- Collection:
- Georgia Government Publications
- Serial:
- Georgia behavioral risk factor surveillance system ... report.
- Title:
- 2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System report
- Creator:
- Georgia. Division of Public Health
- Contributor to Resource:
- Georgia. Division of Public Health.
Georgia. Chronic Disease, Healthy Behaviors and Injury Epidemiology Section. - Publisher:
- Atlanta, Ga. : Dept. of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, 2007
- Date of Original:
- 2006
- Subject:
- Health risk assessment--Georgia
Behavioral assessment--Georgia - Location:
- United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018
- Medium:
- state government records
- Type:
- Text
- Format:
- application/pdf
- Description:
- DPH publication #DPH02.22HW
- External Identifiers:
- Call Number GA H800.P8 S1 B4 2006
- Metadata URL:
- https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bh800-pp8-bs1-bb4-b2006-belec-p-btext
- Digital Object URL:
- https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:dlg_ggpd_y-ga-bh800-pp8-bs1-bb4-b2006-belec-p-btext
- Language:
- eng
- Holding Institution:
- University of Georgia. Map and Government Information Library
- Rights:
-
2006
Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
Acknowledgments
Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health Epidemiology Branch Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section Georgia BRFSS
B.J. Walker, Commissioner Stuart T. Brown, M.D., Director Susan Lance, D.V.M., Ph.D., Director John Horan, M.D., M.P.H., Chief
Leah Bryan, M.P.H., Coordinator Shani Thompson, M.P.H., Epidemiologist Dafna Kanny, Ph.D., Project Director
The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is supported in part through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement U58/CCU422885. Without the cooperation and participation of the Georgia residents who completed the telephone survey, the BRFSS would not be possible.
Cover photos courtesy of Georgia Department of Industry, Trade and Tourism.
Graphic Design : Jimmy Clanton, Jr.
Suggested Citation:
Bryan L, Thompson S, 2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section, December 2007. Publication number DPH07.157HW.
Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................4
Chronic Conditions Obesity .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Diabetes................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Asthma..................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Coronary Heart Disease........................................................................................................................................................... 12 Heart Attack.............................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Stroke....................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Disability................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Risk Behaviors Cigarette Smoking.................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Physical Inactivity..................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Binge Drinking.......................................................................................................................................................................... 24 No Health Insurance................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Preventive Practices Mammography......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Pap Test................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Colorectal Cancer Screening (Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy).................................................................................................. 32 Prostate Cancer Screening...................................................................................................................................................... 34 HIV/AIDS Testing...................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Influenza Vaccination............................................................................................................................................................... 38 Pneumonia Vaccination............................................................................................................................................................ 40
Healthy People 2010 Table................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Data Tables........................................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Definitions............................................................................................................................................................................................. 49
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
Introduction
The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on the major health risk behaviors and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians. This report presents BRFSS data for Georgia and for the 18 public health districts overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, annual household income, level of education and health insurance status. For the state, all estimates are based on the 2006 BRFSS survey. For the 18 health districts, survey data from 2000 through 2003 and 2004 through 2006 have been aggregated to increase the sample size and improve the accuracy and precision of the estimates.
For each of the risk factors in this report national Healthy People 2010 objectives have been identified. These objectives represent targets to be reached by the year 2010 and support the overarching goals of Healthy People 2010 to increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate disparities.
If reliable estimates could not be produced for a demographic group, a bar for that group is not shown in the following bar charts.
Georgia Public Health Districts District 1-1, Northwest (Rome) District 1-2, North Georgia (Dalton) District 2, North (Gainsville)
District 3-1, Cobb/Douglas District 3-2, Fulton District 3-3, Clayton (Marrow) District 3-4, East Metro (Lawrenceville) District 3-5, DeKalb District 4, LaGrange District 5-1, South Central (Dublin) District 5-2, North Central (Macon)
District 6, East Central (Augusta)
District 7, West Central (Columbus) District 8-1, South (Valdosta) District 8-2, Southwest (Albany)
District 9-1, Coastal (Savannah/Brunswick) District 9-2, Southeast (Waycross)
District 10, Northeast (Athens)
Counties
Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Paulding, Polk, Walker Cherokee, Fannin, Gilmer, Murray, Pickens, Whitfield Banks, Dawson, Forsyth, Franklin, Habersham, Hall, Hart, Lumpkin, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, White Cobb, Douglas Fulton Clayton Gwinnett, Newton, Rockdale DeKalb Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Bleckley, Dodge, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Pulaski, Telfair, Treutlen, Wheeler, Wilcox Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Hancock, Houston, Jasper, Jones, Monroe, Peach, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson Burke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Jenkins, Lincoln, McDuffie, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes Chattahoochee, Clay, Crisp, Dooly, Harris, Macon, Muscogee, Marion, Quitman, Randolph, Schely, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Webster Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Cook, Echols, Irwin, Lanier, Lowndes, Tift, Turner Baker, Calhoun, Colquitt, Dougherty, Decatur, Early, Grady, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Worth Chatham, Effingham, Bryan, Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh
Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Brantley, Bulloch, Candler, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Evans, Jeff Davis, Pierce, Tattnall, Toombs, Ware, Wayne Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Madison, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton
Georgia County HGeeaolrtghiaDepartments
Public HJeuanlteh2D0is0tr6icts
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
Obesity
An estimated 6,700 Georgians now die every year
because they are overweight or obese, approximately
10% of all deaths. Obesity is a risk factor for Type 2
diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, gall bladder
50
disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory
problems, and some types of cancer. Obesity is also
40
associated with high blood cholesterol and high blood
pressure. The risk of these conditions can be reduced
30
Percent
by weight loss. Recommendations for weight loss and
weight maintenance include reducing calories and
20
increasing physical activity. 10
Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI1) of 30.0
0
or more.
1BMI= weight in kg/(height in m)2
Percent of Obese Adults, by Sex, Georgia 2006
29.4
24.8
M ale
Fem ale
Sex
Obese Adults, Georgia 2006: 27.1%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: <15%
Percent of Obese Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2006
50
40
In 2006, approximately 1.7 million adult Georgians,
30
Percent
more than one in four (27.1%) were obese. This rate
was higher than the national average among adults
20
(25.1%).
10
Obesity was more common among men than
23.8
37.7
NA
16.3
0
among women.
W hiteNH
B la c k N H
H is p a n ic
O th e r
More Black adults were obese than White
R a c e /E th n ic ity
adults.
NH=Non-Hispanic
Obesity was more common among adults
whose annual household income was less
than $15,000 than among adults at any other
income level.
Obesity was more common among adults
with a high school education or less than
among adults with more than a high school
education.
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
Percent
Percent
Percent of Obese Adults, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10
34.0
30.0
29.2
31.0
27.7
22.5
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Obese Adults, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10 32.6
0 <High School
31.0
28.6
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
21.2 College G rad
Percent of Obese Adults, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Obese Adults, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
25.0
29.3
17.2
1-2 Dalton
20.6
26.6
29.1
2 Gainesville
22.0
23.2
5.5
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
20.3
19.4
-4.4
3-2 Fulton
19.4
22.7
17.0
3-3 Clayton
25.2
27.8
10.3
3-4 Lawrenceville
19.1
22.5
17.8
3-5 Dekalb
21.4
24.4
14.0
4 Lagrange
23.4
29.5
26.1
5-1 Dublin
28.2
31.0
9.9
5-2 Macon
26.4
31.1
17.8
6 Augusta
27.5
28.0
1.8
7 Columbus
24.2
28.0
15.7
8-1 Valdosta
28.1
27.9
-0.7
8-2 Albany
28.5
30.0
5.3
9-1 Savannah *
22.9
29.2
27.5
9-2 Waycross
30.2
31.6
4.6
10 Athens
24.3
27.9
14.8
* statistically significant difference exists
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
Cigarette Smoking
Diabetes
Complications of diabetes include heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney
Percent of Adults w ith Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2006
disease, amputations, nerve problems, dental
disease, and susceptibility to infections. Obesity
25
and physical inactivity are two of the most important
preventable risk factors for developing diabetes. Risk
20
factors for complications due to diabetes include
glucose levels outside of the normal range, high blood
15
Percent
pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, poor diet
and lack of physical activity. Management of diabetes
10
involves controlling blood glucose levels through
5
diet and insulin regulation, monitoring blood glucose
levels, and regular foot and eye exams by health care
0
8.4
11.9
7.7
5.8
professionals.
W hiteNH
B la c k N H
H is p a n ic
R a c e /E th n ic ity
O th e r
Adults with Diabetes, Georgia 2006: 9.1%
Percent of Adults w ith Diabetes, by Age, Georgia 2006
Healthy People 2010 Objective: <2.5%
25
In 2006, approximately 580,000 adult Georgians had
20
diabetes. This rate (9.1%) is higher than the national
average (7.5%).
15
Percent
Diabetes was more common among Black
10
adults than among White adults.
Diabetes was more common among adults
5
aged 65 years and older than among adults aged 18 to 34 years. Diabetes was 3 times more common among
2.1
4.4
10.2
18.8
23.3
0
18-34 yr
35-44 yr
45-54 yr
55-64 yr
65+
Age
adults whose annual household income
was less than $15,000 than among adults in
households that earned $75,000 or more a
year.
Diabetes was more common in adults with
health insurance.
Percent
Percent
PercePnetrcoef nAtdoufltAsdwuiltths DwiiathbeDteiasb, ebtyesA,nbnyuAalnHn uoaulsHehooulsdeIhnoclodme, GeoInrgcioam2e0,06 Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
19.3
11.9
12.2
9.1
5.6
5.0
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Adults w ith Diabetes, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
9.6 0
Health Coverage
6.6 No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
Percent of Adults with Diabetes, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults with Diabetes, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
9.1
7.6
-16.5
1-2 Dalton
6.3
7.7
22.2
2 Gainesville
5.7
6.9
21.1
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
4.8
5.5
14.6
3-2 Fulton
4.5
5.1
13.3
3-3 Clayton
5.1
6.6
29.4
3-4 Lawrenceville
4.5
6.5
44.4
3-5 Dekalb
5.0
5.2
4.0
4 Lagrange
5.9
8.7
47.5
5-1 Dublin
8.7
9.3
6.9
5-2 Macon
8.2
8.6
4.9
6 Augusta
6.8
9.6
41.2
7 Columbus
7.6
7.4
-2.6
8-1 Valdosta
8.9
9.3
4.5
8-2 Albany
8.1
9.5
17.3
9-1 Savannah
6.6
8.8
33.3
9-2 Waycross
8.3
8.7
4.8
10 Athens
6.2
7.6
22.6
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
Asthma
Asthma is a disease of the lungs that causes breathing problems or "asthma attacks" and resulted in more than 50,000 emergency department visits and more than 12,000 hospitalizations in Georgia in 2005. The airways of people with asthma tighten abnormally in response to smoke, pollen, dust, air pollution, infection, irritants, allergens, or exercise, leading to difficulty in breathing. While asthma is not often fatal, loss of productivity, high medical costs, and disability are common outcomes for asthma sufferers. Smoking, genetic factors, allergies and some medications can be risk factors for developing asthma and asthma symptoms. Asthma can be effectively controlled by recognizing and avoiding asthma triggers, appropriate management of medication, monitoring lung function, and giving patients tools and education about managing their own care.
Adults with Asthma, Georgia 2006: 8.0%
In 2006, more than 516,000 adults in Georgia had asthma. This rate (8.0%) is slightly lower than the national rate (8.5%).
Asthma was 2 times more common among women than among men.
Asthma was 2 times more common among adults with less than a high school education than among college graduates.
A significantly higher percentage of adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 had asthma than in any other income level.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults w ith Asthm a, by Sex, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
5.7 0
M ale
10.1 Fem ale
Sex
Percent of Adults w ith Asthm a, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5 13.8
0 <High School
8.5
8.2
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
5.6 College G rad
Percent
10
Percent of Adults w ith Asthm a, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
18.2
10.6
8.3
6.4
6.4
5.6
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Adults with Asthma, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults with Asthma, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens
7.9
9.0
13.9
8.1
8.0
-1.2
6.7
6.6
-1.5
6.7
7.8
16.4
7.5
6.6
-12.0
7.0
7.9
12.9
5.5
6.2
12.7
8.3
6.0
-27.7
6.0
8.1
35.0
7.0
7.1
1.4
7.3
8.7
19.2
6.9
7.1
2.9
6.4
6.8
6.2
7.3
5.6
-23.3
7.7
7.6
-1.3
6.1
6.8
11.5
7.2
10.0
38.9
6.5
6.7
3.1
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
11
Coronary Heart Disease
12
Coronary heart disease is a broad term that refers collectively to both diseases of the coronary arteries and the resulting complications such as a heart attack. Risk factors include high blood cholesterol levels, smoking, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity and obesity.
Adults who have ever been told that they have Coronary Heart Disease, Georgia 2006: 4.2%
In 2006, more than 270,000 adult Georgians have been told by a health professional that they have coronary heart disease.
Significantly more men than women had coronary heart disease.
Significantly more White adults than Black adults had coronary heart disease.
Coronary heart disease was 10 times more common among adults 65 years or older than among adults 18-34 years.
Coronary heart disease was four times more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 annually than among adults in households that earned $75,000 or more annually.
Adults with less than a high school education were significantly more likely to have coronary heart disease than adults with any other education level.
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults w ith Coronary Heart Disease, by Sex, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
5.1
3.3
0
M ale
Fem ale
Sex
Percent of Adults w ith Coronary Heart Disease, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
4.9 0
W hiteNH
2.2
5.7
B la c k N H
H is p a n ic
R a c e /E th n ic ity
4.4 O th e r
Percent of Adults w ith Coronary Heart Disease, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
8.1 0
<High School
4.5
3.8
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
3.1 College G rad
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults w ith Coronary Heart Disease, by Age,
Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
0.2 0
18-24 yr
1.2 25-34 yr
0.9
35-44 yr Age
3.5 45-54 yr
9.1 55-64 yr
Percent of Adults w ith Coronary Heart Disease, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
14.4 65+ yr
25
20
15
10
5
9.1
6.1
5.2
3.0
4.1
2.0
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
2000 and 2003
Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, Georgia Health Districts, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006
Percent
2005 and 2006
Percent of Adults who have been told that they have Coronary Heart Disease, Georgia Health Districts, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006
2000, 2003 2005, 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens
3.8
4.5
18.4
5.7
4.6
-19.3
4.3
3.4
-20.9
2.5
3.2
28.0
1.6
3.1
93.8
2.4
3.3
37.5
4.1
1.4
-65.9
1.2
1.2
0.0
2.9
4.0
37.9
5.1
4.7
-7.8
4.2
4.2
0.0
2.8
3.2
14.3
4.0
6.6
65.0
5.6
3.9
-30.4
3.4
3.2
-5.9
4.5
3.2
-28.9
3.4
5.2
52.9
4.1
2.1
-48.8
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
13
Specific Source of Care Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked. Risk factors include high blood cholesterol levels, smoking, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity and obesity.
25
Adults who have ever been told that they have
had a Heart Attack,
20
Georgia 2006: 4.1% 15
Percent
In 2006, approximately 264,000 Georgia adults had
10
ever been told by a health professional that they
have had a heart attack.
5
More men had heart attacks than women.
0
Heart attacks were more common among
older adults.
Heart attacks occured 6 times more among
adults whose annual household income was
$15,000 or less than among adults whose
household income was $75,000 or more.
More adults with less than a high school
25
education had heart attacks than adults with
any other level of education.
20
Percent of Adults w ho have had a Heart Attack, by Sex,
Georgia 2006
5.2
3.0
M ale
Fem ale
Sex
Percent of Adults w ho have had a Heart Attack, by Age,
Georgia 2006
15
Percent
10
5
0.1 0
18-24 yr
0.4 25-34 yr
1.7
35-44 yr Age
3.9 45-54 yr
8.2 55-64 yr
13.3 65+ yr
Percent
Percent
14
Percent of Adults w ho have had a Heart Attack, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
10.7
5.9
5.1
2.6
3.1
1.7
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Adults w ho have had a Heart Attack, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5 11.2
0 <High School
4.9
2.8
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
2.3 College G rad
2000 and 2003
Percent of Adults who have had a Heart Attack, Georgia Health Districts, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006
Percent
2005 and 2006
Percent of Adults who have ever been told that they have had a Heart Attack, Georgia Health Districts, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006
2000, 2003 2005, 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
5.5
4.4
-20.0
1-2 Dalton
5.2
5.1
-1.9
2 Gainesville
3.6
3.3
-8.3
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
1.2
2.2
83.3
3-2 Fulton
1.1
2.1
90.9
3-3 Clayton
2.3
3.4
47.8
3-4 Lawrenceville
2.1
1.5
-28.6
3-5 Dekalb
1.5
1.4
-6.7
4 Lagrange
2.2
3.3
50.0
5-1 Dublin
4.4
3.4
-22.7
5-2 Macon
4.5
4.2
-6.7
6 Augusta
3.3
3.0
-9.1
7 Columbus
3.0
7.5
150.0
8-1 Valdosta
3.1
4.0
29.0
8-2 Albany
5.5
4.5
-18.2
9-1 Savannah
3.9
3.4
-12.8
9-2 Waycross
4.9
5.1
4.1
10 Athens
3.2
3.6
12.5
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
15
Stroke
A stroke can be the result of a thrombus (blocked artery) or a hemorrage (ruptured artery) which prevents blood flow to the brain.
Percent of Adults w ho have had a Stroke, by Age,
Georgia 2006
Adults who have ever been told that they have had
25
a Stroke,
Georgia 2006: 3.0%
20
Percent
15
In 2006, approximately 190,000 Georgia adults had
ever been told by a health professional that they have
10
had a stroke.
5
The prevalence of stroke among adults age 65+ (9.6%) was higher than among adults 1824, 25-34 and 35-44 years.
The prevalence of stroke among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 was 10 times higher than among adults in households that earned $75,000 or more a year.
The prevalence of stroke among adults with less than a high school education was 4 times greater than among college graduates.
0.6 0
18-24 yr
0.9 25-34 yr
2.0
35-44 yr Age
2.4 45-54 yr
4.4 55-64 yr
9.6 65+ yr
Percent
Percent
16
Percent of Adults w ho have had a Stroke, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
8.3
4.7
3.2
1.6
1.5
0.8
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Adults w ho have had a Stroke, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5 7.0
0 <High School
3.2
2.6
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
1.8 College G rad
2000 and 2003
Percent of Adults who have had a Stroke, Georgia Health Districts, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006
Percent
2005 and 2006
Percent of Adults who have ever been told that they have had a Stroke, Georgia Health Districts, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006
2000, 2003 (%)
2005, 2006 (%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
2.2
2.4
9.1
1-2 Dalton
2.7
3.0
11.1
2 Gainesville
1.6
1.5
-6.3
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
0.3
1.4 366.7
3-2 Fulton
0.9
1.2
33.3
3-3 Clayton
1.7
1.9
11.8
3-4 Lawrenceville
1.9
1.5 -21.1
3-5 Dekalb
0.5
2.4 380.0
4 Lagrange
1.5
1.9
26.7
5-1 Dublin
3.2
3.3
3.1
5-2 Macon
1.8
3.2
77.8
6 Augusta
2.2
2.4
9.1
7 Columbus
2.6
2.7
3.8
8-1 Valdosta
3.0
3.5
16.7
8-2 Albany
3.3
5.8
75.8
9-1 Savannah
1.0
2.3 130.0
9-2 Waycross
2.1
4.0
90.5
10 Athens
1.5
1.9
26.7
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
17
Disability
People living with disability may have difficulty performing functional activities or activities of daily living. Disability may require the use of special equipment like a cane, crutches, or a walker. Disabilities acquired early in life are referred to as developmental disabilities. As a potentially underserved group, people with disabilities may experience lack of access to health services and medical care and may be at increased risk for various conditions.
Adults with a Disability, Georgia 2006: 19.9%
In 2006, approximately 1.3 million Georgia adults had a disability.
Disability was more common among adults aged 65+ years than among younger adults.
Disability was significantly more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than among adults in household that earned $75,000 or more a year.
Disability was 2 times more common among adults with less than a high school education than among college graduates.
Percent
100
90
80 70
60
50
40
30 20
10 7.0
0 18-24 yr
Percent of Adults w ith a Disability, by Age,
Georgia 2006
10.9 25-34 yr
15.1
22.8
35-44 yr Age
45-54 yr
33.1 55-64 yr
37.9 65+ yr
Percent
Percent
18
Percent of Adults w ith a Disability, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
48.3
25.7
21.0
15.6
16.4
11.6
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Adults w ith a Disability, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
100
90
80 70
60
50
40
30 20
10 36.6
0 <High School
19.4
19.9
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
15.3 College G rad
Percent of Adults with a Disability, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2003, 2004-2006
2001 and 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults with a Disability, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2003, 2004-2006
2001, 2003 2004 - 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
18.3
19.5
6.6
1-2 Dalton
18.0
20.3
12.8
2 Gainesville
19.1
19.6
2.6
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
14.8
16.2
9.5
3-2 Fulton
11.5
17.2
49.6
3-3 Clayton
14.5
18.4
26.9
3-4 Lawrenceville
13.9
15.1
8.6
3-5 Dekalb
12.0
16.7
39.2
4 Lagrange
17.6
16.5
-6.3
5-1 Dublin
19.3
22.0
14.0
5-2 Macon
20.0
20.1
0.5
6 Augusta
17.5
20.6
17.7
7 Columbus
17.8
21.8
22.5
8-1 Valdosta
17.7
19.9
12.4
8-2 Albany
17.7
21.7
22.6
9-1 Savannah
16.5
18.0
9.1
9-2 Waycross
21.4
23.5
9.8
10 Athens
17.5
18.6
6.3
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
19
Cigarette Smoking
Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Over 40% of all tobaccorelated deaths in Georgia are from cancer. An estimated 79% of lung cancer deaths in Georgia result from smoking. Smoking is also associated with illness and death related to heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and fire. For those who smoke, quitting is always beneficial. At every age, smokers who quit live longer than those who continue smoking. Policy changes to prevent the initiation of smoking among youth and to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are also important for reducing the burden of tobacco-related death and disease in Georgia.
Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia 2006: 19.9%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: <12%
In 2006, approximately 1.3 million adult Georgians smoked cigarettes. This rate (19.9%) is comparable to the national rate (20.1%).
Smoking cigarettes was significantly more common among men than among women.
The prevalence of smoking was 3 times higher among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than among adults whose household income was $75,000 or more.
Smoking cigarettes was more common among adults with less than a high school education than among college graduates.
The prevalence of smoking was twice as high among adults with no health insurance than among adults with health insurance.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults w ho Sm oke Cigarettes, by Sex, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10
22.4 0
M ale
17.6 Fem ale
Sex
Percent of Adults w ho Sm oke Cigarettes, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10 36.6
0 <High School
26.0
20.1
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
9.8 College G rad
Percent
Percent
20
Percent of Adults w ho Sm oke Cigarettes, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10
31.4
27.8
24.4
23.6
17.6
11.0
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Adults w ho Sm oke Cigarettes, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10
17.4
33.5
0
Health Coverage
No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
31.7
27.6
-12.9
1-2 Dalton
29.9
25.0
-16.4
2 Gainesville
24.0
22.1
-7.9
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
19.5
16.1
-17.4
3-2 Fulton
18.6
15.5
-16.7
3-3 Clayton
26.8
26.2
-2.2
3-4 Lawrenceville *
24.5
16.7
-31.8
3-5 Dekalb
18.9
14.5
-23.3
4 Lagrange
23.7
21.0
-11.4
5-1 Dublin
22.1
22.4
1.4
5-2 Macon
27.8
24.1
-13.3
6 Augusta
25.2
22.3
-11.5
7 Columbus
22.7
24.4
7.5
8-1 Valdosta
25.6
25.6
0.0
8-2 Albany
24.3
21.8
-10.3
9-1 Savannah
26.6
24.3
-8.6
9-2 Waycross
27.8
24.5
-11.9
10 Athens
24.5
20.7
-15.5
* statistically significant difference exist
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
21
Physical Inactivity
Physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, colon cancer and osteoporosis. Regular physical activity also helps maintain healthy body weight, reduces the risk of falls and fractures, helps prevent back pain, reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression, and enhances quality of life. Benefits can be achieved through regular moderate-intensity activities like walking, housework, and gardening as well as through traditional exercise programs. Inactive individuals who become more physically active improve their health even if they do not reach the recommended level of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity most, preferably all, days a week.
Adults who are Physically Inactive during Leisure Time, Georgia 2006: 24.7%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: < 20%
In 2006, more than 1.5 million adult Georgians were physically inactive during their leisure time.
Physical inactivity during leisure time was more common among Black adults than among White adults.
Physical inactivity during leisure time was 4 times more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 a year than among adults whose annual household income was $75,000 or more a year.
Physical inactivity during leisure time was more common among adults with less than a high school education than among college graduates.
Adults with no health insurance were significantly less physically active than adults with health coverage.
Percent
Percent
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10 22.0
0 W hiteNH
30.2
NA
B la c k N H
H is p a n ic
R a c e /E th n ic ity
25.1 O th e r
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Age,
Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10 17.5
0 18-24 yr
20.0 25-34 yr
22.0
35-44 yr Age
25.5 45-54 yr
31.8 55-64 yr
35.8 65+ yr
Percent
Percent
Percent
22
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10
45.2
36.7
32.0
22.7
18.8
12.4
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10
41.7 0
<High School
33.3
24.0
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2006
50
13.0 College G rad
40
30
20
10
23.3 0
Health Coverage
32.2 No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
2000 - 2003
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006 Percent
(%)
(%)
Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
29.5
24.4
-17.3
1-2 Dalton
27.5
23.9
-13.1
2 Gainesville
26.3
22.5
-14.4
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
16.7
18.0
7.8
3-2 Fulton
19.7
21.7
10.2
3-3 Clayton
27.0
27.1
0.4
3-4 Lawrenceville
23.2
21.1
-9.1
3-5 Dekalb
23.3
22.4
-3.9
4 Lagrange
24.3
26.6
9.5
5-1 Dublin
31.4
30.2
-3.8
5-2 Macon
26.9
28.6
6.3
6 Augusta
30.1
31.3
4.0
7 Columbus
25.8
28.2
9.3
8-1 Valdosta
30.7
28.7
-6.5
8-2 Albany
31.0
29.0
-6.5
9-1 Savannah
25.4
24.2
-4.7
9-2 Waycross
32.2
33.3
3.4
10 Athens
27.5
26.1
-5.1
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
23
Binge Drinking
Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks
for men and four drinks or more for women on an
occasion. One drink equals one can or bottle of
beer, one glass of wine, one can or bottle of wine
cooler, one cocktail or one shot of liquor. Binge
25
drinking can result in acute impairment of judgment
and physical skills, and causes a significant fraction
20
of alcohol-related deaths. Adverse health effects
15
Percent
include unintentional injuries (motor vehicle crashes,
drowning and falls) and suicide. Chronic conditions
10
such as high blood pressure, pancreatitis and poor 5
diabetic control are also related to binge drinking.
Binge drinking has high social and economic impact;
0
it increases the risk of homicide, child abuse, rape
and domestic violence and causes loss of productivity.
Binge drinking during pregnancy may cause fetal
alcohol syndrome. Effective prevention measures
against binge drinking can save lives and prevent
development of birth defects.
Percent of Adults w ho Binge Drink, by Sex,
Georgia 2006
16.3
7.9
M ale
Fem ale
Sex
Percent of Adults w ho Binge Drink, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2006
25
Adults who Binge Drink,
20
Georgia 2006: 12.0%
15
Percent
Healthy People 2010 Objective: < 6% 10
In 2006, approximately 770,000 adult Georgians were
5
binge drinkers. This rate (12.0%) is lower than the national rate (15.4%) among adults in the U.S.
13.2 0
W hiteNH
8.7 B la c k N H
H is p a n ic
11.1 O th e r
Sex
Binge drinking was more common among
men than among women.
Binge drinking was more common among
White adults than among Black adults.
Binge drinking was significantly more common
among adults, aged 18 24 years than
among any other age group.
Binge drinking was nearly twice as common
among adults whose annual household
income was $75,000 or more than among
adults who earned less than $35,000.
Percent
Percent
24
25
20
15
10
5 21.7
0 18-24 yr
Percent of Adults w ho Binge Drink, by Age,
Georgia 2006
15.7 25-34 yr
13.6
35-44 yr Age
9.9 45-54 yr
6.2 55-64 yr
2.6 65+ yr
Percent of Adults w ho Binge Drink, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
25
20
15
10
5
9.9
9.7
9.8
11.9
11.8
16.3
0
Less than
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
$15,000
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, Georgia Health Districts, 2001-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
10.7
11.1
3.7
1-2 Dalton
12.4
13.1
5.6
2 Gainesville
9.1
11.9
30.8
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
14.7
16.5
12.2
3-2 Fulton
16.5
14.3
-13.3
3-3 Clayton
13.5
10.2
-24.4
3-4 Lawrenceville
12.6
14.2
12.7
3-5 Dekalb
14.5
12.1
-16.6
4 Lagrange
12.8
10.9
-14.8
5-1 Dublin
9.2
10.5
14.1
5-2 Macon
14.4
9.2
-36.1
6 Augusta
11.1
12.2
9.9
7 Columbus
15.2
14.0
-7.9
8-1 Valdosta
10.3
11.2
8.7
8-2 Albany
13.4
8.7
-35.1
9-1 Savannah
15.1
15.0
-0.7
9-2 Waycross
14.2
12.9
-9.2
10 Athens
13.4
11.6
-13.4
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
25
No Health Insurance
26
Access to preventive services and health care can prevent or improve the outcomes of many diseases. Insurance coverage is a strong factor in determining whether people will have access to services like screenings, treatment, and health recommendations. Access to quality health care can help eliminate disparities in disease and disease outcomes and can improve the quality and length of life for people living in Georgia. Access to health care can be limited both by lack of health insurance and by insufficient coverage. People who cannot afford to see a doctor or a health-care professional for either of these reasons are at risk for adverse health outcomes.
Adults with No Health Insurance, Georgia 2006: 15.8%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: 0%
In 2006, approximately 1 million Georgia adults have no health insurance.
More Black adults than white adults did not have health insurance.
Significantly more adults whose household annual income was less than $50,000 a year did not have health insurance than adults in households that earned $50,000 or more.
Significantly more adults with a high school education or less did not have health insurance than college graduates.
Percent
Percent of Adults w ith No Health Insurance, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10 12.2
0 W hiteNH
22.2
NA
B la c k N H
H is p a n ic
R a c e /E th n ic ity
19.2 O th e r
Percent
Percent
Percent of Adults w ith No Health Insurance, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10
32.1
32.9
19.8
13.5
7.6
4.3
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Adults w ith No Health Insurance, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
50
40
30
20
10 27.9
0 <High School
23.6
13.4
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
7.6 College G rad
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
14.5
17.7
22.1
1-2 Dalton
15.2
13.2
-13.2
2 Gainesville
14.8
15.3
3.4
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
11.5
10.7
-7.0
3-2 Fulton
16.5
12.6
-23.6
3-3 Clayton
16.7
20.6
23.4
3-4 Lawrenceville
13.1
12.6
-3.8
3-5 Dekalb
17.2
19.2
11.6
4 Lagrange
12.7
12.7
0.0
5-1 Dublin
17.1
21.2
24.0
5-2 Macon
14.5
15.2
4.8
6 Augusta
17.2
17.9
4.1
7 Columbus
17.0
13.4
-21.2
8-1 Valdosta
20.6
25.6
24.3
8-2 Albany
19.2
22.9
19.3
9-1 Savannah
17.0
13.1
-22.9
9-2 Waycross
22.0
27.5
25.0
10 Athens
16.1
16.6
3.1
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
27
Mammography
28
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidence among women in Georgia and the second leading cause of cancer death. The number of deaths can be reduced if the disease is diagnosed early. Factors associated with breast cancer are personal or family history of breast cancer, biopsy-confirmed atypical hyperplasia, early onset of the menstrual cycle coupled with late onset of menopause, recent use of oral contraceptives or post-menopausal estrogens, never having children or first child born after age 30 and consuming 2 or more drinks of alcohol daily. The American Cancer Society recommends that women ages 40 and older receive annual breast cancer screening, including a clinical breast exam and a mammogram.
Percent
Percent of W omen, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
100
90
80 70
60
50
40
30 20
10 70.9
0 <High School
77.0
79.2
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
82.7 College G rad
Women, aged 40+ years, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years: Georgia 2006: 78.6%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: > 70%
In 2006, 78.6% of Georgia women, aged 40+ years have had a mammogram in the last two years. This rate is comparable to the national average, 76.5%.
More women who were college graduates had mammograms than women with less than a high school education.
More women with health insurance had mammograms than women without health insurance.
Percent
Percent of W omen, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2006
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
82.0
55.9
0
Health Coverage
No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
Percent of Women, aged 40+ years, who have had a Mammogram, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Women, aged 40+ years, who have had a Mammogram in the last 2 Years, Georgia Health Districts, 20002006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
70.0
73.7
5.3
1-2 Dalton
74.8
73.3
-2.0
2 Gainesville
74.2
76.1
2.6
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
76.6
77.5
1.2
3-2 Fulton
81.0
77.8
-4.0
3-3 Clayton
73.2
66.6
-9.0
3-4 Lawrenceville
80.5
77.0
-4.3
3-5 Dekalb
78.6
82.6
5.1
4 Lagrange
76.5
77.5
1.3
5-1 Dublin
70.7
70.0
-1.0
5-2 Macon
76.4
76.0
-0.5
6 Augusta
80.2
76.6
-4.5
7 Columbus
77.8
80.2
3.1
8-1 Valdosta
73.5
66.7
-9.3
8-2 Albany
74.1
77.1
4.0
9-1 Savannah
78.8
74.5
-5.5
9-2 Waycross
71.3
66.2
-7.2
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
29
Pap Test
30
The risk of developing cervical cancer is closely linked with sexual practices and sexually transmitted human papillomavirus infection. Becoming sexually active at a young age, having multiple sex partners, and smoking cigarettes are all risk factors for cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends that all women begin cervical cancer screening within 3 years after becoming sexually active, but no later than age 21. Screening should be done every year with the regular Pap test, or every 2 years using the newer liquid-based Pap test. At age 30, women who have had 3 normal Pap tests in a row may get screened every two to three years.
Women who have had a Pap test within Three Years,
Georgia 2006: 87.2%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: > 90%
In 2006, an estimated 2.8 million Georgia women (87.2%) have had a pap test in the last three years which is higher than the national average (84.0%).
More women who were college graduates had a Pap test than women with any other level of education.
More women with health insurance had a Pap test significantly than women without health insurance.
Percent
Percent
Percent of W omen w ho have had a Pap Test, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
100
90
80 70
60
50
40
30 20
10 70.2
0 <High School
82.1
88.0
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
94.1 College G rad
Percent of W omen w ho have had a Pap Test, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2006
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
89.4
76.1
0
Health Coverage
No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
2000 - 2003
Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test in the last 3 Years, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006 Percent
(%)
(%)
Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
85.1
87.4
2.7
1-2 Dalton
90.5
87.5
-3.3
2 Gainesville
87.6
88.1
0.6
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
91.9
90.6
-1.4
3-2 Fulton
92.1
89.4
-2.9
3-3 Clayton
92.2
89.6
-2.8
3-4 Lawrenceville
91.2
90.3
-1.0
3-5 Dekalb
91.7
91.0
-0.8
4 Lagrange
90.2
87.6
-2.9
5-1 Dublin
91.6
85.1
-7.1
5-2 Macon
94.5
88.1
-6.8
6 Augusta
92.0
89.9
-2.3
7 Columbus
93.1
86.2
-7.4
8-1 Valdosta
89.2
86.2
-3.4
8-2 Albany
89.5
88.3
-1.3
9-1 Savannah
91.0
89.4
-1.8
9-2 Waycross
86.3
82.0
-5.0
10 Athens
87.5
90.9
3.9
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
31
Colorectal Cancer Screening
32
(Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy)
The risk of developing colorectal cancer increases with advancing age. Risk factors include inflammatory bowel disease, a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps, physical
inactivity, a high fat or low fiber diet and inadequate
100
intake of fruits and vegetables. Early detection can
90
save lives. An effective tool for early detection is
80
70
sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, an examination of
60
the rectum and lower colon using a lighted tube. The
50
Percent
American Cancer Society recommends that beginning
40
at age 50 adults should have sigmoidoscopy every 5
30
years or colonoscopy every 10 years.
20
10
0
Adults, aged 50+ years, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, Georgia 2006: 57.0%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: > 50%
Percent of Adults, age 50+, w ho have ever had a Sigm oidoscopy/Colonoscopy, by Age, Georgia 2006
39.5 50-54 yr
59.1
55-64 yr Age
67.2 65+ yr
Percent
Percent of Adults, age 50+, w ho have ever had a Sigm oidoscopy/Colonoscopy, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2006
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 60.1
0
Health Coverage
30.7 No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
Percent of Adults, age 50+, w ho have ever had a Sigm oidoscopy/Colonoscopy, by Level of Education, Georgia 2006
In 2006, 57.0% of Georgia adults, aged 50+ years, had ever had either a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. This rate is the same as the national average (57.1%).
Colorectal cancer screening was more common among adults aged 65+ years than among adults in any other age group.
Colorectal cancer screening was more common among college graduates than among adults with less than a high school education.
Colorectal cancer screening was more common among adults with health insurance than among adults with no health insurance.
Percent
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 42.9
0 <High School
54.4
57.8
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
64.5 College G rad
Percent of Adults, aged 50+ years, who have had a Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2003, 2004-2006
2001 and 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults, aged 50+ years, who have had a Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2003, 2004-2006
2000, 2003 2004 - 2006 Percent
(%)
(%)
Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
41.4
49.2 18.8
1-2 Dalton
48.0
51.7
7.7
2 Gainesville
48.6
52.8
8.6
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
55.6
58.2
4.7
3-2 Fulton
51.3
62.6 22.0
3-3 Clayton
51.7
53.2
2.9
3-4 Lawrenceville
48.9
56.1 14.7
3-5 Dekalb
54.2
69.5 28.2
4 Lagrange
43.2
55.4 28.2
5-1 Dublin *
38.7
52.9 36.7
5-2 Macon
44.5
61.6 38.4
6 Augusta
41.6
53.5 28.6
7 Columbus
41.3
50.8 23.0
8-1 Valdosta
43.4
57.5 32.5
8-2 Albany
42.4
53.3 25.7
9-1 Savannah
51.0
60.3 18.2
9-2 Waycross
40.0
49.5 23.8
10 Athens
51.9
59.7 15.0
* statistically significant difference exists
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
33
Prostate Cancer Screening
34
Prostate cancer occurs when cells of the prostate mutate and begin to multiply out of control. These cells may spread from the prostate to other parts of the body, especially the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, erectile dysfunction and other symptoms.
According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer is least common among Asian men and most common among Black men. Prostate cancer develops most frequently in men over fifty. This cancer can occur only in men, as the prostate is exclusively of the male reproductive tract. It is the most common type of cancer in men in the United States, where it is responsible for more male deaths than any other cancer, except lung cancer. Many factors, including genetics and diet, have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer is most often discovered by physical examination or by screening blood tests, such as the PSA (prostate specific antigen) test. When detected and treated early, prostate cancer has a cure rate of over 90%. However, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has found that evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening for prostate cancer using PSA testing or digital rectal examination (DRE).
Percent of Men, age 40+, w ho have had a Prostate
Percent of Men, age 40+, whEoxahmaivneathioand, a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test, byb yLeLveevel looffEEdduuccaattiioon, Georgia 2006 Georgia 2006
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 41.5
0 <High School
48.9
62.9
High School G rad
Som e college
Level of Education
63.6 College G rad
Men, aged 40+ years, who have had a PSA test within the last 2 years, Georgia 2006: 57.2%
In 2006, 57.2% of Georgia men, aged 40+ years, have had a PSA within the last 2 years. This rate is higher than the national average (53.5%).
PSA testing was more common among collegeeducated men than among men with any other level of education.
PSA testing was more common among men with health insurance than among men without health insurance.
Percent Percent
Percent of Men, age 40+, w ho have had a Prostate Percent of Men, age 40+, whEoxahmavineahtioadn , a Prostate-Specific Antigen
(PSA) Test, bybHy eHaelathlthInInsusuraranncceeSSttaattuuss, Georgia 2006
Georgia 2006
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 60.9
0
Health Coverage
32.3 No Health Coverage
Health Insurance Status
Percent of Men, aged 40+ years, who have had a Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Test in the last 2 Years, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Men, aged 40+ years, who have had a Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Test in the last 2 Years, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006 Percent
(%)
(%)
Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
55.8
53.0
-5.0
1-2 Dalton
54.7
59.5
8.8
2 Gainesville
55.7
51.2
-8.1
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
46.0
53.3
15.9
3-2 Fulton
65.4
63.7
-2.6
3-3 Clayton
52.5
56.1
6.9
3-4 Lawrenceville
42.8
46.7
9.1
3-5 Dekalb
56.2
56.9
1.2
4 Lagrange
60.4
56.2
-7.0
5-1 Dublin
52.7
57.2
8.5
5-2 Macon
53.3
52.7
-1.1
6 Augusta
53.1
53.2
0.2
7 Columbus
61.8
61.4
-0.6
8-1 Valdosta
44.9
54.6
21.6
8-2 Albany
56.7
57.9
2.1
9-1 Savannah
54.4
54.6
0.4
9-2 Waycross
45.2
45.4
0.4
10 Athens
51.7
49.6
-4.1
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
35
HIV/AIDS Testing
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and through intravenous drug use. People who become infected with the virus can be asymptomatic for long periods of time during which they can infect sexual and drug injection partners. Following infection with HIV, people develop AIDS, a disease that affects the immune system and leaves patients vulnerable to a wide variety of potentially fatal opportunistic infections. Testing for HIV infection is crucial to determine HIV status so that those infected can stop HIV transmission, begin treatment, and, in the case of pregnant women, reduce the risk of transmission to an unborn baby.
Percent
Percent of Adults, 18-64, w ho have ever been Tested for HIV, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2006
100
90
80 70
60
50
40
30 20
10 34.2
0 W hiteNH
59.5
NA
B la c k N H
H is p a n ic
R a c e /E th n ic ity
48.1 O th e r
Adults, Aged 18-64 years, Tested for HIV, Georgia 2006: 42.9%
In 2006, 42.9% of Georgia adults, aged 18-64 years, have ever been tested for HIV.
HIV testing was nearly twice as common among Black adults than among White adults.
HIV testing was more common among adults aged 25-34 years than among adults of any other age group.
HIV testing was more common among adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 than among those with annual household income of $50,000 or more.
Percent
Percent of Adults, 18-64, w ho have ever been Tested for HIV, by Age,
Georgia 2006
100
90
80 70
60
50
40
30 20
10 37.9
0 18-24 yr
61.3 25-34 yr
48.1
35-44 yr Age
34.5 45-54 yr
21.7 55-64 yr
Percent
36
Percent of Adults, 18-64, w ho have ever been Tested for HIV, by Annual Household Incom e, Georgia 2006
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
53.3
48.8
47.6
46.1
40.4
39.6
0
Less than $15,000
15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore
Annual Household Incom e
Percent of Adults, aged 18-64 years, who have ever been Tested for HIV, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults, aged 18-64 years, who have ever had an HIV Test, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006 Percent
(%)
(%)
Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
46.7
42.6
-8.8
1-2 Dalton *
53.2
43.0 -19.2
2 Gainesville *
47.0
37.8 -19.6
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
55.1
46.6 -15.4
3-2 Fulton
59.5
58.1
-2.4
3-3 Clayton
65.5
59.3
-9.5
3-4 Lawrenceville
52.6
44.0 -16.3
3-5 Dekalb
63.7
59.5
-6.6
4 Lagrange
47.5
43.6
-8.2
5-1 Dublin *
50.7
40.1 -20.9
5-2 Macon
53.8
51.5
-4.3
6 Augusta
55.4
49.6 -10.5
7 Columbus
58.4
50.4 -13.7
8-1 Valdosta
57.0
49.7 -12.8
8-2 Albany *
58.5
46.5 -20.5
9-1 Savannah *
61.5
51.4 -16.4
9-2 Waycross *
53.4
43.7 -18.2
10 Athens *
47.5
37.9 -20.2
* statistically significant difference exists
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
37
Influenza Vaccination
38
Influenza and pneumonia were the eighth leading causes of death in Georgia in 2005. Infection with the influenza virus is often resolved within two weeks, but can lead to serious or life-threatening disease in
Percent of Adults, age 65+, w ho have had an Influenza Vaccination,
by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2006
some people, especially the elderly or people with
chronic health problems. Influenza vaccination, or a flu
100
90
shot, can reduce much of the morbidity and mortality
80
associated with the flu. People aged 65 years or older
70
and people with chronic diseases such as asthma or
60
Percent
diabetes should receive an influenza vaccine every fall.
50 40
30
20
Adults, aged 65+ years, who had a Flu shot in the
10 69.1
48.7
NA
NA
0
Last Year,
W hiteNH
B la c k N H
H is p a n ic
O th e r
Georgia 2006: 64.8%
R a c e /E th n ic ity
Healthy People 2010 Objective: > 90%
In 2006, 64.8% of Georgia adults, aged 65+ years, had an influenza immunization. This is lower than the national average, 69.6%.
A significantly higher proportion of White adults than Black adults received a flu shot.
Percent of Adults, aged 65+ years, who have had an Influenza Vaccination within the last 12 months,
Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults, aged 65+ years, who have had an Influenza Vaccination within the last 12 months, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006 Percent
(%)
(%)
Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
59.4
57.5
-3.2
1-2 Dalton
64.1
63.3
-1.2
2 Gainesville
63.8
67.5
5.8
3-1 Cobb-Douglas *
55.5
74.7
34.6
3-2 Fulton
59.7
64.2
7.5
3-3 Clayton
58.0
57.2
-1.4
3-4 Lawrenceville
72.6
66.1
-9.0
3-5 Dekalb
61.1
72.3
18.3
4 Lagrange
61.1
59.9
-2.0
5-1 Dublin
62.0
57.8
-6.8
5-2 Macon
66.5
65.4
-1.7
6 Augusta
67.5
64.0
-5.2
7 Columbus
58.6
59.3
1.2
8-1 Valdosta
67.5
57.7 -14.5
8-2 Albany
67.9
62.3
-8.2
9-1 Savannah
62.8
60.1
-4.3
9-2 Waycross
65.2
54.5 -16.4
10 Athens
61.7
59.9
-2.9
* statistically significant difference exists
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
39
Pneumonia Vaccination
40
In 2006, Georgia ranked 46th in the nation for pneumonia immunization for adults aged 65 years or older. Pneumococcal bacteria can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and infections in the blood (septicemia). Adults older than 65 and people with chronic health problems like diabetes, heart disease, and kidney failure are at especially high risk for infection. Penicillin was once an effective treatment for pneumococcal disease, but drug resistant strains of the bacteria have made prevention of infection though immunization vital. The vaccine can be given at any time of the year. Usually one dose is all that is needed.
Adults, aged 65+ years, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination, Georgia 2006: 63.1%
Healthy People 2010 Objective: > 90%
In 2006, 63.1% of Georgia adults, aged 65+ years, have ever had a pneumonia vaccination. This is lower than the national average, 66.9%.
A significantly higher proportion of White adults than Black adults received a pneumonia vaccination.
Percent
Percent oPfeArcdeunlttso, faAged u6l5ts+,, awgheo6h5a+v, ewehvoehr ahvaedhaaPdnaeuPmn eounmiaoVnaiaccination, by Race/EVthanccicinitay,tiGo neo, rgia 2006 by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2006
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 67.1
0 W hiteNH
47.2
NA
B la c k N H
H is p a n ic
R a c e /E th n ic ity
NA O th e r
Percent of Adults, aged 65+ years, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2006
2000 - 2003
Percent
2004 - 2006
Percent of Adults, aged 65+ years, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination, Georgia Health Districts, 20002006
2000 - 2003 2004 - 2006
(%)
(%)
Percent Change
(%)
1-1 Rome
56.3
59.5
5.7
1-2 Dalton
67.8
62.4
-8.0
2 Gainesville
55.0
58.5
6.4
3-1 Cobb-Douglas
63.6
69.5
9.3
3-2 Fulton
47.6
63.2
32.8
3-3 Clayton
55.7
70.2
26.0
3-4 Lawrenceville
73.0
63.4
-13.2
3-5 Dekalb
57.6
74.3
29.0
4 Lagrange
54.0
56.4
4.4
5-1 Dublin
53.7
56.5
5.2
5-2 Macon
61.3
61.0
-0.5
6 Augusta
63.7
64.3
0.9
7 Columbus
45.1
47.2
4.7
8-1 Valdosta
54.2
59.2
9.2
8-2 Albany
63.2
55.8
-11.7
9-1 Savannah
52.1
60.6
16.3
9-2 Waycross
61.1
56.1
-8.2
10 Athens
63.3
60.4
-4.6
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
41
Healthy People 2010 Table
42
Year 2010 Health Objectives for the Nation:
Summary
of
BRFSS
Data, Georgia, Progress towards Healthy 2010 Objectives,
P2eo0ple01-2006
Georgia, 2001-2006
Healthy People 2010 1 Objectives 2
Health Outcomes
Obese, BMI 30 (Objective # 19.2) Ages 20 years
Diabetes, Clinically Diagnosed (Objective #5.3) Ages >18 years
Georgia Georgia
2001
2002
Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year 2010 Target
23%
24%
26%
25%
27%
287% 15%
7%
7%
8%
7%
8%
9% 2.5%
Limitation in Activities Due to
54%
41%
41%
33%
Arthritis (Objective #2.2)
(< 21%)
Adults with Doctor-diagnosed Arthritis,
Ages >18 yrs
(definition for arthritis surveillance before
change in 2002)
Health-related Behaviors
No Leisure Time Physical Activity (Objective # 22.1) Ages >18 years
27%
26%
25%
26%
27%
25% 20%
Regular Moderate Physical Activity, 5 40%
42%
42%
50%
or more days/week for 30 or more
(> 30%)
minutes or Vigorous Physical
Activity, 3 or more days per week for
20 minutes or more per day
(Objective # 22.2)
Ages 18 years
Regular, Vigorous Physical Activity, 3 23%
25%
24%
30%
or more days per week for 20 or more
minnuutteess
(Objective #22.3)
Ages >18 years
Cigarette Smoking (Objective # 27.1a) 24%
23%
23%
20%
22%
20% 12%
Ages 18 years
Binge Drinking, During Past Month
12%
13%
13%
12%
12%
12%
6%
(Objective # 26.11c)
Ages 18 years
1 Healthy People 2010 is designed to achieve two overarching goals: 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life, 2. Eliminate health disparities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition, Washington DC:U.S. Government Printing
Office, November 2000. 2 In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People 2010. See Healthy People 2010 for the exact
definition of the objective. Data were not collected in that year. ( ) Original target prior to 2005 Midcourse Review - Met Year 2010 target.
Healthy People 2010 Objectives (cont'd)
Georgia Georgia 2001 2002
Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia
2003 2004
2005
2006
Year 2010 Target
Screening/Immunizations
Pap Smear, Ever Had (Objective #3.11a) Women without a hysterectomy, Ages >18 years
Pap Smear, Within Past Three Years (Objective #3.11b) Women without a hysterectomy, Ages >18 years
Mammogram, Within Past Two Years (Objective #3.13) Women, Ages >40 years
94%
96% 97%- 95%
95%
94% 97%
88%
87%
88%
85%
87%
87% 90%
79%- 76%- 76%- 75%- 75%- 79%- 70%
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) Within Past Two Years (Objective #3.12a) Ages >50 years
Sigmoidoscopy, Ever Had (Objective #3.12b) Ages >50 years
32%
30%
49%
26%
27%
27% 33%
(> 50%)
54%- 62%- 57%- 50%
Cholesterol Screening, Within Past Five 75%
75%
74%
80%
Years (Objective #12.15)
Ages >18 years
Influenza Immunization, Within Past Year (Objective # 14.29a) Ages 65 years
62%
59%
67%
64%
61%
65% 90%
Pneumococcal Immunization, Ever Had (Objective # 14.29b) Ages 65 years
58%
57%
61%
59%
63%
63% 90%
Access to Health Care
Health Insurance (Objective # 1.1) Ages 18 years
Specific Source of Ongoing Primary Care (Objective #1.4c) Ages 18 years
86%
84%
84%
83%
83%
84% 100%
77%
77%
77%
79%
79%
80% 96%
1 Healthy People 2010 is designed to achieve two overarching goals: 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life, 2. Eliminate health disparities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition, Washington DC:U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000.
2 In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People 2010. See Healthy People 2010 for the exact definition of the objective.
Data were not collected in that year. ( ) Original target prior to 2005 Midcourse Review - Met Year 2010 target.
Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health Publication No. DPH07.098HW.
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
43
Data Tables
44
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate Income Less than $15,000
$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Health Insurance Health Insurance No Health Insurance
Obesity (BMI 30) N=7292
Diabetes N=7699
Asthma N=7672
Coronary Heart Disease N=7644
Heart Attack N=7683
Stroke N=7695
n
%
95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
%
95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
% 95% CI n
% 95% CI
1924 27.1 25.7-28.7 955 9.1
8.4-9.9 656 8.0
7.1-8.9 483 4.2
3.7-4.7 457 4.1
3.6-4.6 307 3.0
2.5-3.5
768 29.4 27.0-32.0 377 9.4 1156 24.8 23.2-26.5 578 8.8
8.3-10.8 8.0-9.8
165 5.7 491 10.1
4.6-7.1 8.9-11.3
236 5.1 247 3.3
4.3-6.0 253 5.2 2.8-3.9 204 3.0
4.5-6.1 125 3.1 2.5-3.6 182 2.8
2.5-4.0 2.3-3.5
1250 23.8 22.3-25.4 636 8.4
7.6-9.2 475 7.9
525 37.7 34.2-41.4 244 11.9 10.1-13.9 124 8.4
58
NA
NA 22 7.7
4.0-14.1
14 5.7
57 16.3 11.4-22.7
31 5.8
3.7-9.0
35 8.7
7.0-8.9 6.6-10.7 2.9-10.7 5.2-14.4
389 4.9 49 2.2 16 5.7 20 4.4
4.3-5.5 344 4.4 1.5-3.3 71 3.2 3.0-10.5 10 3.4 2.4-7.8 22 5.1
3.8-5.0 199 2.6
2.4-4.2 76 3.5
1.4-8.2
9 3.2
3.1-8.4 16 3.9
2.1-3.1 2.6-4.8 1.2-8.0 2.0-7.4
56 18.7 13.7-24.9
30 2.1
1.4-3.1
32 8.4
229 26.8 23.0-30.8
77 8.3
376 31.6 28.4-34.9
67 4.4
3.2-6.2 113 7.6
443 30.9 28.1-33.9 167 10.2
8.4-12.3 131 7.8
440 31.7 28.8-34.8 289 18.8 16.5-21.4 145 8.4
363 20.8 18.5-23.3 385 23.3 20.9-25.9 148 7.5
5.6-12.5 6.2-11.1 6.0-9.5 6.3-9.6 6.9-10.1 6.2-9.1
1 0.2 6 1.2 16 0.9 66 3.5 128 9.1 257 14.4
0.0-1.2
1 0.1
0.0-1.0
1 0.6
0.5-2.8
3 0.4
0.1-1.9
5 0.9
0.5-1.6 25 1.7
1.1-2.8 18 2.0
2.6-4.7 56 3.9
2.9-5.4 43 2.4
7.3-11.1 116 8.2 6.6-10.2 82 4.4
12.4-16.5 246 13.3 11.4-15.3 157 9.6
0.1-3.9 0.3-2.4 1.1-3.6 1.7-3.4 3.5-5.7 8.0-11.5
275 32.6 28.1-37.5 197 18.4 15.2-22.1 135 13.8
641 31.0 28.1-34.0 324 10.5
9.1-12.2 201 8.5
518 28.6 25.5-31.8 217 8.2
6.9-9.8 171 8.2
488 21.2 19.0-23.6 217 6.0
5.1-7.0 147 5.6
11.0-17.3 6.9-10.3 6.6-10.2
4.5-7.0
94 8.1 158 4.5 119 3.8 111 3.1
6.0-10.8 3.6-5.6 3.0-4.8 2.5-3.9
118 11.2 151 4.9
94 2.8 92 2.3
8.7-14.3 4.0-6.0 2.2-3.6 1.8-2.9
76 7.0 98 3.2 65 2.6 67 1.8
5.1-9.6 2.4-4.4 1.8-3.7 1.4-2.4
258 34.0 29.3-39.1 187 19.3 15.9-23.2 141 18.2 14.4-22.6
313 30.0 25.9-34.4 183 11.9
220 29.2 25.1-33.7 112 12.2
266 31.0 26.4-36.0 113 9.1
274 27.7 24.1-31.7
81 5.6
379 22.5 20.1-25.2 114 5.0
9.8-14.3 9.7-15.4 6.8-11.9
4.3-7.4 4.0-6.2
107 10.6 67 8.3 79 6.4 70 6.4 92 5.6
7.9-14.1 6.1-11.4 4.6-9.0 4.6-8.9 4.4-7.2
104 9.1
86 6.1 61 5.2 45 3.0 54 4.1 51 2.0
6.9-11.8
4.6-8.2 3.8-7.2 2.1-4.3 2.9-5.7 1.4-2.7
105 10.7
85 5.9 53 5.1 46 2.6 39 3.1 43 1.7
8.2-13.8
4.4-7.8 3.6-7.1 1.9-3.6 2.1-4.5 1.1-2.4
79 8.3
58 4.7 31 3.2 25 1.6 19 1.5 20 0.8
6.0-11.3
3.2-6.8 2.1-4.9 1.0-2.4 0.8-2.8 0.4-1.3
1632 26.7 25.1-28.3 843 9.6 289 29.6 25.4-34.2 110 6.6
8.8-10.5 549 7.6 5.2-8.3 105 9.5
6.8-8.6 7.1-12.7
434 4.4 49 3.4
3.9-5.0 407 4.2 2.3-4.9 50 3.5
3.7-4.8 265 3.0 2.5-5.0 40 3.1
2.5-3.5 1.9-5.1
N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width.
45
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate Income Less than $15,000
$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Health Insurance Health Insurance No Health Insurance
Disability N=7671
Cigarette Smoking N=7668
No Leisure Time Physical Activity N=7700
Binge Drinking N=7476
No Health Insurance N=7689
Mammogram in Past 2 Years, Women 40+
N=3420
n
%
95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
%
95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
% 95% CI
1997 19.9 18.8-21.1 1460 19.9 18.6-21.3 2127 24.7 23.4-26.1 656 12.0 10.8-13.3
15.8 14.6-17.2
78.6 76.8-80.4
695 18.4 16.7-20.3 622 22.4 20.2-24.7 714 23.2 21.0-25.5 1302 21.3 19.9-22.8 838 17.6 16.2-19.1 1413 26.2 24.6-27.8
376 16.3 280 7.9
14.3-18.5 370 16.8 14.7-19.1 6.8-9.2 643 14.9 13.5-16.4
78.6 76.8-80.4
1502
21 19.7-22.3 1072 20.8 19.3-22.3 1442 22.0 20.6-23.3
346 18.6 16.2-21.3 255 15.9 13.4-18.6 513 30.2 27.1-33.5
42 11.4
7.6-16.6
40 NA
NA
57 NA
NA
82 22.1 16.2-29.3
78 25.8 19.7-32.9
85 25.1 19.0-32.4
504 13.2 98 8.7 21 NA 27 11.1
11.9-14.7 6.7-11.2 NA 6.8-17.6
598 12.2 315 22.2
36 NA 49 19.2
11.0-13.5 19.3-25.5
NA 13.4-26.9
79.0 509 80.6
51 NA 66 NA
77.0-80.8 75.9-84.5
NA NA
29
7.0
4.4-10.9
80 23.5 18.3-29.6
61 17.5 13.1-22.9
112 10.9
8.5-13.7 213 21.9 18.7-25.5 196 20.0 16.7-23.8
213 15.1 12.8-17.8 301 20.7 18.2-23.5 299 22.0 19.2-24.9
388 22.8 20.4-25.4 372 23.0 20.5-25.6 402 25.5 22.9-28.3
524 33.1 30.2-36.0 291 18.8 16.5-21.3 489 31.8 29.0-34.8
705 37.9 35.2-40.7 187 9.9
8.3-11.8 650 35.8 33.1-38.7
64 21.7 143 15.7 176 13.6 149 9.9
77 6.2 42 2.6
16.4-28.1 13.0-18.8 11.6-16.0
8.2-11.8 4.7-8.3 1.9-3.8
82 25.1 168 17.6 220 16.6 259 16.6 226 14.9
43 2.9
19.9-31.2 14.4-21.3 14.1-19.3 14.4-19.1 12.8-17.3
1.9-4.2
301 66.5
80.5 927 83.6
60.9-71.7
78.3-82.6 80.4-86.3
369 36.6 32.0-41.5 256 36.6 31.7-41.8 416 41.7 37.0-46.6
600 19.4 17.4-21.5 512 26.0 23.2-29.1 797 33.3 30.4-36.3
529 19.9 17.7-22.3 418 20.1 17.8-22.7 511 24.0 21.3-26.8
493 15.3 13.7-17.1 273 9.8
8.3-11.4 397 13.0 11.5-14.7
58 13.6 156 11.2 176 11.6 266 12.5
9.6-18.9 8.9-14.1 9.6-14.0 10.9-14.3
190 27.9 413 23.6 237 13.4 170 7.6
23.4-33.0 20.9-26.6 11.1-16.0
6.2-9.3
307 70.9 824 77.0 741 79.2 836 82.7
64.6-76.4 73.7-80.0 75.7-82.3 79.3-85.7
415 48.3 43.0-53.6 224 31.4 26.8-36.4 360 45.2 40.0-50.4
353 25.7 22.2-29.6 276 27.8 24.0-32.0 408 36.7 32.2-41.5
211 21.0 17.8-24.7 174 24.4 20.4-28.9 254 32.0 27.7-36.6
206 15.6 12.8-19.0 213 23.6 19.6-28.2 246 22.7 19.1-26.7
220 16.4 13.9-19.3 186 17.6 14.2-21.6 235 18.8 16.0-22.0
252 11.6 10.0-13.4 208 11.0
9.4-13.0 239 12.4 10.6-14.5
48 9.9
69 9.7 54 9.8 98 11.9 100 11.8 234 16.3
6.8-14.0
7.2-13.0 6.9-13.6 9.0-15.6 8.7-15.8 14.0-18.9
205 32.1
261 32.9 127 19.8 124 13.5
67 7.6 75 4.3
27.4-37.2
28.3-37.9 16.1-24.2 10.6-17.1
5.5-10.4 3.3-5.7
300 71.5
380 75.6 258 74.6 339 75.6 365 80.5 572 83.6
65.0-77.2
70.8-79.8 67.7-80.5 69.4-80.8 75.4-84.7 80.0-86.6
1723 19.5 18.3-20.7 1115 17.4 16.1-18.9 1777 23.3 21.9-24.7 270 22.3 18.9-26.2 344 33.5 29.5-37.9 344 32.2 28.1-36.7
556 11.8 100 13.6
10.5-13.1 10.5-17.4
82.0 80.1-83.8 213 55.9 49.8-61.8
Data Tables
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammogram/PSA) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) 55-64 yr (45-64 Mammogram/PSA) 65+ yr Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate Income Less than $15,000
$15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Health Insurance Health Insurance No Health Insurance
Pap Test in Past 3 Years, Women 18+ N=3075
Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, Adults 50+ N=3960
PSA Test in Past 2 Yrs., Men 40+ N=1925
HIV Test, Adults 18-64 N=5398
Influenza Vaccination, Adults 65+
N=1775
Pnuemonia Vaccination, Adults 65+ N=1719
n
%
95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
% 95% CI
n
%
95% CI
n
%
95% CI
n
%
95% CI
2663 87.2 85.3-88.8 2342 57.0 55.0-59.0 1172 57.2 54.4-60.0 2098 42.9 41.0-44.8 1154 64.8 62.0-67.6 1086 63.1 60.2-65.9
2663 87.2
844 55.4 85.3-88.8 1498 58.4
52.1-58.6 1172 57.2 56.0-60.8
54.4-60.0 773 41.9 38.8-45.0 1325 44.0 41.7-46.2
400 63.7 754 65.6
58.8-68.4 62.2-68.9
355 59.2 54.2-64.0 731 65.8 62.3-69.1
1857 627 70 87
87.6 90.3
NA NA
85.5-89.5 86.7-93.0
NA NA
1883 318 47 60
59.1 52.4
NA NA
57.0-61.1 47.3-57.5
NA NA
914 56.7 187 62.4
20 NA 36 NA
53.7-59.7 55.1-69.2
NA NA
1210 680 73 115
34.2 59.5
NA 48.1
32.2-36.3 55.4-63.5
NA 39.4-56.9
1011 92 18 19
69.1 48.7
NA NA
66.3-71.8 40.1-57.4
NA NA
941 67.1 64.2-69.8
91 47.2 38.6-55.9
18 NA
NA
20 NA
NA
135 74.7 513 93.2 647 91.5 570 89.2 427 87.4 371 78.7
66.1-81.8 90.4-95.3 88.9-93.6 86.2-91.6 333 39.5 83.2-90.7 858 59.1 73.2-83.3 1151 67.2
35.4-43.7 55.8-62.2 64.3-70.0
74 29.6
642 59.9 456 78.8
23.4-36.8
56.2-63.5 74.5-82.6
131 37.9 31.6-44.5 543 61.3 56.9-65.5 621 48.1 44.8-51.5 503 34.5 31.5-37.7 300 21.7 19.1-24.4
183 70.2 677 82.1 753 88.0 1048 94.1
61.0-78.0 77.9-85.6 84.1-91.1 92.2-95.5
269 42.9 662 54.4 591 57.8 814 64.5
37.6-48.2 50.9-57.9 53.8-61.8 60.8-68.0
92 41.5 282 48.9 292 62.9 504 63.6
32.6-50.9 43.5-54.3 57.1-68.4 59.1-67.8
151 37.3 30.8-44.3 494 37.9 34.2-41.7 630 47.2 43.5-51.0 822 44.7 41.7-47.8
195 57.6 392 68.5 285 66.2 276 64.6
50.6-64.2 63.7-73.0 59.9-72.0 59.1-69.9
190 55.4 48.3-62.3 365 66.6 61.6-71.2 273 66.0 59.8-71.7 252 61.8 56.0-67.3
232 80.5
340 83.5 252 86.7 389 90.0 423 88.8 704 93.7
73.5-86.1
77.8-87.9 80.8-91.0 85.4-93.2 83.1-92.8 90.6-95.8
245 49.8
329 52.1 228 56.7 294 58.7 319 55.5 506 62.9
44.0-55.6
46.8-57.3 50.8-62.5 51.9-65.1 50.2-60.7 58.7-67.0
80 NA
111 44.5 126 55.2 154 60.4 192 56.3 386 64.4
NA
36.3-53.1 46.7-63.4 51.8-68.4 49.4-62.9 59.6-69.0
204 53.3 46.5-60.1
280 48.8 42.9-54.7 216 47.6 41.7-53.5 329 46.1 40.8-51.4 336 40.4 35.9-45.1 575 39.6 36.5-42.9
176 64.5
207 63.9 141 65.6 132 65.2 105 69.2 110 62.2
57.2-71.3
56.9-70.3 56.8-73.5 57.4-72.3 59.9-77.1 52.6-71.0
176 66.0 58.5-72.8
200 63.3 56.3-69.7 127 62.4 53.8-70.3 136 70.0 62.4-76.7
88 67.9 58.7-75.9 85 49.1 39.7-58.5
2334 89.4 329 76.1
87.4-91.1 2214 60.1 70.3-81.1 124 30.7
58.0-62.2 1095 60.9 25.4-36.5 75 32.3
57.9-63.8 1717 42.1 40.0-44.2 1130
24.8-40.9 377 47.3 42.5-52.2
22
65.4 NA
62.5-68.2 1067 63.9 60.9-66.7
NA 16 NA
NA
N=Number of respondents NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width.
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
46
Methods
Georgia has been conducting the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since 1984. In 2006, approximately 630 Georgia residents age 18 and older were interviewed each month by telephone about health conditions, behaviors, and the use of preventive services. The total sample size was 7,709. The average monthly co-operation rate for 2006 was 73%.
The 2006 BRFSS used a Disproportionate Stratified Sample (DSS) design. Telephone numbers were classified into two strata based on the presumed density of residential telephone numbers. Telephone numbers in the high-density strata were sampled at a higher rate than numbers in the low-density strata. The sample was further stratified to yield approximately equal numbers of respondents in each of the 18 health districts in Georgia (see page 4 and 5).
The 2006 BRFSS questionnaire covered a range of topics on health behaviors and conditions. This report contains selected chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, asthma, coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke and disability. The risk behaviors included are cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, binge drinking, frequent mental distress and having no health insurance. Preventive practices included on the survey are mammography, pap test, colorectal cancer screenings, prostate cancer screening, HIV/AIDS testing and influenza and pneumonia vaccination.
Participation in the survey was random, anonymous, and confidential. Respondents were randomly selected from among the adult members of residential households in Georgia. Trained interviewers administered the questionnaire, and data were entered during the interview via computer using CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) software. Households without telephones and households that use cellular telephones only are not represented in the sampling frame.
At the end of the year, data from the monthly surveys were compiled and weighted to represent the age-, race/ethnicity-, and sex-distribution of the adult population in Georgia and to compensate for an individual's probability of selection. Weighting also adjusts for non-response to the extent that non-responders are similar to responders. Estimates for the health districts were weighted to the age-, race-, and sex-specific population of the district.
Analysis for this report was performed using statistical software that accounts for the complex survey sample design, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all estimates. Significant differences among demographic groups were identified by comparing confidence interval overlap.
In addition to the 2006 state-wide estimates for Georgia, this report also contains district estimates. BRFSS data from 2000 to 2003 and 2004 to 2006 were aggregated in order to increase the sample size and reduce the statistical variability of demographic estimates. This approach facilitates review of BRFSS data over time.
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
47
48
Sample & Population Demographic Distribution Table, 2006 Georgia BRFSS
Total Sex
Male Female Race/Ethnicity WhiteNH BlackNH Hispanic Other Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Level of Education <High School High School Grad Some college College Grad Income Less than $15,000 15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Health Care Coverage Health Coverage No Health Coverage
N
Sample %
7709
Population
Weighted %
6,700,195
2803
36.4
3,273,304
48.9
4906
63.6
3,426,891
51.1
5595
73.7
4,052,739
61.1
1517
20.0
1,759,053
26.5
193
2.5
340,587
5.1
289
3.8
480,022
7.2
334
4.4
935,006
14.1
942
12.4
1,348,726
20.4
1397
18.4
1,398,679
21.1
1590
21.0
1,171,562
17.7
1510
19.9
867,116
13.1
1806
23.8
906,306
13.7
840
10.9
679,802
10.2
2221
28.9
1,906,868
28.5
2027
26.4
1,824,447
27.3
2599
33.8
2,276,180
34.0
764
11.7
527,489
9.2
1047
16.0
904,475
15.7
783
12.0
664,904
11.6
1042
15.9
920,323
16.0
1122
17.1
1,010,625
17.6
1789
27.3
1,729,148
30.0
6676
86.8
5,611,625
84.2
1013
13.2
1,054,687
15.8
Definitions
Chronic Conditions
Obesity: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30.0. BMI is measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Diabetes: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes.
Asthma: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have asthma and still have asthma.
Coronary Heart Disease: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have angina or coronary heart disease.
Heart Attack: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have had a heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction.
Stroke: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have had a stroke.
Disability: Adults who have activity limitation because of physical, mental, or emotional problems or who require the use of special equipment, such as a cane, wheelchair, special bed, or special telephone.
Risk Behaviors
Cigarette Smoking: Adults who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and who are current smokers.
Physical Inactivity: Adults who did not participate in any physical activities or exercise during leisure time in the past 30 days.
Binge Drinking: Men who consume five or more drinks on an occasion and women who consume four or more drinks on an occasion.
Preventive Practices
Mammography: Adult women, age 40 and older, who had a mammogram within the past two years.
2006 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report
49
50
Preventive Practices
Pap Test: Adult women, who have not had a hysterectomy, who had a Pap smear within the past three years.
Colorectal Cancer Screenings (Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy): Adults aged 50+ who have had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy.
Prostate Cancer Screening: Men, age 40+, who have had a prostate-specific antigen test (PSA test) in the last two years.
HIV/AIDS Testing: Adults, age 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV.
Influenza Vaccination: Adults, age 65 and older, who have had a flu shot within the past 12 months.
Pneumonia Vaccination: Adults, age 65 and older, who have ever had a pneumonia vaccination.
Demographics
Race/Ethnicity: Race/ethnicity is based on responses to questions about race and Hispanic origin. Hispanics may be of any race; White, Black and Other exclude persons who reported they were Hispanic. Other includes multiracial and all race categories other than Black or White or Hispanic ethnicity.
Income: Self-reported annual household income from all sources.
No Health Insurance: Adults who have no health insurance.
Education: Highest grade or year of school completed.