2006 Georgia program and data summary: cancer

2006 Georgia Program and Data Summary:
CANCER

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Georgia.

Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (CCCP)

Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry (GCCR)

The Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (CCCP) is part of a national effort launched by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) aimed at reducing cancer related morbidity and mortality. The CCCP supports a collaborative process through which a community and its partners pool resources to promote cancer prevention, improve cancer detection, increase access to health and social services, and reduce the burden of cancer. These efforts will contribute to reducing cancer risk, detecting cancers earlier, improving treatments, and enhancing survivorship and quality of life for cancer patients.

The Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry (GCCR) is a statewide population-based cancer registry collecting all cancer cases diagnosed among Georgia residents since January 1, 1995. This information furthers our understanding of cancer and is used to develop strategies and policies for prevention, control, and treatment. The availability of this data at the state level allows health researchers to analyze geographic, racial, and other differences that provide clues that point to risk factors. This data also helps in determining where early detection, educational, or other programs should be directed.

Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Program (BCCP)
The Georgia Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Program was established in 1992 with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the State of Georgia. It was an expansion of the Cervical Cancer Screening Program, which was established in 1965. The Georgia Breast and Cervical Screening Program has further expanded to include Colorectal Cancer Screening and is now known as the Cancer Screening Program. When Georgia became a participant in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program in 1994, the BreasTEST & More Program was initiated.
The BrestTest & More, program provides mammograms and Pap tests at no cost to low-income women 50 and older who are uninsured or underinsured. First introduced in 1993, the BreastTEST & More Program has provided more than 10,000 mammograms to women in Georgia, resulting in the diagnosis and treatment of over 75 breast cancers. The expanded program, which includes Pap tests in addtion to mammograms, is expected to serve more than 15,000 women in the coming year.
Cancer State Aid (CSA)

GCCR is a participant in the National Program for Cancer Registries (NPCR) that was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1992 through the Federal Cancer Registry Amendment Act (Public Law 102515).
The goals of the GCCR are:
To collect information on all newly diagnosed cancer cases.
To calculate cancer incidence rates for the state of Georgia.
To make data available to the public and health care professionals.
To identify and evaluate cancer morbidity and mortality trends and problems on an ongoing basis.
To provide cancer incidence and mortality data to cancer control programs to assist them in developing strategies and evaluating their effectiveness.
To stimulate cancer control research.
Women's Health Medicaid Program (WHMP)

The Cancer State Aid Program funds cancer treatment services for eligible low-income uninsured cancer patients in Georgia. Established in 1937 by the Georgia legislature at the request of Georgia physicians, the program is available through participating treatment facilities statewide. Participating facilities agree to treat approved patients at cost. Physicians that agree to participate donate their services.

The Women's Health Medicaid Program (WHMP) is a partnership of the Georgia Department of Human Resources and the Georgia Department of Community Health to provide treatment for breast and cervical cancer and cervical pre-cancer to eligible women. WHMP was established in July 2001 by the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act of 2000 with matching funds appropriated through the Georgia Cancer Coalition.

Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 657-3103 gdphinfo@dhr.state.ga.us http://health.state.ga.us

ALL TYPES OF CANCER

CANCER INCIDENCE
From 1999-2003, an annual average of 33,060 cancer cases were diagnosed in Georgia.
Breast, lung and bronchus, and colon and rectum cancers account for 56% of all new cancer cases among females in Georgia.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among females in Georgia.
Prostate, lung and bronchus, and colon and rectum cancers account for 58% of all new cancer cases among males in Georgia.
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer among males in Georgia.
Leading Causes of Death in Georgia, 2000-2004

WHO IS AT RISK FOR DEVELOPING CANCER?
Everyone. Since the occurrence of cancer increases as individuals age, most cancers affect adults who are middle-aged or older.
2006 ESTIMATES
In 2006, at least 39,520 new cancer cases will be diagnosed among Georgians: about 108 cases per day. More than 17,020 Georgians will die of cancer in 2006.
Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates, All Sites, by County, Georgia, 1999-2003
Rate significantly higher than the state average No significant difference from the state average
Rate significantly lower than the state average

Pneumonia and Influenza 2%
Chronic Respiratory Disease 5%
Unintentional Injury 5% Stroke 7%

Diabetes 2%

Heart Disease 27%

Cancer 21%

Lung and Bronchus 30%
Colon and Rectum 9%
Breast 8%
Prostate 6%
Other Cancers 47%

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates, All Sites, by Race and Sex, Georgia and the United States, 1999-2003

Other

700 667640

Georgia United States

31%

600

551555

Rate per 100,000

500 400

370384

403421

300

200

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Georgia.

100
0 Mblack

Mwhite

Fblack

Fwhite

Nearly two-thirds of cancer deaths can be linked to modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use, diet, obesity, and lack of physical activity.
The burden of cancer can be significantly reduced by appropriate use of mammography, colorectal screening, and other early detection examinations and by preventing or stopping tobacco use, improving diet, and increasing physical activity.

Males are 45% more likely to be diagnosed with cancer than females.
Black males in Georgia are 21% more likely to be diagnosed with cancer than white males.
White females are 9% more likely to be diagnosed with cancer than black females.

Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 657-3103 gdphinfo@dhr.state.ga.us http://health.state.ga.us

LEADING CAUSES OF CANCER INCIDENCE IN GEORGIA

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates, Males, Georgia versus United States 1999-2003

Prostate Lung and Bronchus
Colorectal Bladder
Melanoma Non-Hodgkin
Oral Cavity Kidney
Leukemias Pancreas

United States Georgia

0 50 100 150 200

Age-adjusted Cancer Incidence Rates, Females, Georgia versus United States, 1999-2003

Breast Lung and Bronchus
Colorectal Uterus
Non-Hodgkin Melanoma Ovary Cervical Pancreas Thyroid 0

United States Georgia
50 100 150 200

The annual age-adjusted cancer incidence rate for males in Georgia is 570 per 100,000.
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer among Georgia males and accounts for 29% of all new cancer cases among males each year.
Prostate and lung and bronchus cancer incidence rates are higher among Georgia males than among U.S. males.
Colorectal and bladder cancer incidence rates are lower among Georgia males than the U.S. males.
In the U.S., males have a 1 in 2 lifetime risk of developing cancer. Females have a 1 in 3 lifetime risk.

The annual age-adjusted cancer incidence rate for
females in Georgia is 394 per 100,000.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among
Georgia females and accounts for 32% of all new cancer cases among females each year.
Breast, lung and bronchus, colorectal, and uterine
cancer incidence rates are lower among Georgia females than U.S. females.
ESTIMATED COSTS
In Georgia, annual cancer costs are approximately $4.6 billion: $1.7 billion for direct medical costs, $406 million for indirect morbidity costs, and $2.5 billion for indirect mortality costs.

Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 657-3103 gdphinfo@dhr.state.ga.us http://health.state.ga.us

BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Georgia females.

BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer is most commonly diagnosed cancer among Georgia females.
Breast cancer accounts for 32% of all new cancer cases among females.
Over 5,700 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in Georgia in 2006.
One in eight American females will develop breast cancer in her lifetime.
White women are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than black women, but black women are more likely to die from the disease.
Breast Cancer Incidence Rates, Females, by Health District, Georgia, 1999-2003

Rate per 100,000 Females

Age-adjusted Breast Cancer Incidence Rates, Georgia and the United States, 1999-2003

200

150 112 112
100
50

128 131
Georgia United States

0 Black Females White Females

Breast Cancer Incidence by Stage, Georgia, 1999-2003

Distant 6%
Regional 33%

Insitu 18%

Localized 43%

Distant Insitu Regional 3% 19%
25%
Localized 53%

Black Females

White Females

RISK FACTORS

Rate significantly higher than the state average No significant difference from the state average Rate significantly lower than the state average

Personal or family history Age Race (White) Previous breast radiation Menstrual history Obesity Smoking Physical inactivity Alcohol consumption Never having children or having first child after age 30 Recent use of oral contraceptives or postmenopausal
estrogens.

The Northwest (1-1), South Central (5-1), North Central (5-2), South (8-1), Southwest (8-2) and

PREVENTION

Southeast (9-2) Health Districts have significantly

lower breast cancer rates than the state average.

The best strategy is to avoid the modifiable risk factors:

obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and alcohol

The Cobb/Douglas (3-1), Fulton (3-2), East Metro (3- consumption.

4) and DeKalb (3-5) Health Districts have significantly

higher breast cancer rates than the state average.

Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 657-3103 gdphinfo@dhr.state.ga.us http://health.state.ga.us

LUNG CANCER

Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke are the best strategies for preventing lung cancer.

LUNG AND BRONCHUS CANCER
Lung cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in Georgia.
Over 6,360 new cases of lung cancer will be diagnosed in 2006 in Georgia.
Lung cancer accounts for 16% of all cancers.
Age-adjusted Lung Cancer Incidence Rates, Females, by Health District, Georgia, 1999-2003

The Northwest (1-1), North Georgia (1-2), and Coastal (91) Health Districts have significantly higher lung cancer incidence rates than the state average for females.
The DeKalb (3-5), and West Central (7) Health Districts have significantly lower lung cancer incidence rates than the state average for females.
The Northwest (1-1), North Central (5-2), East Central (6), West Central (7), South (8-1), Southwest (8-2) and Southeast (9-2) Health Districts have significantly higher lung cancer incidence rates than the state average for males.
The Cobb/Douglas (3-1), Fulton (3-2), East Metro (3-4) and DeKalb (3-5) Health Districts have significantly lower lung cancer incidence rates than the state average for males.
Age-adjusted Lung Cancer Incidence, by Race and Sex, Georgia and the United States, 1999-2003

Rate significantly higher than the state average No significant difference than the state average Rate significantly lower than the state average Age-adjusted Lung Cancer Incidence Rates, Males, by Health District, Georgia, 1999-2003
Rate significantly higher than the state average No significant difference than the state average Rate significantly lower than the state average

Rate per 100,000

150

116 111 108

100

89

50

Georgia

United States

41 50 57 56

0 Black White Males Males

Black White Females Females

RISK FACTORS

Tobacco use (accounts for about 87% of lung cancers) Exposure to secondhand smoke Exposure to certain industrial substances such as arsenic,
organic chemicals, radon, and asbestos Radiation exposure from occupational, medical, and
environmental sources Air pollution
PREVENTION

Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke are the best strategies for preventing lung cancer.
RESOURCE

To get help to quit all forms of tobacco use call the Georgia Tobacco Quit Line at 1-877-270-STOP.

Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 657-3103 gdphinfo@dhr.state.ga.us http://health.state.ga.us

PROSTATE CANCER

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Georgia men.

PROSTATE CANCER
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Georgia males.
Over 6,250 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in 2006.
Prostate cancer accounts for 29% of all new cancer cases among males.
The prostate cancer incidence rate among black males is 80% higher than among white males in Georgia.
One in six American males will develop prostate cancer in his lifetime.

Rate per 100,000

Age-adjusted Prostate Cancer Incidence Rate, Georgia and United States, 1999-2003

300

261 243

250

200

145 156

150

100

50

0 Black Males White Males

Georgia United States

Prostate Cancer Incidence Rates, by Health District, Georgia, 1999-2003

RISK FACTORS
Increasing age (about 90% of cases are diagnosed in males over age 55)

Race (Black)

Family history

Obesity

PREVENTION

Rate significantly higher than the state average
No significant difference from the state average
Rate significantly lower than the state average
The Northwest (1-1), North Georgia (1-2) North (2), South Central (5-1), East Central (6), Coastal (9-1), Southeast (9-2) and Northeast (10) Health Districts have significantly lower prostate cancer incidence rates than the state average.
The Fulton (3-2), DeKalb (3-5) North Central (5-2), and Southwest (8-2) Health Districts have significantly higher prostate cancer incidence rates than the state average.

There is no known way to prevent prostate cancer. Studies are underway to determine if early detection of prostate cancer in large groups of men will lower the prostate cancer death rate. Until that information is available, whether or not a man should undergo prostate screening is a decision that should be made after discussing the risks and the benefits with his physician.

Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 657-3103 gdphinfo@dhr.state.ga.us http://health.state.ga.us

COLORECTAL CANCER

In Georgia, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed among males and females.

COLORECTAL CANCER
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed among Georgia males and females.
Over 4,340 new cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed in 2006.
Age-adjusted Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates, Females, by Health District, Georgia, 1999-2003

The Clayton (3-3) and East Metro (3-4) Health Districts have a significantly lower colorectal cancer incidence rate than the state average for females.
The Fulton (3-2) and Coastal (9-1) Health Districts have significantly higher colorectal cancer incidence rates than the state average for females.
The Northwest (1-1), Cobb/Douglas (3-1), Clayton (33), East Metro (3-4), and LaGrange (4) Health districts have significantly lower colorectal cancer incidence rates than the state average for males.
The North Central (5-2), East Central (6) and Southwest (8-2) Health Districts have significantly higher colorectal cancer incidence rates than the state average for males.
Age-adjusted Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate, by Race and Sex, Georgia and United States, 1999-2003

Rate significantly higher than the state average No significant difference from the state average Rate significantly lower than the state average
Age-adjusted Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates, Males, by Health District, Georgia, 1999-2003

Rate per 100,000

100

72 70

64

60

50

Georgia United States 53 54 41 46

0 Black White Males Males

Black White Females Females

RISK FACTORS
Age Personal/family history of colorectal cancer or polyps Smoking and alcohol consumption Physical inactivity High-fat and/or low-fiber diet Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables Obesity

Rate significantly higher than the state average No significant difference from the state average Rate significantly lower than the state average

PREVENTION
Colorectal cancer can be prevented by managing modifiable risk factors such as diet and physical activity, and by screening to enable detection and removal of precancerous polyps.
Data source: Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry (1999-2003) Date updated: November 2006 Publication number: DPH06/167HW Visit http://www.health.state.ga.us/programs/gccr/index.asp for more information about cancer in Georgia.

Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 657-3103 gdphinfo@dhr.state.ga.us http://health.state.ga.us

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Georgia.
However, 30% to 35% of cancer deaths can be prevented by eating a healthy diet and being physically active. In 2005, the Georgia Department of Human Resources, in partnership with the Office of the Governor, announced the launch of the Live Healthy Georgia campaign. The purpose of this comprehensive, statewide communications campaign is to raise awareness about the risk factors for most chronic diseases, including cancer: poor nutrition, lack of regular physical activity, and use of tobacco products. Using five key messages, the campaign focuses on how to reduce those risk factors: eat healthy, be active, be smoke free, get checked, and be positive.
Eat healthy.
A healthy eating plan is one that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products; includes lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts;
and is low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars.
Be active.
Participating in regular physical activity can help to reduce many risk factors associated with chronic diseases including obesity and high blood pressure.
Be smoke free.
Tobacco use is a leading, preventable, risk factor for many chronic diseases. Approximately 11,000 Georgians die each year from tobacco-related illnesses.
Get checked.
Undergoing routine physical check-ups and screenings can prevent some chronic diseases and detect other chronic diseases earlier when treatment may be more effective.
Be positive.
A positive attitude contributes to your overall well being. If Georgians follow these guidelines, they can greatly reduce their chances of developing a chronic disease, leading to an improved quality of life and reduced healthcare costs...everyone benefits!
For more information about the Live Healthy Georgia campaign:
Phone: 404-657-6602 Website: http://www.livehealthygeorgia.com E-mail: livehealthygeorgia@dhr.state.ga.us
Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 657-3103 gdphinfo@dhr.state.ga.us http://health.state.ga.us