Certification of teachers, 1939

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CERTKfKCATKON Of TEACHERS
1939

BULLETiN
of the S tate ~epartment of Education of the S tate of Georsia
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J GEORGI~ 111w"f4 l9H \
\ UNWERSI1Y OF
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M . D. COLUNS
Sta te Superintenden t of Schools
M . E. THOMPSON
D irector o f Te ach er Trainins and Certdica tion


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page How to Apply for a Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Classes of Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Types of Certificates ....... .. .. . ... . .. . . .. .... . ........ . .. . ...... .5-7
Elementary Certificates . . ... . .............. ............ .... 5-6 High School Certificates ... .- ............... . . ............ . . 6-7 Supervisors' Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Administrators' Certificates . .. . .... . ... .. . ... .. .............. 7 Professional Requirements for Certificates ................... . ....... 8-11 Elementary Certificates ... . ... . . . .. . .. . . . .. .. . ... . . ... ..... 8-9 High School Certificates .. .. . .. ...... . .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. .. ... I Q-11 Supervisors' and Administrators' Certificates ... ....... 0 0 0 0 11 Subject-Matter Requirements for High School Teachers ...... . .. . 0 0 12 Regulations Governing Examinations for State Certificates .. 0 0 0 0 0 13 Definitions, Explanations, and Additional Regulations Applying to Teachers, Supervisors, and Administrators ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13-14 Regulations Governing Examinations for County Licenses ... ... .. . . .. . .. 15

HOW TO APPLY FOR A CERTIFICATE
Persons desiring to apply for a state certificate should write to the Director of Certification, State Department of Education, Atlanta, Georgia, for the necessary blanks.
All applications must be made out in ink on the regular form, giving all information requested thereon. The blank should be witnessed by a notary, recommended by a school official, and forwarded to the Director of Certification.
Official transcripts of credit must be sent by college registrars directly to the State Department of Education. An application is not complete until official transcripts of all college credits are filed with the Division of Certifi- cation. Records upon which certificates are issued become the property of the state, .and must be kept in the files of the Department.
Certificates from other s~ates cannot be exchanged for Georgia certificates. If the applicant holds a certificate from another state, it will be neces. sary for him to follow the above directions when applying for a Georgia certificate. All teachers in Georgia schools must hold Georgia permits to teach.
A fee of one dollar ($1.00) is regularly charged for the issuance of certificates to all applicants who are not residents of Georgia.
Permits to teach are of two kinds: I. State Certificates II. County Licenses
Teachers' certificates may be secured in two ways: I. On a basis of credits from standard institutions approved by the State Department of Education II. On a basis of examination (See "Regulations Governing Examinations" page 13.)
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CLASSES OF CERTIFICATES
No certificate will be issued to a beginning elementary teacher on less than two years of college work or a minimum of sixty semester hours credit including nine semester hours of approved education.
No certificate will be issued to a beginning high school teacher on less than three years of college work or a minimum of ninety semester hours credit including nine semester hours of approved education.
Applicants for certificates must have maintained an average grade of "C" or its equivalent in their college work.
No certificate ever issued by the State Department of Education will become invalidated by any of the regulations contained herein. Any certificate held hy a teacher may be renewed or converted into a higher type certificate upon completion of additional required college credit.
There are three classes of state certificates:
I. Provisional
II. Professional
III. Professional Life
Provisional certificates will be issued where the applicant submits credit for a minimum of sixty semester hours including as much as nine but less than eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. (See Professional Requirements for Certification, .pages 8 and 10.) Provisional certificates are valid for a period of three years from date of issuance and may be renewed upon presentation of additional credit for six semester hours of college work.
Professional certificates will be issued where the applicant submits credit for a minimum of sixty semester hours including eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. Note: After September 1, 1940 a minimum of three semester hours credit for practice teaching will be required of all beginning teachers for professional certificates. Persons who have twenty-one months' teaching experience with a provisional certificate may substitute a course in observation or methods of teaching for the course in practice teaching. Professional certificates are valid for a period of seven years from date of issuance and may be renewed upon presentation of additional credit for six semester hours of college work.
Professional life certificates will be issued where the applicant submits credit for a minimum of sixty semester hours including eighteen semester hours of approved professional education and evidence of forty-nine months of teaching experience.
LAPSE AND REINSTATEMENT
A professional or a professional life certificate shall automatically lapse if the holder fails to teach for a period of five consecutive years. Any certifi-
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cate that has lapsed may be reinstated upon presentation of six semester hours of professional credit earned not more than three years prior to date of application.
TYPES OF CERTIFICATES
Certificates are issued for the following types of services:
I. Elementary School teachers II. High School teachers
III. Supervisors IV. Administrators
I. ELEMENTARY CERTIFICATES
A. Applicants who had regular teaching experience prior to September 1, 1938 will be issued a General Elementary certificate on a basis of thirty semester hours of college credit, including at least nine semester hours of approved professional education.
B. Provisional Elementary Two-year certificates will be issued on a basis of a minimum of sixty semester hours of college credit, including at least nine semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Elementary Two-year certificates require eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Life Elementary Two-year certificates require, in addition, evidence of fortynine months of teaching experience.
C. Provisional Elementary Three-year certificates will be issued on a. basis of a minimum of ninety semester hours of college credit, including at least nine semester hours of approved professional education; At least twenty of the ninety semester hours of credit required for this certificate must be on the senior college level. Professional Elementary Three-year certificates require eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Life Elementary Three-year certificates require, in addition, evidence of forty-nine months of teaching experience.
D. Provisional Elementary Four-year certificates will be issued on a basis of graduation with a Bachelor's degree from an approved college, including at least nine semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Elementary Four-year certificates require eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Life Elementary Four-year certificates require, in addition, evidence of forty-nine months of teaching experience. Teachers who have had, before June 1, 1939, a minimum of fourteen years teaching experience are permitted to submit one hundred twenty semester hours from approved institutions as fulfillment of the requirements for the certificate based upon four years of college work.
E. Provisional Elementary Five-year certificates will be issued on a basis of a Master's degree from an approved college, including at least nine
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semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Elementary Five-year certificates require eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Life Elementary Fiveyear certificates require, in addition, evidence of forty-nine months of teaching experience. Graduation from a professional library school, accredited under the American Library Association standards, which requires for entrance a baccalaureate degree from a college or university, accredited by a regional accrediting association, shall be considered basis for issuing a certificate based upon five years of college work.
II. HIGH ScHOOL CERTIFICATES
A. Applicants who had regular teaching experience prior to September 1, 1938 will be issued a Provisional High School Two-year certificate on a basis of sixty semester hours of college credit, including at least nine semester hours of approved professional education. Professional High School Two-year certificates require eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Life High School Two-year certificates require, in addition, evidence of forty-nine months of teaching experience.
B. Provisional High School Three-year certificates will be issued on a basis of a minimum of ninety semester hours of college credit, including at least nine semester hours of approved professional education. At least twenty of the ninety semester hours required for this certificate must be on the senior college level. Professional High School Threeyear certificates require eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Life High School Three-year certificates require, in addition, evidence of forty-nine months of teaching experience.
C. Provisional High School Four-year certificates will be issued on a basis of graduation with a Bachelor's degree from an approved college, including at least nine semester hours of approved professional education. Professional High School Four-year certificates require eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Life High School Four-year certificates require, in addition, evidence of forty-nine months of teaching experience. Teachers who have had, before June 1, 1939, a minimum of fourteen years teaching experience are permitted to submit one hundred twenty semester hours from approved institutions as fulfillment of the requirements for the certificate based upon four years of college work.
D. Provisional High School Five-year certificates will be issued on a basis of a Master's degree from an approved college, including at least nine semester hours of approved professional education. Professional High School Fite-year certificates require eighteen semester hours of approved professional education. Professional Life High School Five-year certificates require, in addition, evidence of forty-
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nine months of teaching experience. Graduation from a professional library school, accredited under the American Library Association standards, which requires for entrance a baccalaureate degree from a college or university, accredited by a regional accrediting association, shall be considered basis for issuing a certificate based upon five years of college work.
Ill. SUPERVISORS' CERTIFICATES Professional or Professional Life Supervisors' ce~tificates will be issued
on a basis of four or five years of college credit. A. Supervisors' Four-year certificates will be issued on a basis of a minimum of a Bachelor's degree from an approved college, including at least twenty-seven semester hours of approved professional education, nine semester hours of which must be in the field of supervision. B. Supervisors' Five-year certificates will be issued on a basis of a Master's degree from an approved college, including at least twentyseven semester hours of approved professional education, nine semester hours of which must be in the field of supervision.
IV. ADMINISTRATORS' CERTIFICATES Professional or Professional Life Administrators' certificates will be is-
sued on a basis of four or five years of college credit. A. Administrators' Four-year certificates will be issued on a basis of a minimum of a Bachelor's degree from an approved college, including at least twenty-seven semester hours of approved professional education, nine semester hours of which must be in the field of administration. B. Administrators' Five-year certificates will be issued on a basis of a Master's degree from an approved college, including at least twentyseven semester hours of approved professional education, nine semester hours of which must be in the field of administration.
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PROFESSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATES

I. ELEMENTARY CERTIFICATES

BACKGROUND CouRsEs

Nine semester hours or three courses must be taken from the following

background courses. Not more than six semester hours will be accepted under

A. B, C, or D.

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A. ORIENTATION IN EDUCATION
The purposes of this course should be: to give a historical and philosophical background of the American school system; to give a detailed study of the needs and opportunities in the Georgia school system; to make comparisons of school systems of other countries with that of our own; to provide prospective teachers with a basis for selecting the fields 'of work for which to prepare; to give prospective teachers a view of the present-day problems of education, and the school's methods of approach in solving them.

B. EDuCATIONAL PsYCHOLOGY
This course should deal with the learner and the learning process integrated with the principles of teaching and accompanied by observation. Emphasis should be given to educational psychology of the child.

C. THE ScHOOL AND SociETY
The purpose of this course should be to give the student a comprehensive picture of the activities and needs of children, youth, and adults in the social order. Consideration should be given t-o the place and function of the school in a changing l:lociety, including the principles of education. A comprehensive and integrated program of education should be formulated.
D. ELEMENTARY CuRRICULUM AND METHODS
This course should aim to develop the ability to organize and use specialized and integrated curricula, to meet the needs of children.

FUNCTIONAL CouRSEs
The following professional courses should be offered only by such institutions as are equipped for the purpose. Permission to give these additional courses for credit must be obtained from the State.Department of Education. Since professional and professional life certificates require a minimum of eighteen semester hours of approved professional credit, the applicant for a
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professional elementary certificate should submit nine semester hours from the following:
A. Materials and Methods on the Elementary School Level. Courses in this field should involve the analysis, selection, adaptation, organization, and development of instructional materials in specialized or integrated fields on the elementary level. Emphasis should be made toward the integration of subject matter fields in the elementary curricula. Methods in specialized fields may be accepted.
B. Directed Observation and Practice Teaching (in typical elementary school situations). After September 1, 1940 a minimum of three semester hours credit for practice teaching will be required of all beginning teachers for professional certificates. Persons who have twenty-one months' teaching experience with a provisional certificate may substitute a course in observation or methods of teaching for the course in practice teaching.
The professional training of the elementary teacher should be based upon academic courses, well distributed throughout the better known fields of culture and knowledge, including health, geography, natural science, literature, music, art, and, wherever possible, home economics, agriculture, and industrial arts. All elementary teachers should be familiar with the history and geography of Georgia. Primary teachers should have special training in the teaching of reading.
Not more than thirty per cent of the total college credit on which elementary certificates are issued should be professional education courses.

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II. HIGH SCHOOL CERTIFICATES
BACKGROUND CouRSEs
Nine semester hours or three courses must be taken from the following background courses. Not more than six semester hours will be accepted under A, B, C, or D.
A. ORIENTATION IN EDUCATION
The purposes of this course should be: to give a historical and philosophical background of the American school system; to give a detailed study of the needs and opportunities in the Georgia school system; to make comparisons of school systems of other countries with that of our own; to provide prospective teachers with a basis for selecting the fields of work for which to prepare; to give prospective teachers a view of the present-day problems of education, and the school's method of approach in solving them.
B. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
This course should deal with the learner and the learning proce~s integrated with the principles of teaching and accompanied by observation. Emphasis should be given to educational psychology of the adolescent and the adult.
C. THE ScHOOL AND SociETY
The purpose of this course should be to give the student a comprehensive picture of the activities and needs of children, youth, and adults in the social order. Consideration should be given to the place and function of the school in society, including the principles of education. A comprehensive and integrated program of education should be formulated.
D. HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM AND METHODS
This course should aim to develop the ability to organize and use specialized and integrated curricula, to meet the needs of adolescents and adults.
FuNCTIONAL CouRSES
The following professional courses should be offered only by such institutions as are equipped for the purpose. Permission to give these additional courses for credit must be obtained from the State Department of Education. Since professional and professional life certificates require a minimum of eighteen semester hours of approved professional credit, the applicant for a
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professional high school certificate should submit nine semester hours from the following:
A. Materials and M ethods on the High School Level. Courses in this field should involve the analysis, selection, adaptation, organization, and development of instructional materials in specialized or integrated fields on the high school level. Emphasis should be made toward the integration of subject matter fields .on the high school level. Methods of teaching in fields of major or minor concentration may be accepted.
B. Directed Observation and Practice Teaching (in typical high school situations). After September 1, 1940 a minimum of three semester hours credit for practice teaching will be required of all beginning teachers for professional certificates. Persons who have .twenty-one months' teaching experience with a provisional certificate may substit1tte a course in observation or methods of teaching for the course in practice teaching.
C. Occupational or Vocational Guidance.
III. SUPERVISORS' AND ADMINISTRATORS' CERTIFICATES
Only Professional and Professional Life Supervisors' and Administrators' certificates will be issued. Any person qualifying for either of these types of certificates must have had a minimum of three years' experience in the teaching profession.
In order to receive a Supervisors' certificate for service in the elementary schools, it will be necessary for one to hold a Professional Elementary certificate. In order to receive a Supervisors' certificate for service in high schools, it will be necessary for one to hold a Professional High School certificate. In addition, a minimum of nine semester hours in the field of supervision on the appropriate level will be required. Supervisors in the elementary field should t ake such special courses in supervision as will train them specifically for work in the elementary field. Supervisors in the high schools should take such special courses in supervision as will train them for work in the high school field.
In order to receive an Administrators' certificate, it will be necessary for one to hold a Professional Elementary or High School <;ertificate. In ad dition, a minimum of nine semester hours in administration will be required
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SUBJECT-MATTER REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS
Below are requirements in subject-matter credit for preparation to teach in the various subject-matter fields in high schools:
No. of Semester
Hours English (including American and English Literature) . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Foreign Languages (for each subject taught eg. Latin, French, Spanish, German) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Natural Science (including biology, chemistry, geography and geology, and physics, with a minimum of 12 semester hours in at least one science).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Social Science (including economics, geography, government, history, and sociology). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Home Economics (vocational standards). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 (foods and nutrition, clothing and textiles, home management, child development, housing and family relationships)
Agriculture (vocational standards)..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 (crop and animal production, farm economics, management, marketing, and soil conservation)
Art ... ... . .. . ......... . .... . .... . .... . ...... . . . ........ . .. 18 Music . ........... . . . .. .. ... . ... ... . ... . ... . . .. . . . . . . . ... . . 18 Industrial Art . ...... . .. ... . ..... .. . .... . . . ........ . . ... .. . 18 Physical Education ............ . .... . .... .. .. . ............. . 12

Library Service
1. Teacher-Librarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (organization and activities of the school library, classification and cataloging for the school library, reading guidance and book selection, and the school library as an information laboratory)

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2. Librarian ......... ......... . ... .. . .. .. .... .... . . 30

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(administration, reference and bibliography, classification and cataloging, and book selection)

Commercial Subjects (including shorthand, typewriting, accounting, and business English). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

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Industrial and Trade Arts
1. Technical or engineering subjects directly related to occupational field to be taught ........._. . . . . . . . . 45
2. Manipulative subjects of the occupation to be taught (beyond four years of apprenticeship). . . . . . . . . . . . 45
The professional training of the high school teacher should be based upon approved academic courses, well distributed throughout the better known fields of culture.
Not more than thirty per cent of the total college credit on which a high school certificate is issued should be professional education courses.
REGULATIONS GOVERNING EXAMINATIONS FOR STATE CERTIFICATES
Examinations for state certificates will be given annually during the month of August, the time and place to be designated by the State Superintendent of Schools.
The examinations will be based on two years of college work, including questions in English, social science, mathematics, natural science, foreign language, and commerce.
Examinations will validate only subject-matter requirements for certificates. Those who pass the examination will be required to submit a minimum of nine semester hours of approved professional education in order to receive a state certificate.

DEFINITIONS, EXPLANATIONS, AND ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS APPLYING TO TEACHERS, SUPERVISORS, AND ADMINISTRATORS

1. A college hour represents the work done during one recitation a week for thirty-six weeks.

2. A semester hour represents the work done during one recitation a week for eighteen weeks.

3. A term or quarter hour represents the work done during one recita-

tion a week for twelve weeks.

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4. A course represents the work done during five recitations a week for

one quarter, or twelve weeks. A half-course represents the work done during

two and one-half recitations a week for one quarter, or twelve weeks. Courses

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and half-courses carry the same credit as majors and minors. A course is -13-

equivalent to one and two-thirds college hours, three and one-third semester hours, or five term or quarter hours.
5. Thirty semester hours represent the minimum college year's work.
6. An accredited high school is one that has been approved by the Accrediting,Commission of this state.
7. A standard junior college is a college approved by the State Department of Education, requiring graduation from an accredited high school for admission, and requiring approximately sixty semester hours for graduation.
8. A standard college is an institution approved by the State Department of Education, requiring graduation from an accredited high school for admission, and requiring approximately one hundred and twenty semester hours for graduation.
ff 9. In regard to the rating of out-of-state institutions, as they affect certification, the State Department of Education will be guided by the rating that the Department of Education of the state in which the institution is located places upon that institution, or by the rating of other standard accrediting agencies, such as the Southern Association, etc.
10. All applications for certificates must be based on credits from standard educational institutions.
11. No certificate will be issued to any applicant who is under eighteen years of age.
12. All applicants for certificates must show teaching experience, attendance upon summer school, or other evidence of professional growth within a period of three years preceding date of application.
13. Applicants for teachers' certificates must show evidence of good moral character.
14. Any certificate may be cancelled by the State Board of Education upon satisfactory evidence that the holder thereof is conducting his school in violation of the laws of the state, or who is a person unworthy to instruct the youth of the state, or who has obtained his certificate under misrepresentations.
15. A teacher who is regularly employed may not receive credit for more than three courses (10 semester hours, 15 quarter hours, 5 college hours) done within the school year.
HI. After September 1, 1939, not more than one-fourtq of the credit required for any certificate may be secured by correspondence or class extension.
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REGULATIONS GOVERNING EXAMINATIONS FOR COUNTY LICENSES

The examinations for county licenses will be held annually in the summer

under the supervision of the County Superintendent of Schools. On request

questions will be sent to any County Superintendent of Schools from the

State Department of Education.

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Examinations for county licenses will be on questions in the following fields: reading and writing, spelling, arithmetic, English, social science, health, and methods of teaching.

Examination papers for county licenses will be examined and graded by the County Superintendent of Schools. An average of seventy-five per cent on the examination will be a minimum requirement for the issuance of a county license.

A county license is valid for a period of three years from the date issued and may be renewed upon presentation of additional credit for six semester hours of college work.

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