered to lie on the table
Rule 46 A motion to lay on the table or to take fromWhenrethe table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Rule 47 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the mo Not debat
j able or
tion to take from the table is debatable or amendable amendable
Rule 48 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table ex Whatman cepting what can be taken up again
Rule 49 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the when m motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
Rule 50 The motion for the previous question shall be de Effect of
x a previous
ciaed without debate andshalltake precedence of all other motions question
except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on thetable can still be made but they must be made before the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment ar
ves
26
Twenty Rule 51 When the previous question has been ordered the debateal Senate sha11 then proceed to act on the main question without lowed debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule
taken1 52 After the main question is ordered any Senator
may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may nlyla Onecal1 Br the 7eas and uays 5 but on all questions on which the S2y neees yeas and nays are called the assent of onefifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the Journal mainques 53 The effect of the order that the main question be
ordered1Dg now Pu s t bring the Senate to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved erationM Rule 54 After the main question has been ordered no moorderin on to reconsider shall be in order until after the vote on the
main question is taken and announced election Rule 55 In all cases of contested election where there is a majority and a minority report from the committee on privileges and elections if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
fmToralled ue 5b The previous question may be called and ordered dered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection
Cali of the Rule 57 A call of the Senate shall not be in order after the when in previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present
27
Rule 58 All incidental questions of order arising after a mo Questions of order
tion is made for the previous question and pending such motion
shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Rule 59 When a bill resolutions or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely E ect postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Rule 60 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the Notamend whole question for debate but it cannot be amended able
Rule 61 Whiles the motion to indefinitely postpone takes whencan precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to ap commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Rule 62 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed Notre on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once newed been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Rule 63 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be Debate postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined howaf11 strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one daylowe is preferred to another
MOTION TO COMMIT
Motion to
Rule 64 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill commit resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee Prece
Rule 65 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes dence ofprecedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and
shall be first voted on when de
Rule 66 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be datable allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated How
Rule 67 A motion to commit may be amended by adding in amended structions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion
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Motion to recommit
Rule 68 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a buorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
Amend Rule 69 There are three ways in which a proposition may be ments how j J
made amended to wit
1st By inserting or adding words
2d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three oi the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
rfected Rule 70 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate for substitute consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute iatetot0 Rule 71 An amendment cannot be offered after the report oi amend the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered
writing11 Rule 72 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Priority Rule 73 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Blanks Rule 74 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend
Caption Rule 75 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall
when 1 x
amended not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected
29
Rule 76 When a proposition consisting of several sections or Amending resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a by sections motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it
Rule 77 When a motion is made to amend by striking out Amend and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as it is then strikmg the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it serting would be if amended
Rule 78 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a Priority of paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall nmntto be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Rule 79 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Amending Senate has been amended in the House and is beforethe Senate amendfor action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended See rule 136it must be agreed to or voted down
Rule 80 A motion to amend an amendment made by the priority House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Rule 81 The questions which arise before the Senate respect priority of
H questions
urn amendments by the House to a Senate bill or resolution are on House
o J Tr amend
lst A motion to agree to the House amendment ments
2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment
3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the above order
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 82 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be Motwnto read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter
30
as has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed shall not Rule 83 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be drawn1 withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might when originally have been made
whenthere Rule 84 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once
may dc one
ationSider Rule 85 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order imwhen in mediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day sue order ceeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Amend Rule 86 The action of the Senate upon an amendment may when re reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section considered or resolution to which it relates
Place of Rule 87 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the Calender f00 0f calendar of bills then inorder for a third reading
ABSENTEES
Morning
coilcall
dispensed
with by
majority
vote
Names of absentees noted
Rule 88 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a majority vote of the Senators present
Rule 89 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Power io Rule 90 The power to compel the attendance of Senators in tendance1 rler to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate sergeant The Messenger of the Senate shall be ex officio SergeantatArms atarms 0f genate5 and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid c
31
CALL OF THE SENATE
Rule 91 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose call how
ordered
the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or when the Subsequnt President shall officially state the fact to the Senate it shall be in ings order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Rule 92 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall be an Messages nounced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 93 Messages may be received at any time while the door Messages
is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva ceived and r 7 r A considered
voce vote is being taken A message shall be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate
Rule 94 After a motion is stated by the President or read by Motions the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate
Rule 95 Anv member presenting a petition memorial or re Petitions
memorials
monstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name etc
and object of the petitioner moralist or remonstrant which shall
be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred
without reading
32
Rule 96 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order
No debate J 0
of business shall be decided without debate
Motions Rule 97 Any motion not privileged containing new matter
fegenvi shall lie at least one day on the table
Record Rule 98 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Not neces Rule 99 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall not ond motion be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate
Commit Rule 100 After the announcement of the standing committees find when no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the reeniarged qUggt 0f a maj0rity of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Privileges Rule 101 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the floor genate except the Senators and officers thereof the officers
and members of the House the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the committee on the privileges of the floor
Duty of Rule 102 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary
Rule 103 The hour to which the Senate shall stand adjourned every day shall be 10 oclock A m of the succeeding day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
Rule 104 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate
Rule 105 All writs warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attested by the Secretary
Rule 106 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President to execute the de
Adjourn
ment
Motion for yeas and nays not debatable
Signature of President and Secretary
Duty of Messenger
33
mands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President
Rule 107 The Messenger under the direction of the Secretary shall superintend thedistribution by the Pages of all documents ocumerns and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute etcto the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 108 No committee shall deface or interline a bill reso interlineation for
lution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report bidden any amendments recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 109 No pairing of members shall be recognized or al Pairing lowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 110 Whenever any Senator moves that a Committee of committee J of Confer
Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the ence
number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President
Rule 111 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Rule 112 No motion on a subject different from that under Motionconsidertion shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order
Rule 113 All reports of a Committee shall be in writing and Majority the minority of a committee may make a report in writing set ty ting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
Rule 114 Every motion to alter the rules of the Senate or what mo
J J tions lie on
Tor information from the Executive or departments shall lie on table
the table one day
34
Changing Rule 115 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretaryshall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question privilege Rule 116 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and themtegnty of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn
Elections Rule 117 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice
ting money Rule 118 No bill or resolution appropriating money nays called suall become a law unless upon its passage the veas andJ
Must originayS are al ed and recorded All bills for raising revenue homeV 0r aPProPriating money must originate in the House of tivesta Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
ment to Rule 119 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of tion enter twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an
journals act 0r resolutlorb the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amendment to Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon
titid only0 Rule 120 The first and second reading of local bills
bniscal gw consist of the reading of the titles only unless said bill is ordered engrossed
Ssl Rule 121 Th Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall give bond befbre entering on their duties as such take an oath before their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate
35
Rule 122 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before entering upon the discharge of their respective duties shall engrossing take an oath before the President of Senate to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of Senate until such clerk has been examined by the Enrollbe ing Committee and certified to be competent and well committee qualified for the discharge of the duties required of him commendand shall be removed at any time upon recommendation of competent the Enrolling Committee
Rule 123 When there is a meeting of both branches of the secretary General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall enter on onjounais the journalof the Senate the proceedings of the same fnt
COMMITTEES
Rule 124 The President shall appoint the following standing committees
General Committee on Judiciary for consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Judiciary for the consideration of special or local bills
Committee on Finance
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Railroads
Committee for Relief of Supreme Court
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on Internal Improvements
Committee on Agriculture
Committee on Privileges and Elections
Committee on Petitions
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Journals
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Banks
Committee on Education
Committee on Public Schools
Committee on Deaf amcPDumb Asylum
36

Committee on Blind Asylum
Committee on Lunatic Asylum
Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on Auditing
Committee on Public Printing
Committee on Immigration and Labor
Committee on Temperance
Committee on Public Property
Committee on Public Library
Committee on Privileges of the Floor
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on the Hall and Committee Rooms
Committee on Rules of which the President shall be ex officio Chairman
Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment Committee on Public Roads
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 125 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Report of Committee on Journals
4 Reading the Journal
5 Confirmation of the Journal
6 Motions to reconsider
7 Unfinished business
8 Special orders
9 Presentation of Petitions
10 Reports of standing committees
11 Reports of select committees
12 Messages from the Governor
13 Messages from the House of Representatives
14 Introduction of bills the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays of each week
15 Reading House bills first time for reference
16 Reading bills favorbly reported by the Committees third time on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week
17 Consideration of bills adversely reported from committee on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week
37
18 Reading of bills second time favorably reported from committee on Mondays and Saturdays of each week
19 Motions and Resolutions
20 General orders but messages from the Governor and
House of Representatives and reports from all Committees may
be received under any order of business Questions
H not pro
Rule 126 When any question arises which is not provided lorvidedfor
in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules
usually governing parliamentary bodies
Rule 127 Any one of the foregoing Rules may be suspended
by a twothirds vote of the Senators a quorum being present
and voting thereon
39
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION
1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise
2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretaryk
3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret
4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books
5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file
6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by
40
the Governor for any office which requires the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate
7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world and that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION
41
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION
1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law
2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purposes of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice
4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock A m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected
5 The first business in order for said joint session shall be the election of Judges of the Supreme Court and after that Judges and Solicitors of the various circuits Before the election of Judges and Solicitors shall be commenced
42
the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall prepare slips of paper of the same size on which he shall write the names of the various circuits for which elections are to be held and place the same in a box and hand the same to the President of the Senate who shall without inspecting the said slips of paper draw them out one at a time and when each slip is drawn said President of the Senate shall announce to the joint session the name of the circuit drawn and the election for Judges and Solicitors of said circuit shall be in order if either or both said offices are vacant The President of the Senate shall continue to draw out the names of circuits from said box until all of said Judges and Solicitors are elected ActsCode page 49
6 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives
7 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly
8 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate
9 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks
10 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is tleclared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office
11 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote
43
unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote has been recorded by mistake
12 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order
13 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former
14 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate
15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened
16 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber
17 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session
18 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same
Officers and F ember
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
OFFICERS
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
18941895
WILLIAM H FLEMING
CLARENCE WILSON
MARK A HARDIN
W H HARRISON
C C THOMAS
GUERRY BRANNAN
J D MUNNERLYN Jb
W D REID
C M GRAY
J L DOZIER j
JAMES R SMITH
MOSES MARTIN I
Speaker
Speaker pro tem
Clerk
Assistant Clerk
Journal Clerk
Calendar Clerk
Message Clerk
Enrolling Clerk
Engrossing Clerks
Messenger
Doorkeeper
LIST OF MEMBERS
OP THE
House of Representatives
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED
name postoffice
Allen J R Talking Rock
Anderson J F Cornucopia
Atkinson Burwell Tartmrff
Arnold A J Monroe
Armstrong J W Washington
Awtrey John Acworth
Bailey D J Jr Griffin
Battle Charlton EColumbus
Baggett J B Reedy Springs
Barnes J A Augusta Ga
Bennett J W of Wayney JesuP
Bennett G D of JacksonJefferson
Bell R S Preston
Blalock HC Blalock
Bloodworth J P Lewiston
Boifeuillet Jno T Macon
Boynton J L Morgan
Boyd J H Jr Thomson
Boyett WS Lumpkin
Branch M I Berzelia
Branan C I Atlanta
Broyles Arnold Atlanta
Brown T L of Washington Davishoro
Brown J P of Pulaski Hawkinsville
Burwell WH 1 Sparta
Burnett G W McWhorter
Burch R P Hiawassee
Bush IA Camilla
50
NAME POSTOFFICE
Caldwell JohnGreenville
Clements J C of Montgomery Spring Hill
Clement L L of Milton Ocee
Collins J M Collins
Coleman J A iRountree
Collier H JStatenville
Cook Ariel of DecaturAttapulgus
Cook Wm M of Fayette Stop
Cureton G WRising Fawn
Davison R AWoodville
Dempsey T JJackson
Dennard J J Edna
Dodson W AAmericus
Doolan J J Savannah
Dorough J H Cordele
Durham R LElder
Edenfield H G Millen
Ennis E N Jr Milledgeville
Espy J F Buford
Farmer L MNewnan
Florence H A Stinson
Fletcher H T Ocala
Fleming Wm H Augusta
Fouche R T Rome
Fink G A Euharlee
Fogarty D G Augusta
Ferguson J T Ferguson
Franklin C L Nacoochee
Futrell L C Roberta
Fullwood J SFullwood Springs
Fussell John Kirkland
Gaines J LFlowery Branch
Giles A S Fort Valley
Gilreath J H Cartersville
Gibson W OFolkston
Gray C G of HoustonFort Valley
Gray C W of CatoosaGraysville
Gray W J of Paulding Hiram
Gregory S AHasslers Mill
Griffin J J Oostanaula
Greer R L of Macon Oglethorpe
Greer S D of Harris Ellerslie
Hall H A Newnan
Harrell W MBainbridge
51
NAME POSTOFFICE
Harrison Wm Georgetown
Harvey Richard Maulden Branch
Hill A 0 Bronwood
Hodges Robert Macon
Henderson J R Cumming
Hightower T Damascus
Hopkins H W Thomasville
Howell E P Atlanta
Hogan J R Agnes
Hodge M T Hawkinsville
Houston W J iNorth Decatur
Holbrook JT Bold Spring
Holland R Marietta
Hudson E Mimsville
Humphreys WS Quitman
Hutcherson Thos Jr Canton
Hughes T Blairsville
Hurst M FSocial Circle
Jarrell J W Frederick
Jenkins H AEatonton
Johnson F M of Hall Gainesville
Johnson John of TaliaferroWhite Plains
Jones E R of Dougherty Albany
Jones C J of Dodge Eastman
Latham J L Campbellton
Lee Gordon Chickamauga
Longley J A Dalton
Lovett R T Wrightsville
Law J W Riceboro
Martin I A Shellman
Mallette M R Boston
Marchman J H The Rock
Mansfield Jos Darien
Meadow D W Danielsville
Melton GT Baxley
Mell T S Athens
Murrah J A Carrollton
Middlebrook L L Covington
McDonald W A Waresboro
McElmurrv J F Alexander
McMichael Morgan Columbus
3fcDaniel J D Pierceville
McCurry A G Hartwell
MeGough R C Forsyth
52
NAME
McCurdy J W
McClure R B
McWhorter J H Moore S L Jr of Bulloch Moore H D of Clayton Moore O A of Heard
Montfort D T
Neely R C
Newton George F
Owen J C
Parker J T
Peeples H L
Perkins M T
Pitman J H
Pittard I A
Pope J J
Price W P
Pool P R
Polhill Hope
Rawlings B T
Redding J P
Reagan E J
Reece J H
Roberts O G
Rockwell T D
Salter G W
Sandeford J W
Shropshire Wesley
Screven Thomas
Sell L F
Shaw P M
Short W J
Spence J R
Smith J M of Clinch Smith A I of Hancock Smith A J of Rockdale Smith W L of Telfair
Spier Wm
Stokes J M C Jr
Symons W P
Sumner J L
Tatum S S
Thompson J K
Traylor R B
postopfice
Stone Mountain Palmour Greshamville Statesboro
Conley
State Line Reynolds
Waynesboro
Obe Byron ville
Prattsburg Lawrenceville Clarkesville
La Grange Winterville
Poplar Springs Dahlonega
Warren ton
Macon Sandersville
Barnesville
McDonough
Rome
Monticello
Savannah
Bartow
Midville
Summervill
Savannah
Hoschton Adel
Brantley
Carrollton
Homerville
l Devereaux
Conyers
Neilly
Tusculum
Ellijay
Brunswick Sumner
La Grange
Homer
Chiplayv
53
NAME
Walker E L Wallace W P Walden Wm
West W S
Wheatley Thornton Wilson Clarence Wilkin P E Williams J E Wilkinson W K Willingham B S Worley J N Wright Moses Wren E P Wynne Wm Yaughn J T
POSTOFFICE
Blackshear
Eutledge
Grange
Valdosta
Americus Ft Gaines
Colquitt Ellaville Cusseta Forsyth Elherton Eome Wrens Washington Twiggsville
MEMBERS
OF THE
House of Representatives
BY Counties with their Postoffice
COUNTY NAME postoffice
Appling G T Melton Baxley
Baker E L Hudson Mimsville
Baldwin E N Ennis Jr Milledgeville
Banks J K Thompson Homer
Bartow 1 J H Gilreath Cartersville
G A Fink Euharlee
Berrien F M Shaw Adel
Bibb Hope Polhill Macon
H R T Hodges
Cl i
Brooks W S Humphreys Quitman
Bryan Richard Harvey Maulden Branch
Bulloch S L Moore Jr Statesboro
Burke R C Neely Waynesboro
U J W Sandeford Midville
U J F McElmurry Alexander
Butts T J Dempsey Jackson
Calhoun J L Boynton Morgan
Camden Burwell Atkinson Tarboro
Campbell J L Latham Campbellton
Carroll J A Murrah Carrollton
U J R Spence Carrollton
Catoosa C W Gray Graysville
Charlton W 0 Gibson Folkston
Chatham J J Doolan Savannah
U T D Rockwell 6
Thos Screven
56
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE
Chattahoochee W K Wilkinson Cusseta
Chattooga Wesley Shropshire Summerville
Cherokee Thos Hutcherson Jr Canton
Clarke T S Mell Athens
Clay Clarence Wilson Fort Gaines
Clayton H D Moore Conley
Clinch 1 J M Smith Homerville
Cobb R N Holland Marietta
CC John Awtrey Acworth
Coffee s John Fussell Kirkland
Colquitt George F Newton Obe
Columbia M I Branch Berzelia
Coweta L M Farmer Newnan
CC H A Hall si
Crawford L C Futrell Roberta
Dade G W Cureton Rising Fawn
Dawson R B McClure Palmour
Decatur W M Harrell Bainbridge
ic Ariel Cook Attapulgus
DeKalb W J Houston North Decatur
CC J W McCurdy Stone Mountain
Dodge Chas J Jones Eastman
Doolv J C Owen Byronville
U J H Dorough Cordele
Dougherty i E R Jones Albany
Douglas G W Burnett McWhorter
Early T E Hightower Damascus
Echols H J Collier Statenville
Effingham Wm Spier Tusculum
Elbert J N Worley Elberton
Emanuel J A Coleman Rountree
Fannin J D McDaniel Pierce ville
Fayette W M Cook Stop
Floyd R T Fouch Rome
CC Is
CC Moses Wright CC
Forsyth J R Henderson Cumming
Franklin J T Holbrook Bold Spring
Fulton Evan P Howell Atlanta
Cl Arnold Brovles sc
CC C I Branan CC
Gilmer Jno M C Stokes E Hi jay
Glascock Wm Walden Grange
Glynn W F Svmons Brunswick
57
COUNTY
Gordon
Greene
Gwinnett
U
Habersham Hall
Hancock
U
Haralson Harris
Hart
Heard
Henry
Houston
u
Irwin
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
a
Johnson Jones
Laurens
Lee
Liberty
Lincoln
Lowndes
Lumpkin
Macon
Madison
Marion
McDuffie
McIntosh Meriwether
U
Miller
Milton
Mitchell
Monroe
name postoffice
Jno J Griffin Oostanaula
R E DavisonWoodville
J H McWhorterGreshiamville
H L Peeples Lawrenceville
J F EspyBuford
M T Perkins Clarkesville
F M JohnsonGainesville
John L Gaines Flowery Branch
A I SmithDevereaux
W H Bur well Sparta
J J PopePoplar Springs
R B TraylorChipley
S D GreerEllerslie
A G McOurryHartwell
0 A Moore State Line
E J ReaganMcDonough
C G GrayFort Valiev
A S Giles
H T FletcherOcala
Geo D Bennett Jefferson
L F Sell Hoschton
0 G RobertsMonticello
C W SalterBartow
R P WrenWrens
R T LovettWrightsville
John F Anderson Cornucopia
J R BaggettReedy Springs
J T FergusonFerguson
JW LawRiceboro
J R Hogan Agnes
W S West Valdosta
W P PriceDahlonega
R L Greer Oglethorpe
D W MeadowDanielsville
W J ShortBrantley
J H Boyd Jr Thomson
Jos Mansfield Darien
Jno CaldwellGreenville
H A FlorenceStinson
P E WilkinColquitt
L L ClementOcee
I A Bush Camilla
B S WillinghamForsyth
R C McGough
58
COUNTY
Montgomery
Morgan
Murray
Muscoge
Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe
Paulding Pickens
Pierce
Pike
Polk j Pulaski
u
Putnam Quitman
Rabun
Randolph Richmond
t

Rockdale
Schley
Screven Spalding Stewart
Sumter
a
Talbot
Taliaferro
Tattnall
Taylor
Telfair Terrell Thomas
Towns Troup
U
Twiggs
Union
Upson
NAME POSTOFFICE
J C Clements Spring Hill
Wm P Wallace Rutledge
S A Gregory Hasslers Mill
Morgan McMichael Columbus
C E Battle
X L Middlebrook Covington
R T BnrViflrri Elder
1 H Pittard Winter ville
Frederick
Wm J Gray Hiram
J R Allen Talking Rock
TT T Wiillrftr Blackshear
Barnesville
J I Full wood 1VT T TToHofA Fullwood Sprgs Hawkinsville
T P Thrown 1C
H A Jenkins Eatonton
Georgetown
TT P TliilnpV Blalock
Shellman
W H Fleming n 4 Enorfirtv Augusta ll
John A Barnes U
A J Smith Conyers
J R Williams Ellaville
Millen
Griffin
W S Boyett Lumpkin
Thornton Wheatley Americus
W A Dodson i Prattsburg
J T Parker
Jno Johnson White Plains
T TVT rinllins Collins
D T M op Reynolds
W L Smith Neilly
A C Hill Bronwood
H W Hopkins Thomas ville
M R Mallette Boston
R p PnriVh Hiawassee
J H Pitman LaGrange

J T Vaughn Twiggsville
T1 f TTnclifiS Blairs ville
J H Marchman The Rock
59
COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE
Walker Gordon Lee Chickamauga
Walton M F Hurst Social Circle
11 A J Arnold Monroe
Ware W A McDonald Waresboro
Warren F R Pool Warrenton
Washington B T Rawlings Sanders ville
u T L Brown Davisboro
Wayne John W Bennett Jesup
Webster R S Bell Preston
White 0 L Franklin Nacoochee
Whitfield J A Longley Dalton
Wilcox J J Dennard Edna
Wilkes William Wynne Washington
U J W Armstrong
Wilkinson I J P Bloodworth Lewiston
Worth J L Sumner Sumner
standing Committees
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE
Moose of Reprsentttves
AGRICULTURE
GENERAL COMMITTEE
Mr Brown of Pulaski Chairman
Ferguson Law
Allen Latham
Bell McDaniel
Clements of Montgomery McGough
Collins McCurdy
Coleman McClure
Dennard Moore of Clayton
Durham McDonald
Franklin McWhorter
Fletcher Owen
Futrell Pittard
Greer of Harris Pool
Gaines Roberts
Gibson Sandeford
Gregory Shaw
Hill Smith of Hancock
Henderson Smith of Rockdale
Harvey Smith of Telfair
Howell Stokes
Hudson Thompson
Jones of Dodge Walden
Jarrell Vaughn
AGRICULTURE
SPECIAL
Mr Armstrong Chairman
McElmurry
Anderson
Awtrey
Blood worth
Boyett
Burnett
Coleman
Collier
Cureton
Davison
Dorough
Florence
Fullwood
Fussell
Gray of Houston Gray of Paulding Griffin
Hightower
Hodge
Holbrook
Hogan
Houston
Hughes
Hurst
Johnson of Taliaferro Latham
Lovett
Malle tte
Marchman
Martin
Mansfield
Melton
Middlebrook
Moore of Heard Neely
Newton
Peeples
Price
Rawlings
Redding
Reece
Smith of Clinch Traylor
Wheatley
Wilkin
Wilson
AUDITING
Mr Dodson Chairman
Pittard Parker
Cook of Decatur Perkins
Ennis Sumner
Latham Wren
McCurdy
65
BANKS
Me Hodges Chairman
Wheatley Harrell
Clements of Montgomery Houston
Cureton Hutcherson
Davison Martin
Doolan Moore of Bulloch
Durham McCurry
Ennis Neely
Florence Parker
Fouch Pitman
Gilreath
CORPORATIONS
Mr Middlebrook Chairman
Dempsey Melton
Atkinson McClure
Branch Owen
Burwell Polhill
Caldwell Perkins
Clement of Milton Rawlings
Cook of lecatur Reece
Cook of Fayette Sandeford
Edenfield Symons
Fogarty Spence
Ferguson Walker
March man
ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND
Me Huest Chairman
Boifeuillet Hudson
Burwell Lovett
Blalock Montfort
Edenfield Murrah
Fussell Rawlings
Gaines Smith of Rockdale
Gray of Paulding Thompson
66
COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS
Mr Wright Chairman
Redding Moore of Heard
Bennett of Jackson McClure
Brown of Washington Neely
Cook of Fayette Newton
Durham Parker
Florence Pittard
F ussell Smith of Telfair
Futrell Sell
Hudson Shaw
Hill Short
Martin Vaughn
Melton
EDUCATION
Mr West Chairman
Bennett of Wayne Johnson of Hall
Awtrey Law
Armstrong Latham
Boifeuillett Lee
Bush McDonald
Espy Martin
Farmer McElmurry
Gilreath McDaniel
Gibson McWhorter
Henderson Pope
Holland Price
Hutcherson Spence
Hurst Smith of Hancock
Hughes Wilkin
Hodge of Pulaski Williams
Tones of Dougherty
67
EXCUSES OF MEMBERS
Mr Walker Chairman
Williams Salter
Burch Sell
Gray of Houston Spence
McGough Newton Thompson
ENROLLMENT
Mr Mell Chairman
McMichael Mallette
Awtrey Moore of Bulloch
Allen Pope
Boyd Pool
Bailey Screven
Burwell Smith of Rockdale
Blood worth Stokes
Edenfield Shropshire
Fullwood Wright
Greer of Macon Willingham
Hightower Wynne
Longley
68
FINANCE
Mr Boynton Chairman
Boifeuillet Hodges
Awtrey Howell
Barnes Johnson of Hall
Boyett Lee
Brown of Pulaski Mallette
Brown of Washington Marchman
Branan Meadow
Branch Mell
Burnett McMichael
Caldwell Neely
Dempsey Owen
Edenfield Parker
Fink Perkins
Florence Price
Franklin Reagan
Gray of Houston Reece
Gray of Catoosa Smith of Hancock
Greer of Macon Symons
Gray of Paulding Screven
Hall Tatum
Harrell Wallace
Hill Wheatley
Henderson Wright
Hogan Wren
HALLS AND BOOMS
Mr Houston Chairman
Marchman Mell
Gray of Catoosa McMichael
Gibson Short
Johnson of Taliaferro Wilkinson
69
HYGIENE AND SANITARY AFFAIRS
Wallace
Atkinson
Collier
Holbrook
Hurst
Hughes
Mr Anderson Chairman
Montfort
McCurdy
McDonald
Owen
Salter
Spence
IMMIGRATION
Mr Farmer Chairman Broyles Middlebrook
Bennett of Jackson McGough
Boyett Smith of Telfair
Gibson Spier
Murrah Wheatley
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
Blood worth
Allen
Atkinson
Arnold
Boyett
Blalock
Burch
Mr Fogarty Chairman Collins
Dorough
Griffin
Sell
Short
Smith of Clinch JOURNALS
Mr Arnold Chairman
Polhill
Caldwell
Fink
Mo re of Heard Melton
Meadow
Roberts
Symons
Salter
Tatum
Walker
Wallace
JUDICIARY
GENERAL COMMITTEE
Mr Jenkins Chairman
Fouche McDaniel
Arnold McMichael
Bailey McWhorter
Battle Moore of Bulloch
Broyles Pitman
Bush Polhill
Burweil Reagan
Dodson Reece
Farmer Rockwell
Fogarty Short
Hall Spence
Harrison Sumner
Hodge Tatum
Hodges Traylor
Holland West
Hopkins Willingham
Humphreys Wilson
Jones of Dougherty Wilkin
Meadow Wilkinson
Mell Middlebrook Worley JUDICIARY SPECIAL
Mr McCurry Chairman
Giles Pitman
Bennett of Wayne Polhill
Greer of Macon Redding
Gray of Paulding Shropshire
Hall Wright
Johnson of Hall Williams
Longley Montfort Walker
71
LABOR AND LABOR STATISTICS Mb Branan Chairman
Doolan Pool
Cureton Pope
Coleman Shaw
Fletcher Wren
Newton
LUNATIC ASYLUM
Mr Humphreys Chairman
Hopkins Moore of Clayton
Anderson Moore of Heard
Bell Montfort
Boyd Mrrah
Boyett Owen
Burwell Peeples
Collier Pittard
Cook of Decatur Roberts
Doolan Shaw
Dorough Smith of Telfair
Ennis Smith of Clinch
Fletcher Spier
Gibson Stokes
Greer of Macon Traylor
Greer of Harris W alker
Gregory Walden
Hill Wilkinson
Hughes Willingham
Hutcherson Worley
Lee Wright
McDaniel
72
MANUFACTURES
Mr Barnes Chairman
Howell Franklin
Bell Fussell
Burch Greer of Harri
Collins Davison McElmurry
MILITARY AFFAIRS
Mr Bailey Chairman
Symons
Barnes
Bennett of Jackson Broyles
Boyd
Bennett of Wayne Cook of Fayette
Espy
Hodges of Bibb Hall
Pitman
Screven
Salter
Wheatly
MINES AND MINING Mr Perkins Chairman
Price Gregory
Blalock Hutcherson
Cureton Johnson of Hall
Fink Stokes
Griffin Sell
PENSIONS
Mr Gray of Catoosa Chairman
Harrison Gregory
Baggett Houston
Brown of Pulaski Jones of Dodge
Dempsey Sandeford
Gaines Traylor
Giles Walden
73
PENITENTIARY Mr Reagan Chairman
Redding
Allen
Armstrong
Bell
Bennett of Wayne
Blood worth
Boyd
Brown of Washington Burch
Bur well
Clement of Milton Clements of Montgomery Coleman
Cure ton
Davison
Dorough
Farmer
Fletcher
Fogarty
Franklin
Futrell
Giles
Greer of Harris
Gray of Catoosa
Hall
Harrell
Harrison
Hightower
Hodge
Humphreys
Jarrell
Johnson of Taliaferro Jones of Dougherty Jones of Dodge Latham
Lee
Longley
Law
Mallette
Mansfield
Marchman
Meadow
Melton
Moore of Bulloch McClure
McWhorter
Newton
Parker
Pool
Pope
Salter
San deford
Screven
Sell
Short
Tatum
Thompson
Williams
Wilson
Wren
Vaughn
PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Fouch Mr Harrison Chairman Holbrook
Battle Longley
Barnes Mansfield
Bush McDaniel
Caldwell Polhill
Giles Price
Gilreath Rockwell
Hall Williams
Hogan Wynne
PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR Mr Willingham Chairman Jones of Dougherty Hightower
Burnett Lovett
Branch Mallette
Dodson Martin
Fletcher Spier
Pitman PUBLIC LIBRARY Mr Rockwell Chairman Pope
Harvey Pool
Hogan Reagan
McCurry Sandeford
Boifeuillett PUBLIC PRINTING Mr Doolan Chairman Bran an
Armstrong Fogarty
Baggett Harvey
Boynton Murrah
Blalock Wren
75
PUBLIC PROPERTY Me Broyles Chairman
Dempsey Dennard
Bloodworth Espy
Clements of Montgomery Fink
Collins Futrell
Collier Griffin
Cook of Decatur Peeples
RAILROADS
Mr Battle Chairman
Howell Houston
Arnold Humphreys
Bailey Jenkins
Barnes Johnson of Hall
Bennett of Wayne Lee
Boifeuillet Longley
Boynton Meadow
Branch McCurry
Branan Neely
Brown of Pulaski Peeples
Coleman Pittard
Dennard Rawlings
Dodson Redding
Fouch Rockwell
Fullwood Shropshire
Gray of Houston Walden
Henderson Wilson
Holland Worley
Hopkins
76
ROADS AND BRIDGES
Mr Jones of Dougherty Chairman
Awtrey Roberts
Armstrong Smith of Hancock
Baggett Smith of Rockdale
Bur well Spier
Blalock Shaw
Lovett Moore of Clayton Williams
RULES
H Fleming Speaker Chairman
Jenkins Meli
Boynton McCurry
Branch West
Burnett Davison Reagan
TEMPERANCE
Mb Bush ChairmaD
McDonald McElmurry
Edenfield McGough
Gray of Houston Polhill
Gilreath Peeples
Holbrook Price
Hughes Rawlings
Hurst Reece
Lee Spier
Moore of Clayton Moore of Heard Worley
77
SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF Mr Dempsey Chairman
Reece Jarrell
Boyd Mansfield
Dennard McCurdy
Ferguson McElmtfrry
Fullwood McGough
Gray of Catoosa Shropshire
Harvey Smith of Hancock
Hodges Smith of Telfair
Hogan Sumner
Holbrook Vaughn
Hurst West
STATE OF THE REPUBLIC
Mr Hodge Chairman
Holland Howell
Allen Hightower
Collier Hopkins
Durham Hudson
Ferguson Jarrell
Gaines Symons
Harrell Wilkinson
Hill
WILD LANDS
Mr Bennett of Wayne Chairman
Jones of Dodge Cook of Fayette
Bell Dorough
Brown of Washington Lovett
Burch McDonald
Clements of Montgomery Vaughn
Collins Wilkinson
Cook of Decatur
A CODE
OF
Parliamentary Law
OP FORCE IN THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
Prepared by LOUIS F GARRARD
The Use of this Volume is Respectf ully Dedicated to the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia
Adopted as the Rules of the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia since 1886
ATLANTA GA
Geo W Harrison State Printer The Franklin Printing and Publishing Co 1894
THE SPEAKER
Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend Discretion irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may fSpeaker deem it needful
Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker when shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the fikvote House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member
Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at theRightof
i o in member to
same time the Speaker shall name the persons entitled to iheI00t0
r be decided
proceed I by the
A Speaker
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House committees
Rule 5 The method of stating the question or any motion Method of by the Speaker after the same has been read to the HouseqStoby by the Clerk shall be as follows i All in favor of the motion P will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House
Ihe Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result
Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name speaker nny member to perform the duties of the Chair during any memb rs to part of that sitting but no longer preside
82
Rale 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be
Duty of in
sierakSien absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and it both
isatsent ghal be absentj the Clerk of the House shall call the House to order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease
Appeals Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied orftheruli S with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise spea er respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal
from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of the House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final when no Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal appeals011 character there shall be no debate
Appeals to Rule 10 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall oncade at be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made
when Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from
Iads the decision of the Chair any member after being recogHouSsehe nized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House
Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the
Power of 1 l i x
toesuspend Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect ot nateroffl duty and when such suspension has been made he shall cers report the same to the Honse within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to takein the premises
83
Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the when
Speaker
galleries aud lobbies of the House cleared by the Messen may order galleries
ger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly andiobbies conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the House to be dealt with for contempt of the House
Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject No qurum
i i i voting du
under consideration by the House the Speaker may order ty of
Speaker
the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House
Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the roll when called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays may order where a division of the House discloses the fact that aJseasand quorum of the House has not voted
Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of business to Decision on be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without de of priority bate
ON DECORUM AND DEBATE
Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in debate conduct of or deliver any matter to the House he shall rise from his debate seat and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker
He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall or may call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House Appeals shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first of
84
fence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may beExpulsion expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the mem147 bers which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and recorded on the Journal of the House
Exception Rule 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken3 spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception tothem was taken
Silence Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from
private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking
member shall have taken his seat
j Mode of Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other
inglgmem when they may have occasion to take notice of their obserters
vations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent
Househow Rule 21 No member shall address the House except as
Questions heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a memruptions berwho is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member who is speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent
shall not Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in interested11 the result of which he is immediately and particularly inm resu t or to any case where he was not present when the
question being voted on was put to the House except by permission of the House in every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the
85
contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken
Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing Protests against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof
Rule 24 No member shall smoke in the House nor smoking
ii andcon
shall he converse with any one over the bar thereof vernation
J prohibited
a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at speaking the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker jurnment retires
Rule 26 No member shall in debate refer to any Matters
private conversation had with another member or to any irfsenatef Cmmittees
matters which have transpired in any committee or in the and private
A nnnvArfitn
Rule 27 In nominatine candidates for anv office no Laudatory
Rule 28 Applause or hisses in the Representative charaApplause ber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legis forbidden lative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Rule 29 During the calling or reading of yeas and naysNo debate
Rule 30 No member can make more than one motion only one at a time and while the motion is being put to the House bemadeit
ii a time
he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker
Rule 31 No member having asked and obtained leave Expiaua of the House to explain his vote on any question before the House shall be allowed more than ten minutes for such explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the House
Rule 25 No member shall pass between the Chair and Duty while
member is
Senate
eonverstn not to be referred to
candidate be disparaged
when forbidden
on any question no debate shall be had
during yeas and nays
Reading o
Rule 32 When the reading of any paper is called for
papers anJ same is objected to by any member it shall bo determined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate
when Rule 33 Every member within the hall when a quesshaii vote tion is put shall vote unless he is immediately and particularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A Motion to motion to excuse a member from voting must be made bewhenmadefore the House divides or before the call of the yeas and
except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail
can for a Ride 34 Any one member may call for a division of the division qUestion on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit
HM Rule 35 The member calling for a division must state
v Division D
the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire
visopro contain a distinct or entire proposition
strike out Rule 37 A motion to strike out and insert is an indiand insert
not divis visible proposition ible
cointies Fridays call thecounties for the introduction of new matter beginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet
Excues from vot ing
nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate
DIVISION OF A QUESTION
of it
how made
into how many and definitely what parts he would have
Qualifying
yuamying
paragraph proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not
exception r 07
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Rule 38 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and
87
Rule 39 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced
Rule 40 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other matter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice having beeu given for that purpose
Rule 41 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill be committed or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the bill shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In case of commitment it shall be to a committee of the whole House unless the House shall otherwise direct and bills committed to the whole House shall be considered in Committee of the Whole House In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House
Rule 42 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order
Rule 43 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the House by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the House agreeing thereto
Bills and resolutions called in order
Bill etc when introduced
Question on first reading
Effect oi
favorable
report of
committee
Adverse
report of
committee
Bills when withdrawn
Transmis sion to Senate by majority vote
Bills when printed
88
Committee Rule 44 All proceedings touching the appropriating of
lohuse seem0ney sha11 be considered in the Committee of Whole Rule 107 House
et al
Bills and Rule 45 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing to be in and shall have the name of the member introducing the
writing 11 1 8
dnrsed1 same as weli as the cunty he represents indorsed on the
back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same
Reports of Rule 46 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred tees ordered reported by more than one committee or has been re
of action
ported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House
PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
precedence Rule 47 When any subject is before the House for consideration or under debate no motions shall be received except the following to wit
1st A motion to adjourn
2d A motion to lay on table
3d A motion for the previous question
4th A motion to postpone indefinitely
5th A motion to postpone to a day certain
6th A motion to commit
7th A motion to amend
Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged
MOTION TO ADJOURN
Not debat Rule 48 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatmay be re able nor shall said motion be made a second time until newe further progress has been made in the business before the House
89
Rule 49 A motion to adjourn on a particular day or or Stable6 a particular time jif made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable
Rule 50 The motion to adjourn can be made at any when time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor
Rule 51 A motion to adjourn may be made after thewhennot u motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be nova put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced
Rule 52 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form hBhm prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or menttime in course
Rule 53 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House wausiis being taken by yeas and nays the session shall conpones tinue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the 1 main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution
MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE Amend
ment or
Rule 54 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute cannot be on the table shall be in order bie
Rule 55 A majority of a quorum voting may take from How mat
J A ters may be
the table at any time when the House is not engaged on taken from any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which
has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar
Effect of Rule 56 If the motiou to lay on the table prevails it
table removes from the consideration of the House the measure together with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of
Effectof Rule 57 When the proposition is again taken frotn the TromteWetable it stands before the House in the exact form with all the motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed
When re Rule 58 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes
Not debat Rule 59 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the amendable motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable Member Rule 60 No member having obtained the floor shall be moveto taallowed to submit a motion then move to lay that motion
blehisown inii n i iii n
motion on the table nor shall he be allowed to yield the floor to any other member in order for said member to whom the floor is so yielded to move to lay the motion of the member yielding on the table
what can Rule 61 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table be tabled excepting what can be taken up again
when in Rule 62 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sus tained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order
THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION
Rule 63 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the question shall be
Effect of previous question
91
Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained
If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion P to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour oi adjournment arrives
Rule 64 When the previous question has been ordered Twenty
1 1 t minutes
the House shall then proceed to act on the main question debase ai
without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate
The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the Till or measure
Rule 65 After the main question is ordered any memvote how ber may call for a division of the House in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal
Rule 66 The effect of the order that the main question Effect of
main qut
be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pending tbm being questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved
92
Recoiisid RuIg 67 After the main question has been ordered no when in motion to reconsider shall be in order until after the vote on the main question is taken and announced
election6 ule 68 In all cases of contested election where there is a majority and a minority report from the committee on privileges and elections if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report
How called Rule 69 The previous question may be called and or
and or J
i dered dered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection call of the Rule 70 A call of the House shall not be in order af
Senate
Siein ter the Previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present
Questions Rule 71 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate
MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE
Effect Rule 72 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of the quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session
Notamend Rule 73 The motion to indefinitely7 postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended when can Rule 74 While the motion to indefinitely postpone applied takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain
or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule
Rule 75 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be Not rerenewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down
MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN
Rule 76 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected
Rule 77 If the motion to postpone a bill resolution Effect of or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the votif1 question before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding
Rule 78 This motion to postpone to a day certain may May be be amended by substituting one day for another In thisamended case the timewould be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks
Rule 79 If a day is designated known to be beyond To a day fhe session the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it session had been a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject
Rule 80 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it Debate is not in order to debate the merits of the question pro hownaand posed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shalllowed be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these
Rule 81 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate Motion
or incidental questions but must be applied to the whole ap

bill resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named
MOTIONS TO COMMIT
Motiont to Rule 82 Motions to commit may be made to refer a commit resoiution or other measure to a standing or special
committee or Committee of the Whole House
Prece Rule 83 A motion to commit to a standing committee
takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the Committee of the Whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions when Rule 84 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall
debatable ajowec put where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated
How Rule 85 A motion to commit may be amended by add
amui ed j instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion
Motion to Rule 86 Any proposition that has been referred to any recommit commeej either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum
MOTIONS TO AMEND
I Rule 87 There are three wavs in which a proposition
Amend y L
madeShW may be amended to wit
1st By inserting or adding words
2d By striking out words
3d By striking out and inserting words
An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of theways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment
95
Rule 88 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in Substitute effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute
Rule 89 When a bill or resolution is before the House Bin first for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolutionsubstitute and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute
The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amende and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute
Rule 90 An amendment cannot be offered after the rewheutoo port of the committee to whom was referred the bill Or amend resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so asreeinf to
7 O o
said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered
Rule 91 All motions to amend any matter before the Must be in House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly writing set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added
Rule 92 On all questions whether in committee or in Priority the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put
Rule 93 Where blanks occur in any proposition they Blanks must be filled first before any motion is made to amend
Rule 94 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution caption shall not be considered or amended until the measure has amded been perfected
Rule 95 When a proposition consisting of several sec Amending tions or resolutions is on a final reading and the HouseSeCtln shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or
9
paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committe to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it
Amend Rule 96 When a motion is made to amend by striking rikfngy out and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it serting is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be amended
Rule 97 When a motion is made to amend by striking
Priority of
inufto out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the parperfeet agraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out
Amending Rule 98 When any bill or resolution which originated amend in the House has been amended in the Senate and is be inems fore the House for action on the Senate amendmentan amendment may be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the House amendment to the Senate See rule 136amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down
Priority Rule 99 A motion to amend an amendment made by the Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment
Priority Of Rule 100 The questions which arise before the House ouelenate respecting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or
amend
ments resolution are
1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment
2d A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment
3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amend
ment
97
4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment
5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment
They take precedence in the above order
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 101 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any member whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed
Rule 102 The noticeof a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made
Rule 103 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once
Rule 104 Motion for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action
Rule 105 The action of the House upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates
Rule 106 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calender of bills then in order fora third reading
Motion to reconsider
Shall not be withdrawn when
When there may one reconsideration When in order
Amendments when reconsidered
Place of Calendar
98
COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE
when or Rule 107 The Speaker may resolve the House into a speaker Committee of the Whole without a motion being made therefor whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which see rule 44 is required by the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole
when or Rule 108 The Hohse may resolve itself into a ComtheHouse mittee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose
How found Rule 109 In forming a Committee of the Whole House the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker
Proceed Rule 110 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be first read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered
Rule in Rule 111 The rules of the House shall be observed by
committee
the Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that it cannot refer a matter to any other committee it cannot adjourn J the previous question cannot be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak asoften as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays Debate Rule 112 If at any time in the Committee of the how closed Jj shall be desired to close the debate or to limit
the time to be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the House shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the

committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject
Rule 113 In the event that a Committee of the Whole Time of
tt in how ex
JtlOUSe at any sitting shall for want of time fail to com tended plete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain
Rule 114 Amotion that the committee rise and reMotions to port progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at6 any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise
Rule 115 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in ReconsidCommittee of the Whole
Rule 116 The Committee of the Whole shall not pro Duty of ceed with the business before it whenever a vote on anv iuoruni is
J present
question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House
Rule 117 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole ah memtake part in thq proceedings and he as well as all other voteiniLs members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole
Rule 118 Amendments proposed by the Committee of Amendthe whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House
100
p Rule 119 A Committee of the Whole House cannot
Disorderly
porfedre punish disorderly conduct of its members but must report
the same to the House for action thereon
chairman Rule 120 The Chairman of the Committee of the
galleries61 Whole shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies
cleared cleared up case ot any disorderly conduct therein
Proceed Rule 121 When the Committee of the Whole have
wbenbusi disposed of the bill resolutions or other measures before it
itisfin r bv motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman will isbed
be instructed to report the action of the committee to the
House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do passor do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be
The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other committee
Record Rule 122 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee
Papers Rule 123 When in the Committee of the Whole any called for paper in the possession of the House may be called for by any member and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order Report Rule 124 Amendments offered to an amendment in the
tain result Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House of commit x
tees action tbe report shall contain only the result of the commit
tees action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it

101
ABSENTEES
Morning
rollcall
Rule 125 The rollcall at the opening of each session dispensed
of the House shall not be dispensed with except by a three three1
1 fourths
fourths vot of the members present vote
Rule 126 Upon the call of all members ordinary andNameof extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by notedthe Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal
The Clerk shall also keep in a book accessible to the Gommitteee on Excuses of Members absent without leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leave and the members so absnt without leave unless excused by the House shall not be entitled to draw pay for the time they are so absent
It shall be the duty of the Committee on Auditing toDutof inquire into the matter before passing upon any members Committee account
Excuses of members absent without leave shall be submseof
mitted to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Rule 127 The power to compel the attendance of mem Power to bers in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested intendancethe Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House
The Messenger of the House shall be exofficio SergeantsergeantatArms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House wrhen necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
library
1G2
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Call how ordered Subsequent proceedings
Rule 128 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall be in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall
again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged
CONSTITUTIONAL RULES
What is a quorum Compelling attendance
Oath of members
Rule 129 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each house may provide
Art 3d Sec 4 Par 4
Rule 130 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and
of the United States and on all questions and measure which may come before me I will so conduct myself a will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State
Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5
103
Rule 13 L No bill shall become a law unless it shall re Majority ceive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to pass bmt0
each House of the General Assembly and shall in every instance appear on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14
Rule 132 The yeas and nays on any question shall at Yeas and the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered yonerder
i T fifth of
Oil the Journal members
present
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6
Ride 133 No bill or resolution appropriating money biuorresoshall become a law unless upon its passage the veas and propriating nays in each House are recorded mustpass
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12 nays
Rule 134 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote ofconstitutwothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an thirdsVote
i 1 taken bv
Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof yeas and shall be entered on the Journal
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21
Rule 135 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read Reading of three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only
The third reading of local bills must be full and complete
Art 3j Sec 7 Par 7
Rule 136 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating Revenue money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10
Rule 137 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to one submore than one subjectmatter or contains matter different etcmatlerr from what is expressed in the title thereof
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8
Rule 138 No law or section of the Code shall be amended menauolld
laws and
or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number sections of j Code
104
General laws how varied
Consent and when required
Corporations
Power delegated to courts
Relief of recogniZ tnce
What the general appropriation bill shall contain
of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17
Rule 139 Laws of a general nature shall have uuiform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1
Rule 140 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names or legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18
Rule 141 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19
Rule 142 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other
105
appropriations shall be made by separate bills each em other ap bracing but one subject separate
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9 toills
Pule 143 Neither House shall adjourn for more thanjoum three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn cither or both of them
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24
Rule 144 All elections by the General Assembly shallElectionsbe viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result
Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1
Rule 145 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended EgCadin to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected bynatwoed by either House shall be again proposed during the samethirds vote session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13
Rule 146 The General Assembly meets annually onftedto the fourth Wednesday in October and the House and flfty days Senate are called to order at 10 oclock A m The annual Sessions are limited to fifty days
Art 3 See 4 Par 6
Rule 147 Each House shall be the judge of the election disorderly returns and qualifications of its members and shall have conductpower to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no memExpulsion ber shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds ofthirds TOte the House to which he belongs
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1
106
signature Rule 148 No provision of this Constitution for a twonorwhen thirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall require Cmsruej 0 wajVe the necessity for the signature of the Governoras in any other case except in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23
Governors Rule 149 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the Effect pf same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16
when Gov Rule 150 Every vote resolution or order to which the approve concurrence ot both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented tothe Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by Effect of him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of vote each House
Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17
Twothirds Rule 151 No county site shall be changed or removed quired except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of tho county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4
Twothirds I Rule 152 Any amendment or amendments to this Conquered on stitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Reprements to sentatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirdstionStltu of the members elected to each of the two Houses such pro
107
posed amendment or amendmentsshall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution
When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1
Rule 153 No convention of the people shall be called by Twothirds the General Assembly to revise amend or change the Con quired to
call a Con
stitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the mention
J How called
members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable
Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2
Rule 154 The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have Salaries of out of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office
108
Ma be The eneral Assembly may at any time by a twothirds ahtwoedby vote f each branch prescribe other and different salaries
thirds vote any or all of the aboVe cers but 110 such changes
shall affect the officers then in commission
Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2
Evidence Pule 155 No local or special bill shall be passed unless
locaiand notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been special iTTi
bills must publishedin the locality where the matter or thing to be be submit J
teassageof Reeled may be situated which notice shall be given at same least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed
Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16
MISCELLANEOUS RULES
Messages Rule 156 When a message shall be sent to the House of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Messages Rule 157 Messages may be received at any time while the oeivedrand door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House
Petitions Rule 158 It shall be the order of the day every Wednesday to take up and decide on reports of committees on petitions and all petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they wTere received unless otherwise ordered by a majority of the House
109
Rule 159 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or Motions read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before deecision by consent of the House
Rule 160 Any member presenting a petition memorial Petition or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate etcthe name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 161 The several standing committees of thecommitHouse shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise
Rule 162 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for clerk the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected
Rule 163 The Clerk shall take special care of the books cierk provided for the use of the House
Rule 164 The Committee of Enrollment shall carefully Duties compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting anvonEnroll errors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith to the respective Houses
Rule 165 The rules of this House known as Constitu Suspension tional Rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules ru es shall in no case be suspended nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of threefourths of the members voting
Rule 166 Any motion to suspend the rules or change No debate the order of business shall be decided without debate
Rule 167 Any motion not privileged containing new Motions matter shall lie at least one day on the table feged1
Rule 168 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays Record shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Not necessary to second moton
Committees how and when enlarged
Privileges of the floor
Duty of Committee on Journls
Effect of
unanimous
consent
Members to receipt Clerk for books and papers
Adjournment
Motion for yeas and nays not debatable
110
Rule 169 Where a motion is made by any member it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House
Rule 170 After the announcement of he standing committee no other members shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto except when members have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships
Rule 171 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the committee on the privileges of the floor
Rule 172 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk
Rule 173 The House may by unanimous consent relieve itself from the operation of any rule other than the Constitutional Rules of the House
Rule 174 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a reasonable time or on his demand
Rule 175 The hour to which the House shall stand adjourned every day shall be 10 oclock a m of the succeeding day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the House
Rule 176 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate
Ill
Rule 177 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed signature by Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and suband cierk poenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk
Rule 178 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend Messenger to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker
Rule 179 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk Mesenger 7 duty in dis
shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of alltributing documents and papers to be distributed to the members he ments etc shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them
Rule 180 No committee of the whole or other committee Interlineashall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper bidden referred to said committee but shall report any amendments recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate
Rule 181 No pairing of members shall be recognized orPairin allowed as an excuse for not voting
Rule 182 Whenever any member moves that a Comcommittee
J 1 of Confer
mittee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two ence Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the Speaker shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist only of such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker
Rule 183 After commitment of a bill and report thereof Amend
ments
to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments
112
if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment
Motion Rule 184 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admittedunder color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order
Majority Rule 185 All reports of a committee shall be in writing ity reports and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent
what mo Rule 186 Every motion to alter the rules of the House table116 on or for information from the Executive or departments shall lie on the table one day
Changing Rule 187 On the call of the yegs and nays the Clerk shall read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question
Questions Rule 188 Questions of privilege shall be first those afmm fecting the rights of the House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn
Elections Rule 189 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
COMMITTEES
Rule 190 The Speaker shall appoint the following standing committees
General Committee on Judiciary for the consideration of general bills
113
Special Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special or local bills
Committee on Finance
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Railroads
Committee on Pensions
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on Internal Improvement
Committee on Privileges and Elections
General Committee on Agriculture for consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Agriculture for consideration of special and local bills
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Journals
Committee on Manufacturers
Committee on Military Aifairs
Committee on Banks
Committee on Education
Committee on Deaf and Dumb Asylum
Committee on Blind Asylum
Committee on Lunatic Asylum
Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on Auditing
Committee on County and County matters
Committee on Public Printing
Committee on Immigration
Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation
Committee on Temperance
Committee on Public Property
Committee on Public Library
Committee on Privileges of the Floor
Committee on Wild Lands
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on Roads and Bridges
114
Committee on Labor and Labor Statistics
Committee on Excuses of Members absent without leave Committee on the Hall and Committee Rooms Committee on Rules of which the Speaker shall be ex officio Chairman
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Rule 191 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the Chaplain
2 Call of the Roll
3 Reading the Journal
4 Confirmation of the Journal
5 Motions to reconsider
6 Reports of standing committees
7 Unfinished business of previous session
8 Orders of the day
9 On Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call of the counties for the introduction of new matter
10 House bills for third reading and House bills with Senate amendments
11 House bills for second reading
12 House resolutions
13 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the counties Senate bills for first and second reading shall be in order
14 On Wednesdays immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of committees on petitions shall be in order
15 Bill of Senate for third reading
16 Senate resolutions
17 The reports of the Committee on Enrollment may be made at any time
Rule 192 No change of or addition to these rules shall
Changing
rules be made unless such proposed change or addition be first
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referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House
Rule 193 When any question arises which is not proQuestions vided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be con videci for trolled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
BILL OF RIGHTS
PREAMBLE
To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interests and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution
ARTICLE I
Section I
Paragraph I All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them
Par II Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete
Par III No person shall he deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law
Par IV No person shall he deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the Courts of this State in person by attorney orboth
Par V Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall havo compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall havea public and speedy trial by an impartial jury
Par VI No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any way to criminate himself
Par VII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed
Par VIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial
Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel andunusal punishments inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison
Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial
Par XI The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
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Par XII All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship Iod eacli according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of conscience
Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall he molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not he so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State
Par XIV No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution
Par XV No law shall ever he passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible lor the abuse of that liberty
Par XVI The right of the people to he secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the person or things to be seized
Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punisnment for crime after legal conviction thereof
Par XVIII The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation
Par XIX The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law
Par XX The power of the Courts to punish for contempts shall be limited by legislative acts
Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt
Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not he infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne
Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided
Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with tbe powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance
Par XXV All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the lull enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship
Section II
Paragraph I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the Judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved
Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open Court
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Par III No conviction shall workcorruption of blood or forfeiture of estate
Par IY All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall he enforced by penal laws
Par V Lobbying is declared to he a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par YI The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor
Section III
Paragraph I In cases of necessity private ways may he granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not he taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid
Par II No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities shall he passed
Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities shall he revoked except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corporators or creditors of the incorporation
Section 1Y
Paragraph I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall he enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall he varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Par II Legislative Acts in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them
Section Y
Paragraph I The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may he necessary to their safety and happiness
Par II The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed
AKTICLE II
ELECTIVE FRANCHISE
Section I
Paragraph I In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by ballot
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Par II Every male citizen of the United States except as hereinafter provided twentyone years of age who shall have resided in this State one year next preceding the election and shall have resided six months in the county in which he offers to vote and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be required of him and which he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeable to law except for the year of the election shall be deemed an elector Provided that no soldier sailor ormarine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State and no person shall vote who if challenged shall refuse to take the following oath or affirmation I do swear or affirm that I am twentyone years of age have resided in this State one year and in this county six months next preceding this election I have paid all taxes which since the adoption of the present Constitution of this State have been required of me previous to this year and which I have had an opportunity to pay and I have not voted at this election
Section II
Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration of all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State to wit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any Court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malefeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such person shall have been pardoned 2d Idiots and insane persons
Section III
Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases exceptforitreason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same
Section TV
Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the treasury
Par II No person who after the adoption of this Constitution beinga resident of this State shall have been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or convicted of sending or accepting a challenge or convicted of aiding or abetting such duel shall hold office in this State unlesshe shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law
Section V
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of election precincts on days of electionState county or municipaland prescribe punishment for any violation of the same
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Section YI
Paragraph I Returns of elections for all civil officers elected by the people who are to he commissioned by the Governor and also for the members of the General Assembly shall he made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE III
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
Section I
Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall he vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives
Section II
Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fortyfour members There hall he fortyfour Senatorial districts as now arranged by counties Each district shall have one Senator
The First Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effingham
The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tattnall and McIntosh
The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wayne Pierce and Appling
The Fourth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Glynn Camden and Charlton
The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Coffee Ware and Clinch
The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes and Berrien
The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Colquitt
The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Decatur Mitchell and Miller
The Ninth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Early Calhoun and Baker
The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth
The Eleventh Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Clay Randolph and Terrell
The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman
The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall he composed of the counties of Sumter Schley and Macon
The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge
The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Montgomery Telfair and Irwin
The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel and Johnson
The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Screven Bulloch and Burke
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The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Richmond Glascock and Jefferson
The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Taliaferro Greene and Warren
The Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Baldwin Hancock and Washington
The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones
The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bibb Monroe and Pike
The Twentythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Houston Crawford and Taylor
The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot
TheTwentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Fayette
The Twentyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Newton Walton Clarke Oconee and Rockdale
The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan
The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wilkes Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie
The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Oglethrope Madison and Elbert
The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hart Habersham and Franklin
The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin
The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hall Banks and Jackson
The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Gwinnett DeKalb and Henry
The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clayton Cobb and Fulton
The Thirtysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Campbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas
The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and Troup
The Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Poke and Paulding
The Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Milton Cherokee and Forsyth
The Fortieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun a
The Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer
The Fortysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga
The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield
The Fortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of W alker Dade and Catoosa
Par III The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States Provided that neither the number of districts nor the number of Senators from each district shall be increased
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Section III
Paragraph I The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and seventyfive Representatives apportioned among the several counties as follows towit To the six counties having the largest population viz Chatham Richmond Burke Ployd Bibb and Fulton three Representatives each to the twentysix counties having the next largest population viz Dooly Bartow Coweta Decatur Houston Greene Gwinnett Harris Jeiferson Meriwether Monroe Muscogee Pulaski DeKalb Hall Walton Sumter Thomas Troup Washington Hancock Carroll Cobb Jackson Oglethorpe and Wilkes two Representatives each and to the remaining one hundred and five counties one Representative each
Par II The above apportiontment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government so as to give the six counties having the largest population three Representatives each and to the twentysix counties having the next largest population two Representatives each but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be increased
Section IY
Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until their successors are elected
Par II The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Consitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 the second election for the same shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law
Par III The first meeting of the General Assembly after the ratification of this Constitution shall be on the fourth Wednesday in October 1878 and annually thereafter on the same day until the day shall be changed by law But nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the Governor from calling an extra session of the General Assembly before the first Wednesday in November 1878 if in his opinion the public good shall require it
Par 1Y A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide
Par Y Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State
Par YI No session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than fifty days Provided that if an impeachment trial pending at the end of fifty days the session may be prolonged till the completion of said trial
Par VII No person holding a military commissioner other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either House nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by Ihe Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to
any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto duringthe time for which he shall have been elected
Par VIII The seat of a member of either House shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected
Section V
Paragraph I The Senators shall he citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the Senate shall he styled the President of the Senate and shall he elected viva voce from the Senators
Par III The Senate hall have the sole power to try impeachments
Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall he presided over by the Chief Justice or the presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice he disqualified the Senate shall select the Judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall he convicted without the concurrence of twofhirds of the members present
Par V Judgments in case of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State hut the party convicted shall nevertheless he liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law
Section VI
Paragraph I The Representatives shall he citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall he styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall he elected viva voce from the body
Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office
Section VII
Paragraph I Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs
Par II Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House
Par III The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House
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Par IV Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment
Par V The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof
Par VI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the journal
Par VII Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in case of actual invasion or insurrection But the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Par VIII No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in tle title thereof
Par IX The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly
Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Par XIII All Acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Par XIV No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the journal
Par XV By an act approved September 241885 an amendment to the Constitution was submitted to vote of the people in October 1886 and adopted whereby the original of this paragraph was stricken from this Constitution
Par XVI No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law
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The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed
Par XVII No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describethe law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Par XVIII The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies nor to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the Courts Alii corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Par XIX The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after iudgment thereon unless the principal inthe recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Par XX The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities
Par XXI Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the journal
Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State
Par XXIII No provision in this Constitution fora twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessityfor the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Par XXIV Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of a disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them
Section VIII
Paragraph I The officers of the two Houses other than the President and Speaker shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as they may appoint but the clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each session nor those of the House of Representatives seventy dollars per day tor each session The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties
Section IX
Paragraph I The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall not exceed four dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveledby the nearest practicable route in going to and
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returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding seven dollars per day
Section X
Paragraph I All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
Section XI
Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband
Section XII
Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioners or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders
Par II When such showing is made to the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law
Par III All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business deposit with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said ComptrollerGeneral one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interests and dividends arising from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the ComptrollerGeneral whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company
Par IV The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies
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sjljjff The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people
ARTICLE IY
POWER OE THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OVER TAXATION
Section I
Paragraph I The right of taxation is a sovereign right inalieniable indestructible is the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Govornment established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said Government or any department thereof to effect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be nulLand void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly
Section II
Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate freight and passenger tariffs to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just anff reasonable rates and enforce the same by adequate penalties
Par II The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as property of individuals and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general wellbeing of the State
Par III The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that said corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution Provided That this section shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road
Par IY The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to
authorize any corporation to buy shares or stock in any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may have the effect or bo intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respective businesses or to encourage monopoly and all such contracts and agreements shall he illegal and void
Par Y No railroad company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage afid any such payments shall he illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties
Par VI No provision of this article shall be deemed held or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore made by the State of Georgia
Par VII The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of thisarticle by appropriate legislation
ARTICLE V
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
Section I
Paragraph I The officers of the Executive Department shall consist of a Governor Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer
Par II The Executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his office during the term of two years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified He shall not be eligible to reelection after the expiration of a second term for the period of four years Heshall have a salary of three thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a two thirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or eitherof them or from any foreign power But this reduction of salary shall not apply to the present term of the present Governor
Par III The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place biennially thereafter on said day until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same
Par IV The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives
Par V The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate
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and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed by the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Par VI Contested elections shall be determined by both Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Par VII No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years
Par VIII In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the President of the Senate shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until such disability be removed or a successor is elected and qualified And in case of the death resignation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor
Par IX The General Assembly shall Have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections
Par X The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America
Par XI The Governor shall be CommanderinChief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof
Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and to remit any part of a sentence for offences against the State after conviction except in cases of treason and impeachment subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve He shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating the name of the convict the offence for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State
Par XIII He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the state of the commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be
15
enacted at call sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them
Par XIV When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out in the Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof
Par XV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session of the recess thereafter
Par XVI The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws hut twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall he a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournmentshall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House
Par XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall he presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall he repassed by twothirds of each House
Par XVIII He may require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices It shall he the duty of the Governor quarterly and oftener if he deems it expedient to examine under oath the Treasurer and ComptrollerGeneral of the State on all matters pertaining to their respective offices and to inspect and review their hooks and accounts The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of either of said officers from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same
Par XIX The Governor shall have power to appoint his own Secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other clerical force as may he required in his office hut the total cost for Secretaries and clerical force in his office shall not exceed six thousand dollars per annum
Section II
Paragraph I The Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall he elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provision of the Constitution as to the trasmission of the returns of election counting the votes declaring the result deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their office for the same time as the Governor
Par II The salary of the Treasurer shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed sixteen hundred dollars per annum
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Par III The salary of the Secretary of State shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed one thousand dollars per annum
Par IV The salary of the ComptrollerGeneral shall not exceed twothousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department including the Insurance Department and Wild Land Clerk shall not exceed four thousand dollars per annum and without said clerk it shall not exceed three thousand dollars per annum
Par V The Treasurer shall not he allowed directly or indirectly toreceive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and theGeneral Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par VI No person shall be eligible to the office of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral or Treasurer unless he shall have been a citizen of the TJnitei Statesfor ten years and shall have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulations to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties
Par VII The Secretary of State the ComptrollerGeneral and theTreasurer shall not be allowed any fee perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenseswhen absent from the seat of government on business for the State
Section III
Paragraph I The Great Seal of the State shall be deposited in theoffice of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the Great Seal of the State until otherwiseprovided by law
ARTICLE VI
JUDICIARY
Section I
Paragraph I The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justice of the Peace commissioned Notaries Public and other Courts as have been or may be established by law
Section II
Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justiceand two Associate Justices A majority of the Court shall constitute a quorum
Par II When one or more of the Judges are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the Governor shall designatea Judge or Judges of the Sperior Courts to preside in said case
Par III No Judge of any Court shall preside in any case where thevaiidity of any bondEederal State corporation or municipalis in
17
volved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interests in the class of bonds upon which the question to he decided arises
Par IV The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall hold their offices for six years and until their successors are qualified A successor to the incumbent whose term will soonest expire shall hie elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a successor to the incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected hv the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution
Par V The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a Court alone for the trial and correction of errors from the Superior Courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like Court as may be hereafter established in other cities and shall sit at the seat of government at such times in each year as shall be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts
Par VI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first or second term after such writ of error is brought and in case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by Providential causeit shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed
Par VII In any case the Court may in its discretion withhold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued
Section lit
Paragraph I There shall be a judge of the Superior Court for each Judicial Circuit whose term of office shall be four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law
Par II The successors to the present incumbents shallbe elected by the General Assembly as follows To the half as near as may be whose commissions are the oldest in the year 1878 and to the others in the year 1880 AH subsequent elections shallbe at the session of the General Assembly next preceding the expiration of the terms of incumbents except elections to fill vacancies The day of election may be fixed by the General Assembly
Par III The terms of the Judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections But if the time for the meeting of the General Assembly shall be changed the General Assembly may change the time when the terms of Judges thereafter elected shall begin
Section IV
Paragraph I The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases
Par II The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of Equity in this State
Par III Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided
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Par IV They shail have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may he provided by law
Par V They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge And said Courts and the Judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law
Par VI The General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury in the Superior Courts and City to another and the said Court may grant new trials on legal grounds
Par VII The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contractsin writing where an issuable defense is not filed under oath or affirmation
Par VIII The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law
Par IX The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside incases where the presiding Judge is from any cause disqualified
Section V
Paragraph I In any county within which there is or hereafter may ibe a City Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the Judge of either Court is disqualified to preside
Section VI
Paragraph I The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law
Par II The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law
Par III The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified
Section VII
Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district one Justice of the Peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II Justices of the Peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injury or damage to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed one hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may bean appeal to a jury in said Court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law
Par III Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
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Section VIII
Paragraph I Commissioned Notaries Public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the Judges of the Superior Courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall he commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall he ex officio 7 ustices of the Peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section IX
Paragraph I The jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all Courts or officers invested with judicial powers except City Courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such Courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly
Section X
Paragraph I There shall be an AttorneyGeneral of this State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor
Par II It shall be the duty of the AttorneyGeneral to act as the legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XI
Paragraph I There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except when commissioned to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Court and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral shall be elected by the General Assembly in joint session on such day or days as shall be fixed by joint resolution of both Houses At the session of the General Assembly which is held next before the expiration of the terms of the present incumbents as provided in this Constitution their successors shall be chosen and the same shall apply to the election of those who shall succeed them Vacancies occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the General Assembly shall convene when an election shall be held to fill the unexpired portion of the vacant terms
Section XIII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the Treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the Solici
torsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution hut the provisions of this section shall not effect the salaries of those now inoffice
Par II The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission
Section XIV
Paragraph I No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Superior Courts or AttorneyGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall he hereafter elected SolicitorGeneral unless at the time or his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election
Section XY
Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the Court
Par II When a divorce is granted the jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties
Section XYI
Paragraph I Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this State if the defendant be not a resident of this State then inthe county in which the plaintiff resides
Par IT Cases respectingtitles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either countyshall have jurisdiction
Par III Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed
Par IV Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county
Par V Suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and indorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides
Par YI All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county
Section XYII
Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law
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Section XVIII
Paragraph I The right of trial by jury except where itis otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury in Courts other than the Superior and City Courts
Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors
Par III It shall he the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation ot jurors in all counties in this State
Section XIX
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of County Commissi iners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties
Section XX
Paragraph 1 All Courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this article may he abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly
Section XXI
Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not exceed ten dollars unless otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said Court when the usual pauper oath is filed in the Court below
ARTICLE VII
FINANCE TAXATION AND PUBLIC DEBT
Section I
Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only
For the support of the State Government and the public institutions
For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only
To pay the interest on the public debt
To pay the principal of the public debt
To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war
To supply the soldiers who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs during life and to make suitable provisions for such Confederate Soldiers as may have otherwise been disabled or permanently injured in such service or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty aie unable to provide a living for themselves and for the widows of such Confederate Soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or disease contracted in the service Provided that the Act shall only
aPPlv to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband
Section II
Paragraph I All taxation shall he uniform upon the same class of subjects and ad valorem on all property subject to be taxed within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax and shall be levied and collected under general laws The General Assembly mav however impose a tax upon such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive of other property
iiarr The eneral Assembly may by law exempt from taxation ajj public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning the real and personal estate ofany public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library allbooks and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purposes of sale orgain Provided the property so exempted he not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or income
Par III No poll tax shall be levied except for educational purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll
Par IV All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void
Par V The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party
Section III
Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply casual dficiences of revenue to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate two hundred thousand dollars
Section IV
Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purposes for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used lor the purposes specified and for no other
Section V
Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in any company association or corporation
Section VI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits Provided that if
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any municipal corporation shall offer to the State any property for locating or building a capitol and the State accepts such offer the corporation may comply with such offer
Par II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners and for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of Courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing
Section VII
Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value of taxable property therein without the assent of twothirds of the qualified voters thereof at an election for that purpose to he held as may he prescribed by law but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of this Constitution may he authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation
Par II Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness
Section VIII
Paragraph I The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political division of the State unless such debt shall be contracted to enable the State torepel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war
Section IX
Paragraph I The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of the State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interests profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall he deemed a felony and punishable as may he prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall he a disqualification from holding office
Section X
Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall not incur any debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the municipal government
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Section XI
Pargrph I The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or anv part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void bv the Gnrai Assembly and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratificationof a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any Court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations
Section XII
Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war
Section XIII
Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by the State and another property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt Provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Wbstern ai5 tlantic roa shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds
Section XIV
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollars which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds iilPl wicli have not yet matured and shall be applied to no
6r PurPose whatever If the bonds cannot at any time be purchased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and Treasurer of the State Provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall nottake effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued under the Act of February the 19th 1873 shall have been paid
Section XV
Paragraph I The ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the financial condition of the State which report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities and income of the State and expenditures therefor for three
months preceding and it shall he the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent persons connected with his department and cause an abstract thereof to be published for the information of the people which abstract shall be indorsed by him as having been examined
Section XVI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association
Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into
Section XVII
Paragraph I The office of the State Printer shall cease with the expiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the faithful performance thereof No member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or indirectly in any such contract
ARTICLE VIII education
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of children in the elementary branches of an English education only as nearly uniform as practicable the expenses of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races
Section II
Paragraph I There shall be a State School Commissioner appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate whose term of office shall be two years and until his successor is appointed and qualified His office shall be at the seat of government and he shall be paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the State School Commissioner such officer or officers as may be deemed necessary to perfect the system of public education
Section III
Paragraph I The poll tax any educational fund now belonging to the State except the endowment of and debt due to the University of Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and of the sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax for military service and all taxes that may be assessed on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive to other property are hereby set apart and devoted for the support of common schools
Section IV
Paragraph I Authority may he granted to counties upon the recommendation of two grand juries and to municipal corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation but no such local laws shall tahe effect until the same shall have been submitted to a vote of the qualified voters in each county or municipal corporation and approved by a twothirds vote of persons qualified to vote at such election and the General Assembly may prescribe who shall vote on such question
Section V
Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be affected by thisConstitution Nothing contained in section first of this article shall be construed to deprive schools in this State not common schools from participation in the educational fund of the State as to all pupils therein taught in the elementary branches of an English education
Section VI
Paragraph I The Trustees of the University of Georgia mayaccept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition to the payment of the annual interest on the debt due by the State to the University the General Assembly may from time to time make such donations thereto as the condition of the treasury will authorize And the General Assembly may also from time to time make such appropriations of money as the condition of the treasury will authorize to any college or university not exceeding one in number now established or hereafter to he established in this State for the educationof persons of color
ARTICLE IX
HOMESTEAD AND EXEMPTIONS
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State except as hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or persons having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars
NoieThe above provision of the Constitution was specially submitted to the people and ratified as a part thereof by them on December 5th 1887
Section II
Paragraph I No Court or ministerial officer in this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any judgmentexecution or decree against the property set apart for such purpose including such improvements as may be made thereon from time to time except for taxes
for the purchase money of the same for labor done thereon for material furnished therefor or for the removal of incumbrances thereon
Section III
Paragraph I The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in this article except as to wearing apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furniture and provisions to be selected by himself and his wife if any and he shall not after it is set apart alienate or encumber the property so exempted but it may be sold by the debtor and his wife if any jointly with the sanction of the Judge of the Superior Court of the county where the debtor resides or the land is situated the proceeds to be reinvested upon the same uses
Section IY
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide by law as early as practicable for the setting apart and valuation of said property But nothing in this article shall be construed to affect or Tepeal the existing laws for exemption of property from sale contained in the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049 inclusive and the Act amendatory thereto It may be optional with the applicant to take either but not both of such exemptions
Section Y
Paragraph I The debtor shall have authority to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in section four except as is excepted in section three of this article
Section YI
Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart which is less than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed a sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount
Section Y1I
Paragraph I Homestead and exemptions of personal property which have been heretofore set apkrt by virtue of the provisions of the existing Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws lor the enforcement thereof or which maf be hereafter so set apart at any tune shall be and remain valid as against all debts and liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution to the same extent that they would have been had said existing Constitution not been revised
Section YIII
Paragraph I Bights which have become vested under previously existing laws shall not be affected by anything herein contained In all cases in which homesteads have been set apart under the Constitution of 1868 and the laws made in pursuance thereof and a bona fide sale of such property has been subsequently made and the full purchase price
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thereof paid all right of exemption in such property by reason of its having been so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the right of the purchaser In all such cases where a part only of the purchase price has been paid such transactions shall be governed by the laws now of force in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property had not been set apart
Section IX
Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of realty under the Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said homestead and reinvest the same by order of the Judge of the Superior Courts of this State
ARTICLE X
MILITIA
Section I
Paragraph I A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist
Par II The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same
Par III The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State
ARTICLE XI
COUNTIES AND COUNTY OFFICERS
Section I
Paragraph I Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided
Par II No new county shall be created
Par III County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose
Par IV No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an elecr tion held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Par V Any county may be dissolved and merged with contiguous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified electors of such county votingat an election held for that purpose
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Section II
Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shallhold their offices for two years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be ligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph uhlss he shall have heen a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter
Section III
Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may hereafter be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of commissioners of roads and revenue in any county
ARTICLE XII
THE LAWS OF GENERAL OPRATION IN FORCE IN THIS STATE
Section I
Paragraph I Toe laws of general operation in this State are first as the supremelaw The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties madeundertheauthoritv of the United States
Par II Second As next ih authority thereto this Constitution
Par III Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution and the ordinances of this Convention shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly The tax acts and appropriation acts passed hy the General Assembly of 1877 and approved by the Governor of the State and not incpnsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law
Par IV Local and private acts passed for the benefit of Counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms
Par V All rights privileges and immunities which may have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporations in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity underand in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of competent jurisdiction in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be
brought in question unlessattacked for fraud
Par VI All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretotore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversion by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceeding in tebnfoimity with the law of force when they were made
Par VII The officers of the government now existing shall continue
30
in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified hut nothin herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution
Par Y III The ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and capital questions to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on shall have the effect of constitutional provisions
NoteUnder the ordinance of the Convention submitting the question of the location of the capital to the people the city of Atlanta was chosen December 5th 1877
ARTICLE XIII
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION
Section I
Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election rand shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
Par II No conArention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the eoncurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable
Section II
Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratification or rejection to the voters of the State at an election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All persons voting at said election in favor of adopting the Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratificationand all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification
31
Par II The votes cast at said election shall be consolidated in each of the counties of the State as is now required by law in elections for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be in favor of ratification he shalldeclare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district of the State but should a majority of the votes cast be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Constitution rejected
ORDINANCES
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
1st That the question of the location of the capital of this State be kept out of the Constitution to be adopted by the Convention
2d That at the first general election hereafter held for members of the General Assembly every voter may indorse on his ballot Atlanta or 1 Milledgeville and the one of these places receiving the largest number of votes shall be the capital of the State until changed by the same authority and in the same way that maybe provided for the alteration of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the present Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitution shall should a majority of votes cast be in favor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution
AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
1st That the article adopted by this Convention on the subject of Homestead and Exemption shall not form a part of this Constitution except as hereinafter provided
2d At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot the words Homestead of 1877 or the words Homestead of 1868
3d In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified butin the event that said Constitution so submitted shall not be ratified then the article on Homestead and Exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede article seven of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of Homestead and Exemptions and form a part of this Constitution
4th If a majority of the ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 then article seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on Homestead and Exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified
Read and adopted in Convention August 22 1877
Attest C J Jenkins
President Constitutional Convention
James Cooper Nisbet Secretary
33
AN ORDINANCE
Whereas A committee has been appointed by this Convention to consider and inquire into the ways and means by which the expenses of this Convention over and above those provided for by the General Assembly can be defrayed and whereas the committee are satisfied that a sufficient sum of money for the same can he procured by an ordinance of this Convention therefore
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is
hereby ordained by authority of the same
That the President of this Convention shall be and he is hereby empowered by authority of this Convention to negotiate a loan of a sufficient sum of money at seven per cent per annum to defray the residue ot the expenses of this Convention not provided ior by the Act of the General Assembly calling this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 18 1877
Attest C J Jenkins
President Constitutional Convention
James Cooper Nisbkt Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
Beit ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
1st That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention
2d That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon the ratification or rejection of this Constitution as therein provided and a vote upon the Capital and Homestead questions as provided by the ordinances of this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877
Attest J Jenkins
President Constitutional Convention James Cooper Nisbet Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
There shall be sixteen Judicial Circuits in this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to organize and apportion the same in such manner as to equalize the business and labor of the Judges in said several circuits as far as may be practicable But the General Assembly shall have power hereafter to reorganize increase or diminish the number of circuits Provided however that the circuits shall remain as now organized until changed by law
Read and adopted in Convention August 28 1877
Attest C J Jenkins
President Constitutional Convention
James Cooper Nisbet Secretary

Amendments to Constitution
Paragraph 15 of Section 7 Article 3 stricken out
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provision for such Confederate soldiers as may have been permanently injured in such service
See Acts of 18841885
Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 also amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provision for such Confederate soldiers as may have otherwise been disabled or permanently injured in such service and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate
States or since from wounds received therein or diseases contracted therein
Paragraph 3 Section IV Article 2 amended by striking out biennially after the word and and before the word thereafter and substituting therefor the wqrd annually
Paragraph l emirn IV Articled amended by striking out the words forty days unless by a twothirds vote of the whole number of each house and substituting therefor fifty days These amendments were construed to apply to Article 3 instead of Article 2
Paragraph 7 Section VII Article 3 amended by adding thereto but the first and second reading of each local hill and bank and railroad charters in each house shall consist of the reading of the title onlv unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed
Paragraph 18 Section VII Article 3 amended by striking out after the word companies in the second line the following words viz ExceP4 banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies and substituting therefor at the end of said para graph after the word courts the following viz AH corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
See Acts of 189091 Vol 1 pages 65 to 60 inclusive
Paragraph 1 Section I of Article 7 by adding after the word service in the thirteenth line of said paragraph the following words to wit or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves
Act approved Dec 19 1893 Adopted by vote of the people Oct 1894
INDEX
TO THE
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
NoteReferences in the Index are made to the Article Section and Paragraph of the provision referred to the original division of the instrument being strictly followed
A
A S P
Absent members of Legislature attendance of compelled 3 4 4
Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited 11 9
Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for 1 1 15
Academy incorporated exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Acceptors suits against where tried 6 16 5
Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly 3 7 11
Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand 115 Acts amending or repealing must describe the law
affected 3 7 17
Local and private authority of 12 1 4
Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker
of House 3 7 Ig
Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be
recorded 3 7 21
Adjournment of Legislature by less than a majority 3 4 4
Consent of both Houses required when 3 7 24
Houses failing to agree Governor may adjourn them 3 7 24
Resolutions of not submitted to Governor 5 1 17
Ad valorem Tax on property shall be 7 2 1
Aged andinflrm persons entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited 1 1 14
To any person or corporation by lending credit or
taking stock prohibited 7 5 1
To any person or corporation by donation or gratuity prohibited 7 j
Aid of County or City to person or corporation prohibited 7 6 1
Amendments to Appropriation and Revenue bills by
Senate 3 7 10
To Constitution 13 1 1
36
AmendmentsContinued
a s p
To statute or code form of amendment act 3 7 17
Animals special tax may be imposed on vicious ones 7 2 1
Appeal from one jury to another in Superior and City
Courts 6 4 6
From Ordinary to Superior Court 661
From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court 6 7 2
Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Court 6 4 4
Appointment of Legislator to another office prohibited 3 4 7
By Governor to fill vacancies 5 1 14
Rejected by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Apportionment of Representatives how changed 3 3 2
Appropriation Acts authority of 12 1 3
Bills general and special 3 7 9
Bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10
Bills yeas and nays must he recorded on 3 7 12
Bills may he approved in part 5 1 16
Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer 3 7 11
For University of Georgia and College for colored
pupils 861
Approval of Governor to Bills 5 1 16
Of Governor to Resolutions and Orders 5 1 17
Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of hearing 1 l 22
Army of the State Governor is Commander of 5 1 11
Arrest abuse under prohibited 119
Punishment for rescue from under order either
House 3 7 2
Trivilege of Elector from 2 3 1
Privilege of member Legislature from 3 7 3
Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers 7 11
Assemble right of people to do so guaranteed 1 1 24
Associate Justice of Supreme Court 621
Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Attainder bill of prohibited 1 3 2
Attendance of members of the Legislature compelled 3 4 4
Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during 3 7 3
Attorney right to defend or prosecute by 1 1 4
Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have 115
General election of 6 10 1
General duties 6 10 2
General salary 6 13 1
General qualifications 6 14 1
Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments etc 12 1
37
B
A S P
Bail shall not be excessive 1 1 91
Ballot election by the people shall be by 2 11
Banishment beyond the State prohibited 1 1 7
Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature 318
Bequests may be received by the University of Georgia 8 6 1
Bills number of readings necessary before passage 3 7 7
Majority of all members in favor of necessary to
passage 3 7 14
Rejected not again proposed without consent of two
thirdsv 3 7 13
Appropriation and Revenue must originate in
House 3 7 10
Appropriationsgeneral and special requisites of 3 9
Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12
Revision of by Governor Vetohow overruled 5 1 Id
See Local Bills also Acts
Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House 3 8 1
Required of Secretary of State ComptrollerGenl
and Treasurer5 2 6
Required of Public Printer 7 17 1
Bonded debt not to be increased 7 12 1
Sale of States property to be applied to 7 13 1
Of county or city provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot
preside 6 2 3
Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted
to suit 7 11 1
Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of
Road 7 13 1
Boundaries of counties to remain as now till changed
bylaw 11 1 1
Bribery Conviction of disqualifies for office or voting 2 2 1
Bridges established by the Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Bridges Ordinary jurisdiction in matters of 6 6 2
Bridges taxation by county to keep up 7 6 2
Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose 7 4 1
Buildings public exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Public tax by county to maintain 7 6 2
Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
Burial places exempt from tax 7 2 2
C
Canal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Capital location of ordinance concerning 12 1 8
38
A S P
Capitol site for may be donated to the State 7 6 1
Censure of member of Legislature for misconduct3 7 1
Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior
Court 6 4 5
Challenge of voter oath to be administered 2 12
Conviction of sending or accepting disqualifies for
office 2 4 2
Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Public aid from county or city 7 6 1
Charter of Corporations amended on conditions 4 2 3
Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trialssee Supreme Court 3 5 4
Children legitimatized and names changed by the
Courts 3 7 18
Church not to receive money from the State 1 1 14
Citizens of the State who are and right to protection 1 1 25
Of the State entitled to vote when 2 12
City aid by donation or taking stock prohibited 7 6 1
Consent before Street Railroad can be built in 3 7 20
Courts of the State need not be uniform 6 9 1
Court appeals and new trials in 6 4 6
Court errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when 6 5 1
Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1
Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government 7 10 1
Public schools may be maintained by tax 8 4 1
Civil authority superior to the military 1 l 19
Cases where tried 6 16 6
Cases judgment by Court without Jury when 6 4 7
Cases venue how changed 6 17 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 3
Jurisdiction of JusticesCourt 6 7 2
Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and
ComptrollerGeneral 5 2 234
Clerk of House of Representatives Compensation and
Bond of 3 8 1
Clerks of the Governor 6 i 19
Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to
numbers 3 7 17
Colleges exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Por colored pupils 8 6 1
Colored pupils College for 8 6 1

39
A S P
Colored and white Public Schools to be separate 8 1 1
Commissioner of Schools appointed and salary of 8 2 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 6 19 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 11 3 1
Committee on Local and Special hills 3 7 5
Common law Courts may he clothed with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2
Common School systemsee Education 8 11
Commutation power in the Governor 5 1 12
Tax for military service goes to Schools 8 3 1
Companies incorporation of 3 7 18
Volunteer military organization of 10 1 2
Compensation for private ways and public use of property13 1
Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate 3 8 1
Of Jurors how fixed 6 18
Extra not be granted officers or contractors 7 16 2
Competition arrangements by corporations to defeat
void 4 2 4
ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance Companies 3 12 2
Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies 3 12 3
Officer of Executive Department 5 11
Examination suspension and discharge of 5 1 18
Election of 5 2 1
Salary and Clerkshire 5 2 4
Eligibility and Bond of 5 2 6
Perquisites not allowed to 5 2 7
Must report to Governor 7 15 1
Confederate Soldiers pensions for 7 11
Public debt not to be paid 7 11 1
Conscience right of not to be controlled 1 112
Liberty of does not excuse licentiousness 1 1 13
Consent of parties to vary general law in individual cases 14 1
City to building Street Railroads within its limits 3 7 20
Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by
the people 15 1
Authority of 12 1 2
Amendments of 13 1 1
Amendments by Convention 13 1 2
To be submitted to the people 13 2 1
And United Stateslaws in violation of void 14 2
Of United States authority of 12 1 1
Constitutional Convention provisions to call 13 1 2
40
A S P
Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enumerated 1 5 5
Contempt limitation of Courts power to punish for 1 1 20
Either House of General Assembly may punish for 3 7 2
Contested Election for Governor 5 1 6
Contracts laws impairing obligation of void 1 3 2
By Government releasing power to tax void 4 11
By Government heretofore made not impaired 4 2
Between corporations defeat competition void 4 2 4
Judgments on without verdict when 6 4 7
Jurisdiction of JusticesCourts in cases of 6 7 2
Contractor not to receive extra compensation from Government 7 16 2
Conventionsee Constitutional Convention and Ordinances
Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until 1 1 10
Does not work corruption or forfeiture 12 3
Of certain offenses disfranchises 2 2 1
Impeachment vote necessary 3 5 4
Dueling disqualifies for office 2 4 2
Copartners suits against where tried 6 16 4
Coroners County Tax to pay 7 6 2
Corporate Powers what may be granted by Legislature 3 7 18
Corporators not to be damaged by revocation of charter 1 3 3
Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain 4 2 2
Legislation in favor of conditional 4 2 3
Actsof to defeat competition and monopolize void 4 2 4
Right to tax not to be released 7 2 5
State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to 7 5 1
County or City not to take stock in aid or lend credit
to 7 6 1
Donations to from State prohibited 7 16 1
Authority of rights already accrued to 12 1 5
Municipal see City
Costs not payable by defendant till conviction 1 1 10
In Supreme Court 6 21 1
County Commissioners may be created 11 3 1
Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1
Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Not to aid or take stock in Corporation 7 6 1
Public Schools may be maintained by 8 4 1
Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
Officers election term qualification and removal 11 2 1
41
County CommissionersContinued
A S P
Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State 11 3 1
Is a body corporate suits of and boundaries 11 1 1
New one not to be created 11 12
Lines and site bow changed 11 134
Merger of 11 1 5
Special Acts authority of 12 1 4
Corruption of blood not worked by conviction 1 2 3
Courts power to punish for contempt limited 1 1 20
Power in matters denied to Legislature 3 7 IS
Of the State 6 1 4
Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished 6 20 1
Of Common Law maybe vested with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2
Of same grade throughout State must be uniform 6 9 1
Courts tax to pay expenses of 7 6 2
Jurisdiction against Homestead denied 9 2 1
Authority of judgments and decrees of 12 1 5
Existing judgments and decrees of ratified 12 1 0
See also Supreme Superior City and Justice Courts
Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons 7 5 1
Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed
property of debtor 12 6
Not be damaged by revocation of Charter 1 3 3
Crime conviction in what erases disfrauchises 2 2 1
Lobbying declared to be 125
Criminal cases Jury j udges of law and fact 1 2 1
Judge may grant new trial on conviction 1 2 1
3urisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 1
Rights of defendant in 115
Where tried 6 16 6
Venue when changed 6 17 1
D
Damages jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of 6 7 1
Death of Governor vacancy how filled 5 1
Officer vacancy how filled 5 1 14
Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in 3 7 3
Debts Public taxation to pay 7 11
Public new debt contracted to pay 7 3 1
Power of State to contract restricted 7 3 1
Of County taxation to pay 7 6 2
Power of City or County to contract restricted 7 7 1
42
DebtsContinued
To be incurred by City only on authority of City
Government
Of County or City not to be assumed by State
Void and Confederate against State not to be paid
Debtor Concealing Property provisions against
May waive Homestead
May waive Exemptions of the old Code
Decrees of Court authority and ratification of
Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legislature Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to Defense under oath not filed Court to render judgment
when
Of State debts may be contracted for
Deficiency of Revenue in State supplied by borrowing Of Revenue in City and County supplied by borrowing
Deposit required of Insurance Companies
Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit from
Disabilities may be removed by Governor
Discrimination in Tariff by Railroad regulated
Disorderly behavior in presence of Legislature punished
Disqualification to hold office or vote
Religious opinion is not
To hold office in more than one department
Of illegal holders of public money
Of Duelists
For Legislature and of legislator to other office
Resulting from Impeachment
Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides
Judge of StipdriorCotirt who presides
Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge
Of interested Judge in bond cases
Districts Senatorial number composition and change of
Divorce exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court
First and second verdicts in cases of
Suits where tried
Domestic Animals of vicious nature special tax on
Animals tax on goes to educational purposes
Donations by State prohibited
By State to University allowed
Drawer and Acceptor suits against where tried
Dueling conviction of disqualifies for office
A S P
7 10 1
7 8 1
7 1 1
1 6
9 3 1
9 5 1
12 1 1 56
b 4 7
1 1 4
6 4 7
7 3 1
7 3 1
7 7 1
3 12
5 2 5
5 1 12
4 2 1
3 7 1 2
2 2 1
1 1 13
1 1 23
2 4 1
2 4 2
3 4 7
3 5 5
6 2 2
6 4 9
6 5 1
6 2 3
3 212 3
6 4 1
6 15 1 2
6 16 1
7 2 1
8 1 1
7 16 L
8 6 1
6 16 5
2 4 2

43
Education Common School System established 8 1
Commissioner of Public Schoolsjjj 8 2
Confined to English in local public schools 7 6
Confined to English in State oublie schools 8 1
Poll Tax for purposes of 7 2
Special Tax for purposes of 8 3
Taxation for purposes of by State 7 1
Taxation for purposes of by City or County 7 6
Appropriations for purposes of by City or County 7 6
Election by the people shall be by ballot 2 1
By the Legislature shall be viva voce 3 10
Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited 2 5
Privilege of Electors while attending 2 3
Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature 3 7
Returns where made 2 6
Of members General Assembly 3 4
Members General Assembly each House to judge of 3 7
President of the Senate 3 5
Speaker of the House of Representatives 3 6
Governor 5 1
Governor returns how made 5 1
Returns opened and published 5 1
Governor by General Assembly 5 1
Contested 5 1
Special 5 1
To fill vacancies in General Assembly 5 1
Of Secretary of State CompGenl and Treasurer 5 2
Judges of Supreme Court 6 2
Judges Superior Court 6 3
Judges Supreme Superior Courts and SolGenl 6 12
Justices of the Peace 6 7
AttorneyGeneral 6 10
By City or County on creating a new Debt 7 7
City or County on School question 8 4
To change County Site 11 1
Merge one County into another 11 1
Election of County Officers 11 2
On amendments to Constitution 13 1
Ratification of Constitution 13 2
Electors who shall be so deemed 2 1
Registration of may be provided for 2 2
Privileges of while attending elections 2 3
Embezzleinent of public funde disfranchises 2 2
p
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
18
1
2
1
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
9
13
1
4
2
1
3
1
1
1
4
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
44
A S P
Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favor of CorporationsiV 4 2 2
Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of 9 2 1
Endorsers suits against where tried 6 16 5
Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations 4 2 1
Equity Cases where tried 6 16 3
Jurisdiction is in Superior Court 6 4 1
Jurisdiction may be conferred on Common Law
Courts 6 4 2
Errors in Superior and City Courts corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5
Estate not forfeited by conviction 12 3
Excessive Bail and Fines forbidden 119
Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments are
distinct 1 1 23
Department officers of 5 1 1
Department officers of report suspension and removal of 5 1 18
Powers vested in Governor 5 1 2
Exemption from Taxation and void Exemption 7 2245
From Levy and Sale 9 11
From Levy and Sale waiver of 9 3 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver of 9 5 1
Exhibitions special tax on goes to Public Schools 8 3 1
Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governor 5 1 19
Of Clerks of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 2234
Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed 1 3 2
Express Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
Expulsion of Member of General Assembly for misconduct 3 7 1
Extra session of Legislature before November 1st 1878 3 4 3
Session of Legislature may be called by Governor 5 1 13
Compensation not to be allowed by Government 7 16 2
F
Family each Head of entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
Fees not allowed officers of Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1
Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
Females persons having care of entitled to Homestead 9 11
Ferries established by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning 6 6 2
45
A S P
Fines imposed must not be excessive
Imposed on member of Legislature for misconduct
Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of
Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by conviction
Of Recognizance relieved against when
Of Charter remitted only on conditions
Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for
Judgments attacked for
Free Schoolssee Education
Freight on Railroads subject to regulation by law
Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged Furniture waiver of Exemption not good against all
Funds of county Ordinarys jurisdiction
Of Public officers not to profit from use of
Sinking provided for
G
General Assembly
Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative
poweriv
Members of elected for two years
Election when held
Election returns where made
Attendance of required
Oath of
Who are disqualified to be
Disqualified for certain other offices
Not to profit from use of public funds
Not to be interested in public printing
Seats of vacated by removal
Punished for misconduct in each House
Privileges ofy
Per diem and mileage of
Majority of all necessary to passage of bill
Officers of who are
Quorum of to transact business
Adjournment by less than a quorum
Adjournment for more than three days etc
Elections by shall be viva voce
Of Judges of Supreme Court by 1st election Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts and
SolicitorsGeneral
Of Governor bv when
Of Governor contested determined by
1 1 9
3 7 1
8 12 4
5 1 2
1 2 3
3 7 19
4 2 3
1 2 6
12 1 5
8 1 1
4 2 1
4 2 5
9 3 1
6 6 2
7 9 1
7 14 1
3 1 1
3 4 1
3 4 2
2 6 1
3 4 4
3 4 5
3 4 7
3 4 7
7 9 1
7 17 1
3 4 8
3 1
3 7 3
3 9 1
3 7 14
3 8 1
O 4 4
3 4 4
3 7 24
3 10 1
6 2 4
6 3 2
6 12 1
5 1 5
5 1 6
46
General AssemblyContinued
a s p
Majr pardon commute or reprieve for treason 5 l 12
May direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 l
Sessions of are Annual 3 4 3
Of limited to 50 days 3 4 6
Of extra may be called by Governor 5 1 13
Of joint held in Representative Hall 3 10 1
Each House of may coihpel attendanceOf members 3 4 4
Is judge of electin and qualificatn of itsmembrs 3 7 1
May punish for misconduct 3 7 12
Must keep a Journal 374
Has general power of legislation 3 7 22
HAS POWER BY LAW TO
Provide punishment for fraud 12 0
For registration of voters 2 2 1
For removal Secretary of State Comptroller
General and Treasurer 5 1 IS
For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6
For appointment of Judge pro hac vice 6 4 9
Commissioners for County affairs 6 19 1
For organizing the Militia jg j 1
Prescribe manner of bearing arms 1 1 22
Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts 6 18 1
Who shall vote on School questions 8 4 1
Change Senatorial Districts when 3 2 3
Apportionment of Representatives 3 3 2
Governors Salary by twothirds vote 5 1 2
Salaries of Judges Attorneys and Solicitors
General g jg 9
Substitute another officer for School Commissioner 8 2 1
Establish Courts g 1
Abolish Courts not named in Constitution 6 20 1
Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts 6 4 2
Authorize formation of Volunteer Companies 10 1 2
Require Fire Insurance Companies to make deposit 3 12 4
Subject corporate property to public use when 4 2 2
Sell States propertyAb 7 13 1
Make donations to University of Georgia 8 6 1
Make donations to College for colored people 8 6 1
AmendConstitution in manner provided13 j j
Call Constitutional Convention as provided 13 1
47
General AssemblyContinued
SHALL BY LAW
A S P
Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt 1 1 20
Protect citizens in their rights 1 1 25
Provide penalty against Lottery Agents 1 2 4
Provide penalty against Lobbying 12 5
Prohibit furnishing Liopr on election days 3 5 1
Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee 5 2 5
Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor 12 6
Compel Insurance Companies to report to Governor 3 12 5
Regulate Freight and Passenger tariff 4 2 1
Enforce provisions against monopolies etc 4 2 7
Establish uniformity in local tribunals 6 9 1
Provide for selection and compensation of Jurors 6 18 23
A Sinking Fund 7 14 1
For letting Public Printing to highest bidder 7 17 1
Setting apart and valuation of Homestead 9 4 1
For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6
SHALL NOT PASS ANY LAW
To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press 1 1 15
Respecting social status of citizensJ 1 1 18
Of Attainder ex potfwto impairing contracts 13 2
Making irrevocable grants of special privileges 13 2
To revoke grants to injury of creditors or corporators 13 3
Of special nature when general law provides 1 4 1
Varying general law affecting private rights without
consent Viv 14 1
In violation of Constitutionof Georgia or the United
States 14 2
Referring to more than one matter or different from
title 3 7 8
Incorporating companies except for class named 3 7 18
Relieving against recognizances except as stated 3 7 16
Authorizing Street Kailroad in city without citys
consent 3 7 26
For benefit of particular corporations except on
conditions 4 2 3
Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another 4 2 4
County or City to aid persons or Corporations 761 Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts 7 11 1
Granting donation or gratuity to persons or Corporations 7 16 1
Extra compensation to officers or contractors 7 16 2
See Tax
48
A S V
God may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience j 1 1 12
Governor an officer of the Executive Department 5 11
Executive powers vested in 5 12
Salary term and limitations of terms of office 5 1 2
Election installation and terms of election of 5 1 34
Of by the Legislature when 5 1 5
Qualification and oath of 5 1710
Death resignation or disability of 5 18
Secretary and Clerks of 5 1 19
Is Commander of the Army and conservator of the
Peace 5 111 12
May adjourn the Legislature when 3 7 24
Call Extra Session of Legislature 5 1 13
Direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1
Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties 5 1 12
Remove disabilities 5 1 12
With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Require services of AttorneyGeneral 6 10 2
Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislature 5 1 13
Fill vacancies in other offices 5 1 14
Offices of Judges and SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1
Appoint State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Judge to preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
Commission Notaries Public ex officio Justices of
Peace 6 8 1
Examine and publish Report of Comptroller and
Treasurer 7 15 1
Proclaim result of Election on Constitution 13 2 2
Cannot appoint member of Legislature to office 3 4 7
A person rejected by Senate when 5 1 15
Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legislature 5 1 17
Supervision over Executive officers 5 1 18
Government originates with people duty of 1 1 12
Exclusive right of the people to regulate 1 5 1
Legislative Executive and Judicial Departments
distinct 1 1 23
Support of by taxation 7 11
Grants limiting power to tax void 4 11
Irrevocable of special privileges void 13 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 1 3 3
Great Seal of the State use and device of 5 3 1
Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead 9 1 1
49
H
A S P
Habeas Corpus Writ stall not be suspended 1 1 H
Head of family entitled to Homestead 9 11
Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and
amount of 9 11
Not subject to levy and sale 9 2 1
Waiver and sale of 9 3 1
Setting apart of to be provided for 9 4 1
Supplemental 9 6 1
Already allowed good against old debts 9 7 1
Ordinance effect of 12 1 8
Of 1868 sales of confirmed 9 8 1
Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of 9 9 1
Under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
Under DebtorsAct Waiver of 9 5 1
House secure from search except as provided 1 1 16
Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provided 1 19
Of Representativessee Representatives
Household furniture waiver of exemption on 9 3 1
Husbands debts wifes property not liable for 3 11 1
I
Idiots disqualified Lo vote or hold office 221
Immunities special not to be irrevocably granted 13 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 13 3
Impeachment power in House of Representatives 3 6 3
Power to tryin the Senate 3 5 3
Chief Justice to preside at trial of 3 5 4
Vote necessary to convict 3 5 4
Effect of conviction 3 5 5
Governor cannot pardon in case of 5 1 12
Imprisonment abuse under forbidden 119
For debt prohibitedv 1 1 21
For misbehavior in presence of Legislature 3 7 12
Improvement on Homestead is part of 9 2 1
Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand 1 15
Inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5
Infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 11
Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied 1 5 2
Insane persons not entitled to vote or hold office 2 2 1
Inspection by Governor of Executive Offices 5 1 18
Installation of Governor5 1 3
Insurance Department expense of5 2 4
Companies to make reports to Governor 3 12 5
Chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
50
Insurance DepartmentContinued
a s p
Fire deposit made with Treasury 3 12 4
Foreign and Home Life deposits required 3 12 13
Foreign Life ComptrollerGeneral tq license 3 12 2
Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to pay 7 11
Intoxicating drinks not to be furnished on election days 2 5 1
Insurrection and invasion in time of Dills may pass
summarily g y y
Tax to suppress 7 11
Bonded debt incurred to suppress 7 12 1
Debts contracted to suppress 7 3 1
Contracted by city or county to suppress assumed
by State 7 8 1
Invasionsee Insurrection
Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead 9 3 1
Irrevocable grants of special privileges void 1 3 2
J
Jeopardy more than once for same offense prohibited 1 1 8
Joint obligors suit against where tried 6 16 4
Owner in property State shall not become 7 5 1
Journal each House of the General Assembly shall keep 3 7 4
Original preserved in the office of Secretary of State 3 7 5
Yeas and nays to be recorded in at request of one
fifth 3 7 6
Yeas and nays to be recorded in when twothird
vote is required 3 7 21
Must show majority of all members voted for bills
passed 3 y 14
Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution 13 1 1
Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature 3 10 1
Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested
in the bonds 6 2 3
Pro hac vice Legislature may authorize 6 4 9
May grant new trials in cases of conviction 12 1
See Supreme Superior and City Courts
Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct 1 1 23
Powers of the State where vested 6 11
Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts void 1 4 2
Judgment of Impeachment extent of 8 5 5
Of Supreme Court may be withheld one term 6 2 7
Without verdict of Jury when 6 4 7
Of Courts authority of 12 15
Heretofore rendered ratified 12 1 6
51
A S P
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of Superior Court 6 4 1
Of Superior Court appellate 6 4 4
Of Ordinary 6 6 1
Of Ordinary County matters 6 6 2
Of Justices of the Peace 6 7 2
Against homesteads denied 9 2 1
Jury right of trial by an impartial 115
Right of trial by Guaranteed 6 18 1
Judges of law and fact in criminal cases 12 1
Appeal from one to another in Superior and City
Courts 646
From Justice of the Peace to 6 7 2
Grand to recommend Commissioned Notary for appointment 6 8 1
Grand and Traverse selection and qualification of 6 18 2
Compensation of how fixed 6 18 3
Tax by county to pay 7 6 2
Justice of the Peace may be member of Legislature 3 4 7
Part of Judiciary 6 11
Election Commission and removal of 6 7 3
Term of 6 7 1
Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals 6 7 2
Ex Officio 6 8 1
K
Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption of 9 3 1
L
Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for 9 2 1
Land cases involving title to brought in Superior Court 6 4 1
Cases involving title to tried at what place 6 16 2
Homestead and Exemption on 9 1 1
Larceny conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1
Law due process of required to affect rights of persons 1 1 3
Laws of general nature must have uniform operation 1 4 1
Of general natureaffecting private rights how varied 1 4 1
Unconstitutional are void 14 2
For more than one matter or different from title
void 3 7 8
Majority vote of all members necessary to pass 3 7 14
For tax shall be general 7 2 1
Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone 3 7 17
For borrowing money must be specific 7 4 1
To change County lines must be a general law 11 1 3
Laws Continued
52
A S P
Of general operation 12
Of United States authority of 12 1 1
Of Georgia authority of 12 1 3
Local and special authority of 12 1 4
See Local also General Assembly
Learning Seminaries of exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Legislative power is in the General Assembly 3 1 1
Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23
LegislatureSee General Assembly
Legitimate Children power in Courts 3 7 18
Levy and Sale exemptions from 9 11
Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence 12 1
Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of
law 113
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 1
Of Conscience not to be controlled 1 1 12
Of speech or press not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Libraries Public may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Licentiousness not excused on account of liberty of Conscience 1 1 13
Life person not to be deprived of but by due process of
law 113
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offetse 118
Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
See Insurance
Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law 11 1 3
Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes 8 3 1
Not to be furnished on Election days 2 5 1
List of witnesses to be furnished defendant on demand 115
Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of 7 6 2
Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Loans to State for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 3 1
County or City for casual deficiencies of revenue 771
Of Sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer 7 14 l
Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penalty 1 2 5
Publication of before passed 3 7 16
Acts authority of 12 1 4
School Systems existing not affected hereby 8 5 1
Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited 12 4
M
Macon and Brunswick Railroad if sold proceeds where
applied 7 13 1
53
A S
Majority of each branch of Legislature constitute quorum 3 4
Of all members of each House necessary to pass bill 3 7
Malfeasance in office disfranchises 2 2
Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peace removal for 6 7
Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4
Marriage does not divest wife of her property 3 11
Material furnished Homestead it is liable for 9 2
Matter different from title not to be contained in bill 3 7
Members of General Assemblysee General Assembly
Merger of counties 11 1
Message of Governor 5 1
Mileage of the members of the General Assembly 3 9
Military authority subordinate to Civil 1 1
Commission except in Militia disqualifies for Legislature 3 4
Service commutation for goes to Public Schools 8 3
Companies Volunteer organizations 10 1
Companies Volunteer paid only when called by
State 10 1
Militia officers may be members of Legislature 3 4
Governor is commanderinchief of 5 1
District one Justice of the Peace for each 6 7
District one commissioned Notary for each 6 8
Organization of may be provided for 10 1
Paid only when called out by State 10 1
Minors family of entitled to Homestead 9 1
Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead 9 2
Misconduct of member of Legislature how punished 3 7
Mistrial in criminal cases authorizes a second trial 1 1
Money not to be donated by State to any church etc 1 1
Illegal holders of public disqualified for office 2 4
Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature 3 4
Authority aDd manner of drawing from Treasury 3 7
Borrowed by State laws for and use of 7 4
Monopoly provisions against 4 2
Municipal Corporationsee City
N
Names of children changed by Courts 3 7
Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7
Navy of State Governor is Commander of 5 1
New trial in criminal cases authorizes second trial 1 1
In criminal cases may be granted on conviction 1 2
May be granted by Superior and City Court 6 4
p
4
14
1
3
5
1
1
8
5
13
1
19
7
1
2
3
7
i
11
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
8
14
1
7
11
1
4
18
18
11
8
1
6
54
N ew Continued
Counties not to be formed 11 1
Notaries Public commissioned part of Judiciary 6 1
Appointment commission and powers 6 8
Novation of charter what shall so operate 4 2
O
Oath of voter if challenged 2 1
Of member of General Assembly 3 4
Of Governor 5 1
To pleas 3 4
Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 1 3
Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2
Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4
Who may not hold 2 2
Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 3 5
Profiting from use of public money disqualifies for 7 9
Conviction of Dueling disqualifies for 2 4
Religious opinion does not disqualify for 1 1
In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator disqualified for 3 4
Malfeasance in disfranchises 2 2
Officers are trustees of the people and amenable to them 1 1
Of one department disqualified to act in another 1 1
Returns of election of where made 2 6
Of State or the United Statesdisqualified for Legislature 4
Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator 3 4
Of General Assembly who are 5 1
Of Executive Department who are 3 8
Of Executive Department report suspension and
removal of 5 1
Profiting from use of public fund punishable 7 9
Extra compensation to after service prohibited 7 16
Not to be interested in Public Printing 7 17
Not to levy on Homestead 9 2
Of County election removal and disqualification of 11 2
Of county to be uniform except Commissioners 11 3
Now existing to continue till successor qualified 12 1
Order passed by Legislature must have Governors approval 5 1
Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by
twothirds vote 3 7
Must have but one subjectmatter and same as title 3
Of the Convention authority of 12 1
p
2
1
1
3
2
5
10
7
2
6
1
1
5
1
2
13
7
1
1
23
1
7
7
1
1
18
1
2
1
1
1
1
7
17
13
8
3
55
OrdinancesContinued
Of the Convention to have effect of laws 12 1
See Ordinances in Appendix
Ordinary Courts of parts of Judiciary 6 1
Courts of jurisdiction of 6 6
Term of office 6 6
Origin of Government is with the people 1 1
P
Papers secure from search and seizure except as provided 1 1
Pardon removes political disabilities of convict 2 2
Of Duelists removes political disabilities of convict 2 4
Power in Governor must report to the Legislature 5 1
Passage of bills readings necessary 3 7
Of Bills majority of all members necessary 3 7
Passenger Tariffrestriction on 4 2
Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6
Affidavit relieves from costs in Supreme Court 6 21
Tax for support of 7 6
Paysee Compensation Salary
Peace soldiers not to be quartered in houses in time of 1 1
Governor is conservator of 5 1
Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court 6 4
jPer diem of members of the Legislature 3 9
Perquisites not allowed officers Executive Department 5 2
Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13
From use of public funds by officers punishable 7 9
Persons and property to be protected by Government 1 1
Not to be molested for religious opinions 1 1
Bights not to be affected but by due process of law 1 1
May prosecute or defend in person or by attorney 1 1
Charged with offenses rights of 1 1
Life or Liberty not to be jeopardized but once for
same crime 1 1
Houses and papers secure from illegal search 1 1
Personalty amount of exemption of from levy and sale 9 1
Petitions and remonstrance right of guaranteed 1 1
Pleas under oath in certain cases required 6 4
Police of the State right of people to regulate 1 5
Power not abridged in favor of corporations 4 2
Policyholders in Life Insurance Companies protected 3 12
Poll tax not to exceed one dollar 7 2
Goes to educational purposes 8 3
p
8
1
1
3
1
16
1
2
12
7
14
15
2
1
2
19
12
1
1
7
1
1
2
13
3
4
5
8
16
1
24
7
1
2
13
3
1
56
A S P
Practice in courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Precincts for elections how changed 3 7 18
President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce 3 5 2
Must sign acts 3 7 13
Per diem 3 9 1
Presides in joint session 3 10 1
Acts as Governor when 5 18
Press liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Printing public to be let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Prisoners not to be abused 1 1 O
Tax for support of by counties 7 6 2
Private ways to be allowed only on compensation paidL 13 1
Acts authority of9 12 1 4
Rights accrued by law authority of 12 1 5
Privileges special not to be irrevocably granted 1 3 2
Special not be revoked so as to do injustice 13 3
Probate jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 1
Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals 3 7 4
Of courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rights 113
Proclamation of Governor calling extra session 5 1 13
Of Governor on ratification of Constitution 13 2 2
Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5
Prolongation of Legislative session by twothirds vote 3 4 8
Resolutions not submitted to Governor 3 7 23
Promissory notes suits on where tried 6 16
Property of person not to be molested for religious
opinions 1 1 13
Protection to shall be impartial and complete 112
Not taken for public use without compensation 13 1
Concealed by debtor to be reached by law 12 6
Of wife not subject to husbands debts 3 11 1
List of exempt from taxi 7 2 2
Amount of exempt from levy and sale 9 11
Protection to person and property paramount duty of
Government 1 1 2
Prosecution rights of defendants in cases of 1 1 5
Provision waiver of exemption of restricted 9 3 1
Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises 2 2 1
Officer not to receive profit from use of 7 9 1
Treasurer not to receive profit from use of 5 2 5
See Money
Public use of private property without compensation
prohibited 13 1
Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2
57
Public Continued
a s P
Buildings tax by county for authorized 7 6 2
Debt and institutions tax for 7 1 1
Property charitable institutions and libraries exempt from tax 7 2
Printing let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Printing officers of Govomment not to be interested in 7 17 1
School systemsee Education 8 1 1
Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Journal of General Assembly 3 7 4
Receipts and disbursements of Treasury 3 7 11
Intention to introduce Local Bills 3 7 15
Reports of Secretary of State Comptroller and
Treasurer 7 15 1
Proposed amendment to Constitution 13 1 1
Punishment for crime by whipping or banishment prohibited 1 1
For contempt by Courts limited 1 V 25
Not to be cruel or unusual 1 1
Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund 7 14 1
Money homestead liable for 9 2 1
Purchaser of old homestead how affected 9 8 1
a
Qualification for Governor 5 1 7
For Senator 2 51
For Representative 3 6 1
Each House to judge of as to its own members 3 7 1
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 6
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor and
AttorneyGeneral 6 14 1
County officersv H 2 1
Quarantine tax by county for expenses of 7 6 2
Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majority 3 4 4
Of Supreme Court 6 2 1
R
Railroad may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Freights and Tariff subject to legislation 4 2 1
May build branch roads free from conditions of 4 2 3
Shall not deceive public as to rates 4 2 5
See Corporations
Railway Street not to run in City without its consent 3 7 20
58
A Sr P
Kates of freight and passage subject to legislation 4 2 1
Public not to be deceived as to amount charged 4 2 5
Realty Homestead of 9 11
Rebate of rates charged by Railroad not allowed 4 2 5
Recognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture of 3 7 19
Reelection Governor not eligible for four years after
two terms 5 12
Registration of Electors may be required by law 2 2 1
Rejection of nomination by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of bill by Legislature effect of 3 7 13
Religious opinion civil and political rights not affected
by l i 13
Denomination not to receive money from State 1 1 14
Worship places of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Remittance of sentence in power of Governor 5 1 12
Of forfeited Charter only on conditions 4 2 3
Remonstrance and petition right of guaranteed 1 1 24
Removal of legislator from district vacates bis seat 3 4 8
Of disabilities in power of Governor 5 1 12
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
Of Justice of the Peace for malpractrice 6 7 3
Of County Officers 11 2 1
From office effect of Impeachment 3 5 5
Repealing law form of 3 7 17
Reports of Insurance Companies to the Governor 3 12 5
Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governor 7 15 1
Representatives election and term of 3 4 12
Qualification of 3 6 1
House of part of General Assembly 3 11
Number and Apportionment of members of 3 3 1
Apportionment how changed 3 3 2
Representatives House of Speaker of how elected 3 6 2
Clerk of compensation and bond of 3 8 1
Impeaching power vested in 3 6 3
Local and Special bills must originate in 3 7 15
Appropriation and Revenue bills must originate in 3 7 10
Journal ofsee Journal
Representation of Constitutional Convention apportionment of 13 1 2
Reprieve in power of Governor 5 1 12
Residence requisite to vote 2 12
Resignation of Governor who acts in case of 5 1 8
Resolutions of Appropriation must be passed by yeas
and nays 3 7 12
59
Resolutions Continued
a s P
Requiring Governors approval 5 1 17
Requiring a twothirds vote yeas and nays must
be recorded 3 7 21
Having effect of law result of rejection 3 7 13
Retroactive legislation prohibited 1 3 2
Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge
for itself3 7 1
To whom made 2 6 1
Of Governor how made 5 14
Of Governor how published 5 15
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
On Ratification of Constitution 13 2 2
Revenue bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10
Deficiencies of in State supplied by loans 7 3 1
Deficiencies of in County or City 7 7 1
And roads County Commissioners forf 11 3 1
Rights not enumerated are not denied 15 2
Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 1
Tax for keeping up by County 7 6 2
And revenue County Commissioners for 11 3 1
S
Sailor in U S Service not entitled to vote because not
stationed here 2 12
Salary of Governorv 5 12
Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller 5 2 234
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolicitorGeneral 6 13 1
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts how
changed 6 13 2
Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debt 7 13 1
Exemptions from 9 11
Of homestead how affected 9 3 1
Of old homestead how affected 9 9 1
Of old homestead heretofore made ratified 9 81
Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme
Court 6 2 5
Scire Facias writ of issued by Judge Superior Court 6 4 5
Schools Public how established by city or county 8 4 1
Public existing local system not affected 8 5 1
Not public may share school fund when 8 5 1
See Education
Seal Great use and design of v 5 3 1
Search of persons houses and papers warrant for 1 1 16
Seconds in Duel on conviction disqualified for office 2 4 2
0
A S P
Secretary of State returns of election to be made to 2 6 1
Officer of Executive Department 5 l 1
Election of 5 2 1
Salary and Clerk hire of 5 2 3
Eligibility and Bond of 5 2 6
Perquisites to forbidden5 2 7
Is keeper of Great Seal 5 3 1
Senate compensation and bond of 381
Governor compensation of 5 1 19
Securities on forfeited recognizances when relieved 3 7 19
Seizure of persons and papers provisions against 1 1 16
Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Senate is a branch of General Assembly 3 11
Consists of 44 members 3 2 1
May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue bills 3 7 10
Impeachments to be tried before 3 5 3
Senate nomination rejected by effect of 5 1 15
President and Secretary ofSee President and Secretary
Senatorial Districts number composition and change of 3 2 123
Senators number not to be increased 3 2 3
Election and term of 3 4 12
Qualification ofI 3 5 1
Sentence commuted or remitted by Governor 5 1 12
Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime
prohibited 1 1 17
Sessions of General AssemblySee General Assembly
Of Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of Superior Court 6 4 8
Of JusticesCourt 6 7 2
Setting aside homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 1
Shares in one corporation not to be bought by another to
monopolize 4 2 4
Shows special tax on goes to educational purposes 8 3 1
Sinking fund provided for 7 14 1
Site of county how changed 11 1 4
Slavery forbidden 1 1 17
Social status of citizens not subject of legislation 1 1 18
Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except
when 1 1 19
Of U S not to vote on account of being stationed
here 2 12
Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates 7 11
61
SolicitorGeneral term of office and duties of
Election by the Legislature
Salary of
Qualification of
Speaker of House of Representatives bow elected
Must sign Acts
Per diem of
Acts as Governor when
Special law not to be enacted when provision is made by general law
Changing general law in particular cases how passed For benefit of corporation conditional
Election of Governor
See Local
Speech Liberty of not to be curtailed
State aid to corporations or persons in any manner prohibited
State aid by donation prohibited
To religious donation prohibited
Printer office abolished
Statement of Treasurer to be published
Stockholder in corporation State county or city not to be
Street railroad not to run in city without consent of authorities
Suits may be brought by or against counties
Against State to test void or Confederate bonds prohibited
See Venue
Superior Court is part of Judiciary
Jurisdiction of exclusive
Jurisdiction of general and appellate
Jurisdiction of to issue extra writs
Appeal and new trials in
Appeal from Ordinary to
Appeal from Justices to
Sessions of
Judge one for each circuit and term of
Election of
Salary and qualification of
May change venue when
May preside in Supreme Court when
May preside in City Court when
Appoints Notary Public ex officio Justice of the Peace
Sanctions sale of Homesteads
Supplemental Homestead laws to be provided for
A S p
6 11 12
6 12 1
6 13 1
6 14 1
3 6 2
3 7 13
3 9 1
5 1 8
1 4 1
1 4 1
4 2 3
5 1 9
1 1 15
7 5 1
7 16 1
1 1 14
7 17 1
3 7 11
7 56 1
3 7 20
11 1 1
7 11 1
6 1 1
6 4 1
6 4 3 4
6 4 5
6 4 6
6 6 1
6 7 2
6 4 8
6 3 1
6 12 1
6 1314 1
6 17 1
6 2 2
6 5 1
6 8 1
9 38 1
9 5 1
62
s P
Supreme Court part of Judiciary 6 1 1
Constitution of 6 2 1
Jurisdiction sessions and practice 6 26 67
Cost in and paupers affidavit 6 21 1
Judges election and term 6 2 4
Judges election and vacancies how filled 6 12 1
Salary and qualification of 61314 1
When disqualified in particular case 6 2 2
Suspension from oflce of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
T
Tax to he paid before voting 2 12
Defaulters ineligible to Legislature 3 4 7
By county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness 7 7 2
By county or city for school purposes 8 4 1
By county limited to certain purposes 7 6 2
May be imposed by Legislature for what purpose 7 11
Must be uniform ad valorem and by general law 7 2 1
On domestic animals of vicious nature 7 2 1
Exemptions from other exemptions void 7 2 24
Poll for educational purposes7 2 3
Special for educational purposes 8 3 1
States power to impose not to be restrained 4 11
Of corporations not to be surrendered 725
To raise a Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Lien good against Homestead 9 2 1
Act authority of 12 1 3
Act must originate in the House 3 7 10
Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Terms of office of Governor 5 12
Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 6 3 13
Justice of the Peace 6 7 1
Ordinary 6 6 3
Attorney and SolicitorGeneral 6 1011 1
State School Commissioner 8 2
County officers I1 2 1
Members of General Assembly 3 4 1
Testimony criminating himself witness not obliged to
give 1 1 8
Title law must not contain matter different from 3 7 8
To land cases involving where brought 6 16 2
63
Title Continued
A S P
To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior
Court 6 4 1
Treason what is and how convicted of 1 2 2
Conviction of disfranchises 221
Pardon respite or commutation for 5 1 12
Treasurer election and term of office 5 2 1
Examination byGovernor 5 1 18
Officer of Executive Department 5 1 1
Removal of 51 18
Salary and Clerks hire of 5 2 2
Perquisites not allowed 5 2 7
Fee other than salary not allowed to 5 2 5
Bond and qualification of 5 2 6
To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies 3 12 4
To make quarterly reports to Governor 7 15 1
And Governor authorized to loan Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Draw money from Treasury in what manner 3 7 11
Treaty force and authority of 12 1 1
Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant 1 1 5
By jury remains inviolate 6 18 1
Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform 11 3 1
Trustees of the people public officers are 1 1 1
The University of Georgia may accept donations etc 8 6 1
Families of minor children entitled to Homestead 9 11
U
Unexpired term of Governor special elections 5 1 9
Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and
SolicitorGeneral 6 12 1
Uniformity required in operation of general laws 1 4 1
In county officers and tribunals 11 3 1
In courts of same grade 6 9 1
In taxation 7 2 1
University of Georgia appropriations to 8 6 1
United States Constitution acts in violation of void 1 4 2
Treaties and laws authority of 12 1 1
Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here 2 1 2
V
Vacancy in office of Governor 5 18
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 6 3 2
Judge Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor
General 6 12 1
64
V acancy Continued
A S
Members General Assembly 5 1
Governor may fill when not otherwise provided 5 1
Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is interested 6 2
Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit 7 11
Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4
Venue in cases of divorce 6 16
Of land titles 6 16
Of Equity 6 16
Against joint obligors acceptors indorsers etc 6 16
Civil and criminal generally 6 16
Civil and criminal changed how 6 17
Verdicts judgments without when 6 4
First and second in divorce cases 6 15
Veto of Governor overruled by twothirds vote 3 7
Viva voce voting by General Assembly 3 10
Void bonds of State not to be paid 7 11
Volunteer companies organization of 10 1
Not paid unless called out by State 10 1
Vote by the people shall be by ballot 2 1
Who is entitled toOath of voter 2 1
Who not entitled to 2 2
By General Assembly to be viva voce 3 10
Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be
recorded 3 7
Of twothirds being required does not do away with
Governors approval 3 7
Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7
Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted
to Governor 5 l
Of General Assembly in elections must appear in
House Journal 3 10
W
Waiver of Homestead 8 3
Of old exemption 9 5
War bonded debt may be increased for purposes of 7 12
Debt of county or city for may be assumed by State 7 8
Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of 7 3
Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1
Tax to defend State in time of 7 1
Warrant for search how obtained 1 1
Ways private may be granted after compensation paid 1 3
Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited 9 3
Western Atlantic R R if sold proceeds how applied 7 13
p
13
14
3
1
1
1
2
3
45
6
1
7
1
23
1
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
21
23
23
17
1
1
1
1
1
1
19
16
1
1
1
65
Whipping as punishment for crime prohibited 1 7
White and colored public schools to be separate 81 1
Widows pensions provided for 7 1
Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 1
Wild Land Clerk compensation of 5 2
Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendant as to 115
Not compelled to criminate xhemselves 11 8
Two necessary to convict of treason 1
Worship of God may be according to conscience 1 1 12
Place of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Y
Yeas and Nays to be recorded in Journal
At request of onefifth
On appropriation bills and resolutions
When twothirds vote is required
On amendments to Constitution
3 7 6
3 7 12
3 7 21
13 1 1

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