- Collection:
- Georgia Government Publications
- Serial:
- Profile of injuries in Georgia.
- Title:
- Profile of injuries in Georgia 2005
- Creator:
- Georgia. Department of Human Resources. Division of Public Health. Environmental Health and Injury Prevention Branch
- Contributor to Resource:
- Georgia. Department of Human Resources. Division of Public Health. Environmental Health and Injury Prevention Branch
- Publisher:
- Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia. Department of Human Resources. Division of Public Health. Environmental Health and Injury Prevention Branch
- Date of Original:
- 2005
- Subject:
- Wounds and injuries--Georgia--Periodicals.
Wounds and injuries--Georgia--Statistics--Periodicals.
Georgia Government Documents--Serial - Location:
- United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018
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- state government records
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- 1999/2000; title from caption.
1999/2003. - External Identifiers:
- Call Number GA H800.P8 S1 I53 2005
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- Digital Object URL:
- https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bh800-pp8-bs1-bi53-b2005-belec-p-btext
- Language:
- eng
- Holding Institution:
- University of Georgia. Map and Government Information Library
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Profile of
Injuries in
Georgia 2005
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Georgia Department of Human Resources ........................................................ B.J. Walker, Commissioner Division of Public Health ............................................................................... Stuart Brown, M.D., Director Environmental Health & Injury Prevention Branch................................. Michael R. Smith, M.S., Director Injury Prevention Section ...........................................................................................Lisa Dawson, Director Epidemiology Branch .............................................................................Paul Blake, M.D., M.P.H., Director Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section ......................................................................................................Kenneth E. Powell, M.D., M.P.H., Chief Office of Health Information and Policy........................................ Gordon R. Freymann, M.P.H., Director
Suggested Citation
Yeager DM, Wu M, Mertz KJ, Dawson L, Mesfin J, Lindemer K, Powell KE. Profile of Injuries in Georgia 2005. Georgia Department of Human Resources; Division of Public Health; Injury Prevention Section and Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section, 2005. Publication number DPH05-044HW.
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Injury Prevention Section Georgia Division of Public Health
2 Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 657-6335
Sponsored by Grant# U17/CCU414824-07 from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Highlights.......................................................................... 4
Introduction ...................................................................... 5
Profile of Injuries Overview of All Injuries......................................... 7 Motor Vehicle-Related ........................................... 15 Falls......................................................................... 23 Poisoning ................................................................ 31 Fire-Related ............................................................ 37 Drowning and Near-Drowning............................... 45 Suicide and Suicide Attempts ................................ 53 Homicide and Assaults .......................................... 61
Conclusions....................................................................... 69
Appendix County and District Data ....................................... 72 Appendix I Definitions and Abbreviations ......... 92 Appendix II - Methods............................................ 93
References ......................................................................... 99
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
HIGHLIGHTS
From 1999 through 2001, injuries caused approximately 4,750 deaths per year in Georgia.
Unintentional injuries, such as motor vehicle collisions and falls, were the 4th leading cause of death in Georgia, with an average of 3,150 deaths per year.
Unintentional and intentional injuries combined accounted for 80% of all deaths among persons ages 15-24 years.
Suicide was the 11th most common cause of death in Georgia, with an average of 873 deaths per year in Georgia.
Homicide was the 14th most common cause of death in Georgia, with an average of 645 deaths per year.
Death rates in Georgia are higher than those in the United States as a whole for six of the seven most common types of injuries.
Injury-related hospitalizations resulted in nearly $668 million in hospital charges per year.
4
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
Injuries are a significant public health problem in Georgia. Injury is defined as unintentional or intentional damage to the body resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen. Each year approximately 4,750 Georgians die from injury, and the death rate for Georgians is higher than the US rate for most causes of injury. Injury deaths are only part of the injury burden in Georgia. For every injury death, there are about eight inpatient hospitalizations in Georgia, an estimated 35 outpatient visits,1 about 270 emergency department visits,2 and approximately 600 injury visits to physicians' offices.3 Those who survive suffer either temporary or permanent pain, possible lifelong disability, and different degrees of economic consequences as a result of injuries. Most injuries can be prevented through the use of existing technology and environmental changes. The public health approach to injury prevention is to define the problem, identify risk and protective factors, develop and test prevention strategies, and assure widespread adoption of proven injury prevention principles and strategies. Injury data are crucial for the proper development of injury prevention programs. Identifying populations at risk for specific injuries assists in the support and development of appropriate prevention programs. The purpose of the Profile of Injuries in Georgia 2005 is to describe the burden of injuries in Georgia and identify risk and protective factors. The Profile of Injuries in Georgia 2005 presents updated information for the years 1999 through 2001 on fatal and non-fatal injuries in Georgia using death certificate and hospital discharge data. Both unintentional and intentional injuries are included. Unintentional injuries include drowning, falls, fire, motor vehicle trafficrelated incidents/crashes, and poisoning. Suicide and homicide fall under the category of intentional injury. The seven causes of injury listed in this profile accounted for about 81% of all injury deaths and 76% of all injury hospitalizations from 1999 to 2001. In each section of this report, a specific cause of injury is addressed and a definition of the mechanism of injury is included; comparisons are made to identify at-risk groups according to age, race and sex. Each section also includes prevention strategies, current Georgia Division of Public Health programs, and relevant web based resources.
5
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
6
Top Ten Leading Causes of Death in Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Rank
<1 (n=3,308)
1-4 (n=538)
5-14 (n=752)
15-24 (n=3,167)
25-34 (n=4,446)
35-44 (n=9,262)
45-54
55-64
65-74
75-84
85+
Total
(n=16,092) (n=23,169) (n=36,308) (n=50,021) (n=42,410) (n=189,466)
1
Congenital Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional Unintentional
abnormalities injury
injury
injury
injury
631
202
345
1,407
1,190
Cancer 1,588
Cancer 4,408
Cancer 7,733
Cancer 11,266
Heart diseases 15,628
Heart diseases 15,425
Heart diseases 53,781
2
Short gestation/LBW
571
Homicides 56
Cancer 82
Homicides Homicides
509
497
Heart diseases
1,563
Heart diseases
3,842
Heart diseases
6,443
Heart diseases 10,229
Cancer 10,520
Cancer 4,350
Cancers 40,512
3
SIDS 333
Congenital abnormalities
42
Homicides 50
Suicides 391
Suicides 487
Unintentional Unintentional
injury
injury
1,396
1,258
Chronic lung 1,131
Chronic lung 2,665
Stroke 4.233
Stroke 4,326
Stroke 13,096
4
Maternal complication
125
Cancer 32
Congenital abnormalities
41
Cancer 141
HIV 445
HIV 926
Stroke 770
Stroke 1,117
Stroke 2,186
Chronic lung 3,290
Alzheimers Unintentional
2,007
injury
9,440
5
RDS 123
Heart diseases
31
Heart diseases
40
Heart diseases
121
Heart diseases
392
Suicides 556
HIV 556
Unintentional injury 779
Diabetes mellitus 1,010
Alzheimers 1,485
Flu/ pneumonia
1,746
Chronic lung 9.119
6
Unintentional injury 110
Septicemia 11
Suicides 21
HIV 50
Cancer 389
Homicides 410
Chronic liver 530
Diabetes mellitus
730
Chronic kidney
788
Diabetes mellitus 1,264
Chronic lung 1,575
Diabetes 4,425
7
Bacterial sepsis 85
Chronic lung 10
Benign tumor
10
Congenital abnormalities
46
Stroke 73
Stroke 338
Suicides 451
Chronic liver Unintentional
Flu/
disease
injury
pneumonia
461
764
1,206
Chronic kidney
999
Pneumonia & Influenza 4,041
Diseases of Benign
8 circulatory system tumor
85
9
Chronic lung 10
Pregnancy/ childbirth 26
Diabetes mellitus
64
Chronic liver 231
Diabetes mellitus
387
Chronic kidney
426
Septicemia 673
Chronic kidney 1,161
Septicemia Alzheimers
902
3,825
9
Placenta, Cord, Membrane 75
Anemia 9
Anemias 8
Stroke 24
Septicemia 49
Diabetes melitius
192
Chronic lung 299
Septicemia 397
Flu/
Unintentional Unintentional
pneumonia
injury
injury
517
1,117
871
Chronic Kidney 3,798
10
Necrotizing enterocolitis
64
Perinatal condition
8
Septicemia stroke 7
Septicemia 17
Pregnancy/ childbirth 43
Septicemia 116
Septicemia 262
Suicides 283
Chronic liver disease 402
Septicemia 1,054
Diabetes mellitus
762
Septicemia 3,542
Overview Of All Injuries
OVERVIEW OF ALL INJURIES
Deaths
Injuries in Georgia caused an average of 4,753 deaths per year from 1999 to 2001 (Table 1). Unintentional injuries accounted for an average of 3,147 deaths per year and were the 4th leading cause of death in Georgia. For Georgians from 1 to 34 years of age, unintentional injuries were the leading cause of death, accounting for 44% of deaths in that age group. Among intentional injuries, suicides and homicides were responsible for an average of 873 and 645 injury deaths per year, respectively, and ranked as the 11th and 14th leading causes of death in Georgia. The top three causes of death for Georgians between the ages of 15 and 34 years were unintentional injuries, homicides and suicides. Combined, unintentional (49%) and intentional (31%) injuries accounted for 80% of all deaths among persons aged 15-24 years. Georgia's death rates for unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide were all higher than the United States death rates by 19%, 4%, and 26% respectively (Table 1). From 1999 to 2001, if the injury death rate in Georgia had been equal to the injury death rate in the U.S., an estimated 695 Georgians per year would not have died.
Table 1. Injury Deaths, Injury Death Rates, and Excess Injury Deaths, Georgia 1999-2001
Table 1. Injury Deaths, Injury Death Rates, and Excess Injury Deaths, Georgia, 1999-2001
Type of Injury
1999-2001
Average per
Number of Deaths
Year
Unintentional Injuries
9440
3147
Motor Vehicle
4077
1359
Falls
1166
389
Poisoning
995
332
Fire/Burn
375
125
Drowning
351
117
Other Unintentional
2476
825
Suicide
2620
873
Homicide
1936
645
Legal Intervention
27
9
Other and Undetermined
237
79
All Injuries
14260
4753
* US rate is year 2000 only Average annual age-adjusted death rate, 1999-2001
Age-Adjusted Death Rate, GA
42.4 17.2 6.2 4.1 1.7 1.4 11.7 11.1 7.7
0.1 1.0 62.3
Age-Adjusted Death Rate, US*
35.5 15.7 4.8 4.6 1.2 1.3 7.8 10.7 6.1 0.1 1.4 53.7
Excess Deaths per Year, GA
554 124 115 -42 42 10 314 35 130 1 -33 695
7
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Injuries are the major cause of premature deaths in the United States. In Georgia, unintentional injuries, suicide and homicide were the third, fifth and sixth leading causes of years of potential life lost (YPLL) respectively (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Leading Causes of Years of Figure 1. LeadiPngotCeanutsieasl oLfifYeeLaorsstof(YPPotLeLn)t*ia,lGLeifoerLgioas,t 2(Y0P01LL)*, Georgia, 2001
Cancer Heart Diseases
Untentional Injuries
Perinatal conditions
Suicides
Homicides
HIV Congenital malformation
Stroke Chronic lung diseases
Diabetes
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
YPLL per 100,000
Although one third of all injury deaths occurred among persons aged 25 to 44 years (Table 2), the death rate for injuries increased sharply after the age of 75 years (Figure 2). Persons 85 years and older had the highest rate of injury death among all age groups, largely due to the increased risk for death from falls among the elderly. Children ages 1 to 14 years old had the lowest overall injury death rates (Figure 2.)
Table 3.TNaubmlbeer2o.fNDeuamthsbbeyrAogfe,DRaecaetahnsd bSeyx:AAglel I,nRjuaricees, GaenodrgSiae, x19: 99-2001
All Injuries, Georgia, 1999-2001
Table 3. NumberWohifteDeaths by Age, RBlaaccke and Sex: All InOjtuherries, Georgia, 1999-2A0v0e1rage
Age Group
Total
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
per year
White
Black
Other
Average
AgUenGdreor u5p
132
93
98
87
5
5
T4o2ta0l
140
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
per year
5-14
147
94
118
58
3
3
423
141
Under 5
132
93
98
87
5
5
420
140
15-24
1145
342
677
146
27
7
2344
781
5-14
147
94
118
58
3
3
423
141
25-44
2229
836
1124
378
61
19
4647
1549
15-24
1145
342
677
146
27
7
2344
781
45-64
1628
674
612
187
28
13
3142
1047
25-44
2229
836
1124
378
61
19
4647
1549
65+
1459
1254
298
258
6
9
3284
1095
45-64
1628
674
612
187
28
13
3142
1047
Total
6740
3293
2927
1114
130
56
14260
4753
65+
1459
1254
298
258
6
9
3284
1095
Total
6740
3293
2927
1114
130
56
14260
4753
8
Overview Of All Injuries
Figure 2. Age-Specific Death Rates: All Injuries, Georgia, 1999-2001
Figure 2. Age-Specific Death Rates: All Injuries, Georgia, 1999-2001
400
350
Death rate per 100,000 population
300
250
200
150
100
50
0 <1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Age Group
Figure 3: Age-Adjusted Death Rates by Race and Sex:
All Injuries, Georgia, 1999-2001
Figure 3: Age-Adjusted Death Rates by Race and Sex: All Injuries, Georgia, 1999-2001
Males had a higher rate of dying
120
from an injury (92.0 per 100,000
Death rate per 100,000 population
population) than females (36.7 per
100
100,000 population). Whites and
blacks had the same rate of dying
80
from an injury (64.0 per 100,000
60
population for both). Black males had
the highest death rate from injuries
40
(102.7 per 100,000 population) among
all race/sex groups (Figure 3).
20
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
9
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Death Rate per 100,000 population 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Both Georgia's and the U.S. injury death rates decreased from 1979 to 1993, and have remained relatively unchanged since 1994. Compared to the U.S. rate, the death rate from injuries in Georgia has been consistently higher during the past two decades (Figure 4). From 1999 to 2001, if the injury death rate in Georgia had been equal to the injury death rate in the U.S., an estimated 695 Georgians per year would
Figure 4. nAot hgaeve-dAiedd. justed Death Rates: All Injuries, Georgia and US, 1981-2001
Figure 4. Age-Adjusted Death Rates: All Injuries, Georgia and US, 1979-2001
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
NOTE.The dotted line indicates a change in coding systems used for cause of death. ICD-9 codes were used in 1979-1998 and ICD-10 codes were used in 1999-2001
GA
US
About 66% of all injury deaths in Georgia were unintentional in nature, with motor vehicle-related deaths accounting for almost half (44%) of the unintentional injury deaths. Together, homicides and suicides accounted for 32% of injury deaths. Legal intervention and unknown causes accounted for 2% of injury deaths (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Injury Deaths by Cause, Figure 5. InjuGryeDoeragthias,b1y9C9a9us-e2, 0G0e1orgia, 1999-2001
Other and Legal Undetermined Intervention 2% <1%
Homicide 14%
Suicide 18%
Unintentional Injuries 66%
Poisoning 7%
Drowning 2%
Falls 8%
Motor Vehicle 29%
Fire/Burn 3%
Other 17%
10
Overview Of All Injuries
Map 1. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County of Residence: All Injuries, Georgia, 1994-2001
Map 1. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County: All Injuries, Georgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall Banks Franklin Hart Cherokee Forsyth
Injury deaths per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 deaths) <67.0 >=67.0 and <81.0 >=81.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Henry
Clayton Fayette
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Washington
Upson
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond Burke
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Bibb Crawford
Taylor
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
11
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Hospitalizations
Deaths represent only part of the public health burden from injuries. Data from the Georgia hospital inpatient discharge data system indicate that from 1999 through 2001, more than 110,000 injury-related hospitalizations occurred (an average of 36,674 hospitalizations per year) resulting in an average of 201,300 days in hospital stay and nearly $668 million in hospital charges per year (Table 4). Among all injuryrelated hospitalizations, almost 80% were unintentional in nature with 39% of them resulting from falls and 20% resulting from motor vehicle related injuries. Unintentional injuries accounted for 80% of total hospitalization days and 80% of total hospital charges for injuries. Assault and suicide attempts together contributed 11% of total injury hospitalizations (Figure 6).
TablTea4b.leIn4j.uInryjuHryoHsposiptaitlailzizaattiioonn,, HHoospspitiatlaizlaiztiaontioRnatResa, tes, LengLtehnogtfhSotfaSytaaynadndToTtoatallCChhaarrggeess,,GGeeoorgrigai,a1,91999-92900-12001
Type of Injury Unintentional Injuries
Motor Vehicle Falls Poisoning Fire/Burn Drowning Other Unintentional Suicide Attempt Assault Legal Intervention Other and Undetermined Not E-coded All Injuries
Number
87,754 22,404 43,024 3,987 1,171
188 16,980 6,692 5,972
76 1,734 7,793 110,021
Average per Year 29,251 7,468 14,341 1,329 390 63 5,660 2,231 1,991 25 578 2,598 36,674
Hospitalization Rate, GA
408.9 93.0 220.8 17.3 5.0 0.8 72.1 26.7 23.8 0.3 7.1 37.0 503.8
Average Inpatient Days per Year
160,424 49,958 77,258 4,431 3,840
401 24,536 6,427 11,663
170 2,574 20,042 201,301
Average Charges per Year
$ 528,508,094 $ 196,010,944 $ 214,436,130 $ 11,485,697 $ 23,928,726 $ 1,319,966 $ 81,326,630 $ 19,654,545 $ 36,478,011 $ 522,508 $ 8,854,317 $ 74,476,812 $ 668,494,286
FigureF8ig. uInrjeur6y.HInosjpuirtayliHzaotisopnistbaylizCaautisoe,nGs eboyrgCiaa,u1s9e9,9-2001 Georgia, 1999-2001
Not E-coded 7%
Undetermined 2%
Legal Intervention <1%
Homicide Attempt 5%
Suicide Attempt 6%
Unintentional Injuries 80%
Poisoning 4%
Drowning <1%
Falls 39%
Motor Vehicle 20% Fire
1%
Other Unintentional 15%
12
Overview Of All Injuries
Males and females each accounted for half of the total injury hospitalizations. Of those hospitalized for injuries, 72% were non-Hispanic whites. Nearly 26% of the hospitalizations were among persons 24-44 years of age (Table 5).
TTaabbllee55..NNuummbbeerrooffHHoospspitiatlaizliaztaiotinosnbsybAy gAegeGGroruopu,pR, RacaeceanadndSeSxe:x: AAll Injurriiees, GGeeorgia, 199999--22000011
Age Group Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
819
547
2,078
1,160
5,106
2,691
10,292
5,999
7,665
6,669
8,324
24,100
34,284
41,166
Black
Male
Female
724
500
1,181
625
3,048
1,215
6,491
3,021
3,561
2,069
1,503
3,020
16,508
10,450
Hispanic
Male
Female
77
123
70
124
201
1,039
267
1,447
145
290
340
131
1,100
3,154
Total*
3,021 5,468 13,819 28,474 21,005 38,125 110,021
Average per Year
1,007 1,823 4,606 9,491 7,002 12,708 36,674
*Total includes all other races/ethnicity.
Figure 7. Age-Specific Hospitalization Rates: Figure 6. Age-SpecAiflicl IHnojsupriitaelsiz,aGtieonorRgaitaes,:1A9ll9I9n-ju2r0ie0s,1Georgia, 1999-2001
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
The risk for injury hospitalization
5000
increased with age. Persons 75 years
4500
of age and older had a much higher
4000
rate of injury-related hospitalization
3500
than younger people, with the highest
3000
rate being among those 85 years and
2500
older (4,600 per 100,000 population).
2000
Children had the lowest injury
1500
hospitalization rate among all age
1000
groups (Figure 7).
500
0 <1 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
Age Group
When comparing race/sex categFoirgiuerse, 7. AgFe-iAgdujurseted8H. oAspgiteal-izaadtiojnuRstateesdbyHRoacsepaintdaSleixz:aAtllioInnjurRiesa, tGeeosrgbiay, 1999-2001 males had a higher rate of hospitalization Race and Sex: All Injuries, Georgia, 1999-2001
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
from injury (528 per 100,000 population)
800
than females (454 per 100,000
700
population). Hispanics had a higher
rate (603 per 100,000 population)
600
than non-Hispanic blacks (446 per
500
100,000 population) and non-Hispanic
whites (508 per 100,000 population).
400
Hispanic males had the highest rate of
300
injury hospitalization (739 per 100,000 200
population), while non-Hispanic black
females (329 per 100,000 population)
100
had the lowest hospitalization rate among all the sex/race/ethnic groups (Figure 8).
0
Non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic Hispanic
Hispanic
White Male
White
Black Male
Black
Male
Female
Female
Female
13
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Map 2. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County of Residence: All Injuries, Georgia, 1999-2001
Map 2. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County: All Injuries, Georgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Fannin Gilmer Pickens
Towns Union
White Lumpkin
Rabun Stephens
Injury hospitalizations per 100,000 population <484.5 >=484.5 and <600.0 >=600.0
Dawson
Floyd
Bartow
Hall Banks Franklin Hart Cherokee Forsyth
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Bibb Crawford
Taylor
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
14
Motor Vehicle Related
MOTOR VEHICLE-RELATED
Georgians aged 15 to 24 years and 74 to 85 years were more likely to die from motor vehicle crashes than Georgians in other age groups.
Georgia youth aged 15 to 24 years had the highest hospitalization rate for motor vehicle crash injuries among all age groups.
Motor vehicle traffic related injuries are defined as those injuries resulting from a crash involving a motor vehicle traveling on a public roadway. Motor vehicle traffic-related deaths and hospitalizations include injuries involving automobiles, vans, trucks, motorcycles, and other motorized cycles known or assumed to be traveling on public roads or highways. Injuries affect occupants of motorized vehicles, pedestrians, pedal cyclists, or occupants of other non-motorized vehicles.
Death from Motor Vehicle-Related Crashes
Motor vehicle traffic-related injury is the leading cause of injury death in Georgia, accounting for 29% of all injury deaths and 43% of all unintentional injury deaths. From 1999 to 2001, 4,077 Georgians died from injuries sustained in motor vehicle crashes, an average of 1,359 per year. Among these, 24% were between 15 and 24 years of age, 68% were male, and 72% were white (Table 6).
Table 6. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Table 12. NumMboertoofrDVeaethhiscblyeA-Rgee,lRaatceeda,ndGSeeoxr: gMiaV,-R1e9la9te9d-,2G0e0or1gia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
33
24
73
44
505
202
605
283
449
184
325
211
1990
948
Black
Male
Female
20
10
43
35
181
66
276
119
173
50
55
45
748
325
Other
Male
Female
1
1
1
2
12
4
17
10
9
5
1
3
41
25
Total*
89 198 970 1310 870 640 4077
Average per year
30 66 323 437 290 213 1359
*Total includes all other races/ethnicity.
15
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Death Rate per 100,000 population 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
The death rate from motor vehicle crashes in Georgia has been consistently higher than the death rate for the United States since 1979. Both rates decreased from 1979 to 1992 and have remained unchanged since then (Figure 9). During the period 1999 through 2001, if the death rate for motor vehicle-related crashes
idnieGdeforormgiamhoatdorbeveenhiceFlqeu-iragellatuotertdheactr3aos2fhte.hseA(TUagnbiletee-1dA).Stdatjeus, santeesdtimDateeda1t2h4 pRerasotnessp:er year would not have Motor VeFhigiucrlee-9R.eAlgaete-dA,dGjuestoerdgiDaeaanthd RUaSt,es1:981-2001
Motor Vehicle-Related, Georgia and US. 1979-2001
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
NOTE.The dotted line indicates a change in coding systems used for cause of death. ICD-9 codes were used in 1979-1998 and ICD-10 codes were used in 1999-2001
GA
US
Figure 10. Age-Specific Death Rates: Motor Vehicle-Related. Georgia, 1999-2001 Figure 30. Age-Specific Death Rates: Motor Vehicle-Related, Georgia, 1999-2001
Death Rate Per 100,000 Population
40 35
Georgians 15 to 24 years and those 75
30
years and older were more likely to die
25
from motor vehicle crashes than other
20
age groups (Figure 10). 15
10
5
0 <1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Age Group
16
Motor Vehicle Related
Death Rate per 100,000 population
Figure 11. Age Adjusted Death Rates by Race and SexF:igMureot3o1.r AVgeeh-iAcdleju-sRteedlDaetaetdh,RGateeos brgyiRaa,c1e9a9nd9-S2ex0:01
Motor Vehicle-Related, Georgia, 1999-2001
120
100 80
60
40
20
The death rate from motor vehicle crashes was 2.3 times higher for males (24.8 per 100,000 population) than for females (10.6 per 100,000 population). Whites were equally likely to die from motor vehicle crashes (18.4 per 100,000 population) as blacks (16.3 per 100,000 population). White males and black males had the highest death rates from motor vehicle crashes among all the race/sex groups (Figure 11).
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
For persons dying in motor vehicle collisions, 36% of death certificates did not record the position of the victim (driver, occupant of car, pedestrian, etc), while 33% were indicated as occupants, and another 10% were pedestrians (Figure 12).
FigurFei1gu2r.eT3y3p.eToyfpPeeorfsoPnerKsoinlleKdililnedMinotMoroVtoerhViceleh-icRlelCatreadshC, rash, GGeeoorrggiiaa,, 11999999--22000011
Unspecified 36%
Motorcyclist 4% Pedal Cyclist 1%
Pedestrian 10%
Other 16%
Occupant 33%
17
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Map 3. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County of Residence: Motor Vehicle, Georgia, 1999-2001
Map 8. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County: Motor Vehicle, Georgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall Banks Franklin Hart Cherokee Forsyth
Motor Vehicle deaths per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 deaths) <24.0 >=24.0 and <31.0 >=31.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Bibb Crawford
Taylor
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
18
Motor Vehicle Related
Hospitalizations from Motor Vehicle-Related Crashes
Motor vehicle related injures were the 2nd leading cause of injury hospitalizations, accounting for 20% of all injury hospitalizations. From 1999 to 2001, there were a total of 22,404 hospitalizations from motor vehicle crash-related injuries, an average of 7,468 per year, resulting in an average of 49,960 hospitalization days and nearly $196 million in hospital charges per year. Of those hospitalized, 25% were 15 to 24 years old, 58% were male, and 64% were white (Table 7).
TabTleab7l.eN13u. mNubmerbeorfoHf HoossppiittaalliizzaatitoinosnbsybAygAe,gRea,cReaacned Saenxd: Sex: MotMoortoVreVhiechliecl-eR-Reelalatteedd,,GGeeoorgrigai,a1,91999-92090-12001
Age Group Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
128
82
618 2,235
378 1,302
2,935
1,632
1,676
1,234
873
1,146
8,465
5,774
Black
Male
Female
125
97
353
208
871
482
1,513
899
716
483
202
197
3,780
2,366
Hispanic
Male
Female
16
14
38
24
292
98
345
108
76
42
12
23
779
309
Total*
498 1,710 5,493 7,726 4,414 2,539 22,404
Average per Year
166 570 1,831 2,575 1,471 846 7,468
*Total includes all other races/ethnicity.
Georgians 15 to 24 years had the highest hospitalization rate for motor vehicle crash injuries compared to all other age groups (Figure 13).
Figure 34. Age-Specific Hospitalization Rates: Motor Vehicle-Related, Figure 13. Age-SpecificGHeoorsgpiiat,a1li9z9a9ti-o2n00R1ates: Motor Vehicle-
Related, Georgia, 1999-2001
180
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 Population
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 <1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
Age Group
19
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
The hospitalization rate from motor vehicle crashes was higher for males (115.3 per 100,000 population) than females (71.8 per 100,000 population). Among the race/ethnic groups, Hispanics had a significantly higher hospitalization rate (118.3 per 100,000 population) than non-Hispanic whites (93.0 per 100,000 population) and non-Hispanic blacks (90.5 per 100,000 population). Hispanic males had the highest hospitalization rate (142.9 per 100,000 population) among all race/ethnic/sex groups (Figure 14).
Figure 1F4ig.uMArego3et5-o.AMrAdgVojeteuo-hArstiVdcejeuldhesit-HceRldeoe-HRslpoaeslitaptetiaetdald,il,izzGGaaeettioiooornrgngiRai,Raat1,ea9s1t9eb99yd-92R90ba0-yc12eR0aa0n1dceSeaxn: d Sex:
160
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
Hispanic Male
Hispanic Female
Figure 36. TFyigpVueerheoi1fc5lPe.-eTRrysepolaentoeHfdoPCserprasistohan,liGHzeeoodsrpgiinitaaM,li1zo9et9do9ir-n2VM0e0oh1tiocrle Crash, Georgia, 1999-2001
Other 1% Unspecified 8%
Occupant 75%
Motorcyclist 7%
Pedal Cyclist 1%
Pedestrian 8%
Of persons hospitalized for motor vehicle crash-related injuries, 75% were motor vehicle occupants, 8% were pedestrians and 7% were motorcyclists (Figure 15).
20
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Motor Vehicle Related
Map 4. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County of Residence:
Map 9. AgMe-oatdojur sVteedhiHcloes,pGitealoizrgaitiao,n1R99at9e-b2y00C1ounty: Motor Vehicle, Georgia, 1994-2001
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall Banks Franklin Hart Cherokee Forsyth
Motor Vehicle injury hospitalizations per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 hospitalizations) <97.0 >=97.0 and <130.0 >=130.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Taylor
Bibb Crawford
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
21
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Motor Vehicle Related Prevention Strategies
Georgians 15 to 24 years had the highest motor vehicle-related hospitalization rate and the second highest motor vehicle-related death rate. Interventions targeting this group for seat belt use, prohibitions on driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs (DUI), and adherence to speed limits would help reduce injuries and deaths from motor vehicle crashes.
Proper and consistent use of child safety seats and booster seats for infants and young children and placing all children under 12 years of age in the back seat would reduce the number of children and youth killed or hospitalized due to motor vehicle crashes. Visible and consistent enforcement of child safety laws is a critical component for increasing child safety seat usage among parents and caregivers. Enforcing helmet laws for children riding their bicycles can reduce the severity of head injury.
Creating safety zones for pedestrians by putting up physical barriers, using pedestrian bridges, overpasses, underpasses, traffic islands, and other measures would reduce the incidence of pedestrian injuries. Additionally, improving and maintaining adult supervision of young children crossing streets, and incorporating pedestrian skills training into school health education curriculum would reduce pedestrian injuries to children.
Injury Prevention Programs for Motor Vehicle Related Injuries
The Injury Prevention Section of the Division of Public Health, Department of Human Resources, supports local communities to promote the correct and consistent use of child restraint devices through the distribution of child restraint devices (infant, convertible, booster, and special needs seats) and the provision of appropriate training on correct installation of child restraint devices. The statewide Child Occupant Safety Project is supported by a grant from the Governor's Office of Highway Safety and on average distributes 5,000 child restraint devices per year to parents and caregivers. The Injury Prevention Section also supports programs to increase the use of bicycle helmets. Children under age 16 are required by Georgia law to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle. The Injury Prevention Section can provide technical assistance to groups interested in implementing (and evaluating) bicycle helmet promotion programs among at-risk children and their families.
Motor Vehicle Related Prevention Resources
National Highway Transportation Safety Administration
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/
SAFE KIDS of GA http://www.choa.org/safety/
safekids.shtml
CDC Community Guide http://www.thecommunityguide.org/
National SAFE KIDS Campaign http://www.safekids.org/
American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.aap.org/family/ carseatguide.htm
Governor's Office of Highway Safety http://www.gohs.state.ga.us/
22
Falls
FALLS
Older Georgians were more likely to die from falls than younger people. Approximately 40% of total unintentional injury-related hospitalizations were
from falls, with older Georgians and Hispanic men having the highest rates.
Falls include tripping and stumbling on the same level; colliding with another person; falling from furniture or playground equipment; or falling from one level to another such as from stairs and steps, ladders, trees, or buildings/structures.
Deaths from Falls
From 1999 through 2001, 1,166 Georgians died from fall-related injuries, an average of 389 per year. Persons 65 years and older accounted for the majority of fallrelated deaths (75%). Men accounted for more fall-related deaths than women up to the age 65 years. Whites accounted for 84% of all fall-related deaths (Table 8).
Table 8. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Falls, Georgia, Table 8. Number of Deaths by A1g9e,9R9a-c2e0a0n1d Sex: Falls, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
3
0
0
1
16
1
45
12
99
31
327
450
490
495
Black
Male
Female
2
1
1
0
2
0
15
6
43
9
52
44
115
60
Other
Male
Female
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
4
0
6
0
Total
6 2 19 79 183 877 1166
Average per year
2 1 6 26 61 292 389
23
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Since 1979, the death rate from falls in Georgia has been consistently higher than the rate for the United States; however, both US and Georgia death rates decreased from 1979 through 1986 with relatively little change since then (Figure 16.) During the period 1999 through 2001, if the death rate for falls in Georgia had been equal to that of the United States, an estimated 115 persons per year would not have died from falls (Table 1).
Figure 18. Age-AdjFuisgtuerde D16e.aAthgeR-Aadtejuss:tFedalDlse,aGtheoRragtieas:and US, 1981-2001
Falls, Georgia and US, 1979-2001
Death rate per 100,000 population
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NOTE.The dotted line indicates a change in coding systems used for cause of death. ICD-9 codes were used in 1979-1998 and ICD-10 codes were used in 1999-2001
GA
US
Figure 17. Age-Specific Death Rates: Falls, Figure 16. Age-SGpeecioficrgDieaat,h1R9at9es9:-F2al0ls0, G1eorgia, 1999-2001
160
Death rate per 100,000 population
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
<1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
Age Group
Older Georgians were more likely to die from falls than younger people, with the rate showing a sharp increase for persons 75 years and older (Figure 17).
24
Falls
The death rate from falls was almost twice as high for males (8.5 per 100,000) as for females (4.7 per 100,000). Whites were more likely to die from falls (6.9 deaths per 100,000 population) than blacks (4.0 deaths per 100,000 population). White males had the highest death rate from falls (9.2 per 100,000 population) among the race/sex groups (Figure 18).
Figure 18. Age-Adjusted Death Rates by Race and Sex, Figure 17. Age-AdjustedFDaelaltsh,RGateesobrygRiaac,e1a9nd99Se-x2:0F0al1ls, Georgia, 1999-2001
Death rate per 100,000 population
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
Among fall deaths, location was not recorded on 58% of the death certificates, 12% were falls from the same level, 8% were falls off of furniture, and 7% were falls from one level to another level such as playground equipment or building level (Figure 19).
FiFgiguurree1199..LLocattiionsooffFFaalllsl,sG, Geoerogrigai,a1,919999-92-0200101
Unspecified 58 %
Same level 12%
One level to another 7% Ladders or scaffolding 3%
Building or ot structure 6%
Furniture 8%
Stairs or steps 6%
25
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Map 5. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County of Residence: Falls, Georgia, 1994-2001
Map 4. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County: Fall, Georgia, 1994-2001
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall
Banks Franklin Hart
Cherokee Forsyth
Fall deaths per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 deaths) <5.5 >=5.5 and <6.8 >=6.8
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Taylor
Bibb Crawford
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
26
Falls
Hospitalizations from Falls
Falls were the leading cause of hospitalizations among the major injury mechanisms, accounting for 40% of all injury hospitalizations. There were a total 43,024 hospitalizations from falls between 1999 and 2001, an average 14,341 per year, resulting in an average of 77,258 hospitalization days and nearly $214 million in hospital charges per year. Of those hospitalized for falls, 66% were females, 80% were non-Hispanic whites, and 65% were persons 65 years and older (Table 9).
Table 9. Number of Hospitalizations by Age, Race and Sex: Table 9. Number of HospiFtaalilzlast,ioGnes obyrgAigae,, R1a9c9e9a-n2d0S0ex1: Falls, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
185
135
531
277
504
181
1,969
1,028
2,548
2,834
5,370
18,993
11,107
23,448
Black
Male
Female
139
83
213
128
209
86
798
460
798
697
744
2,036
2,901
3,490
Hispanic
Male
Female
32
27
29
12
187
9
327
49
78
47
81
273
734
417
Total*
645 1,225 1,226 4,784 7,159 27,950 43,024
Average per Year
215 408 409 1,595 2,386 9,317 14,341
*Total includes all other races/ethnicity.
Figure 20. Age-Specific Hospitalization Rates: Figure 20. Age-SpeFciafilclsH, oGspeiotarlgiziaat,io1n9R9a9te-s2:0F0a1lls, Georgia, 1999-2001
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
Older Georgians had a much higher
4500
risk for fall-related injury hospitalization
4000
than younger Georgians. The
3500
hospitalization rate for fall-related
3000
injuries was highest for those 85 years
2500
and older (3,900 per 100,000) (Figure
2000
20).
1500
1000
500
0
Females had a higher rate of fall-
<1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
Age Group
related injury hospitalization (238.9 per 100,000 population) than males (176.8 per 100,000 population). Among
FigurFeig21u.rAeg2e-1A.dAjugsete-daHdojsupsittaelidzaHtioonsRpaitteaslbizyaRtaicoenasndbySex: Race and FSaellxs:, GFaeollrsg,iaG, 1e9o9r9g-2ia00,11999-2001
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
the race/ethnic groups, Hispanics
300
(280.1 per 100,000 population) had a
250
significantly higher hospitalization rate
than non-Hispanic whites (241.4 per
200
100,000 population) and non-Hispanic
150
blacks (134.5 per 100,000 population).
Hispanic males had the highest fall-
100
related hospitalization rate (282.4 per
50
100,000 population) among all the
race/ethnic/sex groups (Figure 21).
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
Hispanic Male
Hispanic Female
27
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
The location of almost half of the falls resulting in hospitalization was not specified; 27% were falls at the same level, and another 9% were falls from one level to another level (Figure 22).
FigurFeig2u2r.eL22o.cLaoticoantisonofofFFaalllss,, GGeeoorrggiaia, ,1919999-92-0200101
Same Level 27%
Not Specified
49%
One Level to Another 9%
Ladder 4%
Building 2%
Stairs 5%
Furniture 4%
28
Falls
Map 6. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County of Residence: Falls, Georgia, 1999-2001
Map 5. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County: Fall, Georgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall
Banks Franklin Hart
Cherokee Forsyth
Fall Injury hospitalizations per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 hospitalizations) <204.0 >=204.0 and <247.0 >=247.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Taylor
Bibb Crawford
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
29
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Fall Related Prevention Strategies
In Georgia, 65% of those hospitalized after falls and 75% of those dying from falls were persons 65 years and older. Strength training and regular physical activity programs for the elderly would decrease the number of falls and related mortality and morbidity. Services that assess environmental, medical, and behavioral risk factors for falls in the homes of elderly individuals would provide opportunity to remove or rectify safety hazards in the home. Such measures would include installing improved lighting, installing railings, removing loose rugs, and covering slippery surfaces in order to reduce the likelihood of falls and subsequent death and injury among the elderly. Implementing health care provider review of medicines, and having regular vision checks for the elderly are also recommended prevention measures. For children, safety precautions to prevent falls from furniture, windows, stairs and playgrounds are critical. These include constant supervision of infants on furniture (beds, chairs, changing tables), installing window guards and safety gates for stairs, removing furniture in close proximity to windows, and avoiding the use of baby walkers. Use of age-appropriate playground equipment under adult supervision, use of proper safety equipment when engaged in sports, and adequate safety precautions at construction sites would also serve to reduce the incidence and severity of fall related injuries.
Injury Prevention Programs for Fall Related Injuries
The Injury Prevention Section of the Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health works with local communities, the Division of Public Health's Child Health Program and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, and the state's Division of Aging Services to reduce injuries from falls. The Injury Prevention Section has distributed "Remembering When: A Fire and Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults" to fire deparments and health departments. The curriculum was developed by the CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, and other partners. It uses lesson plans, brochures, fact sheets, game cards, and other educational materials to present 16 life-saving lessons for elderly persons. The Injury Prevention Section has also collaborated with SAFE KIDS to improve playground safety for children. Efforts are being made to increase the number of trained playground inspectors and the number of playgrounds inspected. The Injury Prevention Section continues to seek resources to support fall prevention programs in Georgia.
Falls Prevention Resources
CDC: US Fall Prevention Programs for Seniors http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/falls/default.htm
National Osteoporosis Foundation http://www.nof.org/patientinfo/fall_prevention.htm
American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.aap.org/family/tippmain.htm
National Resource Center on Aging and Injury http://www.nrcai.org/
30
POISONING
Poisoning
Georgians aged 35 to 54 years had the highest poisoning death rate among all age groups. Forty percent of these deaths were caused by narcotics and hallucinogens.
An average of 1,329 Georgians were hospitalized each year due to poisonings during the 1999-2001 period.
Poisoning is defined as exposure to toxic or poisonous substances that cause a negative reaction of the body. Those substances include sedatives, psychotropic medications, narcotics, hallucinogens, anesthetics, and other drugs; liquids such as alcohol or pesticides; gases and vapors such as carbon monoxide or utility gas; and other noxious substances or chemicals.
Deaths from Poisoning
From 1999 through 2001, 995 Georgians died from accidental poisoning, an average of 332 per year. Of those dying, the majority (83%) were aged 25 to 64 years, 65% were males and 75% were white (Table 10).
Table 10. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Poisoning, Georgia, 1999-2001
Table 14. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Poisoning, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
5
0
1
0
68
14
267
133
127
92
19
21
487
260
Black
Male
Female
5
0
3
1
9
2
66
41
69
24
11
9
163
77
Other
Male Female
1
0
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
1
0
1
6
2
Total
11 5 94 511 313 61 995
Apevreryaegaer
4 2 31 170 104 20 332
31
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
The death rate from poisoning in Georgia was comparable to the US rate from 1979 to 1991. From 1992 to 2000, the Georgia death rate was lower than the US rate, with both Georgia and US rates increasing (Figure 23). Poisoning in Georgia was the only major injury mechanism with an average death rate lower than the national rate during 1999-2001.
Death rate per 100,000 population
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Figure 23. Age-Adjusted Death Rates:
Figure 39. Age-AdjuPsotiesodnDinega,tGheRoragteias:aPnodiUsoSn, i1n9g7,9G-2e0o0r1gia and US, 1981-2001
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NOTE.The dotted line indicates a change in coding systems used for cause of death. ICD-9 codes were used in 1979-1998 and ICD-10 codes were used in 1999-2001
GA
US
Figure 24. Age-Specific Death Rates: Figure 37. Age-SPpoecisifoicnDinegat,hGReaotersg: Piaoi1so9n9in9g-,2G0e0or1gia, 1999-2001
Death rates from poisoning were highest for persons 35 to 54 years old (Figure 24). The lowest death rate was among children between the ages of 1 and 14 years.
Death rate per 100,000 population
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
<1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Age Group
32
Poisoning
The death rate from poisoning was twice as high for males (5.4 per 100,000 population) as for females (2.7 per 100,000 population). Whites had a higher death rate (4.5 per 100,000 population) than blacks (3.9 per 100,000 population). Black males and white males had the highest poisoning death rates among all race/sex groups (Figure 25).
Figure 25. Age-Adjusted Death Rates by Race and Sex: Poisoning, Figure 38. Age-Adjusted DeathGReatoesrbgyiaR,ac1e9an9d9S-e2x:0P0oi1soning, Georgia, 1999-2001
7
6
Death rate per 100,000 population
5
4
3
2
1
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
Narcotics and hallucinogens caused 40% of all accidental poisoning deaths in 1999-2001. Cocaine is included in this subgroup (Figure 26).
Figure 40. Poisonings by Type,
Figure 26. Poisoning by Type, Georgia, 1999-2001
GA, 1999-2001
Narcotics and hallucinogens
40%
Alcohol 3%
Gases and Vapours 5% Sedative
5%
Pesticides,organic solvents, and other
unspecified chemicals 3%
Other unspecified medications 44%
There were too few poisoning deaths per county to allow for calculation of reliable rates. 33
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Hospitalizations from Poisoning
During the period 1999 through 2001, 3,984 Georgians were hospitalized for poisoning, an average of 1,329 per year, resulting in an average of 4,431 hospitalization days and nearly $11 million in hospital charges per year. Of those hospitalized, about 59% were 25 to 64 years old, 49% were females, and 62% were whites (Table 11).
Table 11. Number of Hospitalizations by Age, Race and Sex: Table 15. Number of HosPpoitaisliozantiionngs b, yGAegoe,rRgaiace, a1n9d 9Se9x-:2P0oi0so1ning, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
83
82
30
20
145
114
385
357
298
367
170
403
1,111
1,343
Black
Male
Female
75
67
18
25
40
47
284
169
261
150
91
119
769
577
Hispanic
Male
Female
7
7
3
3
6
10
25
6
1
3
0
5
42
34
Total*
352 108 375 1,247 1,099 803 3,984
Average per Year
117 36 125 416 366 268 1,328
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
*Total includes all other races/ethnicity.
FigFiugruere412P7.o.AiAsgogene--inSSgpp,eeGccieiffioiccrgHHiaoo,sps1pi9ti9at9lai-lzi2az0tai0to1inonRaRtaeste: s:
Poisoning, Georgia, 1999-2001
50
Children 5 to14 years had the lowest
45
poisoning hospitalization rate of all age
40
groups. Persons 65 years and older and
35
children between the ages of 1 and 4
30
years had the highest hospitalization
25
rates (Figure 27).
20
15
10
5
0 <1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
Age Group
The rate of hospitalization from
poisoning was similar for males (17.8 per FiFgiugruere284.2A. Ageg-ea-dAjdujsutestdedHHosopsiptiatlailzizaatitoionnRRaatteess by
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
100,000 population) and females (16.7 per 100,000 population). Non-Hispanic blacks (22.9 per 100,000 population) were more likely to be hospitalized than non-Hispanic whites (15.9 per 100,000
byRRacaeceaannddSSeexx: :PPooisiosonniningg, ,GGeeoorgrgiaia,,11999999--22000011
35 30 25
population) and Hispanics (9.5 per
20
100,000 population). Among all race/
15
ethnic/sex groups, non-Hispanic black
10
males had the highest hospitalization 5
rate from poisoning (Figure 28)
0
34
White Male
White Female
Black Male Black Female
Hispanic Male
Hispanic Female
Poisoning
Figure 43. Poisonings by Type,
Map 7. Age-adjusted HospitalizationGReaotregbiay,C1o9u9n9ty-2o0f 0R1esidence:
Poisoning, Georgia, 1999-2001
Map 10. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County: Poisoning,TrGanq2eu9i%loizerrsgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Pesticides /Other
10%
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Fannin Gilmer Pickens
Towns Union
White Lumpkin
Rabun
Alcohol 3%
Gases/Vapors Stephens 3%
Poisoning hospitalzations per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 hospitalizations)
<15.5 >=15.5 and <23.0
Opiates 18%
>=23.0
Dawson
Floyd
Bartow
Hall
Banks Franklin Hart
Cherokee Forsyth
Other Drugs
Jackson Madison
25% Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Henry
Clayton Fayette
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson Washington
Upson
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond Burke
Cocaine 12%
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Taylor
Bibb Crawford
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly Crisp
Pulaski Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
35
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Figure 43. Poisonings by Type, Figure 29. PGoeisonrignigas,b1y 9Ty9p9e-, 2G0eo0r1gia, 1999-2001
Pesticides /Other 10%
Alcohol 3%
Gases/Vapors 3%
Tranquilizers 29%
Opiates 18%
Sedatives and tranquilizers accounted for 29% of poisoning hospitalizations, opiates accounted for 18%, and cocaine accounted for 12% of poisoning hospitalizations (Figure 29).
Other Drugs 25%
Cocaine 12%
Poisoning Prevention Strategies
Death data indicate that narcotics and hallucinogens caused 40% of all accidental poisoning deaths. Continued efforts to reduce the prevalence of drug abuse and addiction are needed to prevent accidental poisoning deaths and hospitalizations. Disposing of old medicine properly, providing safe and secure storage for poisonous substances, and publicizing poison control centers can also prevent poisoning injuries.
Injury Prevention Programs for Poisonings
The Injury Prevention Section supports poisoning prevention efforts by providing data on poisonings to community coalitions.
Poisoning Prevention Resources
Georgia Poison Center http://www.georgiapoisoncenter.org/
(1-800-222-1222)
American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)
http://www.aapcc.org/
AAPCC Poison Help Line http://www.1-800-222-1222.info/
Poison Prevention Week Council http://www.poisonprevention.org
National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH)
CDC Childhood Lead Prevention Program
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ lead.htm
NCEH information on Carbon Monoxide
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ airpollution/carbonmonoxide/
default.htm
National Lead Information Center http://www.epa.gov/lead/nlic.htm
(800-424-LEAD (5323))
36
FIRE
Fire-Related
Blacks were 3 times more likely to die from fires (3.7 per 100,000 population) than whites (1.2 per 100,000 population).
Fire-related injury hospitalizations had the longest average hospital stays (10 days per visit) and the highest average hospital charges ($61,000 per visit) among all injury hospitalizations.
Fire-related injuries and deaths occur most often as a result of fires in private or public buildings, however, such injuries may also occur under other scenarios such as forest fires, or ignition of clothing or inflammable materials. Injuries from certain types of burns, such as scalds, were not included in this report due to death coding system changes.
Deaths from Fire
A total of 375 Georgians died from fire during 1999 to 2001, an average of 125 deaths per year. Victims were disproportionately elderly, with 34% being older than 65 years of age. Sixty percent were male and 52% were white (Table 12).
Table 12. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Fire/Burn, Georgia, 1999-2001
Table 10. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Fire/Burn, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
10
4
5
2
10
3
28
14
38
22
33
25
124
70
Black
Male
Female
5
11
5
4
7
1
25
12
28
14
32
37
102
79
Other
Male
Female
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
30 16 21 79 102 127 375
Average per year
10 5 7 26 34 42 125
37
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
The death rate from fires in Georgia has been consistently higher than the death rate in the United States since 1979. Both the national and state rates decreased from 1979 to 1998 (Figure 30). From 1999 through 2001, if the death rate for fires in Georgia had been equal to that of the United States, an estimated 42 persons per year would not have died from fires (Table 1).
Figure 30. Age-Adjusted Death Rates:
Figure 25. Age-AdjuFsitreed, GDeeoartghiaRaantedsU: FS,ir1e9,7G9-e2o0r0g1ia and US, 1981-2001
Death rate per 100,000 population 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NOTE.The dotted line indicates a change in coding systems used for cause of death. ICD-9 codes were used in 1979-1998 and ICD-10 codes were used in 1999-2001
GA
US
Young children and the elderly were more likely to die from fires than persons in other age groups. Georgians aged 5 to 34 years had the lowest fire death rates (Figure 31).
Death rate per 100,000 population
Figure 31. Age-Specific Death Rates: Fire, Georgia, 1999-2001
Figure 23. Age-Specific Death Rates: Fire, GA, 1999-2001
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 <1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Age Group
38
Fire-Related
The rate of dying from fires was 1.8 times higher for males (2.3 per 100,000 population) than for females (1.3 per 100,000 population). Blacks were 3 times more likely to die from fires (3.7 per 100,000 population) than whites (1.2 per 100,000 population). Black males had the highest fire death rate (5.0 per 100,000 population) among all race/sex groups (Figure 32).
Death rate per 100,000 population
Figure 32. Age-Adjusted Death Rates: FigurFei2re4.,AGgee-oArdgjiuasteadnDdeaUthSR, a1te9s99by-2R0ac0e1and Sex:
Fire, Georgia, 1999-2001
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
Eighty-six percent (86%) of all fire deaths occurred in buildings or structures, which includes private and public dwellings (Figure 33).
FigFuigreur3e3.2L6o. cLatoicoantsioonfsFoaftaFliFreir,eGs,AG,e1o9rg9i9a-,21090919-2001
Building or structure 86%
Not in Building or structure 5%
Ignition of clothing 5%
Ignition of inflammable
material 1%
Other 1% Unspecified 2%
39
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Map 8. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County of Residence: Fire, Georgia, 1994-2001
Map 6. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County: Fire, Georgia, 1994-2001
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall Banks Franklin Hart Cherokee Forsyth
Fire deaths per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 deaths) <2.1 >=2.1 and <3.0 >=3.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Taylor
Bibb Crawford
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
40
Fire-Related
Hospitalizations from Fire
There were 1,171 hospitalizations in 1999-2001 as a result of fire-related injuries (an average of 390 hospitalizations per year) resulting in an average 3,840 hospitalization days and nearly $24 million in hospital charges per year. Although fire accounted for only 1% of all injury-related hospitalizations, the average fire-related hospitalization lasted twice as long and cost 34 times more than other injury hospitalizations in Georgia. Of those hospitalized from fire-related injuries, 67% were males and 58% were whites (Table 13).
Table 13. Number of Hospitalizations by Age, Race and Sex: Fire, Georgia, 1999-2001
Table 11. Number of Hospitalizations by Age, Race and Sex: Fire, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
17
9
78
14
79
11
160
48
127
28
51
62
512
172
Black
Male
Female
14
5
38
11
23
10
82
45
68
28
43
44
268
143
Hispanic
Male
Female
2
0
1
3
13
0
16
1
3
0
0
0
35
4
Total*
49 149 140 362 267 204 1,171
Average per Year
16 50 47 121 89 68 390
*Total includes all other races/ethnicity.
The hospitalization rate for fire-related injuries increased with age and was highest for those 85 years and older (Figure 34).
Figure 34. Age-Specific Hospitalization Rates: Fire, Georgia, 1999-2001
Figure 27. Age-Specific Hospitalization Rates: Fire, Georgia, 1999-2001
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
<1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Age Group
41
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
The rate of hospitalization from fire-related injury was 2.7 times higher for males (7.4 per 100,000 population) than for females (rate 2.7 per 100,000 population). Non-Hispanic blacks (7.0 per 100,000 population) were more likely than non-Hispanic whites or Hispanics (both 4.5 per 100,000 population) to be hospitalized for fire-related injuries. Black males had the highest hospitalization rate among all race/ ethnic/sex groups (Figure 35).
Figure 35. Age-adjusted Hospitalizations by
Figure R28a.cAegea-nAdjuSsetexd: HFiorsep,itaGliezaotriogniaR,at1e9s 9by9-R2ac0e0a1nd Sex:
Fire, Georgia, 1999-2001
12
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
10 8
6
4 2
0 White Male
*Less than 10 hospitalizations
White Female
Black Male Black Female
Hispanic Male
Hispanic Female*
Twenty eight percent (28%) of all fire-related hospitalizations resulted from fires in private buildings, and 38% were caused by ignition of highly inflammable materials. Almost 20% of all fire-related hospitalizations were not coded for location (Figure 36.)
FiguFriegu3r6e.2L9o. cLaotcGiaoetniooonrgsfioaFf,irF1ei9rCe9,a9Gu-2seio0nr0gg1iHa,o1s9p9i9ta-2li0z0a1tion,
Unspecified 21%
Other 4%
Ignition of inflammable
material 30%
Private Building 22%
Other/Unspecified Building 3%
Not in building 10%
Ignition of clothing 10%
42
Fire-Related
Map 9. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County of Residence:
Fire, Georgia, 1999-2001
Map 7. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County: Fire, Georgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall Banks Franklin Hart Cherokee Forsyth
Fire injury hospitalizations per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 hospitalizations) <5.5 >=5.5 and <12.0 >=12.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Bibb Crawford
Taylor
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
43
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Fire Related Injury Prevention Strategies
Appropriately placed and maintained smoke detectors in homes, emergency fire exit plans, and fire extinguishers are proven ways of reducing death and serious injuries from residential fires. Other measures of reducing fire-related injuries include enforcing existing building fire codes, and placing matches and lighters out of the reach of children.
Injury Prevention Programs for Fire Related Injuries
The Injury Prevention Section of the Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, supports a multi-faceted fire prevention program that includes the identification of highrisk neighborhoods and resident education on the risk factors for residential fires. The Program stresses the importance of having a family evacuation plan in case of fire and coordinates and leads the installation of smoke alarms in homes without adequate smoke alarm coverage. The program conducts followup visits to continually monitor the effectiveness of the programs. Neighborhoods selected for the program typically include low-income households with large numbers of children or elderly residents and with old structures that can be readily consumed by fire. Firemen and volunteers are responsible for the residence inspection and keeping records as to where the detectors are installed and providing follow-up visits. The program is sponsored by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Georgia Fire Fighters Burn Foundation. National SAFE KIDS estimates that $60 is saved for every dollar spent on a smoke detector. Since its inception in 1999, the Residential Fire Prevention Program of the Injury Prevention Section has documented 83 cases where residents were alerted to evacuate in time by smoke alarms installed through the program.
Fire Prevention Resources
National Fire Protection Association http://www.nfpa.org/catalog/home/index.asp
National SAFE KIDS Campaign http://www.safekids.org/tier2_rl.cfm?folder_id=171
Georgia Firefighters Burn Foundation http://www.gfbf.org/
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission http://www.cpsc.gov/spscpub/pubs/fire_sfy.html
U.S. Fire Administration http://www.usfa.fema.gov/public/
44
Drowning and Near-Drowning
DROWNING & NEAR DROWNING
Children ages 1 to 4 years and 15 to 24 years had a significantly higher risk for drowning than Georgians in other age groups
More than half of the hospitalizations for near drowning resulted from incidents in swimming pools, and almost half (42%) of those hospitalized were children under 5 years of age.
Drowning and submersion deaths include deaths involving swimming pools, natural open water (rivers, lakes, or seas), bathtubs and other bodies of water where no watercrafts were involved.
Deaths from Drowning
Drowning is an important injury concern, as it was the 2nd leading cause of unintentional injury death for children 1 to 4 years of age. From 1999 through 2001, 351 Georgians drowned, an average of 117 per year. Of these, 37% were children under the age of five or young adults between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Eighty percent (80%) were male, and 62% were white (Table 14).
Table 14. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Drowning, Georgia, 1999-2001
Table 6. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Drowning, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
White
Male
Female
Black
Male
Female
Other
Male
Female
Total
Average per year
Under 5
20
16
8
2
2
5-14
11
6
27
6
0
15-24
47
3
32
2
2
25-44
45
10
24
2
1
45-64
34
12
14
1
0
65+
10
3
5
4
0
Total
167
50
110
17
5
1
49
16
1
51
17
0
86
29
0
82
27
0
61
20
0
22
7
2
351
117
45
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Death rate per 100,000 population
1979 2980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
The death rate from drowning in Georgia decreased from 1979 to 1993 but remains slightly higher than the US rate (Figure 37). From 1999 through 2001, if the death rate for drowning in Georgia had been equal to the death rate for drowning in the United States, an estimated 10 persons per year would not have died from drowning in Georgia (Table 1).
Figure 11. Age-AdjusFteigduDree3a7th. ARgae-teAsd:juDsrteodwDnienagth, GRaetoersg:ia and US, 1981-2001
Drowning, Georgia and US, 1979-2001
4 3.5
3 2.5
2 1.5
1 0.5
0
NOTE.The dotted line indicates a change in coding systems used for cause of death. ICD-9 codes were used in 1979-1998 and ICD-10 codes were used in 1999-2001
GA
US
Children 1 to 4 years of age and young adults 15 to 24 years of age had a significantly higher risk for drowning than other age groups (Figure 38).
Figure 38. Age-Specific Death Rates: Drowning, Georgia, 1999-2001
Figure 9. Age-Specific Death Rates: Drowning, GA, 1999-2001
3.5
Death rate per 100,000 population
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0 <1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Age Group
46
Drowning and Near-Drowning
The rate of drowning was about four times higher for males (2.3 per 100,000 population) than for females (0.6 per 100,000 population). Whites (1.4 per 100,000 population) were slightly less likely than blacks (1.8 per 100,000 population) to die from drowning. Among the race/ethnic/sex groups, black males had the highest drowning rate (3.2 per 100,000 population) (Figure 39).
Figure 39. Age-Adjusted Death Rates by Race and Sex: FiDgurroe w10n. AinDggero-,AwGdnjieunsogt,erdGgDeiaoeragatihan,Rd1a9tU9es9S-b2y,00R11a9c9e9an-d2S0e0x:1
3.5
3
2.5
2
Death rate per 100,000 population
1.5
1
0.5
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
More than one-third (39%) of all the drownings occurred in open water, and almost half (48%) of the open water victims were teenagers or young adults between 15 and 34 years of age. Of those who drowned in a swimming pool (14% of all drownings), 59% were children ages 1 to 14 years old. (Figure 40).
FiFgiugruere401.2D. rDorwonwinnginbgybTyyTpey,pGe,eGorAgi,a1,919999-92-0200101
Open water 39%
Bathtub 9%
Swimming Pool 14%
Unspecified 26%
Other 12%
47
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Map 10. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County of Residence: Drowning, Georgia, 1994-2001
Map 3. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County: Drowning, Georgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall
Banks Franklin Hart
Cherokee Forsyth
Drownings per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 deaths) >1.4 >=1.4 and <1.9 >=1.9
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Bibb Crawford
Taylor
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
48
Drowning and Near-Drowning
Hospitalizations from Near Drowning
From 1999 through 2001, 188 Georgians were hospitalized for near-drowning, an average of 63 per year, resulting in an average of 400 days in hospital stay and nearly $1.3 million in hospital charges per year. Although drowning incidents resulted in fewer hospitalizations than deaths, near-drownings ranked 2nd in hospital charges per visit among all the injury mechanisms, with average charges of approximately $21,000. Of all those hospitalized for near-drownings, 42% were children under 5 years of age, 61% were males, and 47% were whites (Table 15).
Table 15. Number of Hospitalizations by Age, Race and Sex: Near-Drowning, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
29
17
9
3
5
1
8
3
3
1
7
3
61
28
Black
Male
Female
15
4
16
16
12
0
3
1
3
0
0
0
49
21
Hispanic
Male
Female
1
3
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
3
Total*
79 52 21 18 8 10 188
Average per Year
26 17 7 6 3 3 63
*Total includes all other races/ethnicity.
Children under 5 years of age had the highest hospitalization rates among all age groups (Figure 41).
Figure 41. Age-Specific Hospitalization Rates:
Figure 13. Age-SpecificNHeaors-pDitaroliwzantinogn,RGaetoesr:gNiae,a1r9-D99ro-2w0n0in1g, Georgia, 1999-2001
6
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
5
4
3
2
1
0
<1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
Age Group
49
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
The rate of near-drowning hospitalization was higher among males (rate 1.1 per 100,000 population) than among females (rate 0.5 per 100,000 population). Whites (0.6 per 100,000 population) and blacks (0.8 per 100,000 population) were equally likely to be hospitalized for near-drowning. However, black males had the highest near-drowning hospitalization rate among all race/ethnic/sex groups (Figure 42).
Figure 42. Age-Adjusted Hospitalization Rates by Race and Sex: FigureN1e4.aAr-gDe-ArodwjusnteidngH,osGpeitaolrizgaitaio,n1R9at9e9s -b2y 0R0ac1e and Sex:
Near-Drowning, Georgia, 1999-2001
1.4
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
1.2 1
0.8
0.6 0.4
0.2
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male Black Female
*Less than 10 hospitalizations; rate not calculated
Hispanic Male*
Hispanic Female*
More than half of the hospitalizations for near-drowning (55%) occurred after incidents in swimming pools, and almost 78% of persons affected were children under 15 years of age. Near-drowning incidents in open water accounted for 24% of hospitalizations with a majority (77%) of those affected being children under 15 years old (Figure 43.)
FiguFreig4ur3e. 1N5.eNare-aDr-Drorowwnniinngg bbyy TTyyppee, ,GGeoerogriag,ia19, 9199-92090-12001
Open Water 24%
Bathtub 10%
Unspecified 6%
Other 5%
Swimming Pool 55%
There were too few hospitalizations per county to allow for calculation of reliable county-specific hospitalization rates for near drowning.
50
Drowning and Near-Drowning
Drowning Related Prevention Strategies
Many of the drownings could have been prevented through constant adult supervision of children near swimming pools and open water (lakes, ponds, etc), enforcing ordinances for child proof fencing around pools, covering pools with appropriate covers, and using effective barriers around ponds and open water. Parental knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) could greatly increase the chance for survival or reduce the severity of injury to children in neardrowning cases. Other prevention measures include utilizing Coast Guard approved personal floatation devices (PFD) when involved in water-related recreational activities, avoiding swimming after dark, and avoiding the use of alcohol or other drugs before and during recreational water activities.
Injury Prevention Programs for Drowning Related Injuries
The Injury Prevention Section of the Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, works with local communities and other state agencies to develop drowning prevention programs. These include the support of PFD provision programs on major open water recreational waterways. These programs have frequently involved partnerships with local coalitions through which the Injury Prevention Section provides district or county specific data on drowning or near drowning related mortality and morbidity.
51
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Drowning Prevention Resources
The following organizations and web sites provided recommendations and best practices on preventing drowning related deaths and near-drowning injuries. American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.aap.org/family/tipppool.htm The Medical Center of Central Georgia
http://www.mccg.org/childrenshealth/safety/waterhub.asp American Red Cross
http://www.redcross.org/services/bss/tips/healthtips/safetywater.html U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/chdrown.html Children's Safety Network
http://www.childrenssafetynetwork.org/ National Safety Council
http://www.nsc.org/library/facts/drown.htm U.S. Coast Guard, Office of Boating Safety http://www.uscgboating.org/ The United States Lifesaving Association http://www.usla.org/index.html
52
Suicide and Suicide Attempts
SUICIDE / SUICIDE ATTEMPT
Suicide is the second leading cause of injury death and the eleventh overall leading cause of death in Georgia.
The majority (90%) of hospitalizations for suicide attempts were due to poisonings, with white females having the highest hospitalization rate among all race/ethnic/sex groups.
Suicide (death) or suicide attempt (nonfatal) is an intentional injury with the intent to harm or kill oneself.
Deaths from Suicide
Suicide is the second leading cause of injury death and the eleventh overall leading cause of death in Georgia. From 1999 through 2001, 2,620 Georgians committed suicide, an average of 873 deaths per year. Of those dying from suicide, 40% were 25 to 44 years of age, 80% were males, and 85% were white (Table 16).
Table 16. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Suicide, Georgia, 1999-2001
Table 17. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Suicide, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
0
0
14
3
244
51
662
189
501
159
332
74
1753
476
Black
Male
Female
0
0
1
2
82
7
149
20
55
8
21
3
308
40
Other
Male
Female
0
0
1
0
5
2
20
3
7
4
1
0
34
9
Total
0 21 391 1043 734 431 2620
Average per year
0 7 130 348 245 144 873
53
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Death rate per 100,000 population
1979 2980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
The death rate from suicide in Georgia is similar to the death rate in the US. The suicide rates for both Georgia and the US have remained almost unchanged over the past two decades (Figure 44).
Figure 53. Age-Adjusted Death Rates:
Figure 44. Age-Adjusted Death Rates: Suicide, Georgia, 1979-2001
Suicide, GA, 1981-2001
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
NOTE.The dotted line indicates a change in coding systems used for cause of death.
ICD-9 codes were used in 1979-1998 and ICD-10 codes were used in 1999-2001
GA
US
The suicide rate in Georgia was highest among persons aged 75 to 84 years (Figure 45).
Death rate per 100,000 population
Figure 45. Age-Specific Death Rates:
FigSuuricei5d1e., AGgeeo-rSgpiae,ci1fi9c9D9-e2a0th0R1 ates: Suicide, GA, 1999-2001
25
20
15
10
5
0 <1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Age Group
54
Suicide and Suicide Attempts
The suicide rate was 4.5 times higher for males (19.2 per 100,000 population) than for females (4.2 per 100,000 population). Whites were more likely to die from suicide (13.7 per 100,000 population) than blacks (5.1 per 100,000 population). White males had the highest suicide rate (22.9 per 100,000 population) among all the race/sex groups (Figure 46).
Figure 46. AFgigeu-rAed5j2u. sAteged-ADdejuastthedRDaetaeths RbayteRsace and Sex: by RSauceicainddeS, eGxe: oSurgiciiad,e,1G9A99, 1-929090-21001
25
Death rate per 100,000 population
20
15 10
5
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
Firearms were the most common method for suicide in Georgia, accounting for 70% of total suicides from 1999 to 2001, while hanging or suffocation accounted for 14% and poisoning accounted for 12% of suicides (Figure 47).
Figure 47. Suicide by Method Used, Georgia, 1999-2001 Figure 54. Suicide by Method Used, GA, 1999-2001
Cutting 1%
Jumping 1%
Other 2%
Firearm 70%
Poisoning 12%
Hanging or Suffocation
14%
55
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Map 11. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County of Residence: Suicide, Georgia, 1994-2001
Map 13. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County: Suicide, Georgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall Banks Franklin Hart Cherokee Forsyth
Suicides per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 deaths) <12.0 >=12.0 and <14.0 >=14.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Taylor
Bibb Crawford
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
56
Suicide and Suicide Attempts
Hospitalizations from Suicide Attempts
Suicide attempts were the third leading cause of injury hospitalizations. From 1999 through 2001, a total of 6,688 Georgians were hospitalized for suicide attempts, an average of 2,229 per year, resulting in approximately 6,400 hospitalization days and $19.7 million in hospital charges per year. Of those hospitalized, about 51% were 25 through 44 years old, 61% were female and 73% were white (Table 17).
Table 17. Number of Hospitalizations by Age, Race and Sex: Suicide Attempt, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
1
0
31
139
428
580
1,029
1,464
413
598
90
101
1992
2,882
Black
Male
Female
0
0
10
53
171
252
335
437
84
98
11
10
611
850
Hispanic
Male
Female
0
1
0
7
20
42
26
38
6
13
5
0
57
101
Total*
3 251 1,555 3,415 1,241 223 6,688
Average per Year
1 84 518 1,138 414 74 2,229
*Total includes all other races/ethnicity.
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
FFiigguurree5458.. AAggee--SSppeeccifiificcHHoossppititaalliizzaattiioonn RRaatteess:: SSuuiicciiddee AAtttteemmpptt,, GGeeoorrggiiaa,, 11999999--22000011
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
<1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Age Group
Georgians aged 15 to 44 years had the highest hospitalization rate for suicide attempts among all age groups (Figure 48).
57
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
The rate of hospitalization for suicide attempts was higher for females (31.5 per 100,000 population) than for males (22.2 per 100,000 population). Non-Hispanic whites were more likely to be hospitalized (30.9 per 100,000 population) than non-Hispanic blacks (19.8 per 100,000 population) and Hispanics (18.3 per 100,000 population). White females had the highest hospitalization rate among all race/ethnic/sex groups (Figure 49).
Figure 49. AgeF-iAgdurjeu5s6te. AdgHe-oAsdpjuisttaedlizHaotspioitnaliRzaatitoensRbaytesRace and Sex: by RSuacieciadned SAetxt:eSmuipcitd,eGAettoemrgpita, G, 1eo9r9gi9a-, 21909091-2001
40
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
Hispanic Male
Hispanic Female
The methods used for attempted suicides resulting in hospitalization were different from the methods used for completed suicides. The majority (90%) of hospitalizations for suicide attempts were due to poisoning, while 4% were from firearm injuries and 4% from cutting/piercing (Figure 50).
Figure 50F. iSguuirceid5e7.ASttueimcidpet bAyttMemeptht od Used, by MethoGdeoUrsgeida,, G19e9o9rg-i2a0,011999-2001
Poisoning 90%
Suffocation 1%
Firearm 4%
Cut/Pierce 4%
Other 1%
58
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Suicide and Suicide Attempts
Map 12. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County of Residence:
Map 14.SAuigcei-daedjAutstteedmHpto,sGpietaolrigzaiati,o1n9R9a9t-e2b0y01County: Suicide Attempt, Georgia, 1994-2001
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall Banks Franklin Hart Cherokee Forsyth
Suicide attempt hospitalizations per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 deaths) <26.0 >=26.0 and <40.0 >=40.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Bibb Crawford
Taylor
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly Crisp
Pulaski Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
59
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Suicide/Suicide Attempt Prevention Strategies
Suicide may be prevented by increasing awareness of the risk factors for suicide, identifying the warning signs of major depression and suicidal thoughts, and referring those experiencing depression or suicidal ideation for appropriate treatment. In addition, because 70% of suicides in Georgia were committed with firearms, and 90% of suicide attempt hospitalizations were from poisoning, such as sedatives, restricting access to firearms as well as to sedatives by people at higher risk of suicide will also help reduce the incidence of suicide attempts.
Injury Prevention Programs for Suicide/Attempted Suicide
The former Georgia Legislature, through a publicprivate partnership with the Suicide Prevention Advocacy Network (SPAN USA), designated funds for development of a Georgia Suicide Prevention Plan. SPAN, in collaboration with the Injury Prevention Section of the Division of Public Health, Georgia Department of Human Resources, and the National Mental Health Association of Georgia, engaged nearly 1,000 Georgians in this year-long effort. The Injury Prevention Section is continuing its collaboration with SPAN, their partners and other advocates to increase community awareness of suicide and implement best practice programs that address youth suicide.
Suicide Prevention Resources
Georgia Suicide Prevention Plan http://www.georgiasuicidepreventionplan.org/
Suicide Prevention Action Network http://www.spanusa.org/
Suicide Prevention Action Network: Georgia http://www.spanusa.org/GSPP.html American Association of Suicidology http://www.suicidology.org/ 1-202-237-2280
American Foundation for Suicide Prevention http://www.afsp.org/
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) http://www.nimh.nih.gov
National Strategy for Suicide Prevention http://www.mentalhealth.org/suicideprevention/ National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center
http://www.safeyouth.org/ 1-866-SAFEYOUTH (723-3968)
60
HOMICIDE / ASSAULT
Homicide and Assaults
Black males were four times more likely to die from homicide than white males, and accounted for 60% of all the homicide deaths.
Males, especially black males and Hispanic males, had a higher hospitalization rate than females from assault.
Homicide (death) or assault (nonfatal) is defined as an intentional injury with the intent to harm or kill.
Deaths from Homicide
From 1999 through 2001, 1,936 Georgians died from homicide, an average of 645 per year. Of those dying, 73% were between the ages of 15 and 44 years, 74% were males and 60% were black (Table 18).
Table 18. Number of Deaths by Age, Race and Sex: Table 16. Number ofHDoeamthiscbidy eA,geG, Reaocregainad,S1e9x:9H9o-m2i0ci0de1, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
15
15
14
12
111
32
225
93
121
43
27
23
513
218
Black
Male
Female
28
32
16
7
308
53
431
141
94
35
18
7
895
275
Other
Male
Female
1
0
1
0
5
0
12
5
8
3
0
0
27
8
Total
91 50 509 907 304 75 1936
Average per year
30 17 170 302 101 25 645
61
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Death rate per 100,000 population
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
The death rate from homicide in Georgia has been consistently higher than the US rate since 1979. Both rates have decreased over the past two decades (Figure 51). During the period 1999 through 2001, if the death rate for homicides in Georgia had been equal to the death rate for homicides in the United States, an estimated 130 persons per year would not have died (Table 1).
FiguFriegu4re65. 1A. Aggee--AAddjjuussteteddDeDaethatRhatResa:tes: HHomomiciciiddee,, GGeoArgaianadnUd USS, ,11998791--22000011
18
16 14
12 10
8 6
4 2
0
NOTE.The dotted line indicates a change in coding systems used for cause of death. ICD-9 codes were used in 1979-1998 and ICD-10 codes were used in 1999-2001
GA
US
Infants less than one year old and persons aged 15 to 44 years had the highest homicide rates of all age groups (Figure 52).
FFigiguHurroeem45i24c.i.dAAeg,egG-eSe-poSerpgciiefaci,ci1fDi9ce9a9Dt-he2a0Rt0ah1teRs:ates: Homicide, GA, 1999-2001
16
14
Death rate per 100,000 population
12
10
8 6
4
2
0
<1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+
Age Group
62
Homicide and Assaults
The rate of homicide was about 3 times higher for males (12.0 per 100,000 population) than for females (4.0 per 100,000 population). Blacks were more likely to die from homicide (16.0 per 100,000 population) than whites (4.5 per 100,000 population). Black males had the highest homicide rate (25.6 per 100,000 population) among all the race/sex groups (Figure 53).
Figure 53. Age-adjusted Death Rates by
RFaicgeuarend45S.exA:gHeo-Amdicjuidsete,dGDeoeragtiha,R1a9te9s9-b2y0R01ace and Sex: Homicide, GA, 1999-2001
30
Death rate per 100,000 population
25
20
15
10
5
0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
Firearms were the most common method used for homicide in Georgia, accounting for 63% of all homicides from 1999 through 2001 (Figure 54).
Figure 54. Homicide by Method Used, Georgia, 1999-2001
Figure 47. Homicide by Method Used, GA, 1999-2001
Other 10%
Fire 2%
Unspecified 12%
Struck by or against 2%
Cutting 8%
Hanging or suffocation
3%
Firearm 63%
63
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Map 13. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County of Residence: Homicide, Georgia, 1994-2001
Map 11. Age-adjusted Death Rate by County: Homicide, Georgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall
Banks Franklin Hart
Cherokee Forsyth
Homicides per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 deaths) <6.1 >=6.1 and <10.0 >=10.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether
Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson Washington
Burke
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Taylor
Bibb Crawford
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly
Pulaski
Crisp
Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
64
Homicide and Assaults
Hospitalizations from Assaults
There were a total of 5,972 injury hospitalizations from assaults from 1999 to 2001, an average of 1,991 per year, resulting in approximately 11,600 hospitalization days and almost $37 million in hospital charges per year. Of those hospitalized, about 75% were between the ages of 15 and 44 years, 78% were male and 63% were black (Table 19).
Table 19. Number of Hospitalizations by Age, Race and Sex:
Assault, Georgia, 1999-2001
Table 17. Number of Hospitalizations by Age, Race and Sex: Assault, Georgia, 1999-2001
Age Group
Under 5 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total
White
Male
Female
52
30
11
5
289
48
627
138
202
77
36
57
1,217
355
Black
Male
Female
70
60
63
15
805
134
1,608
340
530
82
35
33
3,111
664
Hispanic
Male
Female
11
4
5
4
132
6
162
9
30
2
2
0
342
25
Total*
258 106 1,456 3,012 971 169 5,972
Average per Year
86 35 485 1,004 324 56 1,991
*Total includes all other races/ethnicity.
Infants and persons between the ages of 15 and 44 years had the highest assault hospitalization rates among all age groups (Figure 55).
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
FFiigguurree 4585.. AAggee--SSppeeccifiifcicHHoospspitiatalilzizaatitoionnRRaatetess: : AAssssaauulltt,, GGeeoorrggiiaa,,11999999--22000011
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 <1
1-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Age Group
65
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
The rate of hospitalization due to assault was 4.5 times higher for males (38.8 per 100,000 population) than for females (8.7 per 100,000 population). Non-Hispanic blacks had a higher assault hospitalization rate (52.5 per 100,000 population) than non-Hispanic whites (10.0 per 100,000 population). Non-Hispanic black males and Hispanic males had the highest hospitalization rates from assault among all race/ethnic/sex groups (Figure 56).
Figure 56. FAiggeu-rAed4j9u.sAtegde-HAodsjpuisttaedlizHaotsiopintaRliaztaetisonbyRRataecse and Sex: by RaceAasnsdauSletx, :GAesosraguilat, G19e9o9rg-i2a0, 011999-2001
Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 population
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 White Male
White Female
Black Male
Black Female
Hispanic Male
Hispanic Female
Among all assault injuries that resulted in hospitalization, 24% were inflicted by firearms, 23% by cutting/ piercing, and 20% by unarmed fights (Figure 57).
FiguFreig5u7re. A50ss.aAuslstabuylt MbyeMtheothdoUd sUesde,dG, eGoAr,g1ia9,9199-29090-12001
Struck by blunt/ thrown object 13%
Other 7%
Battering 4%
Unspecified 8%
Cut/Pierce 23%
Unarmed Fight 20%
Firearm 24%
Rape 1%
66
Homicide and Assaults
Map 14. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County of Residence: Assault, Georgia, 1999-2001
Map 12. Age-adjusted Hospitalization Rate by County: Assault, Georgia, 1994-2001
Dade Whitfield Murray Habersham
Catoosa
Walker
Chattooga
Gordon
Floyd
Bartow
Fannin
Towns Union
Rabun
Gilmer Pickens
White Lumpkin
Stephens
Dawson
Hall Banks Franklin Hart Cherokee Forsyth
Assault injury hospitalizations per 100,000 population
Rate not calculated (less than 10 hospitalizations) <17.0 >=17.0 and <28.0 >=28.0
Jackson Madison
Elbert
Polk Paulding Cobb
Haralson
Carroll
Douglas Fulton
Gwinnett Barrow
Dekalb
Walton
Clarke Oconee
Oglethorpe
Wilkes
Rockdale
Newton
Morgan
Greene Taliaferro
Lincoln
Clayton Fayette
Henry
Heard
Coweta
Spalding Butts Jasper Putnam
Hancock
Warren Glascock
Columbia McDuffie
Richmond
Troup
Meriwether Pike
Lamar Monroe
Jones Baldwin
Jefferson
Burke
Washington
Upson
Harris
Talbot
Muscogee Chattahoochee Marion
Bibb Crawford
Taylor
Peach
Macon
Houston
Wilkinson Twiggs
Bleckley
Laurens
Johnson Treutlen
Jenkins
Screven
Emanuel
Candler Bulloch
Effingham
Montgomery
Quitman
Stewart
Schley Sumter
Randolph Terrell Lee
Dooly Crisp
Pulaski Wilcox
Turner
Dodge
Wheeler
Telfair Ben Hill
Jeff Davis
Toombs Appling
Evans Tattnall
Long
Bryan Liberty
Chatham
Webster Clay
Calhoun
Dougherty
Early
Baker
Miller
Mitchell
Seminole
Decatur
Grady
Worth Tift
Colquitt
Cook
Thomas Brooks
Irwin
Coffee
Berrien Atkinson
Lanier Lowndes
Clinch
Bacon
Wayne
Pierce
Ware
Brantley
McIntosh Glynn
Charlton
Camden
Echols
67
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Homicide/Assault Prevention Strategies
Firearms caused 63% of homicides in Georgia. Methods for reducing homicide deaths include reducing the illegal acquisition and use of firearms by criminals and juvenile offenders, increasing education on safe use and storage of firearms, promoting awareness of anger management skills, and implementing programs to reduce bullying and violence against women.
Injury Prevention Programs for Homicide/Assault
The Injury Prevention Section is collaborating with the Family Health Branch on a Violence Against Women Project funded by CDC through its Core Capacity grant. A statewide needs assessment has been conducted to describe the magnitude of domestic violence and sexual assault in Georgia, increase collaboration with stakeholders, and assess gaps in services for prevention, intervention and services for victims. A strategic plan is under development to strengthen services in communities through best practices and increase collaboration and awareness of health and social service providers, the criminal justice system and Violence Against Women programs.
Homicide/Assault Prevention Resources
National Sexual Violence Resource Center National Resource Center on Domestic
http://www.nsvrc.org/
Violence
877-739-3895
http://www.vawnet.org/
National Violence Against Women
( 800-537-2238)
Prevention Research Center
Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network
http://www.vawprevention.org/
(RAINN)
843-792-2945
http://www.rainn.org/
National Youth Violence Prevention
hotline: 800.656.HOPE
Resource Center
The National Center for Injury Prevention
http://www.safeyouth.org/
and Control (NCIPC)
Violence Against Women Electronic
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/dvp.htm
Network
U. S. Department of Justice, Office for
http://www.vawnet.org/
Victims of Crime
National Center for Victims of Crime http://www.ncvc.org
phone: 202.467.8700 fax: 202.467.8701
Office for Victims of Crime Resource Center National Criminal Justice Reference Service
18006276872 (TTY 1877712-9279)
National Domestic Violence Hotline
http://ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/
http://www.ndvh.org/ phone hotline: 1.800.779.SAFE (7233)
U.S. Department of Justice Violence Against Women Office
National Network to End Domestic Violence http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/vawo/
http://www.nnedv.org/
(202-543-5566)
National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center http://www.safeyouth.org/
1-866-SAFEYOUTH (723-3968)
68
Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS
Summary of Data:
Injuries are an important public health problem in Georgia. From 1999 through 2001, unintentional injuries were the 4th leading cause of death, and suicide was the 11th leading cause of death in Georgia. Unintentional injuries, suicide and homicide were the third, fifth and sixth leading causes of premature death, respectively. For all leading causes of injury death except poisoning, fatality rates were higher for Georgia than for the United Sates as a whole. In addition to deaths, injuries caused about 37,000 hospital visits, $668 million in hospital charges, and more than 200,000 hospitalization days. Data indicate that certain populations are at higher risk for injury death or hospitalization than others. Many deaths from drowning and hospitalizations from near-drowning in Georgia occurred in children less than 15 years of age. About two-thirds (65%) of fall-related injury hospitalizations and 75% of deaths from falls were for people ages 65 years and older. Georgians aged 15 to 24 years and those 75 years and older had the highest rates of motor vehicle-related deaths and hospitalizations. Adults aged 35 to 54 years had the
highest death rate from poisoning. In general, males, adolescents, young adults and the elderly had the highest risk for death from injuries. Males, especially Hispanic males, had a higher risk for injury hospitalization than females. Black males were most likely to die from homicide. Data also show that certain places or methods for injuries played important roles in injury related deaths or hospitalizations in Georgia. For fire related injuries, 86% of deaths took place in private buildings or structures. Of all accidental poisonings, 40% were caused by narcotics and hallucinogens. Firearms were used in 63% of homicides and 70% of suicides. Rates for homicide and assault injuries were greater in urban areas.
69
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Role of Primary Prevention:
Injuries are not accidents. On the contrary, nearly all the injuries covered in this profile are predictable, controllable events that can be anticipated and prevented. Injury Prevention programs employ several major components to construct effective prevention programs. While injury prevention programs can be implemented at the local, state, or even the federal level, the most effective programs are often created at the local level, where a multifaceted, need-based program can be developed and evaluated for its effectiveness to meet local priorities. The Injury Prevention Section relies on the following strategies to address the burden of injuries in Georgia.
1. Improve and maintain injury data collection and dissemination through an active injury surveillance system
2. Promote the use of injury prevention guidelines and evaluation measures that are based upon current evidence based research and literature
3. Build effective relationships across emergency medical services, trauma networks, and other partner agencies to increase collaboration and reduce missed opportunities for preventing injuries
4. Develop effective communication channels to deliver injury prevention messages at the local level
5. Promote the institutionalization of injury prevention in the forms of dedicated job descriptions and mandated programs
6. Develop leadership and infrastructure to identify, promote and respond to injury prevention needs at the state and local level
7. Strengthen state and local legislation and policies that lead to reduction in injuries
8. Promote primary prevention as an integral component of a successful trauma network
70
County and Health District Data
COUNTY AND HEALTH DISTRICT DATA
71
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Table 20. Injury deaths by county, Georgia, 1994-2001
County
Motor Vehicle Deaths 1994-2001
Fall Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
Fire Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Rate
APPLING
55
42
10
8
14
11
ATKINSON
16
30
2
-
5
-
BACON
27
35
5
-
2
-
BAKER
6
-
2
-
0
-
BALDWIN
70
21
15
5
6
-
BANKS
37
37
3
-
2
-
BARROW
94
30
17
7
7
-
BARTOW
135
25
13
3
10
2
BEN HILL
33
25
9
-
4
-
BERRIEN
45
36
8
-
0
-
BIBB
208
17
86
7
29
2
BLECKLEY
32
36
5
-
6
-
BRANTLEY
34
32
6
-
5
-
BROOKS
55
44
11
7
1
-
BRYAN
49
31
3
-
1
-
BULLOCH
78
20
19
7
15
4
BURKE
92
54
5
-
10
6
BUTTS
43
30
8
-
2
-
CALHOUN
15
34
2
-
0
-
CAMDEN
42
13
5
-
8
-
CANDLER
22
31
5
-
2
-
CARROLL
178
27
32
6
7
-
CATOOSA
59
15
15
5
8
-
CHARLTON
23
30
2
-
1
-
CHATHAM
257
14
100
6
41
2
CHATTAHOOCHEE
14
28
4
-
0
-
CHATTOOGA
50
26
8
-
4
-
CHEROKEE
153
16
34
6
4
-
CLARKE
107
15
34
7
7
-
CLAY
6
-
2
-
0
-
CLAYTON
273
16
54
6
13
1
CLINCH
15
28
5
-
4
-
COBB
500
12
191
8
35
1
COFFEE
82
30
12
6
8
-
COLQUITT
98
31
13
4
18
6
COLUMBIA
99
15
20
6
6
-
COOK
33
28
5
-
2
-
COWETA
119
19
28
7
5
-
CRAWFORD
19
22
6
-
2
-
CRISP
41
25
12
7
8
-
DADE
72
31
27
5
-
1
-
County and Health District Data
Drowning Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Rate
Suicide Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Rate
Homicide Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Rate
Total Injury Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Average Annual
Rate
4
-
10
8
9
-
127
16
98
2
-
8
-
5
-
50
6
99
3
-
8
-
14
17
79
10
100
0
-
1
-
1
-
12
2
39
10
3
42
13
31
8
205
26
61
1
-
13
12
3
-
78
10
78
7
-
38
13
17
6
227
28
75
3
-
71
13
32
5
356
45
66
3
-
14
11
18
13
97
12
71
4
-
18
15
5
-
98
12
79
28
2
158
13
198
16
905
113
73
3
-
18
20
7
-
83
10
93
3
-
13
12
3
-
84
11
82
1
-
14
11
15
12
114
14
89
5
-
26
16
16
9
124
16
79
8
-
35
9
22
6
223
28
62
7
-
20
12
19
11
187
23
111
2
-
20
14
15
11
114
14
82
0
-
6
-
3
-
32
4
73
9
-
26
8
20
5
132
17
42
2
-
14
21
10
14
75
9
106
9
-
99
15
37
5
470
59
74
4
-
35
9
18
4
192
24
49
2
-
5
-
3
-
45
6
60
27
1
204
12
276
15
1112
139
62
2
-
12
14
5
-
49
6
85
3
-
23
12
12
7
134
17
70
15
1
96
9
27
2
441
55
49
8
-
77
11
78
10
370
46
53
0
-
5
-
5
-
20
3
74
24
1
174
11
169
9
888
111
57
2
-
7
-
8
-
55
7
108
40
1
438
11
194
4
1890
236
51
6
-
31
12
35
13
226
28
87
8
-
39
12
28
9
247
31
79
8
-
57
9
25
4
282
35
48
4
-
17
15
12
11
84
11
71
7
-
80
13
30
5
365
46
64
1
-
14
16
6
-
56
7
66
2
-
20
13
19
12
137
17
83
0
-
13
11
9
-
83
10
71
73
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Table 20. Injury deaths by county, Georgia, 1994-2001, Continued
Motor Vehicle Deaths 1994-2001
Fall Deaths 1994-2001
Fire Deaths 1994-2001
County
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
DAWSON DECATUR DEKALB DODGE DOOLY DOUGHERTY DOUGLAS EARLY ECHOLS EFFINGHAM ELBERT EMANUEL EVANS FANNIN FAYETTE FLOYD FORSYTH FRANKLIN FULTON GILMER GLASCOCK GLYNN GORDON GRADY GREENE GWINNETT HABERSHAM HALL HANCOCK HARALSON HARRIS HART HEARD HENRY HOUSTON IRWIN JACKSON JASPER JEFF DAVIS JEFFERSON JENKINS JOHNSON JONES
74
27
26
4
-
0
-
55
26
9
-
6
-
734
15
265
8
44
1
51
34
9
-
7
-
27
33
6
-
7
-
114
15
25
4
19
3
139
21
23
5
11
2
22
22
3
-
8
-
5
-
0
-
0
-
72
28
11
7
5
-
43
28
12
7
9
-
63
37
11
7
7
-
30
38
2
-
4
-
47
32
14
7
1
-
103
17
26
6
3
-
137
20
41
6
15
2
139
22
22
6
8
-
54
37
9
-
3
-
865
15
307
7
119
2
55
38
8
-
5
-
8
-
0
-
0
-
93
17
25
5
10
2
84
26
17
6
6
-
53
30
15
8
5
-
34
32
5
-
4
-
518
14
96
5
19
1
77
29
12
4
7
-
233
24
35
5
20
2
31
43
2
-
9
-
68
35
7
-
7
-
44
25
9
-
2
-
51
30
7
-
2
-
19
23
1
-
5
-
102
14
26
5
11
1
110
14
35
7
19
2
22
29
2
-
2
-
105
36
9
-
8
-
31
39
5
-
5
-
41
40
2
-
1
-
48
35
4
-
7
-
25
37
3
-
5
-
15
22
3
-
1
-
57
32
6
-
3
-
County and Health District Data
Drowning Deaths 1994-2001
Suicide Deaths 1994-2001
Homicide Deaths 1994-2001
Total Injury Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
Total
Average Annual
Rate
0
-
10
10
1
-
61
8
60
5
-
22
11
19
9
149
19
72
47
1
450
9
649
12
2717
340
59
2
-
15
10
8
-
117
15
79
1
-
14
17
3
-
76
10
91
14
2
72
10
89
11
431
54
58
5
-
80
13
32
4
360
45
57
2
-
9
-
12
14
72
9
72
2
-
2
-
3
-
14
2
71
6
-
35
14
9
-
164
21
69
2
-
25
16
16
11
137
17
88
3
-
31
19
18
11
176
22
107
0
-
10
13
5
-
58
7
73
4
-
33
21
8
-
132
17
86
8
-
62
9
18
3
275
34
47
7
-
90
13
38
5
460
58
66
6
-
77
12
12
2
325
41
56
4
-
27
17
16
12
143
18
95
83
1
632
11
1226
19
4113
514
70
4
-
27
18
10
7
138
17
92
1
-
2
-
1
-
16
2
70
17
3
73
13
30
6
345
43
65
5
-
48
15
15
5
235
29
75
6
-
29
17
24
14
165
21
93
1
-
11
11
7
-
79
10
74
46
1
390
10
155
4
1556
195
46
2
-
42
16
10
4
186
23
71
19
2
111
11
58
6
608
76
65
3
-
4
-
9
-
75
9
102
2
-
36
18
16
8
182
23
94
2
-
36
20
6
-
114
14
66
3
-
24
14
15
9
130
16
73
1
-
14
18
4
-
65
8
83
9
-
114
15
36
4
399
50
56
7
-
105
13
46
5
406
51
54
1
-
10
14
9
-
64
8
86
5
-
45
15
17
6
233
29
80
0
-
10
13
5
-
67
8
85
5
-
13
13
7
-
84
11
84
3
-
17
13
8
-
106
13
77
2
-
2
-
8
-
62
8
93
2
-
7
-
4
-
41
5
63
2
-
28
17
14
8
135
17
79
75
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Table 20. Injury deaths by county, Georgia, 1994-2001, Continued
Motor Vehicle Deaths 1994-2001
Fall Deaths 1994-2001
Fire Deaths 1994-2001
County
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
LAMAR LANIER LAURENS LEE LIBERTY LINCOLN LONG LOWNDES LUMPKIN MACON MADISON MARION MCDUFFIE MCINTOSH MERIWETHER MILLER MITCHELL MONROE MONTGOMERY MORGAN MURRAY MUSCOGEE NEWTON OCONEE OGLETHORPE PAULDING PEACH PICKENS PIERCE PIKE POLK PULASKI PUTNAM QUITMAN RABUN RANDOLPH RICHMOND ROCKDALE SCHLEY SCREVEN SEMINOLE SPALDING STEPHENS
76
30
25
6
-
1
-
10
19
0
-
0
-
100
29
17
5
14
4
31
19
5
-
0
-
92
19
11
6
13
3
16
24
6
-
3
-
12
20
0
-
1
-
96
14
28
6
6
-
30
20
7
-
1
-
34
33
4
-
4
-
63
33
6
-
2
-
16
32
3
-
1
-
53
32
5
-
6
-
30
38
3
-
3
-
65
36
13
7
9
-
19
38
2
-
0
-
56
33
8
-
5
-
43
28
14
10
2
-
17
26
4
-
0
-
33
28
9
-
3
-
67
26
7
-
3
-
208
15
71
6
28
2
93
21
27
8
8
-
28
16
5
-
1
-
28
31
5
-
2
-
139
26
21
7
2
-
42
23
11
8
1
-
42
28
10
7
2
-
29
24
6
-
3
-
25
25
3
-
2
-
77
27
13
5
5
-
20
28
8
-
3
-
48
35
10
8
3
-
7
-
1
-
3
-
32
29
9
-
1
-
21
31
6
-
3
-
255
17
38
3
30
2
87
17
24
6
4
-
5
-
3
-
3
-
34
30
4
-
6
-
27
35
3
-
5
-
89
20
21
5
7
-
54
26
12
5
5
-
County and Health District Data
Drowning Deaths 1994-2001
Suicide Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
Homicide Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Rate
Total Injury Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Average Annual
Rate
1
-
13
11
8
-
78
10
66
2
-
1
-
2
-
17
2
33
4
-
39
11
25
7
254
32
74
2
-
20
12
6
-
72
9
46
11
3
44
12
46
8
255
32
66
1
-
9
-
4
-
45
6
69
3
-
6
-
7
-
39
5
61
6
-
83
13
65
9
359
45
56
1
-
30
21
17
12
118
15
82
4
-
13
13
14
13
91
11
88
5
-
24
12
10
5
153
19
82
2
-
4
-
9
-
43
5
87
5
-
14
8
16
9
129
16
78
6
-
10
13
7
-
67
8
86
5
-
17
9
27
15
164
21
90
2
-
5
-
2
-
40
5
78
6
-
21
13
19
11
162
20
95
4
-
23
15
16
10
128
16
83
2
-
6
-
4
-
40
5
65
0
-
14
12
8
-
87
11
74
4
-
32
13
13
5
169
21
70
22
1
148
10
130
9
776
97
55
8
-
45
10
39
9
284
36
67
1
-
13
7
8
-
64
8
37
3
-
10
11
7
-
69
9
76
5
-
68
13
21
4
325
41
67
6
-
22
12
11
6
118
15
68
1
-
28
17
8
-
130
16
85
5
-
13
11
9
-
82
10
70
1
-
11
11
10
10
64
8
65
6
-
53
19
25
9
222
28
78
0
-
6
-
7
-
64
8
91
4
-
22
15
9
-
115
14
84
0
-
3
-
4
-
20
3
102
1
-
14
11
12
12
91
11
80
1
-
6
-
6
-
64
8
97
27
2
157
10
203
12
930
116
62
7
-
56
11
18
3
271
34
56
1
-
3
-
4
-
22
3
77
3
-
17
14
11
10
92
12
79
0
-
6
-
3
-
60
8
79
14
3
57
13
50
11
304
38
68
3
-
21
11
9
-
137
17
67
77
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Table 20. Injury deaths by county, Georgia, 1994-2001, Continued
Motor Vehicle Deaths 1994-2001
Fall Deaths 1994-2001
Fire Deaths 1994-2001
County
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
Total
Rate
STEWART SUMTER TALBOT TALIAFERRO TATTNALL TAYLOR TELFAIR TERRELL THOMAS TIFT TOOMBS TOWNS TREUTLEN TROUP TURNER TWIGGS UNION UPSON WALKER WALTON WARE WARREN WASHINGTON WAYNE WEBSTER WHEELER WHITE WHITFIELD WILCOX WILKES WILKINSON WORTH
13
30
3
-
1
-
63
25
30
11
4
-
36
67
3
-
4
-
10
60
4
-
0
-
52
33
7
-
8
-
30
44
8
-
2
-
30
33
6
-
3
-
17
19
3
-
3
-
81
25
17
5
16
5
67
22
12
5
14
4
59
30
9
-
8
-
16
20
4
-
0
-
20
40
3
-
3
-
111
24
24
5
18
4
22
30
2
-
2
-
29
36
4
-
1
-
27
19
8
-
4
-
49
22
16
6
4
-
78
16
37
8
13
3
107
26
17
5
2
-
71
25
20
6
6
-
16
35
1
-
6
-
50
31
7
-
1
-
43
21
9
-
8
-
4
-
2
-
0
-
16
38
3
-
1
-
28
20
6
-
1
-
122
19
34
7
11
2
12
20
5
-
1
-
35
42
6
-
3
-
35
41
1
-
5
-
54
32
10
7
10
6
Rate = Annual age-adjusted mortality rate Poisoning death rates 1994-2001 not shown because comparability ratio not available at time of analysis.
78
County and Health District Data
Drowning Deaths 1994-2001
Suicide Deaths 1994-2001
Total
0 5 1 0 3 0 2 0 5 6 3 0 3 5 3 1 1 6 3 6 9 1 4 4 0 2 1 10 1 2 0 2
Rate
1 -
Total
7 26 5 3 32 11 14 9 47 37 27 8 1 61 9 13 17 32 50 48 51 5 22 30 1 5 31 83 7 10 15 19
Rate
11 20 17 15 14 13 14 13 17 13 15 10 12 18 14 15 21 13 12 19 11
Homicide Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Rate
Total Injury Deaths 1994-2001
Total
Average Annual
Rate
6
-
39
5
89
18
7
212
27
82
13
24
71
9
132
1
-
21
3
125
13
8
134
17
85
8
-
68
9
103
5
-
83
10
88
10
12
52
7
59
31
9
254
32
76
30
10
200
25
69
42
21
172
22
86
2
-
43
5
52
3
-
36
5
72
33
7
306
38
66
10
14
54
7
75
8
-
65
8
84
0
-
80
10
57
10
5
142
18
64
23
5
296
37
60
29
7
257
32
64
24
9
220
28
76
3
-
36
5
75
11
7
128
16
80
7
-
118
15
61
0
-
9
1
-
1
-
40
5
94
5
-
95
12
67
26
4
399
50
65
5
-
37
5
60
7
-
84
11
98
6
-
76
10
93
16
9
134
17
80
79
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Table 21. Injury hospitalizations by county, Georgia, 1999-2001
County
Motor Vehicle 1999-2001
Fall 1999-2001
Poisoning 1999-2001
Fire 1999-2001
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
APPLING
74
143.5
92
189.6
12
23.5
ATKINSON
33
147.9
55
313.6
7
-
BACON
51
166.0
88
307.9
4
-
BAKER
6
-
10
82.5
1
-
BALDWIN
136
103.9
228
203.3
12
10.5
BANKS
65
159.0
90
267.6
9
-
BARROW
162
121.0
276
259.0
26
22
BARTOW
285
129.0
458
258.3
46
20.6
BEN HILL
69
130.2
152
280.9
11
20.8
BERRIEN
97
202.4
150
315.0
7
-
BIBB
512
110.6
1,074
233.7
93
20.1
BLECKLEY
34
98.4
82
234.1
6
-
BRANTLEY
45
108.1
80
225.7
6
-
BROOKS
47
95.4
117
210.8
9
-
BRYAN
103
154.0
112
250.4
10
15.2
BULLOCH
163
101.4
245
197.8
14
10.4
BURKE
103
158.2
111
184.1
4
-
BUTTS
77
132.9
140
274.2
8
-
CALHOUN
24
132.2
55
287.3
5
-
CAMDEN
29
28.2
79
138.4
10
12
CANDLER
51
184.1
70
208.5
21
67.2
CARROLL
383
146.8
861
403.8
51
20.8
CATOOSA
38
24.1
134
100.6
15
9.9
CHARLTON
8
-
49
204.7
3
-
CHATHAM
579
83.7
1,335
196.9
97
14.2
CHATTAHOOCHEE 13
61.4
7
-
1
-
CHATTOOGA
92
123.9
215
275.5
19
25.9
CHEROKEE
324
82.0
652
248.3
53
15
CLARKE
248
90.6
486
233.8
42
18.7
CLAY
2
-
12
81.2
0
-
CLAYTON
523
75.8
810
213.8
55
8
CLINCH
19
93.7
49
258.9
2
-
COBB
1,231
71.0
2,686
241.3
282
17.4
COFFEE
176
159.5
206
233.8
22
20.5
COLQUITT
169
135.5
310
251.8
23
18.5
COLUMBIA
169
65.1
271
146.6
27
12.4
COOK
93
201.7
142
303.6
16
33.6
COWETA
257
98.9
530
276.6
56
23.2
80
2
-
4
-
0
-
1
-
8
-
1
-
10
8.3
15
6.6
6
-
9
-
47
10.3
5
-
3
-
2
-
7
-
8
-
12
17.1
1
-
2
-
2
-
5
-
6
-
0
-
0
-
33
4.8
0
-
4
-
11
2.8
17
6.8
0
-
13
2.5
0
-
32
2.2
15
14.5
15
12.4
12
4.6
6
-
8
-
County and Health District Data
Near Drowning 1999-2001
Suicide Attempts 1999-2001
Assault 1999-2001
Total Injury Hospitalizations* 1999-2001
Total
Total
No. Rate No. Rate
Total No.
0
-
11
22.0
6
1
-
12
51.8
6
0
-
13
43.0
10
0
-
1
-
1
5
-
44
30.5
29
0
-
18
42.8
4
0
-
47
34.3
21
2
-
84
35.9
31
2
-
27
52.6
18
0
-
29
59.7
18
7
-
255 55.5
206
0
-
15
44.3
2
0
-
10
23.4
3
0
-
7
-
11
1
-
21
30.0
8
1
-
28
16.9
17
0
-
20
31.1
17
0
-
18
30.3
16
0
-
3
-
10
2
-
24
17.2
9
2
-
1
-
7
2
-
115
43.2
41
1
-
26
16.2
1
0
-
3
-
0
8
-
192
27.8
306
0
-
9
-
4
2
-
36
50.1
14
1
-
67
15.0
23
1
-
84
29.4
73
0
-
1
-
1
8
-
137
19.5
138
1
-
4
-
7
11
0.6
358 18.7
238
0
-
38
34.4
35
3
-
28
22.5
23
2
-
55
19.6
19
0
-
24
52.7
11
3
-
71
26.1
32
Rate
35.2 19.2 15.4 13.8 35.9 37.7 44.4 23.8 11.3 27.0 26.8 55.6 15.6 44.0 19.3 5.7 27.7 18.9 12.4 30.7 19.0 7.1 24.5 11.7
Total Average
Average
No. Annual Rate Annual
No.
LOS
Average Annual Total Charges
272 176 223 40 599 233 717 1,165 399 421 2,851 171 203 254 357 641 331 332 133 198 212 1,873 263 76 3,169 43 530 1,488 1,161 21 2,167 119 6,244 722 816 749 396 1,282
91 59 74 13 200 78 239 388 133 140 950 57 68 85 119 214 110 111 44 66 71 624 88 25 1,056 14 177 496 387 7 722 40 2,081 241 272 250 132 427
542.7 871.0 753.9 334.8 485.3 622.7 598.1 579.0 754.0 877.6 618.4 493.6 525.5 487.1 617.2 458.8 523.5 610.4 715.7 248.0 707.5 808.3 184.1 298.9 462.5 256.8 698.9 466.8 493.9 167.5 419.5 607.2 451.7 709.5 661.9 334.4 851.5 575.3
551 257 351 66 1,289 432 1,392 2,040 568 561 5,313 311 366 448 656 1,210 635 552 227 274 375 3,504 432 113 5,893 112 793 2,515 2,414
37 4,395
172 10,754
1,129 1,545 1,143
607 2,317
$1,866,203 $1,014,407 $1,165,009
$206,958 $3,200,452 $1,351,924 $4,956,128 $8,586,646 $1,532,959 $1,513,710 $17,202,756 $1,028,560 $1,525,369 $1,130,578 $2,844,769 $4,873,028 $2,549,202 $2,125,736
$581,523 $751,968 $1,166,496 $10,308,728 $1,186,799 $386,408 $23,021,136 $530,905 $3,012,074 $9,777,687 $7,916,268 $117,731 $15,924,477 $447,391 $34,779,470 $4,661,028 $5,458,490 $4,548,815 $1,650,958 $7,645,271
81 *Total number includes injuries from undetermined causes as well as those injuries that were not E-coded.
Profile of Injuries in Georgia Table 21. Injury hospitalizations by county, Georgia, 1999-2001, Continued
County
Motor Vehicle 1999-2001
Fall 1999-2001
Poisoning 1999-2001
Fire 1999-2001
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
CRAWFORD
27
74.8
46
166.2
1
-
CRISP
75
117.0
167
253.4
17
27.5
DADE
10
20.7
34
81.1
2
-
DAWSON
71
149.2
90
269.7
7
-
DECATUR
66
79.9
209
253.0
16
19.7
DEKALB
1,414
72.3
2,703
194.5
257
14.2
DODGE
81
141.6
159
272.8
12
21.1
DOOLY
42
125.3
71
210.2
8
-
DOUGHERTY
226
79.0
544
209.3
51
18.2
DOUGLAS
285
102.8
457
246.1
54
21.6
EARLY
11
32.7
20
47.1
0
-
ECHOLS
5
-
7
-
2
-
EFFINGHAM
140
126.1
136
178.2
15
13.1
ELBERT
70
116.6
202
289.4
20
33.5
EMANUEL
119
187.2
204
306.5
9
-
EVANS
47
154.1
68
211.0
2
-
FANNIN
53
93.7
139
188.0
11
17.7
FAYETTE
171
67.0
453
235.0
15
5.8
FLOYD
267
97.8
858
302.9
69
25.9
FORSYTH
175
64.6
228
118.4
17
6.6
FRANKLIN
104
172.6
205
301.3
29
48.3
FULTON
2,440
101.7
4,586
236.8
730
31.6
GILMER
62
93.1
164
243.5
11
15.1
GLASCOCK
16
207.1
40
372.1
3
-
GLYNN
169
85.1
498
228.5
37
18.2
GORDON
168
129.4
280
249.7
23
18.3
GRADY
73
106.4
151
206.9
9
-
GREENE
31
70.4
90
203.0
5
-
GWINNETT
1,050
63.8
1,667
186.6
162
10.4
HABERSHAM
116
109.7
248
230.4
21
20.1
HALL
485
121.5
766
238.3
47
13.4
HANCOCK
52
175.7
58
202.4
6
-
HARALSON
148
196.3
254
330.5
10
13.1
HARRIS
63
90.9
104
157.1
6
-
HART
51
76.3
181
225.7
7
-
HEARD
39
119.4
64
219.9
8
-
HENRY
324
97.7
465
207.8
26
8.6
HOUSTON
244
76.9
605
250.4
53
18
IRWIN
46
157.7
72
232.2
5
-
JACKSON
173
144.5
278
262.7
25
21.1
JASPER
50
151.5
80
257.5
3
-
82
1
-
4
-
0
-
1
-
9
-
47
2.4
4
-
2
-
29
10.1
6
-
5
-
0
-
8
-
13
21.6
4
-
6
-
3
-
4
-
20
7.5
3
-
4
-
114
5.1
4
-
1
-
12
5.9
5
-
5
-
3
-
28
1.9
4
-
10
2.6
2
-
5
-
5
-
1
-
2
-
5
-
23
7.2
1
-
6
-
0
-
County and Health District Data
Near Drowning 1999-2001
Suicide Attempts 1999-2001
Assault 1999-2001
Total Injury Hospitalizations* 1999-2001
Total
Total
No. Rate No. Rate
Total No. Rate
Total Average
Average
No. Annual Rate Annual
No.
LOS
Average Annual Total Charges
0
-
7
-
1
-
115
38
366.1
224
$703,926
0
-
44
71.7
28
44.1
417
139
649.5
709
$2,134,475
0
-
6
-
1
-
70
23
159.3
111
$275,801
0
-
8
-
3
-
266
89
679.1
480
$1,850,874
0
-
32
39.8
15
18.9
456
152
555.3
802
$1,676,387
18
1.0
455
21.7
559
26.2
7,166 2,389 428.7 14,157 $43,569,986
0
-
39
68.4
5
-
378
126 655.5
679 $2,090,303
0
-
15
45.0
8
-
211
70 628.9
353
$1,035,427
2
-
91
32.5
89
31.3
1,355
452
497.6 2,633
$8,689,079
0
-
69
23.3
43
14.6
1,166
389
509.9 2,104
$6,997,880
0
-
3
-
1
-
72
24
191.4
162
$865,784
0
-
1
-
1
-
24
8
275.1
45
$73,260
0
-
25
21.5
14
12.2
422
141 440.5
775
$3,372,487
0
-
19
33.2
17
30.1
446
149
691.7
829 $3,204,035
1
-
33
53.0
19
30.8
504
168 778.3
965
$4,138,293
0
-
4
-
10
32.3
186
62
593.5
402
$1,742,653
0
-
16
29.4
4
-
291
97 448.1
338
$1,230,941
1
-
32
12.1
12
5.1
870
290 400.9 1,496
$5,013,473
3
-
83
31.7
48
18.2
1,785
595 646.6 2,992 $10,096,351
2
-
35
13.9
10
3.3
823
274
370.7 1,342
$6,729,267
0
-
41
70.0
14
24.2
504
168
789.3
851
$2,331,446
22
0.9
658 26.0 1,835
70.9 13,796 4,599
621.3 27,735 $90,180,877
0
-
13
20.0
5
-
346
115
510.4
514
$1,776,951
0
-
1
-
0
-
74
25
803.5
107
$274,425
4
-
72
36.6
46
24.0
1,121
374
537.4 2,075
$6,788,732
0
-
76
57.7
17
13.1
734
245
602.4 1,203
$3,985,861
0
-
13
19.7
14
21.0
351
117
497.4
724
$1,749,841
0
-
6
-
7
-
196
65
447.0
396
$1,451,694
10
0.5
334
18.2
151
8.5
4,823 1,608 402.2 8,047 $30,122,979
0
-
36
34.5
9
-
568
189
533.2 1,019
$3,362,676
2
-
53
12.9
40
9.6
1,985
662 558.1 3,867 $13,322,676
1
-
10
34.0
6
-
170
57
584.6
677
$1,205,786
0
-
41
55.3
15
20.4
617
206
812.0 1,276
$2,951,615
0
-
10
15.2
7
-
264
88
387.4
475
$1,419,546
0
-
15
22.2
11
17.2
338
113 450.3
604
$1,564,783
0
-
14
42.8
3
-
177
59
570.5
317
$925,833
3
-
80
23.0
38
10.5
1,238
413 444.9 2,213
$8,357,263
5
-
139
41.5
51
15.1
1,468
489
528.1 2,526
$6,574,287
0
-
6
-
5
-
178
59
597.2
283
$763,722
0
-
42
33.7
17
13.5
706
235
616.7 1,271
$4,349,747
0
-
9
-
8
-
200
67
624.2
389
$1,265,043
83 *Total number includes injuries from undetermined causes as well as those injuries that were not E-coded.
Profile of Injuries in Georgia Table 21. Injury hospitalizations by county, Georgia, 1999-2001, Continued
County
Motor Vehicle 1999-2001
Fall 1999-2001
Poisoning 1999-2001
Fire 1999-2001
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
JEFF DAVIS
57
149.8
80
234.5
13
33.9
JEFFERSON
72
139.8
112
198.9
12
22
JENKINS
34
136.0
46
175.9
5
-
JOHNSON
35
134.2
66
218.7
2
-
JONES
66
98.0
57
99.7
7
-
LAMAR
52
109.7
78
170.1
5
-
LANIER
30
138.3
44
234.6
3
-
LAURENS
146
109.9
257
189.2
33
24.3
LEE
48
68.5
89
203.1
8
-
LIBERTY
105
62.9
112
157.8
12
7.9
LINCOLN
37
157.4
50
207.1
4
-
LONG
22
86.2
28
218.2
0
-
LOWNDES
240
88.7
565
274.4
47
19.4
LUMPKIN
54
88.2
103
201.4
5
-
MACON
42
104.0
70
168.7
1
-
MADISON
95
124.5
190
290.5
25
33.5
MARION
27
130.4
25
133.7
6
-
MCDUFFIE
105
167.0
161
269.9
13
21.1
MCINTOSH
34
109.2
48
155.4
4
-
MERIWETHER
77
114.0
124
176.3
8
-
MILLER
19
102.6
43
178.6
5
-
MITCHELL
64
93.2
138
209.2
5
-
MONROE
64
101.9
108
196.6
10
15.4
MONTGOMERY
36
142.0
48
232.0
3
-
MORGAN
53
116.0
109
234.6
2
-
MURRAY
84
78.7
169
223.4
28
24.6
MUSCOGEE
461
82.3
906
181.7
106
20.1
NEWTON
189
103.4
333
221.8
23
13
OCONEE
63
87.2
121
204.7
6
-
OGLETHORPE
29
80.2
50
144.7
5
-
PAULDING
202
88.4
289
209.9
26
12.4
PEACH
95
131.8
153
256.1
23
33.5
PICKENS
65
99.7
152
240.0
0
-
PIERCE
86
181.1
114
261.1
11
24.2
PIKE
49
124.6
65
178.6
4
-
POLK
147
129.5
354
307.2
22
19.6
PULASKI
36
130.2
89
296.3
11
37.2
PUTNAM
69
127.4
111
206.7
7
-
QUITMAN
<5
-
7
-
0
-
RABUN
46
105.6
66
122.9
9
-
RANDOLPH
30
127.0
55
193.0
0
-
84
7
-
9
-
2
-
3
-
1
-
3
-
2
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
3
-
1
-
14
5.4
3
-
1
-
7
-
1
-
5
-
6
-
5
-
3
-
12
17.7
5
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
14
2.6
3
-
2
-
3
-
7
-
6
-
2
-
6
-
6
-
7
-
2
-
5
-
1
-
2
-
4
-
County and Health District Data
Near Drowning 1999-2001
Suicide Attempts 1999-2001
Assault 1999-2001
Total Injury Hospitalizations* 1999-2001
Total
Total
Total
No. Rate No. Rate No.
Rate
Total No.
Average Annual
No.
Rate
Average Average Annual
LOS
Annual Total Charges
1
-
29
75.7
7
-
283
94
778.5
496
$1,969,563
0
-
16
32.9
15
29.5
306
102
574.4
449
$1,454,956
2
-
6
-
8
-
146
49
572.6
226
$758,760
0
-
5
-
2
-
137
46
498.3
237
$779,818
0
-
11
15.7
5
-
202
67
314.8
353
$1,403,616
0
-
7
-
7
-
212
71 454.9
424
$1,699,244
0
-
6
-
2
-
126
42
621.8
206
$463,269
1
-
53
40.8
28
21.7
658
219 490.8 1,350 $4,504,270
0
-
22
29.0
8
-
248
83
437.8
485
$1,871,452
0
-
28
16.4
28
14.7
397
132
352.2
755
$3,247,015
0
-
12
49.7
4
-
141
47
590.3
269
$869,412
0
-
1
-
4
-
79
26
431.9
171
$721,195
2
-
70
25.6
50
17.4
1,363
454
585.0 2,404
$5,729,908
2
-
24
36.4
9
-
264
88 466.2
425
$1,151,766
1
-
10
25.6
7
-
198
66
484.5
690
$2,146,925
0
-
38
49.2
11
14.4
463
154
649.5
267
$988,775
0
-
6
-
3
-
79
26
399.2
313
$1,004,756
0
-
35
55.8
27
43.3
447
149
725.3
905
$3,233,012
1
-
9
-
6
-
150
50 485.2
159
$439,610
0
-
15
23.0
9
-
319
106 464.8
639
$1,759,898
0
-
6
-
5
-
105
35 504.4
143
$382,402
1
-
12
17.7
16
23.6
365
122 542.7
784
$2,396,541
0
-
23
35.4
8
-
289
96 486.1
518
$1,719,744
0
-
4
-
8
-
135
45
585.5
225
$702,937
1
-
10
22.1
8
-
237
79
512.6
483
$1,622,668
1
-
73
64.7
10
9.1
454
151 488.7
684
$1,687,365
4
-
263
47.0
160
28.7
2,431
810
459.3 4,458 $12,775,365
3
-
77
41.1
33
17.9
824
275
494.3 1,402
$5,372,562
0
-
8
-
1
-
271
90
413.2
477
$1,620,773
0
-
11
30.7
4
-
125
42
350.5
228
$689,949
0
-
21
7.8
14
5.1
728
243
403.2 1,216
$4,093,685
0
-
38
50.8
13
16.8
421
140
633.5
653
$2,140,215
0
-
14
21.9
8
-
302
101 468.1
506
$2,069,111
1
-
14
29.6
11
24.1
298
99
651.3
539
$1,801,280
0
-
5
-
7
-
191
64
498.9
344
$1,452,579
0
-
38
35.2
20
18.1
795
265
698.8 1,388
$4,849,218
0
-
13
48.1
4
-
188
63
649.7
279
$795,428
0
-
14
25.4
5
-
253
84 465.7
603
$1,780,154
0
-
1
-
0
-
20
7 226.4
42
$142,481
1
-
10
23.9
3
-
203
68
429.6
288
$821,004
0
-
3
-
10
43.6
136
45
538.1
280
$932,674
*Total number includes injuries from undetermined causes as well as those injuries that were not E-coded.
85
Profile of Injuries in Georgia Table 21. Injury hospitalizations by county, Georgia, 1999-2001, Continued
County
Motor Vehicle 1999-2001
Fall 1999-2001
Poisoning 1999-2001
Fire 1999-2001
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
RICHMOND
560
94.2
867
171.7
89
15.7
ROCKDALE
173
84.7
361
234.7
22
11.3
SCHLEY
15
137.0
21
213.1
0
-
SCREVEN
48
110.6
105
211.1
12
26.7
SEMINOLE
51
183.5
80
260.5
6
-
SPALDING
180
104.0
404
249.4
18
10.5
STEPHENS
95
120.9
247
283.4
18
25
STEWART
19
124.9
30
133.1
1
-
SUMTER
86
89.8
220
210.3
29
31
TALBOT
36
183.2
36
171.1
1
-
TALIAFERRO
9
-
7
-
0
-
TATTNALL
88
134.8
133
225.9
12
19.3
TAYLOR
50
192.9
56
209.7
5
-
TELFAIR
51
142.2
116
283.7
8
-
TERRELL
28
86.2
65
185.5
11
34
THOMAS
138
109.3
336
245.3
12
9.5
TIFT
145
128.1
285
269.6
31
26.6
TOOMBS
104
136.1
176
229.1
10
12.9
TOWNS
27
94.7
85
187.2
5
-
TREUTLEN
21
106.3
46
225.3
5
-
TROUP
202
115.3
532
302.7
49
27.5
TURNER
50
179.1
89
310.7
12
41.8
TWIGGS
26
84.1
41
146.2
3
-
UNION
60
128.9
142
194.7
8
-
UPSON
78
95.3
209
221.4
13
14.7
WALKER
100
55.0
376
198.1
35
18.4
WALTON
146
85.3
287
198.1
20
12.2
WARE
114
108.0
265
215.1
37
34.4
WARREN
36
199.9
46
199.1
5
-
WASHINGTON
60
96.8
139
210.9
5
-
WAYNE
72
92.6
171
246.5
14
17.6
WEBSTER
5
-
10
136.3
0
-
WHEELER
20
115.3
42
234.8
9
-
WHITE
87
155.0
128
202.0
8
-
WHITFIELD
191
77.8
549
267.6
29
11.9
WILCOX
40
163.0
72
271.8
6
-
WILKES
43
135.1
97
252.1
10
28.1
WILKINSON
52
169.2
63
211.4
6
-
WORTH
75
113.6
121
200.1
5
-
Rate = Annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate 86
40
7.0
3
-
0
-
7
-
3
-
9
-
13
16.6
1
-
7
-
2
-
1
-
6
-
1
-
9
-
2
-
13
10.0
7
-
4
-
0
-
1
-
7
-
3
-
5
-
3
-
7
-
1
-
13
7.8
19
17.4
3
-
10
16.7
7
-
0
-
0
-
3
-
6
-
4
-
6
-
9
-
10
15.2
County and Health District Data
Near Drowning 1999-2001
Suicide Attempts 1999-2001
Assault 1999-2001
Total Injury Hospitalizations* 1999-2001
Total
Total
Total
No. Rate No. Rate No.
Rate
Total No.
Average Annual
No.
Rate
Average Average Annual
LOS
Annual Total Charges
6
-
<5
-
0
-
<5
-
0
-
<5
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
<5
-
0
-
<5
-
<5
-
<5
-
<5
-
<5
-
0
-
0
-
<5
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
<5
-
<5
-
0
-
<5
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
<5
-
<5
-
241
40.0
222
60
28.6
24
3
-
0
6
-
10
2
-
5
37
21.5
42
35
47.2
17
2
-
13
31
30.9
18
3
-
7
0
-
3
18
26.0
21
8
-
10
17
48.9
9
4
-
5
24
19.4
24
22
18.7
35
30
39.1
42
3
-
1
5
-
5
105
60.8
41
5
-
5
4
-
8
21
40.4
2
21
26.6
10
52
28.9
17
36
19.5
22
37
36.4
45
3
-
11
15
24.5
14
7
-
6
1
-
1
5
-
3
19
33.1
6
82
32.4
39
5
-
5
9
-
8
9
-
10
17
27.0
11
37.2
2,611
870
470.9 4,786 $18,107,204
11.1
804
268
455.6 1,316
$4,630,027
-
57
19 546.2
95
$302,079
24.3
282
94
613.4
499
$2,083,475
-
248
83
863.3
272
$479,231
24.1
895
298
535.2 1,491
$6,605,221
24.0
545
182
669.8
959
$3,015,685
93.2
89
30 525.4
160
$477,304
19.1
539
180
540.8 1,118
$3,641,042
-
118
39 586.3
249
$782,636
-
28
9
431.9
60
$222,830
30.3
392
131
629.1
793
$3,089,581
39.5
163
54
623.4
343
$1,105,796
-
273
91 728.0
474
$1,937,204
-
178
59
527.0
378
$1,443,777
19.4
746
249
565.5 1,411
$3,325,659
30.9
744
248
673.1 1,231
$3,905,281
55.1
453
151 590.7
816
$3,239,164
-
146
49
399.5
283
$883,092
-
94
31
471.3
170
$633,658
23.5
1,229
410
700.9 2,293
$4,983,768
-
216
72
760.9
366
$1,015,696
-
121
40 406.6
230
$862,471
-
307
102
512.9
426
$1,192,128
12.4
438
146
495.2
706
$1,802,971
9.6
722
241 386.5 1,135
$3,147,499
12.0
661
220
416.8 1,202
$3,979,425
44.3
677
226 605.1 1,173
$4,041,168
61.3
136
45 686.0
262
$822,010
22.3
313
104
491.8
507
$2,352,039
-
346
115
473.9
657
$1,884,065
-
28
9 390.6
49
$109,613
-
102
34
578.2
141
$365,609
-
341
114 568.3
599 $2,086,455
15.6
1,126
375
504.9 2,080
$4,873,638
-
165
55 646.7
365
$1,167,288
-
235
78
676.7
463
$1,416,630
33.2
193
64
636.5
389
$1,596,118
16.7
307
102 484.2
593
$1,807,607
*Total number includes injuries from undetermined causes as well as those injuries that were not E-coded. 87
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Table 22. Injury deaths by health district, Georgia, 1994-2001
Motor Vehicle Deaths 1994-2001
Fall Deaths 1994-2001
Health District
Total Number
Rate
Total Number
Rate
Northwest (Rome)
857
22.6
178
5.4
North Georgia (Dalton)
488
21.1
106
6.2
North (Gainesville)
803
25.1
137
4.8
Cobb/Douglass
639
13.2
213
7.6
Fulton
865
14.9
307
6.6
Clayton
273
16.2
54
6.2
East Metro (Lawrenceville)
698
14.8
147
5.8
DeKalb
734
15.0
265
8.1
LaGrange
933
21.1
203
5.6
South Central (Dublin)
313
30.4
62
5.9
North Central (Macon)
772
21.4
201
6.4
East Central (Augusta)
755
23.1
107
3.9
West Central (Columbus)
569
20.9
166
6.7
South (Valdosta)
387
22.6
76
5.1
Southwest (Albany)
647
24.0
117
4.6
East (Savannah)
329
15.9
111
6.0
Southeast (Waycross)
675
27.8
120
5.6
Coastal (Brunswick)
318
19.3
48
4.2
Northeast (Athens)
643
24.3
117
5.4
Fire Deaths 1994-2001
Total Number
70 26 53 46 119 13 30 44 73 38 85 88 70 30 93 46 93 35 44
Rate
2.0 1.1 1.7 1.1 2.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.7 3.7 2.5 2.9 2.6 1.8 3.5 2.3 4.0 2.5 1.8
Rate = Annual age-adjusted mortality rate
Poisoning death rates 1994-2001 not shown because comparability ratio not available at time of analysis.
88
County and Health District Data
Drown Deaths 1994-2001
Total Number
38 38 42 45 83 24 61 47 68 21 70 63 43 32 52 33 61 51 38
Rate
1.0 1.6 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.6 2.5 3.0 1.3
Suicide Deaths 1994-2001
Total Number
486 298 424 518 632 174 491 450 579 118 477 343 313 204 304 239 306 185 304
Rate
12.8 12.6 13.1 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.5 9.4 13.0 11.4 13.3 10.6 11.7 12.3 11.6 11.8 13.0 11.9 11.7
Homicide Deaths 1994-2001
Total Injury Deaths 1994-2001
Total Number
Rate
Average Total Annual Number Number
Rate
209
5.4
2485
311
66.9
92
3.7
1409
176
63.0
160
4.9
2095
262
66.2
226
4.1
2250
281
51.5
1226
18.9
4113
514
70.2
169
9.5
888
111
57.4
212
4.1
2111
264
49.4
649
11.9
2717
340
58.9
278
6.1
2746
343
63.6
69
6.9
795
99
77.2
370
9.9
2479
310
69.8
324
9.6
2166
271
67.8
250
8.9
1811
226
67.6
169
9.9
1101
138
65.9
263
9.8
1882
235
70.7
285
13.4
1276
160
62.5
216
9.0
1832
229
77.7
126
7.1
962
120
62.1
197
7.2
1676
210
65.0
89
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Table 23. Injury hospitalizations by health district, Georgia, 1999-2001
Motor Vehicle 1999-2001
Health District
Total No.
Rate
Fall 1999-2001
Total No.
Rate
Poisoning 1999-2001
Fire 1999-2001
Total No.
Rate
Total No.
Rate
Northwest (Rome)
1,457
96.6
3,252
239.8
267
North Georgia (Dalton)
779
82.7
1,825
242.7
132
North (Gainesville)
1,436
108.2
2,579
212.0
190
Cobb/Douglass
1,516
75.1
3,143
241.8
336
Fulton
2,440
101.7
4,586
236.8
730
Clayton County (Morrow) 523
75.8
810
213.8
55
East Metro (Lawrenceville) 1,412
69.2
2,361
196.7
207
Dekalb
1,414
72.3
2,703
194.5
257
LaGrange
1,889
104.9
3,925
260.6
261
South Central (Dublin)
500
124.5
977
234.2
95
North Central (Macon)
1,453
103.0
2,763
220.2
229
East Central (Augusta)
1,351
106.9
2,117
188.7
193
West Central (Columbus) 968
92.0
1,797
184.2
181
South (Valdosta)
822
122.5
1,623
268.3
143
Southwest (Albany)
998
95.8
2,171
214.3
157
East (Savannah)
719
89.3
1,471
194.5
112
Southeast (Waycross)
1,188
124.7
1,941
225.5
190
Coastal (Brunswick)
462
72.5
877
193.6
73
Northeast (Athens)
1,070
98.4
2,089
234.8
176
17.8
64
4.2
14.1
29
3.1
14.5
48
3.7
18.0
38
2.2
31.6
114
5.1
8.0
13
2.5
10.7
34
1.8
14.2
47
2.4
15.0
63
3.4
23.6
37
9.3
16.7
122
8.7
15.9
105
8.5
17.9
43
4.1
21.8
50
7.6
15.2
118
11.4
14.2
41
5.2
21.1
92
10.0
12.2
37
6.1
17.6
76
7.4
Rate = Annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate
90
County and Health District Data
Near Drowning 1999-2001
Suicide Attempt 1999-2001
Assault 1999-2001
Total
Total
No. Rate No. Rate
Total No.
Rate
Total Injury Hospitalizations* 1999-2001
Total Average
Average
No. Annual Rate Annual
No.
LOS
Average Annual Total Charges
8
-
463 30.3
178
11.6
7,409 2,470 517.0 12,587 $42,185,549
2
-
265 26.6
89
9.2
4,007 1,336 476.0 6,636 $21,415,693
7
-
318 23.9
129
9.6
6,523 2,174 513.0 11,575 $39,663,775
11
0.5
427 19.3
281
12.7
7,410 2,470 459.1 12,858 $41,777,350
22
0.9
658 26.0
1,835
70.9 13,796 4,599 621.3 27,735 $90,180,877
8
-
137 19.5
138
18.9
2,167
722
419.5 4,395 $15,924,477
14
0.6
471 21.1
208
9.5
6,451 2,150 414.4 10,764 $40,125,568
18
1.0
455 21.7
559
26.2
7,166 2,389 428.7 14,157 $43,569,986
12
0.6
520 28.2
258
14.1
9,056 3,019 550.7 16,295 $52,679,984
3
-
161 40.8
71
18.1
2,301
767
564.7 4,232 $14,005,076
20
1.4
578 40.5
364
25.5
7,195 2,398 537.8 13,670 $42,006,606
12
0.9
437 34.3
363
28.5
5,990 1,997 498.6 10,556 $39,392,937
5
-
410 38.8
277
26.4
4,814 1,605 474.8 8,951 $26,951,439
5
-
197 29.0
156
23.3
4,121 1,374 645.6 6,718 $17,779,342
9
-
258 25.1
227
22.1
5,420 1,807 528.6 10,225 $30,934,730
8
-
217 26.9
320
39.5
3,591 1,197 459.2 6,668 $26,393,623
10
1.0
259 27.4
233
24.5
5,279 1,760 582.4 9,400 $34,872,812
8
-
155 23.8
101
14.6
2,302
767
425.0 4,199 $15,342,455
6
-
301 27.6
181
16.3
4,983 1,661 509.0 9,598 $33,023,700
*Total number includes injuries from undetermined causes as well as those injuries that were not E-coded. 91
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
APPENDIX I DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Definitions
Age-adjusted rate. A rate calculated in a manner that allows for the comparison of populations with different age structures. In this document, all age adjustments are performed using the direct method. The U.S. projected Year 2000 standard population was used as the standard. All rates are given per 100,000 population.
Years of Potential Life Lost. A measure of premature death based on an expected life span of 75 years.
Comparability ratio. A ratio used to measure the differences caused by coding changes in cause-ofdeath data under ICD-9 and ICD-10
Abbreviations
AAHR AAMR CDC Chronic lung Chronic kidney DUI ED GA ICD-9 ICD-9-CM ICD-10 LBW IPS MV NCHS Other race OPD RDS SIDS STIPDA SPAN US YPLL 92
Age-adjusted hospitalization rate Age-adjusted mortality rate Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic lower respiratory diseases Nephritis, nephritic syndrome, nephrosis Driving under the influence Emergency department Georgia International classification of diseases, 9th revision International classification of diseases, clinic modification, 9th revision International classification of diseases, 10th revision Low birth weight Injury Prevention Section Motor Vehicles National Center for Health Statistics Race other than black or white Outpatient department Respiratory distress syndrome Sudden infant death syndrome State and Territorial Injury Prevention Directors Association Suicide Prevention Action Network United States Years of potential life lost
Appendix
APPENDIX II METHODS
Population data
The source of the Georgia and US population estimates was the US Bureau of the Census website with the exception of 2001 Georgia population, which was not available from the Census Bureau at the time of analysis. The Georgia 2001 population was represented by the 2000 Georgia census population.
Death data
The source of the number of deaths among Georgia residents was vital statistics data provided by the Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Office of Health Information and Policy. The source of the number of US deaths and death rates for 1999 through 2001 for each of the injury categories was the website of the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC.
ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes for the injury categories are:
Mechanism All Injury
Unintentional Drowning Falls Fire, flame Motor Vehicle
ICD-9-CM (Hospital) E800-E869, E880-E929, E950-E978, E980-989 E800-E869, E880-E929 E910, 994.1 E880-E888 E890-E899 E810-E825
Motor Vehicle
E810-E825
Poisoning Other
E850-E869, E924.1 E800-E807, E826-E848, E900-E909, E911-E929
Suicide Homicide Legal Intervention Undetermined Intent
E950-E959 E960-E969 E970-E978 E980-E989
ICD-10 (Death) V01-Y35, Y85-Y87.2, Y89.0, Y89.9
V01-X59, Y85-Y86 W65-W74 W00-W19 X00-X09 V02-V049, V090, V092, V12-V149, V190-V192, V194-V196, V20-V799, V803-V805, V810-V811, V820-V821, V83-V869, V870-V878, V880-V888, V890, V892 V02-V049, V090, V092, V12-V149, V190-V192, V194-V196, V20-V799, V803-V805, V810-V811, V820-V821, V83-V869, V870-V878, V880-V888, V890, V892 X40-X49 V01, V05-V06, V09.1, VV09.3-V09.9, V10-V11, V15-V18, V19.3, V19.8-V19.9, V80.0-V80.2, V80.6-V80.9, V81.2-V81.9, V82.2-V82.9, V87.9, V88.9, V89.1, V89.3, V89.9, V90-V99, W20-W64, W75-W99, X10-X39, X50-X59, Y85-Y86 X60-X84, Y87.0 X85-Y09, Y87.1 Y35, Y89.0 Y10-Y34, Y87.2, Y89.9
93
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
ICD-10 codes for death injury subcategories are:
Mechanism Drowning Falls
Fire
Motor Vehicle Poisoning Homicide Suicide
94
Subcategory Open Water Bathtub Swimming Pool Other Unspecified Same level (stumbling/colliding) One level to another or into another Ladder/Scaffolding From Building Stairs/Steps Furniture Unspecified Building/Structure Not in building/structure Exposure to ignition/melting of clothing Exposure to ignition of highly inflammable material Other Unspecified Motorcycle Pedal Cyclist Pedestrian Occupant
Unspecified Other Drugs Cocaine/Harcotics/ Hallucinogens Alcohol Gases/Vapors Sedatives/Tranquillizers Pesticides/Other Chemicals Firearm Hanging/Suffication Cutting Struck by/against Fire Other Unspecified Poisoning Hanging/Suffocation Firearm Cutting Jumping Other
ICD-10 Code W69-W70 W65-W66 W67-W68 W73 W74 W00-W03, W18
W04-W05, W09, W14-W17 W11-W12 W13 W10 W06-W08 W19 X00, X02 X01, X03
X05-X06
X04 X08 X09 V20-V29 V12-V14, V19.0-V19.2, V19.4-V19.6 V02-V04, V09.0, V09.2 V30-V79, V83-V86 V80.3-V80.5, V81.0-V81.1, V82.0-V82.1, V87.0-V87.8, V88.0-V88.8 V89.0, V89.2 X40, X43, X44
X42 X45 X47 X41 X46, X48-X49 X93-X95 X91 X99 Y00, Y04 X97 X85-X90, X92, X96, X98, Y01-Y03, Y05-Y08 Y09, Y87.1 X60-X69 X70 X72-X74 X70 X80 X71, X75-X77, X79, X81-X83
Appendix
All injury death rates were age-adjusted using the direct method; the US projected 2000 population was used as the standard (US Bureau of the Census, release date February 6, 1998).
Years of potential life lost (YPLL) were calculated for 2001 by subtracting the age at death from 75 for Georgians ages less than 75 years and then summing these values. To convert this value to YPLL per 100,000 population, the YPLL was divided by the 2000 Georgia population and then multiplied by 100,000 (2001 population estimates were not yet available).
Excess deaths were estimated by multiplying the excess death rate by the estimated average population of Georgia from 1999 through 2001. The excess death rate was calculated by subtracting the national rate for the year 2000 from the Georgia rate for the years 1999 through 2001.
N17-N19, N25-N27; 8) Stroke: I60-I69; 9) Meningitis: G00, D03; 10) Septicemia: A40-A41.
Death data were analyzed by age, sex, and race. The major race categories for deaths were white and black (including Hispanics).
County death rates were calculated by combining 1994-2001 Georgia death data to achieve stable estimation. The comparability ratio for each injury mechanism was applied to the death numbers from 1994 through 1998 to adjust for the ICD coding system change from ICD-9 to ICD-10. The comparability ratio for those mechanisms are 1) Drowning: 0.9965; 2) Falls: 0.8409; 3) Fire: 0.9743; 4) MV accidents: 0.9975; 5) Homicide: 0.9983; 6) Suicide: 0.9962; 7) All Injuries: 1.0000. The
poisoning death rate by county was not calculated because the comparability ratio for poisoning was not available.
The leading causes of death were calculated based Statistical testing was performed with a z-test to
on the NCHS list of ICD-10 codes for 113 causes compare rates. The significance level was 0.05. The
of death and 130 causes of infant deaths. The ICD- source of the formula for the test and the standard
10 codes for the following top causes of death for error for an age-adjusted rate was the National
all age groups are 1) Heart diseases: I00-I09, I11, Center for Health Statistics, CDC (Monthly Vital
I13, I20-I51; 2) Cancer: C00-C97; 3) Stroke: I60- Statistics Report, volume 45, number 11 (S) 2, June
I69; 4) Unintentional injury: V01-X59, Y85-Y86; 12, 1997, page 77).
5) Chronic lower respiratory diseases: J40-J47; 6)
Diabetes mellitus: E10-E14; 7) Pneumonia and influenza: J10-J18; 8) Chronic kidney diseases: N00N07, N17-N19, N25-N27; 9) Septicemia: A40-A41; 10) Suicide: X60-X84, Y87.0; 11) Homicide: X85Y09, Y87.1; 12) Alzheimer's: G30; 13) Chronic liver diseases: K70, K73-K74; 14) HIV: B20-B24; 15) Congenital abnormalities: Q00-Q99; 16) Perinatal conditions: P00-P96; 17) Pregnancy, childbirth: O00O99; 18) Anemia: D50-D64; 19) Benign neoplasm: D00-D48. The ICD-10 codes for the top 10 causes of death for infants are 1) Perinatal conditions: P00-P96; 2) Congenital abnormalities: Q00-Q99; 3) Heart diseases: I00-I99; 4) Unintentional injury: V01-X59; 5) Homicide: X85-Y09; 6) Pneumonia and influenza: J10-J18; 7) Chronic kidney diseases:
Hospital Discharge Data
The source of the hospitalization statistics was the 1999-2001 Georgia Hospital Discharge Data System. The case definition for injury hospitalization, based on the State & Territorial Injury Prevention Directors Association (STIPDA) recommendations, is a hospital admission for a Georgia resident to a non-federal, acute-care, inpatient facility with principal diagnosis of injury, including late effects, but excluding adverse effects of therapeutic use of drugs and adverse effects of medical/surgical care and the late effects of those adverse effects. Readmissions, transfers, and deaths in the hospital are included. Records with the following ICD-9-CM
95
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
codes in the principal diagnosis field were selected: 800-909.2, 909.4, 909.9-994.9, 995.5-995.59, 995.80-995. Once the injury hospitalizations were selected, we searched for valid external cause codes (E-codes) in the following manner: if more than one external cause code was listed for a given record, we used only the first valid E code. If the first Ecode was invalid, or if it was E849, E967, E869.4, E870-879, or E930-949, we used the next valid Ecode listed. If there were no other E codes listed, we reported E967, E869.4, E870-879, or E930-949 but not E849. Approximately 2,600 hospitalization records per year (7% of total injury hospitalizations) did not include the external cause of injury, leading
to an underestimate of injury hospitalization by cause (Table 4). The ICD-9-CM codes used in hospital discharge data for mechanism were those listed as comparable category ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes by the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC (National Vital Statistics Report, volume 49, number 2 (S) 2, May 18, 2001, page 14). (See above tables for ICD-9-CM Mechanism codes). However, the subcategories for hospital data may be different from death data subcategories. The following table lists the subcategories of each mechanism and the corresponding e-codes.
96
Appendix
Mechanism Near -Drowning Falls
Fire
Motor Vehicle Poisoning
Subcategory Open Water Bathtub Swimming Pool Other Unspecified Same level (stumbling/colliding) One level to another or into another Ladder/Scaffolding From Building Stairs/Steps Furniture Unspecified Building/Structure Other and Unspecified building Not in building/structure Exposure to Ignition/melting of clothing Exposure to Ignition of highly inflammable material Other Unspecified Motorcycle Pedal Cyclist Pedestrian Occupant Other Unspecified Cocaine and other local anesthetics Opiates and other narcotics Sedatives/Tranquilizers Other Drugs/Medicine Alcohol Gases/Vapors Pesticides/Other Chemicals
ICD-9-CM Code E910.0-E910.3 E910.4 E910.8 994.1 E910.9 E884.6, E885, E886
E883, E884.0-E884.1, E884.3, E884.9 E881 E882 E880 E884.2, E884.4-E884.5 E888, E887 E890, E895 E891, E896 E892, E897
E893
E894 E898 E899 E810-E825 (.2, .3) E810-E825 (.6 ) E810-E825 (.7 ) E810-E825 (.0, .1) E810-E825 (.9 ) E825 (.4, .5, .8)
E855.2 E850 E851-E855.1 E855.3-E858 E860 E867-869 E860-E866, E924.1
97
Profile of Injuries in Georgia
Assault
Suicide Attempts
Firearm Struck by/Against Cutting Other Assault
Unarmed fight/brawl Rape Child/Adult Battering Unspecified Poisoning Hanging/Suffocation Firearm Cutting Jumping Other Unspecified
E965.0-E965.4 E968.2 E966 E961-E964, E965.5-E965.9, E968.0-E968.1, E968.3-E968.8, E969 E960.0 E960.1 E967 E968.9 E950-E952 E953 E955 E956 E957 E954, E958.0-E958.8, E959 E958.9
Hospital charges include all charges for hospital services, but exclude physician charges, outpatient expenditures, lost wages, and lost family resources.
All injury hospitalization rates except age-specific rates were age-adjusted using the direct method; the US projected 2000 population was used as the standard (the source was the US Bureau of the
Census, release date: February 6, 1998).
Data were analyzed by age, sex, and race/ ethnicity. The major race/ethnicity categories for hospitalizations were non-Hispanic white, nonHispanic black, and Hispanic. This is different from the death data categorization due to differences in coding practices.
98
References
REFERENCES
1. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2000 Outpatient Department Summary. Number 327, June 4, 2002.
2. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2000 Emergency Department Summary. Number 326, April 22, 2002.
3. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2000 Summary. Number 328, June 5, 2002.
4. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics: 2000 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Number 329, June 19, 2002.
5. Consensus recommendations for using hospital discharge data for injury surveillance. State and Territorial injury prevention directors association, 2003
6. 1999 Georgia Injury Profile. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, December 1999.
7. Suicide in Georgia: 2000 State and County Statistics Strategic Plans. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, June 2000.
8. National Vital Statistics Reports: Deaths: Final Data for 1998. Volume 48, Number 11. 9. National Vital Statistics Reports: Deaths: Final Data for 1999. Volume 49, Number 8. 10. National Vital Statistics Reports: Deaths: Final Data for 2000. Volume 50, Number 15.
99