Manual of the General Assembly, 1884

6 t
I
A MEMORIAL TO HER GRANDFATHER AND FATHER
JOHN RAT
OF NEWNAN GEORGIA 17901868
AND
LAVENDER RRAY
OF NEWNM AND ATLANTAGEORGIA
18421916
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
PRESENTED TO
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBRARY
BY
MRS RUBY FELDER RAT THOMS

MANUAL
OF THE
General Assembly
1884
Jas P Harrison Co Printers and Binder
OFFICERS OF THE
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
Henry D McDaniel J W Warren I H E W Palmer
W H Harrison John A Stephens Nathan C Barnett Wm A Wright Robt U Hardeman
Clifford Anderson
Gustavus J Orr
John T Henderson
John W Nelms
Willis F Westmoreland
Governor
Secretaries Ex Department
Warrant and Minute Clerk Ad j u tantGeneral
Secretary of State
ComptrollerGeneral
Treasurer
AttorneyGeneral
State School Commissioner Commissioner of Agriculture Principal Keeper Penitentiary Prin Physician Penitentiary

MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF
THE GEORGIA SENATE
IN 1884
President
Henry H Carlton Twentyseventh District Athens Ga President pro tem
John S Davidson Eighteenth District Augusta Ga Secretary
Wm A Harris Isabella Ga
Assistant Secretary
H H Cabaniss Atlanta Ga
Journalizing Clerk
J TYTaylor Atlanta Ga
Calendar Clerk
W E Candler Blairsville Ga
Enrolling Clerk
H C Peeples Atlanta Ga
Engrossing Clerks
J C Campbell Atlanta Ga JG Parks Dawson Ga
Committee Clerk
J L Lawton Atlanta Ga
Messenger
A J Cameron Cobbville Ga
DoorKeeper
L J Allred Jasper Ga
6
First DistrictChatham Bryan and Effingham
ROBERT FALLIGANT Savannah
Second DistrictLiberty Tatnall and McIntosh y THOMAS CLIFTONReidsville
Third DistrictWayne Pierce and Appling
LEMUEL JOHNSON Graham
Fourth DistrictGlynn Camden and Charlton y R M TlSON Jamaica
Fifth DistrictCoffee Ware and Clinch
JM WILCOX Douglas
Sixth DistrictEchols Lowndes and Berrien
T G CRANFORDStatenville
Seventh DistrictBrooks Thomas and Colquitt
ROBERT G MITCHELLThomasville
Eighth DistrictDecatur Mitchell and Miller
D A RUSSELL Bainbridge
Ninth DistrictEarly Calhoun and Baker
HENRY C SHEFFIELDArlington
Tenth DistrictDougherty Lee and Worth
H L LONG Leesburg
Eleventh DistrictClay Randolph and Terrell
L C HOYLE Dawson
Twelfth DistrictStewart Webster and Quitman
C C HUMBER x Lumpkin
Thirteenth DistrictSumter Schley and Macon
W D MURRAY V Ellaville
Fourteenth DistrictDooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge
S D FULLER House Creek
Fifteenth DistrictMontgomery Telfair and Irwin
ALLEN McARTHURLumber City
Sixteenth DistrictLaurens Emanuel and Johnson
G S ROUNTREE Swainsboro
Seventeenth DistrictScreven Bullock and Burke
T J McELMURRAY Waynesboro
Eighteenth DistrictRichmond Glascock and Jefferson
JOHN S DAVIDSONAugusta
7
Nineteenth DistrictTaliaferro Greene and Warren
T E BRISTOW Crawfordsvitle
Twentieth DistrictBaldwin Hancock and Washington
W J NORTHEN Sparta
Twentyfirst DistrictTwiggs Wilkinson and Jones
H B RIDLEY Clinton
Twentysecond DistrictBibb Monroe and Pike
T B CABANISS Forsyth
Twentythird DistrictHouston Crawford and Taylor
J F SYKES Byron
Twentyfourth DistrictMuscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
B A THORNTON Columbus
Twentyfifth DistrictHarris Upson and Talbot
J Y ALLEN Thbmaston
Twentysixth DistrictSpalding Butts and FayetteWILLIAM HODGES Starke
Twentyseventh DistrictNewton Walton Clarke Oconee and
Rockdale
H H CARLTON Athens
Twentyeighth DistrictJasper Putnam and Morgan FLEMING JORDAN Monticello
Twentyninth DistrictWilkes Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie
F H COLLEY Washington
Thirtieth DistrictOglethorpe Madison and Elbert
JAMES M SMITH Winterville
Thirtyfirst DistrictHart Habersham and Franklin
JOHN F CRAFT Hartwell
Thirtysecond DistrictWhite Dawson and Lumpkin
DAVIS E SMITH Dawsonville
Thirtythird DistrictHall Banks and Jackson
OLIVER CLARK Gainesville
Thirtyfourth DistrictGwinnett DeKalb and Henry
JAMES E BROWN McDonough
Thirty fifth DistrictClayton Cobb and Fulton WILLIAM A TIGNER Jonesboro
Thirtysixth DistrictCampbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas L R RAYNewnan

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Thirtyseventh DistrictCarroll Heard and Troup
J H TRAYLOR LaGrange
Thirtyeighth DistrictPolk Paulding and Haralson
JM MCBRIDE Buchanan
Thirtyninth DistrictMilton Cherokee and Forsyth THOMAS L LEWIS Alpharetta
Fortieth DistrictUnion Towns and Rabun
McG CALDWELL Blairsville
Fortyfirst DistrictPickens Fannin and Gilmer

WILLIAM T DAY Jasper
Fortysecond DistrictBartow Floyd and Chattooga
JOHN W MADDOX Summerville
Fortythird DistrictGordon Murray and Whitfield
W R RANKIN Calhoun
Fortyfourth DistrictWalker Dade and Catoosa
R M W GLENN LaFayette
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE SENATE
JUDICIARY
Mr Cabaniss Chairman
Jordan Allen
Thornton Mitchell
Davidson McBride
J Rankin Hoyle
Colley Tigner SPECIAL JUDICIARY Mr Falligant Chairman
Maddox Ray
Russell Glenn
Sheffield Day Lewis FINANCE Mr Davidson Chairman
Colley Tison
Northen Traylor
Maddox Long
Smith of 30th Clark
Johnson Smith of 32d
McElmurray Craft
Ridley Fuller
Humber Murray
2
Thornton RAILROADS Mr Colley Chairman Johnson
Cabaniss Cranford
Falligant Maddox
Hoyle Long
Russell McArthur
Sheffield Hodges
Davidson Tison
Mitchell CORPORATIONS Mr Rankin Chairman Brown
Allen Lewis
Jordan Day
McBride Fuller
Smith of 30th INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
Traylor Mr Russell Chairman Bristow
Sykes Clifton
Brown Rountree
Ray McElmurray
Day Allen
Caldwell Tigner
Johnson BANKS Mr Jordan Chairman Falligant
Davidson Traylor
Thornton Humber
McElmurray Murray
3
AGRICULTURE
Mr Smith of 30th Chairman
Northen Long
Craft Caldwell
Ridley Clifton
Humber Cranford
Glenn McArthur
Jordan McElinurray
Rountree
Tison Wilcox
PENITENTIARY Mr Thornton Chairman
Lewis Ridley
Maddox Craft
Jordan Johnson
Cabaniss Sykes
Mitchell Bristow
Smith of 30th ison
EDUCATION
Mr Northen Chairman
Davidson Craft
Tigner Lewis
Thornton Smith of32d
Uolley Glenn
Allen Wilcox
Ray Long
Rankin Murray
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yHoyle STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Mr Ray Chairman Day
Tison McElmurray
Cranford Bristow
Russell Sykes
Hoyle PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Mr Sheffield Chairman Traylor
Russell Bristow
Sykes Wilcox
Ridley LUNATIC ASYLUM Mr Humber Chairman Sykes
Cranford Glenn
Johnson Traylor
Craft Rountree
Bristow McArthur
Northen Northern ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND Mr Tigner Chairman Murray
Brown McBride
Smith of 32d Tison
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DEAF AND DUMB ASYLUM
Sheffield Clark Fuller Hodges Mr McElmurray Chairman Caldwell Cranford Wilcox Clifton Traylor MILITARY
Falligant Colley Cabaniss Johnson Mr Maddox Chairman Davidson Tison Mitchell Ridley PUBLIC PROPERTY Mr Mitchell Chairman
Rankin Johnson
Smith of 30th McElmurray
Tigner Hoyle
Thornton Traylor
Maddox rown ENROLLMENT
Russell Northen Jordan Long Mr McBride Chairman Cabiniss Sykes Caldwell Rountree AUDITING
Cranford Clifton Mr Clark Chairman McArthur Murray
PRINTING
Glenn Humber Mr Brown Chairman Bristow Smith of BOth MINES AND MINING
Lewis Day Clark Mr Smith 32d Chairman Craft Caldwell Glenn PETITIONS
Sykes Wilcox Allen Mr Traylor Chairman Hodges Rountree Caldwell STATE LIBRARY
Sheffield Falligant Mr Allen Chairman Thornton Long PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR
Bristow Long Mr Ridley Chairman Ray McBride JOURNALS
Russel Rountree Mr Lewis Chairman Cranford Murray Glenn
7
Murray
Cranford
Tigner
Northen
Allen
Sykes
Humber
Mr
Davidson
Rankin
ENGROSSING
Mr Johnson Chairman
Brown
Day
TEMPERANCE
Mr Hoyle Chairman
Clifton
Hodges
Rountree
Wilcox
Smith of 32d
ON RULES
Carlton Chairman by Senate Resolution Northen
Ray
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE
1 The President shall take the chair every day at the hour to which the Senate shall have adjourned and after prayer shall immediately call the Senate to order and if a quorum be present after calling the roll and reading the Journal of the preceding day proceed to business as follows
1 Unfinished Business
2 Presentation of Petitions
3 Reports of Standing Committees
4 Reports of Select Committees
5 Messages from the Governor
6 Messages from the House of Reprsentatives
7 Introduction of Bills and reading the first time on
Mondays and Thursdays of each Week
8 Reading of Bills the second time on Wednesdays
and Saturdays of each week
9 Motions and Resolutions
10 Special Orders
11 General Orders But messages from the Governor
and House of Representatives and reports from the Committee of Enrollment may be received under any order of business
2 The President shall preserve order and shall decide questions of order without debate subject to an appeal to the Senate In all cases the sense of the Senate shall be taken upon the largest number or sum and the longest time proposed
3 No member shall in any way interrupt the businSs of the Senate while the Journal or public papers are being
10
road or when any member is speaking in debate or while the President is putting the question
4 When any member is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall rise and respectfully addresB Mr President If two or more rise at once the President shall name the member who is first to speak
5 No member shall be allowed to speak on any one subject of debate a second time until all Senators who wish to do so have spoken on the question
6 When a question is under debate the President shall receive no motion but to adjourn to lay on the table the previous question to postpone to a day certain to commit to amend or to postpone indefinitely which several motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand arranged the motions to adjourn to lay on the table to take from the table and for the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate
7 The motion for the previous question shall take precedence of all other motions except a motion to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first questionshall be Shall the motionfor the previous question be sustained If decided in the affirmative the Senate shall then proceed to act on the previous question but before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing debate Thhfohairman of the committee or the introducer of tfieSbiIl of other measure may yield the floor to such persons as they may indicate for the time allowed them under this rule
8 If the question in debate contains several points and is susceptible of division any member may have the same divided
9 When the yeas and nays shall be called for by onefifth of the members present each member called upon shall
11
unless for special reasons he be excused bj the Senate declare openly his assent or dissent to the question
10 When a motion is made it shall be stated to the Senate by the President before any debate be had thereon but every motion shall be reduced to writing if the President so direct or any member desire it
11 All committees shall be appointed by the President unless the Senate order otherwise
12 When a motion has been stated by the President or read by the Secretary it shall be considered to be in possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision or amendment but not after an amendment unless the Senate give leave
13 No member who is interested in the decision of any question in such a manner that he cannot vote may stay in the Senate when such question is discussed or decided Provided however that this rule shall not extend to sitting members in contested elections
14 When the Senate has voted to appoint a committee to prepare a bill or resolution upon any subject no person shall be on such committee who was opposed to the vote of the Senate
15 If any member in speaking or otherwise shall transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall and any member may call him to order and if speaking he shall sit down unless permitted to explain the Senate if appealed to shall decide the question without debate
16 It shall be in order for any Senator to move fur a reconsideration of any action of the Senate not preyjously reconsidered immediately after the confirmation of the q Journal on the day of actual session next after the action fiQ sought to be reconsidered provided notice of the mofion to reconsider shall have been given beforelie reading of the Journal is finished Sueh notice may be given at any time after the action of the Senate and when given on the day
of such action shall be entered on the Journal or by unan
12
imous consent such motion may be in order at any time after the action without previous notice Any action which cannot be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of the action AThe action of the Senate on an amendment may be reconsidered at any I time before final action on the section bill or resolution to J jwhich it relates
17 Before any petition or memorial addressed to the Senate shall be received and read at the table whether the same shall be introduced by the President or a member a brief statement of the contents or object of the petition or memorial shall be orally made by the introducer
18 All questions shall be put by the President of the Senate and the Senators shall signify their assent or dissent by answering vwavoce Yes or No and whenever the vote shall be doubtful or questioned it shall be determined by the members rising
19 The following standing committees consisting of not less than five each except that of the Judiciary and Finance which shall be composed of not less than nine each shall be appointed at the commencement of the first session towit
A General Committee on the Judiciary
A Special Committee on the Judiciary
On Finance
On Internal Improvements
On State of the Republic
On General Education
On Railroads
On Banks
On Corporations
On Enrollment
On Privileges and Elections
On Petitions
On Lunatic Asylum
On Penitentiary
13
On Public Property
On Military
On Printing
On Academy for the Deaf and Dumb
On Institution for the Blind
On Agriculture
On Auditing
On Mines and Mining
On Engrossing
On State Library
On Journals
On Privileges of the Floor
On Temperance
On Rules
20 In absence of the President and President pro tem the Secretary shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be elected which shall be the first business of the Senate
21 No person other than the Governor officers of the State House members and officers of the General Assembly and Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts unless by a vote of the Senate shall be admitted within the Senate Chamber
22 Use of the Senate Chamber shall not be granted for any purpose unless by a vote of fourfifths of the members present
23 No debate shall be permitted upon any bill at the first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill be committed or engrossed In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read the second time and passed to a third reading without question When the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on the report of the committee If the report ot the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost but if the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted
14
24 No committee shall be permitted to employ a clerk at the public expense
25 No standing Rule or Order of the Senate shall be rescinded or changed without one days notice being given of the motion therefor nor shall any rule be suspended except by a vote of at least twothirds of the members present nor shall the Order of Business as established by the Rules of the Senate be postponed or changed except by a vote of at least twothirds of the members present
26 It shall be the duty of the Finance Committee of the Senate when any claim or demand against the State is pre sented to the committee for action to report in writing the name of the person or persons presenting such claim or demand its character and amount and the action of the committee thereon whether approved or disapproved which report shall be spread upon the Journal of the Senate
27 After the announcement of the Standing Committees no new member shall be added thereto by the Senate unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto
28 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION
1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise
2 When acting on Executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary
3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any persons nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret
4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books
5 Ail nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated during any session except by special order of the Senate and in trantrnitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file
RULES
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION
1 Tlie time of the meeting of the two Rouses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law
2 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives
3 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly
4 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate
5 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks
6 In elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote has been recorded bv mistake
7 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order
8 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lien thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General
18
Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former
9 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate
10 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened
11 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber
12 A majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session
13 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same
Officers of the House
W A LITTLE
L M LAMAR
M A HARDIN
C P HANSEL
E P SPEER
JAMES R SMITH R J WILSON
Speaker Speaker pro tern Clerk Assistant Clerk Journalizing Clerk Messenger Doorkeeper
MEMBERS
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
W A LITTLE of Columbus Speaker
B F Abbot Atlanta Elbert Fagan Fort Valley
J L Adderton Americus W H Felton Cartersville
J R Alexander Thomasville A W Fite Cartersville
J W Andrews Stone Mountain D B Fitzgerald Florence
L Arnheim Albany Frank Flynt Griffin
A J Avery Eubanks W J Ford Isabella
T P Baker Zebulon J S Franklin Bloys
Levi Ballard Palmetto J B Fraser Taylors Creek
B F Barksdale Washington J E Gardner Milner
C L Bartlett Macon W C Gill Leesburg
W W Beacb Baxley J B Goodwin Newnan
J J Beck Morgan W W Gordon Savannah
R L Berner Forsyth C H Greer Hillsboro
W P Bond Lithonia J M Gresham Social Circle
Weir Boyd Dahlonega F P Friffith Watkinsville
Adolph Brandt Augusta G W Gustin Macon
W G Brantley Blacksbear A T Hackett Ringgold
J W Brinson Stella ville L A Hall Eastman
W F Brown Carrollton C S Hamilton Higgston
J H Butt of Hall Gainesville T J Haralson Blairsville
W B Butt of MarionBuena Vista S H Hardeman Washington
M V alvin Augusta J D Harrellof Decatur Bainbridge
J M Canaday Darbyville Fla J W Harrell of LowndesValdosta
H A Carithers Monroe D B Harrell of WebsterPreston
N B Cash Nicholson N E Harris M aeon
Willis Cason Cason Wm Harrison Georgetown
Brinkley Chancy Blakely J C Hart Union Point
T C Chandler Grove Level Gaza way Hartridge Savannah
T J Chappell Columbus E C Hawes Thomson
A S Clay Marietta W M Hawkes Americus
C C Cleghorn Summerville R M Heard Elberton
G W Comer Roberts Station J B Heath Girard
R A Connell Whigham B Z Herndon Dalton
J H Corn Visage J E Hightower Dublin
T C Crenshaw LaGrange J K Hines Sandersville
J E Dart Brunswick Levi Hollinsworth Yellow Dirt
S M Davenport Buchanan J W Hopson Quitman
John T Dennis Eaton ton G L Humphries Chamlee
Willis Dorminy Crisp W F Jenkins Eaton ton
R W Durden Math R B Johnson of Clinch Dupont
Tom Eason McVille J L Johnson of Floyd Rome
W D Ellis Atlanta J W Johnsonof Screven Sylvania
R W Everett Cedar Town E G Jones of Fayette Fairburn
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B F Jones of Miller
Hoggards Mill J F Jones of TroupHogansville John KytleAyersville
R N Lamar of Baldwin
Milled geville
L M Lamar of Pulaski
Hawkinsville J I LangstonClayton
M W Lewis of Greene Greensboro
J R Lewis of HancockSparta
J W LindseyIrwinton
W R LittleCarnesville
A LivelySardis
S T LofleyOglethorpe
A Lott Douglass
R 0 LovettWaynesboro
T J LumpkinTrenton
J H LynchHamilton
J J McCantsButler
J C F McCookCussetta
S G McClendonThomasville
Jos McWhorterStephens
Israel MaplesCamilla
M H MasonWrightsville
R B MatthewsLexington
J T MattoxReidsville
T B MeyersEllaville
L L MiddlebrooksCovington
W H MillerWaycross
T C Milner Calhoun
T B MontgomeryBaker
I N MoonPowder Springs
J W MooreCulverton
G H MorganMorel
T H NiblackJefferson
John PaimourDougherty
B B ParkerParkers store
H L PattersonCumraing
W J PeeplesHasslers Milis
T J PerryCuthbert
W R PoolBuford
C R PringleSandersville
T J RayDrayton
W F RaybonLulaton
E J ReaganMcDonough
Peter Reilly Savannah
Hubbard ReynoldsGriswoldville
W H RichardsonThomaston
C A RobbeAugusta
R B Russell of ClarkAthens
R A Russell of Harris Chipley
T J ScottDanielsville
W H ShurleyNorwood
John SimsLincolnton
R F C Smith of BryanEden
J N Smith of Crawford
Hickory Grove M M Smith of Douglas
Douglasville
W H Sn ad Nashville
J M SpinksDallas
C F StatenStatenville
O B Stevens Dawson
J A StewartConyers
Augustus StuddardRutledge
J H SuttonForsyth
A E TarverBartow
Carter TateJasper
W A TeasleyCanton
JW ThayerNewton
J M TerrellGreenville
John ThomasAtlanta
E C ThrashFlat Shoals
W A Turner of CowetaNewnan
J W Turner of FloydRome
R L UsryGibson
P G VeazeyPowelton
J M WalkerCave Spring
T A WardRex
H L Watkinsof Colquitt Moultrie E W Watkins of GilmerEllijay
J P WebbAlpharetta
W K WilliamsCleveland
R M WiliisTalbotton
A Wilson Camden Baileys Mills Hercules Wilson of McIntosh
Darien
J W WimberlyHenderson
J B Wbeeler LaFayette
Jackson WomackFort Gaines
J H WordBowden
Y A Wright Jackson
Me SpeakerColumbus
STANDING COMMITTEES
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
COMMITTEE ON GENERAL JUDICIARY
Mr Turner of Coweta Chairman
Gustin
Fite
Hawkes
Willis
Butt of Marion Alexander
Tate
Bartlett
Berner
Hardeman
Boyd
Hines
Little
Ellis
Hackett
Brandt
Terrell
Lindsey
Jenkins
Beck
Reagan
Hall
Lovett
Herndon
Russell of Harris Wright
Milner
2
COMMITTEE ON SPECIAL JUDICIARY
Mr Harrison Chairman Middlebrooks Smith of Douglas
Smith of Bryan Hightower
Hart Williams
Hartridge Lumpkin
Teasley Brantley
Flynt Johnson of Floyd
Brown Patterson Spinks
COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Mr Harris Chairman
Robbe Cash
Crenshaw Harrell of Decatur
Eason Watkins of Gilmer
Gordon Stevens
Abbott Cleghorn
Felton Russell of Clarke
Butt of Hall Ballard
McLendon Wimberly
Haralson Fitzgerald
Arnheim Corn
Lewis of Hancock Walker
Heard Adderton
Ford Usry
Dennis Ray
Harrell of Webster Wheeler
Chappell Clay Carithers
3
COMMITTEE ON CORPORATIONS
Mr Alexander Chairman
Ellis Hartridge
Hines Smith of Douglas
Brandt Brown
Harrison Beck
Lovett Hackett
Russell of Harris Little
Herndon Hart
Patterson Reagan
COMMITTEE ON RAILROADS
Mr Tate Chairman
Crenshaw Mason
Gordon Clay
Robbe Barksdale
Hawkes Cason
Abbott Langston
Bartlett Harrell of Decatur
McLendon Stewart
Eason Arnheim
Dart Word
Everett Miller
Turner of Floyd Gustin
Teasley Lofley
Butt of Marion Berner
Lewis of Hancock McCants
Sims Russell of Clarke Riy
4
COMMITTEE ON STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Mr Lamar of Pulaski Chairman
Felton Clay
Russell of Harris Hightower
Patterson Shurley
Hartridge Hines
Veasey Lindsey
Webb Corn
Flynt Ray bon
Brantley Wimberly
Smith of Douglas Sutton
Harrison Thrash
Hall Cash
jllart Parker
Milner Butt of Hall
Lively Thomas
COMMITTEE ON INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
Mr Ellis Chairman
Calvin Tarver
Mason Comer
Smith of Bryan Matthews
Moore Baker
Snead Meyers
button Palmour
Ward Heard
Gordon Thomas
Goodwin Watkins of Gilmer
Durden
COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
Mr
Harrell of Webster Jones of Troup Scott
Dennis
Lamar of Pulaski
A vary
McCants
Moore
Chancy
Griffith
Adderton
Fagin
Ballard
Lamar of Baldwin Pringle
Barksdale
Corn
Thrash
Peeples
Fitzgerald
Chandler
Lively
Thayer
Kytle
Hamilton
Connell
Comer
Gill
Harrell of Lowndes Gresham
Moon
Sutton
Ray bon
Andrews
Womack
Sims
Everett Chairman Lynch
Snead
Word
Baker
Franklin
Mattox
Goodwin
Dorming
Miller
Humphries
Reynolds
Calvin
Hollingsworth
Heath
McCook
Parker
Davenport
Jones of Miller Meyers
Studdard
Lott
Brinson
Usry
Langston
Webb
V eazey
Maples
Jones of Fayette Montgomery Johnson of Clinch Palmour
Durden
Matthews
Shurley
Hopson
Richardson
McWhorter
6
COMMITTEE ON PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS
Gust iu Mr Jenkins Chairman Haralson
Dart Clay
McLendon Richardson
Mason Hall
Hawkes Cason
Reilly Middlebrooks
Hines McCook
Pal in our Webb
Fite Thomas
Andrews COMMITTEE ON ENROLLMENT
Heard Mr Chappell Chairman Dennis
Hardeman Hopson
Terrell Milner
Pool Ni black
Fitzgerald Russell of Harris
Everett Patterson
Beck Thayer
Lumpkin Walker
Brantley McWhorter
Flynt COMMITTEE ON JOURNALS Mr Harrell of Lowndes Chairman Williams
Meyers Womack
Griffith Jones of Fayette
Walker Lott
Adderton Durden
Jones of f Iroup
7
COMMITTEE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS Mr Reilly Chairman
Lamar of Pulaski Chappell
Bartlett Word
Crenshaw Willis
Calvin Jenkins
Dart Arnheim
Ellis Berner
Butt of Marion Wright
Johnson of Floyd Thayer
Flynt Harrell of
COMMITTEE ON BANKS
Mr Gustin Chairman
Butt of Hall Fite
Willis
Brandt
Turner of Floyd Scott
Brantley
Reilly
Hardeman
Abbott
Stevens
Terrell
Reagan
Lindsey
Hightower Johnson of Screven Gardner
Hawes
Perry
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
Mr Calvin Chairman
Russell of Clarke Alexander
Lamar of Baldwin Boyd
Felton
Perry
Lynch
Ellis
Everett
Reilly
Hawkes
Pringle
Arnheim
Jones of Troup Chandler
Heard
Williams
Peeples Hardeman Hollingsworth Lewis of Greene
Middlebrooks
Niblack
Humphries
Lovett
Pool
Staten
Stewart
Womack
Morgan
Brinson
Parker
Mattox
Lofley
Gardner
Beach
Canaday
Harris
Ward
Fraser
Wilson of Camden Wilson of McIntosh
COMMITTEE ON DEAF AND DUMB ASYLUM
Mr Stewart Chairman
Perry
Walker
Sims
Fagin
Goodwin
Snead
Moon
Jones of Miller Chancy
Ford
Pool
Donning
Heath
Veazey
Lynch
Sutton
Womack
Lewis of Greene
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COMMITTEE ON ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND
Mr Crenshaw Chairman
Smith of Crawford Word
Gustin
Griffith
Hawes
Chandler
Cash
Peeples
Comer
Franklin
Davenport
Greer
Terrell
COMMITTEE ON LUNATIC ASYLUM Mr Bond Chairman
Felton
Mason
Avary
Barksdale
Scott
Lamar of Baldwin Harrell of Lowndes Jenkins
McCants
Palmour
Beach
Watkins of Colquitt Gresham Montgomery McCook
Smith of Crawford McWhorter
Wilson of McIntosh Fraser
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COMMITTEE ON PENITENTIARY
Mr Putt of Marion Chairman
Dart
Stewart
Tate
Willis
Jones of Troup Watkins of Gilmer Gustin
MeCants
Smith of Crawford Hall
Thrash
Beck
Hackett
Moore
Turner of Floyd Carithers
Staten
Cieghorn
Tarver
Harrison
Jones of Fayette Harrell of Lowndes Ray bon
Matthews
Johnson of Screven Hamilton
Thomas
Chancey
Reynolds
Ballard
Yeazey
Franklin
Wilson of Camden Fraser
COMMITTEE ON AUDITING
Spinks
Eason
McLendon
Little
Brown
Mr Arnheim Chairman
Hopson
Gardner
Watkins of Colquitt Ward
Lofley
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COMMITTEE COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS
Mr Eason Chairman
Teasley Langston
Griffith Humphries
Ford Beach
A vary Reynolds
Barksdale Richardson
Webb Canaday
Thomas Johnson nf Clinch
Hopson Niblack
Hollingworth Greer
Johnson of Screven Studdard
Ray Cason
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC PRINTING
Mr Butt of Hall Chairman
Fite Corn
Lovett Cleghorn
Lumpkin Gresham
Harrell of Webster Stevens
Little Reagan
Harrell of Decatur Greer
COMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION
Mr Moore Chairman
Wimberly Davenport
Kytle Mattox
Cason Usry
Alexander Ray
Shurley Goodwin
Wright Matthews
Lynch Lott
Brinson Morgan
Wheeler Walker
Brandt Montgomery
Raybon Richardson
Lewis of Hancock Tarver
Hollingsworth g
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COMMITTEE ON HYGIENE AND SANITATION
Mr Watkins of Colquitt Chairman Johnson of Screven Smith of Crawford
Sims Watkins of Gilmer
Felton Stewart
Hawes Bond
Cash
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC PROPERTY
Mr Abbott Chairman
Wimberly
Thrash v
Smith of Crawford McCook
Baker
Morgan
Franklin
Andrews
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LIBRARY
Lamar of Baldwin Lewis of Hancock Harrell of Lowndes Turner of Coweta Heath
Miller
Wheeler
Johnson of Floyd
Dennis
Stevens
Harris
Robbe
Shurley
Veazey
Ballard
Mr Hawkes Chairman Bond
Canaday
Thomas
Connell
Lewis of Greene Lively
COMMITTEE ON PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR
Berner
Thayer
Wright
Fitzgerald
Haralson
Mr Brantley Chairman Dart Milner Herndon Hartridge Tate
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COMMITTEE ON WILD LANDS
Snead Mr Dart Chairman Lindsey
Jones of Miller Scott
Peeples Maples
Chancy Brown
Smifeli of Douglas i Beach
Perry Williams
Wheeler Canaday
Connell Lively
Haralson Gill
Spinks Moon
Staten Johnson of Clinch
Dorminy Watkins of Colquitt
Greer Lott
Chandler COMMITTEE ON MINES AND MINING
Cleghorn Mr Boyd Chairman Langston
Kytle Haralson
Gresham Andrews
Lumpkin Montgomery
Avary Spinks
Jones of Fayette COMMITTEE ON ROADS AND BRLDGES
Mr Russell of Clarke Chairman
Lewis of Greene Parker
Baker Lofley
Wimberly Hamilton
Ford Bond
Kytle Smith of Bryan
Gill Tarver
Staten

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COMMITTEE ON MANUFACTURES
Mr Robbe Chairman
Hackett Gardner
Studdard Hightower
Carithers Johnson of Floyd
Ellis Johnson of Clinch
Gordon Moon
Niblack Word
COMMITTEE ON RULES
W A Little Speaker ex officio Chairman Lamar of Pulaski Russell of Clarke
Harris Hackett
COMMITTEE ON LOCAL AND SPECIAL BILLS
Mr Bartlett 6th District Chairman
1st DistrictSmith of Pryor
2d DistrictPerry of Randolph
3d DistrictAdderton of Sumter
4th DistrictCrenshaw of Troup
5th DistrictMiddlebrooks of Newton
7th DistrictFite of Bartow
8th DistrictHart of Greene
9th DistrictTeasley of Cherokee
10th DistrictPringle of Washington
15
COMMITTEE ON TEMPERANCE
1st District
2d a
3d c
4th a
5 th a
6th it
7th it
8th a
9th a
10th a
Mr Pringle Chairman
Morgan and Beach
Beck and Womack
Eason and Harrell of Webster Terrell and McCook
Bond and Carithers
Sutton and Lindsey
Felton and Everett
Lewis of Hancock and Parker Boyd and Butt of Hall
Pringle and Hawes
COMMITTEE ON EXCUSES OF MEMBERS
Mr Brandt
Harrison
Montgomery
Spinks
Humphries
Dennis
Smith of Crawfoid
Chairman Perry
Staten
McCants
Crenshaw
Middlebrooks
Snead
Tarver
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES t ADOPTED NOV 13 1884
Hs P VURRSOR GO PRVHTtRS
V
The Speaker exofficio Chairman of the Committee on Rules submitted the following report
Mr Speaker
The Committee on Rules herewith submit the following Rules forthe government of the House and recommend their passage Wu A Little
FxOfficio Chairman

RULES
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
DUTIES OP THE SPEAKER
Rule p The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command sileuce whenever he may deem it needful
Ride 2 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the House shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost
Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to proceed
Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House
Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any motion by the Speaker after the same has been read by the Clerk shall be as follows All you who are in favor of the motion will say aye and all you who are against it say no And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division is demanded by any member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their position and the Speaker shall announce the result
BEHAVIOR OF MEAtBERS
Rule 6 When any member is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the House he shall rise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker
4
He shall be confined to the matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any member in speaking or otherwise transgresses the Rules of the House the Speaker shall or may call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House
Rule 7 The members of the House shall forbear frojp private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat
Rule 8 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations bu t may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent
Rule 9 No member shall address the House or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Chair
Rule 10 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires
Rule 11 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Rule 12 No member shall smoke in the House nor shall he converse with any one over the bar thereof
Rule 13 Any member may call for a division of the question on ajanbject in which the sense thereof will admit of it
PREVIOUS QUUESTION
Rule 14 The previous question viz Shall the main question be now put shall only be admitted when de manded by a majority of the members voting and on the previous question there shall be no debate
5
Rule 15 The motion for the previous question shall take precedence of all other motions except a motion to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If decided in the affirmative the House shall then proceed to act on the previous question but before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing debate The chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such person as they may indicate for the time allowed them under this rule
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Rule 16 When a subject is before the House for consideration no motion shall be received but to adjourn to lay on the table for the previous question to postpone indefinitely to postpone to a day certain to commit or to amend which several motions shall have precedence in the order they stand here arranged No motion for adjournment shall be debatable and the motion for adjournment the second time shall be out of order until further progress has been made in the business before the House
Rule 17 All resolutions and all motions to amend any matter before the House shall be in writing no motion to lay an amendment on the table shall be in order and the yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of one fifth of the members present be entered on the Journal and the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting
Rule 18 When a message shall be sent to the House of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully com muni
6
cated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent
Rule 19 It shall be the ordjr of the day every Wednesday to take up and decide on reports of committees on petitions and all petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they were received unless otherwise ordered by a majority of the House
Rule 20 Any motion not privileged containing new matter shall lie at least one day on the table nor shall any bill ordinance resolution or other matter in any shape whether original in the House or transmitted from the Senate be brought before the House a second time during the same session after a determination has been had thereof except by a vote of twothirds of the members present
Rule 21 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision on consent of the House
Rule 22 Any member may entr a protest against any proceeding of the House
RECONSIDERATION
Rule 23 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be lead it shall be in the power of any member to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter has been reconsidered Provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is con firmed But in cases where the life of an individual is concerned or when he is in prison for life there may be two reconsiderations
Rule 24 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on
7
the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action The action of the House upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it re Wes
Rule 25 Bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of bills then in order for a third reading
BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Rule 26 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other matter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice having been given for that purpose
Rule 27 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first reading and tho question shall be Shall this bill be committed or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the bill shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In case of commitment it shall be to a committee of the whole House unless the House shall otherwise direct and bills committed to the whole House shall be con sidered in committee of the whole House In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House
Rule 28 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order
Rule 29 The House shall entertain no bill or amendment to a bill proposing to grant corporate powers and
8
privileges to private companies except to Banking Insurance Railroad Canal Navigation Express or Telegraph Companies nor to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names or legitimate children or grant divorces
Rule 30 No bill shall be entertained by the House which contains more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof and no bill shall be passed unless it shall receive a majority of all the votes of all the members elected to the House
Rule 31 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the House by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the House agreeing thereto
Rule 32 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both ho Lises for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal
Rule 33 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded And all proceedings touching the appropriation of money shall be first considered in the Committee of the whole House
Rule 34 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Rule 35 The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appiopriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and for support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
9
LOCAL AND SPECIAL LEGISLATION
Rule 36 No special or local bill shall be read or considered by the House until the same has been reported by the committee on local and special bills unless by a twothirds vote And no bill shall be considered or reported to the House by said committee unless the same shall have been laid before it within fifteen days after the organization of the General Assembly except by a twothirds vote Upon the introduction of local and special bills they shall be referred by reading the titles of the same to the committee on local and special bills except in case where introduced and read under the twothirds vote required by the constitution in which cases they may be referred in the first instance to the appropriate standing committee If the bills referred to the committee on local and special bills are reported back without consolidation with other bills the same shall then be read the first time when the introduction of new matter is in order and such consolidated bills shall be in order for reading and reference in like manner The standing committee to which such bills are referred shall in reporting thereon state whether the proper notices required by law have been given of the intention to apply for the passage of such bills On the passage of such bills the evidence of said notices shall be exhibited in the House
COMMITTEES
Rule 37 The Speaker shall appoint the following standing committees
General Committee on Judiciary for consideration of general bills
Special Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special or local bills
Committee on Finance
Committee on Corporations
Committee on Railroads
10
Committee on State of the Republic
Committee on Internal Improvements
Committee on Agriculture
Committee on Privileges and Elections
Committee on Enrollment
Committee on Journals
Committee on Military Affairs
Committee on Banks
Committee on Education
Committee on Deaf and Dumb Asylum
Committee on Blind Asylum I
Committee on Lunatic Asylum
Committee on Penitentiary
Committee on Auditing
Committees on Counties and County Matters
Committee on Public Printing
Committee on Immigration
Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation
Committee on Temperance
Committee on Public Property
Committee on Public Library
Committee on Privileges ofthe Floor
Committee on Wild Lands
Committee on Special and Local Bills
Committee on Mines and Mining
Committee on Roads and Bridges
Committee on Excuse of Members Absent withoutjeave Committee on Rules of which the Speaker shall be exofficio Chairman
ABSENTEES
Rule 38 The roll call at the opening of each session of the House shall not be dispensed with except by a threefourths vote of the members present
Rule 39 Upon the call of the members ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by
11
the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal The Clerk shall also keep in a book accessible to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leaveT and the members so absent without leave unless excused by the House shall not be entitled to draw pay for the time they are so absent
It shall be the duty of the Committee on Auditing to inquire into the matter before passing upon any members account
Excuses of members absent without leave shall be submitted to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House
COMPELLING ATTENDANCE
Rule 40 The power to compel the attendance of members in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House
The Messenger of the House shall be exofficio sergeantatarms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid
MISCELLANEOUS RULE8
Rule 41 A majority of the House shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of absent members
Rule 42 On all questions whether in committee or in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be put first
12
Rule 43 When a message from the Senate or from the Executive is announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper or Messenger all business shallbe suspended until the same is respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person bringing it
Rule 44 A simple majority may call up for consideration a paper ordered to lie on the table
Rule 45 Applause or hisses in the Representative Chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed
Rule 46 During the reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had
Rule 47 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or re monstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading
Rule 48 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer
Rule 49 Ho member shall vote upon any question in the event of which he is immediately and particularly inj terestedr in any case where he was not present when the question was put unless by permission of the House In every case of a contested seat the sitting member lina the contestant shall retire from the House before the vote is taken
Rule 50 The several standing committees of the House shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise
Rule 51 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be appointed
Rule 52 The Clerk shall take special care of the books provided for the use of the House
Rule 53 The joint Committee of Enrollment shall carefully compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting
13
any errors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith to the respective Houses
Rule 54 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call the counties for the introduction of new matter beginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet
Rule 55 The rules of this House shall in no case be suspended nor shall the order of business be changed except by a vote of threefourths of the members voting
Rule 56 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced
Rule 57 After the announcement of the Standing Com mittees no new members shall be added thereto by the House unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto
Rule 58 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies
Rule 59 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of this House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive DepartmentExGovernors Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate or House and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on the Privileges of the Floor
Rule 60 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk
14
OBBEB OP BUSINESS
Rule 61 The following shall be the order of business
1 Prayer by the chaplain
2 Call of the roll
3 Beading the Journal
4 Confirmation of the Journal
5 Motions to reconsider
6 Unfinished business of previous session
7 Orders of the day
8 On Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays ca of the counties for the introduction of new matter
9 House Bills for third reading
10 House Bills for second reading
11 House Besolutions
12 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the counties Senate Bills for first and second reading shall be in order
13 On Wednesdays immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of Committees on peti tions shall be in order
14 Bills of Senate for third reading
15 Senate Besolutions
CHANGING THE BCLES
Rule 62 Ho change of or addition to these Buies shall be made unless such proposed change or addition be first referred to the Committee on Buies and reported back to the House
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
BILL OF RIGHTS
PKEAMBLE
To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happi Ireanble ness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution
ARTICLE I
Section I
Paragraph I All government of right originates with the andob people is founded upon their will only and is instituted jaf uovemsolely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them
Par IX Protection to person and property is the para Protection mount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete
Par III No person shall be deprived of life liberty or Life liberty
1 and property
property except by due process oi law
6
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 1Section 1
Par IY No person shall be deprived of the right to prose d
Rights in courts
cute or defend his own cause in any of the courts of this State in person by attorney or both
Par Y Every person charged with an offense against the k fendantsTncitoaws State shall have the privilege and benefit of r
mai cases counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process g to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be con fronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall a have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury s
Par YI No person shall be compelled to give testimony seifcnmmation enling in any manner to criminate himself r
Par YII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the r andawWppSgnt State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed
Par YIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or jeopardy of life liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or r forbidden ber own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of i mistrial c
Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor exces r Excessive bail gjyg fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested g while under arrest or in prison
Costs Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except
after conviction on final trial g
Habeas corpus Par XI The writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be sus j pended
Par XII All men have the natural and inalienable right g conscience111 oft worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any cage con trol or interfere with such right of conscience 1
Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in ionRselruspmperson or property or prohibited from holding any public 1 office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the 1 right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to 1 excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State 1
Par XIY No money shall ever be taken from the public 1 treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or 1
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
7
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Article 1Section 1
denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution
Par XV No law shall ever be passed to curtail or re speech guaranstrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may teed speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty
Par XVI The right of the people to be secure in their Searches and
1 1 warrants
persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized
Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia slOTeryneither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof
Par XVIII The social status of the citizen shall never of the be the subject of legislation
Par XIX The civil authority shall be superior to the 4vLpmiiimilitary and no soldier shall in time of peace be quarteredtaryin any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as
may be provided by law
Par XX The power of the courts to punish for contempt Contompt shall be limited by legislative acts
Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt fOrTebtBmm0at
Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms Arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne
Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers Departmentsof
D government sep
shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person dis arate charging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided
Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested withtlonthe powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance
Par XXV All citizens of the United States resident in of
this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship
8
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 1Sections 2 3 and 4
Section II
Par I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the forirbeictionstruth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the Judges to grant new trials in cases of conviction is preserved
Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist Treason defined levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court
Par III No conviction shall work corruption of blood or of woodrruptlon forfeiture of estate
Par IV All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hiwtedries pro hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws
Par V Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the Geni Lohbymg crjm eral Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties
Par VI The General Assembly shall have the power to ceSopCertyProvide for tho punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor
Section III
Par I In cases of necessity private ways may be granted forpSeway8nuPn just compensation being first paid by the applicant
Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid
Par II No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive poiiiawlaw or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities shall be passed
Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities ofNgrnaXToatco e revoked except in such manner as to work no injusporaiions tice to corp0rators or crcditors of the incorporation
Section IV
Paragraph I Laws of a general naturer shall have uniform and how varied operation throughout the State and no special law shall be
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THE STATE OF GEORGIA
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Article 2Section 1
enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affectiug private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent
Par II Legislative acts in violation of this Constitution void acts or the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them
Section V
Paragraph I The people of this State have the inherent state Rights sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness
Par II The enumeration of rights herein contained as a inherent Eights part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed
ARTICLE II
Elective Franchise
Section I
Paragraph I In all elections by the people the electors Biiot shall vote by ballot
Par II Every male citizen of the United States except whoareEiec
WMBW tors Oath o
as hereinafter provided twentyone years of age who shall Electors have resided in this State one year next preceding the election and shall have resided six months in the county in which he offers to vote and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be required of him and which he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law except for the year of the election shall be deemed an elector Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State
10
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 2Sections 2 3 and 4
and no person shall vote who if challenged shall refuse to take the following oath or affirmation I do swear or affirm that I am twentyone years of age have resided in this State one year and in this county six months next preceding this election I have paid all taxes which since the adoption of the present Constitution of this State have been required of me previous to this year and which I have had an opportunity to pay and I have not voted at this election
Section II
Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from whoafmsfran time to time for the registration of all electors but the folchised lowing classes of persons shall not be permitted to register
vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State towit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malfeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such person shall have been pardoned 2d Idiots and insane persons
Section III
Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases elcept for treason ElectorsUege offelny larceny and breach of the peaee be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same
Section IV
Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public Public funds money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the treasury
Par II No person who after the adoption of this ConstiDuemng tution being a resident of this State shall have been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or convicted of sending or accepting a challenge or convicted of aiding or abetting such duel shall hold office in this State unless he shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law
11
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
Article 3Sections 1 and 2
Section Y
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid OIfeiectfonday the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of election precincts on days of election
State county or municipaland prescribe punishment for any violation of the same
Section YI
Paragraph I Returns of election for all civil officers elected Election re
o Jr turns
by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for the members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE III
Legislative Department
Section I
Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall be gemneral As vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives
Section II
Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fortyfour mem Senators bers There shall be fortyfour Senatorial Districts as now arranged by counties Each District shall have one Senator
Par II The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effingham
The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tatnall and McIntosh
The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties ofWayne Pierce and Appling
The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Glynn Camden and Charlton
The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Coffee Ware and Clinch
The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes and Berrien
12
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 3Section 2
The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Colquitt
The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Decatur Mitchell and Miller
The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Early Calhoun and Baker
The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth
The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clay Bandolph and Terrell
The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman
The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Sumter Schley and Macon
The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge
The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Montgomery Telfair and Irwin
The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel and Johnson
The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Screven Bulloch andBurke
The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bichmorid Glasscock and Jefferson
The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Taliaferro Green and Warren
The Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Baldwin Hancock and Washington
The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones
The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bibb Munroe and Pike
The Twentythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Houston Crawford and Taylor
The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee
The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot
The Twentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Fayette
THE STATE OF GEORGIA 13
Article 3Section 2
The Twentyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Newton Walton Clark Oconee and Rockdale
The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan
The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wilkes Columbia Liucoln and McDuffie
The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Oglethorpe Madison and Elbert
The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hart Habersham and Franklin
The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin
The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hall Banks and Jackson
The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Gwinnett DeKalb and Henry
The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clayton Cobb and Fulton
The Thirtysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Campbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglass
The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and Troup
The Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Polk and Paulding
The Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Milton Cherokee and Forsyth
The Fortieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun
The Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer
The Fortysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga
The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield
The Fortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Walker Dade and Catoosa
Par III The General Assembly may change these dis Districts how tricts after each census of the United States Provided
That neither the number of Districts nor the number of Senators from each District shall be increased
14
THE CONSTITUTION OE
Article 3Sections 3 and 4
Section III
Paragraph I The House of Representatives shall consist of Represent one hundred and seventyfive Representatives apportioned among the several counties as follows towit To the six counties having the largest population viz Chatham Richmond Burke Houston Bibb and Fulton three Representatives each to the twentysix counties having the next largest population viz Bartow Coweta Decatur Floyd Greene Gwinnett Harris Jefferson Meriwether Monroe Muscogee Newton Stewart Sumter Thomas Troup Washington Hancock Carroll Cobb Jackson Dougherty Oglethorpe Macon Talbot and Wilkes two Representatives each and to the remaining one hundred and five counties one Representative each
Par II The above apportionment shall be changed by the Apportionment General Assembly at its first session after each census taken how changed pjnited States Government so as to give to the six
counties having the largest population three Representatives each and to the twentysix counties having the next largest population two Representatives each but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be increased
Section IV
Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall Term of mem be elected for two years and shall serve until their successors
befs
are elected
Par Ill The first election for members of the General Election when jgggnibly under this Constitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 the second election for the same shall be held on the first Wednesday in October
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Meeting of the General Assembly
1880 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law
Par III The first meeting of the General Assembly after the ratification of this Constitution shall be on the first Wednesday in November 1878 and biennially thereafter on the same day until the day shall be changed by law But nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the Governor from calling an extra session of the General Assembly before the first VTednesday in November 1878 if in his opinion the public good shall require it
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THE STATE OF GEORGIA
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Article 3Section 5
Par IV A majority of each house shall constitute a Quorumquorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each house may provide
Par V Each Senator and Representative before taking hisbeath of memseat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit W will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State
Par VI No session of the General Assembly shall con Length f ses
i i i J sion limited
tmue longer than forty days unless by a twothirds vote of the whole number of each house
Par VII No person holding a military commission or Eligibility of other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either house nor shall any Senator or Representative after hisprohStments qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senateto any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected
Par VIII The seat of a member of either house shall be Removal vavacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected
7
Section V
Paragraph I The Senators shall be citizens of the United Qualification of States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled President the President of the Senate and shall be elected vivo vocg from the Senators
Par III The Senate shall have the sole power to try im impeachment peachments
16 THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 3Sections 6 and 7
Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall impeachment on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the SieafJusticepre Chief Justice or the presiding Justice of the Supreme Court
Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall select the Judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present
Par Y Judgments in cases of impeachment shall not exExtentofjudg tend further than removal from office and disqualification to ment hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this
State but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law
Section YI
Paragraph I The Representatives shall be citizens of the jBepiStatiyesfUitdd States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected
Par II The presiding officer of the House of Representaspeaker tives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body
Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to im power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be
peach
in office
Section YII
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Paragraph I Each House shall be the judge of the elec r Elections Betion returns and qualifications of its members and shall t
turns Disorder 7 7
ly conduct have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or mis c conduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of c the House to which he belongs a
Par II Each House may punish by imprisonment not ex r conemptment f ennS heyond the session any person not a member who t shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House e
Par III The members of both Houses shall be free from members6868 f arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treasont r
THE STATE OF GEOEGIA
17
Article 3Section 7
felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall ie be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in m debate in either House
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Par IY Each House shall keep a journal of its proceed journals ings and publish it immediately after its adjournment
Par Y The original journal shall be preserved after pub where prelication in the office of the Secretary of State but there shall S6red be no other record thereof
Par YI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the Teas and nays desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the when takeu journal
Par YII Every bill before it shall pass shall be readVading of sms three times and on three separate days in each House uny less in cases of actual invasion or insurrection
Par YIII No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to 0ne subject more than one subject matter or contains matter differentmatterfrom what is expressed in the title thereof
Par IX The general appropriation bill shall embrace Appropriation nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws theBU ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and for support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject
Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating bris for Rvemoney shall originate in the House of Eepresentatives butnue the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills
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Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly
Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded
Public money how drawn
Appropriation of money
Par XIII All acts shall be signed by the President of the signing of Acts
i ci J Rejected Bills
u Senate and the Speaker of the House of Eepresentatives and a no bill ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of 2
18
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 3Section 7
a law which shall have been rejected by either house shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected
Par XIY No bill shall become a law unless it shall reMajority re ceive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to
quired to pass 0 J
bin each House of the General Assembly and it shall m every
instance so appear on the journal
Par XY All special or local bills shall originate in the
ciaiBmsandSpeHouse of Representatives The Speaker of the House of Representatives shall within five days from the organization of the General Assembly appoint a committee consisting of one from each Congressional District whose duty it shall be to consider and consolidate all special and local bills on the same subject and report the same to the House and no special or local bill shall be read or considered by the House until the same has been reported by said committee unless by a twothirds vote And no bill shall be considered or reported to the House by said committee unless the same shall have been laid before it within fifteen days after the organization of the General Assembly except by a twothirds vote
Par XYI No local or special bill shall be passed unless Requirements notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been pub
to pass Local and A t L
special Bills fished in the locality where the matter or thing to be effected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such act shall be passed
Par XYII No law or section of the Code shall be Amendment of amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made
Par XYIII The General Assembly shall have no power Corporations to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
19
Article 3Sections 7 and 8
change names or legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts
Par XIX The General Assembly shall have no power to Recognizance relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer
Par XX The General Assembly shall not authorize the street Raiiconstruction of any street passenger railway within the limits waysof any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities
Par XXI Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of Yeas and nays twothirds of either or both Houses for the passing of an act en en 6 e or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the journal
Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to Powers of the make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State
Par XXIII No provision in this Constitution for a twoG signature of thirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly
Par XXIV Neither House shall adjourn for more than Adjournment three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjournj either or both of them
Section VIII
Paragraph I The officers of the two Houses other than the secretary and
01k
President and Speaker shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as they may appoint but the clerical expenses of the
Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each ses
20
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 3Sections 9 10 11 and 12
sion nor those of the House of Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties
Section IX
Paragraph 1 The per diem of members of the General members1en of Assembly shall not exceed four dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for eacb mile traveled by the nearest practicable route in going to and returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding seven dollars per day
Section X
Paragraph I All elections by the General Assembly shall Election bype viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the
General Assemf TT r
wy i House of Representatives When the Senate and House ot
Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result
Section XI
Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her wifes estate marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband
Section XII
Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing busiNonresident ness in this State or which may desire to establish agencies panieBnce 0omand do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioner or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders
21
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
Article a3Section 12
Par II When such showing is made to the ComptrollerLixense by General of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from General the State official having charge of the fund so deposited the Comptroller0 eneral of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by lawr
Par III All life insurance companies chartered by the State sulnCeeicoJpa of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State mosshall before doing business deposit with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said ComptrollerGeneral one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interest and dividends arising from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said Department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the ComptrollerGeneral whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company
Par IV The General Assembly shall from time to time qelToYirt
Insurance Coin
enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing busi panies ness in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies
Par V The General Assembly shall compel all insurance SuencertmLpai companies in this State or doing business therein undermes proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people
22 THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 4Sections 1 and 2
ARTICLE IV
Power of the General Assembly oyer Taxation Section I
Paragraph I The right of taxation is a sovereign right oTerdgn right inalienable indestructibleis the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Government established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and allother acts whatsoever by said government or any department thereof to affect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void lor every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly
Section II
Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railBaiiroadtariffs roac freight and passenger tariffs preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate freight and passenger tariffs to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates and enforce the same by adequate penalties
Par II The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall Bight of emi never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same Exercise of poas property of individuals and the exercise of the police
lice power r r j i
power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general well being of the State
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THE STATE OF GEORGIA 28
Article 4Section 2
Par III Tlie General Assembly shall not remit the for aieIedSecdharfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor ICsutution alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution Provided that this section shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road
Par IY The General Assembly of this State shall have power to authorize any corporation to buy shares or stocktlonsin any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respec Competition tive businesses or to encourage monopoly and all such contracts and agreements shall be illegal and void
Par Y No railroad company shall give or pay any re Rebate bate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage and any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties
Par YI No provision of this article shall be deemed held obligation of
contracts pro
or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore tected made by the State of Georgia
Par YII The General Assembly shall enforce the provis General Asem
A bly to enforce
ions of this article by appropriate legislation
24
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article Section 1
ARTICLE V
Executive Department
Section I
Paragraph Is The officers of the Executive Department paTtmentve Deshall consist of a Governor Secretary of State Comptroller General and Treasurer
Par II The Executive power shall be vested in a Gov
Election
Governor
elections
power
jernor who shall hold his office during the term of two years iqid until his successor shall be chosen and qualified He shall not be eligible to reelection after the expiration of a second term for the period of four years He shall have a salary of three thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a twothirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power But this reduction of salary shall not apply to the present term of the present Governor
Par III The first election for Governor under this Conofstitution shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place biennially thereafter on said day until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same
Par IV The returns for every election of Governor shall ofbe sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two Houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
25
Article 5Section 1
Par Y The members of each branch of the General As how published sembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such a majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed for the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice
Par YI Contested elections shall be determined by both tioGosnte8ted elec Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law
Par YJI Ho person shall be eligible to the office of Gov of GQjions ernor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years
Par YIII In case of the death resignation or disability nat0jfth0r rfl of the Governor the President of the Senate shall exercise ty of Govern the executive powers of the government until such disability be removed or a successor is elected and qualified And in case of the death resignation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the executive powers of the government until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor
Par IX The General Assembly shall have power to pro unexphed terms vide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections
Par X The Governor shall before he enters on the duties oath of office of his office take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America
26
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 5Section 1
Par XI The Governor shall be commanderinehief of the chiemanderarm J and navy of this State and of the militia thereof p
Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and par I anions68 and dons to commute penalties rehiove disabilities imposed by n law and to remit any part of a sentence for offenses against t the State after conviction except in cases of treason and im a peachment subject to such regulations as may be provided i by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the 1 next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant peacscVator fa further reprieve He shall at each session of the General i Assembly communicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating the name of the convict the offense of which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State
Par XIII He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacanm eleccies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the state of the Commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he mav called session deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke ture the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law
shall be enacted at called sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them
Par XIY When any office shall become vacant by death Fining vaoanresignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof
Par XY A person once rejected by the Senate shall not rejectedintments reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter
27
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
Article 5Sections 1 and 2
Par XVI The Governor shall have the revision of all Teovernors bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of
each House t
Par XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the approve concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each
House
Par XVIII He may require information in writing from from officers of the officers in the Executive Department on any subject reDePartmentslating to the duties of their respective offices It shall be the duty of the Governor quarterly and oftener if he deems it expedient to examine under oath the Treasurer and Comp IgMand trollerGeneral of the State on all matters pertaining to their respective offices and to inspect and review their books and accounts The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of either of said officers from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same
Par XIX The Governor shall have power to appoint his Secietanesown secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other clerical force as may be required in his office but the total cost for secretaries and clerical force in his office shall not exceed six thousand dollars per annum
Section II
Paragraph I The Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneralSecrEeletfr and Treasurer shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote fef eomTprter for members of the General Assembly at the same time andurer in the same manner as the Governor The provisions of the
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THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 5Section 2
Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of election counting the votes declaring the result deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applica ble to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer they G shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their offices for the same time as the Governor
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T reas rers salary
Par II The salary of the Treasurer shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his Department shall not exceed sixteen hundred dollars per annum
Par III The salary of the Secretary of State shall not extary of State eceed two thousand dollars per annum and the clerical expenses of his Department shall not exceed one thousand dollars per annum
Par IV The salary of the ComptrollerGeneral shall not co4tVonerGenexceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his Department including the Insurance Department and Wild Land Clerk shall not exceed four thousand dollars per annumand without said clerk it shall not exceed three thousand dollars per annum
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Par V The Treasurer shall not be allowed directly or j pubiTfmoney indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any forbidden person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties e
Par VI No person shall be eligible to the office of Secre of State ComptrollerGeneral or Treasurer unless he
officers shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years 1
and shall have resided in this State for six years next preced ing his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when 1 elected All of said officers shall give bond and security un der regulations to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties
Par VII The Secretary of State the ComptrollerGeneral uTsitesarforbid an Treasurer shall not be allowed any fee perquisite den or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by
law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of Government on business for the State
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THE STATE OF GEORGIA
Article 6Sections 1 and 2
Section III
Paragraph if The Great Seal of the State shall be de 0fe stateSeal posited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the Great Seal of the State until otherwise provided by law
ARTICLE VI
Judiciary
Section I
Paragraph I The judicial powers of this State shall be courts vested in a Supreme Court Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justices of the Peace commissioned Notaries Public and such other courts as have been or may be established by law
Section II
Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief sPreme GourtJustice and two Associate Justices A majority of the court shall constitute a quorum
Par II When one or more of the judges are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the Govwhenernor shall designate a judge or judges of the Superior Courts to preside in said case
Par III No judge of any court shall preside in any case interests in where the validity of any bondFederal State corporation qualifies or municipalis involved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interest in the class of bonds upon which the question to be decided arises
Par IV The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall arm of ofhold their offices for six years and until their successors are qualified A successor to the incumbent whose term will soonest expire shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a successor to the incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected
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THE CONSTITUTION OP
Article 6Sections 2 and 3
by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution
Par V The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisjunsdiction but shall be a Court alone for the trial and correction
of errors from the Superior Courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like Courts as may be hereafter established in other cities and shall sit at the seat of government at such times in each year as shall be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts
Par YI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at Disposition ofbe first or second term after such writ of error is brought
cases 07
and in case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by Providential causeit shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed
Par YII In any case the Court may in its discretion withholding wbhold its ludgment until the next term after the same is
judgments u 0
argued
Section III
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Paragraph I There shall be a Judge of the Superior Superior Con its Qourts for each Judicial Circuit whose term of office shall be four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law
Par II The successors to the present incumbents shall Elections be elected by the General Assembly as follows To the half as near as may be whose commissions are the oldest in the year 1878 and to the others in the year 1880 All subsequent elections shall be at the session of the General Assembly next preceding the expiration of the terms of incumbents except elections to fill vacancies The day of election may be fixed by the General Assembly
Par III The terms of the judges to be elected under the Terms Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections But if the time for the meeting of the General Assembly shall be changed the General Assembly may change the time when the terms of judges thereafter elected shall begin
TH STATE OE GEORGIA
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Article 6Sections 4 and 5
1 Section IY
1 Paragraph I The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurActionS 1 ve 3 jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the pen itentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases
1 Par II The General Assembly may confer upon theBqilyearncr0m s Courts of Common Law all the powers heretofore exercised mon Law7 by Courts of Equity in this State
3 Par III Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil Sion1 juns
3 cases except as hereinafter provided
f Par IY They shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such diPPllatejims cases as may be provided by law
t Par Y They shall have power to correct errors in inferior aus
j judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on 3 the sanction of the Judge and said courts and the Judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus pro3 hibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall i have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them 3 by law
Par YI The General Assembly may provide for an ap Appeal to peal from one jury in the Superior and City Courts to another and the said courts may grant new trials on legal grounds
Par YII The court shall render judgment without the Judgments verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contracts in writing where an issuable defense is not filed under oath or affirmation
Par YIII The Superior Courts shall sit in each county Session not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law
Par IX The General Assembly may provide by law for when presid
J ing judge dis
the appointment of some proper person to preside m cases qualified where the presiding Judge is from any cause disqualified
Section Y
Paragraph I In any county within which there is or here judges ai
p i plowed to alter
after may be a City Court the Judge of said court and oluate
the Superior Court may preside in the courts of each other in cases where the judge of either court is disqualified to preside
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CONSTITUTION OF
Article 6Sections 6 7 8 and 9
Section VI
Paragraph I The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Ordinary ap Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county from
peals from
whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law
Par II The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in Powers relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law
Par III The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term Terms of office of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified
Section VII
Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district one Peace068 f Justice of the Peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II Justices of the Peace shall have jurisdiction in all jurisdiction civil eases arising ex contractu and in cases of injuries or damages to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed one hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said Court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law
Par III Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the legal Elections and voters in their respective districts and shall be commiscommissions sone by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section VIII
Paragraph I Commissioned Notaries Public not to exceed Notaries Pubone for each militia district may be appointed by the Judges of the Superior Courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be exofficio Justices of the Peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office
Section IX
Paragraph I The jurisdiction powers proceedings and theUcourtslty m practice of all courts or officers invested with judicial powers
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THE STATE OFJjEOKGIA
Article 6Sections 10 11 and 12
except City Courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such courts severally shall be uniform
This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly
Section X
Paragraph I There shall be an AttorneyGeneral of this State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor
Par II It shall be the duty of the AttorneyGeneral to act Dutiesas the legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XI
Paragraph I There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each eljlicitor Geu judicial circuit whose official term except when commissioned to fill an unexpired term shall be four years
Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to Dutiesrepresent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Court and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law
Section XII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme and Supe elecljlseshovr rior Courts and Solicitors General shall be elected by the General Assembly in joint session on such day or days as shall be fixed by joint resolution of both Houses At the session of the General Assembly which is held next before the expiration of the terms of the present incumbents as provided in this Constitution their successors shall be chosen and the same shall apply to the election of those who shall succeed them Vacancies occasioned by death resignation vacancies or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the General Assembly shall convene when an election shall be held to fill the unexpired portion of the vacant terms
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84
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 6Sections 13 14 15 and 16
Section XIII
Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have judgesarieB of out f the treasury of the State salaries not to excceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superioi Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum hut the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect the salaries of those now in office
Par II The General Assembly may at any time by a chaSnSesh0W vote eak branch prescribe other and different
salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such i change shall affect the officers then in commission
Section XIV
Paragraph I No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Qualifications Superior Courts or AttorneyGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected SolicitorGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election
Section XV
Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on Divorce the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the Court
Par II When a divorce is granted the jury rendering Duty of second the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of
jury o
the parties
Section XVI
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Paragraph I Divorce cases shall be brought in the county s venue in where the defendant resides if a resident of this State if the
defendant be not a resident of this State then in the county in which the plaintiff resides c
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THE STATE OF GEORGIA
Article 6Sections 17 and 18
Par II Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the iW ties county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction
Par III Equity cases hall be tried in the county where Equity case a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed
Par IV Suits against joint obligors joint promissors co csuits against partners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county
Par V Suits against the maker and endorser of promis dowsersuu sory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inasdms land bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides
Par VI All other civil cases shall be tried in the county cagegAn other where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county
Section XVII
Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civil and venifehange of criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law
Section XVIII
Paragraph I The right of trial by jury except where it Jury trial is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury in courts other than the Superior and City Courts
Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for Traversjury111 the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors
Par III It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by compensation general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State
36
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 7Section 1
Section XIX
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have power to county compr0vide for the creation of County Commissioners in such
missioners 1 J
counties as may require them and to define their duties
Section XX
Paragraph IS All courts not specially mentioned by name ihedurts abolin the first section of this article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly
Section XXI
Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not co8tsPreme Court exceed ten dollars until otherwise provided bylaw Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said court when the usual pauper oath is filed in the Court below
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ARTICLE VII
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Finance Taxation and Public Debt
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Section I
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Taxation
Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only
For the support of the State Government and the public institutions
For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only
To pay the interest on the public debt
To pay the principal of the public debt
To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war
To supply the soldiers who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs during life
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THE STATE OF GEORGIA
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Article 7Sections 2 3 and 4
Section II
C Paragraph I All taxation shall be uniform upon the samel Taxation uniclass of subjects and ad valorem on all property subject to be taxed within the territorial limits of the authority levying i the tax and shall be levied and collected under general laws
The General Assembly may however impose a tax upon such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive of other property
Parrll The General Assembly may by law exempt from Exemption taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary asssociation used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandize or for purposes of sale or gain Provided the property so exempted be not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or income
Par III No poll tax shall be levied except for educa Polltaxtional purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll
Par IY All laws exempting property from taxation other yid
than the property herein enumerated shall be void
Par Y The power to tax corporations and corporate prop on corpperty shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party
Section III
Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf stae debt
o i tor what c o n
of the State except to supply casual deficiencies of revenuetractedto repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate two hundred thousand dollars
Section IY
Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money Borrowing by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purposes for state
38
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 7Sections 5 6 and 7
which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purpose specified and for no other
Section Y
Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not be pledged ioantatofCforbwir laned to any individual company corporation or associaden tion and the State shall not become a joint owner or stock
holder in any company association or corporation
Section VI
Restrictions on counties and cities
Taxing power of counties limited
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits Provided that if any municipal corporation shall offer to the State any property for locating or building a capitol and the State accepts such offer the corporation may comply with such offer
Par II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners and for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing
Section VII
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Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county citiesaandcnounymunicipal corporation or political division of this State exties limited cept as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value of taxable property therein without the assent of twothirds of the
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THE STATE OF GEORGIA
89
Article 7Sections 8 9 10 and 11
qualified voters thereof at an election for that purpose to be held as may be prescribed by law but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of this Constitution may be authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation
t i City and coun
Par II Any county municipal corporation or political ty bonds how division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness
Section VIII
Paragraph I The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political division of the State unless such debt shall be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war
Section IX
Paragraph jj The receiving directly or indirectly by any iicpoVforofficer of the State or county or member or officer of thebildenGeneral Assembly of any interest profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office
Section X
Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall Tnot incur any srcity debts can
in ini i i not be made be
debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the fore provided for municipal government
Section XI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have no au Payment of
o r J fraudulent bonds
thority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to forbidden pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the
40
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 7Sections 12 13 and 14
bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the con stitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the confederate first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have
authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State j
under laws passed during the late war between the States j
nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the pay ment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in
any court of this State or of the United States instituted to
test the validity of any such bonds or obligations
Section XII
Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be theNbVvSadei0tf increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war
Section XIII
Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and cantabe fvSM Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by dtthe bonded the State and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds
Section XIV
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxaklngftfndron eah year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollars which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not yet matured and shall be applied to no other pur
ME STATE OE GEOKGlA
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Article 7Sections 15 and 17
pose whatever If the bonds cannot at any time be purchased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and Treasurer of the State provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall not take effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued under the Act of February the 19th
1878 shall have been paid
Section XV
Paragraph I The ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall porfacotrot each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the finan ir and Treasurer cial condition of the State which report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities and income of the State and expenditures therefor for the three months preceding and it shall be the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent persons connected with his department and cause an abstract thereof to be published for the information of the people which abstract shall be endorsed by him as having been examined
Section XVI
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote Donationg 4c resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of anv person corporation or association
Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or author Extra compel
gHHH sation
ize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into
Section XVII
Paragraph I The office of the State Printer shall cease Public printing with the expiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the faithful performance thereof No member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or indirectly in any such contract
42
THE CONSTITUTION OE
Article 8Sections 1 2 3 and 4
ARTICLE VIII
Education
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of comcommonrnon schools for the education of children in the elementary branches of an English education only as nearly uniform as practicable the expenses of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races
Section II
Paragraph I There shall be a State School Commissioner state school appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate
Commissioner
whose term of office shall be two years and until his successor is appointed and qualified His office shall be at the seat of government and he shall be paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the State School Commissioner such officer or officers as may be deemed necessary to perfect the system of public education
Section III
Paragraph J The poll tax any educational fund now beSchooi fund longing to the State except the endowment of and debt due to the University of Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and on the sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax for military service and all taxes that may be assessed on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive to other property are hereby set apart and devoted to the support of common schools
Section IY
Paragraph I Authority may be granted to counties upon Counties and the recommendation of two grand juries and to municipal
cities may tax V
fcbooisP u b 110 corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their re
THE STATE OE GEORGIA
Article 8Sections 5 and 6
spective limits by local taxation but no such local laws shall take effect until the same shall have been submitted to a vote of the qualified voters in each county or municipal corporation and approved by a twothirds vote of persons qualified to vote at such election and the General Assembly may prescribe who shall vote on such question
Section Y
Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be fi 8cho1 affected by this Constitution Nothing contained in section first of this article shall be construed to deprive schools in this State not common schools from participation in the educational fund of the State as to all pupils therein taught in the elementary branches of an English education
Section YI
Paragraph I The trustees of the University of Georgia Sitystate Univer may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition to the payment of the annual interest on the debt due by the State to the University the General Assembly may from time to time make such donations thereto as the condition of the Treasury will authorize And the General Assembly may also from time to time make such appropriations of money as the condition of the Treasury will authorize to any College or University not exceeding one in number now established or hereafter to be established in this State for the education of persons of color
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THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 9Sections 1 2 3 and 4
ARTICLE IX
Homestead and Exemptions
Section I
Paragraph I There shall be exempt from levy and sale amouToffeoa by virtue f any process whatever under the laws of this State except as hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or person having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars
NoteThe above provision of the Constitution was specially submitted to the people and ratified as a part thereof by them on December 5th 1877
Section II
Paragraph I No court or ministerial officer in this State protection of shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any iuda
Homestead guar J J o
anteed ment execution or decree against the property set apart for
such purpose including such improvements as may be made thereon from time to time except for taxes for the purchase money of the same for labor done thereon for material furnished therefor or for the removal of encumbrances thereon
Section III
Paragraph I The debtor shall have power to waive or waiver ex renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in this article except as to wearing apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furniture and provisions to be selected by himself and his wife if any and he shall not after it is set apart alienate or encumber the property so exempted but it may how sold tie sold by the debtor and his wife if any jointly with the sanction of the Judge of the Superior Court of the county where th debtor resides or the land is situated the proceeds to be reinvested upon the same uses
Section IY
Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide by law of Homesteiiavt as early as practicable for the setting apart and valuation of
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
45
Article 9Sections 5 6 7 and 8
said property But nothing in this article shall be construed to affect or repeal the existing laws for exemption of property from sale contained in the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049 inclusive and the acts amendatory plpn thereto It may be optional with the applicant to take eithersteadsbut not both of such exemptions
Section V
Paragraph I The debtor shall have authority to waive or s renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in section four except as is excepted in section three of this article
Section VI
Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the HJSental right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart which is less than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed a sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount
Section VII
Paragraph I Homesteads and exemptions of personal pro reymsasttrta1 perty which have been heretofore set apart by virtue of the provisions of the existing Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws for the enforcement thereof or which may be hereafter so set apart at any time shall be and remain valid as against all debts and liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution to the same extent that they would have been had said existing Constitution not been revised
Section VIII
Paragraph I Rights which have become vested under vested right
1 il l protected
previously existing laws shall not be affected by anything herein contained In all cases in which homesteads have been set apart under the Constitution of 1868 and the laws made in pursuance thereof and a bona fide sale of such property has been subsequently made and the full purchase price thereof has been paid all right of exemption in such property by reason of its having been so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the right of the purchaser In all such
46
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 10Section 1
cases where a part only of the purchase price has been paid such transaction shall be governed by the laws now of force in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property had not been set apart
Section IX
Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of i86maySbeagoidf reaJ under the Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said Homestead and reinvest the same by order of the Judge of the Superior Courts of this State
ARTICLE X
Militia
Section I
Paragraph I A well regulated militia being essential to muiffanizati0n f th peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained aTmed and equipped and of whom it shall consist
Par II The General Assembly shall have power to auVoiunteers thorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same
Par III The officers and men of the militia and volunteer Pay forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or
emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
47
Article 11Sections 1 2 and 3
ARTICLE XI
Counties and County Officers
Section I
Paragraph I Each countyshall be a body corporate with bodu0traatea such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law
All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided
Par II No new county shall be created New coufties
Par III County lines shall not be changed unless under ounty jj the operation of a general law for that purpose
Par IV No county site shall be changed or removed ex county sites cept by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly
Par V Any county may be dissolved and merged with contiguous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified Vldedl1electors of such county voting at an election held for that purpose
Section II
Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the f
qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their offices for two years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter
Section III
Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may here jg5S after be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of Commissioners of roads and revenue in any county
48
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 12 Section 1
ARTICLE XII 3
The Laws of General Operation in Force in this State
Section I
Paragraph I The laws of general operation in this State Supreme law are first as the supreme law the Constitution of the United 1 States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States
state constitu ar Second As next in authority thereto this Conti011 stitution
Par III Third Insubordination to the foregoing All j Public statutes laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this
Constitution and the ordinances of this Convention shall re 1 main of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly The tax acts and appropriation acts passed by the General Assembly of 1877 and approved by the Governor of the State and not inconsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law
Par IY Local and private acts passed for the benefit of Local and counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law1 subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms
Par Y All rights privileges and immunities which may vested rights have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporation in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity under and in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of competent jurisdiction in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be brought in question unless attacked for fraud
Par YI All judgments decrees orders and other proActs of courts ceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
49
Article 13Section 1
ratified and affirmed subject only to reversal by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other preceding in conformity with the law of force when they were made
Par VII The officers of the government now existing flcering of shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified but nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution
Par VIII The ordinances of this Convention shall have the ordinance force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and capital question to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on shall have the effect of Constitutional provisions
NotfUnder the Ordinance of the Convention submitting the question of the location of the Capital to the people the city of Atlanta was chosen December 5th 1877
ARTICLE XIII
Amendments to the Constitution
Section I
Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately
4 i ii
50
THE CONSTITUTION OF
Article 13Section 2
Par II No Convention of the people shall be called by convention the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrenc of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said Convention shall be based on population as near as practicable
Section II
Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratiKatification fixation or rejection to the electors of the State at an election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the Constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All persons voting at said election in favor of adopting the Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratification and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification
Par II The votes cast at said election shall be consolidated vote consoiiin each of the counties of this State as is now required by law in elections for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be in favor of ratification he shall declare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District of the State but should a majority of the votes cast be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Con
B
k
tl
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I
S
al
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P
P
u
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stitution rejected
In compliance with a resolution of the Convention the proof sheets of the Constitution as published by the State Printer were carefully revised by Hon N J Hammond The foregoing is an exact copy of the instrument as thus revised and is therefore officially correctCompilers
THE STATE OF GEORGIA
51
y
l
ie

ORDINANCES
i AN ORDINANCE
i Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
1 st That the question of the location of the Capital of this State be e kept out of the Constitution to be adopted by the Convention e 2nd That at the first general election hereafter held for members of e the General Assembly every voter may endorse on his ballot Atlanta
or Milledgeville and the one of these places receiving the largest numr ber of votes shall be the Capital of the State uDtil changed by the f same authority and in the same way that may be provided for the alter ation of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention
ii whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every 1 person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the present Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote
under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitui tion shall should a majority of votes cast be in favor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution
r AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
1st That the article adopted by this Convention on the subject of homestead and exemptions shall not form a part of this Constitution
except as hereinafter provided
2nd At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot the words Homestead of 1877 or the words Homestead of 1868
3d In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have endorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified but in the event that said Constitution so
52
ORDINANCES
submitted shall not be ratified then the article on homestead and exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede article seventh of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of homestead and exemptions and form a part of this Constitution
4th If a majority ofthe ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have endorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 then article seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on homestead and exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified
Read and adopted in Convention August 22 1877
Attest C J Jenkins
President Constitutional Convention
James Cooper Nisbet Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
Whereas a committee has been appointed by this Convention to consider and inquire into the ways and means by which the expenses of this Convention over and above those provided for by the General Assembly can be defrayed and whereas the committee are satisfied that a sufficient sum of money for the same can be procured by an ordinance of this Convention therefore
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same
That the President of this Convention shall be and he is hereby empowered by authority of this Convention to negotiate a loan of a sufficient sum of money at seven per cent per annum to defray the residue of the expenses of this Convention not provided for by the act of the General Assembly calling this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 18 1877
Attest C J Jenkins
President Constitutional Convention
James Cooper Nisbet Secretary
ti
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AN ORDINANCE
Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled
1st That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention
2d That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon the ratifica
ORDINANCES
53
tion or rejection of this Constitution as therein provided and a vote upon the Capital and Homestead questions as provided by the ordinances of this Convention
Read and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877
Attest C J Jenkins
President Constitutional Convention
James Cooper Nisbet Secretary
AN ORDINANCE
There shall be sixteen Judicial Circuits in this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to organize and apportion the same in such manner as to equalize the business and labor of the Judges in said several circuits as far as may be practicable But the General Assembly shall have power hereafter to reorganize increase or diminish the number of circuits Provided however that the circuits shall remain as now organized until changed by law
Read and adopted in Convention August 23d 1877
Attest C J Jenkins
President Constitutional Convention
James Cooper Nisbet Secretary
INDEX
TO THE
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
NoTEJReferences in the Index are made to the Article Section and Paragraph of the provision referred to the original division of the instrument being strictly followed
A
Absent member of Legislature attendance of compelled
Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited
Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for
Academy incorporated exempt from taxation
Acceptors suits against where tried
Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly
Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand
Acts amending or repealing must describe the law affected
Local and private authority of
Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker of House
Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be recorded
Adjournment of Legislature by less than a majority
Consent of both Houses required when
Houses failing to agree Governor may adjourn them
Resolutions of not submitted to Governor
Ad valorem Tax on property shall be
Aged and Infirm persons entitled to Homestead
Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited
To any person or corporation by lending credit or taking stock
prohibited
To any person or corporation by donation or gratuity prohibited
Aid of County or City to person or corporation prohibited
Amendments to Appropriation and Revenue bills by Senate
To Constitution
To statute or code form of amending act
Animals special tax may be imposed on vicious ones
Appeal from one Jury to another in Superior and City Courts
From Ordinary to Superior Court
From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court
Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Court
A s p
3 4 4
1 1 9
1 1 15
7 2 2
6 16 5
3 7 11
1 1 5
3 7 17
12 1 4
3 7 13
3 7 21
3 4 4
3 7 24
3 7 24
5 1 17
7 2 1
9 1 1
1 1 14
7 5 1
7 16 1
7 6 1
3 T 10
13 1 1
3 7 17
7 2 1
6 4 6
6 6 1
6 7 2
6 4 4
56
INDEX TO THE
A S P
Appointment of Legislator to another office prohibited 3 4 7
By Governor to fill vacancies 5 1 14
Rejected by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Apportionment of Representatives how changed 3 3 2
Appropriation Acts authority of 12 1 3
Bills general and special 3 7 9
Bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10
Bills yeas and nays must be recorded on 3 7 12
Bills may be approved in part 5 1 16
Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer 8 7 11
For University of Georgia and College for colored pupils 8 6 1
Approval of Governor to Bills 5 1 16
Of Governor to Resolutions and Orders 5 1 17
Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of bearing 1 l 22
Army of the State Governor is Commander of 5 1 11
Arrest abuse under prohibited 119
Punishment for rescue from under order either House 3 7 2
Privilege of Elector from 2 3 1
Privilege of member Legislature from 3 7 3
Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers 7 11
Assemble right of people to do so guaranteed 1 1 24
Associate Justices of Supreme Court 6 2 1
Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Attainder bill of prohibited 13 2
Attendance of members of Legislature compelled 3 4 4
Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during 3 7 3
Attorney right to defend or prosecute bySj 1 l 4
Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have 115
General election of 6 10 1
General duties 6 10 2
General salaryR 6 13 1
General qualifications 6 14 1
Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments c 12 1
B
Bail shall not be excessive 119
Ballot election by the people shall be by 2 11
Banishment beyond the State prohibited 117
Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature 3 7 18
Bequests may be received by the University of Georgia 8 6 1
Bills number of readings necessary before passage 3 7 7
Majority of all members in favor of necessary to passage 3 7 14
Rejected not again proposed without consent of twothirds 3 7 18
Appropriation and Revenue must originate in House 3 7 10
Appropriations general and special requisites of 3 7 9
Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12
Revision of by Governor Vetohow overruled 5 1 16
See Local Bills also Acts
57
CONSTITUTION OE GEORGIA
A S
Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House 3 8
Required of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 2
Required of Public Printer 7 17
Bonded debt not to be increased 7 12
Sale of States property to be applied to 7 13
Of county or city provisions for meeting 7 7
Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot preside 6 2
Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted to suit 7 11
Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of Road 7 13
Boundaries of counties to remain as now till changed by law 11 1
Bribery conviction of disqualifies for office or voting 2 2
Bridges established by the Courts not Legislature 3 7
Bridges Ordinaries jurisdiction in matters of 6 6
Bridges taxation by county to keep up 7 6
Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose 7 4
Buildings public exempt from taxation 7 2
Public tax by county to maintain 7 6
Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6
Burial places exempt from tax 7 2
c
Canal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7
Capital location of ordinance concerning 12 1
Capitol site for may be donated to the State 7 6
Censure of member of Legislature for misconduct 3 7
Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior Court 6 4
Challenge of voter oath to be administered 2 1
Conviction of sending or excepting disqualifies for office 2 4
Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation 7 2
Public aid from county or city 7 6
Charter of Corporati ons amended on conditions 4 2
Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trials See
Supreme Court 3 5
Children legitimatized and names changed by the Courts 3 7
Church not to receive money from the State 1 1
Citizens of the State who are and right to protection 1 1
Of the State entitled to vote when 2 1
City aid by donation or taking stock prohibited 7 6
Consent before Street Railroad can be built in 3 7
Courts of the State need not be uniform A 6 9
Court appeals and new trials in 6 4
Court errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2
Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when 6 5
Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7
Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7
Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8
Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government 7 10
Public Schools may be maintained by tax 8 4
Civil authority superior to the military 1 1
Cases where tried 6 16
p
1
6
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
18
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
18
8
1
1
5
2
2
2
1
3
4
18
14
25
2
1
20
1
6
5
1
1
2
1
1
1
19
6
58 NDEX TO THE
CivilContinued
a s P
Cases judgment by Court without Jury when 6 4 7
Cases Venue how changed 6 17 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 3
Jurisdiction of Justices Court 6 7 2
Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and ComptrollerGeneral 5 2 234
Clerk of House of Representatives Compensation and Bond of 3 8 1
Clerks of the Governor 5 1 19
Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to numbers 3 7 17
Colleges exempt from taxation 7 2 2
For colored pupils 8 6 1
Colored pupils College for 8 6 1
Colqred and white Public Schools to be separate 8 11
Commissioner of Schools appointment and salary of 8 2 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 6 19 1
Commissioners of county affairs authorized 11 3 1
Committee on Local and Special Bills 3 7 15
Common law Courts may be clothed with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2
Common School system See Education 8 11
Commutation power in the Governor 5 1 12
Tax for military service goes to Schools 8 3 1
Companies incorporation of 3 7 18
Volunteer military organization of 10 1 2
Compensation for private ways and public use of property 1 3 1
Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate 3 8 1
Of Jurors how fixed 6 18 3
Extra not to be granted officers or contractors 7 16 2
Competition arrangements by corporations to defeat void 4 2 4
ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance Companies 3 12 2
Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies 3 12 3
Officer of Executive Department 5 11
Examination suspension and discharge of 5 1 18
Election of 5 2 1
Salary and Clerks hire 5 2 4
Eligibility and Bond of 5 2 6
Perquisites not allowed to 5 2 7
Must report to Governor 7 15 1
Confederate Soldiers to be provided with artificial limbs 7 11
Public Debt not to be paid 7 11 l
Conscience right of not to be controlled 1 l 2
Liberty of does not excuse licentiousness 1 1 13
Consent of parties to vary general law in individual cases 14 1
City to building Street Railroads within its limits 3 7 20
Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by the people 15 1
Authority of 12 1 2
Amendments of 13 1 1
Amendments by Convention 13 1 2
To be submitted to the people 13 2 1
And United Stateslaws in violation of void 1 4 2
Of United States authority of 12 1 1
Constitutional Convention provisions to call 13 1 2
CONSTITUTION OE GEORGIA 59
A S P
Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enumerated 15 2
Contempt limitation of Courtspower to punish for 1 1 20
Either House of General Assembly may punish for 3 7 2
Contested Election for Governor 5 16
Contracts laws impairing obligation of void 13 2
By Government releasing power to tax void 4 1 1
By Government heretofore made not impaired 4 2 6
Between corporations to defeat Competition void 4 2 4
Judgments on without verdict when 6 4 7
Jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of 6 7 2
Contractor not to receive extra compensation from Government 7 16 2
Conventionsee Constitutional Convention and Ordinances
Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until 1 1 10
Does not work corruption or forfeiture 12 3
Of certain offenses disfranchises 2 2 1
Impeachment vote necessary 3 5 4
Duelling disqualifies for office 2 4 2
Copartners suits against where tried 6 16 4
Coroners County Tax to pay 7 6 2
Corporate Powers what may be granted by Legislature 3 7 18
Corporators not to be damaged by revocation of charter 13 3
Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain 4 2 2
Legislation in favor of conditional 4 2 3
Acts ofto defeat competition and monopolize void 4 2 4
Bight to tax not to be released 7 2 5
State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to 7 5 1
County or City not to take stock in aid or lend credit to 7 6 1
Donations to from State prohibited 7 16 l
Authority of rights already accrued to 12 1 5
Municipalsee City
Costs not payable by defendant till conviction 1 1 10
In Supreme Court 6 21 1
M 6 19 1
County Commissioners may oe created g
Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1
Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt Bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2
Not to aid or take stock in Corporation 7 6 1
Public Schools may be maintained by 8 4 1
Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2
Officers election term qualification and removal 11 2 1
Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State 11 3 1
Is a body Corporate suits of and boundaries 11 1 1
New one not to be created 11 1 2
Lines and Site how changed 11 1 34
Merger of 11 1 5
Special Acts authority of 12 1 4
Corruption of blood not worked by conviction 12 3
Courts power to punish for contempt limited 1 1 20
Power in matters denied to Legislature 3 7 18
Of the State 611
60
INDEX TO THE
CourtsContinued
a s p
Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished 6 20 1
Of Common Law may be vested with Equity jurisdiction 6 4 2
Of same grade throughout State must be uniform 6 9 1
Courts tax to pay expenses of 7 6 2
Jurisdiction against Homestead denied 9 2 1
Authority of judgments and decrees of 12 1 5
Existing judgments and decrees of ratified 12 1 6
See also Supreme Superior City and Justices Courts
Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons 7 5 1
Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed property of debtor 12 6
Not to be damaged by revocation of Charter 1 3 3
Crime conviction in what cases disfranchises 2 2 1
Lobbying declared to be 12 5
Criminal Cases Jury judges of law and fact 12 1
Judge may grant new trial on conviction 12 1
Jurisdiction of Superior Courtt 6 4 1
Eights of defendant in 115
Where tried 6 16 6
Venue when changed 6 17 1
D
Damages jurisdiction of JusticesCourts in cases of 6 7 1
Death of Governor vacancy how filled 5 18
Officer vacancy how filled 5 1 14
Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in 3 7 3
Debt Public taxation to pay 7 1 1
Public new debt contracted to pay 7 3 1
Power of State to contract restricted 7 3 1
Of County taxation to payJ 7 62
Power of City or County to contract restricted 7 7 1
To be incurred by City only on authority of City Government 7 10 1
Of County or City not to be assumed by State 7 8 1
Void and Confederate against State not to be paid 7 11 1
Debtor Concealing Property provisions against 12 6
May waive HomesteadA 9 3 1
May waive Exemptions of the old Code 9 5 1
Decrees of Court authority and ratification of 12 1 56
Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to 1 14
Defense under oath not filed Court to render judgment when 6 4 7
Of State debts may be contracted for 7 3 1
Deficiency of Eevenue in State supplied by borrowing 7 3 1
Of Eevenue in City and County supplied by borrowing 7 7 1
Deposit required of Insurance Companies 3 12
Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit from 5 2 5
Disabilities may be removed by Governor 5 1 12
Discrimination in Tariff by Eailroad regulated 4 2 1
Disorderly behavior in presence of Legislature punished 3 7 12
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA 61
A S P
Disqualification to hold office or vote 2 2 1
Religious opinion is not 1 1
To hold office in more than one department 1 1 23
Of illegal holders of public money 2 4 1
Of Duellists 2 4 2
For Legislature and of legislator to other office 3 4 7
Resulting from Impeachment 3 5 5
Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides 6 2 2
Judge of Superior Court who presides 6 4 9
Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge 6 5 1
Of interested Judge in bond cases 6 2 3
Districts Senatorial number composition and change of 3 2 123
Divorce exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
First and second verdicts in cases of 5 15 12
Suits where tried 6 16 1
Domestic Animals of vicious nature special tax on 7 2 1
Animals tax on goes to Educational purposes 8 1 1
Donations by State prohibited 7 16 1
By State to University allowed 8 6 1
Drawer and Acceptor suits against where tried 6 16 5
Duelling conviction of disqualifies for office 2 42
E
Education Common School System established 8 1 1
Commissioner of Public Schools 8 2 1
Confined to English in local public schools 7 6 2
Confined to English in State public schools 8 1 1
Poll Tax for purposes of 7 2 3
Special Tax for purposes of 8 3 1
Taxation for purposes of by State 7 1 1
Taxation for purposes of by City or County 7 6 2
Appropriation for purposes of by City or County 7 6 1
Election by the people shall be by ballot 2 11
By the Legislature shall be viva voce 3 10 1
Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited 2 5 1
Privilege of Electors while attending 2 3 1
Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18
Returns where made 2 6 1
Of members General Assembly 3 4 2
Members General Assembly each House to judge of 3 7 1
President of the Senate 3 5 2
Speaker of the House of Representatives 3 6 2
Governor
Governor returns how made 5 14
Returns open and published 5 15
Governor by General Assembly 5 1 5
Contested 6 1 6
Special 5 19
To fill vacancies in General Assembly 5 1 13
Of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 2 1
62
INDEX TO THE
ElectionsContinued
a s p
Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judges Superior Court g o 2
Judges Sujireme Superior Courts and Solicitor General 6 12 1
Justices of the Peace 6 7 3
Attorney General 6 10 1
By City or County on creating a new Debt 7 7 1
City or County on School question g 4 1
To change County Site 11 1 4
Merge one County into another 44 4 8
Election of County Officers 11 9 i
On amendments to Constitution 43 4
Ratification of Constitution13 2 1
Electors who shall be so deemed 2 l 2
Registration of may be provided for 2 2 1
Privileges of while attending elections 2 3 l
Embezzlement of public funds disfranchises 2 2 1
Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favbr of Corporations 4 2 2
Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of 9 2 1
Endorsers suits against where tried g jg r
Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations 4 2 1
Equity Cases where tried g jg
Jurisdiction is in Superior Court g 4 j
Jurisdiction may be conferred on Common Law courts 6 4 2
Errors in Superior and City Courts corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5
Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5
Estate not forfeited by conviction 12 3
Excessive Bail and Fines forbidden 119
Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments are distinct 1 4 23
Department officers off g j j
Department officers of report suspension and removal of 5 1 jg
Powers vested in Governor 5 12
Exemptions from Taxation and void Exemptions 7 2 2 4 5
From Levy and Sale 9 11
From Levy and Sale waiver of 9 3 1
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not repealed9 4 l
From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver of 9 g 4
Exhibitions special tax on goes to Public Schools 8 3 1
Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governori g 19
Of Clerks of Secretary of State Comptroller General and Treasurer 5 2 234
Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed q 1 3 2
Express Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
Expulsion of Member of General Assembly for misconduct 3 7 1
Extra Session of Legislature before November 1st 1878 3 4 3
Session of Legislature may be called by Governor 5 4 43
Compensation not to be allowed by Governmentv 7 43 9
F1
Family each Head of entitled to Homestead 9 11
Fees not allowed Officers of Executive Department 5 2 7
Not allowed Attorney General 6 13 1
63
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court
Females persons having care of entitled to Homestead
Ferries established by Courts not Legislature
Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning
Fines imposed must not be excessive
Imposed on Member of Legislature for misconduct
Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of
Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from
Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by Conviction
Of Recognizance relieved against when
Of Charter remitted only on Conditions
Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for
Judgments attacked for
Free Schoolssee Education
Freight on Railroad subject to regulation by law
Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged
Furniture waiver of Exemption not good against all
Funds of County Ordinarys jurisdiction
Of Public officers not to profit from use of
Sinking provided for
A s p
6 4 1
9 1 1
3 7 18
6 6 2
1 1 9
3 7 1
3 12 4
5 1 2
1 2 3
3 7 19
4 2 3
1 2 6
12 1 5
8 1 1
4 2 1
4 2 5
9 3 1
6 6 2
7 9 1
7 14 1
Gr
General Assembly
Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative power
Members of elected for two years
Election when held
Election returns where made
Attendance of required
Oath of
Who are disqualified to be
Disqualified for certain other offices
Not to profit from use of public funds
Not to be interested in public printing
Seats of vacated by removal
Punished for misconduct in each House
Privileges of
Per diem and mileage of
Majority of all necessary to passage of bill
Officers of who are
Quorum of to transact business
Adjournment by less than a quorum
Adjournment for more than three days c
Elections by shall be viva voce
Of Judges of Supreme Court by 1st election
Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts SolicitorsGeneral
Of Governor by when
Of Governor contested determined by
May pardon commute or reprieve for treason
3 1 1
3 4 1
3 4 2
2 6 1
3 4 4
3 4 5
3 4 7
3 4 7
7 9 1
7 17 1
3 4 8
3 7 1
3 7 3
3 9 1
3 7 14
3 8 1
3 4 4
3 4 4
3 7 24
3 10 1
6 2 4
6 3 2
6 12 1
5 1 5
5 1 6
5 1 12
64
INDEX TO THE
General AssemblyContinued
May direct affixing of the Great Seal
Sessions of are Biennial
Of limited to 40 days unless prolonged by a twothirds vote
Of extra may be called by Governor
Of joint held in Representative Hall
Each House of may compel attendance of members
Is judge of election and qualification of its members
May punish for misconduct
Must keep a Journal
Has general power of legislation
HAS POWEB BY LAW TO
Provide punishment for fraud
For registration of voters
For removal of Secrery of State Comptrr Genl and Treasurer
For appeals in Superior and City Courts
For appointment of Judge pro hao nice
Commissioners for County affairs
For organizing the Militia
Prescribe manner of bearing armsJIL
Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts
Who shall vote on School questions
Change Senatorial Districts when
Apportionment of Representatives
Governors Salary by twothirds vote
Salaries of Judges Attorneys and SolicitorsGeneral
Substitute another officer for School Commissioner
Establish Courts
Abolish Courts not named in Constitution
Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts
Authorize formation of Volunteer Companies
Require Fire Insurance Companies to make deposits
Subject corporate property to public use when
Sell States property
Make donations to University of Georgia
Make donations to College for colored people
Amend Constitution in manner provided
Call Constitutional Convention as provided
SHALL BY LAW
Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt
Protect citizens in their rights
Provide penalty against Lottery Agents
Provide penalty against Lobbying
Prohibit furnishing Liquor on election days
Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee
Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor
Compel Insurance Companies to report to Governor
Regulate Freight and Passenger tariff
Enforce provisions against monopolies c
Establish uniformity in local tribunals
A s p
5 3 1
3 4 3
3 4 6
5 1 13
3 10 1
3 4 4
3 7 1
3 7 12
3 7 4
3 7 22
1 2 6
2 2 1
5 1 18
6 4 6
6 4 9
6 19 1
10 1 1
1 1 22
6 18 1
8 4 1
3 2 3
3 3 2
5 1 2
6 13 2
8 2 1
6 1 1
6 20 1
6 4 2
10 1 2
3 12 4
4 2 2
7 13 1
8 6 1
8 6 1
13 1 1
13 1 2
1 1 20
1 1 25
1 2 4
1 2 5
2 5 1
5 2 5
1 2 f
3 12 5
4 2 1
4 2 7
6 9 1
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA 65
General AssemblyContinued
A s P
Provide for selection and compensation of Jurors 6 18 23
A Sinking Fund 7 14 1
For letting Public Printing to highest bidder 7 17 1
Setting apart and valuation of Homestead 9 4 1
For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4
SHALL NOT PASS ANY LAW
To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press 1 1
Respecting social status of citizens 1 1 ffl
Of Attainder ex post facto impairing contracts 13 2
Making irrevocable grants of special privileges 1 3 2
To revoke grants to injury of creditors or corporators 13 3
Of special nature when general law provides 14 1
Varying general law affecting private rights without consent 1 4 1
In violation of Constitution of Georgia or the United States 1 4 2
Referring to more than one matter or different from title 3 7 8
Incorporating companies except of class named 3 7 18
Relieving against Recognizances except as stated 3 7 19
Authorizing Street Railroad in city without citys consent 3 7 20
For benefit of particular corporations except on conditions 4 2 3
Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another 4 2 4
County or City to aid persons or Corporations 7 8 1
Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts 7 11 1
Granting donation or gratuity to persons or Corporations 7 18 1
Extra compensation to officers or contractors 7 18 2
See Tax
God may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience 1 1 12
Governor an officer of the Executive Department 5 11
Executive powers vested in 5 12
Salary term and limitation of terms of office 5 12
Election installation and terms of election of 5 1 34
Of by the Legislature when 3 1 3
Qualification and oath of 5 1 710
Death resignation or disability of 3 1 8
Secretaries and Clerks of 3 1 19
Is Commander of the Army and Conservator of the Peace 5 1 1112
May adjourn the Legislature when 3 7 24
Call Extra Session of Legislatureg 3 1 13
Direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1
Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties 5 1 12
Remove disabilities 3 1 12
With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Require services of Attorney General 6 10 2
Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislature 5 1 13
Fill vacancies in other offices 5 1 14
Offices of Judges and Solicitors General 6 12 1
Appoint State School Commissioner 8 2 1
Judge to preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2
Commission Notaries Public ex officio Justices of Peace 6 8 1
Examine and publish Report of Comptroller and Treasurer 7 15 1
Proclaim result of Election on Constitutiong 13 2 2
5
66 INDEX TO THE
GovernorContinued A s p
Cannot appoint member of Legislature to office 3 4 7
A person rejected by Senate when 5 1 15
Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legislature 5 1 17
Supervision over Executive officers 5 1 18
Government originates with pecfple duty of 1 1 12
Exclusive right of the people to regulate 1 5 1
Legislative Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23
Support of by taxation 7 1 1
Grants limiting power to tax void 4 1 1
Irrevocable of special privileges void 1 3 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 1 3 3
Great Seal of the State use and device of 3 i
Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead 9 1 i
HE
Habeas Corpus Writ shall not be suspended 1 1 ii
Head of Family entitled to Homestead 9 1 i
Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and amount of 9 1 i
Not subject to levy and sale 9 2 i
Waiver and sale of 9 3 i
Setting apart of to be provided for 9 4 i
Supplemental
Already allowed good against old debts 9 7 i
Ordinance effect of 12 1 8
Of 1868 sales of confirmed 9 8 1
Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of 9 9 1
Under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1
Under Debtors Act Waiver of 9 5 1
House secure from search except as provided 1 1 16
Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provided 1 1 19
Of Representativessee Representatives Household furniture waiver of exemption on 9 3 1
Husbands debts wifes property not liable for 3 11 1
I
Idiots disqualified to vote or hold office 2 1
Immunities special not to be irrevocably granted t 1 3 2
Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 1 3 3
Impeachment power in House of Representatives 3 6 3
Power to tryin the Senate 3 5 3
Chief Justice to preside at trial of 3 5 4
Vote necessary to convict 3 5 4
Effect of conviction 3 5 5
Governor cannot pardon in case of 5 1 12
Imprisonment abuse under forbidden 1 1 9
For debt prohibited 1 1 21
For misbehavior in presence of Legislature 3 7 12
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
67
Improvement on Homestead is part of
Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand
Inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certiorari
Infirm persons entitled to Homestead
Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied
Insane persons not entitled to vote or hold office
Inspection by Governor of Executive Offices
Installation of Governor
Insurance Department expense of
Companies to make reports to Governor
Chartered by Legislature
Fire deposit made with Treasurer
Foreign and Home Life deposits required1
Foreign Life ComptrollerGeneral to license
Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to pay
Intoxicating drinks not to be furnished on election days
Insurrection and invasion in time of Bills may pass summarily
Tax to suppress
Bonded debt incurred to suppress
Debts contracted to suppress
Contracted by city or county to suppress assumed by State
Invasion see Insurrection
Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead
Irrevocable grants of special privileges void
J
Jeopardy more than once for same offense prohibited
Joint obligors suit against where tried
Owner in property State shall not become
Journal each House of General Assembly shall keep
Original preserved in office of Secretary of State
Yeas and nays to be recorded in at request of onefifth
Yeas and nays to be recorded in when twothird vote is required
Must show majority of all members voted for bills passed
Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution
Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature
Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested in the bonds
Pro hac vice Legislature may authorize
May grant new trials in cases of conviction
See Supreme Superior and City Courts
Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct
Powers of the State where vested
Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts void
Judgment of Impeachment extent of
Of Supreme Court maybe withheld one term
Without verdict of Jury when
Of Courts aiithority of
Heretofore rendered ratified
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
Of Superior Court
s p
9 2 1
1 1 5
6 4 5
9 1 1
1 5 2
2 2 1
5 1 18
5 1 3
5 2 4
3 12 5
3 7 18
3 12 4
3 12 13
3 12 2
7 1 1
2 5 1
3 7 7
7 1 1
7 12 L
i 7 3 1
7 8 l
9 3 1
1 3 2
1 1 8
6 16 4
7 5 1
3 7 4
3 7 5
3 7 6
3 7 21
3 7 14
13 1 1
3 10 1
6 2 3
6 4 9
1 2 1
1 1 23
6 1 1
1 4 2
3 5 5
6 2 7
6 4 7
12 1 5
12 1 6
6 2 5
6 4 1
68
INDEX TO THE
J urisdietion Continued
A s P
Of Superior Court appellate 6 4 4
Of Ordinary 6 6 1
Of Ordinary County matters 6 6 2
Of Justices of the Peace 6 7 2
Against homesteads denied 9 2 1
Jury right of trial by an impartial 116
Eight of trial by guaranteed 6 18 1
Judges of law and fact in criminal cases 12 1
Appeal from one to another in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6
From Justice of the Peace to 6 7 2
Grand to recommend Commissioned Notary for appointment 6 8 1
Grand and Traverse selection and qualification of 6 18 2
Compensation of how fixed 6 18 3
Tax by county to pay 7 6 2
Justice of the Peace may be member of Legislature 3 4 7
Part of Judiciary 6 11
Election Commission and Eemoval of 6 7 3
Term of 6 7 1
Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals 6 7 2
Ex Officio 6 8 1
K
Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption of 9 3 1
Tj
Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for 9 2 1
Land cases involving title to brought in Superior Court 6 4 1
Cases involving title to tried at what place 6 16 2
Homestead and Exemption on 9 1 1
Larceny conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1
Law due process of required to affect rights of persons 1 1 3
Laws of general nature must have uniform operation 14 1
Of general nature affecting private rights how varied 14 1
Unconstitutional are void 14 2
For more than one matter or different from title void 3 7 8
Majority vote of all members necessary to pass 3 7 14
For tax shall be general 7 2 1
Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone 3 7 17
For borrowing money must be specific 7 4 1
To change County lines must be a general law 11 1 3
Of general operation 12
Of United States authority of 12 1 1
Of Georgia authority of 12 1 3
Local and Special authority of 12 1 4
See Local also General Assembly
Learning Seminaries of exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Legislative power is in General Assembly 3 11
Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23
Legislaturesee General Assembly
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA 69
A S P
Legitimate Children power in Courts 3 7 18
Levy and Sale exemptions front 9 11
Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence12 1
Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of law 113
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 1 8
Of Conscience not to be controlled 1 1 12
Of speech or press not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Libraries Public may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Licentiousness not excused on account of liberty of Conscience 1 1 13
Life person not to be deprived of but by due process of law 1 1 3
Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 118
Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
See Insurance
Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law 11 1 3
Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes 8 3 1
Not to be furnished on Election days 2 5 1
List of witnesses to be furnished defendant on demand 115
Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of 7 6 2
Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2
Loans to State for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 3 1
County or City for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 7 1
Of Sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer 7 14 1
Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penalty 1 2 5
Local or Special bills must originate in the House 3 7 15
Committee on proposal and consolidation of 3 7 15
Publication of before passed 3 7 16
Acts authority of 12 1 4
School Systems existing not affected hereby f 8 5 1
Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited 12 4
M
Macon and Brunswick Eailroad if sold proceeds where applied 7 13 1
Majority of each branch of Legislature constitute quorum 3 4 4
Of all members of each House necessary to pass bill 3 7 14
Malfeasance in office disfranchises 7 2 2 1
Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peace removal for 6 7 3
Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5
Marriage does not divest wife of her property 3 11 1
Material furnished Homestead it is liable for 9 2 1
Matter different from title not to be contained in bill 3 7 8
Members of General Assemblysee General Assembly
Merger of counties 11 1 5
Message of Governor 5 1 13
Mileage of members of the General Assembly 3 9 1
Military authority subordinate to Civil 1 1 19
Commission except in Militia disqualifies for Legislature 3 4 7
Service commutation for goes to Public Schools 8 3 1
Companies Volunteer organizations 10 1 2
Companies Volunteer paid only when called by State 10 1 3
70 INDEX TO THE
A S P
Militia officers may be members of Legislature 3 4 7
Governor is CommanderinChief of 5 1 n
District one Justice of the Peace for each 6 7 1
District one commissioned Notary for each 6 8 1
Organization of may be provided for 10 1 l
Paid only when called out by State 10 1 3
Minors family of entitled to Homestead 9 11
Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1
Misconduct of member of Legislature how punished 3 7 1
Mistrial in criminal cases authorizes a second trial 1 1 8
Money not to be donated by State to any church c 1 1 14
Illegal holders of public disqualified for office 2 4 1
Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
Authority and manner of drawing from Treasury 3 7 n
Borrowed by State laws for and use of 7 4 1
Monopoly provisions against 4 2 4
Municipal Corporation See City
1ST
Names of children changed by Courts 3 7 18
Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18
Navy of State Governor is Commander of 5 2 11
New trial in criminal cases authorizes scond trial 11 8
In criminal cases may be granted on conviction 12 1
May be granted by Superior and City Court 6 4 6
Counties not to be formed 11 1 2
Notaries Public commissioned part of Judiciary1 6 11
Appointment commission and powers 6 8 1
Novation of charter what shall so operate 4 2 3
o
Oath of voter if challenged 2 12
Of member of General Assembly 3 4 5
Of Governor1
To Pleas 6 4 7
Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 13 2
Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2 6
Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4 1
Who may not hold 2 2 1
Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 3 5 5
Profiting from use of public money disqualifies forgjfiK 7 9 1
Conviction of Duelling disqualifies for 2 4 2
Religious opinion does not disqualify for1 1 13
In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator disqualified for 3 4 7
Malfeasance in disfranchises 221
Officers are trustees of the people and amenable to them Ill
Of one department disqualified to act in another1 1 23
Returns of election of where made 2 3 1
Of State or the United States disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA 7i
OfficersContinued
Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator
Of General Assembly who are
Of Executive Department who are
Of Executive Department report suspension and removal of
Profiting from use of public fund punishable
Extra compensation to after service prohibited
Not to be interested in Public Printing
Not to levy on Homestead
Of County election removal and qualification of
Of County to be uniform except Commissionersi
Now existing to continue till successor qualified
Order passed by Legislature must have Governors approval
Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by twothirds vote
Must have but one subject matter and same as title
Of the Convention authority of
Of the Convention to have effect of laws
See Ordinances in Appendix
Ordinary Courts of part of Judiciary
Courts of jurisdiction of
Term of office
Origin of Government is with the people
Papers secure from search and seizure except as provided
Pardon removes political disabilities of convict
Of Duellists removes political disabilities of convict
Power in Governor must report to the Legislature
Passage of Bills readings necessary
Of Bills majority of all members necessary
Passenger Tariffrestriction on
Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary
Affidavit relieves from costs in Supreme Court
Tax for support of
Pay See Compensation Salary
Peace soldiers not to be quartered in houses in time of
Governor is conservator of
Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court
Per diem of members of the Legislature
Perquisites not allowed officers Executive Department
Not allowed AttorneyGeneral
From use of public funds by officers punishable
Persons and property to be protected by Government
Not to be molested for religious opinions
Bights not to be affected but by due process of law
May prosecute or defend in person or by attorney
Charged with offenses rights of
Life or Liberty not to be jeopardized but once for same crime
Houses and papers secure from illegal search
Personalty amount of exemption of from levy and saleI
A s p
g 4 7
3 8 1
5 1 1
5 1 18
7 9 1
7 16 2
7 17 1
9 2 1
11 2 1
11 3 1
12 1 7
5 1 17
3 7 13
3 7 8
12 1 3
12 1 8
6 1 1
6 6 1
6 6 3
1 1 1
1 1 16
2 2 1
2 4 2
5 1 12
3 7 7
3 7 14
4 2 15
6 6 2
6 21 1
7 6 2
1 1 19
5 1 12
6 4 1
3 9 1
5 2 7
6 13 1
7 9 1
1 1 2
1 1 13
1 1 3
1 1 4
1 1 5
1 1 8
1 1 16
9 1 1
INDEX TO THE
72
A S P
Petition and remonstrance right of guaranteed 1 1 24
Pleas under oath in certain cases required 6 4 7
Police of the State right of people to regulate 15 1
Power not abridged in favor of corporations 4 2 2
Policy holders in Life Insurance Companies protectedJ 3 12 13
Poll tax not to exceed one dollar 7 2 3
Goes to educational purposes 8 3 1
Practice in courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Precincts for elections how changed 3 7 18
President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce 3 5 2
Must sign acts 3 7 13
Per diem 3 9 x
Presides in joint session 3 10 1
Acts as Governor when 5 1 8
Press liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Printing public to be let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Prisoners not to be abused 119
Tax for support of by counties 7 6 2
Private ways to be allowed only on compensation paid 13 1
Acts authority of X2 1 4
Bights accrued by law authority of 12 1 5
Priviliges special not to be irrevocably granted 13 2
Special not be revoked so as to do injustice 1 3 3
Probate jurisdiction in Ordinary 0 0 x
Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals 3 7 4
Of courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1
Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rights 113
Proclamation of Governor calling extra session 5 1 13
Of Governor on ratification of Constitution 13 2 2
Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5
Prolongation of Legislative session by twothird vote 3 4 0
Kesolution not submitted to Governor 3 7 23
Promissory notes suits on where tried 6 16 5
Property of person not to be molested for religious opinions 1 1 13
Protection to shall be impartial and complete 112
Not taken for public use without compensation 13 1
Concealed by debtor to be reached by law 12 6
Of wife not subject to husbands debts 3 11 1
List of exempt from tax 7 2 2
Amount of exempt from levy and sale 9 1 1
Protection to person and property paramount duty of Government 112
Prosecution rights of defendants in cases of 1 1 5
Provision waiver of exemption of restricted 9 3 1
Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises 2 2 1
Officer not to receive profit from use of 7 9 1
Treasurer not to receive profit from use of 5 2 5
See Money
Public use of private property without compensation prohibited 1 3 1
Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2
Buildings tax by county for authorized 7 6 2
Debt and institutions tax for 7 11
CONSTITUTION OF GEOKGUA
73
Public Continued
a s P
Property charitable institutions and libraries exempt from tax 7 2 2
Printing let to lowest bidder 7 17 1
Printing officers of Government not to be interested in 7 17 1
Sdhool system See Education 8 1 1
Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be curtailed 1 1 15
Journal of General Assembly 3 7 4
Beceipts and disbursements of Treasury 3 7 11
Intention to introduce Local Bills 3 7 15
Beports of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 7 15 1
Proposed amendment to Constitution 18 1
Punishment for crime by whipping or banishment prohibited 1 1 7
For contempt by Courts limited 1 1 0
Not to be cruel or unusual 119
Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund 7 14 1
Money homestead liable for 8 2 1
Purchasers of old homestead how affected 9 8 1
Q
Qualification for Governor 5 17
For Senator 8 5 1
For Bepresentative 3 6 1
Each House to judge of as to its own members 3 7 1
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 6
Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor Attorney General 6 14 1
County officers 11 2 1
Quarantine tax by county for expenses of 7 6 2
Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majority 3 4 4
Of Supreme Court 6 2 1
H
Bailroad may be incorporated by Legislature 8 7 18
Freights and Tariff subject to legislation 4 2 1
May build branch roads free from conditions of 4 2 3
Shall not deceive public as to rates 4 2 5
See Corporations
Bailway Street not to run in City without its consent 3 7 20
Bates of freight and passage subject to legislation 4 2 1
Public not to be deceived as to amount charged 4 2 5
Bealty Homestead of 8 11
Bebate of rates charged by Bailroad not allowed 4 2 5
Becognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture of 3 7 19
Beelection Governor not eligible for four years after two terms 5 12
Begistration of Electors may be required by law 1 2 2 1
Bejection of nomination by Senate effect of 5 1 15
Of bill by Legislature effect of 3 7 13
Beligious opinion civil and political rights not affected by 1 1 13
Denomination not to receive money from State 1 1 14
Worship places of may be exempt from taxj 7 2 2
74
INDEX TO THE
A S P
Remittance of sentence in power of Governor 5 1 12
Of forfeited Charter only on conditions 4 2 3
Remonstrance and Petition right of guaranteed 1 1 24
Removal of legislator from district vacates his seat 3 4 8
Of disabilities in power of Governor 5 1 12
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
Of Justice of the Peace for malpractice 6 7 3
Of County Officers 11 2 1
From office effect of Impeachment 3 5 5
Repealing law form of 3 7 17
Reports of Insurance Companies to the Governor 3 12 5
Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governor 7 15 1
Representatives election and term of 3 4 12
Qualification of 3 6 1
House of part of General Assembly 3 1 1
Number and Apportionment of members of 3 3 1
Apportionment how changed 3 3 2
Representatives House of Speaker of how elected 3 6 2
Clerk of compensation and bond of 3 8 1
Impeaching power vested in 3 6 3
Local and Special bills must originate in 3 7 15
Appropriation and Revenue bills must originate in 3 7 10
Journal ofsee Journal
Representation of Constitutional Convention apportionment of 13 1 2
Reprieve in power of Governor 5 1 12
Residence requisite to vote 2 12
Resignation of Governor who acts in case of 5 1 8
Resolutions of Appropriation must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12
Requiring Governors approval 5 1 17
Requiring a twothirds vote yeas and nays must be recorded 3 7 21
Having effect of law result of rejection 3 7 13
Retroactive legislation prohibited 1 3 2
Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge for itself 3 7 1
To whom made 2 6 1
J0f Governor how made 5 1 4
Of Governor hoV published 5 15
Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
On Ratification of Constitution 13 2 2
Revenue Bills must originate in House of Representativesf 3 7 10
Deficiencies of in State supplied by loans 7 3 1
Deficiencies of in County or City 7 7 1
And roads County Commissioners for 11 3 1
Rights not enumerated are not denied 15 2
Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 1
Tax for keeping up by County 7 6 2
And revenue County Commissioners for 11 3 1
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
75
s
Sailor in U S Service not entitled to vote because stationed here
Salary of Governor
Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and Solicitor
General
Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts bow changed
Of State School Commissioner
Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debt
Exemptions from
Of homestead how affected
Of old homestead how affected
Of old homestead heretofore made ratified
Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme Court
Scire facias writ of issued by Judge Superior Court
Schools Public how established by city or county
Public existing local system not affected
Not public may share school fund when
See Education
Seal Great use and design of
Search of persons houses and papers warrant for
Seconds in Duel on conviction disqualified for office
Secretary of State returns of elections to be made to
Officer of Executive Department
Election of
Salary and Clerk hire of
Eligibility and Bond ofr
Perquisites to forbidden
Is keeper of Great Seal
Senate compensation and bond of
Governor compensation of
Securities on forfeited recognizance when relieved
Seizure of persons and papers provisions against
Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax
Senate is a branch of General Assembly
Consists of 44 members
May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue bills
Impeachments to be tried before
Senate nomination rejected by effect of
President and Secretary of see President and Secretary
Senatorial Districts number composition and change of
Senators number not to be increased
Election and term of
Qualification of
Sentence commuted or remitted by GovernorJ
Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime prohibited
Sessions of General Assembly see General Assembly
Of Supreme Court
Of Superior Court
Of Justices Court
Setting aside homestead laws to be provided for
A s p
2 1 2
5 1 2
5 2 234
e 13 1
6 13 2
8 2 1
7 13 1
9 1 1
9 3 1
9 9 1
9 8 1
6 2 5
6 4 5
8 4 1
8 5 1
8 5 1
5 3 1
1 1 16
2 4 2
2 6 1
5 1 1
5 2 1
5 2 3
5 2 6
5 2 7
5 3 1
3 8 1
5 1 19
3 7 19
1 1 16
7 2 2
3 1 1
3 2 1
3 7 10
3 5 3
5 1 15
3 2 123
3 2 3
3 4 12
3 5 1
5 1 12
1 1 17
6 2 5
6 4 8
6 7 2
9 4 l
76
INDEX TO THE
A S
Shares in one corporation not to be bought by another to monopolize 4 2
Shows special tax on goes to educational purposes 8 3
Sinking fund provided for 7 14
Site of county1 how changed H l
Slavery forbidden 1 1
Social status of citizen not subject of legislation 1 1
Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except when 1 1
Of U S not to vote on account of being stationed here 2 1
Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates 7 l
SolicitorGeneral term of office and duties of 6 11
Election by the Legislature 6 12
Salary of 6 13
Qualification of 6 14
Speaker of House of Representatives how elected 3 6
Must sign acts 3 7
Per diem of 3 9
Acts as Governor when 5 1
Special law not to be enacted when provision is made by general law 1 4
Changing general law in particular cases how passed 1 4
For benefit of corporation conditional 4 2
Election of Governor 5 1
See Local
Speech liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1
State aid to corporations or persons in any manner prohibited 7 5
State aid by donation prohibited 7 16
To religious denomination prohibited 1 1
Printer office abolished 7 17
Statement of Treasurer to be published 3 7
Stockholder in corporation State county or city not to be 7 56
Street railroad not to run in city without consent of authorities 3 7
Suits may be brought by or against counties n 1
Against State to test void or Confederate bonds prohibited 7 11
See Venue
Superior Court is part of Judiciary 6 1
Jurisdiction of exclusive 6 4
Jurisdiction of general and appellate 6 4
Jurisdiction of to issue extra writs 6 4
Appeal and new trials in 6 4
Appeal from Ordinary to 6 6
Appeal from Justices to 6 t
Sessions of 6 4
Judge one for each circuit and term of 6 3
Election of 6 12
Salary and qualification of 6 1314
May change venue when 6 17
May preside in Supreme Court when 6 2
May preside in City Court when 6 5
Appoints Notary Public ex officio Justice of the Peace 6 8
Sanctions sale of Homesteads 9 38
Supplemental Homestead laws to be provided for9 5
p
4
1
1
4
17
18
19
2
1
12
1
1
1
2
13
1
8
1
1
3
9
15
1
1
14
1
11
1
20
1
1
1
1
34
5
6
1
2
8
1
1
I
1
2
1
1
1
X
CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA
77
A S P
Supreme Court part of Judiciary 6 1 1
Constitution of 6 2 1
Jurisdiction sessions and practice3 3 567
Cost in and paupers affidavit 3 igj
f O A
Judges election and term
Judges election and vacancies how filled 6 12 1
Salary and qualification of 3 1314 1
When disqualified in particular case 6 2 i 2
Suspension from office of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18
T
Tax to be paid before voting 2 12
Defaulters ineligible to Legislature 3 4 7
By county Ordinaries jurisdiction 6 6 2
By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness 7 7 2
By county or city for school purposes 8 4 1
By county limited to certain purposes 7 6 2
May be imposed by Legislature for what purposes 7 11
Must be uniform ad valorem and by general laws 7 2 1
On domestic animals of vicious nature 7 2 1
Exemptions from other exemptions void 7 2 24
Poll for educational purposes 7 2 3
Special for educational purposes 8 3 1
States power to impose not to be restrained 4 1 1
Of corporations not to be surrendered 7 2 5
To raise a Sinking Fund 7
Lien good against Homestead 9 2 1
Act authority of4 72 1 3
Act must originate in House 3 7
Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18
Term of office of Governor 5 12
Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 6 3 13
Justice of the Peace 3 7
Ordinary 6 6 3
Attorney and Solicitor General 6 1011 1
State School Commissioner 8 2 1
County officersi H
Members of General Assembly 3 4
Testimony criminating himself witness not obliged to give 116
Title law must not contain matter different from 3 7 8
To land cases involving where brought 6 16 2
To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1
Treason what is and how convicted of 12 2
Conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1
Pardon respite or commutation for 5 1 12
Treasurer election and term of office 5 2 1
Examination by Governor 3
Officer of Executive Department 5 11
78
INDEX TO THE
Treasurer Continued
a s p
Removal of 5 1 18
Salary and Clerkshire of 5 2 2
Perquisites not allowed 5 2 7
Fee other than salry not allowed to 5 2 5
Bond and qualification of 5 2 6
To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies 3 12 4
To make quarterly reports to Governor 7 15 j
And Governor authorized to loah Sinking Fund 7 14 1
Draw money from Treasury in what manner 3 7 jq
Treaty force and authority of 12 1 1
Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant 115
By jury remains inviolate 6 18 1
Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform 11 3 4
Trustees of the people public officers are Ill
The University of Georgia may accept donations c 8 6 i
Families of minor children entitled to Homestead 9 11
TJ
Unexpired term of Governor special elections 5 19
Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and Solicitor Genl 6 12 1
Uniformity required in operation of general laws 14 1
In county officers and tribunals 11 3 1
In courts of same grader 6 9 1
In taxation 7 2 1
University of Georgia appropriations to 8 6 1
United States Constitution acts in violation of void 1 4 2
Treaties and laws authority of 12 1 l
Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here 2 1 2
V

Vacancy in office of Governor 5 18
Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4
Judge of Superior Court 6 3 2
Judge Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor General 6 12 1
Members General Assembly 5 4 g
Governor may fill when not otherwise provided 5 1 14
Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is interested 6 2 3
Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit 7 111
Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 1
Venue in cases of divorce g jg
Of land titles MHEb
6 16 2
Of Equity 6 16 3
Against joint obligors acceptors endorsers c g jg
Civil and criminal generally 6 16 6
Civil and criminal changed how 6 17 1
Verdicts judgments without when 6 4 7
First and second in Divorce cases 6 15 1
CONSTITUTION OF GEOKGIA 79
A S P
Veto of Governor overruled by twothird vote 3 7 23
Viva voce voting by General Assembly 3 10 1
Void bonds of State not to be paid 7 11 1
Volunteer companies organization of 10 1 2
Not paid unless called out by State 10 1 3
Vote by the people shall be by ballot 2 11
Who is entitled toOath of voter 2 1 2
Who not entitled to 2 2 1
By General Assembly to be mm voce 3 10 1
Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be recorded 3 7 21
Of twothirds being required does not do away with Governors approval 7 23
Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7 23
Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted to Governor 5 1 17
Of General Assembly in elections must appear in House Journal 3 10 1
w
Waiver of Homestead 9 3 1
Of old exemption 9 5 1
War bonded debt may be increased for purposes of 7 12 1
Debt of county or city for may be assumed by State 7 8 1
Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of 7 3 1
Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1 19
Tax to defend State in time of 7 1 1
Warrant for search how obtained 1 1 16
Ways private may be granted after compensation paid 13 1
Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited 9 3 1
Western Atlantic Railroad if sold proceeds how applied 7 13 1
Whipping as punishment for crime prohibited 117
White and colored public schools to be separate 8 11
Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 1
Wild Land Clerk compensation of 5 2 4
Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendant as to 115
Not compelled to criminate themselves 1 1 6
Two necessary to convict of treason 12 2
Worship of God may be according to conscience 1 1 12
Places of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2
Y
Yeas and nays to be kecokdedin Joubnal
At request of onefifth 3 7 6
On appropriation bills and resolutions 3 7 12
When twothirds vote is required v 3 7 21
On amendments to Constitution 13 1 1
MS
3 210