OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
MACON, GEORGIA,
MACOr , GEORGIA: J. W. BURKE & CO., PRINTERS AND BINDERS.
1 79.
,

~RUSTEES A D FFICERS.

JAMES MERCER GREEN, PRESIDENT,

L. N. WHITTLE,

VIRGIL POWERS,

HENRY L. JEWETT, TREASURER,

C. A. NUTTING,

PETER SOLOMON,

T. G. HOLT.

W. D. WILLIAMS, .

SECRETARY.

W. D. WILLIAMS, A. M., . PRINCIPAL.

MISS H. GUILLAN

DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE.

V. CZURDA,. . . DIRECTOR OF MUSIC.

J. T. COLEY,.
J. J. BURKS,

IN MUSIC. . IN MUSIC AND LITERATURE.

Moster of Workshop, F. E. SAU DERS.

GEORGIA ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND,

MACON, GA., October 31St, 1879.

HaN. A. H. COLQUITT, Governor of Georgia:

STR-In behalf of the Board of Trustees of the Georgia Acad-

emy for the Blind, and in accordance with the law relating to the

same, the following reports of the proceedings of the Institution

for the Academic year beginning Octobtr 1St, 1878, and ending

September 30th, 1879, are submitted:

With the President's Report are submitted

the Treas-

urer and the Principal, in which will be found a complete state-

ment of all receipts and expenditures of the Institution proper,

both for maintenance and for improvements and repairs. The

Treasurer's Report shows that the appropriation for mainte-

nance, in orders in favor of the Principal, has been nine thousand

jive lzund1-ed dollars, and for improvements and repairs, tltree

tllOltsand tltree ltundred dollars and tltree cents. This latter sum

has been used judiciously in improving and repairing and beau-

tifying the grounds, erecting some new buildings and adding

much to the comfort and convenience of officers, pupils and

employees.

We have in connection with the Institution, but entirely out-

side of the State appropriations, two charity funds, of which the

Treasurer is trustee.

The first is called the "Pupils' Fund." This originated in

the gifts of individual members of the Georgia Legislature, before

whom an exhibition was made in the e:uly days of the Institu-

tion, and of some other friends of the blind, who witnessed it.

These gifts amounted at the time to about six hundred dollars,

and was invested by the Trustee, Col. R. A. Smith, in whose

hands the collection was placed, in the stock of the Southwest-

ern Railroad Company. It now consists of fourteen shares of

the stock of the Southwestern Railroad Company, two shares of

4

PRESIDENT'S REPORT.

the stock of the Capital Bank of Macon, and one hundred and twelve dollars and ten cents in cash in the hands of the trustee. The proceeds of this fund are used, as occasion may demand, in making donations to meritorious pupils, either during their academic course or after its completion, to enable them to commence the struggle of life not entirely unprovided with the means of support.
The second is called the "Fund of pecial Relief." This fund originated in the taking by the Principal, in the payment of a debt which had accumulated during the war for the board and tuition of a pupil, bonds of the Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad Company, amounting to one thousand dollars. The fund now consists of one Missi ippi and Tennessee Railroad Company bond of one thousand dollars, seven shares of the stock of the Capital Bank of Macon, and one hundred and six dollars and fifty cents cash in the hands of the trustee. This fund is held subject to charitable uses in connection with the blind of the Institution.
The Legislature having made an appropriation for the support of the Institution for two years, ending September 30th, 1880, no appropriation is asked for the next fiscal year.
JAMES MERCER GREE ,Presidmt.

Georgia Academy for the Blind-In account with HENRY L. JEWETT, Treasurer.

18 78.

DR.

1878.

DR.

ORDERS or 'filE BOARD-

Sept 3o-By balance,. . . . .

$1,312 87

October 15-To paid order favor Principal. $ 600 00

STATE ApI'ROPRIATION-

y

18 79.

Oct. 15-By Third Quarter, 1878,

3375 00

~ t'l

October I-To paid sundry orders to date, 8,900 00-$9,500 00

1879.

IMPROVk:MENT AND REPAIRS-

Jan 14-By First Quarter, 1879,. . $3.000 00

qot>o::t:

October I-To paid sundry hills, as per

March 10-~y Second Quarter, 1879, 3.000 00

t'l

vouchers submitted to the

June 9-By Third Quarter, 1879, .. . 3,000 00

~
rr.~

Board, .. ctober 1-To Balance,. . .

3,300 03 July 23-By Fourth Quarter, 1879," . 3,000 00-812000 00

~

4,397 84

EXPENSE MAINTENANCE-

:':

Oct. I-By Board Prof. Czurda, and two

o'1:l

children of W. D. Williams,

:>::
t'"

Principal,. . . . .

510 00

Total .

$17,197 87

Total ..

Oct. I-By Balance

$17,197 87 $4,397 84

C)l

To tlte Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blilld:
GENTLEMEN-I have the honor herewith to submit my Report as Principal for the twenty-eighth year of the Georgia Academy for the Blind.
The attendance of pupil during the year has been unu ually regular. Of the sixty-six whose names appear on the roll appended to this report, we have had an average monthly attendance of fifty-eight. The numher of pupils is not as great as it ought to be. There are many blind children in the State who have not yet been placed under our care, for whom we have accommodations; and it is sometimes thought, by persons who know the advantages of the Institution, to be a strange fact that the parents and guardians of the blind are not eager to send them to us for education, as soon a<; they reach the school age. This fact we deplore, but it is nevertheless a fact. Experience in the business teaches us that persistent efforts must be made and continued, in order to build up and maintain in its full work an institution for the blind, to induce the attendance of those for whose benefit it is designed. The unfortunate lunatic, or the imbecile child is a burden, a care, a trouble-perhaps a perilous charge to the home and the community-hence, there is desire, there is riddance, there is security; perhaps, ~lso, there are hopes of restoration, in sending such to the Asylum. But in the case of the blind or deaf mute child, he is often the pet and the joy of the family-the object of the tenderest affection and sympathetic concern at home; the school is far away, under the care of strangers and at which the child will have unknown companionship among similar sufferers; there may be doubts that he will receive the care that his condition needs or have the food that is good, sufficient or palatable for him; also in the ignorance of the modes of instruction there may be distrust of the extent or utility of the education to be acquired; hence there is hesitation, reluctance and often positive refusal to send him to the Institution. In order to overcome this ad-

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

7

verse force to the benevolent designs of the Institution, it has been recognized as a part of their business to use effort and influence, and for this purpose to make exhibitions when there are proper opportunities for them, and at cost to send out their officers among the people of the State to hunt up the defectives, to explain the special modes, to give information and use all proper efforts to secure to the unfortunate classes, the benefits contemplated in the organization of such State charities. The mere location of the Institution, however favorable, with its proper outfit and adequate endowment, with occasional notices and advertisements in the newspapers and circulars sent out now and then to county officials will not do the work. This is the experience of all such Institutions.
The health of the household during the year, with the exception of two cases of sickness rendering necessary the removal of the pupils to their homes, has been, under Divine Providence, very good.
The exercises of the Institution in its three departments, Literary, Musical, and Mechanical, have been steadily maintained throughout the year, and I trust with profitable results.
The following is the classified abstract of the Receipts and Expenditures for Maintenance:

RECEIPTS.

Balance from 1878,. . . . . .

$274 08

Orders of the Board from Oct. I, 1878, to Oct. I, 1879,. . 9,500 00-"9,774 08

EXPE DITURES. I. Salaries,. 2. Postage, stationery, writing material, 3. Carriage hire and travel,. . 4. School expenses, books, etc.,. . 5. Music expenses, repairs of instruments, etc., 6. Work materials, shop machinery, etc.,. . 7. Pupil's clothes,. . . . . 8. House furnishing, repairs of furniture, etc., 9. Servant hire, mcluding washing, ..
I"10. Fuel and lights, . . . Provisions,. . . . . . . 12. Special, insurance, medicines, printing, etc., 13. Housekeepers' pay,. 14. Repairs of property, .

$3,179 00
35 77 98 60 110 98 66 20
293 21
420 32 572 61
70 4 65 702 46 2,498 50 462 61 28000
199 85-$9,624 26

Balance .

149 82

8

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

As information to the public, it is proper for me to submit a few remarks upon the above statement:
I. This statement includes only the expenditures of the Principal, and specifically those relating to the school and domestic management. Expenditures on the grounds and outbuildings, whether for use or ornamentation, have been made by the Trustees through a Committee on Repairs and Improvements, which matters will doubtless appear in the Report of the officers of the Board.
2. The Principal's accounts, accompanied with the vouchers, have been submitted with his monthly reports to an auditing committee in advance of the time of the monthly meetings, by whom they have been carefully examined, and then referred to the Board for the action of that body. Every item in the foregoing statement has been in this way approved.
3. The expenses of a pupil in this Institution-including everything-board, tuition, fuel, clothing, repairs and insurance of property, books, use of instruments, etc., etc., can be found by dividing the total of expenditures above given, ($9,624.26,) by fifty-eight, the average monthly attendance. This will give for the year $165.93 per capita of pupils. A like division of the item for salaries, which includes the compensation paid for superintendence, matronship, teaching in the literary department, teaching in the musical department on the piano, violin, organ and guitar, solo and class-singing, (and let it be remembered that nearly every pupil takes music lessons, and most of them on two and three instruments,) and for instruction and training in the industries, will give $54.81 as the per capita. The same division of the item, provisions, which includes the food consumed by the officers, teachers, pupils and servants, and the household residents during the vacation, will give $43.08 as the per capita. In the same way all the other items might be divided. But in view of the fact that five hundred and ten dollars has been paid into the treasury of the Academy for the board of two members of the Principal's family, and of the principal teacher of music, the cost of which has been included in the items of the foregoing classification, the total amount of expenditures ought to be abated by that sum j then the total average expense per capita of pupils will be reduced to $157.14, and the averages of the component items correspond-

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRU TEES.

9

ingly reduced. I will not remark upon the practice of economy in our expenditures, but I do not apprehend that when the expenses per capita of the beneficiaries of the Academy for the Blind are compared with those of a student in any reputable boardingschool in our Commonwealth, or with those of the same in the schools for the blind in the various sections and States of the Union, the management will be justly charged with extravagance. Also, I may add that a comparison of the annual expenses of the Institution for a series of years will show that whatever reductions we have been able to make, are not due to superior methods of economy so much as to the general decline in the prices of leading arti~les of consumption, with which our expenses will ever fluctuate.
I often hear suggestive remarks which justify the apprehension that there exists much misapprehension as to the nature, purpose and work of Institutions for the Blind. In my reports I have again and again endeavored to give proper information in reference to the subject, and now, in pursuance of that course, I submit the following extract from the Forty-Second Annual Report of the ew York Institlltion :
" An Institution for the Blind is necessarily more complex in its organization than any other establishment, whether educational or otherwise. Each of its three departments of instruction-literary, musical and industrial-is a school in and of itself. Pupils, teachers and employee being resident, constitute a large family, the wants of which are numerous, varied and incessant. The purchase of groceries, provi ions, dry goods and material of various kinds at fair prices; the proper distribution and use of the same; the keeping of systematic and thorough books of accounts; the making and repairing of clothing; the maintenance of discipline; the care of the sick; the securing of prompt and faithful discharge of duty, are all the subjects of daily consideration. Owing to the number and variety of branches in which the blind must be instructed, and for other causes, the amount of space which is required in tpe building is probably twice as great as is required in the building for the care and education of a like number of sighted children of any other class.
" For the same reason, and also owing to their inability to help tl\emselves, the working force required for the school, household and general administration is much greater than is necessary in

10

PRINCIPAL'S REPORT TO THE TRUSTEES.

similar institutions for other defective classes. The gathering

up of facts in the search after knowledge in darkness and by the

sense of touch, is not only slow, but is, in many respects, pecu-

liarly destructive to the objects of study and the means by which

instruction is given, and it should be borne in mind that every

new object with which the blind child comes in contact is an

object of inquiry and examination, in the process of which it is

quite likely that the object will be anatomized. The sense of

sight by which we are enabled to avoid accidents, and those acts

which deface and damage that which is designed for our pleasure

and use, being absent, many mishaps occur, and the liability to

waste and severe usage and injury of property is unusually great.

In the case of the feeble-minded, and of the deaf and dumb,

much of their time can be utilized in doing the work which is

carried on for their support and education, and for the mainten-

ance of the establishment. Thus, in the varied domestic duties,

in the kitchen, laundry and dining-room and elsewhere; in the

work-shop, in the garden and in the field, and as substitutes for

persons who would be otherwise employed, they can make a

return in the products of their industry for the benefits received.

This relation is very much like that of the apprentice who finds

in the work which the master furnishes, the education and train-

ing which he needs, and who pays for the same with the work

which he does. But all this is impossible in a school for the

blind.

"For such reasons, it is obvious that the maintenance, support

and education of the blind involves an outlay of labor and ex-

pense exceeding that required for any other class of defective

persons, and is without.any of the compensating features indi-

cated above. Taking all things into the account, the work to be

done for and upon the blind in a school for their education,

is far greater in variety and amount than that required for any

other class of persons. ' ,

The year under review registers the twenty-eighth of the

Academy and my twenty-first in the office of Principal. The

occasion suggests retrospection. What changes have taken

.

place! Of the Original Board which presided over the organ-

ization of the Institution only one survives, the honored Presi-

dent, through all these years, and long may his life and useful-

ness be preserved. With him is Col. L. N. Whittle, the two

)

PRINCIPAJ}S REPORT TO THE TRU TEES.

11

being the members remaining of that Board which was in office at the time of my election-four of whom are dead, and one resigned out because of his removal to a distant part of the State. The beneficiaries of our work in this period of time are widely scattered; some are in graves, some have sunk out of our knowledge, while others are worthily discharging; to the best of their capabilities, the duties they have found in life. Of the teachers who have held places under me, one is dead and three have retired from the work. It is a great satisfaction to me, that I can say of the two principal teachers 'now with us, one, Miss Guillan, was in her office when I came to the Institution, and the other, Mr. Czuraa, has been associated w~th us eighteen years, and that between us, in this long period, nothing has occurred at any time to disturb the most cordial harmony; and of the assistants we now have, they have been, from early childhood, the subjects of our training and the recipients of our affectionate regard and approval. Looking back through these years, there are memories of bereavements, difficulties, anxieties, hard struggling, self-denials, discouragements, not unmingled with feelings of non-attainment and 10 s, but the work does not allow sentimental brooding over the past. It rather calls for renewed resolves for the future, for cheerful acts, for hopeful aspirations, and the prayer of the Psalmist: "Let the bounty of the Lord our God be npon us: and establish Thou the work of our hands upon us, yea, the work of hands establish Thou it."
Respectfully submitted,
W. D. WILUAMS, Principal.
Gtorgt"a Acadnlty for tht Blind, llIacon, Oclobtr f3tlt, f879.



NAME.

MALES.

RESIDENCE.

AUSTIN, CHARLES.

Campbell County, Georgia.

AVRES, HIRAM.

Haralson County, Georgia.

BARNES, JOSEPHUS.

Bibb CQ/t1lty, Georgia.

BRUCE, JOHN P. . Decatur County, Georgia.

BRVAN, WILLIAM W. .

Waytle COU11ty, Georgia.

CARGILE, WILLIE S.

. . M01l1'oe County, Georgia.

CASON, JOHN A. .

Richm01zd County, Georgia.

COLEY, JESSE A.

Stewart County, Georgia.

COLEY, S. A. W.
COULTER, J. W. M

Stewart County, Geor.,,<Yia. Taylor Cozm~v, Georgia.

DAVIS, GEORGE A. . . . . . . . Mitchell COUllty, Georgia.

GRACE, WALTER M. .
J. GREENE, WILLIAM

. Taywr County, Geor.,,<Yia. Macon County, Georgia.

GRIFFl , WALTER.. Dodge County, Georgia.

HEARN, N. R. . . Walker COltftt)l, Georgia.

HOD ETT, HOPE..

Meriwether County, Georgia.

IVY, THOMAS . Walker County, Georgia.

JACKSON, ZOLLICOFFER. Cra1uford COU1Zty, Georgia.

JONES, ASA A.. . . . . . . . . Afitc/lell COU11ty, Georgia.

JONES, GEO. H.

Richmond County, Georgia.

Jo, ES, JOSEPH..

Hall County, Georgia.

JONES, WILLIE..

. . Hall County, Georgia.

KITCHENS, THOS. J.

T-Vashi1Jgton County, Georgia.

KNOX, LAMAR..

. Chattooga COlt1lty, Georgia.

MATHIS, LUCIUS.

Randolph County, Georgia.

McLEES, R. GUSTAVUS

Fulton County, Georgia.

PARRISH, 'WALTER G.

. . Fulton County, Georgia.

PEACOCK, LEWIS O. . .

Wilkinson, County, Georgia.

PEACOCK, WILLIAM L. .

Wilkinson, County, Georgia.

RAGAN, CHARLES C.. .

. Terrell COZtflty, Georgia.

RAGAN, TERRELL . '"

Terrell COll1zty, Georgia.

RANEW, MOSES

Brooks COll1lty, Georgia.

REED, JAMES OSCAR.

Bartow County, Georgia.



ROLL OF PUPILS OF 1879.

13

REYNOLDS, M. L.. . Terrell County, Georgia.

RUSSELL, JOSHUA '. . Jefferso11 County, Georgia.

SINGLETON, JAMES . . . . . Harris COl/nty, Georgia.

TAYLOR, JAMES ,
J. TOOMBS, A.. . .

" Laurens County, Georgia. . . J.Vilkes County, Georgia.

THOMAS, S. W. . .

. Franklin County, Georgia.

WINKLES, ANDREW.

Coweta County, Georgia.

HOLLINSWORTH, JOHN. WILLIAMS, ELIJAH. .

COLORED.*
. Bibb County, Georgia. . Bibb COlmty, Georgia.

NAME.

EMALES.

RESIDENCE.

BARFIELD, ASENATH '. . . Macon County, Georgia.

BISHOP, SALLIE.. . . . Fullon County, Georgia.

BUTLER, LOLAH, " . . , Gordo11 County, Georgia.

COUCH, MATTIE. . . Clarke County, GeorKia.

DANIELS, BETTY.. ,Jones Ctnmty, Georgz'a.

Dyso , HATTIE

fVilkes County, Georgz'a.

ESTES, SERENA E.

Cobb County, Georgz'a.

GREEN, EUGENIA R ,Macon COlmty, Georgia.

HORTON, ADDIE . , , Walker COlt11ty, Georgz'o. JONES, MELISSA E.. . , . Mitdull County, Georgia.

JONES, RUTH,

. Hall COl/llty, Georgz'a.

JORDAN, W. .. . .

. Carroll COlttlty, Georgia,

MATHIS, JEANNIE

Sumter County, Georgia.

MAYFIELD, MYRTLE, .
J. . . MCCABE, CHARLOTTE

, Fullon County, Georgz'a.
. .. Glytl1l ComIty, Georgz'a.

PERRY, M. A . ,

Maco11 County, Georgia.

REED, CARRIE

Bartow Colmty, Georgia.

REED, ESTELLE. . . Bartow County, Georgia.

REED, SUSAN E. Barlow County, Georgia.

RUSSELL, LANA.. . Jefferson Cou.n!)/, GeoJgia.

RUSSELL, MOSELLE. . Jeffirso11 COlmty, Georgia,

TIMMONS, MATTIE ELLA

Carroll CoUllty, Georgia.

TISON, LIZZIE.

Was/lington County, Georgza.

WILSON, VIRGINIA.

Gordon County, Georgia.

-Taught in shop and boarded at their homes,

CARD OF THANKS.
The thanks of the officers and pupils of the "Georgia Academy for the Blind" are due and are hereby tendered to the officers of the following Railroads of the State for free passes, on necessary occasions, over their respective lines, a most important privilege and aid toward the benevolent work of the Institution, viz: Macon and Western, South-Western, Central, Macon and Brunswick, Western and Atlantic, Air-Line.
Also their thanks are due and are hereby tendered to the proprietors and editors of the following ewspapers, for sending their issues gratuitously to the Institution, thereby contributing means of information as to the current news and other important matters; and also to all other papers that have given such notice of the Institution and its work as was calculated to bring its object and advantages before the blind youth of the State: The Wesleyan Christian Advocate, of Macon; The Christian Index, of Atlanta; The Tri-Weekly Courier, of Rome; The Reporter, of LaGrange; The Republican, of Americus; The Southerner, of Invinton; The Home Journal, of Perry; The Standard, of Talbotton; The Vindicator, of Greenville; The Goodson Gazette, of Staunton, Va.; The Tablet, Romney, W. Va.; The Deaf-Mute Mirror, Flint, Mich. ; Mute's Companion, Fairbault, Minn.; The Mistletoe, Vinton, Iowa; and at reduced rates, these two dailies: Telegraph and Messenger, Macon; Constitution, Atlanta.