GEORGIA
IN PERSPECTIVE
2011
Statistics, Trends, Facts & Figures
for Key Policy Issues
GOVERNOR'S OFFICE of PLANNING & BUDGET
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Dear Fellow Georgians:
We are fortunate to live in one of the most dynamic states in the nation. Our foundation of solid economic growth, based on policies that encourage business investment and job growth, have encouraged hundreds of thousands of people to pick Georgia as their home during the past decade.
Today Georgia has 9.7 million residents. The state's population grew by 18.3% between 2000 and 2010, nearly twice the national average. Only three states added more people. We are now the ninth largest state in the country.
With this growth has come increasing demands on state government to provide necessary services in such areas as education, transportation, health care, and environmental protection. It is important that these services be delivered in the most cost efficient and effective manner possible. In state dollars, our budget now stands at over $18 billion annually. Performance data provides information to ensure that funds are utilized to benefit all of Georgia's people. Updated every two years, Georgia In Perspective is a concise summary of data that provides policy makers a context for making resource allocation decisions, set policy, and determine if the policies implemented are having the desired effect.
The information is presented by policy area: Growing Georgia, Educated Georgia, Healthy Georgia, Safer Georgia, and Best Managed State. By grouping state services by policy area, it is possible to get a quick overview of the work of state government and state programs.
Captured in this one publication are some of the important trends and statistics with a national, regional or county comparison. The data offered in this publication provides an understanding of where we are as a state today and some of our past experience. Using performance and trend information, we can make better informed decisions that insure that future generations of Georgians will enjoy increasing prosperity as a result of policies that promote and sustain growth.
Sincerely,
Debbie Dlugolenski, Director Governor's Office of Planning and Budget
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
2011
CONTENTS
GROWING GEORGIA
7
Population growth and change y Migration y Demographics y Revenue y Job growth y Transportation and Logistics y Housing
HEALTHY GEORGIA
25
Health status y Lifestyle y Insurance y Developmental services in communities y Mortality rates by disease y Traffic fatalities
EDUCATED GEORGIA
43
Educational attainment y National assessments y Graduation y SAT/ACT y Teacher salaries y Technical Colleges y Universities
SAFE GEORGIA
63
Public safety y Judicial branch y GBI y Drug offenses y Juvenile crime and justice y Adult corrections y Reconvictions y Pardons and
Paroles
BEST-MANAGED GEORGIA
79
State spending y Debt management y Credit rating y State employment y Customer service y Commission for A New Georgia
GOVERNOR'S OFFICE of PLANNING & BUDGET
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
GROWING GEORGIA
2011
LEADING INDICATORS
As a growing state, with the 9th largest population in the nation, Georgia continues to attract new business. Georgia has superb logistics, a young and growing workforce, low operating costs, international business connections, an outstanding business
environment and a great quality of life.
(Georgia Department of Economic Development)
INDICATORS
Population Growth and Change
8
Population Migration and Distribution
10
Limited English Proficiency
12
Income and Gross Domestic Product
13
Household Income, Employment and Unemployment 14
TANF and Food Stamps
16
Homeownership and Housing
17
Jobs, Exports and Tourism Expenditures
18
Cargo and Airports
20
Public Transit
22
Energy Consumption and Clean Water
23
Air Quality
24
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 2011
GOVERNOR'S OFFICE of PLANNING & BUDGET
Population Growth and Change
Number of persons
12,000,000
Georgia's Population: 1900 to 2010
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Georgia has experienced rapid population growth over the past several decades. Overall, the state's population doubled during the period from 1960 to 2000.
During the 1960s Georgia's population grew by 16%, followed by rates of approximately 19% during each of the succeeding two decades.
During the 2000s Georgia ranked 7th in population growth among the states, growing by 18.3%, which was nearly twice the national average rate (9.7%).
Two of Georgia's metropolitan statistical areas rank among the country's 25 fastest growing this decade. Gainesville, with a growth rate of 35%, ranks 9th and Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, with a growth rate of 29%, ranks 18th among the nation's 366 metropolitan areas. Within the Atlanta MSA, six counties have experienced growth rates exceeding 50% (Barrow, Cherokee, Forsyth, Henry, Newton, and Paulding).
Two of the Savannah metropolitan area counties have also experienced rapid population expansion during the current decade; Effingham (43%) and Bryan (39%). Hall County, in the Gainesville metropolitan area, experienced a 35% growth rate.
Annual percent change
Annual Population Growth Rate: Georgia and the United States, 2001-2009
Georgia grew by approximately 1.6 million people between 2000 and 2009.
3.0%
2.6%
Georgia added approximately
2.5% 2.3%
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
2.1%
2.2%
1.7%
182,000 new residents each year between 2000 and 2009, making it the 4th fastest growing state in the nation.
1.5%
1.7%
1.4% The higher growth rate between 2005 and 2006 was
1.0%
due, in part, to migration fol-
1.03% 0.95% 0.88% 0.94% 0.92% 0.96% 1.00% 0.93% 0.86%
lowing Hurricane Katrina.
0.5%
Georgia's population growth
0.0% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
rate has slowed since 2008, as economic conditions changed.
United States
Georgia
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
A GROWING GEORGIA
8 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Population Growth and Change
Georgia's population increased at the second fastest pace among southeastern states between 2000 and 2010.
Between 2000 and 2010, Georgia's population grew by 18.3%, nearly twice the national growth rate of 9.7%.
Population growth rates among the southeastern states ranged from 4.3% in Mississippi to 18.5% in North Carolina between 2000 to 2010.
Percent Change
United States and Southeastern States Population
Growth Rate: 2000 to 2010
20%
18.5% 18.3% 17.6%
15%
9.7% 10%
15.3% 11.5% 7.5%
5%
4.3%
0%
United States North CarolinaGeorgia
Florida
South CarolinaTennessee Alabama
Mississippi
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Less than half (45%) of Georgia's population growth was due to natural increase between 2000 and 2009. The balance of the growth was due to net migration.
Net migration will continue to be the driving force for Georgia's population growth in the next two decades.
Population change occurs due to natural increase (number of births minus number of deaths) and net migration (people moving into the area minus people moving out).
Florida South Carolina
Components of Population Change: Southeast States 2000 to 2009
Net migration accounts for at least half of population growth in all of the southeastern states. The percentage of population growth attributable to net migration ranges from 50% in Alabama to 81% in Florida .
North Carolina Tennessee Ge or gia Alabam a 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Percent Change
Domestic Migration International Migration Natural Increase
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
A GROWING GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 9
Population Migration and Distribution by Race
Net Migration To Georgia by Place of Origin,
100% 88.4%
90%
84.8%
1990-2009
80% 70%
76.4%
75.0%
67.6%
60% 50%
54.7% 45.3%
50.7% 49.3%
Percent of total migration
40% 30% 20% 10%
11.6%
15.2%
23.6%
25.0%
32.4%
0% 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009
Domestic Migration International Migration
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Domestic migration was a
primary source of Georgia's population growth during the period between 1990 through 2008.
International migration out-
paced domestic migration between 2008 and 2009, reversing a long-standing trend. Between 2008 and 2009, approximately 26,604 domestic migrants and 27,346 international migrants moved to Georgia.
The number of domestic migrants slowed from 56,674 between 2007 and 2008 to 26,604 between 2008 and 2009.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security estimates that 480,000 unauthorized immigrants resided in Georgia in January 2009, more than double the 2000 estimate of 220,000.
Georgia ranks 9th among the states in the number of legal permanent residents, according to the Department of Homeland Security. In FY 2009, 28,396 legal permanent residents immigrated to Georgia.
Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: Georgia
2000
0.82% 0.22%
5.32% 0.04%
28.61%
2.14%
62.85%
2009
8.34%
1.21%
0.06%
0.26%
29.78%
57.47%
2.90%
Non-Hispanic White Asian Black or African America American Indian/ Alaskan Native
Two or more races Hispanic (any race) Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
A GROWING GEORGIA
10 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
In 2009, Non-Hispanic Whites represented more than half of Georgia's population (58%), which is slightly lower compared to 2000 (63%). Blacks represent the second largest race group, comprising 30% of the total population in 2009, consistent since 2000.
The Hispanic population nearly doubled between 2000 and 2009. The percentage of Asians increased from 2.1% to 2.9% and persons of two or more races increased from 0.8% to 1.2%.
Population Births and Age Distribution
Over this decade, the percentage of Black births has remained relatively constant, approximately one-third of total births.
Hispanic births in Georgia have increased as a percentage of total births this decade, from 10% in 2000 to 15% in 2008.
The fertility rate of women in Georgia was 71.1 in 2008, the highest in the Southeast. Fertility rates have risen since 2000. Nationally, the rate is 68.7.
Note: The fertility rate is defined as the number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years in a specified group.
Births by Race/Ethnicity: Georgia 2008
Hispanic 15%
Other 12%
Non-Hispanic White 42%
Black 31%
Source: Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health
As expected, Census figures indicate that the baby boom group (60-64 year olds), grew at the fastest pace (65%) between 2000 and 2009. In contrast, the 30-39 age group increased less than 5% during the same time frame.
The U.S. Census Bureau projects that by 2030, the 65 and over population will be twice as large as it was in 2000 and will number 72 million people, or 20% of the total population nationally.
Approximately 4 out of 5 seniors in the United States have one chronic health condition and half have two or more conditions. The conditions that most frequently limit activity among older Americans include arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and respiratory diseases. (Census Bureau)
Georgia has a relatively young population, with 36% of the residents under the age of 24 years.
Georgia has the 5th youngest population among the 50 states, with a median age of 34.7 years in 2009.
Georgia's elderly population continues to increase; residents who are over the age of 65 years account for 10.3% of the population, an increase of 29.2% since 2000.
Percent of Total Population
Age Distribution:
Georgia and the United States, 2009 35%
30% 26.3% 24.3%
25%
28.8%
27.1% 24.6%
25.9%
20%
15%
10.0% 9.9%
10%
11.1% 9.1%
5%
0% Under 18
18-24
1.2% 1.8%
25-44
45-64
65-84
85+
Age in years
Georgia United States
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
A GROWING GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 11
Limited English Proficiency
Percent of Georgia Students who are Limited English Proficient: School Year 2008-2009
Source: Georgia Department of Education
Statewide, a small portion of Georgia's public school students (6%) have limited proficiency in English. School systems vary greatly in the proportion of students who have limited English proficiency, from 0% to
30%. Nine school systems have 10% or more students with limited English proficiency (Gainesville City, Dalton
City, Marietta City, Hall County, Whitfield County, Gwinnett County, Buford City, Clarke County, and Gilmer County). Thirty school systems have between 5% and 9% of students with limited English proficiency and 63 systems have less than 1% of students with limited proficiency.
A GROWING GEORGIA
12 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Income and Gross Domestic Product
Georgia's per capita income increased by 28.2% from $26,359 in 1999 to $33,786 in 2009.
Per capita income in Georgia decreased in 2009, for the first time during the past decade, parallel to the national trend.
Nationally, the average per capita income has remained higher than Georgia's average since 1999.
Income in dollars
$45,000 $40,000
Per Capita Income: Georgia and the United States, 1999 - 2009
$39,138
$35,000 $30,000 $27,939
$33,786
$25,000 $26,359 $20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Georgia
United States
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts
Georgia ranked 1st in the nation for its workforce in America's Top States for Businesses, a study conducted annually by CNBC. In the same study, Georgia ranked 3rd for its cost of living and transportation.
Georgia's cost of living makes the state attractive to growing businesses.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced by a state.
In Georgia, per capita GDP peaked twice during the past decade, at $40,062 in 2000 and $39,918 in 2005. Per capita GDP declined by 7.8% in Georgia between 2007 and 2009, from $39,761 to $36,677.
Chained 2000 dollars
Per Capita Real Gross Domestic Product: United States and Georgia, 1999-2009
$44,000
$43,189 $43,308
$41,000 $38,000
$43,646
$40,062
$41,675
$42,449
$39,329
$39,674 $40,167
$39,918 $39,761
$39,863 $39,774 $39,348
$39,577
$38,587
$39,280
$39,673 $38,363
$42,031 $36,677
Note: Chained (constant) 2005 dollars is an economic term used to define the level of real GDP by setting it equal to the GDP of a selected base year and then "chaining" forward and backward from the base year to calculate growth rates.
$35,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
United States
Georgia
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts
A GROWING GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 13
Median Household Income and Employment
Income in Dollars
Median Household Income: Georgia and the United States, 1999-2008
Georgia's median household income of
$55,000
$50,834 is the highest
$50,000
$52,029
$50,740
$48,451
$50,834
among Southeastern states.
$46,242 $45,893
$49,136
Nationally, Georgia
$45,000
$43,915
$43,848 $42,900
$43,318 $42,409
$46,832 $45,604
ranks in the middle (24th) for median house-
$40,000
$43,695
$42,057$42,006 $42,359 $42,421 $39,910
hold income. In 2008, among the
country's 3,143 coun-
$35,000
ties, two of Georgia counties ranked among
$30,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
the top 50 for median income; Forsyth (18th) and Fayette (33rd) .
Georgia
United States
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce
Household income as well as per capita income rise significantly as educational attainment increases (U.S. Census Bureau).
Georgia has a young and growing workforce with more than half the population between the ages of 25 and 64 years of age.
A younger population contributes to a growing workforce, currently estimated to be at 5.2 million.
Employment by Major Industry: Georgia 2000 and 2009
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
Trade, Manu- Finance, Public Construction Other Natural
Transportation,facturingProfessional, Admini-
Utilities
Business stration
Services Resources, Mining
Services
2000 2009
Source: Georgia Statistics System, University of Georgia
A GROWING GEORGIA
14 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Employment declined 2.1% in Georgia between 2000 and 2009.
Employment in the manufacturing industry decreased by 33% between 2000 to 2009.
The percentage of jobs in the public sector remained relatively stable between 2000 (5.5%) and 2009 (6.4%).
The service sector posted the largest gain in employment this decade.
Note: Other services include leisure and hospitality, information, education and health.
Unemployment and Poverty Rate
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the unemployment rate in Georgia increased by 66.6% between June 2008 and June 2010.
Georgia's unemployment rate increased from 9.7% in June 2009 to 10.0% in June 2010.
Georgia's unemployment rate exceeded the national average every month during the past two years. In June 2010 Georgia's unemployment rate was 10.0% compared to 9.5% nationally.
Unemployment rate
Monthly Unemployment Rate: Georgia and the United States June 2008-June 2010
11
10.0%
10
Ge or gia
9 8 7 6.0%
US Average
9.5%
6
5 5.5% 4
3
2
J un-0 8 Aug -08 Oct-08 Dec-08 Feb-09 Apr-09 J un-0 9 Aug -09 Oct-09 Dec-09 Feb-10 Apr-10 J un-1 0
Georgia
United States
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, State and Local Unemployment
The annual unemployment rates among Georgia counties vary greatly from 5.6% in Long County up to 17.8% in Jenkins County. For Jenkins County, that means more than 1 out of every 6 workers was out of work and actively looking for a job in 2009.
Percent living below income threshold
Poverty Rate:
The poverty rate measures the percentage of people or
20%
Georgia and the United States, 2003-2009
families who are below the
income threshold specified by
the federal government. The
15%
threshold varies by family size
and composition (see chart
below graph).
10%
The percent of Georgia's
families living below the
5%
poverty threshold has
remained above the national
rate in recent years.
0%
Georgia's poverty rate (16.5%) in 2009 ranked 12th highest
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Georgia United States
2008
2009
among the 50 states, and
higher than the national rate
(14.3%)
Size of Family Unit 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Threshold ($)
10,830 14,570 18,310 22,050 25,790 29,530 33,270 37,010
Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey
A GROWING GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 15
TANF and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Number of Cases
25,000 24,000 23,000 22,000 21,000 20,000 19,000 18,000
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Georgia, July 2007- May 2010
23,778 22,538
21,231 21,467
20,911 20,905
20,018
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) is a monthly cash assistance program for low income families and children under the age of 18.
The number of TANF cases decreased 15.8% from 23,778 in July 2007 to 20,018 in May 2010.
Jul 07 Jan 08 Jul 08 Jan 09 Jul 09 Jan 10 May 10
Source: Georgia Department of Human Services, Division of Family and Children's Services
The average amount a family received in food stamp assistance in 2009 was $303 per month. To qualify for food stamps, a household's resources may not exceed the following: checking accounts, savings accounts, and savings bonds with a combined value of no more than $2,000 (Department of Human Services).
Georgia ranks 14th among the states in the increase in food stamp participation between 2009 and 2010.
Number of food stamps distributed
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly Food Stamps): Georgia, July 2007- May 2010
800,000
700,000
658,911
600,000 500,000
402,330
500,954
581,710
695,062
400,000
435,804
300,000
385,577
200,000
100,000
0 Jul 07 Jan 08 Jul 08 Jan 09 Jul 09 Jan 10 May 10
Source: Georgia Department of Human Services, Division of Family and Children's Services
A GROWING GEORGIA
16 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Between July 2007 and May 2010, the number of families seeking food assistance through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) program increased by 80.3%.
In the last year (May 2009 to May 2010), the state added more than 10,000 new SNAP cases each month.
Note: Cases can include one person or entire families: the actual number of persons receiving assistance is likely higher.
Homeownership and Housing Values
Georgia's homeownership rate has fluctuated slightly this decade from a high of 68.5% in 2007 to a low of 66.8% in 2005.
Nationally homeownership rates rose gradually this decade with a dip in 2005, similar to Georgia.
Homeownership rates are the number of owner-occupied housing units divided by the total occupied housing units.
Percent of Units Occupied by Owner
Homeownership Rates: Georgia and the United States, 2000-2009
75%
73%
71% 69% 67% 65% 63%
67.2% 67.9% 68.3% 67.7% 66.8%67.7% 68.5% 67.4% 67.0% 66.0%
65.3%
65.7% 66.4% 66.8% 67.1%66.9% 67.3% 67.2%66.6% 65.9%
61%
59%
57%
55%
2000
2001
2002
2003 2004 Georgia
2005 2006 2007 United States
2008
2009
Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey
Georgia has the 8th highest rate of foreclosure in the nation. As of June 2010, there were 12,037 filings, representing 1 in every 334 housing units.
The 10 counties with the greatest number of foreclosures in Georgia include Fulton, Gwinnett, DeKalb, Cobb, Clayton, Henry, Cherokee, Hall, Chatham, and Douglas.
Median housing values peaked nationally and in Georgia in 2007, but have declined each year since that time.
Median housing costs in Georgia have remained below average costs nationally.
Adequate, affordable housing is important as it helps foster safer, more equitable, productive, and healthier communities.
U.S. Dollars
Median Housing Values: Georgia and the United States, 2000-2009
$200,000
$185,200
$160,000 $120,467
$120,000 $113,526
$80,000
$162,800
$40,000
$0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Georgia
United States
Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey
A GROWING GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 17
Jobs and Agricultural Exports
Number of jobs
4,200,000
Number of Non-Agricultural Jobs:
Georgia, 2000-2009
4,102,200
The number of nonagricultural jobs increased from 3.8 million in 2003 to 4.1 million in 2007.
4,000,000
3,943,200
4,001,200
4,089,100
4,145,500 Since 2007 non-agricultural jobs in Georgia declined from 4.1 million to 3.8 million.
3,949,300 3,800,000
3,844,900 3,869,500
3,898,500
3,876,600
3,600,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Georgia has the 10th largest economy among the states.
Georgia ranked among the top 10 states in exports of 7 agricultural products in 2009. The state was first in exports of peanuts and poultry, second in cotton, and third in tree nuts.
Source: Georgia Statistics System, University of Georgia
Net farm income in Georgia increased by one-third between 2000 and 2008, from $2.1 billion to $2.8 billion. (USDA, Economic Research Service, Farm Income Data Sets)
The Vidalia onion is Georgia's state vegetable; the Vidalia name was coined by tourists who bought the sweet onion at the Vidalia Farmers market. The onion is grown exclusively in a 20-county region in Georgia.
Thousands of dollars
$10,000,000 $9,000,000
Value of Agricultural Sector Production: Georgia, 2000-2008
$8,815,429
$8,000,000 $7,000,000 $6,000,000 $5,000,000
$6,324,076
$7,276,843 $7,123,510
$8,027,427
$7,076,944
$5,805,745
$6,171,272
$5,316,537
$4,000,000
$3,000,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Source: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
A GROWING GEORGIA
18 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Top Five Agricultural Commodities in 2009: -Broilers -Cotton -Chicken Eggs -Peanuts -Greenhouse/nursery
Georgia is the nation's leading pecan producing state. Albany and Dougherty County are known as the "pecan capital of the world" due to the large number of pecan trees in the area.
Note: Value of agricultural sector production is the gross value of the commodities and services produced within a year.
Exports and Direct Tourism Expenditures
Canada, China, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and Japan are Georgia's top 5 trade partners. Georgia exports more than one billion in exports with each of these countries.
Top Five Georgia Exports in 2009: -Transportation equipment -Machinery -Chemicals -Paper products -Computers and electronic products
Thousands of dollars
Value of Exports: Georgia 2000-2009
$$$$$$21231500550,,,,,,000000000000000000,,,,,,000000$0000000000000
$27,513,962
$14,925,063 $14,424,428
$20,656,953
$23,743,042 $23,365,865
$19,720,454 $20,113,252
$16,282,341
$14,643,686
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: US Department of Commerce, Trade Statistics Express
Georgia exported to 210 destinations in 2009 and is ranked 12th in the nation in terms of export value.
The state cultivates strong tourism through convention and conference business, coastal tourism and the world's busiest airport.
The United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, France, and South Korea are the top five origin countries for international visitors to Georgia.
Direct tourism expenditures per day in Georgia: $56.9 million.
According to the Georgia Department of Economic Development, tourism generates 241,500 jobs in the state.
The state and local benefit (via tax savings and revenues) in Georgia from tourism expenditures is $518 per household.
Expenditures in billions of dollars
Direct Tourism Expenditures: Georgia, 1998-2008
$22 $20.8
$20.2 $20
$18
$16
$14 $13.6
$12
$15.5
$17.7 $16.6
$14.5
$15.4
$14.5 $14.1 $13.9
$10 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: The Travel Industry Association
A GROWING GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 19
Cargo: Sea Ports and Airports
30,000
Total Annual Tonnage: Georgia Ports, CY 2005-CY 2009
1,000'short tons
25,000 20,000 15,000
5,098
5,542
5,173
5,176
3,614
10,000 5,000
14,120
15,382
19,269
20,239
18,465
0 2005
2006
Container
Source: Georgia Ports Authority
2007 Calendar Year
2008
2009
Non-container
The Port of Savannah ranks 4th among U.S. container ports in volume.
Northeast Asia was the fastest growing trade lane between Calendar Years 2005 and 2009 for the Port of Savannah.
The Port of Brunswick is one of the top six auto ports in the country and the second largest grain facility on the East Coast.
Georgia's deepwater ports and inland barge terminals contribute over 286,000 jobs and $55.8 billion in total sales.
The Port of Savannah is projected to have a capacity of 6.5 million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) by the year 2020.
Hartsfield-Jackson has three main air cargo complexes which maintain more than 1.5 million square feet of air cargo handling space; ranking 12th in the nation in total cargo in 2009. Cargo operations create 176,000 jobs and generate $35 billion in revenue, according to the airport's 2009 Annual Report.
Metric Tons
1,000,000
Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport: Total Cargo, 1999-2009
900,000 800,000
883,123
867,319 798,501
860,703
746,502
700,000 600,000
741,510 734,084
767,897
715,359 655,277
563,139
500,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
The total cargo handled at Hartsfield-Jackson declined between 2004 and 2009, but began to improve during the first months of 2010.
Hartsfield-Jackson houses a U.S. Department of Agriculture-approved Perishables Complex, one of a kind in the Southeast United States.
Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport's economic impact was more than $32.6 billion in 2009.
Note: Total cargo is composed of freight, express and mail.
Source: Department of Aviation, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
A GROWING GEORGIA
20 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Airport Travelers and Freeway Travel Times
Hartsfield-Jackson is the world's busiest passenger airport, followed by Chicago O'Hare International Airport.
Hartsfield-Jackson hosts 31 passenger airlines and 19 cargo airlines.
Construction of HartsfieldJackson's new 12 gate International Terminal is creating 3,000 trade, professional and administrative jobs.
Hartsfield-Jackson is the first airport in the US to open a rental car center and people mover simultaneously, eliminating 125 shuttle buses.
Millions of passengers
Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport: Total Passengers, 2000-2009
95
90
90
89
86
86
85
85
84
80
80
79
77 76
75
70
65 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: Department of Aviation, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
In 2010, Hartsfield-Jackson was named the Worlds' Most Efficient Airport by the Air Transport Research Society. In 2009, the airport earned the Airports Council International-North American Concessions Person of the Year and Best Convenience Retail Program awards.
Reasons why businesses continue to choose Georgia: 1) superb logistics, 2) young and growing workforce, 3) low operating costs, 4) international business connections, 5) outstanding business environment and 6) great quality of life.
There are a total of 104 local, regional and business airports in Georgia. Local and business airports that meet the recommended length are helping bring business to rural Georgia and foster economic development.
Georgia continues to attract new business, with help from airports that enable business prospects to fly directly to the city or county in which they are doing business.
Number of airports
Number of Airports Meeting State Recommendation for
Runway Length, by Airport Type:
45
40
36
Georgia, 2005-2010
36
37
38
39
40
35
30 25
19 20 15 11
20 11
21 12
22 13
23 16
26 18
10
5
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Local Airports 4000' Runw ay
Business Airports 5000' Runw ay
Regional Airports 5500' Runw ay
Source: Georgia Department of Transportation, Aviation Programs
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 21
Public Transit
Millions of Trips
Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) Annual Unlinked Trips (Millions), 2000-
2009
180
170 167.1
160
164.1 159.3
156.5
150
147.5 150.9
140
142.7 136.1 142.3 138.4
130
120
110
100
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Ye ar
The annual number of passenger trips on MARTA decreased between 2000 (167.1 million trips) and 2004 (136.1 million) but rebound to 156.5 million in 2009.
The annual unlinked trips is the number of times a year individuals board a bus or train, including transfers.
The number of passenger trips per transit service hour on MARTA decreased from 53 in 2000 to 49 in 2008.
Source: National Transit Database, Federal Transit Administration
Georgia has expanded the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and Highway Emergency Response Operators (HERO) coverage to more safely and efficiently clear traffic incidents that disrupt the flow of traffic and cause delays. Roadway clearance time in Metropolitan Atlanta for passenger vehicles declined from 29.8 minutes in 2002 to 9.3 minutes in 2008.
Investing in Tomorrow's Transportation Today, or IT3, established in June of 2008, is charged with developing transportation strategies to improve access and mobility for Georgians. This business case analysis will give legislators and state planners a clear understanding of how to invest in transportation infrastructure and services that will yield positive returns for Georgia's citizens, businesses and visitors.
Freeway planning time index score
Freeway Planning Time Index:
2.20
Georgia, 2002-2008
1.98
2.00
1.93
1.91
1.83
1.80
1.72
1.60
1.68
1.62
1.53 1.40
AM (7:30 a.m. - 8:30 a.m.)
2.02 1.93
1.77 1.80
1.72
1.57
PM (5:00 p.m. - 6:00 p.m.)
1.20 2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
The Planning Time Index (PTI) helps a traveler plan for the amount of time it will take to make a trip under congested conditions relative to free flow conditions so that the traveler can arrive on time 95% of the time. The higher the PTI number, the less reliable the travel time.
The PTI increased between 2002 and 2006, but indicates improving conditions in both 2007 and 2008.
Ratio of the 95th percentile travel time PTI=
Free-flow travel time of segment of freeway system
Source: The Georgia Regional Transportation Authority, 2009 Transportation Metropolitan Atlanta Performance Report
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22 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Four main fuel types contribute to Georgia's total energy consumption: coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity fuels such as nuclear, hydropower and wood.
The average amount of energy each Georgian uses decreased by 11% between 2004 to 2008.
Georgia ranked 31st among the 50 states for per capita total energy consumption in 2008.
Million Btu per capita
Energy Consumption and Clean Water
Per Capita Energy Consumption Georgia: 2000-2008
370 363.3
360
353.7
351.1 348.9
350
341.9
342.3
337.6 340
328.7
330
320
310.9
310
300
290
280 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Source: Energy Information Administration and Bureau of Economic Analysis
"America's Best Places for Alternative Energy", a study conducted annually by Forbes, ranked Georgia as the 3rd best state for alternative energy from biomass.
Pollutants that cause water quality standard violations can pose risks to human health, impact fish and wildlife populations and decrease the recreational quality of these waters.
Total number of river miles in Georgia: 70,150.
Total number of river miles assessed in 2006-2007: 13,107.
In 2006-2007, 42% of the assessed river miles met water quality standards and supported designated uses. In 2004-2005, 43% of assessed miles supported designated uses.
Note: Water quality standards define the goals for a water body by designating its uses and setting criteria to protect those uses, including limits that define acceptable amounts of specific pollutants.
River Miles
14,000 12,000
River Miles Assessed That Meet Water Quality
Standards in Georgia, 1992-2008
13,107 11,287 11,823 12,342
10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0
9,996
6,242 4,054 4,025 2,889
1,165 2,217
8,197 4,473 3,724
8,573 5,198 3,375
5,983 4,013
6,387 4,900
6,871 4,952
6,983 5,359
7,628 5,479
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Miles fully supporting standards
Miles not fully supporting standards
Total Miles Assessed Each Year
Source: Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 23
Air Quality
Number of Days
Number of Days Air Quality Index Values Greater than 100: Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, 1999-2008
100 88
90
80
70
66
60
50
39 41
40
40 37 30
30
23 21
24
20
10 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
The number of days the Air Quality Index exceeded 100 in the Atlanta metropolitan area has fluctuated over the last decade, but in 2008 (24) was well below the number of days experienced in 1999 (88) and 2000 (66).
Sources that contribute to ozone levels include both mobile (automobiles and trucks) and stationary (power plants and industry) sources.
Commute alternatives include vanpools, carpools, teleworking and public transit.
Note: Sensitive groups (people with lung or heart disease) may experience health effects when the air quality index exceeds 100.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Ozone and Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM-2.5) are the only two pollutants for which Georgia continues to be in "non-attainment status". Non-attainment occurs when the area in question does not meet the air quality standards set by the U.S. EPA. Georgia currently has 28 counties in non-attainment status. Air quality levels continue to improve, therefore, Georgia expects to attain these standards set in 1997 and request re-designation back to attainment in 2011 or 2012.
Ozone and particulate matter, at increased levels, can cause or worsen health problems such as asthma, bronchitis, respiratory illnesses and nonfatal heart attacks.
Air quality standards may become more stringent by EPA if new scientific data indicates lower levels are necessary to protect public health.
Concentration of PM - 2.5
Particulate Matter (PM-2.5) Concentration Levels:
21 19.5
Georgia, 1999-2009
17.9
18
16.8
15.6 14.3 14.3 15.0 15.1 15.2
14.3
15
12.1
12
9
6
3
0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
P articulate M atter (P M -2.5) in Geo rgia
Natio nal A ir Quality Standard fo r P M -2.5
Particulate Matter 2.5 is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Fine particulate matter is less than 2.5 microns in diameter.
Georgia continues efforts to reduce PM-2.5 emissions. Such efforts have resulted in air quality within the national standard during the two most recent years.
The Georgia Clean Air Campaign offers financial incentives to Georgians who use commute alternatives, including commuter cash and prizes as well as carpool rewards.
Source: Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Ambient Monitoring Program
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24 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
HEALTHY GEORGIA
2011
LEADING INDICATORS
Georgia has successfully increased access for the uninsured and underserved in Georgia through its safety net clinics. Georgia invested $8.15 million in state funds to expand Safety Net Clinics throughout the state and received $20.2 million from the federal government.
INDICATORS
Health Status of Georgians
26
Oral Health
27
Insurance Status
28
Georgia Physicians and Safety Net Clinics
29
Emergency Room Utilization
30
Mental Health
31
Vaccinations
32
Teen Birth Rate and Low Birthweight Babies
33
Obesity
34
Smoking
35
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
36
Cancer Screenings
37
Cancer Mortality
38
HIV/AIDS and Pneumonia Mortality
40
Georgia Trauma Network
41
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 2011
GOVERNOR'S OFFICE of PLANNING & BUDGET
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Health Status of Georgians
State Score
Georgia Index of Health Compared to Nationally
Ranked States, 1999-2010
30
25
20
M N NH
MN
NH M N M N MN
MN
15
HI
VT
VT
VT
10
5
M T & CA AK
MT
PA
PA
IL
CA
PA PA
0
M T NY M
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
-5
33r d
-10
-15
35th 36th
40th
4 1s t
4 5t h
43r d
42nd
40th 41st
43r d 36th
-20
LA
MS
LA
MS
AR
MS
-25
LA
MS
LA
MS
LA
MS
-30
-35
Rank 1
Rank 25
Rank 50
Georgia
Source: United Health Foundation, America's Health Rankings 2009
America's Health RankingsTM combines individual measures of each of the determinants (personal behaviors, clinical care, community environment and public and health policy) into one comprehensive measure of the state's health.
In 2010, Georgia's health ranking among the states increased to 36th compared to 43rd in 2009. The state's strengths include low prevalence of binge drinking, and few mental and physical health days lost per month.
Note: Scores indicate the percentage a state is above or below the national norm. For example, a state with a score of 20 is 20% above the national average for that component. A negative score means the state is below the national average.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, life style choices have the greatest impact on a person's health.
Georgia ranks 28th among the states on the percentage of adults participating in exercise (75.7%), compared to the national average of 76.3%, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Over the past decade the percentage of adults in Georgia reporting their health as either excellent or very good declined from 62.3% in 1997 to 53.0% in 2009.
Factors Influencing Health Status
Health Care 10%
Lif es ty le 51%
Environment 19%
Human Biology 20%
Environmental factors impacting health include housing, access to food, income distribution, transportation means, and racial disparities, as well as physical conditions such as air quality.
Lifestyle factors include behavioral risk factors such as smoking, obesity, stress, nutrition, blood pressure, and alcohol and drug use.
Health care factors include insurance status, prenatal care, immunizations and dental care.
Source: Georgia Health Policy Center, Georgia State University and National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
26 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Oral Health
Between 2000 and 2008, the number of dentists per capita in Georgia decreased by 17.9%.
The Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry is the only dental school in Georgia. The most recent class graduated 56 dentists.
Georgia was one of 16 states to receive federal funding for FY 2009 from the CDC to improve basic state oral health services. The goal was to strengthen state-based public health programs that are critical to oral health.
Rate per 100,000 population
Number of Dentists per Capita in Georgia and the
United States, 2000-2008
85 80
75
65
63.6 60.9
59.4
55 50
45.6 45
35 2000
2004
2008
Georgia
United States
Source: Health Resources and Services Administration and Kaiser Family Foundation, State Health Facts
Over the last 30 years, 85% of graduates from Georgia's dental program have remained in Georgia to practice.
According to the American Dental Association, Georgia is one of only 10 states that require a dental exam before children start school.
Dental disease places children at risk for expensive chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Maternal dental problems can lead to increased risk of low birth weight in infants.
Dental sealants help prevent caries (dental decay) in risk groups and cost approximately one-third ($27) the cost of an average filling ($73).
Oral Health of Georgia's Children: Results from the 2005 Georgia Third Grade Oral Health Survey:
1 in 2 (56%) 3rd grade children in Georgia have caries (dental decay) experience.
1 in 4 (27%) 3rd grade children in Georgia have untreated dental decay.
Children from rural areas and suburban Atlanta are most likely to have caries experience.
Only Metropolitan Atlanta (20%) met the Healthy People 2010 objective for untreated dental decay.
Percent
Percent of Georgia Third Graders who Have Ever Had
Caries and/or Untreated Dental Decay by Region, 2005
70% 60%
61%
62%
57%
50%
46%
40%
36%
30% 20%
20%
25%
23%
10%
0% Metropolitan Suburban Atlanta Small Cities Atlanta
Rural
Untreated Caries
Caries Experience
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 27
Insurance Status
Health Insurance Coverage: 2009
Georgia, 2009
United States, 2009
52%
19%
2% 9%
49%
17% 1% 12%
13% 5%
16% 5%
Employer Uninsured Other/Public
Medicare Medicaid Individual
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation, State Health Facts
Approximately 1.8 million (19%) Georgians are uninsured, ranking Georgia 7th among the states for the highest percentage of uninsured.
More than half of all Georgians (52%) have employer sponsored health insurance coverage, slightly higher than the national average (49%).
The cost of employer based health insurance premiums increased 131% between 1999 and 2009.
The number of Georgians covered by Medicaid increased by 9% between June 2008 and June 2009.
Nearly 40% of the uninsured population in the United States reside in households that earn $50,000 or more annually (U.S. Census Bureau).
Number Enrolled
Average Monthly Medicaid and PeachCare
Enrollment: Georgia FY 2000 to FY 2009
1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000
800,000
947,054
1,353,569
600,000
400,000 200,000
58,891
205,548
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Fiscal Year
Medicaid
PeachCare
Average monthly Medicaid enrollment in Georgia increased 43% between FY 2000 and FY 2009, from 947,054 to 1,353,569.
Enrollment in PeachCare, Georgia's Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollment increased each year during the past decade, until 2008 when enrollment began to decrease. Enrollment declined from 273,659 in FY 2007 to 205,548 in FY 2009.
Georgia ranks 15th among the states with respect to the highest number of children enrolled in Medicaid/CHIP.
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Kaiser State Health Facts
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28 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Georgia Physicians and Safety Net Clinics
Georgia ranked 40th in the nation with respect to the number of physicians per capita in 2009; a decline from 38th in 2002, according to American Medical Association.
Primary care specialties include pediatrics, internal medicine, family medicine and OB/GYN.
The rate of pediatricians per 100,000 population was nearly two times greater in urban areas than in rural areas in 2006.
Note: Data for 2008 is provisional.
Number per 100,000 population
Specialty Physicians per 100,000 Population in Georgia, 1994-2008
220
202
170 182
192
193
192
193
202 200
120
70 68.5 75.8 80.9
83
85.4 88.7 81.6 80.2
20 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Physicians, all specialities
Primary Care Speciality
Source: Georgia Board of Physicians Workforce, Kaiser State Health Facts
Safety net clinics include the following in Georgia: Federally Qualified Health Centers, Free Clinics, Georgia Farm Worker Health Programs, Georgia Volunteer Health Care Program, Rural Health Clinics and the Rural Health Safety Net Project.
Nearly 78% of counties in Georgia have some type of safety net clinic; however, 35 counties (22%) have no safety net clinic available to serve its residents.
After investing $8.15 million in state funds for safety net clinics between FY 2006 and FY 2009, Georgia received $20.2 million from the federal government.
Number of Safety Net Clinics in Georgia Counties: 2007
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 29
Emergency Room Utilization
Emergency Room Visits Per 100,000 Population Georgia Counties: 2008
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health, OASIS
Georgia ranks 20th among the states with respect to the lowest number of emergency room visits per 100,000 population.
According to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), the average emergency room visit in the U.S. cost $1,038 in 2007.
One out of four hospital emergency rooms (26.1%) in Georgia is owned by state or local government compared to the national average of 16.6%, resulting in a ranking of 12th among the states with the highest proportion of ER rooms owned by government agencies.
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
30 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Mental Health
The rate at which Georgians
used mental health services between 2003 and 2008 declined from 18.13 per 1,000 residents to 14.08.
The rate at which hospital
based mental health services were used by state residents declined 32%, from 1.7 per 1,000 to 1.2 per 1,000 between 2003 and 2008.
The state of Georgia instituted
the Georgia Crisis and Access Line in 2006 in order to centralize and improve access to mental health services.
Mental Health Utilization Rates per 1,000 Population:
Georgia 2003-2008
22
17
18.1 17.6
17.7 18.2
17.7 17.0
16.7 17.2
15.0 15.8
13. 5 14. 1
12
Rate per 1,000 Population
7
1.72 2
1.77
1.90
1.67
1.5
1.17
2003 -3
2004
2005
2006
2007
Hospital Utilization rate per 1,000 population
2008
Community Utilization rate per 1,000 population
Total Utilization rate per 1,000 population
Source: SAMSHA Mental Health Community Services Block Grant Uniform Report System
In 2008, 26% of mental health patients were re-admitted to a state hospital within 180 days, higher than
the national average of 21%.
18.8% of families who have children with special health care needs pay $1,000 or more out of pocket for medical expenses annually and 23.8% have conditions that require a family member to reduce work hours or leave the labor force.
Georgia's hospitalization and discharge rate of patients with mental health disorders peaked in 2003 at 590.6 per 100,000 population, followed by a steady decline until 2008.
The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that approximately 1 in 4 adults suffer from a diagnosable mental health disorder each year, including depression.
Georgia provides crisis services, outpatient services, community support services, residential support and day and employment services.
Discharges per 100,0000 population
Georgia Hospital Discharge Rates for Mental and
Behavioral Disorders, 2000-2008
620
600
590.6
580.4 580
560
546.6
540 524.7 544.3
520
544.8 520.6
520.0
500 502.4
480
460 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Ye ar
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health, OASIS
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 31
Vaccinations: Children and Adults
Percent Vaccinated
Childhood Vaccinations, for Children 19-35 months of age: Georgia and the United States, 2002-2008
100%
90% 80% 70% 60%
76.5% 74.6% 72.5%
82.0% 76.0%
82.4% 76.1%
81.3% 76.9%
65.5%
79.6% 76.1%
77.4% 71.9%
69.3% 69.9%
50%
2002
2003
2004 2005 2006 2007
Georgia
United States
2008
2009
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Survey
All children attending day care or school are required to be vaccinated against: diphtheria, polio, measles, mumps, tetanus and rubella, Hib, Hepatitis B, varicella, as well as pneumonia and pertussis.
Georgia ranks 36th among the states for percentage of children 19-35 months of age who are vaccinated.
Georgia ranks 5th among the six southeast states for the percentage of children vaccinated; this is a decline from 1st over the past few years.
Note: The methodology for reporting Hib vaccination status was revised in 2009, while at the same time there was a national shortage of available Hib vaccine. These factors impacted vaccination rates at the state and national levels.
To overcome barriers to vaccination, Georgia's public health departments remind parents when their children's vaccinations are due; offer extended clinic hours; provide vaccinations on a walk-in basis; and distribute educational materials on immunization.
Infections caused by pneumococci are a major cause of death and disease globally. Pneumococcal vaccinations in Georgia are given year round and usually only has to be administered once after the age of 65 years. Some adults with weakened immune systems may receive more than one dose over their lifetime.
Percent of Adults 65 and over
Percentage of Adults 65 years and Older Vaccinated For Pneumococcal Disease, United States and Georgia, 1995-2008
Pneumonia and meningitis are the most common manifestations of invasive pneumococcal disease. Bac-
75.0
teria spread in the respira-
70.0 65.0 60.0 55.0
tory tract to cause ear infec-
63.0 64.5
64.6 65.7 66.8
67.2
66.9
tion, sinusitis or recurrent
60.2 61.3
55.0
57.0 57.9 57.3
65.2
60.5
62.5 63.1 63.6 59.4
bronchitis (World Health Organization).
The highest rate of
50.0
48.5
49.7
pneumococcal disease oc-
45.0
48.5
curs in the elderly and young
40.0
37.8
35.0
30.0 1995 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
children and affects those suffering from chronic conditions and weakened immune systems.
Ye ar United States
Georgia
65.2% of elderly Georgians were vaccinated against pneumococcal disease in
2008.
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2008 and CDC WONDER
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32 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Teen Birth Rate and Low Birthweight Babies
In 2007, Georgia ranked 11th nationally in the rate of teen births and had the second highest rate among its southeast neighbors Tennessee had the highest.
Georgia's teen birth rate is consistently higher compared to the national rate.
Georgia's teen birth rate steadily decreased between 1997 and 2005. After increases in 2006 and 2007, the teen birth rate again registered a decrease in 2008.
Rate per 1,000 population
Teen Birth Rate:
Georgia and the United States, 1997-2008
80
75
70 65 65.5 63.9 63.4 62.6 60 55
60 55.6 53.4 53.3 52.3 54.1
54.8 51.7
50 45
51.3
50.3 48.8 47.7
45.3
40
43
35
41.6 41.1 40.5 41.9 42.5 41.5
30 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Georgia
United States
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health ,OASIS and CDC National Center for Health Statistics
Children born to teen mothers are more likely to be born preterm and low birthweight, as well as to be born into families with limited educational and economic resources (Kids Count Data Book 2010).
Educating expectant mothers about smoking cessation during pregnancy, prenatal care, eating right and appropriate weight gain can help deter low birthweight. Socioeconomic factors must also be considered; low birthweight babies and teen mothers are more likely to use Medicaid and state services.
Low birthweight babies weigh less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces and face an increased risk of death, long-term disability and developmental delays.
Georgia's low birthweight rate increased to 9.4% in 2005 and has remained fairly stable since that year.
Georgia's percentage of infants born at low birthweight has exceeded the national average each year during the past decade.
Percent
Percent of Babies Born Low Birthweight (percent of total births): Georgia and the United States, 1997-2008
12% 10% 8.8% 8.6% 8.7% 8.5% 8.8% 9.0% 9.0% 8.9% 9.4% 9.6% 9.5% 9.6%
8% 7.5% 7.6% 7.6% 7.6% 7.7% 7.8% 7.9% 8.1% 8.2% 8.3% 8.2% 8.2% 6%
4%
2%
0%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Georgia
United States
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health, Office of Vital Records, CDC National Center for Health Statistics
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 33
Obesity: Children, Youth and Adults
Percent of High School Students
Percent of Georgia High School Students who are Obese, 2003-2009
23.0%
17.0% 11.0%
11.1%
12.4% `
13.8%
12.4%
5.0%
2003
2005
Ye ar
2007
2009
A child who is classified as obese has a body mass index (BMI) for age and gender that is greater than or equal to the 95th percentile.
In 2009, 12.4% of Georgia's high school students were obese.
Until the early 1990's, Type II diabetes was rarely diagnosed in children; today nearly half of the newly diagnosed patients with Type II diabetes are children.
In 2009, one out of seven Georgia middle school students (15%) were obese.
Source: CDC, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System and DCH, Division of Public Health
Many factors, including poor diet and physical inactivity have contributed to the rise in both adult and youth obesity.
The Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health estimates the annual cost of obesity in Georgia at $2.1 billion, or approximately $250 per Georgian each year.
Percent of Adults
Percent of Adults Who are Obese: Georgia and the United States, 2000-2009
40.0%
35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0%
21.5% 22.7% 23.5% 25.2% 24.7% 26.5% 27.1% 28.7% 27.8% 27.7% 20.0% 20.9% 21.9% 22.9% 23.2% 24.4% 25.1% 26.3% 26.7% 26.9%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Ye ar
Adult obesity is defined by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater.
Obesity increases the risk of many diseases and health conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia and some cancers.
Georgia was ranked as the 23rd most obese state in the nation in 2009.
United States
Georgia
Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
34 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Smoking in Georgia: Youth and Adults
Approximately 19,000 (5%) of middle school students and 72,000 (17%) high school students in Georgia smoke cigarettes.
The percentage of students who have tried smoking has declined 32% among middle school students and 18% among high school students since 2003.
Tobacco use in adolescence is associated with other risky behaviors including sexual behavior and alcohol and drug use.
Note: The dashed line in the chart indicates the gap in years for which Georgia did not collect data for the national survey (between 1993 and 2003).
Percent of youth who smoke
Percentage of high school students who smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days, Georgia and the US, 1991-2009
40%
37%
34% 31%
30.5%
28% 27.5% 25% 23.8% 22% 19% 16% 13%
24.3%
21.9% 20.9%
23.0% 20.0%
17.2%
18.6%
19.5% 17.0%
10%
1991
1993
2003
2005
Ye ar
Georgia
2007
2009
US
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health, Office of Vital Records and CDC National Youth Risk Behavioral Factor Surveillance System
In 2005, Georgia banned smoking in all public places, except bars or restaurants that do not serve children, mandated separate hotel rooms for smokers, and required workplaces to have separate ventilation for smokers.
900,000 adult smokers in Georgia do not have health insurance, according to the Department of Community Health.
Adult smokers lose an average of 16 years of life compared to adult non-smokers and 1 out of 6 Georgians die annually from smoking related illnesses.
Approximately 1.4 million
adults in Georgia smoke ciga-
rettes.
30%
Percentage of Adults Who Use Tobacco, United States and Georgia, 2000-2009
Despite some fluctuations, the percentage of adults who use 27%
tobacco has declined since 2000 both nationally and in
23.2% 24%
Georgia.
The Department of Community 21%
Health estimates the health-
care costs associated with
18%
smoking among Georgia
adults at $1.8 billion.
15%
23.5%
17.9% 17.7%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Ye ar
Georgia
United States
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health and CDC Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 35
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Percent of Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes: Georgia and the United States, 1997-2009
12%
10%
9.5%
Percent Diagnosed with Diabetes
8%
6% 4.8%
4%
4.1%
8.3%
2%
0% 1997
1999
2001
2003 Year
2005
2007
2009
Georgia
United States
Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
In 2009, 9.5% of Georgia adults were diabetic compared to 8.3% nationwide.
Over the past decade the percentage of Americans with diabetes nearly doubled, from 4.8% in 1997 to 8.3% in 2009.
There was a slight decline in the number of adult Georgians with diabetes, from the high of 10.1% in 2007 to 9.5% in 2009.
Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness and kidney failure. Stroke and heart disease are the two leading causes of death in patients with diabetes.
Diabetes is a disease with serious complications and can lead to premature death. However, those living with the disease can control the disease and reverse the course of the disease through proper nutrition, regular physical activity and well-managed treatment plans.
Like diabetes, cardiovascular disease can be moderated by living a healthier life and understanding what risk factors influence an individual's likelihood of developing the disease.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes all diseases of the heart and blood vessels, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, hypertensive disease and atherosclerosis.
Modifiable risk factors for CVD include: smoking, poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.
Georgia recorded 65,016 major cardiovascular deaths during the period from 2005 to 2007, representing one third (32.5%) of all deaths in the state.
CVD death rate increases with age, however,1 in 4 persons who died from CVD in 2006 was less than 65 years of age.
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health, Office of Vital Records
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
36 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Breast and Cervical Cancer Screenings
Mammograms screen for breast cancer and allow for early detection. When detected early, especially when the woman exhibits no other signs or symptoms of the cancer, her survival rate increases by as much as 30%.
Mammograms are recommended biennially for women over 40 years of age and annually for those over the age of 50.
Georgia women were screened at a slightly higher rate (78.9%) than the U.S. average (76.0%) in 2008.
Percent who received a mammogram
81.0%
Percent of Wom en over 40 Years of Age Who Have Recieved a Mam m ogram in the Past 2 Years: Georgia and the United States, 1997-2008
78.0%
75.0%
72.0%
69.0%
66.0%
63.0% 1997
1998
1999
2000 2002 2004 Ye ar
Georgia United States
2006
2008
Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Breast cancer is the second leading cancer killer of women, after lung cancer.
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer, however, a woman's age and genetic factors also play a role. According the Centers for Disease Control, in 2009, 44.3% of 13-17 year olds in the United States had received at least one shot in the three shot series for HPV vaccination.
Pap tests primarily detect cervical cancer; and like mammograms early detection improves survival rates.
Nationwide, in 2008, 82.9% of women 18 years and older had a pap test within the last three years.
Georgia ranked 1st among the 50 states with respect to the percentage of women having a pap test within three years in 2008 (87.6%).
Percent who received a pap smear
Percent of w om en 18 years and older w ho have received a pap test w ithin the last 3 years, 1997-2008
95% 90% 85%
80% 75% 70% 65%
60% 55% 50%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Ye ar
Georgia United States
Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 37
Colorectal Cancer and Cancer Mortality
Percent Screened
Adults Aged 50 and Older Who Have Ever Had a
Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy: Georgia and the United
70%
States, 1997-2008
57.0% 62.2% 62.2%
60%
53.7% 53.5%
57.1%
50% 48.1%
47.4% 49.2% 48.6% 43.9%
41.0%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1997
1999
2002
2004
2006
2008
Ye ar
Georgia
United States
Colorectal cancer screenings are recommended for both men and women over the age of 50.
Colon cancer is detected through colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood test. Polyps in the colon detected by these tests can be removed and prevent the onset of cancer or allow for earlier, aggressive treatment.
In men, colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer deaths, after lung and prostate cancers.
Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
It is estimated that as many as 60% of deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented if all men and women over the age of 50 years were screened routinely for colorectal cancer (CDC).
Among cancers that affect men and women, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancerrelated death in the United States (CDC). In Georgia, cancer is the second leading cause of all deaths; cardiovascular disease is the leading cause.
The National Institutes of Health estimate that direct medical costs of cancer in 2010 nationwide will be $20.8 billion.
Per 100,000 population
Cancer Mortality Rate:
Cancer mortality rates in Georgia declined each year
220.0
Georgia and the United States, 1999-2007
between 2000 (205.8) and
205.8
2006 (178.3).
200.5 200.0
201.4 199.0 196.1 196.1
The age-adjusted cancer mortality rate among Georgia
180.0
200.8
199.6 196.0
193.5
190.1
185.8
186.6 178.3
183.8 180.7
179.4
males (229.2 per 100,000 population) is higher than that for Georgia females (147.5 per 100,000).
Lung cancer is the leading
160.0
cause of cancer death among
Georgians, with an age-
adjusted mortality rate of 53.9
140.0
per 100,000 population. This is
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
followed by prostate cancer for
United States
Georgia
males (27.4 per 100,000 ) and breast cancer for females
(22.2 per 100,000).
Source: CDC National Center for Health Statistics and Office of Vital Records
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
38 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Cancer Mortality Rates by County Five Year Age-Adjusted Cancer Rate
Georgia Counties: 2003-2007
Source: Georgia Department of Human Services, Division of Public Health, Office of Vital Records
During the 5-year period between 2003 and 2007, 71,532 Georgians died of cancer. The cancer mortality rate during this period declined 3.5%, from 161.2 to 155.5 per 100,000 residents (OASIS).
The highest cancer mortality rates for the period between 2003 and 2007 were recorded in the following counties: Quitman, Taliaferro, Clay, Union, and Townes. Three of the five counties with the highest cancer mortality rates are small communities with fewer than 5,000 residents.
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 39
HIV/AIDS and Pneumonia Mortality
Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate for HIV/AIDS per 100,000 Population: United States and Georgia, 1994-2007
25
20
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the immune system, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the advanced stage of HIV.
Age-Adjusted Rate
15
10
7.0
5
.
4.2
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year
Georgia
United States
In 2007, there were 20,507 known Georgians living with AIDS. Of those, 76% were male, 24% female. The majority of persons (69%) were 40 years of age and older.
The number of persons living with AIDS continues to increase each year, resulting in a declining mortality rate. Effective drug treatments and therapies are prolonging the lives of those living with AIDS.
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2008 and CDC WONDER
Early screening helps detect HIV earlier, prevents the transmission of HIV and allows for initiation of treatment to slow the onset of AIDS.
High risk behaviors, such as engaging in unprotected sex or intravenous drug use, are associated with the transmission of HIV, along with a host of other sexually transmitted diseases and teen pregnancy.
Age-Adjusted Rate
Age-Adjusted Pneumonia Mortality Rates per 100,000
Georgia's pneumonia mortality rate decreased by
Population: Georgia and the United States, 1996-2007
34.7% between 2002 and
40 37.3 37 37.9
2007. During this same period, the flu vaccination
35
coverage rate of elderly
30
27.7
Georgians increased by
25
23.1 23.8
24.9 23 22.5
11%.
20
19.3 18.1 Pneumonia related deaths
15
18.1
most often occur among the elderly population, the very
10
1999 Change from
young (under the age of 2
5
ICD-9 to ICD-10 Coding for Mortality
years) or in patients with diseases that weaken the im-
0
mune system, such as AIDS.
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year Georgia
United States
Flu and pneumonia together are the 8th leading cause of death in the United States.
Source: Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health, Annual Health Status Measures 2008 and CDC WONDER
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
40 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Georgia Trauma Network
Georgia Trauma Centers 2010
Level 1
-Medical Center of Central Georgia -Memorial College of Georgia -Memorial Health University Medical Center -Grady Memorial Hospital
Level II
-Floyd Medical Center -North Fulton Regional Hospital -Medial Center-Columbus -Atlanta Medical Center -Athens Regional Center -Hamilton Medical Center -Gwinnett Medical Center -John D. Archbold Memorial Hospital
Level III -Walton Regional Medical Center
Level IV
-Morgan Memorial Hospital
Pediatric
-Children's Healthcare of Atlanta-Egleston -Children's Healthcare of Atlanta-Scottish Rite
Trauma Levels
I
II III IV
Designation Criteria
Full range of clinical services Specialists on-site 24/7 Trauma education and research Community outreach Attached to medical schools Full range of clinical services Specialists on-site 24/7 Limited range of clinical services Specialists on call 24/7; available within 20 minutes Ability to stabilize and transfer patients as appropriate
In 2007, 45% of traumatic injuries in Georgia were caused by motor vehicle crashes. Other causes include falls (23%), weapons (12%), assault/abuse (6%), and pedestrian accidents (5%). Traumatic injuries include multiple fractures, paralysis, punctured lungs, stab wounds and brain injuries. These types of injuries must be treated at a trauma center as death or the inability to recover may result if not treated within the first hour of injury.
Georgia's trauma mortality rate is 20% higher than the national average, which is equivalent to approximately 700 more deaths a year.
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 41
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
42 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
EDUCATED GEORGIA
2011
LEADING INDICATORS
Georgia's high school graduation rate has continued to improve. 80.8 % of students graduated in the 2009-2010 school year, reaching the 80% goal set for 2010.
INDICATORS
Education Level of Population 25 Years and Older
44
Earnings and Unemployment of Population 25 Years and Older
45
Pre-K through 12th Grade Enrollment
46
Public, Private and Home School Enrollment
47
National Assessment of Educational Progress
48
High School Graduation and Dropout Rates
50
SAT and ACT Scores
51
Special Education
52
Adequate Yearly Progress
53
Educator Salaries
54
Technical College Enrollment and Employment
55
Strategic Industries
57
University System of Georgia Enrollment
58
University System of Georgia Retention and Graduation Rates
59
University System of Georgia Research Awards
60
HOPE Scholarship and Tuition Costs
61
University System of Georgia: Map
62
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 2011
GOVERNOR'S OFFICE of PLANNING & BUDGET
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Education Level of Population 25 Years and Older
Percent population 25 years and older
Attainment of High School Diploma of Population 25
Years and Older: United States and Georgia, 1970-
2009
90%
77.6%
84.1%80.0%84.1%82.2%85.0%83.98%5.3% 83.9%
75%
66.3%
70.9%
60% 52.3%
56.5%
45%
40.6%
30%
The percentage of adult Georgians completing high school increased significantly each decade between 1970 and 2000; 39% during the 1970s, 25% during the 1980s, and 13% in 1990s.
During the current decade, the percentage of Georgia's adults completing high school increased 5%.
15%
0% 1970
1980
1990 2000 2006 Ye ar
United States Georgia
2008
2009
The percent of Georgians age 25 and older who have completed high school (83.9%) is now similar to the national average (85.3%).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Georgia invests a significant portion of the State's annual budget to educate its citizens. Education is Georgia's number one priority, representing 58.1% of the state's total budget.
The Georgia Department of Education Virtual School provides on-line access statewide to classes, including Advanced Placement, foreign languages and core subjects. The school offers 121 on-line courses, with nearly 4,000 students enrolled during the 2009-2010 school year.
Percent population 25 years and older
Attainment of College Degree of Population 25 Years and Older: United States and Georgia, 1970-2009
40%
The proportion of Georgians completing college tripled between 1970 and 2009.
35%
27.0%
27.7% 27.9%
The percentage of Georgians
30%
25.6%
26.6%
27.5% 27.5%
completing a college degree
25% 20%
16.3%
21.3% 19.3%
15.8%
23.1%
increased from 9.2% in 1970 to 27.5% in 2009.
15% 10.7% 9.2%
More than one-quarter of Georgia's adults 25 years and
10%
older (27.5%) have earned a
5%
college degree, comparable to
the national average (27.9%).
0%
1970
1980
1990
2000
2006
2008
2009
Ye ar
United States Georgia
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
44 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Earnings and Unemployment of Population 25 Years and Older
Median income increases with each level of education completed.
A college graduate with a bachelor's degree in Georgia earns, on average, $22,687 more per year compared to a high school graduate.
Earnings for Georgia's college graduates ($47,639) are comparable to the national average ($47,510).
Median Annual Earnings
Median Earnings by Educational Attainment, Population 25
Years and Over: Georgia and United States 2009
$70,000
$62,313 $59,931
$60,000 $50,000
$47,510 $47,639
$40,000 $30,000 $20,000
$31,906 $26,140 $31,141 $24,952 $18,432 $16,831
$10,000
$0
Less than High School Some college Bachelor's
high school
degree
Georgia United States
Advanced degree
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey
Education is a crucial element in sustaining and growing the economy of the state. Georgia has made significant investments in education and training in strategic industries and high demand professions, such as health professions with service cancelable loans and other incentive programs.
Between 2008 and 2009, median earnings for adults with less than a high school education declined 14.1%, while increasing 1.4% for adults with a college degree.
Less educated working age adults, 25 to 64 years, are more likely to be unemployed compared to college graduates.
Only 4.5% of Georgia's working age college graduates were unemployed in 2009.
Adults in Georgia who have not completed high school have a slightly higher unemployment rate (10.4%) compared to their counterparts nationally (9.5%).
Percent population 25 to 64 years
Unemployment Rate by Educational Attainment for Population 25 to 64 Years: United States and Georgia 2009
12% 10.4%
10%
9.5%
7.9% 8.4%
7.6%
8%
6.7%
6%
4.5%
3.9% 4%
2%
0% Less than high school graduate
High school graduate
Some college or Bachelor's associate's degree or higher degree
United States Georgia
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2008 American Community Survey
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 45
Pre-K through 12th Grade Enrollment
Number of Students
90,000 85,000 80,000 75,000 70,000 65,000 60,000 55,000 50,000 45,000 40,000
Pre-K Enrollment: Georgia 2001-2010
63,613
72,902 68,119
71,473
76,491
81,068
75,299
78,129
61,795
65,364
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Fiscal Year
Since 2001, Pre-K enrollment in Georgia has increased 31%, from 61,795 in 2001 to 81,068 in 2010.
During the 2008-2009 school year, 58% of Georgia's fouryear olds enrolled in Pre-K.
Georgia's Lottery funds the Pre-K program. The FY 2010 budget for Pre-K is more than $349 million.
Children who attend Pre-K perform better in reading, language and math in kindergarten.
Source: Georgia Department of Early Care and Learning
Georgia became the first state in the country to provide Pre-K to all four year olds in 1995. More than half of Pre-K students (57%) are enrolled in private schools and 43% are enrolled in public schools.
Children whose parents read to them tend to become better readers and perform better in school. Other family activities such as telling stories and singing songs also encourage children's acquisition of literacy skills (Snow, Burns, Griffin).
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the percentage of 35 year olds read to three or more times a week by a family member increased from 78% in 1993 to 83% in 2007.
Number of Students
1,700,000
K-12 Public School Enrollment: Georgia FY1999-FY2009
1,611,782
Georgia's public schools educated more than 1.6 million children during the 2009-2010 school year.
1,589,839
1,600,000 1,500,000
1,515,646
1,609,681 1,641,396
1,461,267
1,559,828
Over the past decade, public school enrollment increased by
1,412,689
nearly a quarter of a million stu-
1,400,000
1,486,125
1,437,324 1,391,579
dents (241,000); an 18% increase over the decade.
1,300,000
The largest increase in public
1,200,000
school enrollment took place in
high school with an increase of
1,100,000
29.5% between the 1998-1999
1,000,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
and 2009-2010 school years. Elementary and middle school enrollment increased 14.1% and
Fiscal Year
16.3% respectively. .
Source: Georgia Department of Education
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
46 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Public, Private and Home School Enrollment
Georgia's public school
population has become
increasingly diverse. During
the 2009-2010 school year,
55% of students were racial or
ethnic minorities.
2009
The percentage of Black students enrolled in Georgia's public schools has remained stable at approximately 38% over the past decade.
The Hispanic K-12 student population has grown by 314% since the 1998-1999 school year.
2007 2002 1998
0%
Public School Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity: Georgia 1998 - 2009
44.8%
37.3%
11.4% 6.5%
46.1% 51.6% 55.7%
38.0%
9.7% 6.2%
37.9%
6.1% 4.3%
37.8%
3.3% 3.1%
20%
40%
60%
80%
White Black Hispanic Other
100%
Source: Georgia Department of Education
In FY 2010, 105,653 students attended private schools and 41,998 were home schooled.
Public school enrollment has increased at a slower pace (18%) compared to Home Study (63.1%), and private school enrollment (23.1%).
The number of students enrolled in Home Study increased by 57.3% between the 1999-2000 school year (25,752) and the 2009-2010 school year (40,510 ).
Private school enrollment in Georgia increased 12.5% between the 1999-2000 year (85,841) and the 2009-2010 school year (96,569).
More than twice as many Georgia students attend private school than are home schooled.
Number of Students
120,000 100,000
80,000
Home Study and Private School Enrollment: Georgia 1999-2010
87,514 85,841
92,335 90,951
92,546
96,569
93,268
96,433
60,000
40,000 20,000
25,752
32,309
34,363
28,898
31,831
36,624 36,413
40,510
0 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 20092000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2010
Home Study
Private School
Source: Georgia Department of Education
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 47
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
NAEP Score
Fourth Grade NAEP Mathematics Scores
245
240
235
230
225
220
219
215 216
210
205
200 1992
222 215
224 219
234 230
237 234
239 235
1996
2000
2003
2005
2007
Ye ar
Georgia Scores
National Scores
239 236
2009
In 2009, 4th grade Georgia students scored 20 points higher in mathematics than in 1992, when the test was first administered.
In 2009, Georgia 4th grade mathematics students were behind the national average by 3 points.
Between 1992 and 2007, Georgia 4th grade mathematics scores improved steadily, followed by stable scores.
Source: National Center on Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Nation's Report Card
Under the No Child Left Behind Act, all states were required to participate in the biennial NAEP tests for 4th and 8th grade reading and mathematics assessments.
The NAEP results provide a national comparison of student academic progress over time.
NAEP Score
Fourth Grade NAEP Reading Scores
225
220 215
215
210 212
212 213
220
220
217
216
217
219 218
215
214
214
209
205
207
200 1992
1994
1998 2002 2003 2005
Georgia
Ye ar United States
2007
2009
In 2007, Georgia rose to within 1 percentage point of the national average in 4th grade reading for the first time since testing began in 1992.
Though falling a point in 2009, Georgia still remains only two points behind the national reading average for 4th grade.
Source: National Center on Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Nation's Report Card
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
48 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
In 2009, 8th grade students scored 19 points higher in mathematics compared to 1992.
However, 8th grade mathematics students lag behind the national average by 4 points, with a score of 278.
Similar to the 4th grade scores, 8th grade mathematics scores have continuously improved since 1992.
NAEP Score
Eighth Grade NAEP Mathematics Scores
285
280
280
276
278
275
271
272
275
270 267
272
270
265
265
260
262
255 259
250
245 1992
1996
2000 2003 2005 2007
Ye ar
Georgia
United States
282 278
2009
Source: National Center on Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Nation's Report Card
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is administered by the National Center for Education Statistics to elementary and secondary students in various subject areas. Four of the nine total subject areas are reported at the state level including mathematics and reading. Both private and public school children are assessed, however, only public school data is available for state comparisons.
The NAEP is given to students in the 4th, 8th and 12th grades, at the ages of 9, 13, and 17.
8th grade reading scores dem-
Eighth Grade NAEP Reading Scores
onstrate continued learning
264
in the classroom, when com-
263
pared to their 4th grade coun-
262
terparts. For example, in 1992, the 4th grade average
262
261
261
261
NAEP Score
was 209. In 2002, that same
class scored a 258 in 8th
260
grade reading.
260 260
259
258
8th grade reading score trends
258
258
in Georgia are similar to the
257
257
national trend of slightly de-
256
clining scores between 2002
and 2005, followed by im-
provements in 2007 and
254
2009.
1998
2002
2003
2005
2007
2009
Ye ar
Note: The 8th grade reading test was not assessed on the state level until 1998.
Georgia
United States
Source: National Center on Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Nation's Report Card
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 49
High School Graduation and Dropout Rates
High School Graduation Rate
High School Graduation Rate, Georgia: 2000-2010
85%
80.8%
80%
78.9%
75.4%
75%
72.3%
70.8%
69.4%
70%
65.4%
65%
63.3%
61.8%
60% 58.7%
55%
50% 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 20092001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
School Year
Georgia's graduation rate has steadily increased since the 2000-2001 school year, from 58.7% to 80.8% (2009-2010 school year).
The graduation rate is calculated as follows: the number of students graduating with a regular diploma, divided by the sum of drop outs in 9th through 12th grades, graduates, and other completers.
Source: Georgia Governor's Office of Student Achievement and National Center for Education Statistics, Digest for Education Statistics
According to the National Dropout Prevention Center at Clemson University, risk factors related to dropping out of school include: School engagement: poor attendance, low educational expectations, lack of effort, low commitment School performance: low achievement, retention in grade Transient population, foster and homeless children Learning disability or emotional disturbance Economically disadvantaged
Dropout Rate
Total Dropout Rate in Grades 9-12, Georgia: 2000-2009
7.5% 7.2% 6.5%
6.0% 4.5%
5.5%
5.1%
5.0%
4.7%
4.1%
3.6%
3.8%
3.0%
1.5%
The dropout rate calculation is the number of students with a withdrawal code corresponding to a dropout divided by the number of students that attended the school.
The dropout rate declined 47% between the 2000-2001 and the 2008-2009 school years, from 7.2% to 3.8%.
0.0%
20002001
2001- 20022002 2003
20032004
2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 20082005 2006 2007 2008 2009
School Year
Source: Georgia Governor's Office of Student Achievement and National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
50 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Students who took the SAT Reasoning Test after 2005 were tested in mathematics, critical reading and writing, for a composite score of 2,400 (each section is worth a total of 800 points). Previously, students were tested in mathematics and critical reading, for a composite score of 1600.
In 2010, 66,019 of Georgia's high school seniors took the SAT Reasoning Test.
The combined average score for Georgia's students was 1,453 in 2010, down slightly from the previous year (1,460).
Combined Score
SAT and ACT Scores
Combined SAT Reasoning Test Scores for Mathematics, Critical Reading and Writing (added in
2006): Georgia and the United States, 2001-2010
1600
1518 1511 1511 1509 1509
1400
1472 1472 1466 1460 1453
1200 1000
800
1020 1020 1026 1026 1028 980 980 984 987 993
600
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ye ar
Georgia
National
Source: The College Board
The SAT Reasoning Test is a standardized test used by most colleges to determine admittance, along with other deciding factors including coursework, grades, letters of recommendations, and other criteria.
The ACT is a standardized test that colleges use comparably to the SAT to determine admittance. The ACT assesses student's general educational development and ability to complete college-level work.
The ACT tests four subjectsEnglish, reading, mathematics and science. Each section is worth a maximum of 36 points and the total score, or composite score, is the average of all four sections.
39,436 of Georgia's graduating seniors took the ACT in 2010, 44% of all graduates.
The average composite ACT score for Georgia was 20.7 in 2010, slightly below the national average of 21.0.
Score
Composite ACT Scores: Georgia and the United States, 2001-2010
21.5
21.0
21.1 21.2 21.1 21.0 20.8 20.8 20.9 20.9
21.1 21.0
20.6 20.6 20.7
20.5
20.2 20.3
20.0 20.0 20.0 19.9 19.8 19.8
19.5
19.0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ye ar
Georgia ACT Scores
National ACT Scores
Source: Governor's Office of Student Achievement and ACT, Inc.
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 51
Special Education
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) assures access to quality education for children with disabilities.
Nationally, during the 2007-2008 school year 6.6 million children and youth (13% of public school students received special education services, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.
Three state schools serve students with disabilities: the Atlanta Area School for the Deaf in Clarkston, the Georgia Academy for the Blind in Macon, and the Georgia School for the Deaf in Cave Spring in Floyd County.
Among Georgia's school systems, the percentage of students served in special education ranges from 6%
Percent of Students in Special Education Georgia School Districts: 2009-2010
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
52 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Adequate Yearly Progress
Adequate yearly progress (AYP) is measured by a series of performance goals that each school must achieve within time frames specified in the No Child Left Behind Act.
The percentage of Georgia schools meeting AYP has varied only slightly this decade, with the exception of 2009.
In 2010, 99% of schools met academic performance requirements in Reading, English, Language Arts and Mathematics.
Percent of Schools AYP
Adequate Yearly Progress of Georgia Schools,
2004-2010
90%
86.0%
85% 80%
79.5%
81.9%
79.3%
82.2%
79.9%
77.4%
75%
70%
65%
60%
2004
2005
2006
2007 Ye ar
2008
2009
2010
Source: Georgia Department of Education
Children and youth between the ages of 8 and 18 spend approximately four hours a day watching television and two hours on the computer on non-educational activities, including video games. Television can interfere with homework, physical activities, reading, playing with friends, and family time. (KidsHealth.org)
The number of school systems with 100% of schools making Adequate Year Progress in 2010 (43) declined compared to the previous year (73).
A school that does not make AYP for two consecutive years in the same content area is designated as a school in need of improvement.
The number of Georgia schools in needs improvement status declined from 533 in 2003 to 278 in 2009. The number of schools in needs improvement status remained unchanged in 2010 (278) from the previous year.
Number of Schools
Number of Georgia Schools in Needs Improvement
600 533
Status, 2003-2010
500
413
400
354
308
323
307
278 278
300
200
100
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Ye ar
Source: Georgia Department of Education
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 53
Educator Salaries
Salary in Thousands of Dollars
Average Annual K-12 Teacher Salary: United States
60 $54
and Southeast States, 2008-2009
$53
50
$49
$47
$47
$47
$46
$44
40
30
20
10
0
Unit ed
Geo rg ia
No rt h
Sout h
Florida Alabama Tennessee M ississippi
St ates
Carolina Carolina
Source: National Education Association
Average Salaries of Full-Time Faculty at Public Two Year Colleges: Southeast States 2008-2009
Salary in Dollars
$54,000 $53,200 $53,100
$52,000
$50,000 $48,000 $46,000
$47,600 $46,600 $46,400 $46,300 $45,600
$44,000
$42,000
$40,000
Alabama
Florida Tennessee Georgia
South Carolina
North Carolina
Mississippi
Source: Southern Regional Education Board
Average Salaries of Full-Time Faculty at Public Four
Year Colleges and Universities: Southeast States 2008-
$100,000
2009
$76,700 $73,900 $75,000
$71,900
$70,400
$68,700
$66,200
$62,700
$50,000
The average K-12 teacher salary in Georgia was $52,879 during the 2008-2009 school year, compared to the national average $54,319.
K-12 teacher salary in Georgia is competitive among the seven southeast states, more than $4,000 higher than the salary in North Carolina, which recorded the second highest salary in the region.
Teacher salaries comprise 85% of the $6.6 billion FY 2010 amended budget for K12 schools.
Georgia's teacher salary ranked 4th among the southeastern states.
The average salary for faculty at two-year public colleges in Georgia was $46,600 in 2008.
Georgia ranks 4th among the southeastern states with respect to average salaries at two year public colleges.
The average faculty salary at four-year public colleges and universities in Georgia during 2008 was $70,400.
The average salary for faculty at public four-year colleges in Georgia ranked 4th among the seven southeast states.
Salary in Dollars
$25,000
$0
No rth Caro lina
Flo rida
A labama Geo rgia So uth Tennessee M ississippi Caro lina
Source: Southern Regional Education Board
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
54 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Technical College Enrollment and Employment
During the 2008-2009 school year, the Technical College System enrolled 163,655 students; a 75% increase compared to the 1998-1999 school year.
The number of Technical College System unduplicated graduates jumped from 27,630 in 2004 to 30,275 in 2009.
Number of Students
Technical College Enrollment: Georgia 1999 - 2009
180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000
80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000
0
101,194 93,431
159,835 152,037 152,911
142,074 153,444 155,126
148,213
163,655
118,496
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
School Year
Source: Technical College System of Georgia
The Technical College System of Georgia provides student-centered, high quality, and affordable technical, academic, adult education and training. This contributes to building literate and economically strong communities and businesses in Georgia.
Georgia's Technical College System students may enroll in programs that lead to an associate degree, a diploma, or a technical certificate.
More than one out of three Technical College System students continue their education following completion of a course of study.
In 2009, almost three out of four Technical College System award recipients were employed either in the field or a related field (58%).
* Note: There is some duplication of graduates who are both employed and continuing their education.
Number of Recipients
Employment of Technical College Award Recipients:
Georgia 2000 - 2009
25,000 20,000
22,681
22,896
21,205
21,665
20,998
19,674 19,867
15,000 10,000
5,000
15,905 14,515
15,169
11,435
12,805 10,523 11,333 10,685 11,386 9,470
7,349
5,583
6,127 4,593 4,159 3,758 4,173 4,589 5,127
1,677
2,274 1,388
1,057
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Employ ed In Field or Related Field*
Employ ed Out of Field *
Continuing Education*
Source: Technical College System of Georgia
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 55
Adult Basic Education Passage Rates and Graduates
Number of Graduates
Number of Adult Basic Education Graduates
35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000
20,501
23,832
30,808
33,082
15,000
10,000
5,000
0 2006
2007
2008
Ye ar
2009
The number of Adult Basic Education graduates has increased over 60% in the past 4 years.
The Adult Basic Education program is designed to provide special attention to adults returning to school to resume educational programs which were interrupted in earlier years.
Adult basic education focuses on reading, writing, and math skills.
Source: Technical College System of Georgia
Technical College System of Georgia oversees the state's adult education efforts, enrolling more than 90,000 individuals.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau the proportion of Georgians who lack a high school education declined from 21.4% in 2000 to 16.1% in 2009.
Passage Rate
Passage Rate of Adult Learners Who Enrolled in an
Adult Basic Education Course with the Goal of
Obtaining a General Educational Development
80% 70%
68.0%
Diploma
70.0%
72.0%
70.2%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0% 2006
2007
2008
2009
Ye ar
Source: Technical College System of Georgia
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
56 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Technical College System of Georgia awards approximately 19,000 General Educational Development (GED) diploma's each year.
There are 49 GED Testing Centers in Georgia.
7 out of 10 adults enrolled in an Adult Basic Education course earn a General Educational Development Diploma.
Strategic Industries and University System of Georgia
Students in Technical College programs increase their earnings following graduation, ranging from 6% among energy and environmental program graduates to 53% among healthcare and eldercare program graduates.
More than 56,000 students are enrolled in programs that prepare graduates to work in strategic industries.
Earnings of Technical College Strategic Industry Graduates Before and After Graduation: Georgia, 2009
Energy and Environment
Aerospace
Agribusiness
Healthcare and Eldercare
Life Sciences
$31,456 $29,642
$25,781
$33,448
$24,796 $21,792
$19,674
$30,089
$22,105
$30,562
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$40,000
Before Graduating After Graduating
Source: Technical College System of Georgia
Georgia's public colleges and universities operate under the University System of Georgia umbrella. The system consists of 4 research universities, 2 regional universities, 13 state universities, 8 state colleges and 8 two-year colleges.
The University System of Georgia (USG) is responsible for providing higher education to Georgia residents to create a more educated Georgia through instruction, research and public service.
In fall 2009, more than 300,000 students were enrolled at a USG college or university.
Enrollment in the University System of Georgia increased 47% between the 2000-2001 school year and fall 2009.
Number of Students
Enrollment in the University System of
Ge orgia:
350,000
2000-2001 to 2009-2010
300,000 250,000 200,000
301,892
247,020
253,552
270,022 282,978
217,546 233,098
250,659
259,945
205,878
150,000
100,000 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 20092001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 School Year
Source: Georgia Board of Regents
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 57
USG Minority and Foreign Student Enrollment
University of Georgia System Minority Enrollment: 1998 - 2009
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
``
2003
2002
2001
1998
The Black student population enrolled at University System of Georgia institutions increased by 82.6% between 1998 and 2009.
The percentage of Asian American students enrolled in the University of Georgia system increased from 4.5% in 1998 to 6.4% in 2009.
The number of Hispanics students enrolled in the University of Georgia System more than tripled over the past decade.
0
20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000
Black Hispanic ANsuiamnbAemr eorficSatnudeNnatstive American Multi-Racial
Source: Georgia Board of Regents
The University of Georgia System student minority population has increased significantly over the past decade.
Females comprised more than half of the student population (57.6%) in the University System of Georgia in 2009.
The number of non-citizen students enrolled in the University System of Georgia increased to 20,992 students in 2008.
University of Georgia System Foreign Student Enrollment: 2007-2008
Europe & Canada
18%
Latin America & Caribbean 20%
South Asia 16%
East Asia & the Pacific 27%
Africa 16%
Middle East & North Africa 3%
International students comprised 7.4% (20,992) of students within the University System of Georgia in 2008.
Approximately one-quarter of foreign students (26.6%) are from the East Asian and Pacific region and 20.3% are from Latin America and the Caribbean.
Source: Georgia Board of Regents
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
58 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
University System of Georgia Retention and Graduation Rates
Three-quarters of students entering a University System of Georgia college or university return to school the following fall.
Among degree seeking, full-time freshmen who entered a University System of Georgia institution in fall 2008, 69.9% returned to the same institution in fall of 2009, and 75.5% returned to the same or another USG institution.
Percent of Students
First Year Retention Rates for University System of Georgia Full Time Freshman: 1999 - 2008
78% 76% 74%
74.9% 76.3% 76.7% 77.2% 75.9% 75.0% 75.9% 75.5% 75.7% 73.4%
72%
70% 68%
72.0%
71.1% 70.3% 69.1%
70.5% 69.7% 70.2% 70.0% 69.9%
66% 67.5%
64%
62%
Fall 1999
Fall 2000
Fall Fall Fall Fall 2001 2002 2003 2004
Institute-Specific Rate
Fall Fall Fall 2005 2006 2007 System-Wide Rate
Fall 2008
Source: Georgia Board of Regents
Key indicators of post-secondary performance:
Six-year graduation rate for first-time, full-time freshman at four-year colleges Three-year graduation rate for first-time, full-time freshmen at two-year colleges
The proportion of Georgia's university students completing their degree has increased significantly since the mid-1990s.
Among first-time, full-time bachelor's degree seeking undergraduates at four-year colleges who entered a University System of Georgia college or university in fall 2003, 51.3% graduated from the same institution within six years and more than 58% graduated from an institution within the system.
Percent of Students
Six-Year Graduation Rates of Freshman
Attending Four-Year Institutions
70
60 50
48.8
53.8
55.1
50.3
46.7
47.9
56.1 49.1
57.8 50.8
56.7 49.3
58.9 51.6
43.5
41.3
40
30
20
10
0
Fall
Fall
Fall
Fall
1996- 1997- 1998- 1999-
Summer Summer Summer Summer
2002 2003 2004 2005
Percent Graduated f rom Initial Institution
Fall
Fall
Fall
Fall
2000- 2001- 2002- 2003-
Summer Summer Summer Summer
2006 2007 2008 2009
Percent Graduated f rom USG System
Source: Georgia Board of Regents
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 59
USG Research Awards
Value in Dollars (in thousands)
University System of Georgia Research Awards:
FY 2001 - FY 2008
$950,000
$906,535
$900,000 $850,000 $800,000
$794,475
$860,501
$840,620
$805,362
$847,036
$831,043
$750,000
$700,000
$650,000 $686,140
$600,000
$550,000
$500,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Fiscal Year
Source: Georgia Board of Regents
Between FY 2001 and FY 2008, the University System of Georgia was awarded more than $6.5 billion in research funds.
In FY 2008, the University System of Georgia received $906.5 million extramural funding, $66 million more than the previous year.
Research within the University System of Georgia spans many subject areas and is primarily concentrated in the four research universities; the University of Georgia, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University and the Medical College of Georgia.
University of Georgia System Research Fund Resources, Fiscal Year 2008
Industry 12%
Federal 66%
State and Local 8%
Other 5%
Nonprofit 9%
Two-thirds of USG research funding is provided by the federal government (66%).
State, local, and industry provide approximately one-fifth of USG research funds.
Nonprofits contribute nearly one-tenth of USG research funds.
Source: Georgia Board of Regents
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
60 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally), Georgia's scholarship and grant program, provides financial assistance at public and private colleges and universities and public technical colleges.
Half of Georgia's HOPE recipients attend public technical colleges (50.7%), 38.8% attend public colleges and universities, and 10.5% attend private colleges and universities.
The median average tuition at Georgia's universities and colleges is the most affordable in the southeast region.
Tuition in Georgia as a percentage of median household income (8.7%) is the second lowest among the southeast states, which range from 8.4% to 19.9%.
Number of Students
Percent of Income
HOPE Scholarship and Tuition Costs
Percent of Family Income Required for Annual Tuition: United States and Southeast States 1996-1997 and 2008-2009
25% 20%
19.9%
15% 11.5%
13.4% 12.6% 12.6%
10% 7.3%
8.7% 8.4% 9.7%
6.2%
6.1%
6.5% 4.7%
8.9%
7.1%
9.0%
5%
0% United States
Georgia
Florida North
Carolina
Tennessee
Mississippi
Alabama Sou
th
Carolina
1996-97 2008-09
Source: Southern Regional Education Board
Students Earning Georgia's HOPE Scholarships and Grants: 2000-2001 to 2009-2010
300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000
212,632
169,176 195,862
222,295
207,508
216,208
222,557
212,672
247,737
202,481
100,000
50,000
0 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 20092001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Between September 1, 1993 and July 17, 2010, $5.3 billion were disbursed through Georgia HOPE scholarships and grants.
Two-thirds of the HOPE scholarships and grants have been disbursed to public colleges and universities, one-quarter were disbursed to public technical colleges and the approximately 11% remaining went to private colleges and universities.
Source: Georgia Student Finance Commission
Disbursements of HOPE Scholarships and Grants by Type of Institution: September 1993-July 2010
Private Colleges and Universities
11%
Public Technical Colleges 24%
Public Colleges and Universities
65%
Source: Georgia Student Finance Commission
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 61
University System of Georgia
Source: Georgia Board of Regents
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
62 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
SAFE GEORGIA
2011
LEADING INDICATORS
Georgia's incarceration rate is one of the highest in the nation (8th). Georgia remains tough on crime; violent and sexual crime offenders serve 79% of their sentences behind bars.
INDICATORS
Child Protection
64
GBI Investigations and Crime
66
Violent and Property Crime
67
Incarceration Rate
68
Heading State Prisoners and Time Served
69
Prisoners by Crime Type and Jail Population
70
Parole, Probation and Inmate Populations
71
Reconviction and Parole Completion Rates
72
Cost by Offender Placement and Juvenile Arrests
73
Juvenile Admissions and Placements
74
Seat Belt Use
75
State Highway Safety Motor Vehicle Fatalities
Plac e your mes sage here. F or maximum i mpact, us e two or thr ee sentences.
76 77
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 2011
GOVERNOR'S OFFICE of PLANNING & BUDGET
Child Protection
Number of Reports
105,000 100,000
95,000 90,000 85,000 80,000 75,000 70,000
Child Abuse and Neglect Reports: Georgia, 2002-2009
In FY 2009, the Department of Human Services, Division of
101,563
Children and Family Services
98,896
(DFCS) received 81,066 re-
ports of child abuse and ne-
92,612
92,952 92,268
glect. Of those reports: 19% did not meet the definition of
85,564
87,864
maltreatment, 15% were identified as diversion, and 35%
81,066
were investigated.
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
In order to concentrate on cases where actual abuse and neglect have occurred, DFCS generally refers families with poverty-related problems to community resources.
Ye ar
Source: Georgia Department of Human Services, Division of Family and Children Services
The number of children in the legal custody of the Division of Family and Children Services declined 12.6% between July 2009 (8,854) and June 2010 (7,735).
More than one-quarter of children in DFCS custody (29%) in FY 2009 were under the age of 4 years.
In June 2010, 68.6% of children were reunified with their family in less than 12 months of their removal from home, below the national standard of 76.2%.
Number of Cases
35,000
Active Child Protective Service Cases: Georgia, 2004-2010
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
The number of active Child Protective Service (CPS) cases decreased 68% from 28,815 in July 2004 to 9,105 in June 2010.
Active CPS cases have declined largely in response to the utilization of diversion.
"Diversion" is an option DFCS uses to assist families when the safety of children is not in question, which emphasizes a strength-based, preventiondriven, community response to vulnerable children and families.
Source: Georgia Department of Human Services, Division of Family and Children Services
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64 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Child Protection and Georgia Bureau of Investigation
Almost half of child maltreatment reports investigated by DFCS offices in FY 2009 (45%) were found to be unsubstantiated, and the remainder were substantiated (55%).
Substantiated cases of maltreatment are opened for ongoing Child Protective Services action when the level of risk for recurring maltreatment is high or moderate.
The maltreatment rate per 1,000 children peaked nationwide in 1996 at 14.7, but has since declined to 10.3 per 1,000 in 2008.
Child Protective Services Reports Investigated by Determination: Fiscal Year 2009
Unsubstantiate d Closed 41%
Substantiated Open 35%
Unsubstantiate d Open 4%
Substantiated Closed 20%
Source: Georgia Department of Human Services, Division of Family and Children Services
The percentage of children who had a subsequent substantiated report of maltreatment within 6 months decreased in Georgia from 3.1% in July 2009 to 2.1% in June 2010. The proportion of children in Georgia with a recurrence of maltreatment is below the national standard of 5.4%.
The Georgia foster care re-entry rate in FY 2010 was approximately 5.8%, well below the national standard of 8.6%.
More than half of Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI) investigative hours (58%) were spent on crimes against persons and drug investigations.
Crime scenes, property crimes, bomb disposal, and intelligence examinations account for more than one-quarter (27%) of GBI total investigative hours.
Approximately 5% of GBI investigative hours were spent on polygraphs and background examinations.
Note: Other Investigations include intelligence investigations, preliminary investigations, public corruption, et cetera.
GBI Investigative Hours Expended: June 2010
Intelligence Examinations
1% Bomb Disposal
Services Other 3% Investigations 11%
Crime Scene Specialists
5%
Crimes Against Persons 30%
Polygraph and Background Exams 5%
Drugs 28%
Property Crimes 18%
Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation
A SAFER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 65
GBI Investigations and Crime
Georgia Bureau of Investigation:
5000
Number of Cases Initiated, FY 2000-FY 2009
4000
3000
2000
1000
0 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04
Crimes A gainst P erso ns Narco tics Other Investigatio ns Intelligence Examinatio ns
Source: Georgia Bureau of Investigation
FY 05
FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09
P ro perty Crimes P o lygraph and B ackgro und Exams B o mb Dispo sal Services Crime Scene Specialists
The number of polygraph and background examinations conducted by the GBI declined 63% between 2000 and 2009, while property cases declined 31% during the same period.
The methods for conducting background examinations has changed over time and GBI involvement has decreased as a result.
Cases involving crimes against persons, other types of investigations and narcotics declined 16%, 4%, and 33% respectively.
Georgia ranks third lowest among the southeastern states with respect to the murder and non-negligent manslaughter rate. Georgia's rate is 5.8 per 100,000 residents, compared to in 5.3 in North Carolina and 7.3 in Tennessee.
In 2009, the highest violent and property crime rates in Georgia were reported in the state's cities outside metropolitan areas, followed by the rates recorded in metropolitan statistical areas. The lowest crime rates were recorded in non-metropolitan/rural counties.
Rate per 100,000 Residents
Reported Offenses in the United States and Selected
5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500
3,036
Southeastern States, 2009
3,668
3,667
3,772
3,841
3,754 3,889
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
429 0
404
U.S. Total North
Carolina
426
450
Georgia Alabama
613
668
671
Florida Tennessee South Carolina
Violent crime Property crime
Georgia has the lowest property crime rate among the southeastern states at 3,667 per 100,000 residents and South Carolina ranks highest in the region at 3,889 per 100,000.
Georgia ranks 2nd lowest in overall violent crime rate among the southeastern states at 426 per 100,000 residents. The state with the lowest rate in the region is North Carolina with a rate of 404, while South Carolina ranks highest at 671.
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation
A SAFER GEORGIA
66 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Georgia's rate of reported violent crime decreased by 33.3% between 1996 and 2009, similarly there was 32.5% decrease nationally.
Aggravated assault is the most frequently reported violent crime in Georgia, with a rate of 248 per 100,000 residents.
Robbery is the second most frequently reported violent crime in the state with a rate of 149 per 100,000 residents.
During 2007 and 2008, Georgia's violent crime rate was higher than the national average; but declined in 2009 to a level similar to the national rate.
Rate per 100,000 Residents
Violent and Property Crime
Violent Crime Rate:
Georgia and the United States, 1996-2009
640
638.7
610 636.6
580
550
520
490
460
429.4
430 426.1
400
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Georgia
U.S. Total
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
U.S. Department of Justice statistics indicate that violent offenders have a greater probability of being arrested than property offenders. Clearance rates (by arrest) in 2009 were 66.6% for murder and non-negligent manslaughter, 56.8% for aggravated assaults, 41.2% for forcible rapes, and 28.2% for robbery. In contrast, the clearance rate was 21.5% for larceny-theft, 12.5% for burglary, and 12.4% for motor vehicle theft.
Georgia's property crime rate continues to exceed the national average, despite a decline of 35.3% between 1996 and 2009.
Larceny-theft is the most frequently reported non-violent crime in Georgia, with a rate of 2,328.7 per 100,000 residents, followed by burglary at 1,000.7 per 100,000, and motor vehicle theft at 337.2 per 100,000 residents.
Rate per 100,000 Residents
Property Crime Rate:
Georgia and the United States, 1996-2009
6,000
5,671
5,500
5,185
5,000
4,890 4,614
4,500
4,000
4,451 4,316
4,053
4,246
4,260 4,224
4,139 4,056
4,145 3,929 3,893 3,992
3,667
3,500 3,000
3,744 3,618 3,658 3,631 3,591 3,514 3,432
3,264
3,335
3,212 3,036
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Georgia
U.S. Total
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
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GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 67
Incarceration Rate
Incarceration Rate
Number of Offenders Convicted and Committed
Laws Drug Laws
Environmental Factors Socio-economic Status Neighborhoods Personal Associations Employment Family Influences
Intrinsic Factors Educational Level Substance Abuse Mental Health
Policing Level of Enforcement Police Officer Discretion
Length of Time Served in Prison
Laws Habitual Offender Laws Time Served Legislation Good Behavior Credit
Courts Judicial Discretion Split Sentencing Drug & Mental Health
Courts Parole
Recidivism Rate
Policies Correctional Mission
Parole Revocation Policies
Programs
Incarceration rates are determined by the number of offenders convicted and committed, the length of time served, and the rate of recidivism.
Rehabilitative Services Inmate Programs
Community Programs
The average length of time served by Georgia offenders in FY 2009 was 2.8 years.
The percentage of Georgia's inmates released to parole declined from 87% in 1991 to 66% in 2009, as result of legislative changes such as mandatory sentencing.
Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget, 2008 Incarceration Report
Leading factors contributing to Georgia's higher than average incarceration rate include discontinuance of Earned Time Credit in the mid-1980's, mandatory sentencing statutes enacted during the mid-1990's, a lower proportion of inmates paroled, and increased time served by offenders.
Incarceration Rate: Georgia and United States, 1995-2009
600
Prisoners per 100,000 Residents
550
572
500
532 539 545 552 539
534 558 558 542 533
450
470 462
502 473
460
476
478
470
476 482
486
491
501
509
509
504
444
400
427
411
350
300 1995
1997
1999 2001 U.S. Total
2003 2005 Georgia
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
A SAFER GEORGIA
68 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
2007
2009
Georgia's incarceration rate has remained above the national average for the past three decades.
In 2009, Georgia's incarceration rate (533 prisoners per 100,000 residents) ranked 7th highest in the nation, behind states such as Louisiana (866) and Mississippi (718).
Mandatory sentencing laws require increased numbers of convicted felons be incarcerated and in many cases also require lengthy prison terms. As a result the proportion of prisoners eligible for parole consideration has decreased significantly.
State Prisoners and Time Served
In Georgia, sex offenders serve the greatest proportion of their sentence (93%). The average sentence is 6.8 years and average time served is 6.4 years.
Violent offenders serve 79% of their sentence. The average sentence for violent crimes is 6.6 years and average time served is 5.3 years.
Property offenders serve 60% of their sentence. The average sentence for this type of crime is 3.9 years and average time served is 2.3 years.
Percentage of Sentence Served
100% 90%
Total Percentage of Time Served by Type of Crime: Georgia, FY 1998 - FY 2009
80%
70% 60% 50% 40%
30%
20%
10%
0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Violent
FisSceaxl YOefafernder
Property
Drug Sales
Drug Possession
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections, Office of Planning and Analysis
Georgia's Active Inmate Profile
Race
67% non-white; 33% white
Gender
94% male; 6% female
Average Age
36 years
Probation to Follow Release from Prison 33%
Prior Georgia Incarcerations
59% none; 17% have one; 24% have two or more
In FY 1991, Georgia's parole population (23,302) and prison population (23,005) were approximately the same size.
Between 1991 and 2008, Georgia's inmate population has more than doubled (134%), while the parole population has remained stable, increasing only 1.8%.
Note: Using rates, such as crime rates or incarceration rates, allows more accurate comparisons of one state to another to account for the differences in overall state population.
Incarceration Rate Rankings - 2009 (per 100,000 residents)
1
Louisiana
866
2
Mississippi
718
3
Oklahoma
655
4
Texas
649
5
Alabama
637
6
Arizona
579
7
Florida
558
8
Georgia
533
9
Arkansas
531
10
South Carolina
526
U.S. Average
504
Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
A SAFER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 69
Prisoners by Crime Type and Jail Population
Adult Prisoners by Crime Type: Georgia July 2010
Other 4%
Drug 16%
Property 20%
Violent 45%
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections
Sex 15%
Nearly half of adult prisoners (45%) were convicted of violent offenses.
Approximately 50% of Georgia's offenders have substance abuse problems.
Nearly 24% of Georgia's offenders receive mental health treatment.
Only two out of five (40%) of Georgia's inmates have earned a General Education Diploma (GED) or its equivalent.
All states utilize drug courts and 31 states utilize mental health courts to treat offenders and reduce recidivism.
In FY 2010, 63% of the 10,018 parolees participating in treatment successfully completed their program.
The number of county jails over capacity decreased from 42 in June 2009 to 35 in June 2010.
Georgia County Jail - Inmate Population, June 2010
Other Inmates 12%
County Sentenced
Inmates 15%
Inmates Sentenced to State Institutions
14%
Source: Georgia Department of Community Affairs
A SAFER GEORGIA
70 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Inmates Aw aiting Trial in Jail 59%
In June 2010, there were 41,650 inmates in county jails; an increase of 3.2% compared to June 2009.
Nearly one-quarter (24%) of county jails were over capacity in June 2010.
The number of county jail inmates sentenced to state institutions increased by 20.6% from 5,006 in June 2009 to 6,038 in June 2010.
Parole , Probation and Inmate Populations
Paroled offenders are released prior to serving their entire sentence based on their likelihood of re-offending.
In FY 2010, more than two out of three (69%) Georgia parolees successfully completed their supervision.
Since 2005, there has been a steady decline in the average monthly number of parole revocations, from 307 to 229.
Georgia has the 14th highest parole population in the United States with 326 parolees per 100,000 adult residents.
The average age of Georgia parolees is 39 years, 38.8 for men and 39.5 for women.
Georgia Parolees by Crime Type, July 2010
DUI/Habitual Traf f ic
Violations 0.4%
Other Crimes 7.8%
Drug Possessions
18.9%
Violent Crimes 22%
Sex Crimes 1.6%
Drug Sales /Traf f ic king
22.3%
Property Crimes 27.4%
Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
The parole employment eligible population includes parolees who are not absconders, in jail, or exempt from employment due to disability.
Discretionary parole decisions can enhance public safety by ensuring that dangerous offenders remain incarcerated and by providing the necessary structure and assistance to select offenders who seek to become law-abiding citizens.
Between FY 1997 and FY 2008, Georgia's inmate population increased at a much faster rate (48.4%), compared to the parole (12.4%) or probation (12.5%) populations.
In an effort to reduce recidivism, Georgia has adopted a system-wide offender risk and needs assessment tool that will be used at all stages of the offender's movement through the system.
Number at Each Type of Facility
160,000
Inmate, Probation and Parolee Populations: Georgia, FY 1997-FY 2008
140,000 132,119 120,000
148,629
100,000
80,000
60,000 40,000
36,339
53,921
20,000 21,119
0
23,728
FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08
Inmate Population
Parole Population
Probation Population
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections and Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
A SAFER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 71
Reconviction and Parole Completion Rates
Three Year Return to Prison and Felony Reconviction
Rates: Georgia, 2000-2007
40%
35% 31%
31%
32%
32%
33%
31%
30%
30%
28%
25% 28%
29%
28%
27%
27%
28%
27%
27%
20%
15%
10%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Return to Prison rate
3 year Felony Reconviction Rate
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections
Georgia's three year felony reconviction rate remained fairly stable from 2004 to 2007, while the return to prison rate decreased from 2004 to 2007.
The three year return to prison rate is defined as the percentage of offenders who return to prison for either new offenses or for technical violations of their release.
The 3 year felony reconviction rate is defined as the percentage of offenders who are convicted of a new felony resulting in either prison or probation within 3 years of release from prison.
The state parolee employment rate for eligible parolees is 84%. Numerous studies indicate that for every day a parolee is employed there is a 1% decrease in the chance they will be re-arrested.
In response to revisions by the Bureau of Justice Statistics standards, the calculation of the parole completion rate in does not include parolees in jail or who absconded at the end of supervision.
Percent Completing Supervision
Average Parole Completion Rates: Georgia and the United States, FY 1998-FY 2009
80%
72%
70%
68%
61%
60%
64%
68%
61%
64% 60% 61%
66%
61%
60%
50% 45%
43%
45%
46%
45% 45% 44%
40%
43%
46%
47%
45%
45%
30%
20%
10%
0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Georgia Parolees
U.S. Parolees
Source: Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles
A SAFER GEORGIA
72 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Completion rates for parolees were higher in Georgia (66%) compared to the nation as a whole (45%) in FY 2009.
The completion rate in Georgia has increased from 61% to 66% since 2003, when the Bureau of Justice Statistics revised standards for calculating the completion rate.
Nation-wide, the average parole completion rate has remained fairly stable at approximately 45% for most of the decade.
Cost by Offender Placement and Juvenile Arrests
In FY 2009, the Georgia Department of Corrections operated:
- 49 Probation circuit offices
- 3 Probation Residential Substance Abuse Treatment centers
- 12 Day reporting centers
- 6 Pre-release centers
- 15 Transitional centers
- 32 State prisons
- 3 Private prisons by contract
- 23 County correctional institutes
- 1 Inmate boot camp
State Daily Cost by Offender Placement
$1.22 $3.93 $16.39 $38.15 $36.08
Regular Probation Supervision Intensive Probation Supervision Day Reporting Centers Pre-release Centers Transition Centers
$48.54
Detention Centers
$45.21
State Prisons
Source: Georgia Department of Corrections
The average cost per Georgia offender in state prison is $16,502 per year compared to $445.00 for regular probation supervision and $1,434.00 for intensive probation supervision.
Incarceration costs vary depending upon the level of security needed to maintain the prisoner. The cost per offender for close security prisons or higher is $22,079 per year while the cost per offender for medium security prisons or lower is $15,115 per year.
In contrast to incarceration, intensive probation costs approximately $1,434 per offender, per year.
Juvenile arrest rates reflect differences in law-abiding behavior, police behavior, and/ or community standards.
Georgia's 2008 juvenile violent crime index (278) was lower than the national average (306 per 100,000 juveniles).
Georgia had the 4th highest juvenile violent crime index among the southeastern states in 2008; below Florida (471), Tennessee (318), and North Carolina (305), while exceeding rates in South Carolina (192) and Alabama (176).
Number of Juvenile Arrests
65,000
Number of Juvenile Arrests: Georgia, 2000-2009
55,000 45,000
56,218
54,932
47,145
55,612
45,323
47,256 45,388
51,188
57,797 50,718
35,000
25,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Ye ar
Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice
A SAFER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 73
Juvenile Admissions by Offense
Juvenile Admissions by Offense: Georgia FY 2010
22% 20%
16% 15%
Percent of Admissions
6% 2%
8%
5%
1%
2%
2%
Drug (SellingD) rug (Use) ProperPtyublSiceOx r(dNeorn-Violent)
Status
Traffic
Violent Sex
V(VOioPle/VnOt)ACW/eVaOpAoPns
Violation
Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice
Juvenile offenders under Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) supervision most frequently enter the system due to a property offense (22%), status offense (20%), or public order offense (16%).
Status offenses are crimes defined as criminal due to the offender's age, such as truancy and curfew violations.
In FY 2010, 12,593 youth were served in Regional Youth Detention Centers (RYDCs), a 9% decrease from the previous year. On average, youth spent nearly 2 days longer in RYDC compared to 2009.
Notes: VOP/VOAC/VOAP are violations of probation/supervision. Percentages do not sum to 100
In 2009, nearly one out of twelve Georgia high school students (8.2%) reported being threatened with a weapon on school property during the previous year, similar to the national average of 7.7%.
In FY 2010, Youth Development Campus (YDC) admissions declined sharply from FY 2009. This was primarily due to a shift in YDC admissions policy which, with only rare exceptions, allows only youth committed to the department as Designated Felons or youth sentenced as adults to be admitted to a YDC. These offenders have much longer lengths of stay, and therefore many fewer can be admitted each year.
Long-Term Juvenile Youth Development Campus Placements by Offense: Georgia FY 2010
40.6%
30.8%
0.5% 1.4%
11.6% 0.6% 1.1% 0.5%
5.6% 4.2% 3.2%
Drug SellingDrug Use ProperPtyublSiceOx r(dNeorn-Violent)
Status
Traffic
Violent Sex
V(VOioPle/VnOt)AWC/eVaOpAonPs
Violation
Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice
A SAFER GEORGIA
74 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Although status offenses and traffic violations account for more than one-quarter of total juvenile system admissions, they represent only 2% of long-term Youth Development Campus placements.
Nearly half of youth admitted to YDCs in FY 2010 were committed to the Department for Violent and/or Sexual offenses. Three in ten were committed for Property offenses.
Juvenile Placements and Seat Belt Use
The majority of youth offenders entering the juvenile justice system are placed in community programs (83%).
The remainder of juvenile offenders are distributed among non-secure residential settings (5%), YDC (5%), and RYDC (7%).
Youth awaiting trial or placement elsewhere may be held in Regional Youth Development Centers. Committed youth may be placed in a Youth Development Campus.
Juvenile Dispositions
Juvenile Justice Placements in FY 2009
Non-Secure Residential
5%
YDC 5%
RYDC 7%
Community 83%
Source: Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice
Year 2005
Handled Within Department
Referred to Juvenile Court
9,133
30,161
Referred to Welfare De-
partment
893
Referred to Other Police Department
831
Referred to Adult/Criminal
Court
4,233
Total Dispositions
45,251
2006
7,539
23,273
703
440
4,834
36,789
2007
7,565
29,479
538
517
9,609
47,708
2008
7,000
33,084
621
457
12,971
54,133
2009
7,493
28,586
855
306
10,203
47,443
A greater proportion of Georgians wear seatbelts compared to the nation as a whole.
Georgia recorded an increase in the percentage of residents who use seatbelts between 1998 and 2008, from 74% to 90%.
The use of lap/shoulder seat belts reduces the risk of fatal injury to front-seat passengers by 45%.
In 2007, Georgia qualified for U.S. DOT Section 406 grant funding due to consecutive three year safety belt usage.
Percent Who Wear Safety Belts
Source: Georgia Uniform Crime Reporting Program
100% 80% 60%
Safety Belt Usage: The United States and Georgia, 1998-2008
74% 74% 74% 67% 69% 70%
90% 85% 87% 90% 90% 89%
79% 77% 73% 75%
79% 80% 82% 81% 82% 83%
40% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
v
Georgia
Ye ar
United States
Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
A SAFER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 75
State Highway Safety
Injury rate per 10,000 Licensed Drivers
Injury Rate on State Highways and Roads:
Georgia's state highway injury
Georgia, 1997-2008 270
rate has fluctuated considerably over the past decade due
259.8
to changes in driving behavior,
250
230
244.1
225.5
238.2
234.1
changes in motor vehicle design, and other physical factors.
215.5
210
217.3
213.8
The injury rate in Georgia declined from 260 per 100,000
190
201.7
203.9
licensed drivers in 1997 to 192
191.6
in 2003, after increasing dra-
170
175.9
matically in 2004 it again declined to 175.9 in 2008.
150
The injury rate on Georgia's
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
highways and roads de-
Ye ar
creased from 1997 to 2008 a
total of 32%.
Source: Georgia Department of Transportation
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that approximately one-quarter of reported motor vehicle crashes are due to driver inattention.
According to NHTSA, nearly 6,000 people died in 2008 in crashes involving a distracted driver, and more than half a million were injured. Younger, inexperienced drivers under 20 years old have the highest proportion of distraction-related fatal crashes.
Fatalities per 100,000
Number of Traffic Fatalities per 100,000 Population:
United States and Georgia, 1997 - 2008
22
21
20.5
20 21.1
18.7 19.6
19
18.4
19.4
18
18.3
17
17.8
16
19.0
17.2 18.2
15.4
Georgia's traffic fatality rate per 100,000 population has remained above the national average since 1997. In 2008 Georgia's rate was 15.4 per 100,000 population compared to 13. 7 nationally.
The traffic fatality rate declined from 1997 to 2008 both nation-
15 14
15.7 15.4 15.3 14.9 14.9 14.9 14.7 14.6 14.7 14.2
13.7
13
14.3
12
ally and in Georgia. Georgia's fatality rate declined by 27% during this period, compared to a 13% decrease nation-wide.
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Ye ar
United States
Georgia
Georgia included distracted driving in the State Highway Strategic Plan in 2009.
Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Fatality and Analysis Reporting System
A SAFER GEORGIA
76 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
In 2008, 1,493 people were killed in motor vehicle crashes in Georgia.
Two out of three fatal crashes (60%) and 58% of injury crashes in 2008 occurred on state routes, which comprise only 15% of all public roads in the state.
The highest traffic fatality rates among Georgia counties were recorded in Warren, Webster, Miller and Wheeler counties in 2008. A number of Atlanta metropolitan counties are among those with the lowest fatality rates among the state's counties, including Cherokee, Cobb, DeKalb, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, and Rockdale.
Motor Vehicle Fatalities
Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2008
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 1520 year olds in the United States.
People Killed in Crashes Involving a Young Driver: Georgia, 2008
In 2008, 97 young Georgian drivers died in crashes. In the same year, 52 passengers of young drivers were also killed.
Pas s engers , 22%
All Others, 36%
According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, per mile driven, teen drivers are four times more likely than older drivers to crash.
Note: Passengers include those who where traveling in the vehicle with the young driver at the time of the crash and all others are other occupants of other vehicles and non-occupants (pedestrians etc.)
Young Drivers, 42%
Source: National Highway Safety Travel Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis
A SAFER GEORGIA
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 77
A SAFER GEORGIA
78 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
BEST-MANAGED STATE
2011
LEADING INDICATORS
Georgia's ranking on the Camelot Index's prudent government measure mproved from 19th in 2003 to 2nd in 2009.
(Federal Funds Information for States, State Policy Reports)
INDICATORS
Economic Freedom and Regulatory Policy Rankings 80
State Revenues
81
State Expenditures and Bond Ratings
82
Debt Service
83
Comprehensive Annual Financial Report
84
Audits and Actuarial Liabilities
85
State Personnel and Customer Service
86
Risk Management
88
State Vehicles
89
Facilities and Construction
90
IT Systems and Commission for a New Georgia
91
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 2011
GOVERNOR'S OFFICE of PLANNING & BUDGET
Economic Freedom and Fiscal Policy Rankings
2009 Freedom in the United States Report Rankings
Economic Freedom Ranking
State:
Score:
1. South Dakota
0.385
2. New Hampshire
0.345
3. Colorado
0.337
4. North Dakota
0.315
5. Idaho
0.257
6. Georgia
0.253
7. Texas
0.225
8. Tennessee
0.225
9. Missouri
0.210
10. Alabama
0.200
Fiscal Policy Ranking
State:
Score
1. New Hampshire
0.28
2. South Dakota
0.26
3. Tennessee
0.25
4. Texas
0.22
5. Colorado
0.21
6. Missouri
0.19
7. North Dakota
0.15
8. Montana
0.13
9. Georgia
0.13
10. Idaho
0.12
According to the 2009 Freedom in the 50 United States report published by the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Georgia ranks 6th in Economic Freedom and 9th in Fiscal Policies.
The Freedom in the 50 States report ranks states in four main areas: Fiscal Policy, Regulatory Policy, Economic Freedom, and Personal Freedom.
Source: Mercatus Center, George Mason University
Georgia is the highest ranking southeastern state in the Mercatus Center's economic freedom rankings and the second highest ranking southeastern state in the fiscal policy rankings.
Georgia's ranking on the Camelot Index's prudent government measure has improved from 19th in 2003 to 2nd in 2009.
Camelot Index - Prudent Government Score:
2004
Georgia, 2004-2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
-
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Camelot Index Criteria
Four criteria are used to determine a state's "Prudent Government" score.
1. State and local taxes as a percentage of personal income.
2. The state solvency index that deducts state and local debt and unfunded pension liabilities from assets.
State Delaware Georgia Maryland Virginia
2004 13.8 22.8 19.8 14.5
2005 20.3 18.8 28.3 18.8
2006 11.8 13.0 17.0 10.0
2007 10.8 12.0 15.8 9.5
2008 10.0 12.3 14.3 11.8
2009 9.3 12.3 12.3 12.3
2009 Rank 1 2 2 2
3. Structural surpluses and deficits, which compares anticipated revenue growth to what is necessary to maintain current levels of service.
South Dakota Florida
13.8 11.0 12.8 12.8 11.8 12.5 22.8 22.0 18.8 20.3 18.3 12.8
5
4. Bond ratings.
6
Arizona
22.3 22.8 17.3 17.0 13.8 13.5
7
Colorado
14.8 19.5 14.3 14.0 14.3 14.5
8
Source: Federal Funds Information for States (FFIS), State Policy Reports; The 2008 Camelot Index.
BEST MANAGED STATE
80 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
State Revenues
Since 1980, state fund revenues have increased from $2.8 billion to $17.0 billion in FY 2010.
$25,000
Total State Fund Revenues: Georgia, FY 1980 - FY 2010
Fiscal year 2009 revenues declined 9.9% compared to the previous year.
Since 1980 the state has experienced four periods of flat or declining revenues: 1991-1992, 1997-1998, 20022004, and 2008-2010.
Thousands
$20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Est
The state aggressively funded
the revenue short fall reserve
$0
in FY 2006 and FY 2007,
which helped to cushion the
impact of the latest revenue
decline.
State Fiscal Year
Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget, Budget In Brief, Amended FY 2010 and Fiscal Year 2011
The state sales tax is set at 4%. Local governments may assess additional sales tax with the approval of its voters.
On average, for every dollar spent on a lottery ticket, 26 cents funds the Pre-K and HOPE programs and 63 cents goes to lottery prizes.
Georgia has a diversified tax base with nearly 29% of revenues coming from sales tax and almost 45% coming from income tax.
Motor fuel tax is 7.5 cents per gallon plus 4% sales tax on every gallon of gas.
The state constitution stipulates that motor fuel funds can only be used for the construction and maintenance of roads and bridges.
Sources of State Revenue (FY 2010)
Income Tax Corporate 2.90%
Sales Tax 28.7%
Motor Fuel Tax and Interest 5.30%
Other Taxes 6.1%
Fees & Sales 4.70%
Income Tax Individual 44.90%
Miscellaneous 0.03%
Lottery Funds 5.10%
Tobacco Settlement
1.70%
Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget, FY 2010 Budget In Brief
BEST MANAGED STATE
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 81
State Expenditures and Bond Ratings
How State Dollars are Spent (FY 2010)
Healthy Georgia 19%
Educated Georgia 58.1%
Safe Georgia 8.1%
Best Managed State 4.4%
Grow ing Georgia Debt Service 4.3% 6.1%
Source: Governor's Office of Planning and Budget , FY 2010 Budget in Brief
Approximately 58% of the state funds budget is for education, from Pre-K to college to HOPE scholarships and grants.
Healthy Georgia is 19% of state expenditures which includes both health care programs such as Medicaid and the State Health Benefit Plan, as well as human service programs, such as mental health services, child protective services, foster care, and welfare assistance.
Georgia ranks 8th in state economic outlook rankings in the 2009 American Legislative Exchange Council's State Economic Competitiveness Index, the highest of any southeastern state.
Georgia is 1 of 7 states with a triple-A bond rating from all three major bond rating agencies.
Bond Ratings Fiscal Year 2009
Moody Investor Services Standard and Poors Fitch's Investor's Service
Source: Rating Agencies
Aaa AAA AAA
BEST MANAGED STATE
82 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
The state has maintained its triple-A bond rating from all three rating agencies for over 20 years.
The better a state's bond rating, the lower the interest it must pay for borrowing.
Debt Service
Georgia's net
outstanding debt increased 22% between FY 2006 and FY 2010, while debt as a percent of personal income ratio increased only slightly.
Fiscal Year Ended June
30 2006
2007
2008
Debt Outstanding ($millions) 7,524.7
8,259.5
8,441.1
Historical Debt Ratios
Debt as % of
Personal $ Debt per
Income
Capita
2.6
829
Debt as % of Estimated Full
Value
0.9
Debt Service as % of Debt % of Debt
% of Prior Year Retired in 5 Retired in 10
Receipts
Years
Years
5.7
40
69
2.7
876
1.0
6.1
39
67
2.6
886
0.9
5.7
38
67
The ratio debt
service as a percent of prior year receipts declined slightly during this period.
2009
9,115.5
2.8
2010
9,150.9
2.7
939 909
0.9
5.6
37
66
0.9
6.7
38
67
Source: Official Statements for State of Georgia General Obligation Bonds
Note: Rating agencies have noted increased borrowing in response to population growth, but ratios have remained very moderate.
Debt Ratio Results
The debt management plan guides the State in determining the proper level of bonds that can be sold to meet these needs without jeopardizing its triple-A rating.
Debt Service to Prior Year Receipts
Triple-A Average Planning Level 2011
NA
7.0%
8.0%
Debt Service to current Year Receipts
Debt to Personal Income
Debt per Capita Debt to Actual Value
NA 2.9% $1,158 ----
NA 3.50% $1,200
NA
7.3% 2.8% $932 0.9%
2012
7.5%
7.3% 2.7% $938 0.9%
2013
7.3%
7.0% 2.5% $921 0.9%
2014
6.9%
6.7% 2.4% $905 0.8%
2015
7.0%
6.7% 2.3% $886 0.8%
Note: Peak debt ratios shown in bold. Based on debt outstanding at the end of the year. *Georgia's constitutional debt limit is for both general obligation and guaranteed revenue debt, the highest aggregate annual debt service requirements, including proposed debt, for the current year or any subsequent year, cannot exceed 10 percent of the prior year's total treasury receipts. In addition, 10 percent is the standard used by rating agency analysts as a warning level that should not be exceeded, as a greater percentage could place too heavy a fixed-cost burden on the budget, thereby limiting fiscal flexibility.
Comparison of Debt Ratios for Triple-A States
Georgia continues to be one of 8 states currently rated triple-A by each of the 3 major rating agencies.
Georgia is close to the triple-A average in all categories.
State Georgia Delaware Iowa* Maryland
Missouri
North Carolina Utah Virginia
Net TaxSupported Debt Per Capita (1)
$1,120 2,489
73 1,608
780
765 957 895
Net Tax-
Supported Debt
Ranking as a % of 2005
Among 50 Personal In-
States (1)
come (1)
21
3.3%
6
6.2
49
0.2
14
3.4
31
2.2
32
2.3
24
3.2
29
2.1
Ranking Among 50 States (1)
19 6 48 18
33
31 21 35
Percent FY2006 Debt Service to Prior Year Reve-
nues (2) 5.7% 5.8
0.1
6.0
Debt to Full Value (3) 0.9% 1.2 NA
1.2
2.6
1.3
3.78
1.0
5.4
0.5
3.9
0.89
Triple-A Median
926
NA
2.8
NA
5.4
1.0
Triple-A Average 1,086
NA
2.9
NA
4.7
1.0
50-State Median
936
NA
2.5
NA
NA
NA
50-State Average 1,297
NA
3.2
NA
NA
NA
(1) Compiled from Moody's Investor's Service, 2010 State Debt Medians. (2) Compiled from FY 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports and various official statements. *Iowa attained triple/triple-A rating status as a result of rating agency recalibrations in April 2010.
Source: Georgia State Finance and Investment Commission, State Debt Management Plan
BEST MANAGED STATE
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 83
Comprehensive Annual Financial Report
Number of Months
Time Frame to Complete the CAFR: Georgia, FY 1998 - FY 2009
20 18 16 14 12
10 8 6 4 2 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Actual Time Time Frame Goal
In 2004 Governor Perdue set a goal and challenged state agencies to complete the CAFR in 6 months or less.
The amount of time to compile the CAFR has decreased from 18 months in FY 2003 to 6 months in 2009, representing a 67%decrease.
Source: State Accounting Office and Department of Audits and Accounts
Georgia created a State Accounting Office on July 1, 2005 to establish statewide standards and practices and align responsibility for the state's financial reports and the accounting system.
CAFR stands for Comprehensive Annual Financial Report and is a standard annual financial report prepared by most governments that includes basic information about the state, the auditor's report, financial statements and a statistical section.
Number of Qualifications
Number of Qualifications Included in the CAFR: Georgia, FY 1998 - FY 2009
12 10
8
6 4 2
The number of qualifications to the CARF have ranged from a high of 10 in 1998 to 0 in 2007.
The number of qualifications fluctuated between 1998 to 2004, and declined from 2004 to 2007.
There were no qualifications to the CAFRs between 2007 and 2009.
0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Audit Fiscal Year
Source: Department of Audits and Accounts
Note: The Department of Audits and Accounts gave an unqualified opinion of the FY 2007-FY 2009 CAFRs, meaning that no qualifications were issued. The goal of the State is to achieve an unqualified opinion on the CAFR.
BEST MANAGED STATE
84 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Audit Findings and Actuarial Liabilities
The goal of the Department of Audits and Accounts is for 80% of its recommendations be implemented within 24 months of the release of the report. The department has met or exceeded this goal.
The Department of Audits has 316 employees. The major offices and divisions include: Administrative, Education Audit, Healthcare Audits, Information Systems Audit and Assurance Services, Information Technology, Nonprofit and Local Government Audits, Performance Audit Operations, the Sales Ratio, and State Government Division.
Number of Significant Audit Findings Reported and
Resolved: Georgia, FY 2000 - FY 2009
140
130 120
115
125
110 100 92
90 80 84 70
75 60
99 82 105
60
69
50
59
56
40
27
30
45 32
21 44
20
25
10
19
24
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Fiscal Year
Number of Findings Requiring Corrective Action Number of Findings Acted Upon, if Corrective Action in Needed
Source: Georgia Department of Audits and Accounts
Benefit payments paid to Employee's Retirement System (ERS) retirees and beneficiaries increased by $92.7 million,
(8.1%) from $1.15 billion in 2008 to $1.24 billion in 2009. This increase was the result of increases in the number of retirees and beneficiaries receiving benefits across all plans and post-retirement cost-of-living increases in benefits as well as a contingent liability involving retroactive benefit payments (2009 ERS Auditors Report).
There are more than 71,000 active members in the Employee's Retirement System.
The net assets of the Employees Retirement System (ERS) decreased by nearly $3.0 billion, (18.5%), from $16.1 billion on June 30, 2008 to $13.2 billion on June 30, 2009. The decline was primarily due to declining equities markets in 2009 (2009 ERS Annual Report).
The Teachers Retirement System (TRS) is the largest public retirement system in the State of Georgia and the 28th largest retirement system in the United States, the System pays out $2.7 billion in benefits per year (Source: 2008 TRS CAFR).
Funding Ratio of Actuarial Liabilities for Retirement Systems: Georgia, FY 2004 - FY 2009
140% 120% 100%
80% 60% 40% 20%
0%
2004
2005
2006
2007
Fiscal YFeiasrcal Year
2008
2009
ERS
Judicial Public School Employees
Ga Military Pension Funds
TRS Legislative
Source: Year-end financial reports
BEST MANAGED STATE
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 85
State Personnel
Distribution of Employees by Age and Tenure: Georgia, 2010
Number of Employees
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0 5 or Less 6 to 10
11 to 15 16 to 20 21 to 25 26 to 30 Over 30 Tenure
Age:
25 or Less 26 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 56 to 65 Over 65
Source: State Personnel Administration Enterprise Workforce Report, Fiscal Year 2010
41% of state employees have been employed with the state 5 years or less.
21% of state employees have 6 to 10 years of employment with the state.
48% of state employees are age 45 or older.
The state positions with the highest turnover are Juvenile Correctional Officer 1 and Social Services Specialist.
The State workforce is aging; 48% of the workforce is currently over the age of 45; yet over 62% of the workforce has less than 10 years of tenure with the State.
The average tenure of State employees based on reported service date is 9 years.
State government is an "at-will" employer meaning either party may end the employment relationship at any time for no reason at all, without incurring a penalty. The state eliminated its civil service system in 1996.
Distribution of Employees by Pay Grade: Georgia, 2010
Pay Grade 11-13 46%
Pay Grade 14-18 24%
Pay Grade 19-27 3%
Pay Grade 5-10, 27%
Pay Grade Pay Grades 5-10
Minimum Maximum $14,600 $38,600
Pay Grades 11 to 13 $24,300 $51,400
Pay Grades 14-18
$32,400 $82,900
Pay Grades 19-27
$52,100 $195,600
Over 73% of state employees are in pay grade 13 and below.
The state personnel administration issues an annual report and regular analytical reports on the state's workforce. These reports can be found at www.spa.ga.gov.
Source: State Personnel Administration Enterprise Workforce Report, Fiscal Year 2010
BEST MANAGED STATE
86 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
State Employee Turnover and Customer Service
Voluntary turnover includes resignations and employees departing for professional and personal reasons.
The percentage of retirements increased from 12% to 17% from 2007 to 2010.
Involuntary turnovers include dismissals, releases, and reductions in force.
Annual turnover in the state of Georgia is near 13%, while annual turnover in the private sector is 48.7%.
6% of turnover is comprised of interagency transfers (internal).
Voluntary (external)
54%
Major Categories of Turnover State Employees, 2010
Trans f er (internal)
6% Death 1%
Involuntary (external)
22%
Retirement (external)
17%
Source: State Personnel Administration Enterprise Workforce Report, Fiscal Year 2010
Three agencies have an average tenure of 7 years or less. These agencies include: Public Defender Standards, State Road and Tollway Authority, and the State Financing and Investment Commission.
Faster, Friendlier, and Easier has been the slogan of a sustained effort to improve customer service in the state. Significant progress is being made to improve state services. For example, State call centers have improved speed to answer from 5 minutes to nearly 2 minutes. Furthermore, of the call centers, 60% are meeting the goal of answering within 1 minute. See below for additional results.
A 2009 survey measured public opinion of state customer service of various services. The statewide customer service quality score was 76% or very good.
The state has over 31 service specific call centers 11 of which
Statewide Rapid Process Improvement Results
are outsourced. The state created a statewide call center Process
Baseline
Today
(1-800-Georgia) to connect
Issuance of Driver Licenses
Georgians to the right govern-
2 hours
to 8 minutes
ment service on their first call.
Financial Aid Applications
3.5 months to 1 month
State call centers receive over
1,000,000 calls per month.
Child Support
14 weeks
to Same-day
1-800-Georgia has a 98%
service
customer satisfaction rating.
PeachCare for Kids/Medicaid
15 weeks
to 15 days
Georgia's national ranking
Approval
among the 50 states for its abil- Motor Vehicle Titles ity to collect and distribute child
6 weeks
to 5 days
support has improved dramatically from 47th in FY 2006 to 30th in FY 2009.
Adoption Records
4 months
to 3 weeks
Source: Office of Customer Service
BEST MANAGED STATE
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 87
Risk Management
Number of Claims
Risk Management: Workers Compensation Claims
10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 -
$90,000,000
Number of Claims
$80,000,000 $70,000,000 $60,000,000
$50,000,000
Cost of Claims
$40,000,000 $30,000,000
$20,000,000
$10,000,000
$0 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009
Number of Workers Compensation Claims
Cost of Workers Compensation Claims
Number of Claims
Risk Management: Property Claims
900
$35,000,000
800 Number of 700 Claims 600 500
$30,000,000 $25,000,000 $20,000,000
400
$15,000,000
300
200
Cost of
$10,000,000
100
Claims
$5,000,000
0
$0
FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009
Number of Property Claims
Cost of Property Claims
Cost of Claims
Cost of Claims
There were 2,465 fewer workers compensation claims in FY 2009 compared to FY 2005. 57% of all claims come from three state agencies: Board of Regents (21%), Department of Corrections (19%), and Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities (17%).
The cost of claims has risen due to inflation in medical costs, increase in utilization of medical treatments, severity of injuries, and an increase in rehabilitation services and costs.
Note: To reduce long-term exposure, approximately 240 permanent total disability cases were settled in FY 2008, increasing the lump sum indemnity paid out during the year.
Property Claims increased from FY 2005 to FY 2008, and decreased from FY 2008 to FY 2009. The cost of claims increased from $3.7 million to $32 million in FY 2008 due to the storms (tornadoes) in March and May of 2008.
56% of all claims in FY 2009 came from two agencies: Board of Regents (44%) and the Department of Corrections (12%).
Number of Claims
1200 1000
800 600 400 200
0
Risk Management: Auto Liability Claims
$10,000,000
Number of Claims
$9,000,000 $8,000,000
$7,000,000
$6,000,000
$5,000,000
Cost of Claims
$4,000,000 $3,000,000 $2,000,000
$1,000,000
$0 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009
Number of Auto Liability Claims
Cost of Auto Liability Claims
Source: Department of Administrative Services
BEST MANAGED STATE
88 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Cost of Claims
Auto liability claims decreased by 362 claims from FY 2005 to FY 2009.
The cost of auto liability claims has fluctuated between $8 million and $4.7 million over the past four years while at the same time the number of claims has decreased.
The agencies that have the most auto liability claims are: Board of Regents (24%), Community Service Boards (15%), Transportation (13%), Public Safety (9%), and Corrections (8%).
The average age of a vehicle in the state fleet is approximately 10 years.
Largest (Top 10) Fleet Agencies are listed below:
Agency
Vehicles
Transportation Corrections Natural Resources Public Safety Behavioral Health Georgia Forestry Bureau of Investigation Dept. of Agriculture Dept. of Juvenile Justice Georgia Ports Auth.
4,119 1,921 1,440 1,401
985 691 456 345 289 212
Age in Years
State Vehicles
Average Age of the State Fleet: Georgia, FY 2005 - FY 2010
12.0
10.5
10.1
9.0
9.0
8.4
7.8
8.1
7.5
6.0
4.5
3.0
1.5
0.0 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
9.4 2010
Source: Department of Administrative Services
The number of vehicles in the state fleet has decreased 5.4% from 19,538 in June 2004 to 18,415 in June 2010.
The state operates the fourth largest state government fleet with over 20,000 on-road passenger vehicles.
The average mileage of a vehicle in the state fleet is approximately 110,000 miles.
The percent of the state fleet with over 135,000 miles has increased from 24.4% of the fleet in FY 2006 to 28.4% in FY 2010. This percentage is likely to increase due to limited funding for replacement vehicles.
The number of vehicles with over 200,000 miles increased 48% from 937 in FY 2006 to 1,391 in FY 2010.
Number of vehicles
8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000
Number of Vehicles with More than 135,000 miles: Georgia, FY 2006 - FY 2010
24.4% of all vehicles
31.5% of all ve hicle s
24.9% of all ve hicle s
33.0% of all ve hicle s
28.4% of all ve hicle s
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0 FY 2006
FY 2007
FY 2008
FY 2009
FY 2010
135,000 -174,999 175,000 -199,999 200,000 and Over
Source: Department of Administrative Services
BEST MANAGED STATE
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 89
Facilities and Construction
Consumption (KWH) Cost ($)
GBA Electricity Consumption and Cost: Georgia,
120,000,000
FY 2006 - FY 2010
8,000,000
100,000,000 80,000,000
7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000
60,000,000
4,000,000
40,000,000 20,000,000
3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000
-
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Fiscal Year
Electricity Consumption
Electricity Cost
Source: Office of the State Property Officer
Electricity consumption at all GBA operated facilities has decreased 24.8 million kilowatt hours or nearly 26% from FY 2006 to FY 2010.
The cost of electricity for all GBA operated facilities decreased by $675,184 from FY 2007 to FY 2010.
GBA manages space totaling approximately 7.6 million gross square feet.
GBA provides access control and security to state facilities for over 13,000 state employees and contractors.
The Georgia Building Authority (GBA) operates 67 buildings and various other structures which include the state capitol building, surrounding office buildings, and the Governor's Mansion. It also operates or manages 19 parking facilities, 4 parks or plazas, 6 confederate cemeteries and 2 warehouse complexes.
State treasury proceeds generated from State Properties Commission leases and property sales for FY 2010 totaled $14.5 million.
Number of Projects
Projects Completed On-Time in Georgia: FY 2007 - 2009
35
30
25
20
60 %
15
15
10
9
85% 20
17
88%
26 23
5
0 FY 2007
FY 2008
FY 2009
Total Projects On-Time
Source: Office of the State Property Officer
BEST MANAGED STATE
90 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
A state property officer (SPO) was established in 2006 with responsibility for the State Properties Commission, Georgia Building Authority, and Georgia State Finance and Investment Commission (GSFIC) to oversee all of the states' real estate and facilities.
A new state construction manual was issued in 2007. This is the first update since 1954.
GSFIC managed construction projects completed on time increased from 60% in FY 2007 to 88% in FY 2009.
IT Systems and Commission for a New Georgia
Georgia Technology Authority's 2009 report is the second assessment of the security of the state's IT systems. The first assessment was completed in 2008.
2009 Security Status of State IT Systems
Critical Impact
Number of Systems Reported
With Security Plans
Independently Assessed
With Disaster Recovery Plans
Tested Disaster Recovery
Plans
The table shows the total
number of systems reported
High
67
27
13
15
11
for each impact categorization. Moderate 229
78
40
It also shows the number of
systems reported to have
Low
97
11
15
65
51
14
20
security plans and the number
All
393
116
68
94
82
with independent
assessments. The requirement High Impact Those systems where an incident affecting information confidenti-
for independent assessments ality, integrity, or availability would have a severe or catastrophic adverse effect.
only applies to high-impact
systems, and it is an annual requirement.
Moderate Impact Those systems where an incident affecting information confidentiality, integrity, or availability would have a serious adverse effect.
The full IT security report can Low Impact Those systems where an incident affecting information confidentibe downloaded on the GTA ality, integrity, or availability would have a limited adverse effect. website.
Source: GTA Enterprise Information Security Report, FY 2009
Since 2003, 86% of Commission for a New Georgia (CNG) recommendations reviewed by implementation teams have been instituted.
Governor Purdue was named a 2009 Innovator in Action by Reason Magazine for the work of the Commission for a New Georgia.
CNG Task Force recommendations initiated improvements affecting several indicators noted in this report: fleet reduction, risk claims, process improvement in customer service, energy consumption and on-time construction projects.
COMMISSION for A NEW GEORGIA GOVERNOR'S OFFICE of IMPLEMENTATION
For seven years, the private-sector Commission for A New Georgia has served as state government's "real world consultant" in the mission to make Georgia the best-managed state in America. CEOs, business leaders and management experts have analyzed a broad range of state functions and recommended changes that are enabling government to work better and cost less.
All 24 CNG task forces have been catalysts for transformation in key operational areas. Streamlined processes, best practices, and new technologies have produced validated results in efficiency, effectiveness, accountability and cost-savings.
On a higher level, CNG-related projects have created the platform for enterprise-wide systems for managing assets, costs, risks and service delivery. Major initiatives in leadershipbuilding and customer service are embedding a culture of service and performance in the government workforce.
The Governor's Office of Implementation initiates and organizes administration and agency action on CNG recommendations. Since 2004, inter-agency teams have processed recommendations of all 24 task forces.
IMPLEMENTATION SCORECARD
Commission for A New Georgia 2003-2010
24 130 127 98%
Task Forces in Key Areas Recommendations Implemented In Action
Source: Commission for a New Georgia Implementation Scorecard
BEST MANAGED STATE
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE 91
BEST MANAGED STATE
92 GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
SOURCES
2011
GOVERNOR'S OFFICE of PLANNING & BUDGET
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
Sources
A GROWING GEORGIA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.doe.gov/ Georgia Department of Community Health, Division of Public Health, http://health.state.ga.us/ Georgia Department of Economic Development, http://www.georgia.org Georgia Department of Education, http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/ci_iap_esol.aspx Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Family and Children's Services, http://dhs.georgia.gov/portal/
site/DHS/
Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, http://www.gaepd.org/ Georgia Department of Transportation, Aviation Programs, http://tomcat2.dot.state.ga.us/Aviation/Aviation_Planning/
system_plan.cfm
Georgia Ports Authority, http://www.gaports.com/ Georgia Regional Transportation Authority, http://www.grta.org/ Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Department of Aviation, http://www.atlanta-airport.com/ Travel Industry Association, http://www.tia.org/index.html University of Georgia, Georgia Statistics System, http://www.georgiastats.uga.edu/ US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, http://www.ers.usda.gov/ US Department of Commerce, http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/income.html US Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, http://www.census.gov/acs/ US Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Population Estimates, http://www.census.gov/popest/estimates.html US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Accounts,
http://www.bea.gov/regional/
US Department of Commerce, Trade Statistics Express, http://tse.export.gov/ US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, State and Local Unemployment, http://stats.bls.gov/
A HEALTHIER GEORGIA
American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures, http://www.cancer.org/docroot/STT/STT_0.asp Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Diabetes
Data and Trends, http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DDTSTRS/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Survey,
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/stats-surv/imz-coverage.htm#nis
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER),
http://wonder.cdc.gov/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey,
http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm
Georgia Board of Physicians Workforce, http://gbpw.georgia.gov/portal/site/GBPW/ Georgia Department of Community Health,
http://dch.georgia.gov/02/dch/home/0,2467,31446711,00.html;jsessionid=395ECAA72709379E11E81A4AED157A76
Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health: Oral Health of Georgia's Children: Results from
the 2005 Georgia Third Grade Oral Health Survey, http://health.state.ga.us/pdfs/familyhealth/oral/2005GeorgiaThirdGradeSurveyApril2006.pdf
Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Online Analytical Statistical Information System
(OASIS), http://oasis.state.ga.us/
Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health: Obesity in Georgia's Third Grade Children, 2005,
http://health.state.ga.us/pdfs/epi/3rdGradeBMISummary.pdf
Georgia Health Policy Center, http://aysps.gsu.edu/ghpc/761.html Kaiser Family Foundation, State Health Facts, http://www.statehealthfacts.org/
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE
HEALTHIER (continued)
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/ United Health Foundation, America's Health Rankings, http://www.americashealthrankings.org/StateRanking.aspx US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Service Administration, http://www.hrsa.gov/ US Substance Abuse And Mental Health Services Administration, National Mental Health Information Center,
http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/MentalHealthStatistics/UniformReport.asp
AN EDUCATED GEORGIA
Department of Early Care and Learning, http://decal.ga.gov Department of Education, http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/index.aspx Georgia Board of Regents, http://www.usg.edu/ Georgia Governor's Office of Student Achievement, http://www.gaosa.org/ Georgia Student Finance Commission, http://www.gsfc.org/gsfcnew/index.cfm National Center on Education Statistics, http://nces.ed.gov/NationsReportCard/ Southern Regional Education Board, http://www.sreb.org Technical College System of Georgia; http://www.technicalcollegesystemofgeorgia.org/ The College Board, http://www.collegeboard.com/ U.S. Census Bureau, http://www.census.gov/
A SAFER GEORGIA Department of Human Resources, Division of Family & Children Services,
http://dfcs.dhr.georgia.gov/portal/site/DHS-DFCS/
Georgia Bureau of Investigation, http://gbi.georgia.gov/02/gbi/home/0,2615,67862954,00.html Georgia Department of Community Affairs, http://www.dca.state.ga.us/ Georgia Department of Corrections, http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/ Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles, http://www.pap.state.ga.us/opencms/opencms/ U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, http://www.fbi.gov/ U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ Governor's Office of Planning and Budget, http://opb.georgia.gov/
BEST MANAGED STATE
Georgia Department of Administrative Services. http://doas.ga.gov/Pages/Home.aspx Georgia Department of Audits and Accounts, http://www.audits.ga.gov Georgia State Accounting Office, http://www.sao.georgia.gov Georgia State Finance and Investment Commission, State Debt Management Plan; http://gsfic.georgia.gov/ Governor's Office of Customer Service. Governor's Office of Planning and Budget; http://opb.georgia.gov/ GTA Enterprise Information Security Report, http://gta.georgia.gov/ State Personnel Administration Enterprise Workforce Report, http://www.spa.ga.gov/ The PEW Center on the States, Grading the States: A Management Report Card,
http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/gpp_report_card.aspx
Office of the State Properties Commission, http://gspc.georgia.gov
GEORGIA IN PERSPECTIVE