Educational survey of Grady County, Georgia

No. 89.'
DEPABTMEMT,OFEDV(JATI0N

M. L. BBITTAIN
State Bhrpehtendent of Schools la22.

*I gT.. ;< - % v

7;
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-4 1:'

~ Lz.:.,g.+

-
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Educational Survey of Grady County Georgia
CT M. L. DUGGAN, Rural School Agent
AND EURI BELLE BOLTON, Extension Dept., G. N. I. College
No. 39.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
M. L. BRITTAIN State Superintendent of Schools
1922.

GRADY COUNTY PUBIJC SCt1001,S

I-ION. .J. S. WEATIIERS, County Superintc.nclc.i~-t -CTairo, Ga.

County Boarci of Education :

Hon. .J. B. Wight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

( > i l i , Ga.

Hon. E. A. ?Ilas~vell----------------------------

('ttlval-y, Gii.

Hon. T. 11.Chastain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( <a l' r o . ( 7r ~ .

IIon. 0. F. Sadler.......................... O(~11lockneGa.

13011. S. G. Christopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV11ighm (;a.

InadditiontoaboYesnrveyeEdnaational Meesurements have been made thrpnghont the e i t y systems of Dublin. Cordele. Albany. Commerce. Wayneaboro.Sparta. Washington, e t c .

GRADY COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM

Grady County is in the extreme south(2rn p a r t of the state. The county as created in 15-- from t h e best portions of

Thoinas, l\litchell, anc1 I)c.catur. The soil of the county, except

I

that llear the Ochlocknee River, is a gray loam and was orig-

illally forested with the farnous yello~vpine of South Georgia.

Very little of the original timber has been conserved and allnost all of the county is now uiider cultivation. The soil

is very fertile and the possibilities for the future develop-

ment of the county agriculturally are alrnost ~uilimited. Thp

future tleveloprnent and prosperity of the county will dcpencl

upon its citizenship. The intelligence a n d visioi~of the f u t u r e

citizens of the county will be determined b y t h r educational

npportu~iitiesprovided for the children of the present and in

the years t o come. A study of the school situation in the county has shown t h a t the present systern of schools is inade-

quate. The Public School Problem is not primarily or principally an economic problem, as in many counties, but is mainly

a problem of organization a n d administration. Tlle potential resources of the county are slxfficient t o educate all the children

and the accident of residence slionld not debar ally child from

his rightful and full educational opportnnities.

ORGANIZATION
E1ortunatelv the pl-oblem is not complicated by any special 01. independent school systems (one very small exception) a s is the case in most Georgia eonnties. Cairo, the county seat, and the rural schools are all organized as a "County Unit System." The county seat or any other school district of the county can nnder such organizatioll a n d 111rt1t.r the law supplement the state and county school funds by local levies for better sup-

port ; a n d Cairo alicl somv other school districts (lo this accordi n g to thcir scvc~ralrchq~lirc~nents.
The fuizdalneiital problem consists in too many small schools too close together. Some scctions of the county are sparsely settled ant1 schools widely separated, b u t in othcr sckctions two or more schools coultl be cotzibineci without any great incoilvenience. noads arc good a t all seasons and transportation problems, therefore, ilot clifficult. The area of the county is 4-11 square miles. Thc Gcorgia School Laurs conternplate sixteen squa1.e miles a s tr minimum school district. Tliere a r e fortpeight ~vlziteschools in the county, which is twenty-one rlzore schools t h a n thc nzaximnm nnnzber corlternplated by law. (Stir: A r t . 6 Section 1'7, Georgia Scllool Code). The county is not able to properly equip and maintain so many schools, nor are these poorly supported schools able to (lo thorough ~ ~ y o raks, is abu~ld:rntly slio\vii b y reports herein on measnrei~leritsof their resnlts.
NUMBER AND LOCATION OF SCHOOLS.
There are 1 9 one-teacher schools, 20 two-teacher scllools, 7 schools having three or four teachers and the two high schools a t Cairo atid Whigliam, making a total of 48 white schools in the county. There are too many schools and they are too
close together, marly of them being only lyLor two rniles apa1.t.
The minimum distance contemplated by law is 4 miles. (See Georgia School L a w s ) . Alost of the schools have a n eizrollirlent of pupils too large for the nmnber of teachers. (See discussion of enrollment a n d attendance). I t seems t h a t a scl~oohl as been g~.ante(it o a n y community asking f o r i t regardless of thr. size of t h e cornnz~ulityor t h e distance from the nearest school. A strong central administration should have preverltecl this lrillltiplicity of schools. The people, however, a1.e beginlzing to realize the limitations of the small school and t o see the mistake of attempting to maintain so many schools. Several small districts have already been consolidated and new buildings ill be erected as soon a s the financial situation l~rakesit possible. I t will be necessary t o eliminate a number of the

slllall scllools ancl to group tlie schools f o r high school work before a well organized systern can be establishetl. (See rec-
o~,~nlendations).
SCHOOL GROUNDS AND SANITARY CONDITIONS.
~t 20 of the schools it was impossible to l t ~ a r nfrom the teacher the number of acres of land owned by the school or ]loll- the titles to the property were given. Most of the schools collcerlling ~ v h i c hthe information was sec~lretlhad one or tlvo acres of grouncls and i n inany cases the titles were licld by private individnals. The school grounds a t New Home, tht: ~ o l l n e l l ,and the Sher~voodschools have bt,cn ilnpl-orecl arid are lvell kept. These schools have beautiful shade trees, flower gardens and some playground equipment. Thr other schools have nniinproved gronnds, no school garclear, and praetically no playgroand equipment. There is no section of the state in ~ ~ ~ h si oc hinany varieties of flo~verscan be Inore sncccssf~xllygrown during the fall, winter, ant1 spring months. At the time the schools Irere ~ i s i t e dS a t n r e was i n t h e glory of springtime. Yello~vjasmine, dog~vootl,ant1 crab-apple trees ere in full bloom. Ancl yet t h e school gronnds in the midst of this beauty were bare a n d ugly. A "scllool bertutiful" campaign, fostered b y the teachers a n d ~voinen'sclubs of the county coultl tralisfornl t h n~eglected school snrronndings into ~tttractivei,nspiring schoolho~nes.
The \\.ater is snpplied a t most of the schools from open surface wells. I n rnost cases the wells are very s l i a l 1 0 ~a~n~d have no protection fro111 slxrface contamination. I n some instances the water is brought from a neighboring well 200 >-ards or more fro111 the school building. This necessitates the l)upils' having to be excused froin school to bring the water ant1 is a great waste of their time. Good ~ v e l l sshoalcl be provided on t h e hcllool groluiids and shoulcl be protected frorn surface impurities
t'ither b-pumps pnt on a concrete foundatioii or by terra-
eotta piping. The toilet provisions a t thtl schools are inadequate alid un-
sallitar:-. A t one of the schools visited there TITereno toilets

a n d a t sixtcen of the schools there was only one. Even a t three of the large schools there were no toilets for t h e boy& The larger schools should iristall sanitary septic toilets ant1 tlie smaller schools should install sanitary pit toilets. Plans may be secured frorn the State Board of Health, Atlanta, Ga.
BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT.
The school a t Cairo, a t the time survey was tnacle. Tras holxseti i n temporary buildings, wllicll were inespc.nsive yet \\-ell corlstructetl and properly plallned for school pn1.posc.s. Since the survtly was made, Cairo has voted bonds ant1 a lien- builtling \rhich \\.ill lneasnre a p t o rnodern standards of school a l ~ h i t e c ture is i11 process of construction. Tlie Il'higham School has a good brick builtling, bnt it was constructeci sevcral yrilrh ago a n d does not meet the reql~irerlierltsof a ell pltrnnetl icliool bnilcling. Sorne of tlie school llolxses i11 the county are built of good material a n d a r c ~ v e l lconstructed, but thc i n a j o r i t - of thcrn are built of cheap inatcrial ancl are poorly constl*lict~tl. All of thern have been poorly plaiin(~(1or have bct.11 built withont a plan. I t is a ~vasttlof tlie people's money to erect cll~~a!) buildings. I t was noted that many of tlle school lloliic.\ h<~cl 110 stove flue, but h a d the stove pipe projecting t l l l i ~ i ~ gtile~ walls or through one of thc windows. Is it a n y n oi:dc~.il~iat so many school buildings i n t h r county h a ~ cbeeti 5nrned within t h e last few years? A morc3economical policy o f scahool. house construction ~ v o u l dbe to spend a larye: : ~ l i ~ o ~of~ n t money i n the erection of a few well planned, :\-c.11 constr~~ctecl ctu).able buildiups, r a t h e r t h a n to corltiilue s ! ) ( ~ ~ ~ ( ~\11i1n;11t1 alut)nnts of money erecting inadequate builditlgs n l ~ i c l lhave to be replaced in a few years time. One of the most strikinq examples of waste of money i11 ~elioolhouseconstrncton is at the Calvary school. The old part of this building i i very poorly lighted, the classrooms are too large and too I~igli,:rnd there a r r many other gross dcfects which itlake t l i ~building unsuitable for school purposes. Recently a n additiou to the building was made exactly like the oltl part w i t l i o ~ ~altly efFo1.t t o correct the mistakes. The thousarids of chilcll*en in tlle

Sc.lloc~hof Grady County, outside of Cairo a n d bFTllighaiu, a r e ]lollqed in little buildings, t h e total value of which is less t h a n $45,000, and yet millioils of dollars worth of the finest timber i11 the worlc1 has been shipped out of the county.
Jlost of the schools in the col~rltya r e very poorly equipped. JIany of thein have holneinacle blackboards and a r e seated with rough homemade desks. There are very few maps, charts, globes, reference dictioi~ariesand other teaching helps a t a n y of the schools. This lack of equipinerlt greatly handicaps the teac11el.s and pupils i n their school work.

DAILY SCHEDULES.

Tile teachers of the county were asked t o hantl i n their daily schedules of work. Most of the teachers responded to the request, but some of the schedules handed i n were so poorly ~ n a d ethat they could not be used in the stlxciy. Schedules which did not show a n accurate allotment of time were not considered.

Table Showing the Average Number of Minutes Per Day Devoted to Each Grade in the Different Types of Schools in Grady County.

Scllools

Beginneri: I I1 I I I I V V VI V I I V I I I

One-Teacl~er -.--3-1- 39 37 37 54 67 63 69

52

Two-Teacher _ _ _ _ _ - 3 2 103 112 133 07 106 113 118

102

Larger Scllools - - 62 115 113 123 120 1 7 1

132

131

\Vliigham --_-.._-_-- 17_ 0 123 265 1133 155 1

135

180

f ' a i r o - _ _ _ - - - __1_ 15 -2. 20- - 233 203 100 YO 213

265

The country schools are g i v i i ~ gvery little tirne to the beaini~iilgor primer class. Tlir. average amount of time devoted to this class in the one-teacher schools i s only 31 minutes per day, and yet the a r e r a g e ainol~iitof time devoted to the seventh grade in these schools is 69 nlinixtes per clay. Children who are just beginiiirlg school are absohxtely lielpless and they call learn only lulder the careful supervision and instruction of the teacher. What can they bc expected to accomplish if tlley receive only 31 rninutes of t h e teacher's time during the day. The primary pupils need more of the teacher's tillle than the older pupils who have learned how to study,
therefore the time allotment for the primary grades in the ('oulltry schools is unfair ancl detrimental t o tlie best interests of the schools.

The one-teacher schools have so many grades per teacher that only about half as nl~xchtime is given in these schools t o each grade as is given i n the largrr country schools.
I t is therefore not surprising t h a t the classrooin n-01-k in tlrese schools is so poorly (lone. Sorrir of the one-teacher schools are atterriptirig to teach the eighth grade. The average arnonnt of time given to tIic1 eiglith grade in these schools is 52 miiintes. The eighth grade is snpposed to study five subjects, or four as a ~ilinirnum,and the recitation periods a r e therefore only about 10 rniin~tesin length. The recitation periods in the high school grade3 should br 40 irlinutes in length, anti no accreclitc~dliig11 school colxltl recognize the eighth grade work being done ill the small schools. If the people ~ v i l lsend thc sixth, seventh, and eighth grades frorn the one-teacher schools to the ilcarest large school (see recommendations) thc pupils in these grades can get thorough ~ v o r kand the teachers in the srl~allschools will be able t o do thorough work in the l o ~ v e rgrades.
The l a r g e ] schools are giving but little r n o ~ ~ticttle to each of the grammar grade t h a n is given in the two-teacher schools. This is because the large schools have attempted to teach so Inany high school grades that the lower grades reccive no benefit frorn the added teaching force.
The time allotment for the grammar grades in the Cairo School is giver1 f o r cornparison. I s i t surprising t h a t thc pupils i n t h e Cairo Scllool made so much better scores 011 the tests t h a n the pupils in the country schools? Sho~xltlit not bc possible for each school in the county to do just as good work as is done in the Cairo School? The children in the country deserre just as good opportunities as the children in any community, a n d they can have them if the people will help the county adrrlinistration build up an efficient county system.
Note-The teachers of Grady Couilty had studied the probleni of the daily schedule before the survey mas made and most of the schedules liandecl in were bcltter t h a n the average.

Table Showing t h e R a i n i n g and Qualifications of Teachers in Grady County

E'rinlary Elenlentary High Scl~ool Total So.

IJicelise

1st 21111 ::rd

1.t 211d 3rd

1st 2nd ? Teaclieri
-- --

One-Teacher

~ ~ h o o-l-s- - - - -

--

1 (i 1

TWO-Teaclier

~ ~ l ~ -~- -o- -l- -s- 1 2 7 .? .? 2

--I9 2 - 9 .;4

Larger

sc.llools 3 - - - - - . - - - - 4

$9

::

-

2

-

- 21

--

Elementary or High Solloo1 ('ollege or S o r n ~ a l Total l o .
Trailli~lg. it11 8th 9th lot11 11th 1 > r. 3 yrs. 3 prs. 4 yrs. Teac.lle15 .

One Teacher

Total

Schools - . - - - 1 3

3

2

9

1

-

-

-

1

Two Teacher

Scliools -----4

7 10 7

(i 34 4

3

-

-

i

Larger

Schools _ - - - I 4 4 (i ti 21 7 1 - 1 9

Experience

3 or

Total So.

I yv. 2 yra. :3 yrs. 4 prs. inore yrs. T ~ e a c l ~ n ~ s

One-Teacher Schools -- 2

1

1

2

9

Two-Teacher Schools ..-lo

I

1 12

31

Larger Scl~ools- - - - - - - - .?

->

I

3

6

21

Lengthof Service at Present Scllool

lyr. 2

y.

1 or more yrs.

Total So. Teachers

One-Teacher Schoolb _ - _ 3 Ir . wo-Teacher School\ ---23 T>:lrger Schools- - _ - - - - _ 8

I

1

4

2

-, X

1

-)

9

>

1

34

1

2

21

--

Only 1 2 of the 64 teachers have hacl four years of high school work and five have had no high school work, and only srventeen have had regular norltial or college training. Thcre are four normal graduates a n d thclre is only one collcgcl graduate

in the country schools in the connty. The scholarship ancl training of the teachers ill Gratly County is very lirniteil. However, 33 of the 64 teachers have had sllrnlrlcr school \vork in

atltlition to their previous training. Tile large n u ~ n b e r of teachers ~ ~ h~aveh aottended stiinnler school she\\-s t h a t the teachers are trying to raise their professional stanciard.

' h e r e are very few i n r s p c r i e ~ ~ c etel achers in the county. Fort?--seven of the teachers 11;lve had more than one year'%

cxperiel~ceand t\i7c1vty 11avc>h a d .5 or more thall 5 years' experience. This large aurnbel- of mature teachers u ~ o u l dbe a. credit to the county if it were not for the fact that so many of then1 lack scholarship and training and holtl such a low grade licc1llse. E ~ i c l e n t l ytile addect years of teaching experience have not brought professioilal growth.
Sorile of the teachers who liacl done only tenth grade work i n t h e high school hacl goae to teachers colleges out of the Statc f o r summer school work. This practice s l i o ~ ~ lbde discoliragetl brcausc~it is so expensive. Boys and girls who arz pla1111ing to teach should be cnconragetl to attent1 the nearest seilior accreditecl high school until they have completed th* eleventh g r a d e work, They can the11 a t t e n d t h e norlnal schools or universities in olir om711statc without having to pay such high tuition charges. After they have secured a propc.1. founclation a t a iniilinil~~cnost, they will find it profitable a n d broadening t o attwld the higher iilstitutions of learning i11 various parts of the country for more atlrailced training.
Thirty-six of the teachers mere teachiilg at their present schools for the first tirne. A tc.aclier can not do any constructive commnnity work if she stays only one year a t school. hl order to be able to devcblop and maintain strong community schools it will be necessary f o r t h ~collilty atlrniilistration to provicle favorable teaching conditious and to pay salaries which will secure trained teachers and induce them to serve longer than one year at the sarne school.
CLASSROOM WORK.
Edncational trsts in reading, language aiid arithmetic were given in order to get some idea of the quality of the classroom work being done in the various types of schools. Tlie tests used were the 3lonroe Silent Reading Test, revised, thc True Language Scale Bg a n d the Woody-AlcCall lnisecl fundamentals arithnletic test.
READING The scores made by all of the grades in the Cairo School, except the fifth and the eighth, are either up to or above the
12

scores in comprehension, but are below the starldartl i n rate. The score made in reading by the tenth grade in the Whigham School is above standard in both comprehension and rate. The scores made by the other grades in this school are
than a year below the standard in both rate and comI'rehension. The score made by the ninth grade in the larger country schools is very low. The scores made by the other
in these schools are about equal to the scores made b.
the Whigham School. The scorch made b y all of the grades, the fourth, in the one and two-teacher scl.~oolsa r e about
two years below the standard scores and are much lower than the scores made by the larger schools.
Reading is very poorly taught in the schools of Grady Coun-
ty. The pupils are not being trained to get the thought from the printed p a p . The chief causes of these poor 18esults in t h e teaching of reading a r e poorly trained teachtm ancl lack of equipment. Thew are no charts, no perception cards and no snpplernentary reading books in a n y of t h e schools. Children must read a great deal of easy subject matteis in order that they may learn to read easily and rapidly. First grade pilpils should read f i v ~or six primers aiid first reatlets before they are promotecl t o the secontl grade and second gracle pupils should read five or six secontl rcading books before they are promoted to the third grade. I t would be too exptlnsive for each child to buy this number of books during the p a r . But each cornlnllrlity can raise rnoney a n d buy sets of sopplementary reading hooks for the school library and the grades can use
them from year to year. (Anyone interested in getting supplel ~ l e ~ l t a rbyooks may write t h c State Department of I3dncation
for a suggestive list.) The teachers should make their own perception cards and charts and should place more eirlphasis
011 silent reading. (See thc Georgia State &larinal for Teacher:, for suggestions.)
LANGUAGE.
The language test was not given in the larger schools and was not given above the sixth grade in tht> Cairo School. The scores made by all of t h e grades in t h e Cairo School 11-erc above

the stanclal-tl scores. The score ~nacleby the seventh gracle in thc two-teacher schools is almost 11p to stanclard. The scores made bj- the other grades in these schools are from a half year t o a ycar belo\\, the stantlartl :in(l the scorrs inatle by tlle onetcaaclier. scliools a r c about a year lower t h a n thc scorrs made h y the two-teacher scl~ools. These scores sl1011~that language is vc>qT~joorlv taught ill the small schools of the county.
( S r r tablv oil page 16.)
ARITHMETIC
Tile sco1.t.s made in arithinotic by tlze third allel fourth gratles irl t h e ('air0 School are up to stalltlard, b u t the, scores rnade by tlrt. fifth and sixth gratles are about a half year helo~\rthe standard. Tht>score,.; made by the f o n r t l ~a n d fifth grades i n the t11~ote;lcllc.~.schools are a year*below the stantlard scorcs, the score nlade by the sevchntlr grade in t l l ~ s cschools i i tn70years below the stantlartl. and the scores luadc by the t.ighth and nintll gracles are three years bt.lo\v th(1 stantlard. Tho scores madt. by all of t h e grades in thts onc-teacl~cricllools, except the f o u r t h a n d the eighth, a r e lower t h a i ~the scores lnacle by the grades in the larger schools.
Tllr results of the tests reveal some i~llportantf a c t s : (1) The. ripper grades in the Cairo School at-r not tloing a s goocl work i n arithmetic as tlle lower grades. ( 2 ) Th(>scores of the colmtry schools are uniforrllly lower t h a n the scorcs made by the Cairo School, and thc scores made b y the s ~ n a l l c rcountry ~ c h o o l sa r e lower t h a n the scores made b y the 1;irgel- seliools. ( 3 ) The upper grades i n the country scl~oolsare very much f u r t l ~ e rbelow standard t h a n the loxvcr gracles. This is partly clllc to the fact t h a t there is a constant cllange of teacliers in these scliools ancl probably ~ l i u c hrtlpetition of slthject rnatter taught. (4) The test papers show t h a t the, pnpils a r e (.speciall y in;iecurate in the addition and int~ltiplicationproceises ant1 that they know very littlc about cornmoil fl.actio~isand tieci~nals.
Addition, snbtraction, innltil)licatioil, ant1 t l i ~ision are inechanical p1.ocesses and slionlcl 11r so thoroughly taught t h a t the
14

pupils \rill This means that

the results of thc counbinatio~lsinstantly. must form certain specific habits in thc

use of the varions combinatio~ls.J r n c l ~attentive practice in the

use of the operations is necessar)- until tbt. habits are firrnly

The drill work in the prirnary grades can be made

irlteresti1lg by introduci~lggames. Ernpl~asison accnracy allc]

timed speed drills will prove e f f r c t i ~ ein tht. ripper gratles.

(See table on page 16.)

CONCLUSIONS

1. Tlle classroom work being don(. in t l ~ c( ' a i m School co111,)ares favorably with the classroo~nwork being (lone in progressive schools.
2. The classroon~work b r i ~ l gtlorle in tht. co11ntl.y scllools is 11ot so thorough as the work (lone in the ('air0 School. Tllc work in tlir snlallcr schools is iiluch Inore poorly done than ill the larger hchools. The lack of thoronghness i n classrooro work in one and two-teachrr schools is due mai111y to the unfavorable teaching conditiol~sin these schools. T h t ~buildings are poor and have very little equipment; the teachers arc: largely untrainrd; the teachers have to teach too rnany grat1t.s and the recitation perioas so sliort that neithcr they nor thc pupils call do their best ~ o r l i .
3. The reiults in reatli~igi n the country schools a r e very poor because so little crr~pl~asiiss given to silent reatling. The work in aritllrnctic is inefficic~ntbecause the f ~ u n d a ~ n e n t aolperations are not ~nasteretl. The language work i.1 not givin:: sufficient training in oral ancl ~ v r i t t c i lcorllpositiol~to d e v t ~ l o l ~ in the pupils the ability to ielect and rise tvortls corrc.ctly. The poor results accomplislleci in thrse funtlarnental school subjects s110\~that the schools, rsl>ecially the srr~allones are n a s t i n g the peoples' nloney. Before the situation can bt. rclncdietl. it will be necessary to c h a ~ l g ethe conditions pointtld out above.
(See 5nggestions for coniolid;~tion.) I t will, also, he neceisary for the connt)- to ernploy better trainetl teachers ancl to l>rovidl. for careful and continno~usiupervision of their lvorl;.

Table Showing the Median Grade Scores Made in Reading B y the Schools

Grades

of Grady County.

--

-

111 I V \' T

V I I TI11 I X X X1

Standard -- 82 3.0
Cairo ----_- 97 3.0
\\llligllaiii _ - ..-
--
Tlnee-Travlicr - scliools ..---. Two-'l'enc.11cr - - Schools -- _ _ O n e - T e n c h c ~_ - Schools _ - _ - - --

Table Showing the Median Grade Scores Made in Language by Schools

of &ady County.

-Gi-adcs

-- ---

-
I11
--

-- - - - - - -- -

I \I

\.

TI

VII

--

-- ---- -

Stnlidn~(1_ _ - . _ - - - - _ - - . - -7-.4- - - . 1.6

11.1

2.

13.1

('silo _ - . - - - - - - _ - - - 8.8- - - - 10_ .2 _ -12_ .0 - _12.3

-.-

Two Teacliel Scl~ools..--_--_ .-_--8.3

10.3

10.3

12.9

Olle-Y'enclrer Scliools - - _ - - - - _ _ _ - _ -

i.O

9.5

8.9

12.1

Table Showing Median Grade Scores Made in Arithmetic By the Schools

of Grady County.

Grade.;

--

I11

I\'

V

TI

I

VllI

RETARDATION AND ELIMINATION
( ' h i l d r c ~u~snally enter sell001 a t tllc agc of six o r seveli year,. If thy,- ~ n a k enorrnal progress, t h e - complctr onr g r a d e each year. Thel-efore t h e rlormal a y e for childl-ell ill t h e first grade i \ six o r seven years, in t h e secontl is seven 01. c~iglityears, ant! so OII tllrouyh t h e grades. A chiltl ill a n y gratlc older t h a n the normal age f o r t h a t g r a d e is consiclcrect over-age o r retarded.

Table Showing the Number and Percentage of Retarded Pupils in the Schools of Grady County.

Total XO. NO.Pupils J'upil5 Retarded

p p

a n d \Vl~igl~amHigh Scl1001~ i S 3

219

('oulltry Schools . - - - - - - - - - 2 l f- i O- - - - -1201

Percentage of Pupils Iietartlcd
3J-2.>-
- .-

Of the 753 chilclren in the C'airo anti Wliigham Schools, 249 or 33 per cent are over age or retarded a n d of the 2,160 pupils in the countr!- schools of tlic. contlty, 1201 or 5.5 ptXrcent are fro1111 to 9 years older tllail tliey should be for thtkir grades. The 1201 retarded chilcll-en in the country scliools have lost
total of 2,663 years or a n ayerage of 1.2 years per pupil i n reaching thrir present stage of advancement in tlie grades. This rneans that it is taking the pupils in the country scliools an arerage of 2 years t o con~pletec.ac21 grade. Such a tre~nendonsloss of time shows the gross inefficiency of thcst. schools. One of tllc causes of retardation is irregular attendance. TVhen children are constantly permitted to be absent frorn school for petty reasons, they call not be expected to makc normal progress in school. Parents who reallj- want t h ~ i r children to be educated will send them to school regularly. But when parents are indifftlrent, the county adtninistratio~l should rigidly enforce the compnlsory attendance lw\v both for the sake of the children a n d of socict:-. Anotlier cause of retardation is the lack of thoroughness in elassrooin work ancl the poor classroom work, as pointed out else~vlierein this bulletin, is due to poorly trained teachers, to lack of teaching equipment at the schools and to the fact that the teachers, especially in the small schools have t o teach too many grades. Poor health, atlerioids, defective eyes or other physical clefects
often cause children to fail to makc their grades. If teachers anti parents \rill co-operate the)- can clo rnlxcli to i ~ n p r o v r
the health of the school children of t h e coluity. The State Hoard of Health will be glad t o make a lnrdieal inspection of the school chilclrell if th(2 coluitp authorities wish it.
Table Showing the Number of Pupils per 100 Entering the First Grade in

the Schools of Grady County Who Stay in School Long Enough to Reach the Seventh Grade.

Gratles

C a i r o ant1 \ ~ ' l i i g l ~ : ~ mI I ~ g l i S c l i o o l ~_ ..__..--..-- 10.0.---- $7i

('oluitlr Scliooli _-----_-___-_-__--____

- - - . - - - -- - - - 1 0 0

23

-- -

-

Ti1 tlie ('air0 and Whigliain Schools, 57 pupils out of each hluiidred pupils 117110 enter tlrc first gratlc sta?- ill \clrool long ellong11 t o r t a c h the sevc~ntligratlt,. ( I n Dooly ( ' o l ~ n t y ,in thr three sc,llior high schools 72 pupils ant of each 100 reach tllc scventll graclc.) Knt in the conntr\- scllools olllj- 23 pupils out of each 100 entering the first gracle stay ill school luntil th(xy rc~achthe seventh grade. A t tliis r a t e 77 out of each 100 fnturp citizens of the connty ~ v i l lhave le\s tliaii ii seventh grade eclucatio~l. Only a very srrlall per cent of tlit.111 \rill have liigl~ school training. At tlic. tirnch the survey was made there T I ~ ~ I - e 708 pnpils in tllc scliools of the couiity (incl~ldiilgCairo anti Whighain.) T11e clereiith grade is taught only ill the Cairo School :tild there ~ r c t - eonly 6 t~lerenthgratlr pnpils at this school. Can the people of Grwtly ('onnty 1)r satisfied wit11 thi.; stantlard of education.

TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS OF TEACHERS.
Some of the schools of the county \rt.re not risitetl a n d the study of the teaching force does not includc. all of the teacher.; of the county. 1Snt the qualifications of 64 tc,scllers a r e iacludetl ln tlie study ant1 it is therefore iiitlicative of the teaching sitatio ion in the connty.
One teacher in thc one-teaclrc~schools lroltls a third grade ele~llelltar>-licc.~ise;\is hold a seconcl grade elenlcntary license a n d only one holds ii first grade elelnentary licrllse. Seven of the 31 teachers in tlie tn-o-tcacher schools l ~ o l dii third grade l)rilna~-ylicense and three llolcl a thirtl gratle elerne1ltar.v lieenst.; two hold a s e c o ~ ~ tgl rade pl*iniary I~censc arlt3 five hold a sceond gl.adr e1thiilentar~- license; one holds a first gratle primary license, five hold ;I first grade elenientary license ancl t w o llolil a first gritdt. high school

licriihe. &o'ur of the 2 1 teachers in the larger schools hold a tllil.(l p a d e primary license, three hold a secoild gi-atlc prima7.y license, thl-ecb hold a secoiltl gratle elementary license, a n d one lloltls a seconcl gradt. high school license. Nine of the teachers
in these schools holtl a first grade elelnenta1.y licaense and t\vo ;I first grade liigli school license. \Ire did not learn ~ v h a t
liceilse tell of the teachers hold. Fifteen of the tt\achers in the co~liityIiold a third grade liccnse a n d twenty hold a second ,oracle lieens(,. l'his fact alone s h o ~ v stlittt the ~,rofessional stantla1.d of t l ~ etrac1lc.r~in tlic. c o ~ u i t yis very Ion7.

RECOMMENDATIONS.

1. ('oiisolldat~onsof scl~oolclistricts \ ~ h ( ~ l .rel-r s~llallert h a n colitei~nplatedluncler Grorgia School lia~r7s.C'onsolitldtlons of
s111allschools ~vhert~vetlo. o near to each other, o l \\llere tlie
best iiltcrrsts of the chilclren ~ v o t ~ lidndicate. Liniitation of itahools to a reasonable in~rtlberof grades per teacher.

'7. Better bl~iltlings ancl c ~ ~ n i p m r n t sA. ll nen blultlii~gs sllonld confornl in their plans to stal~dardreqnirt~rrients as to liglitiiig, heating, \c~iitilation, etc, etc. Plans ihould bi. apl)roved before costly nlist;~lic~asr(. nlad(..

3. A stronger teaching force. So school is bt1ttc.r tlian its tt~~cller.

4. Organizatioll ailel co-orcli~iation No icliool sl~oultlbe

regai.deil as a n ech~cationalunit, but

as part of a

ivsteiii. The systein slioultl 1-c.gart1evelay school as a n ink-

portant part of the n liolc.

--

5. A mode1.n hnsint>ss-likesystein of rclcords. A card index s?.stelll shonltl a t all t i n ~ c ss h o \ r the edncational status anti l)rogrr\s of every cli11d of school age.

6. C'oiistant illid cIos(~ ln-ofessionill slllj(lrvlslO1l of tlie

t('acllin:! pl-ocesses in all schools. Such snprrvision is never lleglectctl 111 ally other business ei1terprisc.s.

7. Rrgirlar periodict~lc~oiiferclicesof all school officials and t('acll('1.s of the system s h o l ~ l dbe insiitetl 11po11. Attr,ndal~ce 1ll)oll s l ~ c hinectiiigs sho~llclbc niadt. a c1ut:-.

CAIRO HIGH SCHOOL.
Tltr (':~iroscl~oolbuildinp m7as 1nlr11ed and a t t h e time t h e s u r r e y was I I I : I It ~l ~~cCairo School rras housed i n temporary bnildings. These tempolar!. I~r~iltlingws ere well ligl~tetl and vcntilatecl a n d were unusually \\.rII :1rrangr11 a n d well kept. T l ~ e y were niuch )letter suited t o wl~oolIucqwsrs than a n y of t l ~ or ther sehool buildings in t h e county.
-111 nf t h e t r a r h e r s in t h e ('airo School have llad either normal or 1.~11lcgteraining ant1 all of them held a first gratle license. T h i s scl~oolis no\\. offcrinp t h e eleventh gracle work and is trying to he put on the arrrctlitr~l ltigl~ scl~oollist. The people of the e o m ~ t y.;l~oulrl be enr~~ltt~ngctoxd sen11 tlleir boys a n d girls t o t h i s school f o r their senior l~igll.;t.l~ool~ v o r k . T l ~ e ycan g e t this training a t home a t much less ex1lr11qrtllatl a t some preparatory scl~ool.
Note.-Since the survey was made, bonds h a v e been voted a n d a n e w building is being erected a t Cairo.

PINE HILL SCHOOL.
Teachers: lltiss X ~ ~ t lLrane, Miss \'anda l\laswell, ('airo, C+;c.
Location: Tlrrce ilriles S o r t l l t o O a k H i l l ; fir(, 111ile. 1ol.tlin est :o Reilo.
Grounds: `ires tn-o a c r r s ; t i t l e s ( !); ~ ~ n i m l ~ r o r e1t1l0; l ~ l a yt~cjuilnilcl1t; n o scliool g n r t l c ~ i s ;good corel.t>rl well; o ~ i l yoile 5ur.fai.c toilet, :n h a d c o ~ r t l i t i o ~ i .Ad,jncent t o clinrclr.
Building: Valuc $1,000.00; t ~ v oc'nss roorris; n o cloak roonlh: i ~ i ~ l ) r o l ~ e r l y liglitrtl; ceiletl; u~lpaintetl.
Equipment: Dou1)le Ilonir-nlaile deslrs; t e a c l ~ e r sclrslis; very poor oilcloth h l a c k b o a r d h ; o n e iliap; n o g l o b e ; a p r i n ~ a r y r c a d i n g c1131.t: one reference tlictioilary; no library; a sanitary cvattr cooler; 5'erei'sl f ra~iieilpit.ture~.
Organization: Tn-o teacllers: e i g h t grailes; e ~ l r ~ l l ~ l lfeif~tJl -t-txri~a: t t e ~ i ~ l a i m fort:--nilre; n o s c l ~ o o lrlul)s; 110 p r o g r a m l~osttetl.
Maintenance: $700.00 f r o m c o ~ u r t yI)o:!rcI a n d local t a s .

UNION HILL SCHOOL.

PLEASANT GROVE SCHOOL.
Teacher: 511'5. E t t a Stanaland, ( ailo, Ga.
Location: One ant1 one-half' n~il(lsSortllcast to E'ine Forcbt: olle ant1 one~half nliles S o ~ ~ t h ~ v cto~ sttl n r c mid o11e-11:tlf' n~i!e- s c l t ~ t l!~o Woorlla~~~l.
Grounds: Area ( !) ; titles ( !) ; :~cljacrntt o cllurcl~a ~ l dc e l ~ i e t e ~ .1~u-1:. improved; 11'0 play ecluipme~~t1;10 scllool gartlells: n-ater f ~ o n i near-by s l ~ r i i i g ;only one sorf;ice toilet, in very bat1 c ~ o l i d i t i o ~ ~ .
Building: Value $300.00; one class roorn, very s ~ n a l l ;no c:onk i'ooms; improperly liglrted; ceiled; unpai~ltrd.
Equipment: J ~ ~ s u f f i c i e n~t iumbel.of singlc patent clcsks; no teaclrer's desk; very poor home-made I~lackboarcls;no maps; IIO charts; no globe; no pictures; no reference t l i c t i o ~ ~ a r y1;10 1iI)mry: covered water cooler, ilidividttal d r i n k i ~ ~cgnps.
Organization: 01ie teacher; \ i s giatles; cnrolln~entf o r t y nine: attell& ance t h i r t y eight; no progra111 posted; no c l u b ; sciell lllo~ltlls s c l ~ o o ly e a r .
Maintenance: $440.00 from corunty board of educatio~i. S O T E : This scl~ooli s t o be co~~woliilatewdit11 P i n e Foreit.

WHIGHAM SCHOOL.

HAWTHORNE SCHOOL
Teacher: Miss Pearl Taylor, ('airo, Ga.
Location: Two 111iles West to 2Proridence Scl~ool.
Grounds: Area, tlonbtful; titles, d o ~ i b t f u l ; ~ ~ ~ ~ i m l ~ r osvmeacll ; pln?grounds; 110 11 a y equipment; surface toilet.
Building: Value $550.00; one c l a w room; no cloak rooms; nllreile(1; 1111painted: ilnproperly l i g l ~ t e d ;not ill good repair.
Equipment: Roug11 I ~ o n ~ e - m a ddeesks; very poor hlack),oards; no malls: n o cllarts; no globe: IIO pictures: no referelure d i r t i o ~ ~ a r yII;O library.
Organization: One t e a r l ~ e r : set-ell grades; e l ~ r o l l n l r ~ lttwent!--five; a t t e l ~ t l a ~ ~ecigellteen; no propralu posted; no rlnl> work.

OAK HILL SCHOOL
Teacher: E. 11. Gainey, Cairo, Gn.
Location: Three ~ n i l e sS o n t l ~t o Pine Hill; t w o a n d half miles West t o Reno.
Grounds: Area two acres; titles in county board of education; unimproved; no play equipment; no school garden; well unfit for use; only one surface toilet.
Building: \-aIn(. $600.00; one c l a ~ sroom; no cloak rooms; unceiled; unp:linted: improperly 'igllted.
Equipment: Double home-mnde desks; teacher '8 table; very poor I~ome. nladr blarkhoards; one map; no globe; no framed pictures; no cllarts; no reference distionnry: nolihrary.
Organization: One teacher; seven grade^; enrollment thirty-five; a t trnd:lnce t l ~ i r t y - t w o ;110 program postecl: seven nlontlls school year.

SHADY GROVE SCHOOL

I

Teacher: Miss Marie Swicorcl, \\'l~ighnrn,Ga.
Location: Four miles to TV"'~ighan~.
Grounds: Area ( ?); titles ( ? ) ; I I I I ~ I I I ~ ~ O T C bI ~u,t well kept; no play eqnipment; no school gardens; two surface toileta.
BuiMing: Value $500.00. one class room; no cloak rooms; veiled; painted inside; improperly lighted.
Equipment: Double patent desks; teacller's table; very poor blackl ~ o a r d s ;no charts; no maps; no globe; no framer1 picturep; no ~ e f e r e n c edictionary; no library.
Organization: One t e a c l ~ e r ;seven grades; e n r o l l m e ~ ~t ~t v c ~ a t y - f o u ra;t. tendanre nineteen; no program postrtl; no clubs.

SWAMP CREEK SCHOOL.
Teacher: Miss Ratlleryn Bindschalder, Whigham, Ga.
Location: Four miles Sort11 t o Sha(1y Grove; half mile to Decatnr county line.
Grounds: Area, donbtful; titles, tlool~tful;unimproved; r e r y m a l l play grounds, no play equipment; no school garden; one surface toilet.
Building: Value $200.00; one class room; no cloak rooms; r e r y bad repair; improperly and insufficiently lighteil; wl~ollyunsuited for scl~oolpurposes.
Equipment: Very rough home-made dewks; r e r y poor blackboards; no maps; no cllarts; no globe; no pictures; no reference dictionary; no library.
Organization: One teacher; eight grades; enrollment thirty-five; at. tendance twenty-eight; no program posted; no club work.

CHASON SCHOOL
Teachers: Miss IIester Cook, Miss Pearcie ('one, Cairo, Ga.
Location: Three and one-half miles Sootlreast to Walker pehool; four miles S o r t h w e s t t o \Voodland; six miles t o C'airo.
Grounds: .Area two acres; titles ( ? ) ; u ~ ~ i m p r o l r e d11;0 play equipment; no scllool garden; good well on groonclq; two surface toilets.
Building: 17alue $1,600.00; two class rooms; one ~ n a l lcloak room; painted outside only; improperly liglrted; floors not oiled.
Equipment: Donhle patent and llome-made desks; one teaclrer's desk: llome-made hlackhoarils; no maps; no ellarts; no globe; no framed pirtnres; no referenee ilictionary; no 1il)rary. ('ovrretl water coolers and in(livi(111al drinking cups.
Organization: TIVOteachers; seven grades; e n r o l l m e ~ ~1t.,38; attendancr, 5-1;no scllool c.luhs; no program ~lostecl. Two school pigs.

GOLDENROD SCHOOL
Teachers: R. L. Rodiford, Miss Mabel Richter, Cairo, Ga.
Location: One and one-half miles East t o \Voodland; four iiiiles S o l t l ~ to Pleasant Grove; f o u r an11 one-half miles Soot11 t o Cairo.
Grounds: -1rea one acre; titles in county board of etlocation; uninl~ w o v r d ;no school gardens; no play equipment; water from neighlmr's \vr I ; only one surface toilet, in had condition.
Building: Value $1;200.00; one large class room, divicled b y a thin rnrtain: 110 cloak rooms; floors not oiled; partly ceile(1; tulpai~ltell; improperly lighteil.
Equipment: Double home-made desks; no teachers' desks; insufficient ninonnt of r e r p poor blackboards; no maps; no charts: no globes; no fr:inied pirturea; no reference dictionary; no lihrary.
Organization: Two teachers; seven grades; enrollment fifty-six; attend:lnce thirty-one; no school clubs; no programs posted.
Maintenance: $:00.00 f r o n ~eoiiiitp boarit a n d local taxes.

CENTRAL SCHOOL.
Teachers: Miss Edge, Miss Taylor, Miss IVynn, Cairo, Ga. Location: Tllree miles S o u t l ~t o Swamp Creek school. Grounds: Area two acres; titles ( ? ); ample play grounds;
ment; no scl~oolgardens; well kept. Building: Value $1,200.00; t h e e elass rooms; no cloak rooms; partly
reiled; unpainted; improper1.v lialltrd. S e w u n f i ~ ~ i s h ebduilding. Equipment: Double patent desks; no teachers' desks; very poor blark-
hoards; no maps; no globe; no r l ~ a r t s ;no referenee dictionary; 110 library. Organization: Tllree teachers; nine gratles: ellrollmrnt 118; attendanrc 94; no sc.lloo1 clubs.

PINE FOREST SCHOOL
Teachers: ;\. 3f. Prince, Miss F o p Saddler, ('airo, Ga.
Location: Two lniles S o u t l ~t o Pleasant Grove; two a n d one-half miles Sort11 to Spence; three and one-half miles Soutli East to Union Academy.
Grounds: Area one acre; titles conditional; unimproved; r c r y small laygr grounds; no play equipment; very shallow surface well (unfit for use); only one surface toilet in had condition.
Building: Value $300.00; two small class rooms; no cloak rooms; partly ceilecl; unpainted; improperly a n d insufficiently l i g l ~ t e d ; insuffirirntly Ileatec) b y small stoves with pipes running directly through weatherboarding.
Equipment: Dolible Ilome-made desks; no teacliers' desks; small amount of very poor Iiome-made blackboards; no maps; no charts; no globe; no pictures; no reference dictionary; no lihrary.
Organization: Two teachers; seven grades; enrollment seventy-three; attendance thirty-nine; no clubs; no program posted.
Maintenance: $803.00 from county board of education.

PLEASANT VALLEY SCHOOL.
Teachers: L. E. Reagan, Miss Wille Grace Miller, Cairo, Ga.
Location: Fonr miles Northeast to Pleasant Hill; fonr miles Sontl~nest t o S u ~ ~ n y s i dscehool.
Grounds: Area tn70 acres; titles in connty board of education; fenced, rlean, and n-ell kept; a f e w flowers planted; no play equipment; surface we'l; only one snrfaee toilet.
Building: Value $500.00; one class room (divided b y a thin curtain): no cloak rooms; insufficiently and improperly lighted; reiled; tulpainted.
Equipment: Doul~lepatent and I~ome-madedesks; 110 teachers' deqks; good l ~ l a c k l ~ o a r d so;ne globe; no maps; no rllarts; 110 reference dictionary; no pictures; no library.
Organization: Two teachers; eight grades; enrollment forty-eight; :ittendance thirty-eigllt; no scl~oolclubs; no programv posted.
Maintenance: 8840.00 from c o n n t r board of edocation a n d local t a s .

SPENCE SCHOOL.
Teachers: J..'l' Ferrell, Miss -1lma Faircloth.
Location: T l ~ r e ea n d one-half n ~ i l c sS o r t h e a s t t o Vnion scl~ool.
Grounds: Area two acres; titles incomplete on account of a d e b t ; 1111improved; no play equipment; well on premises; two surface toilets in had ro~~dition.
Building: Value $1,600.00; two class rooms; no cloak rooms; imy~..o~~rrly lighted; ceiled; painted outside only; insufficiently I~eatetl;daagerous stove pipes.
Equipment: Double patent desks; no teaehcrs' desks; home-made blackI)oards in bad condition; no maps; no glol)e: no cl~arts:no reference clictiouary ; no library; no frame(l pictures.
Organization: Two teachers; sere11 grades; enrollment ninety-one: nttendnnce eigl~ty-three;no sehool elubs: programs posted.
!name: $770.00 from count7 board a n d !oral tax.

BEACHTON SCHOOL.
Teacher: Miss Rut11 Connally, Cairo, Ga.
Location: Y o school less than eight miles away.
Grounds: Area (V); titles ( ?); scl~oolgrounds covered wit11 very large
oaks, making a fine grove; two sanitary toilets.
Building: Value $1,000.00; one class room; cloak rooms; well lighted (unilateral); breeze winclows affortl goocl ventilation; painted; stained outside; well planned a n d \re11 constructed; probably t h e best planned scl~oolhousr in t h e eoanty.
Equipment: Single desks with chair seats; tcacller's desk; good blaek1,oards properly placed; maps; no globe; no c l ~ a r t s ;110 reference ~lictionary; no 1il)rar.v.
Organization: One teacher; seven grades; enroll~nentf o r t y ; attendance thirty-eight; seven months sell001 year; no program posted; no school clnhs.
Maintenance: $420.00 from county board of education.

--

-

WOODLAND SCHOOL.
Teachers: Miss Lila ('hastain, Miss Mamie Katson, Cairo, Ga. Location: Four miles to r n i o n school; fonr miles to Goldenrod; fonr
n~ilesto ('l~ason.
Grounds: Area one and one-half acres; titles (?); unimproved; no play equipment; no school gardens; uncovered surface well; only one surfare toilet, bat1 condition.
Building: \'slue $1,000.00; t w o class rooms; no cloak rooms; improperly ligl~ted;painted outside a n d one room inside.
Equipment: Double patent and home-made desks; teachers' desks; gootl l~lackboards;no maps; no globe; primary chart; a f e w framed pictures; 110 reference dictionarp; no library; covered water cooler and individual drinking enps.
Organization: Two t e a c l ~ e r s ;eight grades; enrollment 110; attendance seventy-one; no scl~oolclubs; no programs posted.
Maintenance: $1,030.00 from county board of education and local tax.

FAIRVIEW SCHOOL.

I

Teachers: -Mrs. Donnie Ralston, Miss Ivy Bussep, Miss E v a Shores, Cairo, Ga.

I

Location: Three and one-half miles South t o Oak Hill; fire miles South \Vest t o Reno; seven anil one-half miles S o r t h t o Cairo.

Grounds: Area two acres; titles coonty hoard of education; fenced; ample play grounds; no play equipment other t l ~ a nB. B. court; shallonr surface well; t w o s ~ u ' f a r rtbilets, one good condition, o l ~ e had coutlition.

Building: 'slue $2,300.00; three class rooms; no cloak rooins; impro2)crly lighted; we'l built, hut I ~ a d l yplanned; painted outside only:
n-ell kept.

Equipment: Double p s t e n t desks; t m c l ~ e r ~ta' bles; good black hoard^: no maps; no globes; a p r i n ~ a r yellart; no reference dictionary; a
set of Fefarent*e l~ooks,hut no library case; a scl~oolpiano.

Organization: Three teachers; nine grades: enrollment eiglitp-five; a t t e n ~ l a n c efifty; eight months school year; no scl~oolc:ul~s.

Maintenance: 51,320.00 from colinty hoard a n d local tax.

GREENWOOD SCHOOL.
Teacher: Miss Mabel Hines, ('airo, Ga.
Location: Two a n d one-ha:f miles S o r t h e a s t t o Cairo.
G r 0 ~ 3 s : Area one acre; titles ( ?); unimprored; small play grounds; no play equipment; shallon* surface well; no toilets.
Building: Value $500.00; one class room; 110 cloak rooms; iml>roperly lighted; ceiletl; painted outsitle only.
Equipment: Double patent desks; teacher's table; good black 1)oards; set map in good case; no globe; no c l ~ a r t s ;no pictorcs; no reference dietionar-; library of one h t u ~ d r e dl~ooks.
Organization: One t e a c l ~ r r ; w r e n grades; enroll~nent fifty-eight; a t tendance thirty-eight.

SUNNYSIDE SCHOOL.

Teacher: Miss ------------.---------,Cairo,

Ga.

Location: Three a n d one half miles Soutll t o Cairo.

1

Grounds: Area one acre; titles ( ?); fenced; unimproved; \ r i t l ~ o u tplay I )

ecjuipme~it;elemi and well kept; surface toilets.

I

I

1 Building: $300.00; one class room; u o cloak rooms; reiled; unpainterl;

inllwoperlp ligllted.

Equipment: Double patent desks; 110 teacher'$ clesk; good 1~lackhom.tls: one reference dictionary; no framed pirtures; 1il)rar.v wit11 case;
no maps; no glohe; no charts.

Organization: One teacher; six grades; enrollment t l ~ i r t p ;atte11danc.e a1)out t w e n t y - t w o ; n o school clr11)s; no program posted.

I

MOORE SCHOOL.
Teacher: Miss Mary Comn~aliy,Cairo, Ga.
Location: Three miles t o Connell school.
Grounds: Area ( 7 ) ; titles ( ?); unimproved, no school gardens; s ~ n a l l playgrounds; no play equipment; no toilets.
Building: The school hollse war recently burned, a n d t h e school i s opcrating temporarily in a very unsuitable tenant house. S o t sufficiently or properly liglited, a n d otl~crwise unsuited f o r sell001 purposes.
Equipment: Rougli home-made desks; very poor home-made blackboards; no o t l ~ e rteaching equipment; rooma vcry much crowdcd.
Organization: One teacher; seven grades; e n r o l l m e ~ ~tthirty-five; a t tendance twenty-one; no p'ograms posted.
Maintenance: $385.00 from county board of education. 41

Teacher: Miss Ethel Colvett, Cairo, Ga.

I

Location: Two and one-half miles X7est to C'airo.

I

Grounds: Area one acre; titles in county board of education; nnim. I proved, hut well kept; no play equipment; no school gardens: water from sllallon. surface well; two surface toilets in bad conclitiolz.

Building: Value $300.00; our class room; no cloak roonls; sofficientl., hut very improperly ligllte(1; painted.

Equipment: Double patent desks; good blackboards; no tc~acher'sdesk; one snlall State map; no globe; no framed pictures; onr refrrence
clirtionary; no !il~rar.v.

Organization: One tescller; e i g l ~ t grades; enrollment fifty-four: a t telltlance 33; no programs postrd; no clubs; right n ~ o n t l ~sscl~o rear.

Maintenance: $84.30 per montli f ~ o mlocal tax and county I~onrd,:I!

matriculation fee.; of $1.30. (Fees not generally paid.)

I

PROVIDENCE SCHOOL.
Teachers: Mr. J. 1'. Sn-an, Miss Mary Darsey, Cairo, Ga. .
Location: Two lniles S O I I ~ IEI a s t t o I I a w t l ~ o r n e ; two miles \Yest i o Shady Grove.
Grounds: Area doubtful; titles in adjacent rhurch; unin~pro\-etl;no play equipment; two surface toilets.
Building: Value $830.00; two class rooms; no cloak roolns; unpaintetl; i ~ ~ s u f f i c i e n t layn d improperly ligl~ted.
Equipment: Double patent tlrsks; good blackboards; goo41 set maps ill rase; no reference tlictionary; no library.
Organization: Two teachers; eight grades; enrolln~elltsixty-eight; at. tendance sixty; no plograms posted.

CONNELL SCHOOL.
Teachers: Miss LaVerte Haister, Miss Lillie Ponder, ('airo, Ga.
Location: Three miles Southwest to Bunker Hill; three miles West to Spring Hill school.
Grounds: Area one acre; titles in loral trustees; fine grove, well cared for; partly improved; water from a neighbor's well; two snrfacc toilets.
Building: \-aluc $.?00.00; only one class room; no cloak rooms; eeiled: unpainted; in1proper1.v lighted; two teachers attempting n-ork in one room.
Equipment: Donble home-made desks; a teacher's table; rerp small amount of good l~lackhoard;one primary r h a r t ; one glohe; set of maps in good case; no framed pictures; no referenee dictionary; no library; water cooler and individual drinking cups.
Organization: Two teachers; eight grades; enrollment ninrty-two; a t tendance sixty-four; no programs posted.
Maintenance: $803.00 from c o t u ~ t pboard a n d local taxes.
44

I
EUREKA SCHOOL.
Teachers: Miss Lois Spence, Miss M a t t i e Lee Barnes.
Location: One anil one-half miles E a s t t o Union Hill; tllree ant1 one-half niiles Southwest to S e w Home.
Grounds: Area two acres; titles, conditional; no scl~oolgardens; no play equipment; two surface toilets in bad condition. Water from neigl~bo'rs well.
Building: Value $900.00; one large class room divided 1,y t l ~ i i ipartition; no cloak rooms; improperly ligllted; ceiled; unpainted; floors not oiled; not well kept; dangerons stove pipes.
Equipment: Double 11on1e-made desks; no t e a c l ~ e r ' s desks; I~ome-niadc blackboartls in bad rendition; s n ~ a l lmap; no glohe; no charts; no pictures; no reference dictionary; no li1,rai-y.
Organization: Two tea'llers; seven grades; enrollment sixty; nttendnne: fifty-five; no scl~oolclubs; 110 programs posted.
Maintenance: $840.00 fro111 c o m ~ t pboarcls of education of Gracly anrl Mitcliell counties.

LIVE OAK SCHOOL.
Teachers: hfiss Edna Sasser, Miss R~ibieMills, Cairo, Ga.
Location: Two and one-half miles Sort11 East to Elpino school; to Siloam.
Grounds: Area (?); titles (?); unimpaired; very little play equipment: no school gardens; two surface toilets; arranging to bore a deep well.
Building: Value $2,000.00; three class rooms; no cloak rooms; foldinc doors: improperly lighted; floors oiled; ceiled; unpainteil.
Equipment: Single patent and Iiome-made desks; one teacher's desk: Iiome-made hlackboards, poor; one primary reading chart; one map; one small globe; one victrola; no framed pictures; a reference dietionary: no library.
Organization: Two teachers; nine grades: enrollme~~stixty-eight; a t tent1:cnee sixty-one; two literary clnbs; no programs posted.
Maintenance: 11,03.00 from cokunty board and local t a s .

OAK GROVE SCHOOL.
Teachers: JIiss lMary Maxwell, Miss Pearl Ott, Cairo, Ga.
Location: Three and one-half miles Soutl~east o S e w IIome; three and one-half miles Soutll t o EIPino.
Grounds: Area .( 9) ; titles ( ?); nnimproved; very little playgroan~ls; no play equipment; no scl~oolgarden; shallon. surfare well; two surface toilets.
Building: Value $850.00; two class rooms; no cloak rooms; ilnproperlp 2nd insufficiently l i g l ~ t e d ; ceiled; nnpaintecl.
Equipment: Douhle home-made desks; no teachers' desks: r e r - poor 1)lackboards; no map<: no g1ol)e: no charts; no fm111e11pictr~res; no reference dictionary; no lil3rary.
Organization: Two teachers; seven grades; enrolln~entseventy-sis: a t tendance fifty-nine; no sel~oolclnhs; no programs powted.
Maintenance: $700.00 f r o ~ ncounty hoaril of education.

PAWNEE SCHOOL.
Teach-*. .vlln. ('. G. IIarrell, Miss S a o m i Jones, ('airo, Ga.
Location: S o scl~oolnearer t l ~ a na l ) o ~ l tsix n~iles.
Grounds: - b r a two acres; titles ( ? ) : fencecl: nnimprorrd: 110 rcllool gardens: no play etluipn~ent;w n t r r from a deep well wit11 goo,l 1mn11'; 0111- one snrfncr toilet.
Building: Valne $1,000.00: two elass rooms; n o rlonk rooms; ceilrtl; paintetl orrtside ollly; floors not oiled; improperly ligl~tecl.
Equipment: n o ~ l > lpentellt ~lesk.;;t r a r l ~ e r s t'ables*; oilfloth blackboartts; one map; no g l o l ) ~ ;110 charts; no frnmed p i r t u r r s ; no refercncae dirtionnry ; no lilrrary.
Organization: Two t e a r l ~ e r s ;eight grades; e11roll11lr11tsixty-srvrll: nttendnncc= forty-scrrn; a literary ~1111~.
Maintenance: $i.?.?.OO from e o r ~ n t yhoard of ellucation.

PLEASANT HILL SCHOOL.
Teachers: Miss Mamie Oliver, Miss T'ixie Oliver, Cairo, Ga.
Location: Two anil one-lialf lniles S o r t l ~ e a s tt o Pleasant Grove; t w o and onr-half miles Soutllwest to Pleasant Valley; tlwee and onehalf miles S o r t l ~ w e s t o I.:ll'ino.
Grounds: -1rea ( ?); titles ( ?); fenced, I ~ u t otliern*i.;e unimpro\-ell; grounds not well kept; no sel~oolgardens; no play equipment; RII~IIo\svnrface ell; onlv one surface toilet, i n 11a1lcondition.
Building: Value $1,000.00; two class r o o ~ n s ;no eloak rooms; insufficiently and improperly lighted; floors not oiled; ceilrd; unpainted.
Equipment: Double home-made desks; no teaeherp' clesks; good blackl ~ o a r d s(insufficient amount in p r i n ~ a r yroom); set maps in good .roller ease; one globe; no rrferenec tlictionarp; no f m m d pictures; gooil book-ease; f e w 1)ooks in library. W a t e r cooler and individual cups.
Organization: Two teaellers; nine grades; enrolln~ent ninety-two; a t tendance sixty; no s r l ~ o o lclubs; no program poste11.
Maintenance: $'340.00 from county hoard ancl local tax.

RENO SCHOOL.
Teachers: Mrs. E. at. Gainep, Mis3 S'ellie Garland, Reno, Ga. ---- --
Location: Two nncl one-half miles E a s t to Oak Rill; three miles Southwest to Pine Union.
Grounds: Area one acre; titles ( ? ) ; unimproved; no play equipn~ent; no srhool garden; surface well, uncovered; only one surfarc' toilet in bad condition.
Building: Value $300.00; t w o class rooms; n o cloak rooms; i n s n f f i c i e ~ ~ t l y and improperly lighted; criletl; unpainted.
Equipment: Rough home-made desks; I~omc-madeblackboards; no tear11 ers' desks; uo maps; no globe; no charts; no framed pictures; n( refercnnre tlictionary; no lihrary.
Organization: l'n-o teachers; seven gradev; enrollment ninety-sis; a t tendance al)out sixty-five; a literary scl~oocl lub; no program posted
Maintenance: $873.00 from county hoard of e(1ncation.

SHERWOOD SCHOOL.
Teachers: Miss M a t t i e Gainey, Miss Ellen Gainey, W h i g l ~ a n ~G,a.
Location: Four n ~ i l e sE a s t t o B e a l ~ t o n ; pis nliles~West t o P i n e Hill sc11001.
Grounds: Area one acre; titles ( ? ) : we11 fenced, a n d some other inlprovements; some flowers; water f r o n ~a neighbor's we1 ; two surface toilets, in fair condition.
Building: Valor $1,.500.00; one claca room divided by a c n r t a i ~ ~c:loak rooms; XI-elll i g l ~ t e d ;well painted; i n good conilition ant1 well kept.
Equipment: Single a n d double patent desks; good t e a c l ~ e r s 'desks; good 1)lackl)oarils; 110 maps; a globe; a reference dictionary; :I 1il)rary: wnter cooler with b ~ ~ h b l i nf ogu n t ; \I-ell celected framed pictures.
Organization: Two teachers; eight grades: e ~ n o l l m c n t thirty-five; a:tendance twenty-eight; scl~oolrluhs.
Maintenance: $770.00 from rounty board of eclocation a n d loca1,tas.

UNION ACADEMY SCHOOL.
Teachers: Mrs. Belle Dison, Miss Elunice Cogland, Cairo, Ga.
Grounds: Area one and one-half acres; titles in private in(liridua1; unimproved; no sell001 gardens; no play e q u i p m n ~ t .
Building: Value $1,800.00; two class roomv; one cloak room; insnfficiently and improperly lighted; floors not oiled; partly ceiled; paintetl outside only; l ~ e a t e dinsnfficiently b y very small stoves.
Equipment: Double patent and 11ome-made tlesks; no teaellera' desks: insufficient amount of \.cry poor l~lackboarcls;no maps; no globe; one reading chart; no reference dictionary; no framed pictures; no library.
Organization: Two teachers; eight grades; enrollment sixty-five; attenrlance fifty-five; no school clubs; no programs posted.
Maintenance: $805.00 from county bonril of eclucation an11 local t a r .

UNION HILL SCHOOL.
Teachers: L. R. Manldin, Miss ('al:ie Sue ('arter, Cairo, Ga.
Location: One and one-half miles S o r t l l t o Eureka school; two an,l one-half miles \Vest to Spence scllool.
Grounds: Area tn-o acres; titles conclitional; unimproved; not a e l l kept: no play eqnipment; no s~choolgardens; shallow surface well; only one surface toilet.
Building: Valne $1,200.00; one large class room f o r both teachers; 11n clonk rooms; unfinished; ~unceile(l;l u ~ p a i n t e d ;improperly lighted; not well kept.
Equipment: S o desks (long b e n c l ~ e s ) ;no teachers' desks; very m a l l Iion~e-madehlackhoard; no maps; no globe; no charts; no refcrence dictionary; no pictures; no library.
Organization: Two teachers; eight grades; enrollment s~event;; attencla n r e sixty; no school clubs; no progranls postecl. Some popils without test-books.
Maintenance: $700.00 from c0llnt.v board of edncstion.

UNION SPRINGS SCHOOL.
Teachers: >lisp Minnie I n g r a n ~ ,Miss S e l i a Hartley, Cairo, Ga.
Location: Two an11 one-half miles t o Colui~ell school; f o n r miles t o JIoore's; four miles to Whigham.
Grounds: Area ( ?); titles ( ?); uminiprove(1; no srllool g a r t l e ~ ~ sn;o plateqniplnent; s 1 1 a I I o ~s~ ~l ~ r f : ~we e ll; only one s ~ l r f a e etoilet, in I,arl condition.
Building: T a l n e $9.50.00; t w o class rooms; no cloak rooms; insufficiently : ~ n dimproperly lighted; ceiled; u n p a i ~ ~ t c d .
Rrluipment: noul,le patent desks; no tearllers' desks; Irome-made black1)oards; no maps; no charts; no glo1,es; no pictures; 110 referrnec dictionary; 110 library; bos flowers.
Organization: Two teachers; seven grades; enrollment sixty-seven; a t t e n ~ l m ~ cfiefty-<is; a literary rlul); IIO programs 1,ostcd.

MIDWAY SCHOOL.
Teachers: C'. D. Hinson, Miss A\l~iiaElkins, Mrs. Donald U'\'b;liam.;, Cairo, Ga.
Location: Three miles Southwest t o F;~irview;four lniles S o r t l ~ ~ \ - etsot ('airo.
G ~ o u ~ sX: ~ e aone acre; titles ( ?); unimproved; no play equipment; no gardens; surface well; tKo surface toilets, in bad condition.
Building: T a l u e $2,000.00; tllree clas3 rooms; no cloak rooms; improperly l i g l ~ t e d ,except a s t o one nemT room added; eeiled; partly painter1 outside only; store dues are dangerous.
Equipment: Double p a t e n t and home-made desks; teachers' tahles; hon~e-madeblackboards; no maps; no globes; 110 c l ~ a r t s ;110 reference clictionarp; no l i l ~ r a r y ;no framed pictures.
Organization: Three teachrrs; eight grades; enrollment 126; attenda n r e 89: no school c l u l ~ s ;seven nionths scl~oolyear.
Maintenance: $1,133.00 from cotunt- boaril of edneation a n d local tax.

ELPINO SCHOOL.
Teachers: H. ('. Collias, Miss Susie Wileox, Miss I r m a S e S m i t h , ('airo, Ga.
Location: Two a n d one-half miles Southwest t o Oak Grove; three nlileq Southwest to Pleasant Grove.
Grounds: A r e a f o u r acres; titles in local trustees (eonilitional); unimproved; no scl~oolgardens; no play equipment; surface well; only one surface toilet in very bad condition.
Building: Temporarily using a n old Lodge building, a s t h e school house was recently burned. Entirely unsuited for school purposes. Rooms well kept.
Equipment: Double patent desks; one teacher's desk; good blackboards: one globe; one map; a reading chart; a reference dictionary; no library; indiridual drinking cups.
Organization: Three teachers; eight grades; enrollment 1-10; attendance 101; seven months school year; no school cluhs.
Maintenance: $1,22.5.00 from county board of education.

CALVARY SCHOOL.
Teachers: I-I. C. Page, Mrs. Tom Stephens, Mrs. Glenn Griffith, Miss S o r a Dalton, Calvary, Ga.
Location: T l ~ r e e~ n i l e sS o r t h e a s t t o O a k Hill; f o u r miles S o r t l ~ e a s tto Reno.
Grounds: Area ( ? ) ; titles in local hoard; large playgrot~nds;very little play e q u i p ~ n e n t ;IIO scl~oolgardens or flowers; water from spring; only one surface toilet in 1)ad condition.
Building: Value $3,000.00; four class rooms; no cloak rooms; very large building very badly planned for school purposes; reiled; part1)painted ontside only; store pipes in dangerous condition; floors not oiled.
Eguipment: Insufficient number double patent desks; teachers' desks; good blackboards; one map; small globe; several framed pictures; s ~ n a l lliljrary wit11 case; two srhool pianos ( i n b a d repair).
Organization: Four teachers; t e n grades; enrollment 116; attendance 112; eight m o i ~ t h sschool y e a r ; a scl~ooli n ~ p r o r e m e n tclub.

WALKER SCHOOL.
Tcachers: J. S. Chastain, Mists Louise Moore, Miss Sal,ie IIorst, ('niro, Ga.
Location: Tllree miles Sort11 t o Chason; two a n d one-half miles S o u t l ~ t o P i n e P a r k ; four ant1 one-half miles West t o P i n e Summit.
Grounds: Area two acres; titles ( ? ) ; nnimproved; s~11allplay grounds; no play- equipment; 110 school gardens; shallow well; only onc snrface toilet.
Building: Value $1,500.00; three class rooms; no cloak room*; improperly lightecl; painted outsicle only.
Equipment: Home-made desks; teachers' desks; gooil l,'ackl~oards (ins~lffieient quantity); no maps; no glohe; no cl~arts;no framed pictures; no reference dictionary; .mall library; scl~oolpiano.
Organization: T l ~ r e et e a c l ~ n s ;nine gracles; enrollment sisty; attendance thirty-fire; eight months school year; no scl~oolclul~s.
Maintenance: $1,110.00 from county board of rducatio~la n d local tax.

NEW HOME SCHOOL.
Teachers: Miss ('levie IIand, Miss Mae Bonrl, Miss Zudie \\'jlder, Cairo, Ga.
Location: Four inilcs West t o Oak Gro\.e; four 111ile>E a s t t o Spence; four il~ilcsSontliwrst to ElT'ino.
Grounds: Area two and vile-half acles; titles in local trnsters; fenced; ample playgrounds; flower gardens for all gradei; surface well; two surface toilets in f a i r contlition.
Building: Value $3,000.00; three class rooms; no cloak roomy; improperly lighted; hnilding new and ill good repail ; paintect outsitle only; well kept.
Equipment: Douhle patelit a n d honle-n~aclede5ks; one teacher's table;
good blackboards; a refrrencae rlictioiiary; one T.F. map; no globe;
clerirry f o r primary grades; produczts maps; no library; scllool flag.
Organization: Three tear hers^; sexell grades; m r o l l m e l ~ t one hundred and forty; attcndalice seventy-seven; no scl~ool rlubs. Seven months srhool year.
Maintenance: $1,190.00 fly1111 c.on11ty board of eclucatioil.