Thirty-fifth annual report of the Department of Education to the General Assembly of the State of Georgia for the school year ending December 31, 1906 [1907]

THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT
FROM THE
DEPARTMENTff EDUCATION
TO THE
General Assembly
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
FOR THE
School Year Ending December 3i, 1906
ATJ.AN'rA, GA.
THE FRANKLIN-TURNER COMPANY
PRINTltRS, PUBJ.ISHERS, BINDltRS
1907

OFFICEOFiSTATE SCHOOL COMMISSIONER, A1LANTA, GA., June 20, 1907.
To:Hzs Excellency, Joseph M. Terrell, Governor of Georgia:
DEAR SIR :-In accordance with the requirements of the law; I have the honor to submit to you the Thirty-fifth Annual Report from the Department of Education of the State of Georgia.
Respectfully, WM. B. MERRITT,
State School Commissioner.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION.

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION.

Joseph M. Terrell, President W. B. Merritt, Executive 0tfice~ John C. HarL .
PhiIiP Cook
William A.. Wright.

. _. Governor. State School Comm'r.
Attorney-General. Secretary of State. Comptroller-General.

J. N. Rogers, Secretary of Board__ ..

Clerk to S. S. C.

STATE SCH00L COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE.

W. B. MerritL

J. N. Rogers

.

Mrs. G. A. Alexander

State School Commissioner.

. . __.

Clerk.

Secretary.

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

University of Georgia

Georgia School of Technology Georgia Normal and Indus~rial ~oi1ege

State Normal School.

,.;..,

North Georgia Agricult,u:a, College

Georgia School for the Deaf

Georgia Academy for tile Blind

,

Georgia State Indu.tn" I College for

Colored Youths

,

A;hens .. , " ,.,..,IJ. C. Barrow. Chancellor.

Atlanta

:..,;.K~ Ct. ,Matheson, President.

i!. Mi11edgeville

:.:~i1:

Parks, President.

Athens

E.. C. iIlr.!'llson, President.

Dahlonega

G: K. 1l<;nn, President.

Cave Spring

W. 0; g<:>;'''l.or, Principal.

M'!CC'Il.. ;

; G. F. Olip,4ant Principal.

3ava""ah

R. R. Wright, President.

THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT
FROM THE
Department of Education
TO THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA
Gentlemen of the General Assembly:
The following report is submitted to the General Assembly in accordance with the law found in the Acts of the General Assembly, 1892, page 85, Section I :
"That the State School Commissioner shall make an annual report to the General Assembly, in which he shall present a statement of the condition and amount of all funds and property appropriated to the purpose of public education; a statement of the number of common and public schools of the various grades, in the State; the number of scholars attending such schools; their sex, color, and the branches taught; a statement of the average cost per scholar of instruction under the common school system in each county; a statement of the plans for the management, extension and improvement of the common schools; a statement of the number of children of school age in the State, with as much accuracy as the same can be ascertained; also, a statement of the number of private schools and colleges of the different kin-ds in the State; the number of pupils in such schools or colleges; their sex, the branches taught, the average cost of tuition per scholar in said schools and colleges."
The report presented for the year 1906 contains record of much advancement and progress along all lines of educational work. This does not indicate that our problems are all solved. I believe that the existence of problems and the recognition of them, together with the determination to solve them constitute the chief part of civilization and progress. I endorse the sentiment Dione who has said:

6
"The more radically you think of the problems of human existence, the more deeply you seek to penetrate them, the more insoluble they seem to become. Any final solution, even if possible, would not be desirable. It would be a calamity. Humanity would stagnate,. grow torpid and indolent; and its glorious evolution would be arested, if each new generation were not confronted with urgent riddles, both abstract and concrete, clamoring for solution. There is, however, no danger of our incurring degeneration and decay by guessing, once for all, the riddle of the sphinx. It is an evidence of our spirtual vitality that we have no lack of problems, and can not desist from persistent, though discouraging attempts to grapple with them.
"The spirit that questions accepted truisms, that reveals pitfalls where we fancied ourselves safe, and feels the storm in advance, in spite of the official fair-weather signals, therefore urges its possessor to a thankless but by no means unprofitable labor."
PROGRESS OF HIGH SCHOOL WORK.

The progress of high schools throughout the Southern States is very gratifying. It is almost the universal policy of these States, and the fixed policy of States in other sections, to encourage the establishment of high schools by giving some aid

by direct State appropriation. At present, the Constitution of the State of Georgia forbids the Legislature to make such appropriation. Gradually, the inconsistency of the State providing for elementary education, and maintaining institutions for higher learning, while neglecting the high school entirely,

has been recognized, and is deplored by the people of the State. The time is ripe for a change in our Constitution that will permit State aid being extended to high schools.
Fortunately many good high schools have been established by local school systems, and by several religious denominations of this State, but our high school work needs still fur-

ther development. It needs and deserves encouragement until every county, and most of the rural districts have the advan-

tages of a high school course.

_

One of the best plans for encouraging high schools is that adopted by Virginia of appropriating a certain amount to high

7
schools of one grade, more to those of two, and still more to
the three-grade high schools. State Superintendent J. D. Eg-
gleston, Jr., elsewhere in this report states, relative to high school work:
"The high school fund for this year has been distributed among one hundred and sixty-eight schools, in amounts ranging from $200.00 to $400.00 each. It is safe to say that the counties and cities have contributed not less than $200,000 additional for the pay of the high school teachers. Many of the old and established high schools have not asked for State aid."
INCREASED APPROPRIATIONS FOR COMMON SCHOOLS AND STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. '
Alabama has set a precedent in this regard by the magnificent work done in their last Legislature. About two-thirds of the counties of Alabama have voted a local tax for their common schools.
"In addition to the local tax, and the usual State appropriation, the recent Legislature made an additional appropriation of $300,000 to the public schools of the State for next year, and for each year thereafter an additional appropriation of $35,000. A bill was also passed appropriating $1,000 to each county of the State for the repairing and erecting of rural schoolhouses, making an annual appropriation of $67,000 for this purpose." More liberal appropriations were also made to the district agricultural schools than heretofore. The State University, the normal schools, and other educational institutions were given increased appropriations. The exact amounts of these appropriations will be found elsewhere in the statement furnished by Superintendent H. C. Gunnels.
Other States have been taking notable strides along these lines, and all see;m enough interested in more efficient school work'and in the prompt payment of teachers to do just what Alabama has done.
SALARIES OJ.<' TEACHERS.
The consideration of our educational system will quickly reveal the fact that salaries of teachers are inadequate for

8
maintaining a standard of teaching demanded by our present state of civilization. The people of our State are giving more thought, and are applying the best business methods, more and more, to the matter of maintaining good schools. Tuition and local taxation are supplying some of the needed funds for this purpose. We may safely expect increasing funds from local taxation, but the people of the State expect the Legislature to increase the State appropriation for common schools, as the number of children are increasing. At present, there is a very acute need of a special appropriation to common schools which will enable boards of eoucation to pay teachers of the State more promptly. By prompt payment, teachers will be saved many thousands of dollars in the discounting of their claims; thus the prompt payment of salaries would be equivalent to an increase of salaries.
The people of our State ar~ not indifferent to this crying need, and every now and then we have some expression in material help that shows their heartfelt appreciation of the noble work being done by the body of educational workers. vVe have had two notable illustrations of this fact within the past year. In Camden county, Mr. J. S. N. Davis, Jr., Woodbine, gave the board of education a sum suf.icient to pay the teachers' claims; and in Pike county, Mr. C. T. Smith, Concord, loaned the amount without interest.
The following statistics on the subjects of teachers' insufficient salarIes, and the increased cost of living, are significant and self-explanatory.
TEACHERS) PAY AS COMPARED WITH OTHER WAGEs.
"The average monthly pay of women teachers in the United States is $39.77. The highest is in Arizona, $71.75, where all expenses are correspondingly high; the lowest is in South Carolina, $23.20, where illiteracy is common. Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina, Virginia and Oklahoma pay less than $30 a month. Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont are in the same discreditable class. Pennsylvania, a low-pay' State, has just lifted herself a little above the $30 grade.
"The commission appointed by President Roosevelt to settle the strike of the anthracite coal miners report these wages of laborers in Pennsylvania:

9

Stablemen Pumpmen Carpenters Blacksmiths . .. Lampmen Chute starters Laborers' . . . . .. Drivers Oilers

Average

days worked

per year.

365

.

339

.

274

.

272

.

28 I

.

229

. 23 I

225

242

Average
annual
earnings.
$689 52
685 72 603 9 557 43 554 30 496 88
397 I9 380 57 336 45

"In sixty-four cities of America the average wage of all the educational workers, including the superintendent, is less than $300 a year: 95 cents a work day, 8I cents a living day. Rochester, Syracuse, and New Haven, university cities, pay some of their teachers less than $300 a year. In St. Joseph, Baltimore, Detroit, Toledo, Louisville and New Orleans many teachers receive less than $350 a year. In the same cities, laborers on street and sewer work, ditch diggers, road graders, mortar carriers, and the most ordinary unskilled laborers are better paid. The average earnings of American educators, including superintendents, regardless of sex, is $27I a year: 74 cents per living day, 86 cents per working day. The following wages for laborers, not superintendents, are paid:

Bricklayers Stonecutters .. .. '" Carpenters Plumbers Hodcarriers Helpers. . . ..

, .$5 00 to $5 50 per day. 4 00 " 4 50 " 4 00 " 4 50 " 4 50 " 5 00 "
'" 2 00 " 2 25 " I 50 " 2 25 "

In only four cities in the Union do the minimum salaries exceed those paid to street cleaners in the same municipality. In New York Oity the average yearly earnings of the street cleaner is $63I, in Boston $63, in Philadelphia $503.
As would be expected, the comparison of teachers' wage with that of the higher grade laborers shows more strongly the disadvantages of education as a means of earning a livelihood.

I
I
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TEACHERS' PAY DECREASING.
The cost of foods for the average poor family has increas~d
35 per cent. Six years ago beans were 4 cents a quart; now they cost 6 cents-a. 50 per cent. increase. Eggs were sixteen for a quarter; now they are ten for a quarter-an increase of 60 per cent. Chickens were from 16 to 20 cents; they are now from 25 to 28 cents. Pork chops were 10 cents; they are now 16 cents. Butter and cheese products are higher. Flour is 35 per cent. higher, potatoes 15 per cent. dearet:'. .
Coal in 1898, when teachers' wages were raised in New York, was 40 per cent. cheaper than it now is. Oil was 40 per cent. less expensive. Hardware was about the same; clothing, ditto; shoes cost more than they do now. The greatest increase has been in rents, which in Western cities have gone up 20 to 30 per cent.; in New York 50 to 75 per cent. Fredenck Boyd Stevenson in the Brooklyn Ealgle estimates the net increase of necessary living expenses at 40 per cent. Salaries of teachers in New York have increased 17 per cent., leaving the teachers 23 per cent. poorer than they were before the improved schedules of the Ahearn law of 1899. The teacher now receiving $600 a year in New York city is not as well off as she was in 1898 on $490 a year. Her $600 amounts in purchasing power to $426 of money of the year 1898. Instead of an increase, such teachers have suffered a decrease of $64 a year. The same is true of all New York teachers.
The failure of the National Bureau of Education to reduce its table of teachers' monthly salaries to a yearly basis, or to any form permitting of comparison from year to year (the number of school months varying as it does), makes it impossible to estimate the percentage of increase of teachers' wages in America. In none of the cities studied has the schedule increase reached that of New York; in many cities the schedule increase is less than 6 per cent., so that unless there be some remarkable anomalies unnoticed by either Commissioner of Education or the National Educational Association Committee, the teachers of the country are from 18 to 30 per cent. behind the wages of 1876.-Edu,CQitionall Review, Ja1nuarry, 1907.
TEACHERS' WAGES.
Teachers, even more than Congressmen, deserve higher salaries. It is a material age. The man who fashions the walls

11

of a house is held to a higher test of skill, and is paid better for his work, than, he who molds the mind of a child. Bricklayers in San Francisco get $8 per day; Harriet Jones teaches school in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, for the same sum per week, and is given employment only nine months in the year. Masons in Calgary, Canada, get $5-40 a day, or $140 a month; Lawrence Amos teaches school in East Brandywine Township, Pennsylvania, for $40 a month. Many teachers are paid less than hoq-carriers. College professors are worse off, in. proportion, than teachers. The average salary paid to 'professors in Columbia is $3,746.85, to adjunct professors, men between thirty and forty, with a dozen years of service to their credit, $2,126.92. Such figures are little less than a public scandal. No male teacher in any community should be paid less than enough to support decently a wife and five children. In every community the teachers should have a position of dignity and emolument equal to that of the banker and the professional man. Schools ought not to be the last refuge for economic dregs not wanted by business. They should attract and keep in their service the best talent. Facts dealing with this condition, both concerning communities where the rate of pay remains scandalously low and where it has been raised, should have wide circulation.
'rEACHERS AND WAGE-EARNERS.

'rHE PAY OF 'rEACHERS.

In some cases these figures are the minimum rates in the localities named; in other cases they are the average rate. The yearly rate is, in every case, the entire sum that a teacher can earn in a year; there is no such thing as overtime for them, and they are employed only from seven to ten months a year. In this respect they can be compared with some outdoors artisans who can not work the year round. As to places outside of New York, some allowance must be made for differences in the cost of living.

MON'rH.

Bucks Co. Pa

$35 00

Hazleton, Pa. '"

35 00

Chester, Pa.

40 00

Georgetown, Del. ~........... 35 00

All Idaho (male av.)

7I 03

All Idaho (female av.)

55 90

YEAR.
$245 00 350 00 380 00 315 00
710 3 559 00

12

UNION RATES OF WAGES IN NEW YORK .

These figures are official. In every case the figures are the minimum, the least amount which the union will allow a member to accept. As a matter of fact, many workmen make more than the figures given, for "overtime" (any time over eight hours a day) is paid extra at the rate of one~half more than the regular rate; and work done on Sundays and holidays is paid for at double rates. The yearly rate is based on three hundred working days of eight hours each.

DAY.

Bricklayer

$5 60

Mason

4 40

Carpenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 80

Plasterer

5 30

Hod-carrier

3 00

YEAR.
$1,680 00 1,320 00 1,440 00 1,590 00 900 00

-Colliers Weekly, Jarnuall'y 12, 1907.

LOCAL TAXATION.
Local taxation is being recognized as the best business method of supplementing the State school fund. Counties and districts are continuing to vote local taxahcn for schools, and the people are delighted with results, and would not again be dependent upon the State fund alone for maintaining their schools. In several counties the grand juries have strongly endorsed their county system of local taxation. However, these funds have been paid largely in cities and towns, nearly all of which have voted local taxation. It has been most gratifying to note that in the rural districts, when the school term has been lengthened by local taxation, the attendance for the entire long term has been much better than it was for the short term. This seems an indication of an underlying principle that parents appreciate better advantages when they have had some part in bringing about this condition by contributing toward the support of the schools.
COLLEGES.
The courses of study in our colleges are conforming to progressive educational ideas, and they are now planned to meet the demands of modern life. Students are coming from these institutions of learning to take upon them the work we are now

13
engaged in, and more and more are the professors concerned with the fitness of these students for the work.
The capacity of all our colleges is taxed. It is gratifying to note that new buildings are being erected, and it is hoped that ample means will be provided for the enlargement of all our colleges, that their power and usefulness may be extended to the greatest number of our young people, that they may all find in the State the educational preparation they may need.
Our denominational, private, and State institutions are all advancing in every way, and the demand for the teachers trained in our normal schools is far in excess of the supply, owing to the limited quarters, and the fact that we have at present only two such colleges for the entire State.
BUSINE;SS ME;THODS APPLIE;D TO E;DUCATION.
School officials; business men, and legislators are studying educational problems as never before. The public mind is impressed that progressive, business methods should be applied to school systems in order to secure the best results. Thorough system and thorough supervision are as much needed in school work as in commercial and industrial enterprises. Many of our county school systems are so carefully planned and supervised that I do not hesitate to cite them as models. In many counties which are not so progressive there are individual communities which have realized the demands which the next generation will make upon their children, and have provided even in remote rural districts schools equal to any in the State. The great problem before the school officials, the General Assembly, and all our citizens, is the encouragement and stimulation of the people of every school district to appreciate education, and to establish schools which will bear the most careful and thorough inspection of educational experts, schools which are the best possible for that section.
The value of the training which children receive in school is increased many fold if the training is done in perfect accord with the laws of mind-growth.
The right food in the right season; the right amount skillfully offered; what a difference in the interest awakened, the stimulus imparted, the inspiration implanted, the thrirI of life created, the intellectual development secured!
All work approaches the highest degree of excellence, as it is compared with the highest ideals. Every gifted artist, every

14
skilled artisan, wishes to compare his work with the best work in his line; so every school should be put to this test frequently. The plan adopted by the superintendent and board of .education of Richmond county should corrunend itself to those who are striving to make their schools most efficient. While the schools of Augusta and Richmond county rank among the best in the State, the officials of that system were anxious to have the opinion of an educational expert who was not connected with the system, and for the past two years such expert has spent a week in these schools for the purpose of inspecting the school work, making a report to the superintendent, and giving a series of lectures to the teachers on educational methods.
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.
With the establishment of our eleven agricultural schools, and of the magnificent secondary school in Columbus, where every child, both white and colored, is given an opportunity to secure a training which fits him to become a bread winner; with the introduction into most of our city schqols, and many of our rural schools, of manual training and domestic science, our minds naturally dwell just now on the importance of this work.
I believe thoroughly in industrial training, and I wish to emphasize the thought that such training should educate for the surroundings, not out of them. Strive to make the farm boy love the farm, and choose to remain upon it; select such facts in nature study and agriculture as shall teach, besides the scientific knowledge, the beauty and use of the object itself.
There is, however, a danger in our enthusiasm which must be guarded against. While all school work should fit a child for his environment, and harmonize with the occupations of the community, there should be ever in our minds a higher ideal than this; the purpose of education is to teach men the difference between a gladsome, enlightened acceptance of life and a hostile, gloomy submission; between a large and harmonious conception of life, and one that is narrow and stubborn; to inspire the children of men to possess ideas of their own. Our first duty, therefore, is not the materialization of education, but the idealization of it in the sense that we prepare in our souls a place of some loftiness, where the idea may be lodged. Only as we have stored in our souls eagerness, purity,

15
unselfishness, knowledge, can there be advancement in our spiritual life. "Humanity, up to this day, has been like an invalid tossing and turning on his couch in search of repose; why not turn man's thought to the belief that he is on the eve of great certitude, great joy?"
Maeterlinck's vision of the destiny offered to man well expresses the contrast between the educated and the neglected. He says:
"One evening as I stood on the hillside I chanced to espy a little, bewildered stream. I beheld it far down in the valley, staggering, struggling, climbing, falling; blindly groping its way to the great lake that slumbered the other side of the forest in the peace of the dawn. Here it was a block of basalt that forced the streamlet to wind round and about four times; there, the roots of a hoary tree; further on still, the mere recollection of an obstacle now gone forever thrust it back to its source, bubbling in impotent fury, divided for all time from its goal and its gladness. But in another direction, at right angles almost to the distraught, unhappy, useless stream, a force superior to the force of instinct had traced a long, greenish canal, calm, peaceful, deliberate, that flowed steadily across the country, across the crumbling stones, across the obedient forest, on its clear and unerring, unhurrying way from its distant source on the horizon to the same tranquil, shining lake. And I had at my feet before me the image of the two great destinies offered to man."
SECONDARY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AT COLUMBUS> GA.
This school can not be commended too highly, and it should be held up as a model for other towns and cities. It is accomplishing what no other school is, and is the subject of interest throughout the Union. The World>s Work for February, 1907, saYi of it:
"The city of Columbus, Georgia, is the first municipality to meet the situation fairly. The superintendent of schools, Mr. Carleton B. Gibson, in 1904 told the school trustees (who are among the most prominent manufacturers of the city) that 'an industrial city of this section must have an army of tr~ined workers. If there is any excuse for the existence of schools, and the expenditure of large sums of money, it lies in the training of children to properly take their places in life. In an industrial community, very large numbers of these children must

16

become industrial workers.' The result was that Mr. Gibson

was sent to inspect the trade schools throughout this country,

residents and former residents of the town gave land and

money, the town voted an extra tax, and the school was built.

"In Columbus any white boy who has passed through the

grammar school may be turned into a skilled mechanic or a cot-

ton mill operative at the public expense. Any girl may learn

to make her living at dressmaking, office work, or in the mills;

and they are all taught how to keep house. When the plan is

completely worked out, any negro boy who is willing, may be

trained as a carpenter, a blacksmith, a cobbler, or a harness-

maker. And the city is willing to pay the cost of making every

unskilled negro girl into a good cook, seamstress or house-

keeper.

"This community has decided that aU its citizen!> shall be

economically profitable. It is making finished workers of the

school children, its most valuable raw material. It will have

the reputation among the cities of its neighborhood that Ger-

many holds among the nations. Columbus will be known as

a producer of well-made goods and a city of prosperous work-

men.

"The scarcity of skilled workmen in all the trades; the impos-

sibility of giving the masses trade-instruction in private schools,

the ominous fact that we have to look to immigration for much

of our skilled labor; the awakening of public opinion on the

subject; the example of Columbus, Georgia; and the begin-

nings made in the New York and the Philadelphia school sys-

tems-all these things make it certain that there will soon be

provision made in our. public schools in general for teaching

the trades. This is the next step in making the system fill the

needs of our time."-"Training for the Trades," by Arthur W.

Page.

DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS.



This State has taken a great stride forwaid in the establishment of the eleven district agricultural schools. Essentially an agricultural State, Georgia is providing for her sons and daughters the training necessary for them to inherit and to appreciate their birthright. Too long has the mess of pottage sufficed our children; they were hungry, and anything seemed good; but now, they are to be given the opportunity to view the promised land, and to enter into its delightful fields. Not

,'
17
many years hence the wilderness shall blossom like' the rose, and the uninhabited places shall teem with life and prosperity. Our children shall learn to do the greatest amount of labor with the least possible effort; they shall learn to make effort pay; they shall learn the perfect freedom and independence of farm life, together with the financial success that is possible for the diligent, scientific, interested farmer, and they will arise to call blessed those who made this ideal condition r<>ssible through the establishment C!f these schools.
GRAND JURIES.
A powerful factor in the educational work of each county is the grand jury. The grand jury elects the county board of education, examines the books and accounts of the county school comrpissioner, and their recommendations carry great weight in tl:te conduct of educational affairs in the respective counties. I have tried to secure the comments and recommendations of the grand jury of each county to print in this report. The reports I have received are printed elsewhere; together with a brief review of school work by the county school commissioner.
It is gratifying to note that the judges of our superior courts are giving wholesome educational exhortations in their charges, and they seem anxious to bring before the minds of the jurors the value and importance of this subject.
STA'l'IS'l'ICS.
A considerable number of local systems in incorporated towns receive their share of the State funds through the county school commissioner. Only a small per cent. of these make monthly and annual reports to the county school commissioner. As a consequence, their enrollment, average attendance and amount raised by local taxation are not included in the statistics of this report. Also, many thousands of dollars which were paid by patrons to sustain long term schools in rural districts were not reported at all. As only fifty-nine commissioners answered this question, and as many of the counties where the largest private sUbscriptions are made each year failed to report this important item, it is left out entirely in the estimate
2 se

18
of total receipts. On this account the total receipts awear to be less than for last year.
The proper keeping of teachers' records should be taught in our normal schools and in such high schools as train prospective teachers for their work. It is a fact not in keeping with the general intelligence of our high school teachers that many of them can not properly keep a record of their work and make a report of it at the end of the year.
From all parts of the State come gratifying reports of improvement in school buildings, apparatus, grounds, etc. In the rural districts two hundred and twenty-two new buildings were erected during the year. By private sub-scriptions the patrons contributed more than ninety thousand dollars of the cost which was $186,565. Twenty-one buildings in towns and local systems were erected at a cost of $246,000. This latter amount includes some expenditures made in enlarging and improving old buildings. In round numbers the value added to the school property, during the year, was $693,000.
There was an increased enrollment of 27,748, and the remarkable increase in daily attendance of 37,786. The average length of term was increased thirteen days, or nearly three weeks. This increase added to the increase in daily attendance, gives twenty-five per cent. more days of schooling than was given the children the previous year. .An increase of eleven per cent. in the salaries paid teachers, in large measure, accounts for much that bespeaks progress.
There was an increase of more than forty per cent. in the number of libraries and an increase in the number of volumes, of 24,013, or twenty-two per cent. Much interest and enthusiasm has developed in this line of work. In many communities the school library is bringing the patrons in personal touch with the influences of the school.
The compulsory district law which went into effect last fall, has reduced the number of schools in some counties, and in many instances the change has bee:1 productive of much good. Two teachers in one school can do much more than the same teachers and pupils could do in two schools. The number of country schools with two teachers has nearly doubled in the past few years.

19
ESTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT OF SCHOOL FUNDS.
I suggest that certain changes be made in the law bearing on the apportionment of school funds.
In the Acts of 1894, page 62, will be found the following: "That the school fund for each calendar year shall be a fixed and specified sum, and in order to carry out this provision the State School Commissioner, the Comptroller-General, and the Treasurer shall, on the first Tuesday of December of each year, beginning with 1894, or as soon thereafter as practicable, make an estimate of what the school fund for the ensuing year shall be from the specific taxes, direct appropriations, and from any other sources of supply which now belong to the school fund, or may hereafter belong to the school fund, and said fund, when so estimated, shall be available and payable at the time specified in this Act; provided) that in the event that the said specific taxes shall fall short of said estimate, then the balance necessary to meet the provisions of said estimate is hereby authorized to be paid from any fund in the treasury not otherwise appropriated. "That when the State School Commissioner, the Comptroller-General, and the Treasurer shall meet on the first'Tuesday in December, or as soon thereafter as practicable, as provided in this Act, to make the estimate of the school fund provided for in section '1 of this Act, they shall base said estimate upon the amount of school fund coming into the treasury for the year preceding the year for which said estimate is made." In the Acts of 1898, page 67, will be found the following: "That from and after the first day of January, 1899. or as soon thereafter as practicable, the Treasurer of the State shall place to the credit of each county in the State, on his books, its proportionate part of the common school fund in the treasury on the first day of each month." The present plan of making the estimates is not entirely satisfactory. My attention was directed to this matter last December at the time of making the apportionment for 1907. The apportionment was delayed a month, and then the estimate could not be made to include definitely the fullest amount of school fund for 1907, because at this time the returns had not been received of "school funds coming into the treasury from the preceding year." I have investigated the matter as fully as my limited officr; force, and the pressure of business upon me, have allowed, and

20
lately I have found it necessary to employ the services of an expert accountant to continue this work. He has not completed his investigations at this time, but I am sure from my own investigations, and the data the accountant gives me, that there have been some losses each year to the common school fund by the present plan ,of estimating the annual apportionment.
A full and further investigation will confirm this opinion. and will assist the Legislature in amending our present law so that all funds apportioned to the schools will either be included in the estimate at the usual time, or added to the apportionment of the next year.
There are many reasons why the school year should begin September 1st, instead of January 1St. In making this po;oposed change, which has for several years been recommended by school officials and legislative committees, the General Assembly should enact such lawsas will make the common school fund an actual appropriation rather than an estimate.
THE PRESS OF' THE STATE.
The uniform courtesy, interest and generosity of the press of the State in freely printing all educational matter, and in throwing open the columns of the papers for everything of interest in our work, can not be too highly appreciated by educators. The press is one of the most potent factors for good, and the advancement of thought, and to it is due in large measure the progress and prosperity we now enjoy, not alone in business and commercial life, but in educational life also.
PUBLIC-MINDED CITIZENS.
As an indication of the faith 'which oUr business men have in education, and the faith which they have in the boys and girls of this State, I give the following striking instances of several liberal donations to schools given within the past year.
Mr. J. L. Nash, of Gloucester, gave the Friendship Acad-
emy one thousand dollars for the erection of a new building.
Mr. J. B. Norman, and others, of Norman Park, have
pledged themselves to raise fifty thousand dollars for an endowment fund for Norman Park Institute.
Mr. S. M. Inman, of Atlanta, has offered Agnes Scott College fifty thousand dollars on the condition that other friends of the school duplicate the gift.

21
Judge Horace Holden, of Crawfordville, has contributed a notable idea and ideal for the future in the plan he suggests, which is here given in full, for a college founded to the memory of Alexander Stephens. We honor our dead heroes with poem and with song; we erect to their memories elegant statues of bronze and of marble; what more fitting than that to the man who spent his life searching for the struggling youth whom he might help acquire an education, the more lasting memorial of a college founded to his memory and bearing his name be erected?
Judge Holden's letter on the subject is as follows:
Crawfordville, Ga., May 8, 1907.
Han. W. B. M errt:tt, State School Commissioner, Atlain.fa, Ga.
DEAR SIR: As you know the Stephens Monumental Association was organized and chartered some years ago, having for its existence three objects:
The first object was the purchase of Liberty Hall and its grounds.
The second object was the erection of a monument to Mr. Stephens, on Liberty Hall grounds.
The third object was the establishment of a school in honor of Mr. Stephens.
The first two objects have been acomplished. We have purchased Liberty Hall and its grounds, and have built a beautiful monument to, Mr. Stephens on the grounds in front of Liberty Hall. It required a long time and much effort to do this. It required a long time and much effort to raise the money with which to purchase Liberty Hall and erect a monument. However, both of these objects have been fully accomplished, and the As~ociation owes no debts whatever. We have a school in Crawfordville, named after Mr. Stephens, called the Stephens High School, but this is mostly, and you might say entirely, a local affair.
Having completed the first two objects of this Association, the purchase of Liberty Hall and its grounds, and the purchase of the monument to Mr. Stephens, we are now anxious to ac<;omplish the third object, to wit: the establishment of a college in honor of Mr. Stephens. The kind of a school which I would like to see established would take, in my opinion, about $150,000 or $200,000. My idea would be to have this

22
money invested, and only the income of it used annually in the operation of the school, and keep the principal intact. Out of this income each student should be furnished board, lodging, laundry, books, tuition absolutely free, without requiring any immediate payment for the same. Each student, however, should be required at the end of each year to give to the Association his note for an amount sufficient to cover all of his expenses incurred by the Association for the year in which he attended the school, together with the same amount of loan. This note should bear interest at 6 per cent. or 7 per cent. per annum, and be payable on the day that he arrives at twenty-one years of age, on which day an effort will be made to obtain from him another note for the amount then due, payable five years from'date, bearing the same rate .of interest. In my opinion most of this money would be paid back, and whatever amount is paid back could be used in paying the expenses of other students; and in this way, ill' the course of time, a considerable sum of money would be received by the Association arising from the amounts paid back by students. The number of students could be increased each year, according to the amount of money on hand, received from students paying back, which would be added to the annual income from the endowment fund.
According to this plan you will see that the principal from the endowment fund is never to be touched, but only the inincome fund is to be used in the operation of the school. And,. as previously stated this income would not be the only money which would be had for the purpose of operating the school, but in addition to this annual income, the trustees of the school would have whatever amount was paid back by students. This amount would, in my opinion, in a few years, amount to a very considerable sum; in the course of time it ought to amount to a very large sum, 'even if only half of the students paid back the amounts which they would owe.
My idea would be not to open the school to anybody and everybody who wanted to become students, but the selection of the students would be left to the President of the College, or the entire faculty, or to the trustees.
In my travels over my own. circuit, embracing ten counties, and while holding court for other judges, I frequently hear of certain young boys, in towns or in rural districts, who are ltnUSUGllly bright, and the opinion is expressed that they ought

23
to have a better education than their parents are able to give them. Many of them are unable on account of the poverty of their parents to attend school beyond the age of twelve or thirteen years. It is such boys as these that I would like to see taken into the school and educated to such an extent at least that whatever talents they might have could be developed, that they and the world might have the benefit of them. There are many men now in Georgia who have done great service to the State, and who have become great men, because of the help given them by Mr. Stephens, in practically the same way that I now propose to establish this school in his honor. Mr. Stephens loaned these young men money with which to become educated. Many of them paid him back. Many of them succeeded in life by reason of his having educated them, and paid him back. They would perhaps have never made any success in life but by his help, as they would have never received an education if he had not furnished the money with which to obtain it.
On account of the fact that Mr. Stephens spent much of the money he made in educating young men who were unable to educate themselves, and whose parents were unable to educate them, it seems to me that the greatest monument that could be erected in honor of his memory would be a" school estab~ lished on the plan which he used in educating poor boys.
I do not think the school should be established as a complete college now, but should be designed to give to a boyan education that would carry him, say, to the junior class of some university. This would not give him a thorough and complete education,but would give him such an education as to develop whatever talent he might have.
I write you because of the interest you feel in education, and because of your knowledge of the situation in Crawfordville, and because you may be in touch with some people who would be willing to aid the beginning of a movement for an endowment fund. If yjOU could induce some one to subscribe $50,000, upon the condition that $150,000 or $200,000 were raised from other sources, I believe that with your help I could raise the balance, by making the plans and purposes of the school known to some men of means.
The grounds around Liberty Hall, consisting of about twelve acres, furnish an ideal place for the school; they are situated right in town, and yet removed from the business and maill

24

residence portion of the town. As you know, we keep Mr. Stephens' room as it was when he lived in it, and as it was when he died. The monument is on the grounds in front of Liberty Hall. It is quite a hista.ric place. The great men of Georgia met here during Mr. Stephens's life.
I would greatly appreciate it if you would give this matter some thought, and aid me in establishing the school with the plans and purposes above outlined.
Yours truly, HORACE M. HOLDEN.

NEEDED LEGISLATION.

The resolutions of the Georgia Educational Association and

of the Georgia Business Men's Conference, both of which are

published elsewhere in tHis report, embody the greatest needs

of legislation.

.

In addition to the resolutions I have referred to, I hope

the Legislature will enact into law several other important

features not embraced in these resolutions, but included in the

general education bill which was before the General Assembly

last year, and which failed to become law because the confer-

ence committee had not reached an agrement on one par-

agraph when the hour for adjournment arrived.

The following are the p'lrticular points of that bill which

are not included. in the resolutions, and which are worthy of

the consideration of our lawmakers:

That the State School Commissioner shall report to the

grand jury the funds 'sent to the county school commissioner

during the previous year.

.

That certain qualifications shall be required of board mem-

bers.

That teachers shall report the number of pupils in each

grade dor division of the common school course, the number and

ages of children from six to eighteen years of age who reside

within their respective districts and attend no school and the

cause of non-attendance.

That the duties of trustees shall be clearly defined.

That -there shall be specific provisions for erecting school-

houses and for buying school libraries, also for the consolida-

tion of schools and transportation of pupils.

That county boards shall have authority to punish for cer-

tain offences, and that certain misdemeanors shall be defined.

25

That county boards shall have the authority to exercise the

right of eminent domain in locating schoolhouses.

That county school commissioners be required to make more

frequent visits to schools under their charge, and that certain

duties shall be prescribed as belonging to these official visits.

That supplementary reading books may be selected by the

teachers.

That the maximum per diem of county school superintend-

ents may be $4 (four dollars) per day-at present it is $3

(three dollars).

That the county board may have the authority to pay the

expenses of the county school commissioner, or one member

of the county board of education, to the annual convention of

the county school commissioners.

That the county board shall have the authority to issue sub-

prenas to witnesses, and to fine for failure to obey.

That the salaries of teachers need not be itemized on monthly

statements, except on the final statement, at present itemized

each month.

That the school year shall begin September Ist instead of

January ISt.

That the estimate of the school fund shall be made August

ISt of each year, l1t present first Tuesday in December.

That institutes may be from one to four weeks in length.

That institutes may be held one day in each month during

five months, and this shall take the place of five consecutive

days of institute work.

.

That teachers who attend an approved summer school shall

not be fined for non-attendance upon the,week of county insti-

tute, with proviso:

That the State School Commissioner may prepa,re more than

one set of questions for applicants for teachers' licenses; at

present only one set of questions is given for all grades of

license.

That applicants for State license shall be examined, in addi-

tion to the questions required of applicants for other grades,

upon English literature, rhetoric, algebra, physics, history of

education and general history.

That permanent licenses issued in other States, when ap-

proved by the State Board of Education, be good in Georgia.

That diplomas from the normal department of the State

Normal School, and from the Georgia Normal and Industrial

26
College, shall entitle the holders to teach in the common schools of this State; at present no diplomas are recognized.
That the basis of apportionment of funds to new local systems shall be upon the latest school census; if that is not obtainable, upon such estimates as the State Board of Education may determine.
The following pamphlets have been issued by the State Department of Education, and by the Educational Campaign Committee:
Plans and Specifications for School Buildings. Practical Suggestions to Teachers in Institute Work. Helps to Teachers in Institute Work. Revised Manual of Methods. Paramount Question. Discussion of our School Problems, by Educational Statesmen. Report of School Work and School Conditions.. The pamphlet, The Report of School Work and School Conditions. is the result of a conference of the State Educational Campaign Committee, consisting of Bishop Wan"en A. Can-
dler, Hon. Hoke Smith, Hon. William J. N orthen, Dr. D. C.' Barrow. Han. M. L. Duggan, Prof. T. J. Woofter, and myself,
where plans for the progress of schools were fully discussed, and the committee, acting upon my suggestion, advised that professional visitors be sent with pencil and kodak to the different grades of schools and their reports be embodied in a pamphlet to be sent' broadcast over the State.
The citizens of our country pride themselves on being men of affairs. Practical business methods and good returns on investments are very dear to the American heart, and this principle is invariably, religiously observed, except in school affairs. In school matters many communities have not exercised that interest which good judgment would' require. Many parents ease their consciences of the solemn duty and obligation they owe their children by merely sending them to school. They manifest no deep vital concern as to whether the schools are always doing their best work for the children; as to whether the school is taught in a properly constructed, heated and ventilated building; as to whether the term is long enough to accomplish good results; as to the qualification of the teacher. This is the mildest form of indifference; the more radical kind is shown by those parents who must be induced

27
to send their children to school, after the State has provided aU school facilities. It is gratifying to know that there are many communities where the reverse of this picture is true; where the patrons take a deep interest, and the conditions are very nearly what they should be.
In order to secure the best r'esults, whether it be a business enterprise or an educational undertaking, those who are concerned, vitally interested, must know what the actual conditions are and how the affairs of the undertaking are managed,. or conducted. If parents had their children read aloud at home; if they questioned them as to their school life, and if they visited, occasionally the school room,' much good could be accomplished. If county boards appreciated the value of expert supervision they would send the County School Commissioners oftener to schools. Legislators can render no more intelligent service to the State than by visiting the schools, observing the actual conditions, and then setting about with this new knowledge, and first hand information, to right the wrongs, and establish a good school in every community.
I have recommended time after time that the county school commissioners select specimens of all work done in their various schools and keep an exhibit in their offices. ,Many of the commissioners have done this, and they now have creditable displays for the inspection of the Grand Jury, and of any citizen of the county. This has a most stimulating effect on every child in the county. One feature of good work being done is that of the county school exhibits. These annual exhibits have been most beneficial, and are to be encouraged more and more.
In visiting the various counties, it is my policy to visit the different grades of schools of that county; the comparison is sometimes startling, and I wish for parents, and friends of education all over the State, who feel an interest, deep but distant, to see with my eyes and hear with my ears, knowing that their interest would be increased a hundredfold.
Some of the finest work I have ever seen has been done in the rural schools, but it is distressing to know how far the children are failing in some schools' to accomplish what they should accomplish in the common school course; what the State should expect them to accomplish.
The examination of seventh grade pupils, and the issuing of certificates to those who can pass a creditable examination,

28
has done much toward unfying our work, and stimulating ambitious effort. Many county school commissioners have reported good results from this work, and one of them tells of the progress his schools have made by showing that in the first of these examinations there wer.e only three children who could take the test; the next year there were thirteen, and last year there were forty.
The pamphlet has a mission; it is a mirror held up in which the images of other counties are now reflected, but which will in turn reflect our own pictures, to help us to see ourselves as others see us.
PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS.
The purpose of the pamphlet, Practical Suggestions, is given fully in my letter to teachers, which I quote parts of:
This pamphlet has been prepared with the hope that teachers may find in it some useful suggestions for their class-room work, and that the Institute Instructor, the county school commissioner, and the program committee may find it helpful in planning and preparing programs for institutes.
As far as possible, the work of the schools and of the Institutes should blend and strengthen each other. Specimens of school work, and reports on general school work and special methods should be brought to the Institute by each teacheL Every teacher should strive to carry from the Institute to the schoolroom some helpful suggestion and fresh inspiration. Strive to bring to fruition the discussion of the Institute; beautiful thoughts on Arbor Day are of little value unless trees are planted; an essay on the pleasure and advantages of reading may entertain an Institute, but the real good that comes to the pupils will be found in the school library.
Nothing so enlivens an institute, or a county contest, as singing familiar songs. A feeling of friendship and interest springs unbidden to the heart when the lip voices true .and patriotic sentiment. Often when our children come together in the ora.torical contests, or other gatherings, they are unable to sing, for the reason that they do not know the same songs, or perhaps, do not know any at all. This should constitute one part of Institute work; teachers should decide upon certain songs to teach the children in the county, and then practice these songs, and the proper way to teach them, at their institute

29
meeting. If possible, emulate the popular commlSSlOner of Newton county, and have a county song composed and put to the air of some familiar song. I should like to recommend a simple songbook, which I feel sure will prove of value to teachers who wish to teach music in their schools: "A Short Course in Music," Ripley and Tappan, American Book Co. Price, 25 cents.
Teachers should endeavor to interest the patrons of their schools; the members of the board of education, and all the community in their schools, and also in their institutes. Invite these people to be present at your meetings, and do your part toward making them interesting. Perhaps the best good which comes from county contests is the general interest which is taken. At these contests all parents and school officials are thrown together, and with the teachers and pupils. The result is a better understanding on all sides, and many good resolves have been formed and carried into operation, afterward, through such simple means.
See that the children are reading intelligently the books in the school library, and that they are devising means to buy other books. I'Talk to them and to their parents of the list of books issued as suggestions for Home Reading, and encourage them to buy these books, if only one at a time, to start a library of their own. Teach the value of books per se, and their bear iEg on the after-life.
Do not neglect the seventh grade examinations which are sent out each spring. Make the child feel that a certificate is worth having, and that it means something to him. Do not scare him with the thought of an examination, but encourage him to want to tell what he knows, and to desire to' win a certificate of proficiency.
In everything that you do, attempt a high order of work. Do the best that is in you, and unconsciously your pupils wiII strive for as lofty an ideal, and you will find a surprising development of mind and spirit, often where it is least expected. No striving is ever lost; always look ahead and around, not down.
I am anxious to have a complete report of the work done in monthly and in annual institutes of each colmty for the year 1907. I wish the Secretary to keep the minutes of the meetings, giving a brief synopsis of the essays and discussions, as well as the regular subjects studied. I wish to offer to the

30

Teachers' Library in the county which makes the best record of institute work of five days' session, a set of books, ten volumes.
I would urge teachers to use the columns of their home -papers to discuss topics of importance, and to arouse the general interest of the community. Have the compositicms of the chil<1ren published; give a report of the attendance in your school; report your Thanksgiving Day program; your Arbor Day work, and what your school is doing in the matter o-f school improvement. Also, get out a county annual, giving all school news possible, the photographs of schoolhouses, officials, groups of children, essays of teachers and pupils, etc.
Do not neglect the simple means before you-the county paper, the exhibit in the county school commissioner's office, the issuing of the school annual~to keep alive the divine fire burning with its steady glow in each of your schools.

HELPS FOR TEACHERS.

Helps for Teachers in Institute \Vork was issued for the

monthly teachers' meetings in November and December. This pamphlet includes programs for Thanksgiving and Arbor Day

exercises. It also includes some of the questions used in the

June examination, and full and concise answers to the ql:,es

tions on grammar, and physiology. These answers were se-

cured from distinguished educators by the Southern Educa-

tionall Journa:l for publication, and through the courtesy of this

journal they are used. These answers are good models, and teachers will derive great qenefit from them, as well as form

a more correct idea of what is really meant by answering

questions fully.

-

A list of books suitable for the home reading of the school children is in this pamphlet. If teachers will suggest these

books to the pupils and their parents, many patrons will gladly

buy them for their children. Two ends will thus be subserved ;

the patrons will be brought into closer relation with the school,

and the children will read good literature that has a direct

bearing upon their school work. It will be a good plan for

teachers to read these books also, and discuss them with the

pupils. Teachers should take up this work with the intention of placing books in as many homes as possible, and ~o

make a report of the number placed.

31
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR SCHOOLHOUSES.
There is a growing interest throughout the State in the matter of school buildings. This is manifested, not only through the large numbers of schoolhouses being built, but also in the many inquiries received at the State Department of Education for plans in building new houses. The supreme need in many communities is that of a comfortable and attractive house in which the children may be taught, and people are commenceing to realize this need.
Feeling this deinand and the need and advantage of neat, attractive schoolhouses, the State School' Commissioner Hlid these needs before the Educational Campaign Committee of Georgia, and by their direction the pamphlet was prepared and presented to the school workers of Georgia.
Comfortable schoolhouses will conduce greatly to good work on the part of teachers and pupils. It is a notable fact that in the oratorical contests most of the prizes are borne off by students who have attended school in attractive houses. The records also show that the per cent. of attendance is higher in communitie$" where the schoolhouses are well built and well kept.
Trustees and other school officials should be interested not only in erecting attractive buildings, but in the character of work done; the work should conform to and be in keeping with the good building.
THE PARAMOUNT QUESTION.
Local taxation, wherever tried in this State, is solving most of the school problems. The pamphlet "The Paramount Question," answers many of the objections frequently brought against local taxation, and ha~ proved a good handbook for local tax workers.
DISCUSSIONS OF OUR SCHOOL PROBLEMS.
Another pamphlet on the subject of local taxation is "Discussions of our School Problems by Educational Statesmen." In this pamphlet the views of our distinguished leaders in prot11,ulgating the doctrine of local taxation, Dr. \Valter B. Hill and Dr. Charles D. Melver, are fully set forth in an attractive and forcible form.

32
There are as possibilities before us one of these three conditions:
Balance, Elaboration, Degeneration. A noted scientist has brought out the fact of "The Principle. of Reversion to Type", in one of his best known books. This principle can be illustrated in the realm of animals, of vegetables, and of man. If a bird fancier collects a flock of tame pigeons, of all kinds and of every shade of color and marking, and turn them loose on an uninhabit~d island to found a colony, he would find, upon his return after many years, that the birds, or their descendants, have all become changed into the same co~or. If a garden planted in strawberries and roses is left alone, in process of time it will run to waste, not that the plants will really waste away, but they will change into something worse, namely into the small wild strawberry of the woods and into the. primitive dog-rose. This same principle holds good with man. If he is neglected he will change into a worse man and a lower man. The possibility of balance is precarious, and probably is either an imperceptible deterioration or a graclual growth. Degeneration is easy, and always accomplished if the natural is left to itself. Elaboration is difficult, and attainable only by cultivation, care and effort. Never before in the history of our State has the importance of education been so universally agitated. Our people are beginning to realize that while many of our progressive cities, towns and rural districts have fine systems of schools and are doing much for the children educationally, this condition is not universal. Our industrial and commercial awakening has commenced to make us alive to the fact that we must also have an intellectual renaissance. Our kindergartens for the care of the lit~le ones, our refonnatories for the wayward boys, our industrial schools for the boy and the girl who must early become bread-winners, our agricultural schools for the fitting of our boys and girls for fann life and comfort, our normal schools for the training of teachers, our technological schools for the training of skilled engineers, our universities with their classic lore for our future professional men, these, and countless other influences in our State, are making for the better citizen, the more loyal Georgian, the cultivated man who is able to produce, to enjoy, to attain.

33 CIRCULAR LETTERS FROM THE DEPARTMENt-

ATLANTA) GA.) June 4, 1996.

To the County School Commissioner:

DEAR SIR: Will you please answer the questions given be-

low?

,

Of the amount paid teachers during 1905, what part was

paid to white teachers? colored teachers?

2. What per cent of the white school population was en-

rolled during the year?

3. What per cent. of the negro school population was en-

rolled?

4. Above the fifth grade, how many white pupils enrolled?-

5. Above the fifth grade, how many negro pupils enrolled?

6. How much was spent during the year on white school

houses?

_

7. How much was spent on negro schoolhouses during the

year?

Please answer and return to State School Commissioner_

Yours very truly,

W. B MERRITT)

State School Commissioner.

ATLANTA) GA., July 3, 1906.
To the County School Commissioner:
DEAR SIR: Members of the Committee on Education, of the House of Representatives, called on me for information rega,rding the administration of school affairs in the several counties. I am unable to furnish all the statistics demanded, as the d'ata requested of you some weeks ago to be reported 0n the form of blank inclosed, was not received at this department.
The House Resolution printed below, shows you that I must have this information to be compiled for the committee at once_ These statistics are for the private use of members of the General Assembly and not for publication. Yours truly,
W. B. MERRITT) S. S. C.
3 se

34
STATE OF GEORGIA. HOUSE of REPRESr~NTATIVES)
ATLANTA) GA.) July 2, I906.
HOUSE RESOLUTION.
'''Resolved) That the State School Commissioner is requested to furnish to the Educational Committee of the House certain information compiled from special reports touching some phases of the administration of school affairs in this State, and that the county school commissioners and school superintendents who have not done so,. be requested to supply at once to the State School Commissioner, for use of the General Assembly, this information in regard to school statistics; the same having been requested of the county school commissioners two months ago, and only fifty-nine have as yet re:ported.. "
ATLANTA) GA.) September 27, I906.
To the County School Commissioner:
\DEAR SIR: The Attorney-General has recently given to the Comptroller-General an opinion construing a paragraph
of Section 5 of the Local Tax Act. I inclose a copy of this
, cpinion. Only the local tax districts are affected by this opinion. All taxes can be collected in counties which have voted .local taxation for the entire county.
,I urge you and the friends of education to press with all possible zeal the advancement of educational work in your county. Local taxation is a most vital question, and will solve many of our educational problems. vil/hi1e local taxation by (counties is far preferable, as stated in my report for I904, pages I9 and 20, the districts should be encouraged to vote local taxation, if you can not include your entire county in this movement. The districts may vote on the question at any time.
It would be well for you to hold educational rallies at an early date in every district in your county. One purpose of these rallies is to arouse interest in local taxation. If you will 1iotify me in advance, I can arrange to pay the expenses of -:speakers whom you invite to these rallies.
Mrs. vValter B. Hill is doing valuable service in organizing

35
school improvement clubs. If you will arrange to place her on the program at some of your important educational rallies, she will probably be able to be with you, and her earnest appeals for school improvement will prove valuable assistance toward making the schoolhouses and grounds more comfortable and attractive.
The price of the Wheeler Graded Primer has been reduced from thirty cents to twenty-five cents, and the publishers have notified our Text Book Commission that all further shipments of this primer to our State will be stamped "Retail price 25 cents. "
I regret that there has been some ~lay in the printing of supplies for your office. I will be ready to fill your orders within a few days.
The Jamestown Exposition Commission for Georgia have asked the schools of Georgia to prepare an educational exhibit for the Jamestown Exposition. Please let me know if any of the schools or educational institutions in your county will prepare an educational exhibit within the next six months?
There are many reasons why our State should have a creditable educational exhibit at the Jamestown Exposition. The work of preparing for the exhibit will create interest, enthusiasm and higher educational ideals.
If you have school exhibits to send to the Macon Fair, beginning October 2d, write to Mrs. M. A. Weir, Macon, Ga. If you are preparing an exhibit for the State Fair which will open in At1an!a, October 10th, or if any of your pupils expect to enter the contest in oratory you can get full information from Dr. W: B. Burroughs, Brunswick, Ga. If any of your colored schools are preparing to make an exhibit at the Georgia State Colored Agricultural and Industrial Exposition, which will be held in Macon beginning November 12th, you can secure all necessary information from Prof. R. R. \;Yright Savannah, Ga.
If you desire to hold an examination in December for applicants for license to teach, please let me have your request for such examination promptly. I will not appoint dates for the examinaHon and send out questions unless there is a demand for the examination in a number of counties.
Yours very truly, \V. B MERRITT,
State School Commissioner-.

36

ATLANTA) GA.) October 22, 1906.

To the County School Commissioner:

DEAR SIR: Since nearly all of the county school com~

missioners have asked for an examination for teachers in De-

cember, I shall fix the date of this examination on December

21st and 22d.

In making out your itemized statements please use the form

that has been recently sent out.

I have in press suggestive outlines for monthly teachers'

meetings in November and December. This pamphlet includes

programs for Thanksgi;ing and Arbor Day exercises. Please

supply your teachers with these pamphlets as soon as they are

received.

You will notice that I ani including some of the questions

used in the June examination, and full and concise answers to

the questions on Grammar, Geography and Physiology. These

answers were secured from distinguished educators by the

Southern Educational Journal for publication, and through the

courtesy of this journal I am allowed to use them. These

answers are good models, and I feel sure that many teachers

wiU derive great benefit from them, as well as form a more

correct idea of what is really meant by answering questions

fully.

I hope that you will stress in your institutes school improve-

ment work, local taxation and school libraries.

County boards should not permit a school to be taught dur-

ing the winter in a house that is not comfortable and well

lighted; especially should the floors be air tight.

Local taxation, wherever tried in this State, is solving most

of the school problems. Our recent pamphlet, "The Para-

mount Question," answers many of the objections frequently

brought against local taxation.

While teachers in some counties are discussing the value of

school libraries, in other counties the teachers have begun their

schools by requesting their county school commissioners to

order for each a school library. So far as I know, the patrons

have paid for these libraries, except in one instance, and that

was where the teacher did not ask them to do so.

.

You will observe that I have included in the Institute pro-

gram a list of books suitable for the home reading of the school

children. If teachers will suggest these books to the pupils

and their parents, many patrons w:U glarih buy them for their

.'

37
children. Two ends will thus be subserved: the patrons will be brought into closer relation with the school, and the children . will read good literature that has a direct bearing upon their school work. It will be a good plan for teachers to read these books also, and discuss them with the pupils. Urge your teachers to take up this work with the intention of placing books in as many homes as possible, and to make a report to you of the number placed.
Many of the rural schools will begin in November; it is very desirable that the county school superintendent confer with his teachers monthly. A meeting at the beginning of the term is especially desirable, for at such meetings opportunity is given to organize school work; to assign special studies and composition work to each grade in the schools; to prepare for county contests in declamation and other branches of study; to plan for exhibits of school work and products of garden and field.
It will be a good plan for your teachers to issue next spring a county school annual. The annual should contain interesting items for each school, select compositions by pupils, and some of the essays read by teachers at the institutes. If you desire to prepare such a pamphlet, I shall be pleased to make further suggestions as to the matter it should contain.
The Department of Education will issue some time soon Helps or Stlggestions for Monthly Teachers' Institutes, to cover the entire time of such meetings in 1907. As the pamphlet for November and December, the contemplated pamphlet is not intended to be complete, as it is considered wise to leave much that the county school superintendent and teachers know best to supply as regards their own special work.
At the call of the State School Commissioner. the Educational Campaign Committee met at his office on October 12,
1906. There were present, W. J. Northen, D. C. Barrow, M.
L. Duggan, Hoke Smith and W. B. Merritt. Chancellor Barrow has been recently appointed by Governor Terrell to take the place on the committee of the late Dr. W. B. Hill. Mrs. W. B. Hill was also present to give a report of school improvement work.
Among the many interesting motions made were the following:
On motion of Chancellor Barrow, the Commissioner was

38
authorized to purchase and present to each teachers' library a copy of Kern's "Among Country Schools."
On motion of Chancellor Barrow, the publication of a pamphlet containing detailed plans for one, two three and four-room schoolhouses was authorized.
Upon the suggestion of the State School Commissioner, the wmmittee strongly endorsed the plan of holding monthly institutes in each county, and requested the State School Commissioner to urge all county school superintendents to adopt this plan, not alone for the educational profit to themselves as educators, but also that the committee may have better opportunities for disseminating their literature, believing that much good must come through the concerted efforts of school com!liissioners, teachers and those interested in school improverrJent, local taxation and school libraries.
Any institute or school rally that desires a speaker on local t:1Xation, or school improvement, may secure one by applying to the Educational Campaign Committee through me.
Yours very truly, W. B MERRITT,
State School Commissioner.
ATLANTA, GA., December !O, 1906.
To the County School Commissioner:
DEAR SIR: I take pleasure in calling your attention to the meeting of the Southern Educational Association, in Montgomery, Ala., December 27th and 28th.
Also, I would call your attention to the excellent \iVinter Course in Agriculture at the State University, January 2d to March 31st, 1907. By writing to Dr. D. C. Barrow full information can be secured.
I am gratified that so many papers have used so effectively the stereotype matter sent you for them, by direction of the Educational Campaign Committee. I hope that you will be able to use this matter several times in the various papers in your county.
If you have not held monthly meetings for teachers during November and December, "Helps for Teachers in their Institute vVork," a pamphlet which has been sent you for distribution among the teachers, may be profitably used in planning your Institute programs for the next year.
Another pamphlet bearing 'On Institute work for I 907 is
/'

39
now in press. It has been prepared for the purpose of assisting teachers in Institute work, either monthly or annual, and it will give many suggestions and plans for work in the classes.
There is also in press a pamphlet of plans for schoolhouses, one, two, three and four rooms, respectively, together with specifications of the same. It is hoped that this pamphlet will prove of great value to the many school people who are planning to build new houses. During the past year there has been expended in school buildings $35,000.
If you need any further office supplies, please let me know at once.
Yours very truly, W. B MERRIT1\
State School Commissioner.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,.
STATE OF GEORGIA.
ATLANTA, GA., January 14, 1907
To the County School Commissioner:
DEAR SIR: I am sending you, by express this week, a supply of the Manual of Methods, and Practical Suggestions for Institute Work. These, with the pamphlet, Helps for Teachers in Institute Work, which has already been sent you, will form the basis of Institute Work for 1907. There is also in the package a pamphlet of plans and specifications for schoolhouses.
I suppose you have received a package of supplies sent you in November. This package contained some stereotype plates lor your county papers, and one copy of Kern's "Among Country Schools," for your county teachers' library. As some packages have been delayed, I shall, hereafter, send you a notice of each express package that is forwarded you.
The law requires the county school commissioner to make a report of the condition and progress of school work in the county to the grand jury, at the Spring term of the ~uperior Court. Please send me a copy of your report to the grand jury, and also the report and recommendations of the grand jury touching the educational work of your county.
Please send me a brief report of the progress of school work in your county during the year of 1906; this may in-

40
dude some of your plans for I907. See report from this Department, I905, pages 62-III.
Have you received a supply of the new form of itemized statement blanks? If you have on hand any of the old forms used several years ago, please destroy them, and use the new form. It is very difficult to compile statistics when reports are made on blanks that are not uniform.
I regret that we have been unable to make a satisfactory estimate of the common school fund for I907. In fixing salaries, and in making out a schedule of expenditures for I907, your board may expect an amount equal to the apportionment for I906. I hope we can secure a little increase in the apportionment, but the increase, if any, will be very small.
Yours very truly, W. B MERRITT,
State School Commissioner.

ATLANTA, GA., January 28, I907.

To the County School Commissioner,

County:

DEAR SIR: The apportionment of public school funds for

your county, which will be sent you through this department,

for I907, is $

'" This amount does not include the

school funds apportioned to local school systems which receive

their funds directly from this department. As usual, the con-

vict hire will be sent by the State Treasurer to the county

school commissioners of those counties whose share of the

convict hire has been applied to the school funds. In these

counties the county school commissioners will pay the local

school systems the share of convict hire due to each local

school sytem.

Please let me know at once if there are in your county any

new local school systems which will draw their school funds

through this department.

Itemized statements from several counties have been de-

layed. Please send in your claims promptly. All claims ap-

proved at one meeting of your county board may be included

in one statement, and thus can be more easily and promptly

audited.

I shall be pleased to hear from you at an early date as to

whether any schools in your county will prepare an educational

exhibit for the Jamestown Exposition. In almost every county

41
there are some schools which will prepare an exhibit if their attention is called to the matter.
Please distribute at once among your teachers the pamphlets which I have recehtly sent you by express. Many teachers write to this department for pamphlets when a supply has been sent to the county for them.
I shall' be obliged if you will send a copy of the latest edition of the Manual of. Methods, and copies of the two pamphlets for teachers, to the superintendents of the local systems in your county.
Mrs. A. W. VanHoose, Chairman of the Medal Committee, announcesthat the Daughters of the Confederacy have offered a gold medal to the student in our schools who writes the best c~say on the subject, "The Confederate Navy in the War Between the States." I trust that you will cooperate in this movement, and assist this noble organization in securing local prizes for essays in each county. There should be a number of essays entered in this contest from each county. Please read carefully the rules and regulations governing the contest, and acquaint your teachers with them. You can secure a copy of these rules and regulations, and all necessary information, by writing to Mrs. A. W. VanHoose, Gainesville, Ga.
I have recently received some interesting and valuable reports from expert school officials who have visited several counties, with note book and kodak, for the purpose of reporting educational conditions in the several grades of schools in these counties. These reports are helping the people to gain a more correct knowledge of their true educational conditions and needs, and, I belieye, they will arouse interest, and a determination to have better schools. Should you like such reports to be made of the schools in your county?
Yours very truly, W. B MERRITT}
State School Commissioner.
ATLANTA} GA.} January 28 ,I907.
To the Superintendent of the Local School System: .
DEAR SIR: The apportionment to the school system of
. . . . . . . . . . .. for I907 is $. . . . . . . . . . . . . This does not in-
clude any funds arising from the net hire of convicts to which your system may be entitled. As usual, the convict hire will be sent by the State Treasurer to the county school com-

42

li1lSSlOners of those counties that have applied their share of

this fund to their schools, and the commissioners will pay the

local school systems their respective share.of this money. This

apportionment is based on the census of 1903.

I shall be pleased to hear from you as to whether you con-

template preparing an exhibit for the Jamestown Exposition.

I have found in those schools that have monthly or annual

exhibits that the preparation of these exhibits is an excellent

means of quickening the interest of parents and of improving

the work done by the children. I trust you will see fit to make

an exhibit of some kind, as this is an opportunity for our State

to take rank with other States which are preparing for such

exhibits.

Mrs. A. W. VanHoose, Chairman of the Medal Committee,

announces that the Daughters of the Confederacy have offered

a gold medal to the student in our schools who writes the best

essay on the subject, "The Confederate N avyin the \Var Be-

tween the States." There should be a number of essays en-

tered in this contest, and I hope you will urge the children in

your system to compete. You can secure a copy of the rules

and regulations, and all necessary information, by writing to

Mrs. A. W. VanHoose, Gainesville, Ga.

I have asked the county school commissioner of your coun-

ty to send you a copy of the latest edition of the Manual of

::\Tethods, and also two pamphlets which teachers will use this

year as the basis of institute work. I wish to bespeak your

cooperation with the county school superintendent and the

tt'achers in institute work, in school libraries, in the subject of

local taxation, in encouraging pupils to attend the high school,

and in securing good teachers for the entire county.

With best wishes for the prosperity of your system for the

year 197, I am,

Sincerely yours,

'vV. B MERR1Tl\

State School Commissioner.

ATLANTA) GA.) March 6, 1907.
To the COllllty School Commissioner:
DEAR SIR: The annual examination of pupils in the seventh grade in the common schools will be held on March 22d. I shall send you, within a few days, a supply of these questions, together with instructions for holding the' examination. and blanks for reporting it. I suggest that you will find it a good

43

plan in some cases to combine the seventh grade e~amination of three or four school~, and hold the examination at one place. This plan will enable those pupils whose schools are not now
in session to take the examination, and the supervisors of the

examination, not having the care of other classes during the day, can more strictly superintend the examination.

In this express package I 'shall include copies of a new edition

of the Paramount Question, and another valuable local tax

pamphlet containing addresses of Dr. \Valter B. Hill, and Dr.

Charles D. Melver. You will find it worth while to have your

people read these pamphlets.

-

I am pleased to inform you that the State Educational Campaign Committee can continue to pay expenses of speakers who discuss local taxation at your educational rallies. By securing speakers in your section of the State expenses will be

lessened, and we shall be enabled to enlist more workers in the campaign. Please send me the expense accounts of your

speakers.

The annual convention of the county school commissioners

will be held in Milledgeville, April 23-25. I shall send you a program soon.

The Georgia Educational Association will meet this year in Macon, April 25-27. President D. C. Barrow will send you IJrograms for distribution among your teachers.
The University Summer School will hold its annual session at Athens, July 1st to August 2d. The instructors secured tor the work are excellent, and the courses offered should induce our teachers to attend. The special feature this year is the inauguration of a four-years' course of study, for which

credits will be given, and which will lead to a teachers' de-

gree from the University.

,

The work outlined for this school is excellent, and I trust

you will urge your teachers to attend one of them.

Two scholarships are offered by the Western Reserve U niversity, Cleveland, Ohio, to the young men of the State. These scholarships will be awarded by competitive examination,

which will be held the latter part of June, on the same days you

hold your examination of applicants for license to teach. I enclose you a list of topics which may be helpful- to you in

writing a review of the progress of school work in your county for 1906. Occasionally I hear of special movements 'which have never been officially reported, and I have endeav-

44
ored, in the sekction of these topics, to indicate work on which a report is especially desired.
Please fill out the blanks on the enclosed postal card, and forward it to me by return mail.
Yours very truly, W. B. MERRITT,
State School Commissioner.
ATLANTA, GA., March 8, 1907.
To the County School Commissioner:
DEAR SIR: I have been requested by the State Exposition Commissission to secure exhibits of school work for the Jamestown Exposition. As I have stated to you in previous circular letters, I am anxious for your schools to make an exhibit.
As I am enclosing a letter giving full details, from the superintendent of the Virginia Educational Exhibit to those intending to makes exhibits, it is only necessary for me to call your attention to a few special points:
The Georgia color scheme is French gray, or deep cream, . and the cabinets and cases will be made of cherry.
Exhibits should be made in cabinets and cases whenever practicable.
Paper used for cabinet leaves should be of a size to look well or fit the leaves, which are 22X28. Please let me know Zit once how many of these cabinet leaves you wish.
You are urged to report at once what you have for exhibition, and how you wish it arranged.
Exhibits should be securely boxed and shipped to me, Atlanta, Georgia. I shall then ship the entire exhibit for Georgia to the Exposition grounds, where it will be properly arranged in the space assigned to our State.
Your work should be sent in by the last of this month, as the Exposition will be formally opened in April.
Yours very truly, W. B MERRITT,
State School Commissioner.
ATLANTA GA., April 8, 1907.
To the County School Commissioner:
DEAR SIR: I am sending you a program of the annual meet-

45
mg of the county school commissioners, to be held in Milledgeville, April 23d, 24th and 25th.
The Georgia Educational Association will convene in Macon on the evening of April 25th, and continue in annual session through the 27th. As the 26th is an annual holiday, I think the Boards of Education will readily excuse the teachers who wish to attend. School officials should encourage teachers to attend the meetings of our State associations. Teachers will return to their work with many new suggestions and renewed zeal for their special work and for the cause of education in the State.
Please forward to this department the material your schools have prepared for the Jamestown exhibit.
I hope many of your seventh grade pupils have made an average of 80 per cent. in the recent examination, and will receive certificates from you.
A check with plue pencil opposite this sentence indicates that I have not received from you a review of progress of school work in 1906 for my annual report to the General Assembly.
A check opposite this sentence indicates that I have not received a copy of your report to the grand jury.
A check opposite this sentence indicates that I have not received the comments of your grand jury on the educational affairs of your county, as published in their presentment,s.
Yours very truly, W. B MERRITT,
State School Commissioner.
ATLANTA, GA.JMay 24, 1907.
To the County School Commissioner:
DEAR SIR: The examination of applicants for license to teach will be held June 21st and 22d. Please urge all applicants to take the examination in the county in which they expect to teach. This will obviate some difficulties which arise each year. . There are many good teachers in local systems, and students in our normal schools and colleges, who will be available for teaching in the summer schools. If you have had such application, please notify the applicants of the date of the examination.
Two scholarships are offered by the Western Reserve Uni-

46
versity, Cleveland, Ohio, to the young men of this State. These scholarships will be awarded by competitiveexamination. They are worth two hundred dollars per year, payable quartely. Will you please arrange to conduct this examination at the same time you examine the teachers? Kindly give this matter publicity, and direct inquirers to write to M1'. Paul Pope, Office of the President, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Questions will be forwarded you in due L.me.
In your teachers' institutes this summer, I think special attention should be given to the matter of the care of the health of school children. The Medical Association of the State, and many authorities, are working together to prevent the spread of tuberculosis; it will be a good feature to have this subject discussed by the teachers, and to have a physician give a speciallecture to the teachers on this subject. Also, have the matter of the care of the teeth of the children discussed, following the plan of having a dentist lecture on the subject, and have the teachers discuss it. The Georgia State Dental Association has recently given this matter much attention.
So far, I have been unable to have a definite answer from the Governor and the State Treasurer as to when the next payment of school funds will be made. I regret the delay exceedingly, and suggest that your board arrange for payment cIaims due teachers, if possible.
Yours very truly, W. B MERRITT}
State School Commissioner.
ATLANTA} GA.} June 3, 1907.
To the County School Conlmissioner:
DEAR SIR: The State Treasurer is making a payment of ten per cent. of the school fund for this year. This will amount to thirty per cent. of the apportionment for 1907. To those \'7ho have not already received thirty per cent. of this year's apportionment checks will pmbably be mailed to-morrow.
Announcement of the courses of study offered by the Uni\ ersity Summer School, Athens, Ga., has already been sent to you and to your teachers. Please call the attention of your teachers to the excellent work 'offered this summer, and, for any specific details. ask them to write to the superintendent of the school, Prof. T. J\Voofter, Athens, Ga.

47
The Georgia Educational Conference of Business Men, recently held in Atlanta, composed of the fifty citizens appointed by Mr. S. M. Inman, was unique, significant and inspiring. Educational problems, especially those concerning the rural schools, were discussed in detail, with great earnestness, statesmanship and foresight. As one result, increased interest in education is manifested among school officials and business men in all parts of the State. The great impulse of the educational efforts of those who have a genuine interest in the training of the children bids fair to unify and improve all educational work and the workers as never before. From personal Gbservation, and from letters received at this department, I find that the influence of the Business Men's Conference is awakening and vitalizing interest in school work to the remotest district of the State.
In view of this general awakening of interest in education, I suggest that you and the school officials of your county arrange a Fourth of July gathering, in which education shall be given a large part of the program you present, and in which every school district of the county may be represented. " Enlist the interest of the press, in your editors, the influence of your bomes, in the parents, the power of the church, in your ministers, the cooperation of your leaders of civic affairs, in your county officers, and the active support of the commercial element, in your business men.
The founders of this nation, in their prophetic longing for a perpetual government of free people, believed profoundly in the education of the masses. They believed that a free people must be an educated people. Thomas Jefferson voiced the sentiment of our early statesmen when he said, "No surer foundation can be devised for the preservation of freedom and happiness than the diffusion of knowledge among the people."
Yours very truly, W. B MERRITT)
State School CommIssioner.

48
REVIEW OF WORK FOR 1906.
APPLING COUNTY.
H. J. Parker, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
( 12) We recommend that the funds arising from the hire of felony convicts be paid into the Educational Funds of said county.
(13) The committee appointed by the grand jury at the March term of the superior court of Appling, county, Ga., to examine the county school commissioner's books and records, have 'examined the same and find them them correct and neatly kept.
BIBB COUNTY.
C. B. Chapman, Superintendent.
Complying with your request that I should report briefly special features of work done in the Bibb schools this year, I beg to say that the most important item is the extension of school facilities through the generosity of the board of education and the county commissioners.
More than $14,000 was expended in permanent improvements, and $2,500 in general repairs. Consolidated schools were-built at Lizella and Bellevue, and seven rooms were added to buildings in other places. Ten new teachers were added to the fist, so that we were enabled to accommodate an increase in enrollment of 523 pupils. Several single-room_ country schools will be built during the next summer, and six more teachers. will be added to the list. All the schools in the county for negroes, as well as for whites, will then be conducted ,in attractive, well-constructed, up-to-date buildings.
As for the character of the work in the schools, special attention has been paid to methods in reading, in language, and in arithmetic. Technical grammar having been taken from the lower grades, particular attention from the very first year is given to expression, correct speaking and correct writing.

49
Having become convinced that too little attention has been paid to mathematics in an age when this science pervades almost every line of industry, we are giving more attention to arithmetic in the grammar grades, and to algebra and geometry in the high schools. Problem work is begun in the first years where children are taught with simple numbers, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and something of fractions.
In the Manual Training Course we have found color work and freehand drawing a most important feature. I believe that a reaction in manual training will gradually eliminate everything that can not be legitimately connected with other wbjects of the course of study. Freehand drawing can be cunnected in a natural way with several subjects, and I belleve that it will remain a part of the course of study when certain other features of manual training are forgotten.
Our board of education has again offered prizes for the corn and cotton contest, and every school for whites in the county is interested in agriculture. Nature study in the lower grades affords an excellent beginning, more elaborate work being done in the upper grades.
A committee of Macon ladies composed of Mrs. Mallory
Taylor, Mrs. -E. J. Willingham and Mrs. Walter Lamar, has
collected thousands of standard magazines and many books, which have been distributed among the rural schools.
Respectfully submitted.
C. B.CHAPMAN)
Superintendent.
BRYAN COUNTY.
E. Benton, School Commissioner.
J COMMENTS OF GRAND DRY.
We found the cash book of this officer in an incomplete con~ dition. In a majority of instances it was necessary to have recourse to his itemized statements to find amounts which he should have charged himself with as balance on hand and received from the State and from other sources.
It appears from documents in this office that the county school commissioner makes out monthly itemized statements showing amounts due and owing by the board of education
4 Be

50
for each month of the year. These statements are presented to the board of education and approved by them. \Ve finel several instances where the amounts approved by the board of education and ordered paid, are not paid by the commissioner. This is irregular and should be stopped at once. The commissioner has no legal authority or right to place in these itemized statements any amounts except such as are actually due and owing at that time for work actually performed or equipment actually furnished. As an illustration of what we mean we call attention to the fact that in one of these itemized statements the sum of $346 is passed for payment and is itemized as follows: "Furnishing seats fbr schools, Pembroke, $150; Lanier $41; Canoochee, $30; Middle Ground, $125." The cash book of the commissioner shows that he takes credit for all this money, but his voucher checks show that he has paid $ ISO for Pembroke and $4 I for Lanier for seats;< he shows no voucher for any expenditure for seats for Canoochee and admits to us that no seats have 1:)een furnished that school and that the thirty dollars is still in his hands unexpended. How could this amount be due and owing by the board of education in the face of the admitted fact that no seats for this school have been furnished? The commissioner presents us with vouchers showing an expenditure of $roO.43 of the' $125 alleged to have been due and owing for seats for Middle Ground school, but the vouchers show that this monev was not paid out for seats but for material for the constr~ction of the building itself. The board has the right to appropriate money for construction of school, buildings and for the purchase of school furniture, but when they do so this does not give their executive officer the authority to place such sums in an itemized statement before it is earned or due or to divert the money or any part of it to a different purpose even though it is expended for the benefit of the identical school for which it was appropriated. Of this item of $346, for which the commissioners' books show a full credit to him, he admits that $54.57 has not been paid out and is still in his possession.
Your examining committee of a year ago submitted to the grand jury of the May term, 1906, of the superior court a detailed statement showing amounts audited and amounts paid to teachers for the year 1905. We have in our possession data from which a like statement can be compiled and which will show in some instances more money audited to a teacher

51
than the cash book shows was paid and in other instances more money paid than was audited. This information will be compiled for your information if you should, during your deliberation, desire it to be done by our chairman.
Several vouchers for alleged expenditures were missing. These we have made a note of, and the commissioner promises to present them to us before you have finished the consideration of this report.
vVe do not think that the books of this office are properly handled for the reason that it entails a great amount of labor to find what has been received by the officer and again they show according to admissions of the incumbent credits that should not have been taken. Books of account should show as debits moneys actually received and on hand, and as credits moneys actually paid out.
We accord to the county school commissioner motives of the most absolute integrity and good intentions, but while we do this we can not fail to condemn and criticise his carelessness in the keeping of his accounts and the lack of business ability in the conduct of the affairs of this important department of our county government.
Complaint has been lodged with the chairman of this committee with reference to the failure of the commissioner to provide seats for the schools for which he was given the money to purchase. The information we have before given in detail is all that we have been able to gather about appropriati6ns made for this purpose.
BAKER COUNTY.
Hon. J. H. Hall, Jr., County School Commissioner.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
I will say that in reference to the progress of school work in our county for the past year I think we have been doing better work than heretofore, as we had more of our country schools to supplement the public term than we have had before.
We have built one new schoolhouse and have added one room to another house and furnished the school with an assistant teacher and have repaired two other schoolhouses. We still, though, are behind with our school work and are not doing the work in that line I would like for us to do.

52
BALDWIN COUNTY.
Hon. R. N. Lamar, County School Commissioner.
REvIEW OF' SCHOOL WORK.
Our teachers' annual institute was conducted at the Georgia Normal and Industrial College with Prof. Jere M. Pound as instructor. We spent a most pleasant and profitable week. The institute embraced the week from February 25th to March 1st, inclusive.
BUTTS COUNTY.
Hon. C. S. Maddox, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF' C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
(Statistics same as reported to State Department.) The schools were more prosperous than ever before. The time is ripe for a local tax election in this county. Such election will be called during the summer and it is probable our people will endorse the plan.
CALHOUN COUNTY.
Hon. J. J. Beck, County School Commissioner.
REVIEW 01" SCHOOL WORK.
We have a nice lot of country schoolhouses and at very little cost to the })pard of education, it being the policy of our board to expend every cent that we can on the children, and thus extend the term of the school to its fullest limit.
Our people have not as yet caught onto the planting of trees.
We have as good a list of country teachers as can be found anywhere. Our people occasionally visit "the schools and encourage the children by their presence.
We have a fairly good library in each of our schools, but can furnish no specimens or pictures of them.
Our teachers do not take much interest in declamations, and we will have no pupils contesting for prizes at the chautauqua.

53
Agriculture is taught in almost all of our schools, theoretically.
We have consolidated, where it is practicable and best, the little schools and have one school with four teachers, several with two, and all with at least one good teacher.
We expect to operate our schools for the present year for at least eight months, and we think that this is as long as the farmers, for we are all farmers, can spare their children to go to school.
We hold monthly voluntary institutes, and nearly everyone of the teachers attend and all participate in the work and seem to be very much interested. I send you a programme of the next institute.
I anticipate that this will be the best year of my superintendence of schools since I have been in this work.
CAMDEN COUNTY.
J. O. Mangham, County School Commissioner.
REPOR:'I' 01" C. S. C. '1'0 GRAND JURY.
In addition to the financial report, I am glad of the opportunity to tell you something of the schools of the county. In distributing the money each school had the same amount appropriated to it as was done in 1905. There being less of the school fund available for Camden county in 1906, than was used in 199'5, of course .the money was exhausted before all the claims were paid. The deficiency was generously donated
by Mr. J. S. N. Davis, chairman of the board of education,
so each teacher received every dollar promised. Your board of education is composed of earnest men who
are anxious that every child in the county shall get the full benefit of every cent appropriated to him.
Our schools need improvement, and you, gentlemen, can materially help us. You are representative men from all parts of the county. The people, as a rule, look to you for a certain class of information, and they will qe largely governed by your suggestions or directions. A recommendation from the grand jury or a suggestion by a juror always carries conviction with it. We confidently expect your cooperation in our efforts to get the schools on a higher plane. I beg to call your

54
attention to some of the most glaring needs. I ask your assistance in correcting some faults and in supplying these needs.
We had last year twenty-eight white schools and twentysix colored schools. This is too many for our population. \Ve think it possible, by your help, to reduce this number tc forty schools. I am aware that to consolidate schools is more difficult of accomplishment in Carnden than in most counties, because we live in small communities. But even with the difficulties confronting us, we may do much if we will but work together. Whenever we think sufficiently to understand our obligations to the children we will devise means for their good.
\Ve can not now supply the number of schools that we have with the best teachers. \Ve have some earnest, faithful teachers but we can not hope to get the best for the arnount we can pay them. Fewer schools and larger schools means betfer schools and longer term schools. If you think it impracticable to follow the suggestions of the McMichael bill, let us do the next best thing we can do, i. e., consolidate some of our schools. Of course it will be of inconvenience to some and may cost
some money as well as trouble, but we should be willing to go
to extra trouble for the sake of the children. By a concert of effort we can in a few years have better schoolhouses, larger schools, better facilities for teaching, and better trained teachers. For the little extra cost in money and the small sacrifice of time, there will be returned to us brighter boys and girls, and after a while, better men and women.
Gentlemen, please think of these things, and for the sake of your children help us to improve their opportunities for training their minds.
REVIEw OF SCHOOL WORK.
A few of our teachers have tried to beautify the school grounds. But few of the schoolhouses have an enclosure around them. One school, at least, looks bright. It has pot plants, on temporary shelves at every window.
The supply does not equal the demand, i. e., we have schools for which it is hard to get teachers. The locality of these schools and small salary prevents. us from securing good teachers. I am sorry to say, as a rule, that our teachers are doing little for their own improvement and are too little inter-

55
ested in school work to arouse parents. Some, however, are faithful, earnest, and progressive, and are willing to aid me in any effort for advancement.
'-IVe have monthly institutes. A few meet me with bright, anxious faces. Others always send excuses. Those who come regularly are our best teachers. Parents need to be taught. It is hard to interest them, and to say "tax" to them gives many of them an ague, if not a "brain storm."
Several schools are waking up to the value of libraries. On this line there has been considerable advancement. Some of the schools have very creditabJe libraries, both as to quality of books and number of volumes. I have issued certificates for five pupils who have completed the common school course. These gave very creditable answers. Some asked for certificates for pupils who I considered did not deserve them.
Camden has no farming interests. People are indifferent; teachers and pupils are likewise. I have forced agriculture into the schools and am trying to get it to the front. A field of ten acres is a large field in Camden. A patch of two acres of corn, three or four acres of sweet potatoes, one of sugarcane, and one of watermelons is about an average. This is an apology for lack of teaching agriculture.
My school problems-the most difficult ones-have not yet been solved. We mu'St have fewer schools, ,this can be done only by starting wagons, and many of the people are so much averse to such that they will not suffer their children to go even if the wagon were to pass by the door. I hope to get a few interested. Our communities are so small and so much scattered that it is hard to do anything for them. Anyinnovation on old plans, fills some of our folks with holy horror.
Our county has been laid off in school districts. Weare trying now to revise the divisions, and improve th~.
I can hardly outline plans, but we intend to push all along the lines indicated by the above. The chainnan of our Board
of Education (Mr. J. S. N. Davis) is progressive, intelligent,
and earnest, and the other members of the board are ready to do anything that promises improvement.

56
CARROLL COUNTY.
Han. J. S. Travis, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
Realizing the importance and responsibility resting upon the citizenship of our county with its immense white population of schoolchildren to educate and having secured the . A. & M. College to our county through the earnest and unremitting efforts of some of the leading citizens of Carroll, and feeling assured that no sane man can doubt that to educate these children so as to develop their individual capacity and fit each one of them for his own or her especial place in life, is the best thing that a true patriot can do for them (it is a gift second only to that of life) ; and knowing that an education that we can use is an inestimab1le blessing, and that every dollar spent in the education of the young saves many hundreds of dollars in the increased efficiency of the working population arid in the absence of paupers in our workhous~s and criminals in our courts and jails, we believe that we represent the intelligence and patriotism of the people of Carroll county in recommending that the ordinary shall appropriate fifteen thousand dollars' ($r 5,000) to be used in erecting the buildings of the Agricultural and Mechanical school of. the fourth congressional district, located in Carroll county.
CATOOSA COUNTY.
Hon. 1. L. Magill, County School Commissioner.
/
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
It is with deep~felt sense of duty and responsibility I make these reports, for in preparing to make these reports I review the past and am made to see the needs for the future.
We have great reason to be thankful for the prosperity of the past year; fairly good crops and prices of produce fairly good.
It is true we had an unusual amount of rain in the summer and fall which made it difficult for the farmers to get crops gathered, and corn and cotton was damaged to some extent,

57

but wages were never better than they have been for the past

year and the laboring class have had more money than usual.

It has had its effect on the schools, especially the larger

boys, many of whom have been tempted to accept good wages

rather than go to school and the unusual amount of rain made

the farmers late getting crops gathered, therefore the average

attendance was a little less than formerly.

Most of our teachers did fairly good work, taking into con-

sideration their surroundings.

I regret to notice the small number of pupils who are study-

ing physiology and agriculture, two very important branches

lately added to the common school course by the Legislature.

I would insist that parents furnish their children books and

require them to study these as early as they are prepared for

them.

For lack of funds we have not been able to secure as good

teachers for some of the schools as we would like, from the

fact that men and women who are well qualified to teach

school can command better salaries than we are able to pay,

and get employment for twelve months in the year, therefore,

they naturally drift away from the schoolroom to other occu-

pations.

" I am glad that our Legislature made provisions to remedy

this condition by Acts looking to redistricting or consolidation

of schools, and by Act providing for local tax to supplement

the school fund.

Some of the districts are smaller than they should be, but it

is hard to make satisfactory changes, as each district has a

schoolhouse not far from the center. About one in five of our

schools have been lengthened by subscription, and the people

are more in favor of local tax, and I hope that soon the county,

or at least a majority of the sub-districts will vote for local

tax.

I am glad to present to you a copy of "The Paramount

Question, Improvement of Rural Schools," which will be help-

ful to you in thinking of this matter. Please read them care-

fully and then let your neighbors read them.

We earnestly ask the hearty cooperation of each of you

with the Qoard of education in this important duty.

Do not forget that from the schools are coming yearly the

men and women who rule church and state.

.

More depends upon the education of our children, as to the

58

prosperity and happiness they and the people with whom they

are to live are to enjoy than anything with which we are

burdened.

\Ve will be glad to have you visit the schools and encourage

teacher and pupils as often as you can.

vVe were able by combining our teachers' institute with

Prof. \V. E. Bryan's normal to give each teacher two weeks

valuable instruction free, and the other two weeks instruc-

tion by paying ($2.5), if they chose to attend.

\Ve also have a library of over four hundred books Nhich

are free to be read by teachers, and to be taken by the teachers

and loaned to pupils and patrons to read.

.

\Ve would be glad for each school to have a library of it~

own, which could be easily started by having fa box supper or

ice-cream festival, and would be very helpful and encouraging

to the young.

I submit to your honorable body a copy of my annual report

to the State School Commissioner, a tabulated statement show-

ing the exact amount of money received, and date and to

whom paid; also, my books and vouchers and will gladly assist

in the examination if desired.

I wiII also be glad to answer any questions you may wish to

ask relative to the public schools to the best of my ability.

CHEROKEE COUNTY.
B. F. Perry, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
Owing to the continued sickness and death of our very ef ficient county school commissioner, John D. Attaway, we did not have an opportunity of examining into the affairs of that office. However, Mr. Ben F. Perry, the 'acting chairman of the board of education, came before our body and made a statement in regard to the office which was satisfactory and very much appreciated by the body, and the report of the. finance committee covers this department fuIIy.

"

59
CLAYTON COUNTY.
J. H. Huie, County School Commissioner.
REpORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
(Statistics same as reported to State department.) The schools, with a few exceptions, were operated for five months and more; the long term schools were continued eight months. The teachers were faithful and efficient and were earnestly devoted to their work. The children seem to have taken on new inspiration about their school life, caused, partly, by the contests in our educational rallies. The result of the year's work is very gratifying. As the proper education of our children is one of the most if not the most, important subjects that could engage the attention of the grand jury, and as the State is doing so much to advance the cause of education, it seems to be up to you to take some action, or to make some recommendation to the board of education along the lines of the recent legislation on this subject. Some expression from your body on the enforcement of the late law, known as the McMichael educational law, would doubtless be appreciated by the board of education, and would stimulate the people to some favorable action.
COBB COUNTY.
Hon. W. R. Power, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
The grounds affecting the educational administration of the county we feel has been partly thoroughly and impartially threshed over by us. In the first place, we had a statement of the State School Commissioner of the funds sent by him to the county school commissioner; between which we have checked all disbursements and find in the apportionment an exact balance. In the second place, we have heard a number of teachers who had their complaints to make from which we have conscientiously endeavored to sift the real points.
In the light of these facts it is vain to disguise the fact, however unpleasant, that there has been dissatisfaction, all but general among the latter, (I) at delay in making out their

60
written contracts, (2) at discrepancies between these, in actual payments of salaries, and at amounts they expected to receive, under the verbal ones under which they were engaged. This course certainly opens the door to misunderstanding and confusion, to discontent and heartburning among the one, and to charges more or less grave, against the other.
Error, such as may be shown to exist, seems to our minds to be in management, certainly not in malfeasance, in enforced squaring of matters to the apportionment rather than to adherence to accepted cbnditions.
With everything in view, therefore, we urgently recommend that the board of education formulate rules and regulations more comprehensive than before, in the event of such already existing, (I) as to the location of schools and engagement of teachers ; (2) as to contracts with the latter, setting forth in signature and writing what will be required and what given and received. From first to last let this be explicit.
COFFEE COUNTY.
Hon. Melvin Tanner, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We find the books of the county school commissioner to be kept as near perfect as possible.
We recommend that the ordinary be instructed and given authority according to law to fix a date and call an election, that the citizens of Coffee county may have an opportunity to vote for a local tax for supplementing the amount of school funds now received from the State, so that each school district may have a free school for at least seven months in the year, and also that the school buildings and other school property may be improved in keeping with the demands of the times.
Realizing that every step wh'ich our COURty makes forward educationally means progress for our citizens morally, socially, mentally and financially, and that our people can never advance beyond the educational standard which we fix for the children of our county, and appreciating the great benefits to be derived to the people from the eleventh congressional district Agricultural College which has been secured by our county, we wish and desire to approve the faithful work of

61
all who aided in any way in securing this institution for our county. And we desire to thank the friends of our county, whether they be citizens of our county or other parts of the , eleventh congressional district, for their faithful work in this behalf.
We further approve the action of the county commissioners, both of the present and retired board, for their action in carrying on and assisting in this matter and recommend that the present board carry out fully the work so nobly begun by their predecessors.
We believe that the good to be derived from this institution will be infinitely greater than the sum of money which will be expended in this way.
And that the children of our county will praise the memory of those who contributed to this noble institution, and call them blessed.
COLQUITT COUNTY.
John E. Howell, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
(Statistics included in tabulated statements in another part of this report.)
Length of public term, five months. Appropriation from State, $9,885.7. An average of $3.16 per pupil enrolled. An average of less than $30.00 per month per teacher employed. Vouchers are on file in the office of the board of education for the money disbursed. I would call yo:ur attention to the fact that we are drawing funds upon the basis of the census of 1903 and can not get another census until 1908. Our school population has grown at the rate of fifteen to twenty per cent.-'per year since 1903. Our ,school population is practically all white, so that in communities where in the average Georgia county they would need one room and teacher each for white and colored children, we need two rooms and two teachers for white children. So that in almost every community the school buildings need additional room and teachers. When we get a new census (if the State continues her appropriations upon the present basis) the

62
situation can be gr.eatly relieved, but until then the struggle will be hard to maintain salaries for competent teachers.
That you may see the situation in the various communities I append hereto some photographic views marked exhibit "A". I mean no discourtesy to the citizens of these communities, nor to say that the situation with them is any worse than in many others.
To relieve the present need and to run their schools for longer terms, seventeen (17) districts, including thirty (30) schools have adopted local taxation and the sum of $5,400 was levied for 1906. It would be immeasurably better if we had local tax over the entire county.
This is the term for your honorable body to direct the hire of the felony convicts into either the "school" or "road" fund of our county.
Nearly every county in the State gets the benefit in their school fund. Every county adjoining Colquitt puts this money in the school funds. We never had it in ours; hence the adjoining counties pay better salaries, secure better teachers, have some money to help with school buildings and flJrniture and operate their schools six months, too. Our boardp'f education has never had a dollar that they could afford to appropriate for buildings or furniture, and, as compared with adjoining counties, are very much hindered in that respect.
We can not spend one cent more than our annual appropriation and the "road" fund could very much more afford to borrow this money for the next two years than the "school" fund could afford to do without it. Therefore we ask that you direct this money into the "school" funds for the next two years.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JUR,Y.
With reference to Commissioner Howell's recommendation that the funds arising from the hire of felony convicts be appropriated to the county schools, this body is of the opinion that such would be unwise at this time because of the fact that the county is engaged in building good roads and the finances of the county are such that the deficit in the road funds that would be caused by diverting the funds arising from the hire of the felony convicts could not be met from the general funds.

63
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
During the fall of 1905 and spring of 1906 I raised a fund, by public subscription, amounting to $50,. with which to place a circulating library in the county schools. I had thirty small cases made, of oak, to hold thirty volumes each, with additional room for supplies and current magazines and papers. I bought a library of 750 volumes, of standard literature, including many copyright qooks. These were in triplicates of each title, so that I had only three cases alike in the entire library.
These I have been circulating among the schools, changing once each month, and teachers and children have been charmed, delighted, interested and benefited beyond measure.
Seventeen (17) school districts, embracing thirty (30 ) schools (white and colored) have adop,ted local tax and the sum of $5,000 was added to the State fund in those districts for 1906, enabling them to operate high-school departments in some and long term schools in all.
\Ve built entirely new five (5) good houses and put many other buildings in repair as to light and comfort.
Three (3) were seated with patent desks, and we have ordered desks for four others.
To buildings and equipment the board of education has not had a penny to contribute. If we had $1,000 per year that we could spare for that purpose we could have a good building in every community in three years.
Our enrollment grows larger'each year on account of rapidly increasing population and for 1906 the enrollment was as large as our entire school population as per the census of 193; giving us but $3.16 per enrolled pupil. Unfortunately the road problem has been. so serious with us that our grand juries have never given us the convict hire. So with the large increase in school attendance our board has had a hard problem before them to secure pay for competent teachers, as the burden of extra compensation falls heavily upon our patrons, as compared to the average county in the State. But our people are loyally supporting our efforts in that direction and we have a fine body of teachers.
We contemplate, in line with the advanced educational movement that seems to have permeated the entire country, to hold an educational conference in Colquitt county during the sum-

6-1
mer of 1907, to which we are going to invite all the business men of our county, first, and then all who are interested and then some strong speakers, at which conference we propose to show ail our people our exact situation and ask their cooperation in securing consolidation, local tax, better buildings and furniture, longer terms and better school conditions in every respect.
COWETA COUNTY.
V. A. Ham, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
The county has been laid off into thirty-one school districts. Four of these districts have already voted for local taxation and are now operating their school under that system. Some of these districts that have voted for local taxation, viz. : Moreland, Grantville and Union, are expecting to build and equip new schoolhouses during the year 1907, or in the near future. Throughout the county, there is a general feeling on the part of the people in favor of better equipped schoolhouses. During the year 1906, two new schoolhouses were built by the people of Rock Spring and Hutchinson school districts. In other: districts some of the schoolhouses have been repaired and made more comfortable, and furnished with better desks.
The teachers' monthly institute is well attended, and much enthusiasm is manifested in the work of the institute. There is a plan now on foot, by the cooperation and help of the teachers, to put a library in each school. This work is progressing very satisfactorily, and several schools have already collected a flattering ,nucleus for a library.
During the year there were sixty-eight schools in operation, of this number thirty-five were whites, with an enrollment of two thousand one hundred and twenty-eight pupils, which shows that 85 per cent. of the children attended school.
There were thirty-three colored schools in operation, with an enrollment of three thousand, one hundred and seventynine pupils, which shows that 80 per cent. attended school.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
The county has been laid off into thirty-one school districts. Four' of these districts are now operating their schools under

65
the system of local taxation. Several schools have been repaired and furnished with new desks. Two new schoolhouses in the Hutchinson and Rock Spring school districts have been equipped with new patent desks. Many of our schoqls now have libraries, and an effort is now being made to put a library in every white school in the county. We have a good supply of teachers in this county, and many of them are preparing themselves for more efficient work by taking a course at some normal school. Our monthly Teachers' Institute is well attended, and our teachers are enthusiastic in the work of the institute.
DECATUR COUNTY.
J. S. Bradwell, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. '1'0 GRAND JURY.
. Since the last year's report was made to your honorable body, a part of the territory under the jurisdiction of this county has been cut off to form a part of the new county of Grady, taking from us twenty-seven white and thirteen colored schools, including what are termed county line schools, a total of forty. For that reason it is hardly practicable to draw a just comparison between the attendance of the past with that of the previous year as a whole. We give you herein, however, those statistics relating to the thirty-seven white and the thirty-eight colored schools which remain in this county. The white enrollment was 2,263, giving an average attendance of lA09. The colored enrollment was 2,600, giving an a.verage attendance of I ,63 I. The increase of white enrollment over the previous year was 274 and that of the average attendance 222. That of the colored was 290 and 246 respectively. The school term as provided for by the board of education was six months-l20 days. The per cent. on attendance of whites was 62.2; that of the col9red 62.7. The white enrollment was 75.2 and the colored 7'3.2 of the school population of 1903.
These figures show that while much is being done towards reaching the children of the county with school privileges there yet remains much to be done to acomplish the task of blotting out illiteracy in our county. The main obstacle in the way of better attendance in the rural districts is the labor problem
5sc

66
and ~hile the people realize more and more th~ importance of educating their children, the sacrifice of their services on the farms is the price of their attendance. This is most unfortunately true regarding those between the ages of twelve and eighteen years and who are best prepared to receive the benefits of the schools. In order to remove this obstacle as much as possible, our board of education leaves it optional with each school to operate the term during any months of the calendar year which the trustees may deem most suitable to the conditions of the community.
By the wise action of former grand juries in directing the use of the convict funds to the school funds of the county, our board of education, for the first time in the history of our county school system, is now able to meet our obligations in paying the teachers' salaries monthly as they fall due, obviating the former necessity of discounting their salaries or waiting until after the end of the year for their money. This will help us in the future in employing and retaining better teache"rs throughout the county. During the past year we had ten schools, viz. : Attapulgus, Brinson, Climax, Donaldsonville, EIdorendo, Faceville, Franklin, Iron City, Lela and Mariola, which extended the term longer than the six months provided for by the county funds by private subscription or municipal taxation. These schools were all under the management of competent principals and assistants and will compare favorably with any of the schools of their grade in the State. In proof of this statement we point with pardonable pride to the fact that a pupil of one of these schools won the gold medal offered last year by the Daughters of the Confederacy for the best essay by any pupil of the common schools of the State on the subject, "Tlhe Main Events of r86r-Their Importance and Influence." The prize was awarded to Mr. Charles M. Trulock,of the Climax public school by the State committee against many competitors throughout the State.
In complianee with the law passed by the last legislature, our Board of Education has laid off the county into forty-four school districts in order to give the people in each the opportunity provided by the law to adopt a local tax for school purposes. It has been particularly gratifying to note the zeal with which the people in many parts of the county have availed themselves of the provisions of this law to improve their school facilities. Up to this date nineteen districts. viz. : Rey-

67
noldsville, Pine Grove, Martin, Humphrey, Franklin, Attapulgus, Faceville, Parker, Donaldsonville, Miriam, Brinson, Fairchild, West Bainbridge, Fowltown, Thursby, Bethel, Iron City, Matthews and Mariola have voted for a local tax and in a majority of them not a dissenting vote was cast. After these districts have put the law into operation and demonstrated to the contiguous districts the superior advantages they enjoy, there will be few if any others left unwilling to adopt like advantages for themselves.
A very low rate of taxation on property values will be sufficient to provide for the building and furnishing of comfortable schoolhouses and the employment of teachers capable of educating the children free for nine months in the year. This provides for the only solution of the rural school problem that has had such a disastrous effect in the past in driving its most progressive citizens from the country to the towns where these advantages are open to them. When we see schools in the country of equal efficiency to those of the cities and towns, we will see this tide turned back to the farms that so much need the presence of an intelligent and progressive citizenry and the blessings of an enlightened civilization will dawn upon our 'Country beyond our fondest dreams. If we can educate our boys and girls to love their country homes they will not turn their backs on them to seek greater things in the cities and towns. With this law put into operation, there is no reason why any rural school district should not be able to offer the same educational advantages to its youth as are now enjoyed by the cities and towns.
It is the country boys, who have been driven by unfavorable conditions surrounding them on the farms, that have built up our cities and towns and have made our country great in all of its greatest achievements. Why not change these conditions and thus induce them to remain on the farms and direct t.heir brains and energies to the upbuilding of their country homes that lie ready to respond most graciously to their intelligent efforts? No expense is too great to attain this end. To provide for the education of its citizens is the highest obligation of the State. Ignorance and its accompanying crimes are the most expensive burdens of any commonwealth.

68
DOOLY COUNTY.
Hon. E. G. Greene, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
(Statistics same as reported to State Department.) Our rural schools are not what they ought to be, and it will be impossible to make them more' efficient with the limited amount of funds furnished by the State. We have employed in the county ninety teachers. Our school fund is about $12,000. After necessary expenses are paid, there is an average of about $125 for each teacher per annum. Farm hands are getting nearly that much and are furnished board, while the teacher must pay his own board. In all vocations, except that of teaching, the earning capacity has increased more than 50 per cent within the last five years, and the expense of living has almost doubled. The conSeljUenCe of this state of affairs is that most of our male teachers have found more lucrative employment in other lines of business. The wages are so small that not even lady teachers are able to spend a few weeks at the summer normals to better fit themselves for usefulness in the schoolroom. In order, then, to furnish our teachers better employment and to give our children better advantages, we need more money. Since the State is inclined not to increase the appropriations to the public school fund, it is folly to expect more aid from that source. There is, then, but one course left open to us, and that is to levy a local tax sufficient for the needs of our schools. Two school districts have already voted for local taxation, and others are arranging for an election under the local tax Act, and we hope the entire county will soon take the advantage of the Act and levy a local tax sufficient to make the rural schools what they should be.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
We have had a good year for schools in our county. The enrollment was better, and the average attendance better, than ever before in the history of the county.
Through the efforts of this office and urging of the board,
~

69
the people have supplemented the funds so as to guarantee six months' school instead of five. We now have four consecutive months during winter session.
We are now building two modern schoolrooms, by private subscription. Four more are planning to build this spring.
Two districts will vote on local taxation in April. Local tax will win.
We are stressing the importance of school libraries for every schoolin the county.
With a few hundred books gathered from friends, and about one hundred magazines donated by publishers, we' are sending out a small circulating library.
During 1907 we expect to continue pressing local taxation and better buildings. .
EARLY COUNTY.
Hon. Thomas F. Jones, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We desire to express our appreciation for the report of our School Commissioner,T. F. Jones, showing the wonderful progress of our county in the great school enterprise; especially do we appreciate the transportation of the children to and from school, who would be so inconvenienced if not thus provided for, and in order to further the school interest of the county we recommend that a tax be levied as a supplement to the public funds.
ELBERT COUNTY.
Hon. J. N. Wall, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
We had eighty schools in operation during the year 1906forty-four white and thirty-six colored. We had 2,165 white children enrolled, a fraction over 97 per cent.; and 2,160 colored children enrolled, a fraction over 84 per cent.
The average attendance of whites was 1,347, and of colored 1, 124.
We find an unpardonable indifference, on the part of patrons,
as to the condition of schoolhouses.

70
Discipline has not been enforced in all of the schools as it should have been.
The Board of Education is striving to elevate the profession by paying teachers according to merit and fitness, as well as for natural aqility. There is great need of patrons supplementing the public fund in payment of teachers' salaries. 'vVe have a few teachers worth a hundred dollars per month.
Two teachers are an absolute necessity in every school where the entire seven grades are taught, but, at the same time, the Board of Education should not put an assistant in any school where two good rooms are not provided for the teachers and pupils.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
The attendance was not regular, but the enrollment of whites was nearly 98 per cent. - The colored not quite as much. Our people, as a whole, bitterly oppose the McMichael bill, and for this reason there is some dissension.
They fear the change of location of schoolhouses, and on this account are not willing to spend much money towards the improvement of such as we have.
We, however, are making some progress on educational lines.
The poor pay of teachers, and the tardiness on the part of the State in paying such a pittance, make good teachers scarce, and in consequence of which I find it impossible to keep up as high standard as we need, but have to take such as we can get.
ECHOLS COUNTY.
J. G. Prine, County School Commissioner. )
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
The year 1906 was a fairly successful year with us in the educational line, but not what it should have been. We need more money to run our schools, in order that we may have better teachers and pay the commissioner a better salary, so that he can devote his whole time to the cause of education in our county. The only way to do this is to work up local taxation. When this measure is put in operation in our county then we will have better houses, better teachers, and better attendance in our schools.

71
Two new schoolhouses were built in the county last year, and some improvement made on others.
It is hard to get pupils interested in planting trees at home or at school. Many of our school grounds are shaded by natural shade trees, the oaks being trimmed and cut to right distance when houses were built.
Teachers were difficult to get during 1906; this caused nearly all of the schools to be short-termed ones.
Part of the teachers are trying to prepare themselves for better school work. Others are careless, don't seem to take much interest, mostly, I think, because they are using the schoolroom as a stepping-stone to some other avocation in life.
Our county is so thinly peopled and it is so unhandy for teachers to get to county site, we do not have monthly institutes for teachers.
It is a hard problem to get parents in Echols county to take much interest in school work. The majority do not seem to care much about school.
We have no long-term schools, takes hard work to hold up short terms, but I am glad to say that some of the leading men of the county are taking more interest in school work.
Local taxation is a hard problem in our county. Most of people are afraid that if they tax themselves for school purposes that the State will withdraw its aid. We need local taxation and compulsory education. Too many parents keep their children at home when they should be at school.
We had only one library at the close of 1906, but plans are on foot to get up several in the school districts during 1907.
Grading of schools is progressing slowly on account of irregular attendance.
There was not a pupil that completed the common course during 1906.
Specimens of school work collected during the year were very good.
We had no contests of pupils in declamations. More interest was shown in the study of agriculture than in the past. My school problems for 1906 were securing better teachers, working up local taxation, and getting people interested in school work. I am sure that each of the three are on a higher plane than before. I could not work either as I would like

72
to have done, because I do not have time to work at it all the time.
I am sure a commissioner should devote his whole time to school work, but in a small county like this the pay will not warrant it. We have to do something else t6 make expenses.
We have consolidated our schools as much so as possible, not to carry the children.
The school districts are but roughly laid out at present, but we are at work on boundary lines, so when we get local taxes we will be in shape for it.
During the year 1907 I hope to make this the banner year in educational work. First, I want to get the best teachers possible for the amount we are able to pay them; second, to get parents interested in the education of their children, in the improvement of school buildings and grounds, in local taxes, so we will be able to get better teachers and have longer terms, and have better attendance in all the schools of Echols county.
FANNIN COUNTY.
J. M. Clement, County School Commissioner.
REpORT OF c. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
In this report I have tried to lay before you as complete statement as possible, of the real educational condition of the county. I hope that this report will be studied by your body, and jf it is found worthy, that it will receive your hearty approbation, and that your recommendations will have a signal bearing on the future conditions of the common schools of this county.
In order to ascertain intelligently and satisfactorily the actual educational oondition and the general environments of every school in the county, the law requires the county school commissioner to visit the schools of the county at least once during the school term, and oftener, if practicable. Owing to sickness I was unable to visit the schools as often as I contemplated; however, I made forty-one official visits, personally, and had the president and members of the board of education do some visiting. I consider these visits of the board valuable, as this gives them a better understanding of the actual workings of the schoolroom than could be had otherwise. Besides, it has a wholesome effect on the school and on the community.

73
In visiting the schools I deliver educational talks; encourage and stimulate teachers, pupils and patrons; inspect the modes and methods of teaching and government; endeavor to correct, if needs be, all features of undesirable bearing on the schools; and impart to teachers, pupils and patrons such information: and encouragement as seems needful, pointing to such incentives as are laudable and calculated to lead to higher aspirations, loftier ambitions and nobler living from which golden deeds are born and whereon real success in life is founded. During these visits and at every opportune time throughout the year, I have not neglected to make an earnest effort to ascertain fully and accurately the actual and real ueeds, conditions, environments and educational circumstances of every school in the county, and, although from a real educational standpoint, we are far below the standard of progress I most heartily desire, yet I am glad to report an ever-increising interest and many hopeful indications of an educational awakening in the county among teachers, pupils and parents, and that a favorable sentiment is growing among our people generally in favor of better schoolhouses, better equipment, better teaching, and self-help by local taxation.
Although it i~ to our every interest, strange to say this great work is gradual and can progress only as public sentiment is developed in its favor, which development often seems of slow growth. Although our progress is gradual, it is permanent, and we to-day stand in the dawn of an educational era heretoforetinknown to our people, and which will still lead us onward and upward to nobler and greater achievements. In this, all the while, the standard of education is rising higher and higher, professional methods are more and more exacting, the demands of the times and of the people generally are more imperative, civilization and intelligence making strides the world has never before klllown, and if we are found in the grand march of human progress, we must rise higher and higher, year by year, untii we are fully abreast of this great work. Weare now realizing as never before, the importance of educating our children. We are realizing that intelligence everywhere is on the increase, and that right knowing is a prerequisite to right doing, and that so long as ignorance and oorruption walk hand in hand to the ballot-box and creep into all our homes and into all our social, political and religious institutions, so long must the sChools and the churches stand guard over American liberty and American interests.


74
The right education of our youth for future usefulness, for life's efficient service, and to prepare thinking, intelligent, upnght citizens for all the public and private stations in a great State, should be the highest ambition of us all, relative to this life, remembering that character is the real end sought, which is the sum total of the dispositions created in the mind mainly by teaching and training and of the habits which manifest themselves in conduct as a direct result.
A right education is the best inheritance parents can leave their children, for knowledge, skill and character, the triune product of the school, stand alike for success, happiness and noble citizenship. Ignorance is the costliest thing in the county, and the county will live in the children of the county as it lives nowhere else. The perpetuity of our homes, and of all our social, political, civil and religious institutions, and our material advancement and growth as a people, and the increase of the taxable wealth of this county, all of these, depend more upon the foundation of the life and character which are now being laid in the public schools of this county than they depend upon everything else combined. Therefore, too much energy, zeal, thought and action can not be bestowed on this one great cause for the elevation and betterment of our people.
Under the Act approved August, 1906, the county board of education has laid out the county into forty-two school districts, which have been mapped and now on exhibit in the Ordinary's office. Under existing difficulties, they did the best they could, and are aware that such a difficult task can not be performed without more or less mistake. But they did the best they could under the circumstances, and endeavored to do justice in every case. All corrections which come to their attention will be corrected in due time.
The board of education and the county school commissioner are making an earnest effort to have at least ten new schoolhous~s built during the year 1907. The matter of schoolhouses has been a grave question with school matters all the past years, but we now have plans of operation by which we expect neat new schoolhouses throughout the county. We r.eed them and need them much, and until we get them the school work can not succeed in a satisfactory way. Weare getting the deeds in the name of the county board of education, and are securing as much land as possible in connection therewith, so as to give opportunity at improvement in various ways in connection with schoolroom work, and for beautifying

75

the school grounds and protecting the beautification with en-

closure.

County institute was held at Mineral Bluff July 9th to 13th,

inclusive, conducted by Mr. W. M. Johnson, of Gainesville,

Ga. The attendance was good, interest deep, work enthusi-

astic and vigorous.

Under the Act approved August 21, 1906, on November

24, 1906, elections were ordered held in the various school dis-

tricts, under rules and regulations prescribed by the county

board of education and those of regular county elections, at

which time elections were held in most of the districts for

school trustees. Several districts failed to hold any election

on said date, and a second election was ordered held for school

trustees in those districts on December 22, 1906, at which time

not all held said election.

Thereupon the board deemed it useless to order further elec-

tions and are proceeding with the school work in a few

districts without the aid of trustees.

.

Local taxation for school purposes is gaining favor through-

out the county, and this we take as being indicative of a deeper

interest in the cause of education; and when the whole county

is dotted with neat new schoolhouses and votes local taxation

for school purposes, we will have done two of the best things

in the history of Fannin county for her children.

FAYETTE COUNTY.
W. N. D. Dixon, County School Commissioner.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
The public schools of Fayette county are doing some good work and making some progress, yet they are far from doing what they should do. Each year we are trying to bring about more hearty co-operation on the part of patrons with the school board of the county.
Many of our rural schoolhouses have recently been made more comfortable, and the patrons are becoming more interested in better schools and school improvement.
Public sentiment in favor of "local taxation" is growing in parts of the county, and I think some of the rural districts will vote on this question this fall. We have the net hire of convicts added to the fund received from the State in this

76

'County, and our teachers are not complaining much about their

salary.

People are more interested in agriculture being taught, and

some of our teachers are making much effort to interest their

pupils and communities in this branch of school work.

The greatest trouble we have is the irregular attendance of

children after their names have been placed on the school roll.

This, in a great measure, grows out of the lack of appreciation

on the part of some parents. We hope to overcome this by

personal appeals from commissioner and teachers.

I think our standard of teachers is improving, and many

of them are making much effort to have their schoolrooms sup-

plied with suitable desks. The enrollment this spring (1907)

is better than last. We will have one week institute the latter

part of June.

'

\Ve have school July and August. This, we think, should

be done away with and let the entire school term come together,

but we can not get the co-operation of the people on this~ The

'Outlook is encouraging for the future, and we hope to see our

people make our public schools what they should ?e.

FLOYD COUNTY.
J. C. King, County School Commissioner.
J REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND DRY.
(Statistics same as given in tabulated part of this report.)
The conformation of the county into school districts, which was approved by the Board of Education last July, gives the 'County 52 white and 27 colored schools.
The school districts were carefully laid off, with the schoolhouse located as near the center as possible, and are clearly shown on maps hanging in the office of the ordinary and the county school commissioner.
There being no colored school districts, the colored children residing in different white school districts are allowed to attend school at the nearest colored schoolhouse.
The white children are not allowed, without obtaining permission from the county school commissioner, to attend school in any district except the one in which they reside.
The advantages of the school district system are (I) a reduc-

77
tion of teachers, thus enabling the commISSIOner to secure better teachers; (2) a decrease of expenses in repairs, construction and equipment of schoolhouses; and (3) giving the commissioner more time to visit and superintend schools. Two school districts, Prospect and Crystal Springs, will be supported by local taxation after this year.
The Board of Education, with the assistance of school communities, built during last year one colored and four white schoolhouses, with an expense of nearly four thousand dollars.
The commissioner, in compliance with the schoolla.}'V, visited, with the exception of two schools, all the schools in the county. The County Contest and Educational Rally at Mobley Park last year was well attended, and showed that teachers and pupils were enthusiastic in the cause of improvement in education. At the combined annual institute of Polk, Floyd and Paulding counties, held at Rockmart, Ga., the teachers received practical and instructive knowledge in pedagogy.
Monthly teachers' meetings are held during the public school session, which are usually well attended by the teachers, and at which special subjects are discussed by them.
Several teachers were quite successful last year in getting up funds for establishing libraries in their schools.
The Board of Education and the commissioner can not, on account of the shortness of the school term and the limited amount of money at command, build up and maintain the rural schools and make the system of education thoroughly effective.
The only plan in my mind for the solution of the system is local taxation to supplement the school fund; but the minds of the people are not yet ready and educated to adopt it. In my candid opinion it is surely coming, and in no distant future will be adopted by every district in the county.
FORSYTH COUNTY.
F. T. Wills, County School Commissioner.
REPORT C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
(Statistics same as reported to State Department.) The length of the public school term in this county for the year 1906 was fixed by the board of education at five months, or one hundred days, to be taught during the months of January, February, March, July, August and September.

78
The law makes it your duty at this term of the court to apply the fund arising from the hire of felony convicts either to the schools or the public roads. Although we have a surplus in the treasury, our school fund is inadequate to secure the service of first-class teachers. Teachers can not afford to teach at the salaries our board is able to pay, the board is handicapped for want of funds and can not pay the salaries asked. In a few instances salaries have been supplemented by the patrons, and we still have a number of experienced teachers in the county, bnt a number have sought other fields where more remunerative salaries are paid, and the exodus increases every year. The board sorely needs the hire of felony convicts, and I respectfully ask your body to seriously consider the educational condition of our county before again applying said fund to the public roads.
FULTON COUNTY.
M. L. Brittain, County School Commissioner.
REpORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY. GENTLEMEN: This month marks the co~pletion of seven years' work on the part of the present commissioner, and perhaps a review of what has been done may prove of value. In that time either by day or night he has spoken in nearly every schoolhouse, church, and public hall within the limits of the 'County, and has urged, perhaps too vehemently in some cases, an equal opportunity with the best for every child. Two campaigns have been conducted for longer terms and better school facilities. The first ended in defeat, but the second resulted in a victory for local tax by a majority of more than ten to one. He has been greatly aided in his efforts from the fact that the board of education, beginning with its former president, Gov.
W. J. Northen, has always given him large liberty of action
and responsibility and supported him in every instance. The people have responded better, perhaps, than could reasonably have been expected. As an illustration, three communities, remote from the city, with less than 100 children all together, built three two-room schoolhouses, costing over $3,000, to take the place of three one-room structures, worth perhaps $100 each. The property is deeded to the county, although the larger part of the money was raised among the patrons of these schools. As hereafter indicated in the detailed report, all

79
the white schools, with three exceptions, are in good condition. These three we expect to improve by the close of another term. Every school for white children is now painted and supplied with the best modern desks.
In the last seven years seventeen schools have been built at a cost of $28,000. For this building the county appropriated $9,000, the rest being secured from the different communities. The county has the deeds to this property and keeps it repaired andinsu~d. Within the last twelve months, using less than $5,000 of the county funds, more than $15,000 has been raised and expended for new buildings and school improvement. This was secured from the patrons of five schools, Ormewood, Stewart Avenue, Morgan Falls, Grove and Faith. By calling on Jifferent communities to aid in building their own schools the Lax rate has been reduced to a minimum, and it has had its advantages in arousing local pride. 'Wherever a man has aided in this improvement a patriotic interest has resulted, while the grumblers have come from those who have helped least or lOt at all. Eight additional teachers have been provided re'_ently and more than 300 new desks bought, and still there is great pressure, particularly at two schools. People are moving into the county every day and where, as with us, almost in a night, real estate companies and manufacturing plants will locate dozens of families, the difficult task of the educational authorities is readily seen. In order that exact conditions may be seen cuts of the ,vhite schools built in recent years are shown in this report.
The following comparison gives an accurate idea of the county schools for the years 1901 and 1907:

1901

1907

Annual income (State fund) .. $1 5,000 (Local tax) $43,000

Value of school property. . . . .. 22,000

51,000

Free school term. . . . . . . . . . . .. Five months. Nine months

Teachers' salaries . . .. . . . . . . .. 10,300

29,000

Paid for new buildings . . . . . . . 600

5,000

Paid for repairs

. . . . . . . . . 100

2,000

\Vith patent desks

Eight schools, all white schools

School gardens . . . . . . . .. . N one.

Ten

.Schoollibraries

Nine.

Twenty-five

Normal class

Five days.

Nine days

Training class

N one.

Ten days

80

The schools have been steadily improving since the founda-
tion work was begun ten years ago by Major R. J. Guinn. Last

year marked the greatest improvement in their history, mainly

due to the aid which came from the local tax through the Mc-

Michael ordinance.

"

In conclusion, I desire to thank those who have been of aid.

First, the teachers, who have, for the most part, labored so

conscientiously and well. More than three-fourths of them

have received either college or normal training. Insome few

cases they have suffered from the narrowest of prejudice. Those

who strive to pull down their schools are a drawback to any

section 'in which they live. In contrast, however, there are

public-spirited citizens found in nearly every community who

can always be depended upon to aid the teacher and school;

who are far-seeing enough to know that such a course helps

them as well as everybody else in the vicinity.

We have always been particularly fortunate in having the sympathy and help of good men. A. p. Stewart and T. M.

Armistead give their commissions on the school taxes; Cap-

tain Tom Donaldson and the county commissioners help us

with the grading; Hon. Hoke Smith has aided in the erection

of three buildings. On one occasion the work on a house had

stopped, the community claiming it could do no more. He

was asked to help and his generous response was, "Complete

the building and send the bill to me." Sympathy and support

like this have gone far to take away the sting of misrepre-

sentation and opposition which ignorance, covetousness and

prejudice have sometimes thrown in the way of this work.

For the assistance of such men, and especially for the never

failing kindness and endorsement of the board of education, I

am most grateful.

J COMMENTS of GRAND DRY.

'vVe were highly pleased with the work of the teachers and pupils of the county schools. The teachers seem alive to their responsibilities and are doing excellent work. The system of reports showing record of every pupil is most complete.
We find the school buildings in first-class condition, and with few exceptions the teachers and pupils showing much interest in the appearance of rooms and grounds, as evidenced by successful effort made at many to provide libraries for the use

81
of the students, pictures in class-rooms, and flower beds, shrubbery, trees, etc., about the school-grounds.
From information gathered we note a disposition.on the part of the patrons of the schools to encourage the teachers and the superintendent in their work, while many seem to appreciate the nine months' free school system inaugurated by Fulton county, and are apparently awake to the importance of an education for their children.
The report from Superintendent Brittain, which is attached, gives detail of enrollment and attendance, and indicates the suqstantial advancement that has been made. It also covers the financial condition, receipts and expenditure, disbursement of funds sent Fulton county by the State Treasurer for I906, which has been verified.
The county is to be congratulated on acquiring so many new school buildings at such little expense-a result largely due to subscriptions made by citizens, patrons of the new schools, through the efforts of Superintendent Brittain. Superintendent Brittain's report shows schoolhouses to the value of $45,70, which dated as of January I, I907. The record now shows a little over $50,000, acquired at a cost of $I2,365 to the county, a condition Fulton county can be proud of. Consolidation of some of the smaller schools is desirable in-one or two instances, along the same line as has been done in other places in the county. A larger room for normal school gatherings at Superintendent Brittain's quarters would be of much benefit, and is recommended. We highly commend the faithful and efficient work done by Superintendent Brittain.
FRANKLIN COUNTY.
J. W. Landnun, County School Commissioner.
REVIEW OF' SCHOOL WORK.
For the purpose of encouraging industrial education in our common schools the board of education is offering certain prizes for I907.
To the boy who raises the most corn on one-half acre of ground will be given a prize of $I5. To the boy who produces the next highest number of Qushels from one-half acre will be given $IO. To the boy who has the greatest yield from one
6 Be

82

stalk will be given $5. These are the conditions: The one-half

acre must be measured by the trustees of the school which

the boy attends, or some competent person whose measurement

the board will accept. The land must be prepared, fertilized

and cultivated by the boy himself. The boy must be a school-

boy, attending the common schools of Franklin during the

year 1907. The corn, when made, gathered and shucked, must

be weighed by the trustees of the school which the boy attends,

the weights sealed up and mailed to me by the trustees. The

boys who enter the stalk contest must have their stalks on

exhibition at Carnesville the day the prizes are awarded. Any

hpy entering the half acre contest may also enter the stalk

contest. Each and every boy who enters these contests must

prepare a paper of three pages or more on corn culture, includ-

ing his experience on the half-acre contest. Those who win

the prizes must read their papers publicly on the day of award-

ing the prizes.

.

To the girl who can best cut anll make a dress will be given $10. In this the grading will not be on the style of the dress,

nor the material from which it is made, but on the skillfulness

of the work in making the garment. The girl who makes for

herself a calico dress has the same chance to win as the girl

who makes a silk one. To the gir1,.. who presents one-half

dozen the most nicely worked buttonholes will be given $5.

To the girl who presents the most perfectly laundered shirt-

waist will be given $5. For the best piece of fancy work will

be given $5. For the best pone of loaf bread will be given

$5 All these articles are to be on exhibition at Carnesville the

day of awarding the prizes. Each article will be numbered,

and the judges will make their decision by number without

knowing to whom they are awarding the prize. A committee

of ladies will be selected to decide in the contest for the girls.

Any girl may enter as many of these contests as she likes.

Each and every girl must prepare a paper of three pages or

more on the article she is contesting with. The winners must

read their papers publicly the day of awarding the prizes.

After corn is gathered in the autumn, probably about the

first of November, it is our purpose to have a great educational

day at Carnesville. Every man, woman and child in the county

is expected to be present with a basket well-filled with the

blessings that reward the honest toil of old Franklin's inc1us-

83

trious men and noble wome~. May the year 1907 bring pros-

perity to our farmers, progress to our schools, and happiness

to our homes.

J. WILL LANDRUM, C. S. C.

GRADY COUNTY.
J. B. Wright, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF' C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
During the year 1906 forty white and twenty-three colored schools were taught in the county, while there were pupils at nine line schools situated in other counties.
The records show that 3,667 pupils attended school during the year, or seventy-one per cent. of the children of school age in the county as shown by the school census of 1903. Of the .above enrollment, 2,235 .were white and 1,432 colored.
The schools were in operation five months of the year, which is all that our school fund justifies.
A teachers' library has been started, which now numbers about 125 well-selected volumes. This is open to every citizen of the county.
The regular teachers' institutes were held as required by law.
The county has been districted by the county board of education in accordance with the provisions of the McMichael bill. There are forty-four of these districts, or an average of only a little more than ten square miles to each district. This is too small a territory to be covered by each school if the best work is to be done in the schools.
The teachers have been fairly efficient; and considering effi,eiency, have been fairly well paid. But we need better schools; and in order to have better schools we must have better teachers and better teachers means better pay.
The two greatest needs of our schools at this time are: (I) Larger schools, requiring the presence of at least two teachers during the whole term. Under this plan much more efficient work can be done. (2) As the State fund is not sufficient to maintain a first-class school in each district without supplemental help from the community, I most earnestly recom-mend that wme plan for securing uniformity in this respect

84
pe adopted. In my opinion the McMichael bill furnishes the
best solution of this difficulty.
REVn:w 01" SCHOOL WORK.
No flew schoolhouses were built during- the year. Some oi them were repaired. Patent desks were added to one.
Nothing substantial was done in tree planting. The supply of teachers was fairly good, most of the schoolshaving been taught in the spring. The work done by the teachers was, I believe, of a little higher order than that of the average country school. 'vVe had several teachers who attended normal schools during the year. A monthly institut~ from February to June was held, and with good results. The interest of parents in the schools was only medium, aswas also the attendance of pupils. There are two regular long term schools in the county, though several others have supplementary terms of varying length. Local taxation was adopted in one district, but failed of operation, owing to Supreme Court decision. A county teachers' library was started. Three schools have libraries of their own. Some progress has been made in grading the schools of the county. A few seventh grade certificates were issued. Specimens of school work have been received from only one school. No county contest. We are a new county, and have many "kinks" to straighten. Our teachers know a little agriculture, and are trying to' teach this:
Problems~
(a) To interest the teachers. (b) To interest the pupils. (c) To interest the parents. Only partially solved by institutes, visiting schools, addresses, etc. Nothing done in consolidation and transportation. All school districts have been laid off. Plans for 1907: (a) Interesting the teachers more in their work. (b) Idem for the students. (c) Touching up the parents directly and through the
local trustees. ( d) Pushing school improvement in each school district_

GREENE COUNTY.
W. A. Parks., 'County School Commissioner.
REpORT of C. S. C. '1'0 GRAND JURY.
Number of white schools in the county, twenty-five and two county-line schools. Of these schools five run for eight and nine months, eight for six and seven months and the remainder for five months.
N umber white teachers holding first-grade licenses, nineteen; second, seven, and third, four. The male teachers who have the management of the large schools are paid salaries ranging from $60 to $75 per month. All first-grade female teachers :are paid $40 per month, and in a few instances where the -schools are large they are paid $45 per month. The price paid -second and third grade teachers varies with the size and grade <Of the school from $25 to $35. We find it difficult to get experienced first-grade teachers to go very far out in the country .districts to teach even a $40 per month school. This is due in part to the failure of patrons to supplement the public school fund so as to run the schools for more than five months, hence these country schools have, as a rule, the inferior teachers, but this is no fault of the board, and the responsibility rests -on the citizens of these districts or the county as a whole.
Total number of white children to enter our schools, 1,208; {he total number of school age, as shown by the census of 1903, is 1,324, which shows 116 who did not enter the schools in 1906.
This does not include the children of Greensboro and Union Point, which have 422, making 1,746 total white children in 1903. The per cent. enrolled is ninety-one, the average attendance is seventy per cent. of the enrollment. Since the adoption of the course of study as arranged by State School ..commissioner W. B. Merritt, we have been striving to grade our schools and have succeeded in accomplishing this as nearly -as possible where the attendance is irregular.
In first, second and third grades we have 558, in fourth and ,fifth 420, in sixth 164, and seventh 66 pupils.
It also becomes my duty to report on the working of the .colored schools.
The total number of colored children in the county in 1903

86
was 3,847, the number to enter the schools in 1906 was 2,550, average attendance, 1,409. Amount paid to colored teachersis $3,513.60. These schools cost something over two hundred dollars more this year than last, due to the action of the board in granting more negro schools after the contracts had been made. These new schools were granted by the board on the recommendation of white citizens in these communities, as the colored people are inclined to locate around points adjacent to schools and churches.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We are gratified at the report of the county school commissioner, from which we glean the following facts which may be of general interest: There are twenty-five white schools in the county and two line schools. Of these five run eight to nine months, eight run six to seven months and the rest five months. Of the white teachers nineteen hold first grade license; seven second grade, and four third grade. The enrollment of white children in the public schools of the county last year was 1,630, being 9 I per cent. of the children of school age as shown by the census of 1903. The colored children of school age in 1903 numbered 3,847. The enrollment last year was 2,550,
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
Building and equipping schoolhouses has not received the attention it deserves; there is a marked interest shown in keeping the school grounds neat and inviting.
In most instances the planting of trees near the schoolhouses has been attended to, where the original growth did, not supply this need.
All the schools of the county were supplied with teachers who sought to discharge these duties well, manifesting pride and interest in their work. Our institute held in the summer was well attended, being ably and impressively conduded by
Prof. E. J. Robeson.
There is an evident increase in interest on the part of parents, which can be seen in the average attendance, it qeing on the increase and also by the effort of parents to make longer terms by supplementing the public fund in some way, either by sub.scription or voting to tax themselves.

87
Since the passage of the Act providing for local taxation there have been up to January, 1907, three elections held, two carried for local taxation, the other lost by only one or two votes.
We need arousing on the subject of school libraries. The progress of grading the school work of the county is gratifying when we consider the difficulties that every teacher of a country school is more or less subj ected to. We did not issue many certificates, but some of the examination papers were very fine, showing thoroughness in the school work. Agriculture has not received the attention desired by the school authorities, due mainly to lack of interest on the part of patrons. The great problem which needs most consideration for the betterment of the schools of Greene is the securing sufficient funds to establish long term schools in our county districts. Local taxation is our only recourse; we have sought to put these schools in a position to avail themselves of this remedy but only in a few instances have they done so. There is great opposition to consolidation and transportation. Our board has complied with the law in regard to laying off districts as near as conditions will allow. Our plan for making 1907 effective for the progress of educational work in Greene county is to take advantage of everything that presents itself, that will tend to put our schools on a good substantial financial basis, without which nothing can have very permanent prosperity or success.
HABERSHAM COUNTY.
C. W. Grant, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
The school term for 1906 was I IO days. The enrollment and average attendance, according to our school population, show a steady and healthy increase over past years.
Habersham county for 1906 was blessed with a strong, wellqualified teaching force, who opened wide the doors for the children.
New and greatly improved school buildings are to be seen all over the county, which loudly speak of our general educational advancement.

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On the salarry basis, adopted by our board of education, all the schools, even in rural communities, run for the full term.
We have many reasons to be proud of our every school and I should be glad to speak of each, but time and space forbid. But I beg of you time to speak of our long term high schoolsThe Industrial School at Baldwin, the Normal Institute at Cornelia, Piedmont College at Demorest, Clarkesville High School at Clarkesville, and the schools at Turnerville and Providence are all doing an untold good within the borders of our county.
One more great institution has just been located in our county-the Agricultural School of the ninth congressional district.
We confidently look ahead for glorious results to this congressional district, and especially to the county, from the locating of this school in Habersham, and trust that it will be your pleasure to commend such measures as will work to the founding and equipment of the same.
HANCOCK COUNTY.
M. L. Duggan, County School Commissioner.
J COMMENTS OF GRAND DRY.
By our request Hon. M. L. Duggan,county school commissioner, came before us and gave us some facts and statistics as to the condition of the public schools in the county, bearing especialiy upon the effect of the local taxation under the McMichael law, adopted by this county about one year ago.
In view of the fact that there was some opposition to this law because it was thought by some of our citizens that the children from the country districts could not be spared from the farms to attend school for a longer time than the five or six months already provided for by the State and that therefore many taxpayers would fail to receive any benefit from an extension of the school term. It is gratifying for us to note that referring only to the white schools of the county, the reports show an increased enrollment of IO per cent., while the average daily attendance for the entire eight months under "local taxation" was six per cent. greater than during the five . or six months school year previous to "local taxation." This

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would seem to show that the children can be spared from the farm at least eight months in order to attend school.
Our year's experience under "local taxation" means that six per cent. more of our white children attend school regularly, and that the term is increased in time by thirty per cent. besides other benefits.
The school reports also show that the greatest increase in average daily attendance was in sections where there was greatest opposition to "local taxation", and that in the only district where there was great opposition the enrollment had increased twenty-five per cent. and the average attendance forty per cent.
We wish to express our appreciation of the efforts made by so many of our citizens, which resulted in obtaining for our county the tenth district Agricultural School, and to approve the action of our county commissioners in pledging the county in the sum of $50,000 in order to secure this school in competition with other counties bidding for its location. We wish also to commend the fifty or more public-spirited citizens who endorsed the notes of the county in order to raise the necessary funds for this purpose.
HARALSON COUNTY.
John W. White, County School Commissioner.
J COMMENTS 01" GRAND DRY.
We find the county school commissioner's books neatly and correctly kept; there is more interest taken. in schools of the county, which speaks well for the county and commissioner.
We recommend that the funds derived from the State convict hire be applied to the public schools.
(Report of C. S. C. to grand jury same as mcWe to State Dep,artment. )
HARRIS COUNTY.
T. L. Thomason, County School Commissioner.
J REpORT 01" C. S. C. TO GRAND DRY.
The work being done is very satisfactory and IS all that

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could be expected under the circumstances. Some of the schoolrooms are not supplied with good blackboards and no provision is made for fuel and the children have to build fires out of such material as they can find, and on damp, cold days it is impossible to keep comfortable. Much valuable time is lost in trying to get fuel to make fires and trying to keep warm. The paint has worn off of what is called the blackboard until you could not make a distinct mark with a piece of chalk, if you could find the chalk. How can school work be carried on under such circumstances? Such conditions are very trying and discouraging to a teacher.
With very little trouble and expense the patrons could provide good dry fuel, good blackboards and crayons. Some of the schoolrooms are comfortabJe and attractive, the walls being adorned with good mottoes and portraits of distinguished characters-a good library for the use of the pupils. In such schools the very best results are obtained. Patrons should see that every schoolhouse in the county is thus equipped. It would be the best investment that they could make.
'There seems to be a disposition among the patrons, at least among some of them, not to want to contribute anything towards educating their children; this is "penny wise and pound foolish". They should supplement the public fund and make their schoolhouses and grounds comfortable and attractive and not expect the teachers to work for what the public pays, but see that the teacher is well paid and is not overworked and is furnished an assistant when needed. Teachers generally do more work and receive less pay than any other class. We need schoolrooms well furnished, a library for each school and good teachers well paid. To supply this need patrons must pay something.
There are twenty-six white and thirty-seven colored schools in the county. Two scholarships are offered b~ the Western Reserve Uiliversity, Cleveland, 0., to the young men of the State. These scholarships will be awarded by competitive examination held about the last of June at the same time the examination of applicants for license to teach is held. I have not been informed on what subjects this examination will be based. I hope some Harris county boy will secure one of these scholarships. The teachers have given more interest than usual to the examination of the seventh grade and more certificates have been awarded, this year, than in any previous

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year. These examinations are sent out, by the State school commissioner, and every pupil making an average of eighty per cent. is entitled to a certificate. If the teachers will call the attention of the seventh grade pupils to this feature at the beginning of the school and encourage them to prepare for these annual examinations and see that applicants for these certificates do not receive, from any source, any information, much good will result therefrom.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We find that the books of our county school commissioner are neatly and correctly kept, that he has a voucher for every claim audited, and a receipt for each amount paid out. We think he has been economical, painstaking and energetic, and justly deserves the hearty cooperation of each and every citizen of the county interested in the great cause of education,. to which so many of our citizens seem to be indifferent.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
The schools of the county are better equipped for work than at any time in the past. With few exceptions our schoolrooms are very comfortable. There is great need of school libraries and efforts are being made to place a library in every school and we are glad to 'state that the patrons are manifesting more interest on this line. The number of long term schools have been increased and are more appreciated by the patrons. The grand juries have given the hire of convicts , to the educational fund and it has enabled the board of education to do much more for the long term schools. A number of our schools are in operation nine months of the year and several run six and seven months. I think the number of nine month$ schools will be increased in the near future?
The attendance upon our annual institute is very good and considerable interest is taken by the teachers, showing that they are anxious to avail themselves of every opportunity that will prepare them for the work of the schoolroom.
The interest in the seventh grade examinations is increasing and the patrons are manifesting more interest in them. One teacher writes that her pupils are encouraged and aroused' more from this source than from any other. The examination; papers of the seventh grade pupils of 1907 are unusually good.,

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1 had the grand jury to inspect their work and believe that :more interest will be taken in these examinations next year.
Agriculture is not receiving the attention that it should, but we are stressing its importance. While there is room for im,.. provement I am not discouraged but am satisfied that good seed are being sown and that the school interest of the county is steadily growing.
HEARD COUNTY.
Hope H. Cook, County School Commissioner.
(The grand jury published the school commissioner's report as part of their presentment, but made no comments on matters pertaining to education.)
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
The progress of our schools in Heard county for 1906 has 'been very satisfactory.
There has been more active work done in the way of equip~ 'ping, repairing and building better schoolhouses than for some time, and our people are becoming more interested, and enthusiastic in educational matters -for the htenefit of the children of the county. Our teachers as a whole, seemingly have "Worked more faithfully, and our pupils have studied and labored more earnestly for educational advancement than l1sual, though I feel if we could have had more cooperation of the patrons, teachers, and pupils, our schools would have 'been much better, and we hope the day is not far distant when -this will materialize.
While our teachers are well enough paid for the time they are engaged in the sshoolroom, yet if we could be able to pay them more promptly at end of each month, it would be an inducement for better work, and would arouse more interest in the cause, all of which would produce and result in more :good to our school children, besides it would be an inducement for better teachers and more improvedmethods.
Our county has been laid off into school districts as the law requires, though the cause of local taxation for schools is progressing very slowly.
Our people have not as yet seen the good it would bring, -or the advantage and beauty that would result from it. Up

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to the present we have but one district in the county unde. local taxation, though there are some prospects of a few more being established during 1907.
Our schools for the new year have had a bright beginning and are moving on nicely.
While we have been a little scarce of good and competent teachers for some of the schools of our county, yet we hope to avoid this in the future by a change of system in such a manner that will be an incentive for better teachers and better work, and one of these means will be prompter pay.
We hope in our plans for the year to be able to arouse a spirit of cooperation among our people for educational advancement; this being done, there is nothing that will hinder the progress of our cOlUlty in keeping abreast with the foremost.
We have bright, industrious, and intelligent children in thecounty, and all they need to make them useful citizens to themselves and to their country is proper training, and proper instruction, and this we hope to accomplish by having good and: competent teachers, supplemented by better and prompter pay, and this I believe will help materially in solving it.
IRWIN COUNTY.
J. W. Weaver, County School Commissioner.
REVIEw OF SCHOOL WORK.
The school work of Irwin county for the past year, and' at present, has been and is very encouraging, though there have been and are now a great many discouraging features, should one consider them as such, in the work.
We have, as you know, been troubled with the creation of new counties and the tearing up of our board of education, which has been very demoralizing to the work. We hoPe' these troubles will soon be a thing of the past.
We have thirty-six white and sixteen negro schools, of which eighty per cent is now running with the best teacheriobtainable under the circumstances. Our county is laid off in sub-districts with well-defined lines.
We have carried two districts for local taxation, have started a few libraries and are building new houses and furnishing

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them with up-to-date desks as fast as our means will warrant. There is a growing qemand, in Irwin county, for better and
longer term schools, for better teachers and school facilities, but the lack of money presents itself in every case. For these troubles I have presented local. taxation as a safe and sure remedy, and I feel assured from reports received from every section of the county, that with the proper work at the right time we will put old Irwin in the local taxation column ere this year will have past.
The enrollment for our present term is extremely large.
JACKSON COUNTY.
R. D. Moore, County School Superintendent.
REPORT C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
(Statistics same as reported to State Department.) I stated in a supplementary report made to the grand jury, February term, 1906, that $58.61 of 1904 apportionment was still in the hands of the State School Commissioner, pending a ruling of the attorney-general in regard to the above-named amount claimed by the city of Russell, near Winder. The claim was not allowed, and was paid with the remaining balance from 1905, making a total of $1,557.9, minus $95.46, as explained in the last report. A map of Jackson county will be completed and filed with the ordinary during this term of court. The county has been cut into forty-seven school districts. The work has been tedious and troublesome. Several school districts are anxious to vote for local taxation under the McMichael Act. The rural schools are now on par with the city schools, so far as having an opportunity of levying a local tax for school purposes. It is the intention of the board of education to secure a sufficient number of petitions to call an election for local taxation for the county some time during the spring or early summer. Jackson county's apportionment of the public school fund for 1907, is $19,771.95, based on the 1903 school census, which gives the county 7,815 children of school age. The amount per capita is $2.53. Three new schoolhouses were begun and nearly completed during the year, namely: Maysville school, $13,000; Statham, about $8,000 or $10,000; Mul-

95
berry, about $1,000 or $1,200. In several school districts efforts are being made to build handsome schoolhouses during the present year, and they will be built, for the right kind of men are behind the movement.
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this February 12, 1907.
J. N. Ross, Ordinary.
JENKINS COUNTY.
W. V. Lanier, County School Commissioner.
REPORT C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
In the Acts of the Legislature of Georgia of 1887, page 8 I, you will find the following:
"It shall be the duty of the county school commissioner of each county of this State to make a report of the school operations of the preceding year to the grand jury at the spring term of the court and to place his books before them for exatfr ination; and in making up the general presentment it shall be the duty of 'the jury to take proper notice of the matters brought to their attention."
As you are aware, the territory comprising Jenkins county was the corners of four old counties, remote from the countysites and, apparently, the school interests had been sadly neglected.
The interest in school matters in the several communities, as a rule, was no greater than had been manifested by the authorities of the old counties.
Perplexing questions presented themselves and the solutions were by no means obvious.
First. Our boundaries were unsettle<;l. Second. Our school population was an unknown quantity. Third. The apportionment of school funds, to which we were entitled could not be determined until these things were settled. Fourth. The question of the balances in the State treasury to the credit of the school fund of the old counties at the close of the year 1905 should have been divided equitably but there was no law compelling such division. Fifth. The division of the fund arising from the convict hire of the felon convicts, which forms no mean proportion

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of the school fund, was not provided for and we were unable to compel a division, as the law was not framed to tover the
case. Sixth. The fact that your commissioner was thoroughly un~
acquainted with the physical condition of the county and the location of the established schools were matters of no little concern to him.
Seventh. The fact that all the old counties had different rules for the government of their schools, for the length of term they should run, and the manner in which the teachers should be paid, and the fact that nearly all the contracts for 1906 had been made by the old commissioners prior to our term of office was confusing to teachers and embarrassing to the commissioner.
To overcome these difficulties and to awaken a livelier interest in education have been the tasks that have confronted us.
When the county bounda"ries were settled and a satisfactory adjustment of the school population was reached the question of appropriation was easily settled.
Two bills were passed by the last session of the Legislature that settled the division of the surplus and the division of the convict hire.
The sixth difficulty required considerable travel throughout the county and a thorough study of the conditions.
The hearty cooperation of the teachers and the cordial reception by the people in the different communities rendered this seeming task a real pleasure and we soon found ourselves in possession of a mental map of the school locations.
Your board of education wisely solved the seventh difficulty to which we have referred by deciding to give to all the schools the longest term provided by any of the old counties, viz.: six months, and to pay the salaries that had been promised by the old boards making the contracts.
Some uneasiness was felt by the teachers as to when they would receive the remuneration promised them for their labors.
The board very wisely settled this by instructing the commissioner to negotiate loans sufficient to pay the salaries of teachers when due and the year closed finding that only two teachers in the county had not received all their pay and this was because they had not complied with the law.
We found there was not a schoolhouse in the county owned

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by the board of education, and only two houses outside of the town that were really comfortable.
In several instances the buildings were not large enough to accommodate the pupils when the laws of health are regarded, and in no cases were the surroundings attractive so as to make school-going a pleasure. We report with some pride that there are only a few schoolhouses in the county where the physical condition has not been improved, but a great deal remains to be done to make the conditions ideal in any locality.
Two sites containing five acres have been secured by the board and two reasonably comfortable houses have been constructed.
Blackboards and globes have been bought for those schools that were in a condition to take reasonably good care of the school apparatus. There is a great awakening all over the county along educational lines, and as a result the enrollment of white children for the first two months of this year is a little in excess of the whole of last year.
N ow, gentlemen, I have complied with the law on my part and it becomes your duty by the same law to review my work and make such recommendations as in your wisdom will be to the best interests of the children of this county.
Permit me to insist that you do not content yourselves with merely passing a resolution complimentary to the commissioner if you should deem him worthy of it, or of censure if you should find he deserves it, but take this all-important question under serious consideration and make recommendations that mean somethz~ng and recommendations that you are willing to exert yourselves to make realities.
Consider well the question of school improvement and give the humble beginning that has been made your endorsement and, as you come from the various sections of our county, pledge yourselves that so far as possible you will lead your community to the front educationally.
Consider the agricultural interests and resolve that you will have your children receive an agricultural education that they may be better farmers than it was your privilege to be.
Consider the matter of local taxation and resolve that as soon as the material improvements of the county are completed we will have schools nine months in the year.
Let me ask you earnestly to resolve that in the future you
?se

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will do more and think more for the education of your chil-

dren.

~

In conclusion allow me to insist that in the inspection of my books and accounts your duty shall be with such dili-

gence that you will be able to speak' with authority and not

as a supposition, should it ever become necessary for you to

do so.

COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.

It affords us much pleasure to report on the work done by our county school commissioner and the great progress he is having in his educational matters. We congratulate the school board and the citizens of Jenkins county on having such an efficient officer, and we recommend to the citizens of J enkins county that when the school districts are laid out the several districts take under consideration the matter of extending the school term to eight months in the rural districts, the necessary funds to be raised as provided by the recent bill providing for local taxation and that a vote be taken on this matter at the earliest possible moment.

REVIEW OF SCHOOL W 0RK.
When I came into office as county school commissioner my first work was to acquaint myself with the people and the conditions in the county. I knew very few of the people and nothing of the conditions.
I shall take up the schools where any material improvement has been made and review the work in detail.
The school at Centerville was a house 14"XI6", accommodating thirty-six pupils. It had two windows and one door. There was no ceiling and all the material was rough, even the floor. The people were and are very poor. I told them what they needed, and we went to work to get it. A good location was selected, titles to two acres of ground on a beautiful oak hill were secured. The county board appropriated $100. Re suIt, a splendid house 23"x34", constructed of the best c1res':'cc1 material, eight windows fitted with sash, good blackboard twenty feet long, house ceiled overhead, forty-four pupils comfortable and happy. Outlook: During the present year we expect to fence the grounds, add a piazza, paint the house, and vote local tax.
Dry Branch: We found a house with rough ceiling and

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floor, wide cracks in both; uncomfortable desks, blinds nailed

in so the house could not be well light~d on dark day,>.

Progress:- Old floor taken out and replaced with a new,

well-fitted, dressed floof; the ceiling driven up and all the

walls papered (not a good idea, but the best we could do

there), board donated $50, house fitted with new, comfortabl<:

desks, blinds on hinges. Outlook; A good fence and beautiful

grounds.

Long Branch: When we found this school a rough house

was in course of construction. Progress; Three acres of 1and-

donated, board appropriated $50, house completed and ceiled

throughout. Outlook: Nothing definite but the summer will

tell a tale in that locality.

Perkins: At the beginning of 1906 there was no school

'interest and hard to keep a teacher. Progress; Just closed

six months term with two teachers, a library in sight. Out-

look: Better house and more lively school interest.

Fair Haven: Here we found the best conditions to exist

that we found in the county, and very good school building

well ceiled and fairly well seated. Progress: A library started.

Outlook: Nothing definite owing to the thinly settled com-

munity.

.

Thrift : We found almost no house, a little woman teaching

fifty-nine children, a thoroughly indifferent school sentiment,

a people who seemed to think it was the duty of the county to

furnish a teacher that would "take up school" and teach as

long as the county would pay for it. Progress: Instead of

six months and depending on the county to pay the teacher, a

first-class male teacher has been employed for nine months

and what the county fails to pay the patrons pay, $202.5;

an assistant furnished by the county six months; $900 raised

to build a new schoolhouse; a lively school interest. Outlook:

A good two-room schoolhouse finished and painted and nine

months of school every year.

Lewis: We found a fa.irly good unceiled house; people con-

tent with six months term. Progress: Board donated $50,

house ceiled throughout, a new stove, window shades on roll-

ers (before there were no shades or curtains except to one

window), pictures on the walls, a first-class teacher for eight

months this year. Outlook: A piazza and grounds improved

and house painted. nine months next year, with local tax.

Norwood: We found nothing here-even worse than that-

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for there was the hull of a house that was in the way of building a better. Progress: A lively school interest and lumber sawed to build a good house. Outlook: One of the best schools in the county.
Kent: Here, perhaps, is the community of greatest progress. I was informed that two months was as long as a school could be run in this community and my first teacher remained there just two months. We have just closed a successful six months' term there and the people have learned that the way to run the school is not to run it too much. This school will be moved this summer to a more central location.
Rooty Branch: Since I began this review one of the patrons has come to the office and told me they have raised $400 to build a schoolhouse. It almost gave me a spasm, and I said to myself the day of miracles has certainly returned.
Other schools in the county have remained very nearly as I found them; some from a chronic indifference and some because the schools were not properly located and feeling that any improvement would be money wasted, as the schools were likely to be moved. In this they were correct.
JOHNSON COUNTY.
L. M. Blount, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We have examined the books and papers of the county school commissioner's office, and find them neatly and correctly kept, and also said officer has accounted for every dollar of the funds of this office as the law requires. This office has a neat set of books.
Entered in itemized statements from teachers itemized statements to State by county school commissioner, both corresponding, $9,585.19. Received from State by county school commissioner, $9,586.19; appropriations for 1906, $9,500.92; to State treasurer from 195, to April, 1906, $730.93-Total$10,231.85. Per county~choolcommissioner's books and State school commissioner to grand jury, $646.66.

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J01:'{ES COUNTY.
E. W. Sammons, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
In examination of the county school commissioner's books we find that he received last year $9,568.81 and said amount was paid out as verified by vouchers, etc., and for the present year he has received the first payment from the State commissioner the sum of $2,221 and has paid out $1,988, leaving a balance on hand of $233. His itemized accounts against each teacher impressed us that it contributed in making plain his payments to teachers. We feel the county is fortunate in having so efficient and trustworthy an officer. The following report as presented to our body by the county school commissioner is so full of information to the public that we make it a part of our general presentments, and request that it be published along with same. Especially do we endorse that portion of his paper relative to local taxation.
REPORT OF C. S. C. '1'0 GRAND JURY.
(Statistics same as reported to State Department.) We believe that as good work was done in the schools as at any previous time; that we had as good and as competent a corps of teachers as ever; but it is a recognized fact that no class of teachers can do the work needed to be done in a short space of five months a year, the time we can run our school with the amount of money we have to use. The term should be extended at least to seven or eight months. In nine communities, by private subscription, the term was extended from two to four months longer at a cost of $720. But many could not pay the tuition and the schools did not enroll more than half . the number enrolled during the public term. The children would have attended, but their parents could not pay the cost. Shall we leave the poor children to suffer such neglect? No, no, let us have local taxation so that every child ~an have the benefit of an extended term. Local taxation is the only solution. We may not expect to receive much more than at present from the general State funds. Already we are now receiving seven or eight thousand dollars more in pensions to our old

102
soldiers and to the school fund than we are paying taxes into the State. Others will not help us more. We can help ourselves. Besides the railroads of the county would pay onethird of whatever tax might be levied. We have a splendid opportunity, at small cost to ourselves, to put our schools in a prosperous condition if we would use it. The people are asking the ordinary to order an election for local taxation. They want it, they are seeing the necessity of it. They will not cease to ask till it is obtained.
A year ago there were thirty-eight children from this county seeking high school and collegiate advantages outside of the county at an expense to their parents of not less than six or seven thousand dollars. We need a high school at some central place in the county. Already we are spending more than' it would take to maintain a good high school at nome. Besides keeping the money spent abroad at home, 200 other children might have received, with the same money, the same advantage that it cost the thirty-eight to go abroad.
Gentlemen, the people of Jones are already spending more money voluntarily upon a few school children than local taxation would cost that 900 children might be helped. This is an age of educational awakening. Others are moving forward. Let us fall into line. Let us not stand still.
LAURENS COUNTY.
J. T. Smith, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
(Statistics same as reported to State Department.) The County Board of Education, in accordance with the requirements of the late school laws, has divided our county into fifty-nine school districts, making eighteen districts on the east side of the river and forty-one on the west. In making the new districts, the board preserved as many of the old school sites as it could and at the same time carry out the
requirements of the law providing for the division of the
county into school districts. In some instances it became necessary to make new school
sites, and in others to discontinue some of the old schools. This has brought about considerable dissatisfaction in some parts of the county, and so there is in some places more or

103
less fridion in the operation of the schools. But, after all, I believe there is more interest manifested in education now than has been heretofore, and it is to be sincerely hoped that much real good will result from that interest.
The people are taking more interest in their schoolhouses and school grounds, and they are building b,etter houses than perhaps ever before in this county. This is one of the best indications of real progress, because it is impossible to have the best schools unless we have good, comfortable school buildings well furnished.
Three districts in the county voted in favor of local taxation for school purposes last year, but just before the time for the collection of the school tax, even a.fter all preparations had been made for that purpose, the county school commissioner was notified by the State School Commissioner that because the railroads could not be compelled to pay last year no other peFsons could be forced to pay the school tax for 1906 in Laurens county; so there was no school tax collected, or what little was collected was ordered refunded to the payers. It is to be hoped that there will be nothing in the way of collecting the - school tax for 1907.
Most of the schools of the county have commenced the session for the year 1907 with good prospects of success. One of the greatest difficulties with which we have had to contend is securing teachers. There seems to be a greater demand than usual for competent teachers. It seems that in times of financial prosperity the supply of teachers is small.
Another matter to which I beg leave to call your attention, is the fact that the county commissioners of roads and revenues have ordered that the county school commissioner vacate the room designed, built, and so long used as the county school commissioner's office, in favor of the recently elected county treasurer. I have not yet vacated the office, but have requested that the commissioners of roads and revenues reconsider their action in this matter, on the ground that the law, at least, leaves it optional with the county officials as to whether they shall furnish the county school commissioner an office or not.
I believe the commissioners of roads and revenues acted uncler the impression that the law compels them to furnish the -:ounty treasurer an office in the courthouse, even if they had to c1isfurnish the county school commissioner for this purpose.

104
I do not believe there is a single member of the county commissioners that would unnecessarily and willfully deprive the county school commissioner and the County Board of Education of an office in the courthouse.
The law does not require the county treasurer to occupy a room in the courthouse, but says he must have his office in the courthouse or within a mile of the county site.
In reference to the county school commissioner, the law says, in substance, that the county officials shall furnish hini an office in the courthouse, provided there is room when all the county officers have been supplied. (See sections 459 and 1375 of the Code of Georgia, vol 1.)
These two sections seem to make it just as binding on the county officials to furnish an office for the county school commissioner as for the county treasurer. A reasonable and sensible construction to put on these two laws is that the county is to furnish an office for the county treasurer, either in the courthouse or within one mile of it, and that it is the duty of the county officials to furnish also an office for the county school commissioner, and, furthermore, that this office is to be in the courthouse, if there is room when the other county officials have been supplied, but certainly an office somewhere.
N ow, I do not wish to do anything unreasonable or obstinate or that is either morally or legally wrong, but I consider that there is no secular or material interest more important than the education of the children of the county, and I wish to be true and faithful to tne cause which I represent, to the hundreds of, bright boys and. girls all over this grand old historic county, and I have called your attention to this matter of an attempt to deprive the county school commissioner of an office in the courthouse in order that you might make such recommendations as you in your wisdom might deem just and proper under the circumstances.
I herewith present to your honorable body three copies of the report of the State School Commissioner for the year 1905, which I hope you will carefully examine. I call your special attention to the report from Laurens county, commencing on page 78 of the State School Comniissioner's Annual Report.
The sympathy and co-operation of the grand jury and of all the good citizens of the county in behalf of the proper education of our boys and girls are most respectfully and earnestly solicited.

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HISTORY OF THE POPLAR SPRINGS INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL,
On October I, 1906, the first industrial school in Laurens county opened at Poplar Springs, eight miles from Dublin, Georgia.
Misses Claude Martin and Emma Perry took up the work with twenty-three pupils. The enrolment reached sixty before the session closed, but there are a score more in reach of the school who should have the advantages offered. School averaged thirty-six for eight months.
Some months before school opened, through the instrumentality of the teachers, a Rural School Improvement Club was organized. Soon after this the club met with several gentlemen of the community, numbering in all forty people, and the house was cleaned, window panes put in, stumps were pulled, and rubbish hauled out.
Soon a new cottage in which to teach woodwork and cooking was begun.
The teachers met later; put up blackboards, arranged and mended brol$:en seats. Windows were washed after school opened by teachers and pupils.
OUR PURPOSE.
We propose to build a school which tends to uplift the whole community and shall be duplicated by other sections of the county; to provide a course of training which shall be as good as that of the city, and thus keep the country boys and girls at home where they may not become contaminated. with the vice and crowded conditions of the cities.
We believe, like Professor Dewey, that the school spould be the social center of the community, and our school has become just that. We are trying to make it the most attractive spot in the community. The patrons fenced the grounds, and teachers and pupils laid off flower beds. Friends gave flowers, and we have had blooming plants all along. 'vVe have decorated the walls with the Perry pictures at a small cost.
THE LIBRARY.
We gave two delightful entertainments for the benefit of our library. Raised during the year by entertainments and gifts about $40, with which we purchased books and a bookcase. Have one hundred and fifty books now. They have

Poplar Springs School Buildings. Laurens County. School Gardening, Poplar Springs School.

A Corner in the School Shop, Popl~r Springs School. Cooking Room, Poplar Springs School.

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reached almost every home in the community, and have been a source of' joy to those who used them. We organized a Literary Society, which met at the school twice each month, and proved beneficial to those who could not go to school. Next year we shall have the society meet during an afternoon instead of night. REGULAR WORK DONE BY PUPILS DURING THE YEAR 1906-7.
All grades have taken the literary course as mapp,ed out by out State School Commissioner.

ADDITIONAL COURSES.
All grades from first through eighth have been taught painting, drawing, sewing (including basketry), elementary agriculture, nature study.
The girls in the four upper grades have been given lessons once each week in cooking. The boys in the four upper grades have been given lessons once each week in woodwork.

LITERATURE.
As a supplement to the regular course, we have laid particular stress upon literature. \Ve have had story-telling in all grades. The children have enjoyed it all, and have gone home to tell the stories to the brothers and sisters who did not attend school.
The upper grades took the American authors and read sketches of lives of the most prominent. They have also read the works and memorized a good many selections. A good _ deal of this reading was clone 2t home. \Ve also have a Bible study course in all grades. Have lessons three times a week.

l\IT:SIC.

The musical advantages "re 25 good as any rural school

ever had. Professor Hodnett is our teacher, and is master of

his profession.

.

SCHOOL GARDEN.

Our school garden has been well begun, but we were late in getting it fenced, so can not hope to do much before fall. Have flowers, vegetabies and corn planted.

NEEDS OF THE SCHOOL.
We need $500 to be used for the erection of a cottage to be

109
used' as a home for teachers, and to help pay the salary of an extra teacher. Next year we shall have a great many more pupils, and patrons have agreed to build another classroom. Three teachers are needed to carry on the industrial work properly, and they need to live at the school.
We need more books in our library. We need a piano. We need the encouragement and support of strong, influential friends.
WHAT PATRONS HAVE DONE.
They built a two-room building at a cost of $1,000; an industrial cottage at a cost of $300; cleared and fenced the grounds; bought an acre of ground for a garden at a reasonable price; bought two stoves, which cost $17; helped the library fund; upheld and paid the teachers; paid an entrance fee of 50 cents; paid the shop and kitchen fees.
They also made two unsuccessful fights for local tax.
LIBERTY COUNTY.
J. B. Martin, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF SCHOOL WORK.
The progress of school work has been very commendable. Our high school building is finished and occupied, with an enrollment of 137 pupils and four teachers. Four others hav;e taught long-term schools. Ludowici has voted for local taxation. We have laid off our county in school districts. We have built one schoolhouse.
We have one library of about fifty volumes. We have made some progress of grading the school work in our county. We believe in consolidation and transportation. We hope to get parents interested in the education of their children.

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LINCOLN COUNTY.
N. A. Crawford, County School Commissioner.
(Extract from letter, April 4th.) "The grand jury made no recommendations or suggestions touching school matters. They said they had no time to hear from me on school matters, but took my report. They said they were ,willing to take my word for its correctness. No grand jury has ever examined my books, though the law is positive that they should do so."
REVIEW OF SCHOOL \VORK.
As to schoolhouses, I think Lincoln will compare favorably with any county in the State. While some of the houses are not very showy, they are comfortable, with good seats, desks and blackboards.
Every schoolhouse in the county is well provided with shadetrees. Most of them are built in forests.
Most of our teachers are above an average. Parents are taking more interest in the education of their children than I have ever known, and the attendance will be larger than heretofore. \Ve do not' hold monthly institutes: it is not practicable to do so here; teachers can't get conveyance and many are too far off to walk. About libraries, I am ashamed of our condition. We have none. But we are going to have them. vVhen our new district trustees are elected, which will be on the 30th of March, our schools will all close about the middle of April, and it shall be my business to get libraries ih every white school. I held a contest on 15th of March, or, rather contests, one in spelling from Swinton's \VorcI Book, one from spelling in Webster's Abridged Dictionary, and one for the best reader. I gave three five-dollar prizes in the way of gold medals to the wmners. This will do a great deal of good. Our school board will furnish $30 next year for prizes, and I will give $10 to the boy that writes the best article on farming, $10 to the girl that writes the best composition, and $10 to the best speller, boy or girl, under twelve. If this don't wake our teachers up, fir~ won't.

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Agriculture has not received the attention it ought to. The school districts have been laid off, and are in the Ordinary's office. They have occasioned a good deal of profanity-but that is quite natural. I am preparing a county map showing school districts. I am making arrangements to have Commissioner Adams, of Newton, run our annual institute. He will make a good expert. Can't say when we hold the institute. I have left that to Mr. Adams. Lincoln is holding her own in the cause of education; only twelve illiterates of school age among whites at the last"census, and hope to have none at the next. Weare sending a host of young school teachers all over Georgia-and recollect, Dr.
J. L. M. Curry, Otis Ashmore and Nat Ware were born here.
You are doing your work well.
LOWNDES COUNTY.
REPORT 01<' C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
During the .year 1906 the schools of the county were in session for six months. The spring term opened the first Mortday in January and continued for four months, closing in April; the fall term began on October 29th, and continued for two months, closing the Friday before Christmas. During the year 78 per cent. of the white children of school age and 67 per cent. of the colored children of school age entered the public schools, Gnd of those that entered the public schools, the percentage of attendance was 59 'per cent. of the whites and 44 per cent. of the colored. There were thirty-three white schools and twenty-four colored schools operated in the county during the year, and in these schools forty-three white teachers and twenty-seven colored teachers were employed.
The board of education has divided the county into school districts, in accordance with the law passed by the last Legislature, and maps showing these districts have been made and are on file, as the law directs. The board of education proposes to have these maps published at an early date, so that the people of the county may know definitely where the lines of the various districts run. . It was the purpose of the board of education to submit to the people of the entire county the question of levying a small

Shiloh Schoolhoute-Old Euildin~, Lowndes County, Ga New Building-Shiloh Schoolhouse, Lowndes County, Ga.

113
local tax to supplement the public fund received from the State,. the State fund not being sufficient to maintain the schools on: an absolutely free basis; but; after circulating petitions for this purpose, it developed that some of the school districts wanted longer terms than others, and, for that reason, they preferred: to vote on the question of local tax by districts, and several of the school districts are now preparing to have an election for this purpose. Some of them intend having nine months public term.
The board of education is offering every inducement possible to get the people to improve the condition of their schoolhouses and is offering to pay one-half the cost of the building if the people pay the other half, provided the house does not cost more than $500 and is built in accordance with plans furnished by the board of education, and provided the title to the land on which the house is built is vested in the board of education. Under this plan five houses have been built this year, and threeor four others have been ceiled and put in firstclass condition. Almost all of these have been furnished with patent desks. The people in the Dasher, Naylor and Lake Park districts have taken hold of this proposition, and nearly all of the houses in these districts are in good condition. The people in the other districts of the county have not seemed quite so much interested, and very few houses have been built in theseother districts. In the Hahira district, however, the people of the Shiloh school have built a seven-room, two-story house, costing about $2,500. The board of education gave $700 on this building, and the title to the building and four acres of land are vested in the board of education. The board of education proposes to spend all of the money arising from the hire of convicts on schoolhouses until all of the houses of the county are put in first-class condition and are furnished with patent desks and other needed supplies. There is now a good surplus on hand from this convict fund, and the board of education is very anxious for the people to take advantage of this opportunity to build good houses where they are needed. In the meantime, the surplus enables us to pay the teachers promptly without the necessity of borrowing money.
This has been one of the very best years in the history of education in Lowndes county, and I believe that we can boast of as fine corps of teachers as any county in the State. If the people in all the districts would levy a small local tax, under
8 sc

114
.j.
the new law, it would not be long before the country schools would compare favorably with the city schools; and it would not be necessary for any of our people to leave their farms 2nd go to the cities in order to educate their children.
I submit herewith all of my books and vouchers and such financial statement as will enable you to see how the money JOT the support of the public schools has been expended. , Any suggestion or recommendations made by you will be 2ppreciated by me and the board of education.
MADISON COUNTY.
B. N. White, County School Commissioner.
REpOR'I' 01" C. S. C. 'I'O GRAND JURY.
There are thirteen white and one colored school which ran ~.eight to nine months. Four of these were in incorporated . towns and nine were strictly rural schools. These long-term 'schools are the only ones that seem to work up any enthusiasm and do any permanent good. The average attendance in the short-term or five-months school, is not so good now during the months of July and August as it was twenty years ago <luring the months of June, July and August. 'vVe can not nave any school during the month of June now, and the July .Llnd August terms are not well attended. I can not account for this falling off in school interest only in the following
ways: The all-cotton custom, the general prosperity, which make the people feel independent and ~secure, and the weak, incompetent teachers that our short-term schools must put up "vith. On account of so many more profitable, pleasant and permanent occupations, it is out of the question now to get competent teachers for our short-term schools. Men and women who can get only twenty-five or thirty dollars per month tor a period of five months' teaching school each year can get that much or more per month for twelve months in the year at .ether kinds of work.
There were two good school buildings built in the county last year. One two-room rural schoolhouse cost in money, 'work and material about six hundred dollars, or will cost that much when all the ceiling is completed. There was a good brick building built in Comer at a cost of at least ten thousand ,dollars.

115
Our board has laid the county off into school districts, and in some cases there will be one school where there was two before, and in some cases there will be two where were three before, and I hope and believe there will be more real good schoolhouses built this year than has been all put together before this year.
Our board offered prizes last year to the school whose pupil or pupils made the most corn and cotton on an acre of land, and gave full description of preparation, cultivation, fertilization, etc., to school and published it in county paper. All of the prize was to go to the school for desk or some permanent improvement, and only two boys contested. Stephen Herring, of the Danielsville school, won the prize for the best acre in cotton, and Ben White, Jr., of the Danielsville school, won the prize for the best acre in corn. The prizes were fifty dollars each and the money has been paid over to the trustees.
Our board offers prizes for corn and cotton contest again this year, but not so much. Thirty dollars will be the highest prize this year, and I think we will have several other contestants this year.
We are planning to have spelling, reading, oratorical and other kind of contests between our schools this year.
Our children have considerable trouble in getting books when they need them. Our merchants claim there is too much trouble and expense for the profit there is in handling the books.
M'INTOSH COUNTY.
J. B. Bond, County School Commissioner.
J REPORT OF C. S. C. 1'0 GRAND DRY.
The schools of McIntosh county during the year of 1906 have been fairly satisfactory. None of the schools of the county, with the exception of the McIntosh County Academy are graded. Two (2) new schools have been established during this year (1906), one for white children and one for colGred children, thus making ten (IO) schools for white and fifteen (IS) for colored, or a total of twenty-five (25) schools in the county.
The enrollment of white scholars is 290, being an increase of twenty-two over last year, and the enrollment of colored

116
scholars is 971, being a decrease of four from last year, and making a total enrollment of 1,261 scholars and a total increase of eighteen scholars.
The amount paid teachers of white children is $2,720, or an increase of $380 over the previous year, and the amount paid teachers of colored children is $1,650, being a decrease of $202.50 from the preceding year, and making a total of $4,37 paid to teachers. Paid out for salary of the county school commissioner $720, and to the members of the board of education $30 and expended for school supplies and buildings, including rent of the academy, $710.35; expended for postage, printing, teachers' examinations and other incidentals, $206.63, making the total expended account of year 1906, $6,036'98, and leaving a balance of $59.7. The balance would have been $759.70 for this year and is in fact that amount, but $250 was paid on account of the rent of the academy for 1907 and charged against said balance, so as to reduce it to the said amount of $509.70. The draft for the $250 was paid at that time so as to save as much interest as possible for the county and was charged in ,the 1906 account by being with the drafts paid out of the 1906 fund. The average cost per white pupil is $1.87 and average cost per colored pupil is 34 cents. This is the average monthly cost of white and colored pupils.
All of which will fully appear by reference to my books and vouchers, which are herewith submitted.
MITCHELL COUNTY.
J. H. Powell, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
vVe have examined the books of the county school commissioner, and find them neatly and correctly kept; his report being appended hereto. We feel that our county has a faithful and efficient servant in the commissioner, and we are certainly in sympathy with his plans and policies.
vVe feel that the county schools would be greatly benefited by the people co-operating with the commissioner and county board in the matters of divisions into districts and local taxation to supplement the school funds in said district.

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REpORT OF SCHOOL V\TORK.

Some improvements in building and equipment have been

made during the year 1906, school grounds put in better con-

dition.

Tree planting has been given attention, in some instances,
on school grounds and at their homes, qy the children.

As a rule our supply of teachers is good. A majority of

our teachers are progressive, making every effort for better

preparedness, persuading, biY influence and interest, the co-

operation of parents in the respective communities.

In some communities there is a lack of interest upon the

part of parents. The attendance has improved; the advan-

tages in long-term schools are facts .strong in evidence favor-

ing local taxation.

.

There is decidedly more interest being developed in li-

braries.

Grading of the schools is progressing; in the late test exami-

nation for seventh grade pupils, sent out by State School Com-

missioner, we mark with pride quite an improvement in number

and percentage made by pupils, as well as, in many instances,

very; creditable has been the quality of the work.

A few of our schools take interest in local contests in decla-

mation; we usually have girls and boys who enter the local

contest with view of securing a placeat Albany Chautauqua.

Agriculture is becoming more and more a feature of our

schools.

The school problems of 1906 have not in eve17 instance been

so pleasingly solved.

Our experience in consolidating the schools (though limited)

has not been encouraging, yet we believe it to be the most

economic plan.

In laying off county into school districts we have expe-

rienced some difficulties, however, we have, as a rule, been

giVverned by the respective land lines in prescribing the dis-

tricts, giving an area forty-nine lots in a square, or nineteen

and nine sixty-fourth miles.

Plans for 1907 are to make this the most progressive and

profitable in our history.

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MONROE COUNTY.
T. H. Phinazee, County School Commissioner.
J REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND DRY.
The county has been laid off into school districts under the general law of the McMichael bill. It was found impossible to adopt a uniform system, and the board exercised the discretion allowed by law in creating these districts. Thirty-two _districts were formed from the county, with the schools as near the center of population as pr.acticaI. The first item to which I call your attention is the school buildings. Of the thirty-two in the county sixteen are in fairly good condition. The board has deeds to four of these, namely: Cabaniss, Pleasant Grove, Rock Creek and Darden. The J ossey school has been remodeled at a cost of $75, and High Falls school has a like amount appropriated. There are now six new school buildings in construction at the following places: Russelville. Juliette, Colliers, Holly Grove, Midway and Hawk Hill, at a cost of $500 each.
The remaining eight are in such condition as to require new building entirely.
OPERATION OF SCHOOLS.
The public schools of Monroe county opened October I, 1906. The board of education fixed the tax at $3.60 per thousand, and from this source I have received $10,800 from the tax-collector. From this fund some of the schools have been paid for three months and some for four months. I wish to call your attention, in whose hands are the welfare of the county, and who must feel an interest in its citizenship, to one feature of our system. I have endeavored to contribute to the success of our schools, and in the more delicate duty of preserving harmony have tr-ied to modify and remove local friction. Inquiries are made of teachers as to absent children, and if any are away from local reasons. But these are/mere incidents in the cause that blod: progress in education. The bane of schools is irregularity; it breaks the continuity in the child's mind, annoys the class, and is a burden to the teacher. The board has decided to offer a medal for oratory in order to create interest. This, it is hoped, will bring the same result without the acute feeling that might follow a contest for a

11\:1
medal in schol~rship. I am glad to state that the average attendance shows an increase of five per cent. over 1905.
The public schools are in the experimental state, and the advocates of education ask that it be given a fair trial.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
A. B. Hutcheson, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. 1'0 GRAND JURY.
During the year mentioned the schools were operated for a term of six months-four months during the first part of the year, and two months during the latter part of the year. In order to operate the schools for a six months term it was necessary for the patrons to supplement the State funds by paying tuition, which in many instances was very unsatisfactory to both patrons and teacher.
During last year there were enrolled in the schools of the county 2,483 white pupils and 729 colored pupils, making a total enrollment of 3,212 pupils. The average attenqance of . the w11ite pupils was, for the term, 1,469 and 456 colored pupils, making a total average attendance of 1,925 pupils for the term.
In the first, second and third grades we enrolled 2,32 I pupils; in the fourth and fifth grades we enrolled 693 pupils; in the sixth grade we enrolled 125 pupils, and in the seventh grade we had reported only 73 pupils.
During the year 1906 the grade of teachers employed were above the average-they very nearly all holding a first~grade license.
During the year a successful campaign for better schools was waged, and on the 27th day of September an election was held for local taxation which resulted in an overwhelming majority in favor of local taxation. This, if properly managed, will in a few years put Montgomery county on an equal footing, in educational matters, with the best counties of the State, but it will take time to accomplish very much, and we hope the public will not expect too much of us at once.
While we have not collected any local taxes, and \Vill not until next fall, yet the Board of Education increased the salaries of the teachers employed for the first four months of this

120
, year (1907), with an effort to make tuition free to every pupil in the county. This has worked well in many ways-it has resulted in the employment of excellent teachers, and has given us by far the best enrollment and the best attendance that we have ever had in the county. We have arranged for the next school term to begin on Monday, the 28th day of October, and continue for a term of seven months. During the first week of this term all the teachers employed to teach in the several schools of the county will be reQ.uired to attend a normal class or institute for five days, under sorpe special instructor in school management. This will enable the teachers to go direct from the institute to the school and put into operation the plans and instructions given them during the we~k of institute work.
MURRAY COUNTY.
W. D. Gregory, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
In order that your body may know something of the condi-
tion of the public schools of our county, r herewith submit the
following report: We had in operation for the short term of 1906 forty white
and three colored schools. We paid the teachers, forty-nine in all, the sum of $3,85 I for the seventy days the schools were in session during the short term". We began the present, 196-7, term on November 12th last with only $r,928 due us on last year's apportionment, which will all be needed in paying for the one and a half months taught before Christmas. In order to prevent our teachers from leaving us and going to counties where better salaries are paid, we have agreed to pay them a little more than we have formerly paid.
Our scholastic population of 2,50 is scattered over so much territory, and there are so many obstructions, such as mountains and water courses, that we can not, in justice to all the people, meet the demands with a fewer number of schools, and the amount of money we now receive from the State is not sufficient for a five months' term each year, even with the meager salary we are now paying teachers.
With the means at our command, we are doing all we can to advance the educational interests of the county.

121
We enrolled during last term 2,100 pupils, and the average attendance was nearly 70 per cent. of the enrollment. The at- . tendance this winter is about fifteen per cent. better than for many years, owing partly to the open winter, but chiefly to the recent increase in population.
There seems to be an increased interest in the county along educational lines. Two good school buildings were erected the past year at a cost of six hundred dollars. The board of education has always shown a willingness to aid, so far as the funds would allow, in the building and equipment of schoolhouses.
The children are, as a rule, making excellent progress in the public school course. However,one very important study, that of agriculture, is being seriously neglected; and this by children the great majority of whom will doubtless live on farms all their lives.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
We have built two school buildings at a cost of about $600 during the past year.
We had some trouble in securing teachers for the 1906-7 term.
As a rule parents take some interest in the schools, but not what they should.
Attendance is ten per cent. better this term than ever before.
Agriculture is not being taught as it should. Teachers say parents will not procure the text-books on the subject.
We are now laying off wards preparatory to consolidation of schools.
MUSCOGEE COUNTY.
J. M. Moon, County School Commissioner.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
In 1906 we noticed a large number of poor children around the suburbs of Columbus who had never been in school, and the board of education of said county, feeling constrained to provide for these children, erected two commodious school buildings, consisting of four ro0111S in one, and three in the other. 'With a good male principal at the head of each school,

122
and with the necessary number of assistant teachers, these schools are doing some very gratifying work, and we feel and think that the State's money has been well spent in the building and equipping these schools with maps, patent desks, etc. Not only did we build these, but we repaired the other schoolhouses, and furnished them with desks, map6, globes, etc.
In 1907, another portion of the suburbs of Columbus was not provided with a school building large enough to accommodate the increase of population at East Highlands, and the board of education purchased the old schoolhouse and lot, and have recently erected a more commodious building there. Two good, live and active teachers are managing this school very effectually.
The "building and equipping" of the schools of this county are looked after diligently and closely.
The school grounds are being gradually improved by setting out trees, and leveling the grounds.
vVe are endeavoring to have some pictures of schoolhouses ready for your next report.
The example of setting out trees has been carried out before the children at school, I presume they will follow the example at home.
Vife have.. a good class of teachers who are doing good work in the county. Several of them attended the State normal schools last summer, and have regularly attended the institutes and teachers' meetings of this county, and I think that I can see that the efforts that they have made are not void of good results.
The interest of parents in some localities is not as good as it should be. However, we have had a very good attendance this year, which indicates some improvement in this direction. We have had but few long term schools, all for the lacl? of local taxation.
We have a limited library for teachers, and several of the schools have small libraries for pupils.
The grading of schools has been steadily progressing fbr the past three years.
Some of our pupils are progressing nicely, judging from the recent test examination which they stood. The only regret is that more of them did not stand the examination.
vVe have had no county contests of pupils in declamation. Agriculture is being taught in this county as well as other

123
subjects, and I hope to see the fruits of our efforts in teaching it in the future. The parents of a great many children oppose it, and say that their children can learn enough in a practical way to render it unnecessary to be taught in the schoolroom. But "time only will tell."
The problem of 1906 mainly and of 1907 is how to get the patrons willing to sacrifice to have long term schools, either by supplementing the public funds or by local taxation. This problem has not been solved yet, owing to the fact that people do not care to supplement, nor are they in favor of taxing themselves.
The consolidation and transportation of children has been suspended upon the part of the board of education, only so far as the parents haul their children. vVe have some consolidated schools, but the parents do the hauling.
This county has been laid off into school districts. My plan "to make this one of the most effective yeats in the progress of educational work, in the history of this county" is to see that I have good, competent teachers, that are willing to do the work of a schoolroom with cheerfulness and love in their hearts for every pupil. Unless this is the case, very little will be accomplished.
Second. To have the very best educators to meet with our
teachers in their monthly meetings, and teach them the best methods of imparting knowledge, and how to enthuse patrons and neighbors generally, on the subject of educating their children.
NEWTON COUNTY.
G. C. Adams, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. 1'0 GRAND JURY..
On the whole our schools are in a thrifty condition. The attendance has been the largest in the history of the county. The general public have become more interested in schools than ever before. More people are studying school questions than formerly. As they study school work they become more and more dissatisfied with cheap teachers and poorly-equipped houses. Our patrons are demanding better and better school facilities, and as they demand them they get them. It seems to have been in God's plan of making us that we can get sooner or later those things that we really and truly wish.

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Our board, realizing the imperative need of more comfortable, as well as more attractive schoolhouses, are constantly doing what they can to have such buildings erected.
With appropriations of $1,35 the board have encouraged the building of six good school buildings during the last three years. These houses contain altogether eighteen recitation rooms and thirteen cloak rooms. These bpildings are valued at $8,000. The board have titles to these houses and grounds together with five others.
There were 2,023 white children in our schools against 1,92 in 1905, and 1,873 negro children against 1,828 in 1905. The average for whites in 1906 was 1,261, and 1,080 in 195; negroes, 1,008 in 1906, and 1,41 in 1905.

TEACHERS} SALARIES.
The greatest hindrance in our school system is the meager salaries' we are able to pay our teachers. Our board has been compelled to allow teachers' salaries to remain practically the same for the last ten years, as the increase in the State's appropriation has been nominal. The scale of salaries paid in our county is as follows:

First grade, white principals

$40 per month.

Second grade, white principals

27 per month.

Third grade, white principals..... 20 per month.

First grade, white assistants...... 30 per month.

Second grade, white assistants. . . .. 20 per month.

Third grade, white assistants... .. 15 per month.

First grade, negro principals..... 20 per month.

. Second grade, negro principals. . .... 15 per month.

Third grade, negro principals. . . .. IO per month.

First grade, negro assistants. . . . .. 12 per month.

Second grade, negro assistants. . . .. 9 per month.

Third grade, negro assistants~. . .. 6 per month.

It is true that in addition to the above scale of salaries, the board, by a special rule, pay a few white principals $50 and $60 per month. This is the rule:
"In schools requiring three teachers, with an average at tendance of 75 for one week, and as long afterwards as the average remains above 65, the principals shall receive $50 per month; and in schools requiring four teachers, with an average attendance of 100 for one week, and as long afterwards as the

125

attendance remains above 80, the principals shall receive $60 per month."
The following schools came under the above rule:

Enrollment.

Mixon

184

Livingston

142

Mt. Zion (in part). III

Mansfield ... . ... 124

Newborn (in part). 87

Palmer Institute :. I 13

Victory (in part).. 98

Oak Land (in part) 96

Total

" 955 pupils.

Average.
104. 20 89. 00 43. 01 81.08 52 .78 75.70 64. 00
695

Per month.
$60 60
5 5 5 5 5 5

We find that the white teachers of our county receive an average of $33.02 per month, or about $3.00 less than is paid our negro convicts in the State penitentiary! Is there a sane person in this presence who thinks that the hire of one convict in Georgia to dig in dirt and rocks, wearing chains and stripes, should be enough to pay the salary of a well trained teacher, who has in her hands largely the education and character building of our girls and boys?
The average salary paid our negro teachers is $12.08 per month, or a little more than half the average salary paid negro teachers in the whole State. This makes an average of I I cents per month per pupil for the negro children of the county. Only three other counties in the State pay as low salaries to the negro teachers as do our board of education, namely, Effingham, Habersham and Pike, while not a county in the State pays a lower salary to them than Newton.
The total amount paid our white teachers was $8,225.38, while our negro teachers received $1,426.04.
To sum up the matter of this great hindrance, the low salaries of our teachers, it is but a plain statement of fact to say that if we are to continue our school work with the same insufficient funds, the natural consequence will be that where really good schools are kept up they must be paid for largely by the patrons. Some present examples of this follow:
Patrons of the Newborn school pay their principal $25 per month in addition to what is paid him by the board of educCl-

126

tion; patrons of Palmer Institute pay $25; the Mixon patrons

$20, and those at Livingston $20. But the most liberal showing

is made by the patrons of the Flint Hill school, where they pay

$60 per month over and above what is paid by the board of

education.

.

Without serious reflection one might say that this is prefer-

able to raising a large public fund out of which to pay our

teachers larger salaries, but when we find that this extra amount

is often paid, not by the ones who are most able, or receive

most benefit from it, but from those who are most generous

and patriotic toward the school, then we feel that the only

just and equitable method is through the channel of taxation.

There are citizens in this county who own large tracts of land

which rent to good advantage because they lie convenient to

schools, yet they can not see that they are under any obliga-

tion to look after the education of other folk's "kids."

There are people in this county who put their mites in the

contribution box on Sunday morning, said mites being earned

by the hardened hands of other folk's "kids." Others may

have what. views they choose, but for me I believe that those

who wear evening suits and enjoy the dancing ought to pay

the fiddler. I believe that those who own the sixteen square

miles of land in the school district ought to pay for the run-

ning of the school, and not those who are rearing and caring

for from five to fifteen children and renting this land in order

to be near the school.

I have the conviction that a good father and mother are do-

ing th~ir share in the division of duties in this world wheTl

they have been intrusted with the care of a family of boys and

girls. I shall be constantly doing what I can, when I can and

where I can for local taxation for the support of our public

schools. I shall be rejoiced to see Newton county stand as

solidly for this wise measure as did Newborn in the election

last year when she polled 43 votes "for" and only one

"against."

Newton county has the distinction of owning the largest

circulating library in the United States. It consists of forty

boxes of books, each box containing fifty volumes of the best

literature of all ages. One of the best we have was presented

to us by Hoke Smith several years ago. Another valuable

box of books was won by our county in the State arbor day

In
contest, in which Newton county far outstripped all other counties of Georgia in planting trees, vines, shrubs, etc.
I think these books circulating in every nook and corner of the county, even into homes not graced by a single book, not even the Bible, are doing a great good.
The- white teachers of the county hold monthly institute meetings at Covington on each fourth Saturday, at which all matters of interest to our schools are discussed. These meetings are conducted by me and the teachers, and often a good part of the time is taken up in round-table discussions of the present needs of the individual teacher in her everyday work.' I think much good comes to us from these meetings.
During the last term forty of our pupils received certificates of graduation from the common schools of Georgia on a list of questions prepared by the State School Commissioner. These certificates are won on an average of eighty per cent. or over. Only a few counties in the State made better records. Our children deserve high praise for their good work in winning so many certificates.
The public school term in our county is fixed at five months, plus one-half of any time added to this. term by the patrons. In my judgment this is the wisest action that our board of education ever took. Before this action was taken there was not $100 raised in the whole county by the citizens to supplement the length of the term or increase the salary of the teacher, whereas now more than $2,000 is raised by the citizens of the county each year for school purposes. As a result every white school in the county, except two, has run over the public term of five months, making an average for the whole county of 124 days. Only one negro school in the county ran for the full term of five months, and not a single one received a cent for added time taught. The average term for the negro schools of t~e county is 75 days, or nearly exactly three-fifths of the term for the white children. So far as I am able to learn no county in the State shows such a record in favor of her white boys and girls.
I respectfully submit to you my record book and cash book, which show the receipts and expenditures of all moneys belonging to my office. I also stibmit to you my annual report to the State School Commissioner, which contains a full financial summary, as well as quite a good deal of other information relative to our school system. I trust you will do me and our board the honor to go over this report carefully.

128

You will observe from the above report that we had in the treasury at the end of the year $1,367;10. Since then we have received a check for convict hire for $585.65, and one from the county school commissioner of Rockdale county for that county's share in"'the expenses of running the Mt. Zion school for $78.05. This sum of money has enabled our board to pay the teachers one month's salary in advance of the first check from the State Treasurer for the term of 1907. Our board will receive, as heretofore, from the State treasury sufficient money to pay our teachers for two months' service bj)' some time in April. Thus we shall be able to pay the teachers for three months' teaching early in the year this term instead of for two months, as we have only been able to do in the past.
Inasmuch as most of our teachers are dependent on their salaries for their daily bread, and as they have their salaries dis'counted at bank at from one to two per cent. per month, I _shall recommend to our board that they borrow two months' salary for the teachers after receiving the two payments from the State this spring, thus paying our faithful servants for the full public term by about June 1St. The money for this purpose can probably be borrowed for six or seven per cent., or for less than half what the teachers must pay for it individually.

COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.

The report made by our efficient county school commis-

sioner deserves special notice, showing much interest mani-

fested in the cause of education. There are 49 school build-

ings, all in good condition-25 for white and 24 for colored

children, with an enrollment of 3,896, of which 2,023 are white,

'showing an increase over the previous year of 166. His books

show that he has received from all sources $13,77.69. Amount

disbursed, as per vouchers, $12,34.59, leaving a balance on

hand of $1,367.10.

.

We find further that the board of education has complied

with the law with regard to laying off the county in school districts.

It is with much sorrow that we learn that Mr. Adams will

resign his position to accept the presidency of the Fifth Dis-

trict Agricultural College to be located at Monroe, Ga. While

we regret to lose so valuable a citizen, we congratulate the

trustees on their wise selection.

129

REVIEW Of' SCHOOL WORK.

On the whole our schools made a fairly good record for

1906. The attendance was the largest in the history of the

county.

.

The general public have become more interested in school

matters than ever before. More people are studying school

problems than formerly. As they familiarize themselves with

school work and school methods, they demand better school

facilities. The old field school, with no equipment save pine

pole joists on which the boys "skinned cat" and performed

other antics, no longer satisfies the intelligent patron or pupil.

These schools may have served well enough our fathers and

us, when educational requirements were far less exacting than

at present, but our children and our children's children living

in this strenuous age must have better training or spend their

lives as "hewers of wood and drawers of water!"

Our greatest handicap was the lack of funds to pay such

teachers as our girls and boys deserved. However, it should

be said to the praise of our patrons that they supplemented the

publiG salaries of our white teachers an average of about

twenty-five per cent. In this way our school fund was in-

creased twenty per cent.

Our board of education took a very wise step forward three

years ago when they fixed our public term at five months, plus

one-half of any private term taught in connection with the p'ub-

lie term. This action has led our people to run their schools

an average of 136 days, and to feel a more vital interest in the

schools because they put their money in them.

The fact that our schools ran so long a term last year had

much to do with our losing local taxation at our election last

August. We only asked for a seven months' term under the

new tax, and as we only lacked four days already of having

this term, our people had little en~ouragement to vote an extra

tax on themselves for what they practically had without the

tax. We have some good men in our county, and good friends

to better schools, too, who are conscientiously opposed to local

taxation for schools; but I think sentiment is growing in favor

of this tax.

-

We held monthly institute meetings at Covington once a

month during the school term. These meetings were well at-

tended, and were almost entirely in charge of our teachers

9 Be

130
themselves. We had a lecture each meeting from an Emory College professor, which always proved very interesting as well as instructive. Quite a good deal of the time at these " meetings was devoted to round-table discussions of the teachers' own problems. We like the mont~ly meetings better than to hold our institute for a week all together once a year.
Forty of our seventh grade pupils received certificates of graduation, which was a good increase over 1905.
Our corn and cotton and oratorical contests aid very materially in arousing general interest in our schools. I believe that if these contests existed in each county of the State they would be a powerful factor for good to our school system.
There is an era of good feeling in our county. More pupils are already enrolled for 1907 than at any previous time.
OCONEE COUNTY.
James M. Ml'tyne, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
During the year we have had schools at twenty-three places for the white children, besides several places known as line schools, such as Walker Harris in Walton county, Temple, in Oglethorpe county and others, and fifteen places for colored children. The attendance of colored children on line schools has 'been greater than that of the whites. The enrollment ,of white children, according to the reports of the teachers, amounts to 1,196, while the average attendance is only 776; that is, if 776 of our children had attended school one hundred days they would have made as many days as were made by the 1,196 that were enrolled did make. The enrollment of the colored children, according to the report of the teachers amounts to 1,291 children, while the average attendance is only 537. Thus it will be seen that, calculating from the census of 1903 we had enrolled in our white schools 99% of the white children in the county, and that 65% of these made an average attendance of 100 days. Calculating from the same base we find that 84% of the colored children were enrolled in school and of these 41.6ro made an average of 100 days. This enrollment I consider good but the average is not so creditable. This can be attributed to no other cause than the Jack of interest on the part of the patrons.

131
During the year there have been completed four new schoolhouses in the county: one at Doves Creek, costing about $350; one at "Mars Hill, $450; one at Eastville, costing $2,000, and one (a colored schoolhouse) at Sinai, costing about $200. To these the board has contributed $70.50, $100 and $150, respectively, for seats. These new buildings with the best of our old ones give us good houses for about half of our white schools. The colored peop,le have built one new house at a cost of about $200, and have added to and repaired two others. The houses used for the colored schools are in very poor condition. There would have been more improvements made on both schoolhouses and school grounds, but for the expected carrying into effect of the proposed district scheme. The board of education has discussed the plans for laying off the county into school districts, and has made efforts to do so, but owing to the fact that there is no accurate map of the county, and being entirely without measurements or knowledge of distances, has been unable to accomplish much yet. Mr. A. VV. Meaders, president of our board of education, will submit to you a report on this matter and ask your aid and cooperation.
As your body is considered the guardians of'the county's property, and through whose indictments evil-doers are brought to justice and punished, I most respectfully invite your vigilance to depredations perpetrated on our scho~.j houses (such as breaking out lights, tearing down blinds, breaking locks and making public roads across the school yards).
The financial statement made to the finance committee by me, will be delivered by them to your body, and I ask that it be made a part of this, my report to yo'll.
OGLETHORPE COUNTY.
R. M. Ba.con, County School Commissioner.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
I did not make any report of the progress of our school work during 1906, because I could not make one that I thought would be creditable to our county.
I enclose a copy of my report to the grand jury. The grandiury did not comment upon my report; and when

132
it was handed in to the printer with the presentments for publication the printer cut it out, because, as he said, 'twas too much printing for the amount of money appropriated for that purpose.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We find from report of county school commissioner, IA30 white children, 2,380 colored children of school age, making a total of 3,810 children of school age in the county. Cash received from State for school purposes, $11,941.3. Amount paid out as per vouchers, $11,941.03, leaving no balance 011 hand.
'vVe recommend the manner of the division of the scho:]I funds as practiced by our efficient county school commissioner.
POLK COUNTY.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
J. E. Lovvorn, County School Commissioner.
Under the regulations of the county board of education the public schools were operated five months in one consecutive term, finishing in the spring. The failure of quite a number of the schools to finish the full term before closing (and this. was especially true of the colored schools) left a small unused surplus but not enough to run an additional term in the summer; but in order' to meet in part a demand for such summer term, the board provided for a two months' summer term in all schools whose patrons could contribute and deposit to the credit of the county school commissioner funds sufficient for" one month's salary. The effect of this has been most beneficial, affording school for seven months when the patrons pay for one. And this was done by a majority of the white schools of the county, but only two-of the colored schools met the conditions named by the board.
No doubt a larger number of white schools would have had the summer term, but for a general opinion which prevai'ls in some of'the most progressive school communities, to the effect that the sultry midsummer months are almost wholly worthless for a school term in so far as advancement of pupils is concerned. This opinion is shared by the present board of educa-

133
tion to the extent that it is unwise to divide the already too short term of five months into two terms by reserving a part of it to be taught in summer, and in this view I heartily concur.
The unusual amount of interest that is being manifested in schools in nearly every section of the county is a hopeful sign for the future. The schools are prosperous, and reports indicate that more children are probably in attendance than ever before in the history of the county. The interest which has been manifested in a substantial way in the supplemental summer terms indicate that the school term is 'entirely too short to meet the requirements, or even the conveniences, of the <country.
The obstacle in the way is a lack of funds. The grand. juries of the August terms in 1904 and again in 1906, recommended that the felony convict fund belonging to this county, be used on the public roads instead of remaining a part of the school fund as heretofore. This fund, which amounts to approximately $2,500, is thus lost to the school fund until 1908, when at the August term the grand jury will again direct it for two years more.
The failure to receive the benefit of this convict fund has seriously embarrassed the educational interests of the county; ana especially so since most if not all the neighboring counties bave had their pro rata of this fund to apply to the schools, thus giving them an advantage over this county in the matter of paying teachers. Another circumstance which has added to the embarrassment is the constant decrease in the school fund proper which has been going on with painful regularity for,the past two or three years. I am gratified that advice from the State department of education shows a }Vholesome increase in the funds for the current year.
The only hope for keeping the schools arid the educational interests of the county up to a creditable standard in comparison with other counties of the State, lies, in my opinion in local taxation under the McMichael law. This law allows the people the right, which they never had biefore, of saying for themselves whether a tax shall be levied to supp,lement the school fund. It is hoped that it will not be long befoTe such a plan will be in operation in the county.
I can safely estimate that one-fourth of one per cent. would be a sufficient supplement to, make the schools all that the conditions will require or justify for many years. I have gone

134
to some detail in my. statement and in this narrative report to clear away a very general misapprehension in regard to the division of the fund between the races. The most casual examination of these figures will convince any fair-minded .person that the negro is not receiving more of the benefits of the school fund than he is reasonably and justly entitled to receive. The reason for this state of affairs is plain. The employment of teachers, like every other business is regulated largely by the law of supply and demand; and since serving his own race as teacher or preacher is almost the only avocation savoring of the professional that is open to the negro, it is but natural that his service can be had for much less than those of a white teacher possessing equal ability.
I have dealt with this feature of the work at this length for the sole purpose of giving your body all the information in my possession as regards the same to the end that there may be seed sown for a better general understanding of this subject.
PULASKI COUNTY.
R. C. Sanders, County School Commissioner-..
J REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND DRY.
(Statistics same as reported to State Department.)
The school year has been comparatively a success.fuI one. Most of the teachers have b~en energetic, earnest and faithfuI in the discharge of their duties; the pupils have generally exhibited interest in their tasks and the patrons have shown increased enthusiasm along educational lines. There have been a few instanc'es in which the schools have not shown desired improvement, but these are rare.
Notwithstanding s'ome unusual interruprtions there has been considerable increase both in enrollment and average attendance as is evidenced by the following:
195, white enrollment, 2,104; average 949. 1905, colored enrollment, 1,832; average, 786. Total enrollment, 3,934; average, 1,735. 1906, white enrollment, 2,223; average, 1,225. 1906, colored enrollment, 1,903; average, 918. Total enrollment, 4,126; average, 2,143. Making a ~ifference in enrollment, 192, and a difference in

135
average attendance 308 increase over that of the preceding year.
The members of the board of education are earnest and conscientious in the discharge of their duties. As a whole the members are prompt and regular in attendance upon meetings, and to the extent that the schools are a success, the board is largely responsible.
The distance of many of the schools from the office of the commissioner prevents very frequent visits and proves a barrier to a very close supervision, yet the commissioner keeps in close touch with the workings of all the schools.
We meet with many obstacles; some have been surnlounted, others are yet to be overcome, but with an abiding faith in the grandeur of the cause for which we are strIving, we believe that all hindrances will finally be removed. Under the direction of the county school commissioner, monthly institutes for the teachers were held with good attendance. The course of study embraces those subjects required in public schools. Text-books on teaching were discussed. The annual institute was held in Hawkinsville with Prof. A. M. Duggan as in- . structor. At the close of the institute a spelling contest took place at the courthouse. A medal for the advanced spelling class was awarded Miss Birdie Fleming of the Hartford school. For the primary grades a medal was won by Master Kelly Fuqua of the Finleyson school.
Many of the school buildings have been repaired, some enlarged, and a few new ones built, and nearly all have been painted. With the exception of one or two the schoolhouses for white children are commodious and comfortable. The committee for Pulaski county of the school improvement club of the State promises an excellent work for the future. This committee is composed of Mrs. B. F. Parsons, Hawkinsville,
Mrs. J. P. Brown, Hawkinsville, and Mrs. A. P. Urquhart,.
Cochran. We bespeak for this committee the hearty co~opera tion and undivided support of all our school communities.
The question of increasing the length of the school term, and an increase in the salaries of the teachers for Pulaski county has been considerably discussed by the board of education. This resulted in an election for local school tax. The result was unfavorable, we believe, on account of the weather during the day. Three school districts since that election have decided by an almost unanimous vote in favor of such a tax.

136
The city of Cochran, under charter rights, has voted in favor of Qetter schools and longer terms. It is to be hoped that in the near future Pulaski county will take her place among the most progressive counties of the State along educational lines.
vVe have in Pulaski now six educational units. We would suggest a change. First: Local taxation for school purposes for the county as a whole. Second: A school of high grade to be located, one in each of the towns Cochran and Hawkinsville, a normal department for the instruction of teachers in one of these schools. Third: One grammar school, centrally located in each militia district. Fourth: The primary schools be retained as now located, as feeders to the grammar schools. \Ve thus would have but one school unit under the management of one superintendent, lessening the cost, and at the same time rendering the schools more efficient.
PUTNAM COUNTY.
M. B. Dennis, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
There were established and operated in the county for the year, forty-one schools-fifteen white and twenty-six colored. This does not include the two public schools operated in town, as they are not required to make reports to me, but to the State School Commissioner. My report, therefore, has no reference to these two schools, except to account for the money appropriated for their maintenance by the county board of education. When it is considered that the colored school population of the county is nearly four times that of the whites, the excess of negro schools will not be wondered at. In addition to the above, there were three county-line schools with children from this county-one white and two colored.
To preside over these schools there were employed fifteen white principals and four white assistants, twenty-six colored principals and three colored assistants. The county-line teachers are not included, as they work in other counties and simply teach children from this.
In the white schools the enrollment was 303 males and 289 females, total 592. This shows a slight increase over the previous year. The average attendance in these schools was

137

,

397.35 pupils. In other words, of the 592 white children en-

rolled, 397.35 attended regularly during the entire term.

The census taken in 1903 shows a white school population

of 725 outside of town and town district, the children in this

territory attending the town school. From this we deduce

the following facts:
Per cent. of white school population enrolled. . . . . . .. 821'0 Per cent. of white school population attending regularly. 551'0

Per cent. of enrollment attending regularly

67%

This calculation is based on the school population as it was -

in 1903. Since that time great changes have taken place, and,

I am sorry to state, changes not at all tending to the develop-

ment of the rural schools. The people of the rural districts

are steadily moving out, going to cities, towns, and to other

counties. As a confirrriation of this fact, I refer to the follow-

ing: At that time, when the census was taken, Harmony school

district had a school population of seventy-three, and a school

enrollment of sixty-eight. To-day the school enrollment is

only thirty-eight; and yet 'fully as large a per cent. of the

present population is enrolled as in 1903. This would indi-
cate a loss of nearly 501'0 of the population. In 1903 the
school population of Ramoth was fifty-one, and the enrollment was forty-three. To~day the enrollment is twenty-nine. In

Central in 1903 the population was seventy-eight and the en-

rollment was seventy-four. To-day the enrollment is fifty-

nine. In Reid's Cross Roads in 1903 the population was 116 and the enrollment eighty-nine. T~day the latter is fifty-

seven. These are the most striking instances. While possibly

one or two districts show a small gain, the balance have failed

to fully hold their own. So if the enrollment and average at-

tendance of to-day were figured on the present school popula-

tion as a basis, percentages larger than those given above could

be shown. This serious state of affairs~this depopulation of the coun-

try districts-is not altogether attributable to a lack of school

facilities, because in one district noted above, from which the

exodus has been greatest, the school facilities have been for

years past as good as any rural community. The general

gloomy outlook in the agricultural world for the past several

years, and the increasing perplexities growing out of the labor

question, have had more to do with this exodus than any other

cause.

------_.-

138

In Jhe colored schools the enrollment was, males 833 and females 1,101, a total of 1,934. This shows an increase of 169 over the previous year. The colored average attendance was 946.36 pupils. That is, of the 1,934 enrolled, 946.36 pupils attended regularly. The census colored population taken in 1903 showed outside of town and town district 2,916 children of school age. On this basis we find the

Per cent. of population enrolled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 660/0

Per cent. of population attending regularly

320/0

Per cent. of enrolled attending regularly. . . . . . . . . . . .. 480/0

From this it will be seen that the percentage of enrollment and attendance among the negroes is a great deal less than with the whites.
As in the case of the whites, so in this, the result of these calculations is misleading. A large per cent. of the negro population has removed from the rural districts. And were the calculations based on the present negro population, the showing would be different.
The present corps of teachers as a class will compare favorably with those of past years. Especially is this true when the serious oQstacles that to-day render it almost impossible to employ fully competent teachers for rural schools are considered. While not what might be desired in every instance, on the whole they are earnest, faithful and hard-working. They labor under many seriou:" disadvantages, but are ambitious to do their duty as fully as possible and produce good results. And it really is a matter of surprise how they accomplish as much as they do under the distressing conditions that characterize the average country school.
One of the most serious troubles is the number of grades for each teacher to handle. N one of our white schools is burdened with an excessive number of pupils enrolled, but they are all fearfully hampered by the number of grades and number of classes to be daily handled. Take a school with thirtyfive or forty pupils. This is not an unreasonable number of pupils for one teacher to instruct, when the number is merely considered. An investigation, however, will reveal the fact that those pupils are classed in eight or nine grades, each grade reciting five lessons a day, making a total of from forty to

139
forty-five daily recitations to be disposed of. Allowing' for dinner hour, and morning and afternoon recess, and for lost time in assembling and dismissing classes and answering questions, six hours is about all any teacher can get in from eight until four in the afternoon. A little calculation will show that for each recitation only eight or nine minutes can be spared from the daily program. As school officials we thoroughly understand the situation and are fully persuaded that no teacher can do proper work under such conditions. The teachers also know the trouble, and are painfully mindful of the unsatisfactory service being rendered; and in hundreds of instances it is driving them from the profession entirely, or to some city system where each teacher has only one grade to instruct.
Is there no remedy for this? Yes, several. I will name some:
I. Shorten the term, and with the money thus saved employ the needed additional help.
2. Cut the present salaries and employ more teachers. 3. Get the Legislature, if possible, to increase the appropriation. 4. Adopt a more rigid consolidation of schools, so that the money now going to two, three or four schools can be concentrated on one.
The first two would be impracticable and very unwise. The third, in my judgment will be time wasted. The Legislature has done all it intends doing for some time to come. The adoption of the McMichael bill providing for local taxation by districts and counties was a practical declaration to this effect.
The fourth is the only practical and business-like solution to this perplexing problem. It would undoubtedly necessitate the hauling of children living remotely, but hauling children is a great deal cheaper than building and keeping up so. many schoolhouses and employing so many principals, to say nothing of the increased amount of work that could be accomplished every day, and its improved efficiency. The practicability of such a system has been thoroughly tested time and again in this as well as in other states, and wherever given a fair trial, it has unfailingly proven its worth. The history of these tests has been written, and are open for inspection to any community desiring information. But it is hard to get the masses

140
to appreciate the advantages such a system offers sufficiently to even give it a partial frial.
The school exhibit made at the county fair last fall, as far as it went, was largely a success, for which the few faithful teachers who participated are responsible. Only a few schools exhibited for the reason that only those schools were in session last fall long enough before the opening of the fair to make preparations. However, the display was instructive and interesting, and was a great surprise to many as to the character and quality of the work being done by our country schools. The many expressions of pleasant surprise and delight from those who examined it were encouraging and gratifying to all concerned. We trust we may be able to make another the fall of this year.
The schools of the county are now engaged in preparing an exhibit for the Jamestown Exposition. The subject is the "Cotton Plant," and is divided into fifteen general heads, one head being allotted to each school. The write-ups by each school will be profusely illustrated, and written on tablets prepared for this occasion. A large stalk of cotton,.will be endosed in a glass case, and hanging to the limbs\if the stalk will be samples of every known product f.rom the cotton plant and its fruit, that can be had.
Local taxation for bettering school conditions is the order of the day. Like a mighty wave it is sweeping over the State and the South, and at short intervals we read of new counties adopting the system. In the course of a few years hardly a county in the State will be without it. I say this, because I know the character and force of the men behind the movement.
The law provides for two plans of local taxation-one by distri,ct and one by the county as a whole. This county a year or two ago had four districts to adopt the former plan. In all of these districts it has proven more or less unpopular and unsatisfactory. One district, perhaps, has gotten along without friction, but in the others they have had trouble in collecting the taxes. There is too much machinery about the district plan, and it is too indefinite and unwieldy. It is open to too many attacks, and liable to be changed every year because of its instability. It requires at the hands of the trustees a great deal of work for. no pay.
The county plan is working beautifully wherever it has been adopted; and the counties in the State that have adopted the

141

plan are not a few. Not a jar is experienced, not a complaint heard. Everybody satisfied and good, smooth work being accomplished. The county system of schools as a unit is unbroken. The county plan can be operated more cheaply than the district plan, and the rate of taxation all over the county will be uniform. But why discuss this longer? You are familiar with its merits, and know the increased results promised.
This county should adopt the county plan, and to secure this, the board of education is willing to cooperate with the people. To this end, and with the approval of the board of education, I am conducting an educational department in the Eatonton Messenger. With the county system of local taxation and with a further judicious consolidation of schools, this county could have as good schools as are to be found anywhere outside of a city.
Fully-aware of the influence of a grand jury, and assuming your interest in the education of the youth of our county, both as a body and as i_ndividual representative citizens, I have attempted to give you as briefly as possible an insight into the work, its importance, its drawbacks, and its needs; hoping to enlist on your part greater interest in the work, and secure for its better development a deeper sympathy and a more active cooperation. The good you can do the cause as a body, assembled to discuss county affairs, and as individual citizens passing in and out among the people of your respective communities, is beyond the possibilty of man to tell. Pardon me, then, for thus reminding you of a duty, the responsibility of which every man should feel to be sacred and God-given.

RANDOLPH COVNTY.

E. W. Childs, County School Commissioner.



REPORT OF' C. S. C. 1'0 GRAND JURY.

A step that marks an epoch in the educational history of the county was made last September in the extension of the public term from six to nine months. This was made possible by the county tax levy of one-fifth of one per cent., authorized by an election held June 13, 1906. The beneficial "influences of this step are beyond question. Among the improvements already to be noted are, first: A decided increase in the enroll-

142

ment In the white schools, amounting to possibly fifty per

cent. in some cases. Owing to the term being yet incomplete

it is impossible to give exact figures. 2d. More efficient teach-

ing service. We have been able to hold the best of our former

teachers, and secure some of the best from other sections.

Even a poor teacher can do better work with the longer term.

The long term also operates to the advantage of those chil-

dren who from necessity can not attend the entire term, in

giving them the benefit of better instruction for the time they

do attend, and also a longer time in which to select the term

they can attend. 3d. More perfect organization and grading

of the schools. Practically all the pupils are now following

the course of study outlined for the entire county. A pupil

moving from one community to another no longer finds him-

self a misfit in the new school he enters. Vve are for the first

time able to give the boys and girls of the remote country dis-

tricts advantages equal to those previously enjoyed. by the

towns. In fact, with the superior advantages afforded by the

country, the indications are that the best results are now ob-

tained in the country schools.

While not conforming to the most modern ideti:s~ of school

architecture, our houses are' with, one or two exceptions well

Quilt, comfortable, and suitt?d to the purposes for which they

are intended. All the schoolhouses for whites are ceiled ex-

cept the building at Mobley. The following are yet to be

painted: Mobley, Morris, N ochway, Trinity, Vilulah. All are

provided with glass windows and are usually well lighted.

\iVith a few exceptions everyone is fully equipped with mod-

ern patent desks. We now have on hand a sufficient number

of new desks to supply these exceptions. More and better

blackboards are needed, which will be supplied before many

months. During the present term the teachers and pupils have

been diligent in securing all possible improvements on grounds I

and buildings. In this connection permit me to call your attention to the annual report for 1906, copies of which are fur-



nished you.

A well-selected library is recognized as a necessary part of

the equipment of a first-class school. During the present term

gratifying progress has been made in this line. All the schools

now have at 'least the beginning of a library except Andrews,

Cuthbert, Mobley, and Morris. We expect these to qegin this

work by another tenn.

143
Teachers should be offered every possible incentive and means of. professional improvement. To this end monthly institutes are held regularly during the schpol term. These meetings are devoted to the discussion of the practical problems of every-day school life, and have been the means of culture and inspiration to the teachers. The teachers have cooperated cheerfully and promptly.
AGRICULTURAL CONTESTS.
This work had its inception "last year Under the auspices of the State college of agriculture, and ha~ been the means of giving new light and inspiration to many a boy and girl in . the rural districts. It emphasizes the possibilities of the farm, and helps to teach the real greatness of country life. A number of our pupils entered last year, and won five out of twelve premiums offered for five best stalks of cotton at the State Fair. A larger number are contesting this year, and promise a larger, better, and more diversified exhibit. The county exhibit will be held early in October at Cuthbert. In behalf of the conte~tants I solicit your interest and encouragement.
The progress of the negro schools is about as satisfactory. as conditions will permit. The great problem is that of securing suitable teachers. While not discounting scholarship, we believe the first consideration in their selection should be character. We have therefore drawn our supply as far as possible from those in our midst, whose life and character we have opportunity to investigate. Vje are endeavoring also to provide two months' training for them by opening the school at Cuthbert two months before those in the county. Generally, they have been faithful in the discharge of their duties, and are urged continually on the necessity of inculcating lessons of sobriety, honesty and industry. 'With the exception of the school at Cuthbert we have ,not found it practical or pos~ible 10 extend the term to longer than six months.
RICHMOND COUNTY.
Lawton B. Evans, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
Your ,committee has visited a number of schools in the city

144
and county. W-e found them well conducted, and believe they will compare favorably with those in other places. We examined a numqer of pupils in the different departments and found them well advanced and well posted in their various studies. The conduct and deportment of the pupils in every instance showed careful training, and was above the average in our experience. The foreign element in our schools stands high in scholarship and deportment. The colored school, in the First Ward, conducted by Silas X. Floyd, we found to compare favorably with the white schools, in discipline and studies. Our colored population does not suffer for want of buildings, teachers and facilities, but on account of the crowded condition of this school, we found that they had to have a morning and noon session.
The work in the fifth ward, outside of the regular course, particularly appeals to your committee. In connection with this school there is conducted a model cottage in which the children are taught home life, such as the arrangement-of the home, cooking and sewing. This work is being conducted by Miss Holt, outside of her regular employment and the extra hours she devotes to this course, entitles her, in Our opinion, to extra remuneration. This work is not compulsory, and is only given to children who stand high in their several classes. It is gratifying to see the earnest manner in which these students enter into this work. The lunch served by them to your committee would compare favorably- in point of cooking and arrangement with any that could have been served in the city. Your committee believe that we have one of the best conducted school systems in the State.
Mr. Evans, our able superintendent, and Mr. Fleming, chairman of the board of education, are abreast of the times, and we regret more than we can express that they have not the power and financial facilities for bringing our school build;ings up to the proper requirements of modern times. The building in the fifth ward is a disgrace to the times, the city and the county. The rooms are small, the halls narrow, and the doors in opening and closing overlap ten or twelve inches. If fire should occur in this building we fear the loss of life would be heavy. We should try to develop some adequate financial plan,. and complete the new building, work on which was suspended on account of legal technicalities.
The Central Grammar School is badly in n~ed of modern

145
methods of heating and ventilating. The hot-air system in this school is a menace to health. The evaporation of water in the heaters is not sufficient for half the room and pupils. We would advise putting in hot water or steam.
We recommend that our county Legislators be instructed to introduce a bill into the next Legislature for compulsory education for the county of Richmond. This may seem radical at this time, but when we appreciate the fact that the Child Labor Law is being, and will be enforced throughout the manufacturing districts, and that rapid strides are being made in other sections in this line, we can not but believe we were justified in making this recommendation.
The question of medical examination of the students is one that seems to have been omitted in the schools. This would be forced on us under the compulsory plan, but we believe it of such vital importance that whether a compulsory bill passes or not, we recommend that the county and city physicians be required to examine the pupils at suitabJe times, and that the teachers be required to make a note of the physical condition of their pupils, and report -to these physicians. We believe that contagious diseases could be stamped out much more satisfactorily in this way.
The Woodlawn schoolhouse is the only upf-to-date building in the city at present. The arrangement of this school and. the method in which it is conducted, are very satisfactory, with the exception that we notice that there is urgent need for a kindergarten department.
Our observation has impressed us with the fact that the children who are backward in their studies are a great handicap to the more ambitious students, and if it is possible and expedient, we should suggest to our superintendent that these children be put into a separate class and given attention.
The" Hephzibah school is in a most flourishing condition. The attendance is above the average, and, in our opinion, this school should be given an additional teacher at as early a date as possible. The county schools generally are not well attended at this season of the year, owing to the demand for the services of the children, at home. We approve of the plan of furnishing teams to take the pupils to school in the thickly populated districts.
10 sc

146

ROCKDALE COUNTY.

A. D. Hammock, County School Commissioner.

REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.

(Statistics same as reported to State Department.)

The board has recently divided the county into school dis-

tricts, as a law passed by the last Legislature required, and

three trustees for each district have been duly elected and ap-

proved by the board. We hope to keep in close touch with

said trustees and see if we can not inaugurate many move-

ments which will increase the efficiency of our schools, espe-

cially in the way of securing capable teachers.

Several of our school buildings are clumsily constructed,

poorly furnished and unattractive. The patrons do not seem

to appreciate the educational value of neat, orderly, wholesome

environment. vVe point with pride to our schoolhouses at

Uni'on, Magnet and Oakland; said buildings reflect credit upon

the educational interest of these communities.

vVe have more than once called the attention of the grand

jury and the county board of commissioners to the cramped

and crowded condition of the county school commissioner's

-office. Separate rooms for the white and colored teachers are

an imperative need. \Ve are often embarrassed by our white

lady teachers, especially, being thrown into such close contact

with colored people. We earnestly hope this grand jury will

devise some plan for providing the county school commission-

er's office with two rooms.

- If there is one intere.?t outstripping all others in our great

State, it is preeminently the cause of education. In every

section, in every county, people are vying with each other in

an effort to develop and build up the educational interests of

Georgia.

.

There is no more important office ill our whole scheme of

county government than the county school commissioner. Vve

believe the time has come when this office should receive more

recognition. We believe we could make it a wise and eco-

nomical investment if 'our board would pay the county school

commissioner a salary sufficient to command more of his time.

The schools should be visited two and three times each term;

148
he should attend all public school meetings; he should work in the interest of the schools among our farmers' clubs, etc.
As it is he can not do much more than the clerical work of the office and visit the schools about once a term, and has to give a good deal of his time and thought to other work in order to have a reasonable income and lay up something for the future.
For the present yea.r our county will draw $4,900.61 from the State treasury. We carryover from last year a larger surplus than we ever have before to my knowledge. Next year we hope to either lengthen the school term or increa5e the monthly salaries of our teachers.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We have examined the books and accounts of our efficient county school commissioner, and find them correct, and neatly kept and recommend that the county board of education increase his salary from $360 to $500 per annum, showing our appreciation of his good work and untiring efforts in behalf of the education of this county.
'vVe further recommend that on account of the crowded and unpleasant condition of the school commissioner's office, and the fact of the two races having to come in contact in so small a room, and the necessity of the office of the Commissioners of roads and revenues being kept open for such business as may from day to day come to their attention, we recommend that the ordinary's office be used by the commissioners, and that the ordinary be made their clerk, and that the present room now occupied by the commissioners be used by the county school commissioner, in connection with his present office.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
We have about solved the problem of school consolidation in Rockdale, as we now have only twelve schools f.or whites and the same number for colored. We have a professional library of seventy volumes for teachers and a circulating library of one thousand standard books, packed in fourteen nicelv varnished, strong, durable boxes, for our twelve white sc"hook We have three handsome school buildings, nicely furnished and finished. All of our school buildings for whites are ceiled throughout, except one. Six of our buildings are painted, five of which are furnished with patent desks.

149
The greatest defects in our school work in Rockdale is the short term of only five months and the small salaries paid our teachers. Several of our school Quildings, too, are unattractive and poorly furnished. The best remedy for these defects, we are sure, lies in local school taxation. In the spring of last year the question of local school tax was submitted to a pop- . ular vote but was defeated. As soon as the law allows, we are going to have the question submitted again, and if it does not carry we are going to continue to agitate the movement till all prospects of its being voted have faded or till we are deposed from office, for we are convinced that the only hope we have for perfecting our school system lies in securing this tax.
SCREVEN COUNTY.
H. J. Arnett, County School Commissioner.
906. COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY, MAY TERM, I
"We have examined the books of the county school commissioner and find them correctly and neatly kept.
"We congratulate our county board of education and school commissioner upon the splendid work which is being done in helping to build first-class school buildings, the consolidation of schools and the advancement of the great cause of education.
"We also congratulate them on their good financial showing, a statement of which is hereto attached."
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
The outlook along educational lines in Screven county is encouraging. During the last two years our board of education has spent over $3,000 in building, improving and furnishing schoolhouses and the patrons have spent a much larger sum. Two-thirds of our school buildings for white pupils are ceiled and furnished and nearly all the others will be in like condition before another winter. The colored people have not done much toward improving their schoolhouses, but they are beginning to take more interest in making them comfortable.
It is the purpose of our board to continue this work till every school in the county occupies a neat, well-finished and wellfurnished building.
Encouragement has been given to tree and flower culture,

1.')0
and has resulted in many beautiful trees and 'flowers being transplanted during the past winter. Earnest efforts will be continued till the scho:olgrounds throughout the county have been made beautiful.
We have succeeded in securing competent teachers for nearly all our schools. Our teachers are better equipped for their work than formerly and as a rule they are making laudable I e'fforts at self-improvement. It has been the policy of our board in every possible way to encourage, on the part of our teachers, efforts at self improvement and the results have been very gratifying. Our annual institutes have done much in arousing interest on the part of our teachers, but the most potent factor has been our State normal school, as seen in the very efficient work done by those teachers who have been trained in that great institution,
The attendance in our schools during the past year was somewhat hindered by the prevalence of contagious diseases b,ut the increased interest on the part of the parents has to a certajn extent overcome this and the results have been encouraging.
Wide interest has been awakened on the subject of school libraries which it is hoped will result in much being done in supplying our children with good literature.
Plans are being vigorously pressed by our board of education to secure local taxation for the whole county, with what seems to be a very general public sentiment in its favor, and it is hoped that our next annual report will show a longer term and better equipped schools.
The work of laying off the county into school districts has been completed and with a few exceptions it has been entirely satisfactory.
SPALDING COUNTY.
J. O. A. Miller, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
You observe that the school fund of $9,166.96 for the year 1906 supplemented by $600 brought over from 1905, was apportioned amongst teachers of forty schools of the county, after paying expenses of administration. The disbursement

1.51
of the school fund is' shown in books and papers in possession of your body.
That all the means provided in the school fund have been wisely expended in advancing the best interests of our schools, there is no room for reasonable doubt. More could have been done with ampler resources. Additional funds would have secured longer terms, better houses, fuller equipments, better compensation for teachers. Each and every additional material improvement would have increased popular favor and enthusiasm. 'Without amplification or argument, it is quite obvious that the chief demand is for an increase of revenue for school purposes.
In making appropriations for the sustenance of our public school system, the State Legislature has about discharged its self-conceived estimate of official duty. We may not expect further direct aid from this quarter. However, the legislative department, in ob;edience to the constitutional-mandate to make ample provision for the financial support of our common schools, has enacted a statute whereby, indirectly, through the concurrent will and willingness of the people, there may be derived an easy and ample increase of school funds adequate to all of out present and prospective scholastic needs. The law thus passed, with the designated purpose of raising money for schools by means of local taxation, has delicate and sensitive regard for the sovereign rights of the common people. There is not the slightest suggestion of coercion or compulsion.
As to whether "older heads" now in main control of the future destinies of the children will decide to invest a slight percentage of their present abundance in the education of their own offspring, depends upon the cool judgment and sound discretion of the voters themselves. A wise and beneficent law opens up a safe and sane highway to educational development. It remains for the people to make their own decision to walk therein.
The question of local taxation for school purposes is now decidedly uppermost in the minds of our chief educators. The problem involved in preparing the rising generation for complete living and for greatest usefulness will be solved when we avail ourselves of the advantages that will certainly ensue from the operation of the law when adopted and enforced. Thi~ is decidedly the judgment of our wisest men, not only in Georgia, but in other Southern States. An educational campaign

152

in the interest of local taxation has been planned for the State and the South. Some of the leading counties in Georgia already operate the law with gratifying results. Individual school districts in many places have adopted local taxation for bettering school conditions. That the people of Spalding county may consider the advantages to be derived from local taxation for school purposes, I respectfully ask the influence of your members in behalf of the measure.

COMMISSIONER'S STATEMENT FOR 1906.

Our forty rural schools of Spalding county accomplished

good work during 1906. There was nothing in the way of

parade or show attempted by the teachers, who faithfully in-

structed their pupils in the legal branches of study. The city

board of education in Griffin deserves credit for cooperating

with us in the education of the children employed at the cotton.

mills.

.

The board of education has been preparing the way for local

taxation. Our general plan for this year is to do thorough

work in the school, and to continue agitation of the subject of

loc,!-l taxation until we secure its consideration at the polls.

STEW'ART CDUNTY.
T. T. James, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
(Statistics same as reported to State Department.) The terms of the schools have been lengthened to seven months. This gives all pupils of the county an opportunity to get a good common school education. Some of the schools have teachers that are giving high school courses. I wish to say that the efficiency of the teachers during the past year has been marked. We now have a better class of teachers than we have had for some time. We have been holding monthly institutes during the term, and the teachers have taken a deep interest in the same. Some of the patrons of the schools and citizens' of the county have also shown an interest in these institutes and attended some of the meetings. It is th~ purpose of the board of education, during the months of May and June, to have all the schoolhouses painted

-that belong to the county. Some of them have already been

painted. Patrons and citizens are coming to realize more and

more the importance of having good and well-equipped school

buildings for their children.

-

One of the great difficulties in the way of the public schools

of this county is the fact that patrons do not send their chil-

dren to school regularly. It is good for a pupil to go to' school

for a short while, but it is better for him to go all the time.

The demand for intelligent men aJ.ld women is growing, and

unless the opportunity is seized now of making use of the pub-

lic funds it will be too late in a few years to grieve over what

"might have been."

The honorable grand jury is a representative body, repre-

senting the citizenship in all parts of the county, and I think

it is appropriate to call their attention to these things that

each one when he returns may arouse an interest in education

in his community.

SUMTER COUNTY.
W. S. Moore, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We commend the county school commissioner and the board of education for the efficient work they have done. Weare satisfied that the funds belonging to this department are being wisely and judiciously expended, and while we have possibly the largest balance in the treasury, they are giving us the longest school term that we have ever had, and are from time to time erecting new schoolhouses throughout the county.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
We have erected two new school buildings during the year 1906, and equipped them with single desks and other necessary appliances. Attention is being paid to improvement of school grounds. Trees have Qeen planted at all schoo,l grounds where needed.
Our teachers measure up to a high standard, many of them attend summer schools and come back better prepared for work during the fall term.
Parents are more interested, and in some localities pay liberally to maintain long term schools. Our public term for

154"
1906 was eight months for whites and seven months for negroes, which i~ about all the time the negroes can use to advantage.
We have a library in nearly every white school, and expect to continue until we establish one in every white school. The progress of grading the schools has not been advanced as fast as we would like, nevertheless much has been done for the betterment of the schools on this line.
Nothing has been done along the line/of county contests in declamation. Progress in teaching agriculture has been slow. Some work has been done in all the schools.
Our work in 1906 was good. Many teachers did excellent work, and were ever ready to co~operate in any work for the betterment of the schools. We held monthly teachers' meetings at which the attendance was good, and good results followed every meeting.
Transportation of pupils has been in force for two years and works well. We run a wagon to each of two schools. I find the attendance of the plJpils transported better than that of those living near by.
The local tax in my county' is a problem I do not know how to solve. We have a large colored population, and the whites will not support any measure to tax themselves for education if the negro is to get the benefit of the money raised by taxation.
I shall continue to stress the things that will be for the upbuilding of the schools of my county during the year 1907.
TELFAIR COUNTY.
Hon. T. P. Windsor, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
Though far short of what it should be, I am gratified to state that our progress has been greater than that of any previous year. We have built and have in process of erection several school buildings since my last report. These buildings are far superior in kind to those built heretofore. \Ve have made needed repairs on a number of buildings since my last report. A very encouraging fact just here is, the people have been liberal in private contributions in all of this work. We have

Excels'or School O'd Euilding, 'Iif~ Co~nty. Excelsior School, Tift County

156
put in quite a number of patent desks, to the cost of which the people have contributed in every instance.
Our teaching talent has greatly improved over that of former years. This is, to my mind, the most encouraging condition of all, for truly no stream can rise above its fountain.
The question of local taxation has been freely discussed before the people. We have one school district that has voted' local taxation. There is one other to act at an early date. Our people, as a rule, seem to think that the term is already as long as they can at present avail themselves of, considering the unsettled condition of labor.
At China Hill and at Milan we are working to establish graded schools, and making fairly good progress. My board wiII assist liberally as wiII be consistent with the best interest of the other schools of the county in this enterprise.
We are still holding to a five months' public term, preferring to invest the small increase in school funds to the betterment of teaching talent, rather than in the extension of term. We feel this policy to better subserve the best interest of the children.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
The report of Commissioner Windsor is a very encouraging one, and it shows that he is in thorough touch with his work and is planning and acting wisely in this important part of our county'$ business. He deserves the commendation of all our citizens in the good service he is rendering the county.
TROUP COUNTY.
Hatton Lovejoy, County School Commissioner.
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
More general interest is' being shown than ever before in schools. The people of the county generally are improving their schoolhouses, and the board of education is sharing the expense of this improvement. The pay of teachers was raised at the beginning of 1906 and again at the beginning of 1907, and will probably be raised again at the beginning of the fall term of 1907. Our schools are open nine months to all those that can use this much time. The above covers in brief the most important features of our progress.

15;
TWIGGS COUNTY.
B. S. Fitzpatrick, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
Exttacts from minutes of grand jury concerning books, etc., of B. S. Fitzpatrick, county school commissioner of Twiggs county:
Jury of last fall term : "We compliment the county school commissioner on neatness, accuracy, and business-like manner of keeping his accounts."
Spring term: "We further find after a thorough examination of the records of the county school commissioner that he has received during the year 1906 the sum of $8,667. 14. Vie also find he has paid out on proper vouchers $8,612.33, leaving a balance of $54.81 in his hands for that date. We also find that he has received for the year 1907 $2,129.43, and paid on proper vouchers up to date $2,129.43, leaving a balance of nothing."
REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.
One neat building, 24 by 40, has been erected for white children, nearly all the white schools having already suitable buildings. Also a neat two-room building has been erected at Danville, where a line school is run, that is a model of comfort and convenience. As a result of an order that the negrb schools vacate the churches, four new schoo'l buildings have been erected and another is in process of construction.
Seven sets of patent desks were ordered for last term and this term up to this date.
The matter of better school buildings and better equipment is constantly urged upon the people, and it is gratifying to see public appreciation for these improvements growing.
The teachers were instructed to observe arbor day, and as a result of this observance the matter of beautifying our school grounds has become a fixed part of our school work.
The teachers are urged to invite the people to attend these exercises, and thus use the occasion to weld the link between the home and the school.
Supply of teachers has been one of our most serious problems, and more and more is one convinced that more money

159
must be put into the schools if the vocation of teacher expects to compete with other callings for the best talent and the best service. The teaching profession is conservative, and has not kept pace with other callings in the matter of emolument offered its employees. So not so many are knocking at its doors for entrance as were some years ago, before salaries in other fields outstripped those in this field.
A regular monthly institute was kept up, with a good program. A monthly institute is indi$pensable for the successful operation of the schools. During the last term the interest taken by the teachers in every means of self-improvement was very manifest.
The regular attendance for the year was not so good as for the previous year. This was clue to the extremely wet season and the scarcity of labor, many of the children being kept out of school to help in the crops.
Some of our schools extend the public term by private subscription, and to encourage these long term schools the board pays the teachers a better salary than to teachers of an ordinary short term scnoo!.
The library is being regarded more and more as a necessary adjunct of the school. Nearly all our white schools are supplied with libraries, and, beside these, we have one good teacher's library and three circulating libraries.
Every teacher is required to read during the term some good professional work or some good school journal.
Diplomas were granted to seventeen seventh grade graduates.
In the matter of grading the country schools, slow and steady progress is being made.
County contests have excited considerable interest for some time, and in the past term suitable prizes' were offered for declamation, elocution, composition, and drawing, the contest being held on the last day of the annual institute.
The following were the prize winners in the above contests: Declamation, Davis Stokes; elocution, Elvagene Cowart; composition, Cornelia Burns; drawing, Ruth Johnston and J olm Harrison.
Agriculture is taught in its regular place in the prescribed course of study for the public schools, and with an increasing interest on the part of teacher and pupil. An effort will be

160
made this tenn to use the school garden as a field for giving practical lessons in this important study.
An effort has been made to consolidate small schools, and payment for transportation of pupils has been o'ffered, but people have been slow to accept these needed improvements in our schools.
The redistricting of the county, as required by a recent law, has proved a very difficult task. The county contains 423 square miles, and this was divided into 2 I school districts containing 20. I square miles.
The present location of schoolhouses in the county is not an ideal one, but time is necessary to bring about a more satisfactory adjustment.
The accompanying map will show the outline of districts and the location of schools.
The board of education offered last year sixty dollais' for prizes for the best corn and cotton raised by public school pupils. This contest excited considerabJe interest, but this year the prospect is that still greater interest will be manifested, and a greater number of pupils will enter this contest, the board having renewed its offer of prizes.
The successful contestants for 1906 were: Estes Everett, first; Davis Stokes, second; Norman Vaughn, third.
From the official visits made to the schools this term, and from the reports coming from the teachers, the outlook is good for a fine year's work. The schools are fuller, as a rule, and the teachers are more interested in their work. If a burningambition can be planted in every teacher's breast to make of herself the best teacher possible, and the people can be made to feel that it is their paramount duty to educate their children, we shall have fuller schools and better work in the schools. These are some of my purposes for the present year, and to effect these a closer and more vigilant supervision will be had, characterized with kindness and sympathy for the teacher in her work; patrons will be aroused by public meetings and private interviews to a greater sense of duty to the children.
The question of local taxation will likely be taken up in some of the districts during the year. The school administration in this county has been hampered on this line, as just now the county is struggling to pay for a courthouse built to take the place of one burnt some years ago.

11 Be

16;)

UPSON COUNTY.

R. D. Shuptrine, County School Commissioner.

REPORT 01" C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.

The advance along all educational lines has been far greater

in the last ten years than in any previous decade; and your

board of education has labored earnestly and continuously to

bring the school work of our county fully up to the require--

ment of the times.

Its progress has been slow, and oftentimes impeded by ob-

stacles which seemed very discouraging; but after years of

patient work evidences of substantial improvement are seen

throughout the county.

For many years schools were taught five months in houses

which, with a few exceptions, were not worthy of the name;

now they are taught seven months, nearly all in good, com-

fortable houses, some of which are an honor to the communi-

ties that built them.



The course of study used in our public schools has been

adopted by the highest State authority, and the method of

teaching it has been carefully outlined by the State School

Commissioner himself, who is an experienced teacher.

It is the teacher's duty to see that all pupils pursue this

course of study. The law requires this, and permits no inter-

ference upon this subject from any source except from the

board of education.

Parents who neglect to furnish their children with all neces-

sary books and appliances are thoughtlessly depriving them of

a full participation in the benefits of the public school.

Few of our schools are graded as well as they should be. It

is not practicable to grade rural schools as strictly as city

schools, nor do I think such close grading desirable under

present conditions; but a proper classification is absolutely

necessary to successful work.
The oratorical contest, first inaugurated by Capt. J. R. At-

water in 1905, has taken a permanent place in our school work

as a regular annual exercise. Besides the regular Atwater and

Rowe medals, separate prizes may be offered in the contest of

the present year to those under eleven years old.

These contests, when properly conducted, have a great edu-

164
cational and social value. They arouse a laudable ambition among the pupils of the schools, give them confidence in them. selves, and tend to broaden their culture and elevate their ideals. They bring the people from every section of the county -even from adjoining counties-together in harmonious and sympathetic touch with each other.
The time and trouble taken to prepare these contests, so far from being lost, is profitably spent-perhaps more profitably spent than any equal period of time during the year.
All our teachers are expected to have some appropriate exercises on Washington's birthday, Lee's birthday, Arbor day, etc. Booklets containing valuable suggestions for these occasions are usually furnished from headquarters. Teachers that entirely neglect these exercises, or fail to keep in touch with the course of school work as planned and outlined by those whose authority gives direction to this course, will soon drift so far from the trend of the educational work of the day as to become incapable of following the methods of instruction required of them by law.
Our public school year embraces the seven scholastic months of December, January, February, March, April, July and August. This division of the time is made to suit the agricultural districts. If any other division of the term would suit the farming interests better than this the board of education would be glad to know it, and to arrange accordingly.
The county has been marked off into school districts, according to the McMichael law, as well as circumstances will permit, and all corpotate companies have been notified of the boundaries of their properties in each separate district.
Most of these companies have already made careful measurements in order to ascertain the exact amount of their property subject to taxation in any particular district, when said district imposes a local tax on itself for school purposes.
Upson's appropriation from the common school fund of the State is $12,644.94. - The additional sum to be received from the net hire of the State's convicts can not bie exactly estimated, because the quarterly payments vary; but a safe estimate will make it increase this amount to more than fourteen thousand doJ]ars~hich is more than we have received during any previous year. This increase does not come from an increase in property tax, but from the growing prosperity of the State that enlarges the resources from which a part of this fund is derived. A very

165
small local tax added to this would run our schools eight or nine months.
The school tax paid on the property of the whole county pays 98 cents per head for the children-white and coloredenrolled in its schools. This is exclusive of the poll tax.
In this county one who pays tax on seven thousand dollars' worth of property pays just enough school tax to send one pupil to one of our public schools during the seven months term. We pay a very small tax for this purpose, in proportion to the sum received and used for educational purposes.
The law places the management of the public schools entirely in the hands of the educational authorities. They prescribe the studies to be taught, and how they shall be taught, the time for opening and closing, and the number of hours to be taught daily.
According to the law they, and they only, can interfere with the teachers' management and method of instruction in the schoolroom. This makes a uniform method possible throughout the State.
The board of education will, in the future, issue a pamphlet containing the rules and regulations governing the schools of the county, as well as other information per.taining to the same.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We have examined the books and records of our county school commissioner and find them neatly and correctly kept and, from what we could find, that the county school commissioner is doing everything in his power to better the condition of the public.schools of the county. Just here we wish to congratulate the county in having at the head of its public schools a man of such devotion to the cause of education. Prof. R. D. Shuptrine has for years rendered faithful and proficient work in behalf of the public school, and under his official management the public school system of Upson county has been improved in the last few years beyond the fondest hopes of the most sanguine.
This honorable gentleman has fought unceasingly for many years the battles of our children against ignorance, and he is growing feeble from years of hard work. We trust that he may be spared to continue his work for many years to come. We, as the grand jury, believe that local taxation is the best system to adopt for the purpose of increasing public school advantages.

1M

WALKER COUNTY.

C. M.Conley, County School Commissioner.

REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.

Amount on hand at February court, 1906

$ 359 25

Amount received ft:om State

10,795 62

Amount received from estray:................

5 80

TotaL

AMOUNT PAID OUT.

C. S. C. salary. . . . ..

.

Members board. . . . ..

.

Postage and stationery

New buildings. . . . ..

.

Sundries (expense printing, other incidentals)

Interest. . . . ..

.

Institute. . . . . .

.

Teachers.. . . ..

.

$11,160 67

$ 693 00

. 170 00

.

38 45

. 321 00

. Il7 80

.

17 50

.

33 85

. 9,540 20

Total

,

$ro,93 r 80

COMMENTS OF GRAND]URY.

We find the county school commissioner's books kept in a

good, business-like manner.

"-

We recommend that Walker county's pro rata of the hire

of convicts be applied to the public school of the county.

REVIEW OF SCHOOL WORK.

The year 1906 was one of the most prosperous school years we have ever had. The enroIIment and attendance was better than we ever had before, more interest taken by pupils and patrons than generally. Fifty-five white schools, thirteen colored We have fourteen long term schools running from seven to nine months. Sixty-nine white teachers, thirteen colored. Five of the long term schools have special charters, two have local tax under the McMichael law; two high schools in county.
There is about $4,50 raised by tax and otherwise to supplement long term schools.
We are well supplied with teachers; have more teachers than schools. Three new buildings in 1906. Held monthly/teachers' meetings a portion of year.

167
WALTON COUNTY.
R. L. Paine, County School Commissioner.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
We find the books of the school commissioner correctly kept in a business-like manner, with proper entries for all moneys coming to the county for school purposes, with vouchers for all disbursements, showing to whom and how all moneys were expended. We commend him for this correct and businesslike manner, in which we found his books, and for the zeal and enthusiasm manifested in the cause of education. At this term of court we find, as shown by his report hereto attached, a balance of $1,028.97.
I
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
Wade H. Wood, County School Commissioner.
S. REPORT OF C. C. TO' GRAND JURY.
In my opinion the year just closed was, in some respects, the most gratifying in the history of our public school system. Perhaps there was less discord and strife among the people over school matters than usual. The public altogether seems more disposed to co-operate with teachers and officials, and appears more and more inclined to realize and appreciate the good agencies of the school as an undeniable factor in general well-being. But one school was interrupted seriously by pestilential disease. . The enrollment of pupils was the largest in the record of this office, though I regret that the average attendance WCl,S in no respect improved. The present administration has followed the example of the board for a number of years in efforts to secure qetter buildings and equipment, until now there are only two schools without good, -hygienic desks suited to the different ages of pupils, and only one school without a comfortable building. Several of the schoolhouses have been painted. As in former years, interior decoration and other improvements have been specially urged, and under the direction and leadership of interested teachers the appearance of nearly every schoolroom has been greatly beautified. In the
-_._,--- -- - - - - -

168
matter of schoolroom appliances. I regret to report nearly all schoolrooms very poorly equipped. As their need is realized, such appliances will doubtless be provided. I take special pride in the fact that there are among the schools of the county 21 libraries, with 2,302 volumes of books largely adaptable to all grades; that is, there are books suited to all ages of the children.
During the year for which I make report 27 white schools provided for private supplementary terms, thus augmenting the benefits of the public school term. As is well-known, it has been the policy of the present administration to encourage local effort on the part of patrons as far as possible. The board of education is using every resource at its command to enlarge the good results of our schools and deepen the generous appreciation and support of an intelligent people. Another source of great gratification to me is the fact that the worth and efficiency of our teachers, as an entire class, are not surpassed in any system in the State, I believe. As may be seen in the tab,alated report handed you herewith, we have a large number of normal trained teachers, or those specially prepared for the work of the schoolroom.' In intelligence, in consecration, in genuine appreciation of the great possibilities and responsibilities of the office of teacher, in deep devotion to duty and in unfailing faithfulness, these teachers in the main deserve our respect and encouragement.
While we find cause for great gratification and congratulation in the advancement which has come to education through our common schools, we have barely realized their true meaning to all phases of our social. civic and spiritual well-being; nor have we yet provided the means whereby this great insti~ tution may be perfected in its larger usefulness to our people.
There are some things which I firmly believe would serve most admirably to widen and deepen the good effects of our schools. I have already pointed out the number of school libraries. I shall never give up the fight for further improve~ ments until I am able to see a good collection of books in each school, and the number of volumes affording a usable and adaptable selection for all grades. In my report to this body last spring, I spoke more at length of the value, the "importance and the absolute indispensability of the school library. It is permissible to repeat that to teach a child to read and incline him to read, without at the same time teaching him

169
why to read and what to read, might be worse than not to teach him to read at all. The country, as is too well known already, is flooded with all sorts of publications, many of them vile and pernicious in their influence with the susceptible minds of our youth. We can not prevent such publications. At the same time, we can do what is perhaps better-we can give the child good books, and thereby cultivate a love for the true, the beautiful and the good; we can so link our youth to a love for the pure and the refining in literature that they may be forearmed against vicious publications of every class. By all means give the child such education as our schools afford, but, at the same time, provide means by which,his culture may be widened and his interest sustained. The presence of the library will also find ample excuse in the pleasure and culture which it will bring to the parents of the children, even if its salutary benefits were not so probable. with the children. When we reflect that books, good qooks-the best fruits of the best minds who have been devoted to making the world better-are exceedingly cheap in our times, our failure to provide these measureless sources of refinement and happiness can claim no defense at our own hands. As I view it, the value and importance of the school library are so decidedly self-evident that its further advocacy is uncalled for.
I have mentioned briefly another source of wholesome influence which we must recognize as prerequisite to perfection of the school in its truest and best influence with the youngimproved and beautified buildings and grounds. There are things in life which exert a silent, but none the less potent, influence upon the life and character of old people and young people. Educators and others who have studied and understand some of the elements of growth which takes place in the making of a mature individuality, personality or character, have long since concluded that the nature of the child is stimulated, directed by and partakes of the character of his environment or surroundings. If this be true, and if it is a fact that neat, clean, orderly, systematic, harmonious and beautified things upon which the child will gaze tend to polish both mind and heart; if the contrary also be true, how imperative that we fill the child's environment \vith sources of silent impression which will soften, strengthen and refine his nature in the processes of growth.
Contemplation of the grandeur, goodness, greatness, wisdom


170
and love of God makes one spiritual-nurtures a responsive sympathy and love for all mankind. Admitting this, we must go further and admit that contemplation, looking upon the orderly, the pure, refined and beautiful will impose their likeness upon the character of the child's life in a great measure. I feel, therefore, that in repeatedly urging interior and exterior improvements and the better appearance of buildings and grounds, I have not sought to misapply the purposes of our schools, but that I have taken one of the best means to advance and make secure the most far-reaching and desirable fruits of their efforts. The interior of every schoolroorp, it seems to me. should have the most tasteful and simple decorations.
Flowers and shrubbery should be planted, together with trees, upon every school ground. In connection with this improvement, upon every SdlOOI ground there should be a school garden, which has not only an esthetic aim, but a utilitarian aim as well. Since the introduction of agriculture as a branch of study in the public school course, something like the school garden is absolutely necessary in order to give practical demonstrations in the illustration of theories anclJ matters taught.
Another matter which your body should notice, I think, is the irregularity of attendance at our schools. Without attempting to argue the deplorable condition, I say dogmatically and plainly that the State of Georgia should enact and enforce a compulsory school attendance law, safeguarded by such provisions as will not pervert its purposes and not work a hardship upon the people. It can be done. If we must levy taxation upon the property of the State to maintain its public schools, the State should likewise compel the people whose children are intended to receive this b~nefit to avail themselves of it.
It is evident that the people of their own accord will never do this; then enact and enforce laws of compulsion. The people might oDject, but there are occasions in the administration of government when the disregard of whimsical ignorance and prejudice may be the acknowledged wisdom of statesmanship and best policy.
I beg, further, to call the attention of your honorab,le body to a condition which, in my opinion, would serve to advance the interests of our schools. That condition of progress is a reduction in the number of schools. There are only a few

171
districts in the county where further consolidation could be effected without inconvenience to the pupils, unless transportation of pupils be engaged in. I believe, however, that transportation of pupils is not only practicable, but is directly desirable, when we consider the great improvements that could be instituted as a consequence of consolidation thus effected.
It could be done with little, if any, additional expense. It is true, that as we experimented with transportation a few years since, it was not popular. I can not say that it was not a success. Admitting that perhaps it was not a success, in that it was not continued, I say with perfect candor and confidence that it was not the fault of consolidation, nor was it the fault of transportation. It has been tried in other States with eminent success and satisfaction to the patrons.
Let us notice some of the effects following transportation as a means of consolidating schools. It will simplify supervision, there being fewer schools, and the superintendent's attention being thereby concentrated. 2d. It has been the experience with other States, and in some sections of our own State, that expenses of operation have been diminished by this means. 3cl. Through consolidation we would be enabled to increase the numb~r of teachers at a given school, and decrease the number of grades to be taught by the individual teacher; therefore, the efficiency of the work would be increased by the proportionate decrease in number of grades to one teacher. 4th. It would not tend to but would actually secure larger and better regular attendance. 5th. It would permifthe introduction of a more advanced and better graded course of study, running into high school work, giving to the rural community the same. advantages that are enjoyed by the most favored municipal community. 6th. It would allow us to organize our schools with an experienced, strong teacher as principal of each school. This is a consideration in itself that should appeal to every man who has sincere concern for the good of his people. 7th. By better and more satisfactory organization and better grading, concentrating the work of the teacher, and other improvements consequent upon such conditions, employment in such schools would be more eagerly sought by talented and cultured men and women, hence the improvement in class of teachers engaged would readily follow. 8th. As it is, with no opportunity for higher education in view by the average pupil in rural districts, most of our children's schooling ends with the

172
fifth or sixth year. If we had better facilities readily accessible to the ill-favored and too often discouraged child in the country, his education would be carried further. 9th. By reason of the condition just alluded to, men of better means and good influence in most every community have felt it incumbent upon them to move to "town" in order to educate their children. This is bad for the pupil in many instances, and always bad for the community from which such men, who are more or less leaders there, move. IOth. It would give the country child, where advantages under the present status of affairs educationally are most meager, as good, or better, advantages as the town child, with never the misleading and dissipating conditions that serve to arrest and prevent right growth along/ safe and wholesome lines. 11th. Congregating a large number of children would tend to whet the life and spur the ambitions 'of each. The school spirit would be strong and progressive. 12th. The consolidation I have in mind would enable school officials to provide better buildings, better equipment, appliances and apparatus, and better physical facilities of every kind. 13th. It would tend to endanger the body and health of no pupil, and at the same time help to safeguard many in these respects.
There is another live and important topic of discussion among good citizens of the State at the present time which affects very vitally the future of our public schools. I refer to local taxation. By local tax, I mean a county or district tax supplementary or additional to the general State tax now levied for the support of the public schools of the State. Permit me to enumerate some good results which I believe would follow the adoption of such a tax in this county. 1. It would equalize the burden of supplementary terms. Under present conditions, wherein the supplementary term or private terms of our schools are dependent entirely upon the generous inclinations of a very few in each community, it is often difficult to extend the terms at all, and they then vary from year to year and in different schools. 2. It would unify the term of all schools in the county, and make them the same every year. 3. It would make our school system a whole system instead of a part system, giving us a longer term, and not dependent upon the caprice of ever-changing conditions. 4. \Vith larger means thus afforded we could employ a better class of teachers, because we could pay better salaries, and because of fixed and more satisfactory arrangements a better class of teachers would

173
wish to engage in the work. 5. Local taxation, where it has been tried in this and other States, has directly improved attendance. 6. Having a surer and larger source of means, we would provide better school buildings and other physical equipments. 7. The people realizing that the fund~ used in the 0peration of the schools come directly from thl':m and are expended directly in schools in their own midst, would naturally feel a greater interest in schools. 8. Over three-fourths of the people of the State live in country districts; and as most all town districts already have local taxation, or other means with which to gain the same benefits aimed at in local taxation, the country people would be the class most benefited. By improvements thus afforded, the tendency to become disgusted and unconcerned with the school in the country on the part of the people, especially the wealthier class, and move away, leaving the school to go to ruin, with the farm left in the hands of irresponsible and careless tenants, would be arrested. General prosperity would thereby be better safeguarded. Social conditions of the country people would be improved, and their home life made happier and sweeter. Citizenship, would be improved, and the' country would receive the stimulus of a stronger and sturdier class of people. The fact that no district or county which has adopted local taxation ever voted it out, proves beyond question, even if there were no other stronger reasons, the pronounced wisdom of the law.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
It affords this body great pleasure to take note of the progress and improvement of our public schools. It appears that the pUQlic at large appreciates and supports this important institution better than ever before, yet we urge a still greater interest on the part of all our citizens in the cause of educating our youth; and we further urge our people to more fully sustain and co-operate with earnest teachers and officials and help them prepare our boys and girls for greater usefulness to our common welfare. Our schools aim at the making of better citizenship and the betterment of every phase of our complex life, therefore their neglect is little less than criminal.
More specifically, we commend and endorse the efforts being made to install good libraries in every schoolroom, thereby tending to increase the benefits of the schools and broaden and deepen the education and culture of our people. Our faithful

174

teachers deserve support and encouragement in this good work.

Likewise we look with great favor upon proposed improve-

ments in the appearance of buildings and schoolrooms and the

introduction of better appliances and equipments.

Realizing their importance and their good effects upon the

lives and characters of the young, and older people as well, we

recommend that our people be more mindful of improved and

beautified buildings and grounds, and urge that they aid and

support teachers and others who work toward this end.

Since the introduction of the study of agriculture in our

common school course the presence and care of school gardens

are almost indispensable to every well-equipped and organized

school, hence we insist that the patrons of each school lend their

aid to this improvement.

It is a matter of pride to this body to note the large enroll-

ment of pupils in schools of this county, but we deplore the care-

lessness of the people which permits such irregularity in aver-

age attendance. We urge people to exert themselves and as

far as possible keep their children regularly in school through-

out the term.

'

Believing that it will enable school officials to enlarge and

improve the worth of our schools thereby, we recommend the

adoption for the entire county of a local tax supplementary to

the general tax now levied by the State for the support of its

public schools,levied at such a rate as permitted by law, as will

yield a sum sufficient to operate free common schools regularly

for eight months each year, or such number of months as may

be desired by the people.

WAYNE COUNTY.
B. D. Purcell, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
The statistics and other items have been taken in part from the records of the office as I found them, my term not beginning until September. Attached you will find my annual report to the State School Commissioner. This will furnish you all the information necessary, but there are a few items contained therein to which I desire to call your special attention.
There are fifty-nine (59) white teachers in Wayne county.

Jesup H;gh School, Jesup, Ga. Wayne Co.

176
Of these thirty-six (36) hold first grade and State licenses. All colored teachers, except three, hold third grade.
The school census of nineteen hundred and three (1903) shows that there were two thousand nine hundred and eightynine (2,989) children of school age in the county; two thousand three hundred and forty-four (2,344) were enrolled during nineteen hundred and six (1906); the per cent. of enrollment being seventy-eight (78); the average attendance was fifteen hundred and eight (1,508), being sixty-five (65) per cent. of the enrollment.
Thirty-six (36) of the white schoolhouses belong to the board of education of the county; eighteen do not. The board owns none of the colored schoolhouses.
Only one new schoolhouse was built during the year nineteen hundred and six (1906). We hope to see not less than ten built this year.
A number of the colored schools, and also a few of the white schools, were untaught during the year nineteen hundred and six (1906) on aecount of the lack of teachers.
The board of education has agreed to pay one-half the factory cost and the freight for patent school desks for our schools. It is hoped that the schools will take advantage of this liberal offer, so that our schoolhouses will soon be properly seated. This would materially increase the efficiency of our schools.
Not very much can be accomplished in the further upbuilding of our schools and also in keeping abreast with our sister counties in progress along this line, until more money is provided. The only method through which more school funds can be obtained is by local taxation as provided for by the McMichael law enacted in nineteen hundred and five (1905) and amended in nineteen hundred and six (1906). CCJnsiderable literature has been distributed by me on this subject, and there seems to be more interest awakened along this line among our citizens. The truth is, that wherever it tax is levied for school purposes that tax is willingly paid by the people, and, therefore, it is. harped that before long the taxpayers of Wayne county will take favorable action in this matter:.
The greatest weakness of our schools is the fact that the .amount of money that the board of education can appropriateto each school is not sufficient nor is the term long enough to hoM men and women of ability as teachers. They are able to find more remunerative employment in many other channels.

177
of endeavors. What the school authorities of the county need is sufficient means so that an eight months term can be provided and a salary large enough to enable the board and commissioner to employ none but able and successful teachers. By invoking the aid of the McMichael law, and the levying of a special school tax of two and one-half mills, the larger portion of which would be paid by the railroad corporations and other large landed interests and but little by the farmers and poorer people themselves, our schools could then be placed upon the proper financial basis as outlined above.
The kindly and earnest consideration of the grand jury is invited to this most vital point as affecting the future progress of the schools of Wayne county.
REVIEW OF' SCHOOL WORK.
Not much educational progress was made in Wayne county this year. There was a lack of cooperation on the part of officials, teachers and patrons. Teachers did not receive the encouragement they deserved.
Several of our small schools failed to secure teachers because of the small salaries. Too many of the patrons still think it is the duty of the State to educate their children. In many communities a teacher who will not teach for county . funds need not apply.
But from the dark picture let's turn away and plan for the new year 1907. Here are some improvements we expect to make: The surplus fund left over from last year will be used in raising teachers' salaries, assisting communities in building new schoolhouses and in furnishing houses with neat, patent desks. When patrons raise one-half the amount needed to furnish the school with patent desks, the board will give the balance.
Many of the small schools will be abolished and large schools will be built; a monthy teachers' association organized; a number of school rallies to awaken an educational interest will be held, and the commissioner expects to visit every school in the county and see that the teachers do systematic work.
When the people fully understand local taxation we believe they will vote in favor of it.
The grand jury saw fit to adopt the report of the schools for 1906, which contains a recommendation for a local school
128e

Wayne County Court House, Jesup, Ga. Cost $25.000.
Estimated value of all school buildings, Wayne County, $22,500.

180
tax as provided by the McMichael law. For this we thank the grand jury, and as this body of intelligent and honorable citizens deemed it wise to adopt this recommendation, should not the people of the entire county seriously consider this paramount question? Nothing should lie nearer the hearts of parents than the education of their boys and girls. As we see it, not much improvement can be made till more money is provided. Can a person be made poorer by paying a small tax for the education of his children?
Until the beginning of this year the board of education met only four times a year in regular meetings, with an occasional call meeting; now it meets on the first Tuesday in each month. The minutes of each meeting are printed in the county paper.
Not until this year did our county papers show much interest in educational affairs, but now we have one which has generously opened its columns to any educational news or discussions, and its editorial columns are constantly steeped in educational thoughts. One of the editors of this paper is using his voice and pen in favor of local taxation and is arousing much interest in the subject.
There had never been a county teachers' meeting which convenedmonthly until this year. The teachers have held a meeting every month since January, and all have been benefited by these meetings.
One new schoolhouse was built last year; this year four have already been built. The board assists the schools in building.
At the beginning of 1907 only one school in the county had patent desks; now nine schools have new, patent single desks.
Last year the county school commissioner visited not more than ten schools. Up till the present the commissioner has visited thirty schools during this year.
Last year only $7,414.62 was paid to teachers; the appor- tionment for teachers this year is $9,50.
More of the schools have been taught or are now being taught than ever before at this time 'Olf year.
During first five months of 1907 patent desks have been placed in thirteen schools.

181
WHITFIELD COUNTY.
J. C. Sapp, County School Commissioner.
J REPORT OF C. S. C. '1'0 GRAND DRY.
During the year 1906 there were five months of public school, or 100 days. These figures show that the average number of days attended by each white child who -entered school was fifty-five, and for each colored child fifty-eight. Small as this may seem, yet the per cent. is greater than for any year during the last ten years-and I can't say how much further back than that.
These figures show that the patrons of the schools do not send their children with the regularity so essential to the proper training of the children.
What is the trouble? Is it that our teachers are less competent than in former years? That is scarcely possible, since the requirement made of the teachers has gradually been greater and greater, and the examinations from the State Department have been made more and more difficult each year, and the average per cent. required to secure license has been made higher.
Gentlemen, if you will consider what is expected of teachers and what compensation they reecive in return for their work, the wonder will be that they do even so well as at present.
A teacher goes into a community to take charge of the school and every patron in the district will expect him to be a paragon of virtue and knowledge; to possess all the good qualities that can be enumerated and none of the bad ones. Should we by chance get one who does possess all these traits, we give him no special credit or praise, but should he fail in any particular, "woe be unto him."
And yet, gentlemen, how much do we pay those of whom we expect so much?
The average monthly salary paid to the white teachers in this county during the year of 1906 was less than $27 per month.
Is it any wonder that teachers are hard to get and that many of our best ones leave us and go where they can receiv.e more for their labor?
Each year I receive scores of letters from well-qualified

18L
teachers from all over the country seeking a situation and desiring to come to the healthful climate of North Georgia. I write and tell them what salaries We can pay for their services, and about nine out of every ten never write again. No teacher under the blue canopy of heaven is too good for our Whitfield county boys and girls, but as the salaries paid are so small, we can not always get the teachers we want.
After we have done all that we can to secure the best teacher that can possibly be found, very often commissioner and local trustees will be criticised by unthinking patrons.
I have been connected with the public schools of our county all my life, have studied closely their needs, and my purpose in pladng qefore you these figures is to put you to thinking of the needs of the schools and to place before you some suggestions for their betterment.
Each child drew from the State treasury during the year of 1906 the magnificent sum of $2-42 with which to pay all school expenses of the county.
Do you think the amount sufficient to furnish the schools that are needed for the training of your children? Can you educate your child in private schools on less than 50 cents per month?
Could the city of Dalton or any other city of Georgia have its well-regulated system of graded schools if it depended alone on what is received from the State? We know that they could not, and if we get what they have and what we need so much, we shall have to do as they have done and levy on ourselves a system of local taxation to supplement the general State fund. Are not our country boys and girls as deserving as their city cousins, and are not their educational needs as great?
Gentlemen, I beg that you will think of these things and that when you go back to yo!.!r respective communities you will begin to agitate the question of local taxation for the public schools of Whitfield county.
Many of the more progressive counties of the State have already taken this important step, and I don't want old Whitfield to be left behind.
"It is the history of good schools that they cause a direct increase of from 25 to 50 per cent. in the value of property, and a greater increase in intelligence of the citizens of the community, while crime and poverty are lessened. This state-

183
ment can be verified by those who care to investigate for themselves.
"The people of all communities are taxed to build jails and courthouses and to prosecute criminals, and yet there is hardly ever a word of complaint, but when a small tax for education, the greatest crime reducer the world has ever known, is proposed, some people complain that they are ruined, and are opposed to such despotic methods. Willing to be taxed to punish crime, but not willing to be taxed in a less measure to prevent crime and increase greatly the intelligence, integrity and wealth of the community! Why is this ?"
I would like to dwell on this subject, but time will not permit, so I will only add another paragraph that I read some time ago in regard to the matter.
"The rich man who opposes the training of his neighbors' children qecause of the taxes he must pay is blind to his own interests, for by this training his property is both protected and enhanced in value. As for the poor man who opposes the education which costs him nothing and by which his children are enabled to maintain their rights against the encroachments of wealth and power-does it not seem that he ought to be mounted on the back of a mule, and, with a grapevine for a bridle, steered in the direction of the nearest asylum for the feeble-minded?"
Now a word further in reference to the attendance of our children. I showed you at the beginning that it was less than 60 per cent. and we are powerless to help ourselves.
Gentlemen, I maintain that if it be the duty of the State to furnish free schools for its children, that it is no less the duty of the State to see to it that the children get the benefit of the schools that are provided for them. And where it is demonstrated that those who most need to go to school will not go, let us petition our representative and the General Assembly of Georgia to give us a law of compulsory attendance. I f we can get a county system. of local taxation and a State law of compulsory attendance, then can we hope to have such schools as we need and not before? When we rea.1ize that the future prosperity of this grand old commonwealth of Georgia depends altogether on the well-trained minds of its future citizens, and that the training of these minds depends altogether on us, shaH we still be content to sit with hanels ielly folded, doing nothing for the advancement of educational interests?

184
As for the teachers of our county, will say that I believe that each and every one of them, has tried to do his duty as he saw it, and has been faithful and true to his trust. A nobler set of men and women would be hard to find.
During the year we organi2ed a teachers' library for the use of the county teachers. We now have a library of more than one hundred volumes and hope to add more each year.
Our teachers' institute and examinations have been conducted according to the laws by which they are governed. . I have tried to encourage every teacher in the county to labor diligently to better prepare themselves for their important work, and I believe that most of them are doing this.
During the year two good substantial schoolhouses have been built, one at Mill Creek and the other at Dawnville. These houses are such that school patrons and children may well be proud of them. At Tilton a schoolhouse equally as good as the two mentioned is being built, but not yet completed.
And now a word in reference to the redistricting of the county, concerning which tbere has qeen a great deal of talk and no little complaint. The law says that each school district shall contain not less than sixteen square miles unless there are natural causes or local conditions that make it necessary to create smaller districts. The natural causes which will permit the creation of smaller districts are mountains, streams over which there are no bridges and dangerous roads. Where these natural causes do not exist and where there are no local conditions which make it necessary to create a small district, the board of education can not, without a clear violation of the law, create or allow to continue a school district containing an area of less than sixteen square miles.
Now let us see if our old school districts are large enough. In Whitfield county there are 285 square miles; there are fortyone white school districts in the county outside the city of Dalton and the average size of these districts is less than seven square miles. This law plainly says that they shall contain sixteen square miles.
Judge Fite in his charge to the grand jury, October-Term, 1906, called attention to this law and stated that it would be necessary for'the county board of education to take action in the matter.
Now it is a very clear proposition that the area of the school districts of the county can not be changed from less than seven

185
square miles to sixteen square miles without cutting out some of the schools. Neither can this be done without having some of the schoolhouses more than two miles from the homes of some of the patrons.
Under the law the board found it necessary to create a few small districts containing less than sixteen square miles, but on the whole they have complied with the law as nearly as was possible under the existing circumstances, and the number of school districts has been reduced from forty-one to twentytwo. In this re-districting, the board has been governed entirely .by the law which they are sworn to enforce, and has tried to act fairly and impartially to all.
I had nothing to do with making this law and it is not my purpose to defend it, but it is my sworn duty to see that it is executed in \Vhitfield county and this I shall attempt to do to the very best of my ability, thereby demonstrating its merits or lack of merit. Only qy a strict enforcement can we determine whether or not it will promote the general school interest of the county.
If after a fair test it is shown that the law does not suit this 'section of the State, and that its application will damage the school interests, then something will be done by our legislators to bring relief.
If, on the other hand, we find it better for some of our children to go further than at present and thereby have the advantage of better schools than we can possibly have at this time-find their progress much more satisfactory than at presentthen perhaps we will not want to change back to the old way.
Before we can get the new system into successful operation it will be necessary to build several new schoolhouses. The board proposes to meet the people half way in this matter and will pay for the material to be used in building these houses (if the funds will permit) provided the people will do the work and will build good, comfortable, substantial houses, the plans and specifications of which are to be approved by the board. The time during which this aid is proffered will expire October I, 1907, unless it is extended by the board.
It has been so arranged that at nearly every place where .a new house is to be built the present school buildings are in very poor condition, and at some places there are no school buildings at all and churches are being used for school purposes.

186
By this arrangement the board has been able to save nearly all of the best school buildings in the county as permanent school sites.
COMMENTS OF GRAND JURY.
The county schools are well looked after and the fiscal affairs, are well administered.
. WILCOX COUNTY.
E. S. Hamilto~, County School Commissioner.
REPORT OF C. S. C. TO GRAND JURY.
Taking charge of this department February IS, 1906, while most of the schools were in operation and some of them almost ready to close, I did not have time to give the attention to some of them that required. However, all annual reports were made to me, and from these I get my statistical data, herewith submitted, from about 4,000 children of school age in the county. \Ve had enrolled in 1906 only 2,018, just a few more than half. From the 2,018 enrolled only I,II4 attended regularly. Then we may conclude that there were practically 2,886 children in the county that-'--got no schooling last year. We readily see that it is apparent and imperative that some remedy be found that will change this fearful state of affairs. The time' that has been taught on the term of 1907 shows a much better average. I attribute this increase largely to the very careful selection of teachers-employing the very b.est that we could get for the pitiful sums that we could pay them. Most of theschools are supplementing the county funds.
I am also glad to state that some interest was manifested ill school improvements. Quite a number of trees were planted and some grounds fenced. Some interest was also taken in libraries.
Since the passage of the McMichael Act we have had seven districts vote local tax and have now two or three sections on file calling for elections. Those districts that have voted local tax show an increase in enrollment and average attendance. One of our greatest drawbacks is the inadequate school build-, ings that we have outside of the towns. We have only one room buildings, very few of the buildings are ceiled, very few properly lighted, heated and ventilated. In some communities.

187
we need three-room buildings, and in almost all, we need tworoom buildings. Two rural schools this year have employed assistants and they have been forced to teach in the same room with the principal. Weare doing all in our power to show the importance of better buildings, more comfortable and roomy buildings and believe before the year 1907 comes to a close we shall accomplish much along this line. The Act of August, 1906, requiring school districts to be laid off in each county of the State has been complied with. We have done our utmost to please the people as a whole in the laying off of these districts, yet there are a very few who do not want to submit" though the law requires it, and fairness and honesty has been our motto all the way through.
COMMENTS 01" GRAND JURY.
'vVe have examined the books of the school commissioner and find them very neatly and accurately kept.
REVIEW 01" SCHOOL 'vVORK.
I beg to hand you a brief report of the work done in Wilcox county in the' year 1906. When I was elected to this position the 15th of last February, quite a number of the schools were in operation, and some of them just about out, therefore, it required just about all my time to visit the schools before they closed.
I arranged some plans of work, however, and did all in my power to execute them, some of these plans were for better buildings, better improvements around the buildings, better' furniture, etc., inside the buildings, local taxation, libra,ries, more than one teacher for the larger schools, better qualified and better paid teachers, longer terms, better attendance, more interest b;y the patrons of rural schools.
I was very successful in executing most of my plans, especially in the voting of local tax, although we did not try the county as a whole which I realized would have been better for us; but it would not have voted local tax at that time, and now, by the districts, we have voted it in seven, and believe before the year comes to a close we shall have carried at least ten districts for local tax. In regular attendance we did not succeed very well, labor was very hard to get last year, and hundreds of the boys were compelled to stop school and work on the farms.

188
In buildings we did not do very much; but what we did do was for the best; Union school purchased a nice dwelling house valued at $1,000 and converted it into a nice school building of three rooms, one hundred and fifty acres of fine farming land was also purchased with the building, total cost, $3,000. We are endeavoring to make this a model school. We ate proud to state that more trees were planted last year than in any previous year, some school grounds were fenced, and flowers planted, a number of stumps were removed from the grounds, and much outside work was accomplished.
More blackboards, pictures, maps, and charts were put inside the school buildings this year than in any previous year, about four permanent libraries were established, we had none before in the rural schools. Our buildings are very poorly equipped with furniture, not a rural school having patent desks. It has been impossible for the board of education to assist in furnishing the buildings, therefore, no interest has been shown along this line. Two rural schools employed assistant teachers and four other schools needed assistants. Several schools supplemented as much as two months last year to the public term, and many more will supplement this yea.r. In 'R number of the districts the patrons manifest much interest in schools, while in others, it seems impossible to get them interested. However, we did not expect all these blessings to be showered upon us at once, and have by no means given up; but ate striving to accomplish just as much more in the year 1907 as it is possible for us to accomplish.
Our great need is more funds that we might get some of these movements on foot. We have almost twice as many chil dren of school age in this county as we had when the census was taken in 1903. We are, therefore, not in position to give the schools the appropriation they really need, and none whatever to apply on buildin~ and furniture.
The schools under local systems at Abbeville and Rochelle have been doing ex'cellent work, enrolling many more students than in any previous year. The school at Pineview operating under the local tax Act has grown to an enormous enrollment requiring four teachers besides a music teacher. The colored schools had a very good enrollment, and did some excellent work in school improvement. The scarcity of teachers caused some of the schools to not get the full term in last year.

189

WORTH COUNTY.

L. D. Passmore, County School Commissioner.

COMMEN'rS OF GRAND JURY.

We have carefully examined the books of the county schooE

commissioner and find his books neatly kept and in a busi-

ness-like manner. We find, after checking over proper vouch

ers corresponding to the expenditures above and a balance-

therein set out to have been with the bank. We further find

that the county school commissioner has, without delay,

transmitted payment to teachers as quickly and promptly as.

he could legally do so. Owing to this promptness no teacher

in Worth c9unty has paid one cent of interest to any bank to

have his salary discounted during the year 1906. We find

from the report of the State School Commissioner our schoon

board lacked $3,541.57, spending the apportionment of last

year, which will be added to the apportionment of the present

year.

:L

We believe it to be the duty of the grand jury to give more-

time and attention no the schools of the county, and we have-

undertaken to study carefully this interest. We find that the

school conditions are' improving, as is evidenced by the things~

our people are doing. All the schools have been run consecu-

tively for six months and the tendency has been to grade the-

schools, which we commend. We find that almost every school

in the county has either rebuilt or improved itself by ceiling,

buying patented desks or otherwise equipping itself and that

every community in the entire county is supplementing the-

school fund in oroer to secure better teachers. We note, with

great pleasure, that many of our schools have bought and'

established libraries, and we recommend that every school not

already having a library get one if possible.

We recommend that the money arising for the hire of felony

convicts be continued to be applied to our public schools. '

192
CITY SYSTEMS.
ATHENS CITY SCHOOLS.
G. G. Bond, Superintendent.
In reply to your circular of the 29th ult., I beg to say that we are nearing the close of perhap-s the most prosperous year in the history of the Athens city schools. Up to the first of April of this year the enrollment in our white schools had increased IS8 over the enrollment of the previous year. Of this increase, thirty-one pupils came from a new kindergarten incorporated into our system in March last. During the period mentioned above, the enrollment in my colored schools fell off just fifty.
Another interesting feature of our work this year is the work of the high school pupils (white) in' the school garden. The sale of vegetables will about bear the ex,pe1ses of the garden. In addition to this, some very interegting experiments are being made in cultivating cotton and corn plants. Mr. Harper will try to capture the prize for the most fruitful stalk of Florodora cotton. I haven't space for giving the details of his plans. The outlook educationally is bright over this way.
DOUGLASVILLE SCHOOLS.
W. E. Dendy, Superintendent.
Your efforts to improve educational conditions in Georgia meet with the cordial approval of the teachers of the State, and from all indications I firmly believe the dawn of a new educational era is upon us. Every time I hear of the levy of a special tax for local schools, I feel that the light is breaking and will grow brighter with the lengthening of the years.
Locally speaking, Douglasville is doing right nobly by education. Recently teachers' salaries have been raised and that is a certain sign that there is going to be a modern school building very soon; please watch the prediction. I desire to state just here that in my humble opinion that the State of Georgia should provide more liberally for the common schoo-Is

193
and compel every child in its borders to attend them; it is simply a duty the State owes to its future citizenship, it is the only sure foundation upon which to build.
Wishing you God-speed in the great cause for which you are laboring so faithful.
DUBLIN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Kyle T. Alfriend, Superintendent.
In reply to your request of a few days ago as to what we q.re doing that may be of interest to the school authorities of the State, I will say, our board voted last week to introduce manual training and domestic science into the schools. We shall work with the county schools. The county will pay onehalf the salary and will have use of teachers every Saturday and at times during the week, in order that the teacher may visit county schools. The city board will furnish all equipment, rooms, etc.
I have made a diligent effort to break up tardiness and absence. We have used three combined plans: (a) more than two excused tardy marks or absentee marks kept child off of monthly honor roll; (b) one unexcused tardy mark kept him off; (c) a weekly average of attendance and punctuality has been made of each grade, read every Monday morning at opening exercises, then posted on blackboard in hallway for the week. The grade making highest average was given a "star" and carried a pretty banner to opening exercises and out to school-grounds at recess. This had an excellent effect. Nearly every week the average for the whole school was over 95 per cent., never below 90. We have also on Mondays dismissed all pupils who have not been absent or tardy during past week thirty minutes earlier than rest of school. Our board will raise all the lady teachers' salaries for another year at least IO per cent., maybe 20, if money is available. My own salary was raised $250 last Christmas.
13 sc

194
'fALLAPOOSA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
A. L. Brewer, Superintendent.
While Tallapoosa public school is still far below ideal, yet this has been a year of marked advancement along several lines.
At the close of last year the board of education raised the salaries of the grade teachers nearly IS per cent., a fitting expression of its appreciation of the high class work being done by those teachers.
The course of study was thoroughly revised, giving greater prominence to practical work in English, and giving greater stress to the study of literature throughout the entire school, thus bringing the course of study up to a favorable comparison with those of the best high schools of the country.
Early in the yearthe board of education placed in the school a complete cabinet of physical apparatus, which is very convenient and meets in a satisfactory way the demands of an elementary course in physics.
Another important change in the high school work was the installation of the department system in the high school. The plan has proven quite satisfactory.
A new and effective interest has been awakened in the subject of school libraries. Certain of the grades have taken advantage of Hawthorn library ticket plan with very satisfactory results, providing themselves with a moderate supply of well-chosen books.
By means of entertainments the school has raised a considerable sum (')f money which will afford quite a material increase in the general school library. The teachers aided by the board of education have secured a number of pedagogical books, which, together with twelve of the best educational periodicals, furnish an abundance of professional reading.
Through the cooperation of the board of education and the persistent efforts of teachers and pupils a complete transformation has been wrought in the appearance of the school grounds. And what has been done along- this as well as many other lines, is only the beginning. Our ideals are high and we intend to continue to struggle toward them.

195
'l'lFTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Jason Scarboro, Superintendent.
I am pleased to report rapid progress in educational affairs in Tifton during the current year.
We moved into our splendid new building, equipped at a cost of $30,000, on January 14th. One of the results has been that our a.verage attendance jumped from 235 last term to 400 this term.
The city board of education admits all pupils in reach Of our school, on condition that the county board pay to the city the pro rata part of educational fund coming to pupils outside the city limits.
As our county has local taxation, tuition is free to all children in the county and city. The greatest satisfaction seems to prevail at the educational advantage gained by local taxation. There is no question that real estate values have all increased rap,idly, because every child in the county is in reach of a free school for at least six months of each year.
The average salary of our county and city teachers is $55 per month. We have as fine teachers throughout the county as I have ever seen in one community. These teachers are all paid their salaries promptly at the end of each month. .
In the city school, our normal class meets each Tuesday afternoon for one hour, when we have informal discussions of any matters of interest to the school.
Our school-grounds have been set this spring with one hundred oaks, bays, etc. vVhile the grounds are new, we a,re starting right, and intend to ha.ve them enclosed soon; and then we shall set varieties of shrubbery, and plant flower-beds, etc.
The Tifton Gazette has ever stood in the very front rank of educational thought, and has been potent in every stage of progress of all kinds. Fortunate is that community whose local paper is unrelenting in its efforts in moulding public opinion into broader philanthropy and purer patriotism.
Our. people are enjoying progress and prosperity rarely found in any community.

196
VIDALIA PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
E. L. Ray, Superintendent.
It has been the purpose of our teachers to thoroughly grade-
the school. To this end, we have adopted the course of study
arranged by you for the first seven grades, adding a little sup-plementary work to each grade. The high school course has.
been aranged according to the suggestions made by Prof. J.
S. Stewart, thereby make our school an accredited school withthe University of Georgia.
Our normal class is composed of the teachers of the school, and the meetings are held weekly. To these meetings thestudents of the advanced grade are admitted, except the timefor holding a business meeting. All teachers are required to take a part inthe discussion of the different subjects.
Reports of students are sent out monthly to parents or guardians. These reports contain the record of the pupils for the month.
During the past three years, the number of teachers and thesalary of each have been very much increased; three years agO' the board of trustees employed three teachers, paying as low as $30 per month for two of the teachers, but at present they employ seven literary teachers, and the lowest salary is $4<Y per month.
Our school building is one among the best, and, for convenience, I believe that it is not excelled in the State. It is furnished at a cost of $2,500 with the latest improved furniture;also a nice laboratory has been added.
Some attention has been given to the improvement of theschool-grounds. We have a nice lot of shade trees living aneF growing nicely; a small flower-garden is being cultivated.
A small library has been purchased, and more than two hundred volumes of the 'best books for boys and girls make thesubject of reading easier taught.
It is the purpose of the superintendent, with the cooperation' of the board of education to make the school better each year.
LOCAL TAXATION.
A great deal has been said and much written on this subject,. and what I might add would be of little importance, however, permit me to say that our school has been operated under thelocal system for the past year, and nothing could induce our" people to return to the old plan of paying tuition. The inter-

197
-est in the school work is much better, the grading has been -easier, and the attendance has increased more than twenty-five per cent.
I believe that local taxation will, to a great extent, solve the problem of illiteracy in the State.
WARRENTON HIGH SCHOOL.
H. B. Carreker, A.B., Principal.
The Warrenton high school has made substantial progress -during the past year both in equipment and in attendance. The town oj Warrenton voted an issue of $15,000 of bonds 0'11 which was realized $16,500 which, together with $1,000 insurance on the old building, has been used in the building ;and equipping of a new modern structure. This bond issue was made almost unanimous, there being but one dissenting vote, every negro even casting his ballot for the issue.
The teaching force has been increased from three to six :teachers, attended by an increase of 3331 in school attendance.
The school authorities are now taking steps to have legislation effected ,at the next session of the General Assembly whereby the town may levy a tax, thus placing the school on a more substantial basis and providing means for meeting the increasing needs such as a,re confronting every progressive school. If the bond election augurs anything, the question of taxation will meet with but little opposition.
Particular attention has been given towards making the ,grounds and schoolrooms attractive. In every room there are found many appropriate pictures together with boxes and pots .()f growing flowers. The schDol and its surroundings are fast becoming the most attractive features of the town.
Special efforts are made in providing monthly entertainments for the patrons and friends of the school. These exer-cises consist of debates, recitations, songs and contests in the .studies of the pupils.
We contemplate for the coming year the introduction of some phases of manual training. Attention will be given to school gardening and to agriculture, which has been made possible by the recent purchase of two acres of land adjacent to the school.
We have recently expended approximately $300 in physical laboratory equipment. The school library has also reecived an addition of more than one hundred volumes vaiued at $75.

198
REPORT FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA AND BRANCH INSTITUTIONS.
Han. W. B. Merritt, State School Commissioner, Atlanta, Ga.
DEAR SIR: I have the honor to submit the foIlowing report for the University of Georgia for the year 1906-07:
To fill the vacancy caused by the death of Chancellor Walter B. Hill, reported in my last annual report, Professor David C. Barrow, Dean of Franklin CoIlege, was elected Chancellor at the last annual meeting of the board of trustees, and Professor Charles M. Snelling was elected Dean of Fraklin College to succeed Professor Barrow.
The year has been fuIl of earnest work and steady progress along all lines. The health of the students has been good. There has been one death in the faculty, that of Instructor Don Quitman Abbott, which occurred on the 25th of March. His gentleness, culture and faithfulness endeared him to us dIl, and added great personal grief to the loss of the University.
The enrollinent has been 435, which is the greatest in the history of the University. This increase has not been at the expense of other colleges, which have all shown gratifying gains in attendance. This is what w~ work for, and earnestly desire-increasing gains from those who are not seeking higher education. The growth of the University is as rapid as could be expected, or indeed, as is desirable with our present equipment.
2-FORESTRY.
It is with gratification that I note the inauguration of a Course in Forest Engineering, leading to a degree. In my kst annual report I spoke of the creation of the Chair of Forestry, and of the election of Professor Alfred Akerman to carry on the work. As this is a new course, I venture to present it in full here:

199

FRESHMAN CLASS.

Drawing

3

English

3

History .. '"

'"

3

Latin or German. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3

Mathematics

6

Hours per week

18

JUNIOR CLASS.

Chemistry

3

Selected parts of Civil Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . .. 4

Drawing

2

Botany

3

Zoology

,

, '" . " '" . '" 3

Forestry

3

Hours per week

18

SOPI;IOMORE CLASS.

Engineering

3

Drawing,

'"

"

2

English

3

Latin or German

3

Mathematics

4

Physics

, .,

"

, '"

,3

Hours per week

18

Geology Economics Forestry

SENIOR CLASS.
13/z
3 , .................... 14

Hours per, week

183/z

3-GEORGIA HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY.
By the generosity of four patriotic citizens of Georgia, the University will be enabled, beginning with the next session, to offer courses in the History and Sociology of the State, as well as to begin investigation of those subjects. Messrs. S.

200
M. Inman, J. W. Grant, L. G. Hardeman and W. J. DeRenne
have contributed a sum of money sufficient to inaugurate the work.
4 -H EBREw.
During the year a course in Hebrew has been offered in the University under the direction of Rabbi 1. Koplowitz, of the local Jewish congr.egation. The work is entirely voluntary, and is open to all students of the University. Several men have taken advantage of the course, and excellent progress has been made. Through the activity of Mr. Koplowitz a number of valuable books on semitic subjects have been added to the library.
5 -BU1LDINGS.
As heretofore reported, the fund raised by the alumni of the institution has been appropriated by them to the erection of a Y. M. C. A. building and gymnasium, pf'ovided the friends of the movement in the State will raise a sum sufficient to bring the total amount to at least $75,000. It is believed that the gentlemen in charge of the work will be able to report at the approaching commencement that the terms of the subscription have been met.
An Infirmary, which will be named after Dr. Crawford W. Long, a distinguished alumnus of the institution, is in course of erection, and though it has been much delayed by the contractor, it will certainly be ready for use at the opening of the next session.
Plans have been accepted for the new building for the School of Agriculture, made possible by the appropria6o'll by the last General Assembly of $100,000. The plans were drawn
by Mr. E. E. Dougherty, an alumnus of the University, and
combine beauty of appearance with adaptati<;m to the needs of . the school. The trustees especially placed in charge made a very careful study of the needs, and it is believed that we will have the best building in the South, and one second to none.
At a special meeting of the board of trustees "the management and control" of this school was turned over to the special board of trustees appointed by the Governor, in accordance with the terms of the bill appropriating the money. This board has elected Dr. A. M. Soule, at present of the Virgin1a Experiment Station, as Dean of this School, and it is hoped that he wiII take charge of the work at the opening of the next session.

201
6-ADDITION TO THE FARM.
The large addition to the original campus has already been reported in previous annual reports. I have the pleasure of reporting that an addition of about 350 acres has been made to this since my last annual report. The land added is especially adapted to the work of the School of Forestry, and is the more valuable for that reason. The total area of the campus is now .approximately 900 acres.
7-HIGH SCHOOLS.
The work of systematizing the courses of study in the high schools of the State and bringing them into closer relations to the University has gone on steadily through the year. A large percentage of the high schools now have "accredited" relations with the University, and with other higher institutions of the State which have desired to accept the certificates issued by these schools on the plan adopted by the University. It is also stated that a great majority of these schools have ~dopted the departmental plan of instruction, which gives promise of better preparation of students for college in the future, and better preparation for life for those who will not attend colle~~
8-SUMMER SCHOOL.
The summer school showed a gratifying increase in attendance at the last session, and an even more gratifying progress in the work done. The school has been placed under a special management, and careful plans have -been made for the apvroaching session, which begins on July 1st, and ends on August 2d. This school has accomplished great good among our teachers.
Very respectfully, DAVID C. BARROW, Chancellor.

202
LIST OF ACCREDITED SCHOOLS.

(E., English; M., Mathematics; H., History; L., Latin; B., Botany; Ph., Physical Geography; P., Physics; G., Ger/ man; Gr., Greek; Sp., Spanish; F., French; C., Chemistry; Ag., Agriculture; D. P., Department Plan.)

NAMe.
AdeI High School, AdeI.
Supt. T. M. Holland, AB. Albany High School, Albany.
Supt. S. R. DeJarnette, AB. Prin. B. T. Hunter, A.M. Furlow High School, Americus. Supt. A G. Miller, B.S. Prin. J. A Duncan, AB. Athens High School, Athens. Supt. G. G. Bond, AM. Prin. F. M. Harper, A.M. Boys' High School, Atlanta. Supt. W. F. Slaton, AM. Prin. W. M. Slaton, AM. Marist College, Atlanta. President John R. Gunn, D.D. Prin. Geo. S. Rapier, S.T.B. University School, Atlanta. Prin. C. C. Wright, AM. Peacock's School, Atlanta. Prin. D. C. Peacock, AB. Tubman High School, Augusta.
Supt. L. B. Evans, AM. Prin. T. H. Garrett, AM.
Richmond Academy, Augusta. . Prin. Chas. H. Withrow, A.M.
Georgia-Southern Military School, Bainbridge.
Prin. J. A Caldwell, AB. Gordon Institute, Barnesville.
Pres. B. F. Pickett, AB. Vice-pres. Chas. M. Neel, A.M. Presbyterian Institute, Blackshear. Prin. C. A. Sydnor. Blakely High School, Blakely. Prin. W. R. Lanier, B.S. Boston High School, Boston. Prin. W. E. Nichols, A.B. Broxton Institute, Broxton. Prin. F. F. Farmer, AB. Glynn High School, Brunswick. Supt. N. H. Ballard, AB. Prin. N. E. Ware. Calhoun High School, Calhoun. Prin. A. N. Swain, AB.

SUBJECT GIVEN CREOI'r.
E., M., Ph., H., L. D. P. 2teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., F. D. P. 4 teachers.
E., M., Ph., C., H., L.
D. P. 5 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L.. Gr. D. P. 4 teachers.
E., M., Ph., C., B., H., L., Sp., Gr.
D. P. 10 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., J,,, Fr., G.
D. P. 6 teachers.
E., M., Ph., H., L., Gr. D. P. 2 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., Gr. . D. P. 4 teachers. E., M., Ph., P., C., H., L., F. D. P. 7 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., F. 5 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., F., G., B. D. P. 4 teachers.
E., M., P., C., H., L., F., Gr. D. P. 8 teachers.
E., M., P., Ph., L., Gr.
D. P. 3 teachers. E., M., Ph.; H., L.
3 teachers.
E., M., Ph., H., L., G.
D. P. 2 teachers. E., M., Ph., H., L.
D. P. 2 teachers. E., M., Ph., P., C., H., L., Gr.
D. P. 7 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., Gr. D. P. 2 teachers.

203

_

NAMIt.

Carrollton High School, Carrollton. Supt. C. K. Henderson, A.B.
Hearn Academy, Cave Spring. Prin. R. W. Edenfield, A.B.
Cartersville High School. Supt. H. L. Sewell, A.B.
Cedartown High School.
Supt. W. T. Garrett, A.B. Georgia Military Academy, College
Park.
Prin. J. C. Woodward, A.M.
Columbus High School, Columbus. Supt. C. B. Gibson, A.M. Prin. W. H. Kilpatrick, A.M.
Commerce High School, Commerce.
Prin. W. F. Brown, A.B. O'Neal High School, Cordele.
Prin. F. E. Land, A.B. Cornelia High School, Cornelia.
Prin. J. W. Marion.
Dallas High School, Dallas.
Supt. H. H. Ezzard, B.S. Prin. H. B. Ritchie, A.B.
Dawson High School, Dawson. Supt. R. H. Hankinson, A.B.
Donald Frazer High School, Decatur.
Prin. G. HoIman Gardner, M.A.
J. S. Green Irlstitute, Demorest.
Pres. John C. Campbell, A.M.
Douglasville High School, Douglasville.
Prin. W. E. Dendy, A.B.
Dublin High School, Dublin. Supt. K. T. Alfriend, A.B. Prin. R. O. Whitenton, A.B.
Eastman High School, Eastman. Prin. W. A. Mulloy, A.B.
Eatonton High School, Eatonton.
Prin. W. C. Wright, A.B.
Elberton High School, Elberton.
Supt. J. M. Stephenson, A.B.
Fitzgerald High School, Fitzgerald.
Prin. E. E. Tyner, M.S. Banks Stephens Institute, Forsyth.
Prin. M. C. Allen, A.B.
Fort Gaines High School,
Fort Gaines. Prin. Van Fletcher, A.B.
Gainesville High School, Gainesville.
Supt. E. J. Robeson, A.B.
Griffin High School, Griffin.
Supt. C. B. Mathews, A.B.
Prin. J. D. Smith, A.B.
Hartwell Institute, Hartwell.
Prin. J. P. Cash, A.B.
Jackson High School, Jackson.
Prin. W. P. Thomas, A.B.

SVBlEC')' GIvEN CREDIT.
E., M., Ph., P., C., H., L. 3 teachers.
E., M., Ph., C., iI., L., Gr.
D. P. 2 teachers. E., M., Ph., H., L.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., Gr.
E., M., Ph., P., C., H., L., Gr.. D. P. 8 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., C., B., H., L., F... Sp., G.
D. P. 6 teachers. E., M., Ph., P., B., H., L.
D. P. 3 teachers. E., M., Ph., P., H., L.
D. P. 3 teachers. E., M., Ph., P., H., L.
2 teachers. E., M., Ph., H., L., Gr.
2 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., C., H., L., F. D. P. 4 teachers.
E., M., Ph., H., L., G. D.P. 5 teachers.
E., M., P., B., H., L., G., Gr. D. P. 7 teachers.
E., M., Ph., H., L. D. P. 2 teachers.
E., M., H., L., Ph., C., Gr., F. D. P. 3 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., 1., Gr. D. P. 3 teachers.
E., M., P., Ph., H., L., Gr. 2 teachers.
E., M., P., H., L., F., B. 3 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., B., H., L., Ag.
D. P. 3 teachers. E., M., P., H., L., Gr.
D. P. 3 teachers. E., M., Ph., H., L.
D. P. 2 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., Ag., H., L. D. P. 3 teachers.
E., M., P., C., H., L., F., Gr. D. P. 3 teachers.
E., M., Ph., H., L., Gr.
2 teachers. E., M., Ph., H., L., Gr.
D. P. 3 teachers.

204

NAME.

SUBJECT GIVEN CREDIT.

jesup High School, Jesup.

E., M., Ph., P., H., L.

Prin. W. D. Greene, AB.

D. P. 2 teachers.

LaGrange High School, LaGrange. E., M., Ph., B., H., L., F., Gr.

Supt. C. L. Smith.
Prin. ]. E. Ricketson, RS.

D. P. 4 teachers.

Meson Academy, Lexington.

E., M., Ph., P., H., L., Gr.

Prin. H. B. Wallace, AR

2 teachers.

"Locust Grove Inst., Locust Grove. E., M., Ph., H., L., Gr.

Prin. Claud Gray, AB. Lumpkin High School, Lumpkin.

D. P. 5 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., 1., Gr.

Prin. Ralph Newton, AR _.Gresham High School, Macon.

2 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., R, H., L.

Supt. C. B. Chapman, AM.

D. P. 13 teachers.

Prin. R. ]. Coates, AB.

Madison High School, Madison.

E., M., P., H., L.

Prin. J. D. Garner, AM. Marietta High School, Marietta.

D. P. E., M.,

2
Ph.,

tePa.,chce.,rsH. .,

L.,

Gr.

Supt. W. T. Dumas, AM.

3 teachers.

-Georgia Military College, Milledge- E., M., Ph., P., C., H., F.

ville.
Prin. W. E. Reynolds, AM.

D. P. 6 teachers.

Moultrie High School, Moultrie.

E., M., Ph., P., H., L., Gr.

Supt. L. A Smith, AB.

3 teachers.

Prin. H. Johnson, AB.

Monroe High School, Monroe.

E., M., Ph., H., L., F.

Prin. C. C. King, Ph.B.

D. P. 3 teachers.

.McDonough High School, McDon- E., M., Ph., Ag., B., B., L., Gr.

ough.

D.~. 2 teachers.',

Prin. Geo. W. Camp. AB. Newnan High School, Newnan.

E., M., Ph., P., H., L.

Supt. ]. W. Gaines, AB.

D. P. 3 teachers.

Pelham High School, Pelh<rm.

M., Ph" H., L.

Prin. T. H. Wilkinson. 'Boys' Industrial School, Rome.

D. P. 2 te'achers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., B., Ag.

Director, Miss M. Berry, AR

D. P. 8 teachers.

Prin. G. W. Douglas, AB. Rome Public High School, Rome.

E., M., Ph., P., H., L.

Supt. J. C. Harris, A.M.

D. P. 4 teachers.

Prin. W. P. Jones, AR "Royston High School, Royston.

E., M., Ph., H., L., Gr.

Prin. J. A. Hunter, AR

D. P. 2 teachers.

:Sandersville High School, Sanders- E., M., Ph., P., C., H., L., F., Gr.

_ville.

4 teachers.

Supt. John Gibson, B.L., AM.

Prin. W. C. Goodwin. 'Chatham Academy, Savannah.

E., M., Ph., P., C., L.

Supt. Otis Ashmore.

D. P. 10 teachers.

Prin. H. F. Train. :Sparta High School, Sparta.

E., M., Ph., P., H., L.

Prin. ]. H. Smoot, AB.

2 teachers.

:Statesboro High School, Statesboro. E., M., Ph., H., L.

Prins. G. B. Franklin, F. A Brin- D. P. 2 teachers.

son, A.R
-University School for Boys, Stone E., M., Ph., P., B., H., L., F., G., Gr.

Mountain.

D. P. 6 teachers.

Prin. W. B. Griffin, AM.
'Tallapoosa High School, Tallapoosa. E., M., Ph., L.

Prin. A L. Brewer, AB.

2 teachers.



205

NAME.
Tennille High School, Tennille. Prin. H. B. Bible, Ph.B.
Thomasville High School, Thomasville.
Prin. W. B. Davis. R. E. Lee Institute, Thomaston.
Pres. F. F. Rowe, AM. Tifton High School, Tifton.
Prin. Jason Scarboro. Valdosta High School, Valdosta.
Supt. R. B. Daniel, A.B. Prin. W. O. Cheney, A.B. Vidalia Institute, Vidalia. Prin. E. L. Ray. Vienna High School, Vienna. Prin. C. G. Power. Wadley High School, Wadley. Prin. A. F. Ware. Warrenton High School, Warren-
ton. Prin. H. B. Carreker, AB. Washington High School, Washing-
ton. Prin. T. G. Wilkinson, AB. Waycross High School, Waycross. Supt. E. A Pound, A.B. Prin. D. C. Colson, AB. Waynesboro'High School, Waynes-
boro.
Prin. H. J. Gaertner, Ph.D.
West Point High School, West Point.
Supt. J. E. Purks, AB.
Winder High School, Winder. Prin. H. R. Hunt, AB.
Winterville High School, Winterville.
Prin. T. R. Edwards, A.B. Nannie Lou Warthen Institute,
Wrightsville. Prin. William F. Quillian, A.B.

SUBJ~C1' GIV~N CR~DI'!'.
E., M., H., L., Ph. :J teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., Ag., H., L., Gr.
D. P. 3 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., C., H., L., Gr. D. P. 3 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L. :J teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L. D. P. 4 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., Gr. 3 teachers.
M., L., Ph., Gr. :J teachers.
M., H., L., Ph., P. 2 teachers.
E., M., P., H., L. D. P. 2 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., Gr. D. P. 3 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., L., A15. D. P. 5 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., H., 1,., C., F: :J teachers.
E., M., P., H., L. D. P. 4 teachers.
E., M., Ph., H., L.
D. P. 2 teachers. E.,M., H.,L.
2 teachers.
E., M., Ph., P., C., B., H., L., Gr;.
D. P. 4 teachers.

206
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA.
SUMMER SCHOOL> July I to August 2, 1907.
T. J. WOOFTER> SUPERINTENDENT.
The University Summer School at its last session enrolled 300 teachers, and the work done was of the most substantial kind. The first sessions of the Summer School were looked upon rather as mere institutes, and were therefore attended by many teachers for a few days. The total enrollment of the school has been decreasing, but the number coming for the entire session has been gradually increasing. This has made the work more substantial. Last session the spirit of work and study in the school was admirable. Beginning with the session for this summer the work has been so planned that a progressive course of four or more years may be taken. There are every year in Georgia from 1,000 to 1,500 teachers who begin teaching without any professional preparation. The Summer School plans to reach many of these and help them to prepare professionally. This gives it a great work to do, and it will help greatly to professionalize the teaching in rural and in high schools. Courses are offered for high school teachers, rural school teachers, and teachers who would introduce agriculture, nature study, domestic science, manual training, or other modern educational work. As long as teachers' salaries are so meager, the Summer School must continue to be the chief agency for reaching many teachers with special training and improved scholarship.
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
H OtT. W. B. Merritt> S. S. C.> Atlanta> Ga: DEAR SIR: I have the honor to submit to you a report of
the State Normal School for the thirteenth annual session, dosing May 27, 1907.
Students registered for the year, 456; pupils in Muscogee Practice School, I 12; total registration, 568. Teachers in faculty, 29; teachers and officers, 40; counties represented by students, 99; students holding diplomas fl'Om other schools, 124; students holding first-grade licenses, 45; second-grade

207

licenses, 63; third-grade licenses, 40; students having experi-

ence in teaching, 166; students who have earned the money

they spend here, 186.

The parentage of our student-body is as follows: Farmers,

269; professional men, 43; county and city officials, 13; mis-

cellaneous, 74.

,

Total registration since founding of the school, 6,496.

Total graduates to date, 336. Teachers called for by letter

for the year closing June I, 1907, 140. These letters offer

salaries all the way from $40 a month to $1,50 a year.

Nearly half of these are calls for men who are graduates of

the school, and the salaries are from $60 to $125 per month.

\Ve could have put into good positions this year twenty times

the 1).umber of men we are graduating. More and more the

public wants men who have had the training of this school.

Alumni-ce Bulletin-\Ve shall be sending you shortly a re-

port giving a brief of information concerning every one of our

336 graduates. A glance at this bulletin will show you that

the school is doing exactly what it was established to do.

These graduates are a noble body of young people, and they

are serving, the State with usefulness, and in many instances

with distinction.

The Growth of the School-The school has grown from

eight teachers in the faculty to twenty-nine teachers. That is

to say, the faculty has more than trebled in the last five years,

during which time the State has given us an increase in main-

tenance fund of only $2,50. The school has grown much be-

yond the support it has heretofore received from the State.

'vVe shall be obliged 'to have at least $30,000 hereafter. The

school started with one building-the old Rock College-which

served as schoolroom, dormitory, kitchen, dining-hall and

president's cottage. There are now three brick buildings used

as dormitories, three used for class-room purposes, and one de-

voted to kitchen and dining-room uses. These buildings are

not yet properly or fully equipped, and two of them must be

heated with steam heat another year.

The school ought never to go through another session with-

out an infirmary and a trained nurse. We have had a death

in the student-body this year-the first in thirteen years among

nearly 6,500 students. But our crowded dormitories, the

heavy draft upon the time and energies of our matrons, leav:es

the sick boy or girl with entirely too little attention. We must

have in this school an official whose duty it is to look after

208

the comfort and health and outdoor exercise of the well, and

the quiet and diet of the sick.

A Successful Year-The classes and the teachers have this

year done the best work in the history of the school. Fewer

students in every class have failed in subjects, and a smaller

percentum than ever will fail of promotion at the end of the

session. The increasing public confidence in the school is

shown in the call on us for teachers, and we think that the

good work of our graduates has had more to do with this than

perhaps any other one thing. I may add that the full register

of our student-body appears in the general university cata-

logue, and also in our special bulletin, both of which will reach

you shortly.

Respectfully submitted.

E. C. BRANSON.

GEORGIA NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE.
MILLEDGEVILLE, GA.
Han. W. B. Merritt, State School Commissioner, Atlanta, Ga. DEAR SIR: In response to your letter, I take pleasure in pre-
senting the following report of the Georgia Normal and Industrial College for the past year, the same being the sixteenth annual session of the institution:
ATTENDANCE.
During the past year we have enrolled students from 106 counties, the total number of students being 426. (This does not include the younger students in the Practice School.) The attendance this year is the largest in the history of the institution. Besides this, 179 young ladies have been refused admission to the college because of a lack of room in the college dormitories.
COST 01" ATTENDANCE.
The entire cost of attendance in the institution for the full session of nine months, including living expenses in the dormitories, matriculation fee, books and stationery, is about $120. This is a liberal estimate. Tuition is free to all Georgia students.

209

THE NEW INDUSTRIAL BUILDING.
The Chappell Industrial Building was completed on May 7, 1907. A delay was occasioned by the failure of the contractors, but finally the work was vigorously pushed to completion under the direction of the board of directors. This structure is beautiful in architecture, and admirably adapted to the needs of the institution. The entire second floor of the building is devoted to the Household Arts and Sciences (including Sewing, Millinery, Dressmaking, Cooking, etc.). It is believed that the advantages offered in this department will not be surpassed in the South. "One of the prime aims of the college has been to fit the young women of Georgia for proper homemaking by giving them a careful and thot'ough course of instruction in such branches as Cooking, Household Economics, Home Sanitation, Sewing, Dressmaking, etc. It has been exceedingly gratifying to observe that these studies, which make for domestic utility, have become each succeeding year more and more popular with the students, and recently there has perhaps been more growth and progress in this direction than in any other department of the college."

THE NEW DORMITORY.
At the last session of the Legislature, $27,500 was appropriated for a college dormitory. The building is now in course of construction, and will be completed during the fall. The building is beautiful in design, and when finished will be one of the most attractive college dormitories in the State.

PURPOSE OF THE COLLEGE.

The object of the State in establishing and supporting this

school is to provide for the young women of Georgia an insti-

tution in which they may get such special instruction and train-

ing as will prepare them to earn their own living by the voca-

tion of teaching, or by those industrial and fine arts that are

suitable for women to pursue. Subsidiary to these two main

objects the institution also teaches those branches of learning

that constitute a general good education. It furthermore in-

structs and trains its pupils in those household arts that are

essential to the complete education of every woman, whatever

her calling in life may be, or in whatever sphere of society she

may move. .

, 1~

14 se

21Q
In other words, the purpose of the college is to prepare Georgia girls:
I. To do intelligent work as teachers, according to the best methods known to modern pedagogics.
2. To earn their own livelihood by the practice of some one or other of those industrial arts suitable for women to follow.
3. To earn their own livelihood as instructors in music or in fine arts.
4. To exert an uplifting and refining influence on family and society by means of a cultured intellect, which can only be obtained by a systematic education in the higher branches of learning.
5. To be skillful and expert in those domestic arts that lie at
the foundation of all successful housekeeping and home-making.
To accomplish these several educational purposes, the courses of study pursued in the school are divided, in a general way, into the principal departments, namely:
I. The Normal Department. 2. The Collegiate Department. 3. The Industrial Department. 4. The Music and Fine Arts Department.
NORMAL DEPARTMENT.
General Plan.
The purpose of this department is to prepare young women for the business of teaching. In the proper preparation of the teacher there are three principal elements, namely:
I. Broad and accurate scholarship. 2. Professional knowledge. 3. Skill in the practice of teaching. The first of these requisites, namely, broad and accurate scholarship, this College undertakes to give in the course of collegiate study as stated in detail in separate catalogue. The second requisite, namely, professional knowledge, it undertakes to give in the study of Psychology and Pedagogy, in the Junior and Senior classes, as stated in the catalogue of the College. The third requisite, namely, skill in the practice of teaching, it undertakes to give by a thorough course of practical training in teaching the children of the various grades in the Model School and by instruction in methods of teaching.

211

Course of Study.
The course of study includes all of the studies of the Collegiate Department, except that in the Junior year Chemistry isomitted and in the Senior year either Trigonometry or Latin is elected, the other omitted. In the place of these omissions a second year of Free-hand drawing and the professional courses as outlined below are required.

COLLEGIATE DEpARTMENT.
The object of the Collegiate Department is twofold: 1. To give to those young women who wish to prepare themselves for the vocation of teaching that broad, liberal and accurate scholarship which is requisite to the education of every teacher. 2. To give those young women who have the time, taste and capacity for it, that high education that develops a cultivated womanhood. No attempt is made to advance the standard of learning bey-ond what is already established in leading Southern female colleges, but in thoroughness and accuracy it is believed the work of this school is superior to anything yet done in any higher female educational institution in Georgia.

INDUSTRIAL DEpARTMENT.

This department includes:

I. The Business Course.

2. The Course in Sewing and Dressmaking.

3. The Course in Millinery.

4. The Course in Industrial Art.

S. The Course in Domestic Science.

The Business Course embraces the thorough practical teach-

ing of stenography, typewriting, bookkeeping, business forms

;l11d customs.

.-

The Course in Sewing and Dressmaking includes instruction

in plain or domestic sewing, cutting and fitting, finished dress-

making, and a normal course in dressmaking.

The Course in Millinery teaches the art of covering and

trimming hats of all kinds for girls and women.

The Industrial Art Course includes free-hand drawing-,

color-study, design, modeling in clay, instrumental drawing,

basketry, etc.

212
DEPARTMENT OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE.
Character and Aitns of the VVork.
That group of subjects which bears upon the life and administration of the house is coming into great prominence in educational work, and is known variously as household science, IJousehold economics, science of the home and domestic science. As the last named is the one generally used in schools which teach those subjects, it is adopted here for the sake of convenience. The name is not as formidable as it sounds, and the work itself is simply an attempt to organize and formulate the best and fullest knowledge that can be obtained, both from investigation and experience, concerning the wise and economic administration of the home. It includes some knowledge of Chemistry and Physics as applied to the operations of the household, of Physiology and Hygiene with special reference to the food question, household economics, home sanitation, sewing and some instruction in home nursing and emergencies. It aims to put this systematized kmwledge of easier, better and more healthful conditions of living within the reach of many women who "must be home-makers, instead of leaving it as heretofore in the hands of the few who are especially empowered for this work by reason of unusual aptitude or favorable opportunities. It does not claim to take entirely the place of experience, but it does make the gaining of that experiertce a :nuch easier and happier process for all concerned. In teaching the principles underlying healthful cooking and sanitan ; living, domestic science is lifting home-making out of the realm of drudgery, and making it intelligent, attractive and effectin:.
Equipment for the Work.
The Cooking School proper, with its new and fine equipment, will be utilized to the utmost in carrying on the different lines of instruction in Domestic Science. It occupies a neat frame building, and consists of a large kitchen and diningroom, both of which are well equipped for the work they are to do.
DEpARTMENT OFMUSIC.
The Georgia Normal and Industrial College offers splendid crclvantages in this department of female accomplishments. Only able teachers, those well versed in the best conservatory methods, are employed, and the course of instruction and train-

2Vl

ing is thorough and complete. The wants and capacities of different pupils are carefully considered, and exercises for technique and' pieces for esthetic culture selected accordingly. Numercus opportunities are given for those auxiliaries, almost as essential as good instruction, namely, hearing good music, playing before audiences.
The music-:rooms are of convenient size, well arranged, and are furnished with good instruments.

TERMS OF ADMISSION.
To be eligible to admission to the college a girl must be at least fifteen years old. She must be of good moral character and in sound physical health.
Persons desiring to enter the college should write to the President at Milledgeville for a form of application. This paper must be carefully filled out and signed by the applicant and mailed back to the President. Unless some reason appears to the contrary, he will in due time send to the applicant a certificate of admission to the college and assignment to a place in the dormitory. Applicants are examined for class admission after they reach Milledgeville.
SUMMARY OF CHARGES FOR THE ENTIRE SESSION OF NINE

MONTHS.

,

Matriculation Fee

$10 00

Board (including fuel, lights and laundry), about. . .. 94 50

Tuition Fee (charged only to students from other

States than Georgia)

40 00

UNIFORM DRESS.
Pupils are required to wear a uniform dress on all occasions while in attendance on the college. The several suits devised for this purpose, while very inexpensive, are exceedingly pretty and becoming. -
Full instructions in regard to the several suits, with illustrative cuts, are given in the pamphlet issued by the College.

COLLEGE CATALOGUE.
For catalogue containing full p'atticulars concerning the College, address M. M. Parks, President, Milledgeville, Ga.
Respectfully yours, M. M. PARKS, President.

214
GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF.
CAVE SPRING) GA.
REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL.
To the Board of Trustees of the Georgia School for the Deaf. GENTLEMEN: Not knowing that a change had been made
in the State's fiscal year, the last report was made as usual, <Ind covered the period extending fmm October I, 1904, to September 3,195.
This report covers the period from January I, 196, to December 31, 1906, except that there is included, a statement of "uch financial transactions as occurred during the three months not included in the last report, extending from October I, 1905, to December 31, 1905.
There were entered on the roll in the white department the vames of 182 pupils, and in the negro school 49, with a total of 231.
Miss M. A. Harris, for a number of years a valued teacher, retired at the close of school on account of failing health. She ,vas a Georgian, received her training in her home school, and it is to be regretted that it became necessary for her to leave, {or her loss will be greatly felt.
Miss Annie McD. Ervin, having been offered a position in the North Carolina School at Morganton, her old home, on terms that were more satisfactory to her than she was given here, tendered her resignation. Miss Ervin was a good teacher, interested in her work, and will be greatly missed.
Misses Pauline B. Camp, of \;Varren, Ark.; Mary McClelland and Lucy Fallon, of Mercersburg, Pa., were given places as teachers. Miss Camp is a native of Georgia, and was for four or five years connected with the Arkansas School at Little Rock. as clerk and as teacher.
Miss Lavilla \Vard, of Atlanta, entered the school in October to learn to teach, and promises to be quite an acquisition to our corps of instructors.
I have made an earnest effort to induce worthy young men and women graduates of the Normal College at Athens, and of the Girls' Normal and Industrial College at Milledgeville, to take up the work of teaching the deaf, but most of those approached seemed to think there was too much work in it for too little pay.

215
I was unable, after making strenuous efforts to do so, to secure the services of any teachers of experience, as all those thought available had positions, or secured them nearer home. There has seemed 1:0 be a greater demand for experienced teachers than was ever before known, not among specialists only, but in the common schools everywhere.
In company with a member of the board, Mr. P. M. Hawes, I attended the summer meeting of the Association for the Protnotion of Teaching Speech to the Deaf at the \Vestern Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, at Edgewood Park, near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where we expected to find a surplus of teachers seeking employment. but we were disappointed.
This meeting was largely attended and was greatly enjoyed by all present, both for the benefit derived from the proceed~ ings, and from the' exchange of views, as well as from the splendid entertainment furnished by the school where every one seemed to vie with the other in their efforts to make their guests have an enjoyable time.
The various officers and employees have continued to perform their various duties in a satisfactory manner.
Thanking you for your continued good will and support. I am,
Very respectfully, \V. O. CONNOR, Principal.
December 31, 1906.

NORTH GEORGIA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

DAHLONEGA, GA., May IS, 1906.
Han. W. B. Merritt, State School COl1~missioner. Atlanta, Ga. DEAR SIR: I take pleasure in presenting herewith the report
of this institution for the scholastic year, now closing. The following is a summary of the attendance required by the Calvin law:

Total attendance for the year

207

States represented

10

Counties of Georgia represented

61

Farmers' children represented

74

Merchants' children represented. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43

Lawyers' children represented

8

Doctors' children represented............ . . .. 7



216

Teachers' children represented

"5

Other avocations represented

,.. 70

Those living in the country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 84

Those living in towns

" 87

Those living in cities .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36

While the total attendance. for this year has been a little

more than last year, the avetage attendance has been better

than during any previous year of the school's history, being

about 25 per cent. better than the average attendance at last

year.

.

The work of the year has been in the main very satisfac-

tory. I do not think that the university system has a school

that is making better returns than this institution is making for

the amount of money appropriated by the Legislature. We have

no daily paper to exploit the work of the institution. The lo-

cation in a quiet retreat in the mountains forbids very much of

observation on the part of the outside world. Our situation is

unique in this respect, but while our isolation puts us at a dis-

advantage in some respects, in other ways it makes for the

good of the school and the student-body. We have quiet and

peace and a wholesome environment for hard and honest toil.

Working daily under the overshadowing influences of the

mountains and in the wholesome atmosphere of a mountain

elevation is worth more than anybody has yet calculated to the

average boy. The climate invigorates him and the call of the

evrelasting hills inspires him to do and to be his best. Many

a boy who comes here is literally made over so far as the

habits of his life are concerned.

From the beginning the discipline of this school has been

military. An officer of the United States Army is in charge of

the cadet corps. The more I have observed the effect of mili-

tary training on young men the more value I place upon it.

The strict attention to duty., the necessary and prompt obedi-

ence to rightful authority, the natural a~d normal physical de-

velopment that comes from all the military exercises, all of

these give tremendous value to the training that a boy gets

here. The men who have graduated from this school. years

ago. now testify that their success in life has been largely due

to the ouickness of perception and prompt attention to dutv

which they acquired from the military department here. All

of our students, except for special reasons, are required to live

217
in the dormitory where they are constantly under the control d the officers in charge.
A large majority of our students take the course, in part, or complete in Agriculture. The Department of Agriculture here has grown in efficiency within the last few years. We have a fairly good equipment for making soil analyses and for testing what is helpful or hurtful to growing animal or vegetable life. During the last year we have added a dairy to the farm, and \'ve hope to make this one of the most valuable features of our work, not only for the school, but for this entire section of the State. All through the year the students are engaged in actual . experimental work on the farm. They conduct their own experiments and make a careful record of observation and caretully tabulate results.
Two years ago the board of trustees inaugurated the Department of Mining here in the belief that this was the natural place for a School of Mines for the State. They will ask the next Legislature to make a sufficient appropriation for the proper development of this department. The State has untold wealth hid away in the hills of this northern section. W~ need men trained. right here on the spot who can develop intelligently theSe hidden resources and place them as live assets on the tax books of the State.
This institution ought to have the means provided for holding a two-months' institute for the State teachers of this North Georgia section. 'vVe could help the common school teachers all over this end of the State if we could bring them here for two months each year and give them short practical courses in teacher-training. I wish very much that the means could be provided for such an institute. The country teachers in this section are not able to go to the Normal School. Their only <:hance for professional betterment is to place a school within their reach in their home section.
Respectfully yours,
G. R. GLENN, President.

218

GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY.

LOCAL BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

N. E. Harris, Chairman E. R. Hodgson, Secretary O. S. Porter Columbus Heard W. B. Miles George Winship

Macon, Ga. Athens, Ga. Covington, Ga. Greensboro, Ga. Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta, Ga.

FACULTY.

K. G. Matheson. AM., LL.D

President.

T. P. Branch, B.E

Secretary and Registrar.

T. S. Akers

Treasurer.

\"1. A Jackson. Jr., M.D

Physician.

S. S. Wallace. AM

Superintendent of Dormitories.

:Miss Laura Hammond

Librarian.

O. T. Gecke1er, AB A. B. Morton, AM F. Field, AM E. C. Colpitts, Ph.D W. V. Skiles, AB
J. B. Smith, M.A

MATHEMATICS.
-

Professor. Ad iunct Professor. Adjunct Professor. Adjunct Professor. Adjunct Professor. Adjunct Professor.

CHEMISTRY.
\1Vm. H. Emerson, Ph.D H. V. Black, AB., Ph.D G. H. Boggs, B.S., Ph.D

Professor. Junior Professor. Junior Professor.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
J S. Conn, M.E. .;'

Professor.

ENGLISH.
S. S. Wallace, AM 'William Gilmer Perry, A.::.vI. Elbert \V. G. Boogher, M.A
J. F. Johnston, AB.
R. W. McCulloch, AB

Professor. Junior Professor. Adjunct Professor. Adjunct Professor. Adjunct Professor.

219

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.
R. W. Hargrave. B.S., M.E N. E. Funk, E.E

Professor. Instructor.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

'I'. P. Branch. B.E

Professor.

W. A. Jackson, B.S. in C.E

Adjunct Professor.

ExpERIMENTAL ENGINEERING.

J. N. G. Nesbit, B.S., E.E

,

N. E. Funk, E.E

Professor. Instructor.

PHYSICS.
J. B. Edwards, B.S., E. and M.E C. J. Payne, A.B

: Professor. Adjunct Professor.

DRAWING.
J. S. Coon, M.E
R H. Lowndes, B.S., in M.E D. E. Lowell, B.S., in M.E

Professor. , .. Junior Professor.
Adjunct Professor.

PHYSICAL CULTURE.
\\T. A. Jackson, Jr., M.D
MODERN LANGUAGES.
J. B. Crenshaw,. A.M., Ph.D

Director. Professor.

GEOLOGy AND MINERALOGY.
~. W. McCallie, B.Ph

Professor.

TEXTILE ENGINEERING.
W. N. Randle (Grad. Philadelphia Textile School) Director. E. \\T. Camp, B.S., in T.E., Assistant Director, and in charge
Carding and Spinning Department. H. Hebclen, in charge vVarp Preparation, vVeaving and Finish-
ing Department. C. A. Jones, B.S., in T.E., in charge of Bleaching ancl Dyeing
Departments, and Assistant in Weaving. W. N. Bagwell, B.S., in T.E., Assistant in Carcling, Spin-
ning and Designing.



220

SHOPS.

]. S. Coon, M.E

Superintendent.

. B. Martingale, General Foreman-Foreman Machine Shop.

Horace A. Thompson John H. Henika

Foreman, Smith Shop. Foreman, \iVood Shop.

\iVm. Van Houten

:

Foreman, Foundry.

H. H. Norman

Instructor, \Vood Shop.

W. F. Griffin I,. P. Milner

Instructor, Machine Shop. Instructor, \Vood Shop.

O. O. Boyle Miss Ella Pogue A. G. Allen C. E. Bostwick
J. L. Neil .. :

Secretary to President. , Stenographer to President.
Steward of the Dining Hall. Assistant in Gymnasium.
College Y. M. C. A. Secretary.

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE FACULTY.

The President is ex-officio a member of all standing committees.

Accredited Schools.-Professors Branch, Geckeler and Black.

Athletics.-Professors Randle. Nesbit and Dr. Jackson.

Buildings and Grounds.-Professors Coon and Lowndes.

Courses of Study.-Professors Emerson, Branch and

Geckeler.

Deficiencies.-Professors Wallace, Boggs and Edwards.

Honor System.-Professors Emerson, \Vallace and Cren-

~~

.

Library.-Professors Boggs, Perry and Hargrave.

TABLE.
PERCENTAGE OF ENROLLMENT HAVING RESIDENCE IN COUNTRY, VILLAGE, TOWN AND CITY.

Country.
12%

Village.
6%

Town.
32 %

City.
50 %

221

(ICCUPATION OF PARENTS OR GUARD1ANS OF 562 STUDENTS, GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY.

Clerks, 36; State officers, 12; contractors, 7; farmers, 106;

merchants, 13; insurance men, 18; manufacturers, 50; law-

yers, 30; physicians, 30; cotton merchants, 12; teachers, 10;

railway agents, 15; engineers, 19; traveling salesmen, 21;

workmen, 35; miscellaneous, 58; total, 562. Total number of

graduates, 297; number deceased, 7; number of living gradu-

ates, 290. Graduate Mechanical Engineers, 154; graduate

Electrical Engineers, 6o; graduate Textile Engineers, 52;

graduate Civil Engineers, 12; graduate Engineering Chem-

istry, 12; total, 290.

Graduates in business as follows:

General engineering, 32; mechanical engineering, 92; elec-

trical engineering, 59; textile engineering, 41; civil engineer-

ing 14; engineering chemistry, 22; merchandise, real estate

and agencies, 14; teachers, 6; physicians, 2; lawyers, I; army

officers, 3 ; farmers, 2; ministers, 2; total, 290.

NOTE :-It is impossible to form an accurate table which will

show the percentages of graduates in different branches of

engineering who are pursuing the special branches in which

they received diplomas. Many mechanical graduates, for in-

stance, easily fall into the electrical business and the reverse.

However, it is seen from the above that out of two hun-

dred and ninety living graduates, there are only thirty who

are in other pursuits, showing that virtually ninety per cent.

of the graduates of the school are engaged in the profession

)fengineering. It may be said also that many of those who

3eem not to be in the engineering business utilize constantly

their know ledge of engineering in the particular business which

they pursue.

.

The Mechanical Engineering Degree was established when

the school began, in 1888; the Degrees of Electrical and Civil

Engineering in 1896; the Degree of Textile Engineering in

1898; the Degree of Engineering Chemistry in 191; and the

Degrees of Mining Engineering and Chemistry in 1906.

CALENDAR 197-198.
FIRST TERM Begins September 25, 1907, ends February 8, 1908. Christmas vacation December 21, 1907-January 2, 1908.

222

SECOND TERM
Begins February 10, 198, ends June 18, 1908. Commencement Day, Thursday, June 18, 1908. The departments of the school are as follows:

Mathematics

Engineering Chemistry

Mechanical Engineering

English

'

Electrical Engineering

Civil Engineering

Experimental Engineering

Physics

Drawing

Physical Culture

Modern Languages

Geology and Mineralogy

Textile Engineering

Prof. O. T. Geckeler.
Prof. \:Y. H. Emerson.
Prof. J. S. Coon.
Prof. S. S. Wallace. Prof. R. VV. Hargrave.
Prof. T. P. Branch.
Prof. J. N. G. Nesbit. Prof. J. B. Edwards.
Prof. J. S. Coon. Dr. \V. A. Jackson, Jr.
Dr. J. B. Crenshaw.
Prof. S. W. McCallie. Prof. VV. N. Randle.

Degrees of Bachelor of Science are given in Me<rhanica1 Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Textile Engineering, Mining Engineering, Engineering Chemistry, Chemistry.
The School has superior equipment in wood, machine, foundry and smith shops.
The Textile Department, named the A. French 1'exti1e School, in honor of Mr. Aaron French, of Pittsburg, whose gifts in cash have contributed largely to its success, has unsurpassed equipment in building, and machinery for the manufacture of cotton fabrics and for instruction in designing, dyeing, etc. The School has recently'added to its plant a new and thoroughly equipped chemical laboratory, named in honor of forn-er President Hall, the Lyman Hall Laboratory of Chemistry.
Through the generosity of Mr. Andrew Carnegie, a handsome library building is in course of erection, and will be ready fur occupancy in September. 1907.
It is but fair to state that the School of Technology, by efficient and honest work, has taken its place in the front rank of American engineering institutions, and that the demand for its graduates is much greater than the supply.
Particulars of all departments and their equipment are em-

2~3
bodied in the school catalogue, which may be obtained from K. G. Matheson, President, Atlanta, Ga., on application.
TUITION AND FEES.
Each county in the State is entitled to fifteen free scholarships. These scholarships will be awarded on the ground of excellence in character and preparation, and time of entrance.
The amount of tuition charged to the excess of fifteen from a county of this State is $25 per annual session.
Residents of other States pay a tuition of $roo per year in addition to the fees o $25, and $5 mentioned below.
Every student, of whatever place of residence, pays an annual fee of $25 to cover contingent expenses. Half of this amount is payable on entrance and the remainder on or before the first Saturday after February ro.
A contingent fee of $5 will be required to be deposited with the treasurer on entrance, to cover injury done to college building, apparatus or furniture, which sum will be returned to stuClent on leaving, if not forfeited.
All students will be required to deposit at the beginning of the fall term~
$12.50 of the annual fee. $5.00 contingent fee, unless already deposited. $12.50 of the tuition fee, if subject to tuition. And on or before the first Saturday after February Ioth$12.50 of the annual fee. $12.50 of the tuition, if subject to tuition. Residents of other States are subject to the above requirements; substituting $50 for the tuition fee per half year. Until the above requirements are complied with, no student will be allowed to participate in the duties and recitations of [;is class. The student is advised to defer the purchase 8f drawing instruments and materials until he can have the direction of the pl'ofessor in their selection. Text-books and stationery may be purchased of the Quartermaster. Each student is required to have two suits of overalls, cost1l1g about $1.00 each.
DISCIPLINE AND DORMITORY REGULATIONS.
The students of the School have a record for good conduct, unsurpassed by any corps in the country.

~24
They are required to obey but few regulations, the authorities bearing in mind the development and best interest of the student-body. Every man is expected to conduct himself in a gentlemanly manner. \Vhen he fails in this, and convinces the authorities that he has not come to work, his parents are requested to withdraw him.
THE HIGH SCHOOL IN THE STATE SYSTEM.
BY JOSEPH S. STEwART, PROFESSOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION"
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA.
(The following is a condensed stenographic report of Prof. Stewart's remarks, delivered before Southern Educational Association, Montgomery, Ala., December 27, 1906.)
Education should properly be divided into three groups or parts-elementary, secondary and superior. Neither is a whole in itself, a complete thing. Each one of the three is essential to the others. In Georgia we recognize in the Constitutionthe elementary and superior. In some of the Southern States no distinction is made between the elementary andhe secondary, and in the minds of the great mass of our people the division is not made into these groups. In some States no distinction is made even in the requirements for license to teach in the elementary and secondary school. We must get these things clear, these three parts of a system of public education, of public schools, if you please-elementary, secondary and superior.
Now, before the war, we had no public school system in the South, except our universities. After the war we adopted the public, common school system, but without any high schools. In the cities high schools have gradually grown up as an extension of the elementary school, but the rural districts and smaller towns are practically without high school facilities. For the past forty years the strength of executive authority, of legislative appropriations and of press and public speech has been put upon the common school. It has become the shibboleth and almost a fetish. I think it is well that it has been made prominent. It is the youngest of all the parts of an educational system, younger by a thousand years than the secondary school.
It is right to demand that every child should be in reach of an elementary school, and that every child should be made to

225
attend that school. It is his right and no parent or corporation or accident of birth or condition should prevent him from . securing the elements of an education. It is folly, the blindest folly, for any State or community or parent to deny to any child the privilege of elementary education. But, while we are giving this elementary school to the child, to every child in our Southland, we must not forget the fact that the common school or elementary school, can never do its full work unless sustained by a secondary school within reach of these children. The secondary school i.s the center, the heart of our educational system from which all far-reaching reforms in the elementary schools and even in the superior schools must pwceed. We can never have a good common school system, 8S it is called, until we have connected with it a good second<1'y system. No chain, if you please, is stronger than its weakest link, and in the South the high s::hool is the weak link.
N ow what is the effect throughont the South of not having good high schools. First,the common schools suffer through lack of teachers to teach the eklrCl1tary schools, and through their lack of capable superintendents to supervise and correlate the schools of the county. In my State, two-thirds of the white teachers have a grade below fi;-ct, on an examination embracing only the c:::mmcn scheJol studies and school manage lrent. The large rrajority of these never attended a high school nor any school higher than that which they are attempting. to teach. One-fourth of these teachers drop out every year. Clearly, the normal schools, as essential as they are, can never supply even the loss of one year, though they double in their attendance. The college graduates are not to be considered. Summer schools are a great inspirational factor, but supply little scholarship. The local high schools are and musf be, the great recruiting and training centers for Fooel common school teachers. " The common school suffers through lack of incentive among the pupils to complete that course and reach a higher course.. Each class tends to gauge itself by the one above. In schools with seven-year courses, the pupils drop out-rapidly with the sixth. Add another year and the seventh remains full. The lengthened course lifts the education standards of the entire community. The high school becorYles the goal of many an ambitious youth or parent, which would be undreamed of were no such school the crowning glory of the country system.
15 Be

226
The high schools should largely prepare the leaders, supply the incentives and furnish the centers for development of the surrounding lower schools and their communities. As a result. of this unity, there would come unif'O'rm regulations for completion of the seven-years' common school course, and easy entrance to the first year of the high school. The annual sch'Jol contests and exhibitions of school work, the common teachers' meetings, the central library, the annual graduating exercises of the high school-all these would exert a healthful and stimulating influence over the rural schools. No State has ever succeeded in building up an efficient common school system that failed to provide related high schools of sufficient number and quality to reach the masses.
The common schools suffer in another way from want of high schools. Many of our people are anxious for their children to pursue their studies beyond the grammar school course, looking towards college training, and they insist upon the teacher of the rural schools devoting from a fourth to a third of his time to instructing their children in Latin and Algebra that rightfully belongs to the thirty or forty children in the elementary studies. As a result the pupils are poorly taught, being sandwiched in for five or ten minutes at a time between the high sc~ool students. I feel sure that every observer of cur schools must agree with me as to the harmful effect of this overloading of the one-teacher school. In a well organized county system the board would decide that schools could give high school instructions and forbid the teaching of these subjects in' the other schools. This would insure good high school work where granted, and better elementary teaching in all the other schools. The present plan is wasteful of time and energies of the teacher and pupils and of the money of the tax-payers.
Again, the colleges suffer from lack of high schools. In 1903 there were 2,500 boys graduated from the South ready to enter the colleges of the South. In New York alone, there were 1,000 more high school students than in all Southern States combined,.and yet the population is scarcely more than one-third of these eleven States.
The colleges are as dependent upon the high schools for patronage as is a tree upon the soil in which it rests. Without more hig-h schools our colleges must either go on with bvt few students. or offer preparatory courses at great exlA::nse to the college. the tax-payers or contributors and to tlw

227

students or do a grade of work under the name of col:cge

/

which is a reproach to the institution and a deception to the

students. From whatever angle the work is viewed, the col-

leges suffer where the high schools are few and poor, and they

lJrosper where these schools are successful.

The educational standards, the culture, the technical skilI,

the efficiency of every community is gauged at last by the

efficiency and character of the training given its youth. The

secondary school provides an open door to the ambitious child

to carry forward his studies beyond the elementary school, and

opens the gateway to the superior school. Without a com-

prehensive high school system no State system of education

is worthy the name. "A great gulf," not altogether impas-

sible, lies between the child and the university, between the

child and efficient training for this twentieth century life.

We need legislation providing State aid, efficient supervis-

iun, a close correlation of our high schools with the other

schools, and such a curriculum as will lay the foundatIon for

that culture and that education and that skill which maker

the perfect gentleman-the man of learning and the one who

can. earn a living. \Ve of the South can never develop

high schools for the masses without definite legislation

and definite State aid. The continental countries could

not do it. We may have high schools and trade schools

in the centers of population and preparatory schools for the

sems of the rich, but the rural c11ildren, those that need help,

will continue to be without secondary schools. Their little

home schools will continue to be a blind alley.

I think Minnesota has perha)s the best State system 01'

State aid in America, and I want the teachers of the South

to hear what the State Inspector of High Schools says in a

recent letter to me. I asked what was the result of fifteen

vears State aid in Minnesota? J;Ie replied: 'f (1) A body
OJ high school instructors, 85 per cent. of whom are college

graduates. (2) Substantial brick buildings with laboratories,

recitation rooms, superintendent's office, reference room and

Ebrary. ( 3) During these years the number of high schools

has risen from seventy to one hl1nc1red and ninety-hvo. The

expenditures for lih'"aries have increased from $2,000 to

$24,000 a year. The annual eynenc1iture for apparatus has

risen from $5,000 to $26,000. The annual expenditures for

suppleTentary reading in the grades connected with the schools

from $1,500 to $14,000 a year. The summary of expenses

228
has increased from $9,000 to $72,000. (4) The enrollment in the State University has been more than doubled. It is now between 4,000 and 5,000.
"The credit is due, in my judgment, to four factors: (I ) Our people have desired to build good schools, they are willing to tax themselves. In addition to State aid our local voters levy an annual tax of from six to thirty mills on each $100 of property. (2) They have a wonderful material prosperity. (3) Our system began with $400 a year for each school; the amount has increased to $1,500. To obtain the award the schools have been led to provide good buildings and to comply with every reasonable regulation of the board. (4) An inspector of schools. You will see that I have answered YO'xinquiries from the standpoint of the State. Weare proceeding on a plan of building up a great system of high schools \vithout particular reference to the University. The result i, that the University shares with the State in the general prosverity. \\Te sent twelve hundred freshlTen to the U ni~ersity this fall. We will send twice that number ten vears hence."
By a somewhat similar system of a small am~unt of State aid to each high school of standard require'Tents, a little ove, $400 in 1905, Wisconsin is building a splendid system of hi<>;h schools. The State aid will loose the purse-strings of the locai taxpayers.
Florida adopted the plan of State aid two-. years ago. Last year 17,000 pupils were attending secondary schools. \\That other Southern State except Texas can show as many?
Last year Virginia appropriated $50,000 to aid in the e,tablishment and maintenance of high schools. As a result that$50,000 has caused the towns and counties to expend fOJ teachers' salaries $100,000 and an exp.enditure of over $300.000 for grounds and buildings. It caused an increase in the local tax rat~ and made high school tuition free in a large number of counties. Up to the time of this appropriation Virginia was relying for secondary training upcm a few rich preparatory schools and hi~h schools in a few ,ities and lan~'e towns. The definite aid of a few hundred dolhrs stirre:! the smaller communities.
We have been trying- for four or five vears in Georgia to get State aid for the high schools, but we find our Constitution restricting aid to "elelTents of an English education onlv." Last summer the Gene'-al Assembly did appropriate the funds arising from the inspection of fertilizers, oils, etc., to th('-

229
University for the maintenance of one agricultural high school in each Congressional district, as branches of the Agricultural College. Each district will receive about $6,000 annually. \Ve have just completed a campaign locating these schools. The county in each district making the best offer was to secure the school. In order to secure the location of these schools over $850,000 has been contributed by the eleven successful counties. Fully a million and three-quarters of property was ,)ffered by the counties bidding. This shows how eagerly the people will work for schools of secondary grade when the State leads the way. If we could get State aid for high schools in every county, after the manner of Minnesota, I am confident that every county would have at least one free high school within two years, that the high school attendance would be doubled as quickly and that the colleges and every phase of industrial life would soon feel the quickening influence of these centers of light.
Alabama has no such restriction as has Georgia. Let me 111-ge upon the large number of Alabama teachers present and upon the General Assembly, which is soon to meet, that a liberal appropriation from that half-million surplu:5, which I understand is in the treasury, be made for the establishment and maintenance of high schools in every county. I know that South Carolina and North Carolina expect to pass such a bill next month, with every prospect of being successful. Tennessee is also working. to the same end. Let Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana begin similar campaigns. .We pl:opose to amend our Constitution next summer.
This struggle for the more efficient training of schools in every county should especially appeal to every white voter and lawmaker. It is pre-eminently a demand for the .uplifting of the white boys and girls. Let us prepare at once to develop the brains and strengthen the arms of this million of white youths ere they pass into manhood's estate, unfitted to cope with the better trained youths of other sections and the rich inheritance of the South masses into other hands. The way i'i clear. May our lawmakers measure up to the great occasion.
Along with State aid there must be correlation of the secondary schools with the elementary schools and the universities. We have been working along this plan in Georgia for four years and without State aid; by careful inspection and local encouragement, we now have eighty-two accredited

230

schools. The accrediting system had its origin in the Northwest, and has had a most stimulating effect upon all classes of schools. I have letters here from every State in the Northwest bearing testimony to the great value of correlation. I will read only one:

UNIVERSITy OF MISSOURI.



.COLUMBIA, Mo., November 9, 1906.

Prof. J. S. Stewart, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga.

DEAR MR. STEWART: Replying to your favor of recent

(late, I beg to state that our experience in Missouri, as well

as the experience of other universities in the Middle YVest,

demonstrates that efficient inspection tends to give high school

teachers good standards of work; to inspire them with zeal

in prosecuting their work and with a desire to improve their

scholarship and teaching skill by attending summer schools or

in other ways puts them into sympathetic relations with men

in higher institutions and leads them to look to these men for

helpful suggestions, gives the principals of schools greater in-

fluence over school boards in securing appropriations, as these

boards like to have their schools as well rated in the State as

schools in towns of similar size; leads the faculties of the

universities to take more interest in the work of the schools;

and, by making pupils in the accredited high schools of the

State feel that the way is wide open to a higher education,

increases the' enrollment in institutions of higher rank.

Twelve years ago there was not a dozen high schools in

Missouri that could prepare students to meet our present en-

trance requirements. There are now 124 accredited schools

in this State, of which 109 are public high schools, and the

work is just well begun. Through the stimula6ng influence of

our inspection we hope to have 200 accredited public high

schools in Missouri within a decade, and that without State aid

to high schools. During these twelve years, though standards

have been g-reatly raised in the University of MisSJuri, the:

enrollment has increased from less than 400 to about 2,500,

in keeping with the growth of accredited schools. This year
over 95 per cent. of our new students entered by certificate

from schools accredited to this and other good universities.

Others had to take entrance examinations.

.

Sincerely yours. .

A. Ross HU,L.

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I hope the time is not far distant when we will have efficient inspection and accredited secondary schools in every Southern State and an interstate affiliation among all these schools and the colleges of the South. By the adoption of uniform standards of units of work, this can soon be brought about. I believe the time is near at hand when we may confidently hope for a national recognition of standard schools.
One other point: In addition to secondary schools of general type throughout the counties of the South, I am greatly in favor of the District Agricultural Schools, authorized in Alabama and Georgia. I believe the national governn'ent should aid these schools, just as it aids the State Agricultural Colleges, either in support or in maintaininr; sl'h-station<:. Chancellor W. B. Hill, two years ago in Jacksonville, made his inaugural address as president of this association in favor of government aid, under State direction, of industrial schools. I f congress would pass a law giving $2,500 CI year to any Congressional District that would equip and maintain a District .~gricultural School, under State direction and support, I believe the result would soon meet with universal approval and be of as far-reaching good, as was the Morrell bill establishing the State agricultural colleges. Two Congressmen from Georgia have introduced bills bearing on this matter. Let the leaders of the South get back of this movement and lead the nation in demands for secondary industrial schools for the rural people. We need it. vVhat we have received for Auburn and Athens and agriculture in all the States has been a blessing. vVe like what we have received. Vlfe want more of it. It is our government and we should not be afraid of help from it. We have not been getting our share of the aid. I can oee no reason for being afraid of national aid, especially along the plan I have mentioned.
I am told that the electricity that runs the street cars, furnishes power and lights for this beautiful city, comes from Tallassee Falls, on the Alab3.ma river, a few miles distant. The latent power in the river, as it flows down through the hills of Alabama and Georgia, has been there for thousands of years, though little used. Some man saw the possibilities and put a wheel and dynamo by the side of the falls anel conv,erted that energy into a form useful to man. So it is with education. There is the stream of knowledge coming down to 11S from far distant ages. Small at first, it has been added to hy this man and that, on down through the centuries until it

reaches us a vast stream. If we let it pass by silent, unused, :t will clo little good, as did the old Alabama when the Indian Hoatecl his canoe along its silent current. We must put our universities beside this stream of knowledge and convert this power of the ages into forms of energy that will serve our variecl needs. It must be distributed from the universities to the secondary schools as sub-stations. From these it will go out through the district schools to every home to brighten and bless and make happy every child. Let us organize and construct educational power-houses and distributing systems with no breaks in the wires-universities, secondary schools, elementary schools-all one for the making of the best American citizenship.

::!33
PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEORGIA COUNTY SCHOOL OFFICIALS' ASSOCIATION.
AT MILLEDGEVILLE, GA., APRIL 23, 24, 25, 1907
MILLEDGEVILLE, GA., April 23, 1907.
The annual meeting of the Georgia County School Officials' Association convened in the county' court house at Milledgeville, Ga., at 10 o'Clock a.m., Tuesday, April 23, 1907, and was called to order by Hon. W. B. Merritt, State School Commissioner.
After devotional exercises, conducted by Rev. Lamar Sims, the association was welcomed in an appropriate address by Mayor Horne, of Milledgeville, Ga.
President M. M. Parks, of the Georgia Normal and Industrial College, also cordially welcomed the association.
State School Commissioner Merritt delivered his annual address to a very large audience.
Hon. R. N. Lamar, of Baldwin county, read a paper on "Relation of' Georgia Normal and Industrial College to the Common Schools."
Roll of counties called and delegates' names recorded. Announcements. Adjournment.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
Afternoon session was called to order at 3 p.m. By request of State School Commissioner, Hon. R. N. Lama'-. of Baldwin county, presided. Address of Prof. John N. Rogers on "Agriculture in the Common Schools." Subject was discussed by Commissioners Howell, Maddox,
AdaTs. J. T. Smith, Jones, ,Moye, Paine, Dennis, and Presi-
dent Parks.
NIGHT SESSION.
The night session was held at the auditorium of the Georgia Norn- al and Industrial College, and consisted of lectures, as follows:
M. L. Duggan, of Hancock county, "Some of the Uses of the Stereopticon in Connection with the County Superintendent's Work." Illustrated with stereopticon.

234

Hon. Lawton B. Evans, of Richmond county, "Improvements in Country School Houses." Illustrated with the stereopticon.
SECOND DAY.

Wednesday, April 24, 1907.

Convention was called to order at 10 a.m. by Hon. R. N.

Lamar.

Devotional exercises by Rev. Ford McRae.

Address on "Consolidation," by Hon. Lawrence Duffie.

Address on "School Improvement," by Hon. \V. G. Smith

Address on "Local Taxation," by Hon. C. B. Chapman.

Discussion by Superintendents Lanier, Duggan and Smith.

Address by Dr. \Vyc1iffe Rose, agent of the Peabody Trus-

tees.

'

On motion, a committee was appointed to report upon an-

nual dues af\d secretary's fees. The committee repJrted im-

mediately that the annual membership dues be fixed at one

dollar, and that the secretary's fee be fixed at fifty dollars.

Report upon motion was adopted.

'

After announcements, adjourned for noon.

AFTERNOON SESSION-SECOND DAY.
Called to order at 3 p.m. by State School Commissioner. Address on "School Improvement Work," by Mrs. Walter B. Hill. Discussion by Han. M. L. Brittain and T. H. Robertson. The following resolution, endorsing the establishment of District Agricultural Schools, was unanimously adopted: 'vVe, the County School Commissioners, in convention assembled, heartily endorse the establishment of an agricultural school in each Congressional district. It is the sense of this body that the course of study in these school" should fully supplement the courses in the other schools now existing in the State and that agriculture and its kindred sciences should be the dominant feature in these schools. TIle Committee on the Teaching of Agriculture in Rural High Schools, beg leave to rep::Jrt that it is fully convinced, (a) That agriculture can be and should have a place in every high school outside' of the larger cities. (b) That whether considered from the cultural, the disciplinary or the useful

235
standpoint, it should rank with any other science now taught in the high school. ( c) That at least one year should be given to its study, but that it can not be taught with benefit without experiment plots and constant contact with nature. (d) That with the sympathetic teacher all the means ~o,r its teaching can be provided about any school at little cost.
The committee does not recommend a course in agriculture, ui. view of the bulletin now in press by the Department of Agriculture at Washington, which gives such a course in detail, with experiments and suggestions of great value to the teacher. This Bulletin will be furnished to every school applying to Dr. A. C. True, director of Experiment Stations, Washington,. D. C. The committee recommends that this course be given a fair trial throughout the State.
The committee wishes to endorse the value of the corn, cotton and chicken contest now being conducted by the State College of Agriculture and requests that these bulletins be continued by the college, and that these b~ introduced in every county by the commissioners.
Respectfully submitted. E. W. CHILDS, Chairman. F. L. FLORENCE,
J. S. STEWART,
W. V. LANIER, Committee.
Roll of counties called and list" of delegates perfected. Report upon "School Inspection," by Hon. G. C. Ada'~1s, of Newton county. Discussion by Hon. F. L. Florence, of Morgan county. Address, "Local Tax Campaigns," by Hon. G. D. Rucker, of Milton county. Address by Chancellor Barrow, of the University of Gemgla. Resolutions on deceased superintendents were read and adopted.
RESOLU'J'IONS OF CONDOLENCE.
Your Committe,: on Conclcknc~ begs leave tJ submit the following report:
\VHEREAS, It has pleased our Heavenly Father to remove from our mid,t, since our last meetine-, three of our very
worthy brethren, viz.: L. E. Welsh, \V. G. Brown, and J. D.
Attaway; and,

236
vVHEREAS, In their death we feel that the cause of education has sustained a great loss.
Resolved) I. That, while we recognize the wisdom of God in this dispensation of His Providence, we will miss their presence an:l counsel in our conventions.
2. That their respective counties will miss their efficient and faithful supervision.
3. That the teachers and pupils of those counties have lost good friends and leaders, who always encouraged them in their arduous duties.
4. That their families have sustained an irreparable loss.
5. That these resolutions be spread on the minutes of our
body and that a copy of them be sent to the family of each with the heartfelt sympathy of this body.
Respectfully submitted. R. M. MCCASLIN)
F. J. Dodd,
L. D. PASSMORE)
Committee.
Invitations for holding next meeting were reqd from Fitzgerald, Brunswick, and Athens.
Upon motion, it was decided to hold next meeting at Brunswick.
Received report on "Classification of School Houses." REpORT OF COMMITTEE ON CLASSIFICATIFN OF SCHOOL HOUSES:
The single school room must be the unit. This room should be 24 by 32 by I3 feet for forty-eight pupils.
The light surface should be about one-fifth the floor space and so arranged as not t'l shin', in the faces of the children, but to give light from left or rear.
Ea:h pupil should have fiftf e:l square feet of floor space an:! 200 cubic feet of air space. The room should have a cloak roo111, black-b:Jards all round the room from two and a
half to three and a half e f 0 from the floor, patent desks,
(single preferred). adapted to the size of the pupils. There should also be in the room a library case and a
teacher's desk and locker. The walls should be ceiled or plastered and pictures should
adorn the walls. One or two good maps and charts should be in the room.
BuiHing should be heated by stove and ventilated by ven tilating flue. Stove should be enclosed in sheet-iron conical

237
case open at the top, the air from outside at all times finding entrance through the vent beneath the stove, thus giving ireS!l air already heated.
The wood work inside and out should be painted. There should be proper drinking vessels, wood-house and out-houses. The grounds should be well graded or terraced, trees properly set and correctly pruned. There should be a garden and flower beds. Such a school building, with grounds properly cared for, should be graded as "A;" if it has two rooms it should be graded as "A2 ;"if three rooms, as "A3;" if four rooms, as "A4" All buildings which meet the requirements as to size, heating, ventilation, ceiling and lights, without the inside and outside equipments, should be graded as "BI," "B2," "B3," etc., according to the number of rooms. All buildings improperly planned, unpainted, poorly equipped, poorly ventilated, or poorly lighted, should be graded as "CI," "C2," etc., according to the number of rooms. All buildirigs that are unsatisfactory, without proper lights, or other (les irable features should be discarded. All such should be graded as "D I," "D2," etc. Adjourned.
NIGHT SESSION-SECOND DAY.
Night session.was called to order by the State School Commissioner at the college -auditorium.
Upon motion, M. L. Duggan was re-elected secretary. Addresses by Prof. Jere M. Pound, Prof. Otis Ashmore. Resolution of thanks to citizens of Milledgeville. Resolutions adopted endorsing the able administration of the State School Commissioner. Thursday morning, April 25, was spent in visiting the State Sanitarium and the Prison Farm.
M. L. DUGGAN, Secretary.

238
ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE STATE SCHOOL COM-
MISSIONER, MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA,
APRIL 23, 1907.
I wish to express my deep appreciation of the cordial welcome given this association by the people of Milledgeville. The speeches of welcome have stirred our hearts, and the hospitable greeting of all the people as they have welcomed us into their homes has emphasized the words.
It seems to me that Milledgeville is peculiarly a fitting place for our gathering together; a place full of interest from the three standpoints of history, education, and commercial prosperity. Around the old capitol some of the most stirring deeds of our history have transpired; from old Midway Academy some of our greatest men have come; and the energy with which this little city pushes forward her enterprises, builds her beautiful churches and fine court house, maintains her excellent schools, and supports two progressive newspapers, inspires us with desire to imitate and to attain.
As a body of educators we are naturally most interested in the educational advantages of the town. The work aone by the Georgia Military Academy is appreciated not only locally but throughout the State. A report of the excellent work done by the Girls' Industrial and Normal S.chool has been eloquently given by one of the trustees, Hon. R. N. Lamar, and we wish to assent to all he has said. Noone is in a better position to value normal training than a body of commissioners, whom experience has taught to appreciate those who have taken work in our normal schools.
The University Summer School and our normal schools are doing work which can not be overestimated by the people, in setting high standards for teachers, both in professional study and in reading, and in the character of work to be accomplished in. every school-room, no matter how humble. The good which the graduates of such schools do can not be measured; their good teaching ; their efforts in enlisting the aid and interest of the community in education; their painted schoolhouses, shade trees. flowers and well kept school yards; their clean. swept and garnished school-rooms; their clubs for neighborhood and school improvement; their trained oratorical speakers; these, and countiess other witnesses show f~rth

239
from day to day their wisdom, their unselfishness, their perseverance.
PROGRESS OF THE YEAR 1906.
The year which has passed since our last meeting has been full of important work. The consciousness of that part which has been well accomplished is today a source of joy, while the memory of that which has been left undone, or done poorly, I trust brings the healthy sting which shall cause us to strive for better things another year. The following statistics show something of our progress during 1906:
New buildings in villages and in rural communities, 222; cost. $186,565.
New buildings in towns and cities, 21; cost, $246,025. Total number of buildings, 243; cost, $432,590. , Increase of enrollment for the year (in round numbers), 28,000. Increase in salaries of superintendents and county school commissioners, $2,74.29. Increase in salaries of teachers, $214,94.85. , I wish to thank the commissioners for their promptness in sending to the department of education their reports for 1906. I should like to have a larger number of the reviews of progress of school work, which I have requested of yon. The importance of this work is hardly appreciated, as yet, i;1 its power of stimulating interest, not alone in the county from which the review is given, but throughout the State. One of the surest signs of progress in education is the building of good houses. 'When school officials and patrons awake to the advantages of comfortable houses, and become more thoroughly convinced of the importance of the environment of the child, we shall experience an architectural renaissance. In traveFng over the State) often find the schoolhouse the ugUest and most uncomfortable building in the community. Some of the buildings are not onlv inferior. bu~ actually a menace to the health of the children. This is mainly due to the indifference of trustees and teachers. In two instances, in one day, I found children sitting with their backs foa window which admitted the cold winter wind through the broken panes.

240
'I'HE COuRT HOUSE COMPARED WITH THE SCHOOL HOUSE IN
ITS COST AND ITS INFLUENCE.
If we will compare our court houses with our schoolhouses we shan be surprised to see the difference. The average cost
ot the former is from $40,000 to $50,000, while $10,000 will
often cover the cost of all the schoolhouses in the county. I admire the fine court houses; I respect citizens who make an effort to secure good buildings for their temples of justice, and I doubt not that every man who looks upon the fine building, who lingers in the stately halls, who sits within the attractive rooms, is insensibly elevated and refined. My plea is not against the costly court house, but for better schoolhouses.' The child, so much more easily impressed by environment than the man, also needs better surroundings; it is the same question of the uplifting influence of beauty and refinement. The elegant court house insures the more perfect administration of justice, and the neat, attractive schoolhouse insures better teaching; both act as an inspiration.
The influence of a good house, attractive grounds, well furnished and equipped rooms, shows in three important. directions:
I. The attendance is uniformly better, and the term is longer.
2. The interest of the community is aroused; patrons commence to speak of "our school," and they are anxious to have visitors to their community see the schoolhouse.
3. The quality of the work is improved. Anyone of these improvements is of value, and is well worth the expenditure of time, energy, and money. Mrs. vValter B. Hill, who is in charge of the school improvement work of the State, is doing good work, as are also the vVamen's Clubs, in encouraging and instructing in treeplanting, laying off school grounds and school gardens, and decorating houses. The interest in agriculture is greatly increased by such work. For its own importance agriculture should be studied, and for the encouragement to the district agricultural schools from which we expect so much.
TwO IMPORTANT PAMPHLETS.
Two pamphlets which have been sent out from the department of education during the past year have caused widespread attention; the first is called Plans and Specifications

241
for School Buildings, and contains comprehensive plans for one, two, three, and four-room houses; the second is called Report of School Work and School Conditions, and contains short accounts by experienced school men of actual conditionsc in several counties. _
If these pamphlets have shown one thing more clearly than another it is thris-
That the greatest need of our educational system is competent supervision. It is a prevalent idea that the school is. good if the enrollment is high; often the quality of work, thedevelopment of the child is not considered. Our county superintendents must not pay mere formal visits to the schools under their charge, they are something more than visitors;. they should be the consulting physician; the wise counsellor; the authority to settle satisfactorily the perplexing questions. which daily arise; the good and true friend to whom the teacher instinctively turns. My friends, observe carefully all the signs of the times when you are in the school-room; he-quick to encourage the least indication of progress, and to suppress all that is false and unlovely; study to show your- self a workman approved of all men, in that you show yourability to help the teacher to see her own defects as well as her worthiness, her excellencies, and in that you help her to' correct her faults, and to become a better teacher from having:taught under your supervision.
Teach yourself and your teachers to become ardent admirers of the child, per se, and to become diligent students of child nature. Let the physical wants, the moral requirements. the mental cravings and development be your constant care, and strive to satisfy the whole man with the right food in the right season,
THE BACKWARD AND THE DEFICIENT CHILD.
The two classes of children who deserve our tenderest care and most sympathetic treatment are the two classes which are most neglected-namely, the backward and the deficient children. We hear much about the danger of the lock-step, and the pernicious practice of throwing all children into the same hopper. Eliminate the backward and the deficient child and: these arguments are without good foundation.
Physical defect is often the cause of mental inefficiency. The superintendent and the teacher need often to call intoconsultation the parent and the best physician possible.' The
16 Be

242
story of the little girl who showed such interest in her work and apparently was so bright, but who could not learn to read, thus puzzling her teachers into the conviction that she was obstinate or a fool, until a physician said she was mirroreyed, and needed glasses to correct this defect that she might :see letters as other children saw them, is a fair example of the need of expert opinion. This child learned in a few weeks after putting on glasses to read fluently. The pitiful part of it is that these little ones suffer so patiently, never accusing others of wrongfully using them, and not being themselves conscious of the real wrong done them, or of the injury incurred.
The measures which the medical and dental associations have inaugurated in instructing teachers to use all precaution and to give instruction relative to tuberculosis and the care of the teeth, are important and far-reaching in their significance.
THE RESPONSE OF THE CHILD TO INTEREST AND SYMPATHY.
To care tenderly for the physical child is to awake the mother spirit that slumbers in every good woman, and this awakened, the child is safe in sympathetic, loving care, to the influence of which he responds as the flower to the sunshine. The difference in the nature of the child basking in the perpetual sunshine of love, care, sympathy, and the one who merely goes to school and has his lessons heard, is the difference shown in the lichen developed by the meagre sunshine of the northern climate, and the luxuriant, flowering; exquisitely fragrant plant of the tropics. When a woman like Miss Berry gives her life to the boys of her school, when a woman like Mrs. Heard gives all her efforts toward sending books into every school that will receive them, when a man like Col. G. Gunby Jordan spends his time and means in establishing kindergartens and schools for manual training; when
a good farmer, like Mr. J. B. Nash, of Gwinnett county, gives
one thousand dollars toward building a nice schoolhouse for the children of his community, we know that these children will not fail to become wiser, stronger, better women and men from the warmth of sympathy and devoted interest lavished upon them.
THE GEORGIA BOY.
The most valuable asset that Georgia possesses is the Georgia boy. \Ve welcome good irpmigrants; but we want, above

243
everything else, to know that our own boys are being trained into the most skilled workmen, the best farmers, the most courteous gentlemen. We want our boys fitted for the best places in the best State in the Union; the soil is theirs by inheritance; the traditions are theirs by blood; the sentiments are theirs by instinct; the love of their native State is theirs by nature; and the ability to be all that their forefathers have been, and more, is theirs by the cumulative forces of environment and heredity; they are the "heirs of all the ages." What shall the education we give them do for them? Shall it make or shall it mar?
The World}s Work for February} 1907, says: "One of the biggest and stubbornest facts that face us in CJur prosperity is the lack of skilled workmen. Vlfe are sud denly waking up to it that, with all our educational machinery, there is no part of it-except a few private schools and the bare beginnings of work in a few public schools-that trains the young directly to earn their livings by the trades. "There is only one way out of this absurd position. A part of the public school machinery must be adapted to trade-training, and enough of it to put a free trade-school within the reach of every boy and girl who wants it. 'Educationalists' may discuss this theory and that till the crack of doom. This is a condition, and not a theory; and the people had just as well begin to make this change, no matter what theory it violates. If teaching the trades be not 'education,' so much the worse for education. When we have to import carpenters and paperhangers and masons and the like, and when very, very few American boys have a chance to learn these trades, and when we maintain public schools to teach boys, it is time to stop the foolishness of discussion and to come to the common sense of making the schools do what is needed. "Most of the 'education' that we offer to those who must become wage-earners not only fails to fit them for their work, but tends to make them dissatisfied with it. Our high schools are designed.to help professional and business men-the class which needs help least. We learned long ago that a college which \vas meant chiefly to train preachers could not" give us good engineers, and we have been building engineering schools ever since. We are now just finding out that a high school which is meant mainly to prepare boys for college does not help boys who are going to be carpenters. "Yet, the apprenticeship system-except in some highly or-

244
ganized shops~no longer meets the demands of modern conditions. Even immigration has not supplied the deficiency. 'vVe need more skilled workmen than we have any means of getting. Private trade-schools can never be numerous enough to reach the mass of the working people. They can hardly do more than point the way. We must have public schools that will prepare the carpenter to build, as well as prepare others for the professions-schools "in which young men and yOW1g women may get a training adapted to the work which they intend to do."
LOCAL TAXATION FOR SCHOOLS.
In order to make our schools worth while, in order to make them meet the demands of our growing civilization, we must have better teaching, longer terms, better houses, more completeequipment. This means more money. This question of the supremest concern is solved by local taxation. 'vVe rob a people of their birthright when we take from them the necessity of taxing themselves to support their schools; that which costs nothing is worth nothing; we value what we pay for. The sentiment in favor of local taxation has grown in the last two years, and is growing rapidly, as shown by the fact that eight counties and one hundred and eighty districts have adopted it. The State Educational Campaign Committee i6 helping this movement greatly by sending speakers and literature to those counties enough interested in the question to agitate the subject.
Civilization brings many problems and propositions for the individual, the community, the county and the State. These problems can be solved only by careful inquiry and business judgment. It is a remarkable fact that throughout the State our best men, even though they may have no children to educate, favor local taxation, for the purpose of establishing better school systems. A striking example of such a man is found in Judge Thomas G. Lawson, whose magnificent address on this subject may be found in the annual report of the State School Commissioner, for the year 1902, page 78. As a ChristiaM citizen, and as a patriotic citizen, a business man realizes that a child when educated becomes a happier, a more useful, and a more valuable member of society.
In most instances where local taxation has been voted in this State, there are a few men who have no property to tax, and a great number of children to educate, who vote

245
against the measure. This is the most puzzling question of school conditions with which I have had to deal. I hereby offer a prize for the best explanation of the conduct of such men.
I am sure that tax-payers of the State wotild pay their taxes still more cheerfully if all the patrons of our schools showed more appreciation of school advantages.
Local taxation is no uncertain experiment; counties which have voted it want no other plan. Tuition and private subscription will no more efficiently maintain a long term school / than the receipts from a toll-gate or an occasional collection will keep the county bridges in repair.
The time has come for this forward movement in educational work. We must keep step with other States. A very careful investigation should be made of this question by every voter. It is an awful responsibility to oppose measures looking to the betterment of schools, without making investigation. This matter should receive as careful study as the business man gives to a manufacturing enterprise in which he is about to invest his money.
What should you think of a juror who had heard only rumors in regard to a case upon which he was to assist in giving a verdict, and who said to the Judge: "May it please your Honor, I should like to be excused until the hour of considering the verdict. I do not care to hear the evidence, and the arguments of the lawyers, nor the Judge's charge; my mind is made up already"?
Some men have voted against local taxation who knew less about the matter than this juror did of the case he was to pass judgment upon.
COUNTY HIGH SCHOOLS.
The need of county high-schools is a pressing one. Last year thirty-eight pupils in Jones county w-ent out of the county to obtain the necessary training for college. The establishment of a high-school in each county is not only a necessity, it is an economical measure, and will bring back a financial return. The Constitution of this State should be so amended as to allow State aid to be extended to such schools. We have taken the right step in commencing to agitate the question; so soon as our people awake to the necessity 'they will respond, and so soon as our legislators are impressed with the desire of

246
the people for the high-school in each county the necessary legislation will be enacted.
Dr. Elmer E. Brown, United States Commissioner of Education, says: . "You of the South will not expect me to tell you how to make public sentiment in this matter. The glimpses which I have caught of the great campaign of education which you are carrying on at this present time are enough to make me feel a great humility when it comes to offering you advice. Nobody who has seen any part of this campaign can fail of the conviction that it is one of the notable and significant facts in our current educational history. In this powerful movement I can only, from the depths of my heart, bid you Godspeed.
"There is hardly anything more to be desired by those who are working for improvements in our systems of education than a wide knowledge of what is actually doing in the foremost educational States of our Union. The trophies of Miltiades would not let the young Thucydides rest. And the work of Horace Mann, in Massachusetts, the comprehensive organization of the University of the State of New York, and the democratic ideals of Thomas Jefferson, culminating in the University of Virginia, have furnished the sting of emulation and the allurement to higher achievement in every other American State, a sting and an allurement which have been felt, as we are told, even in the old and the new civilizations beyond the seas."
THE GRAND JURY)S RELATION TO OUR SCHOOL SYSTEM.
In my report to the Legislature I shall includ~ the reports which the commissioners make to their grand juries, and the comments of the grand juries on the educational affairs in their respective counties. The grand juries should always be in close touch .with school work. Under our law, the grand jury selects the board of education, and it has the power to request the removal of a member of the county board of education, after giving the said member the right of presenting his defense; the grand jury audits the accounts of the county school commissioner, and reviews in the presentments the work of the commissioner and of the board of education. It is not only the duty of the county school commissioner, but an opportunity, in his reports to the grand jury to give detailed

247
information as to school matters, and to solicit the cooperation and interest of this body. I have had several ~nstances brought to my attention where the members of the grand jury were indifferent, and sometimes almost hostile, to the plans of the county school commissioner and county board of education, but who gave enthusiastic endorsement to these same plans after a full statement and discussion of them with the school authorities.
Recognizing the importance of enlisting the intelligent co~ operation of our grand juries, I have this year sent out each week the following letter to the foreman of each grand jury:
"DEAR SIR: I am anxious to secure, for the purpose of including them in my annual report to the Legislature, the presentments and recommendations of your grand jury in regard to educational matters of your county. Please call the attention of your committee to this, and ask the clerk of the court to send me that paragraph of your presentments which touches' education.
"Enclosed you will find the account of your county with this department. I send you, under separate cover, literature which I shall be obliged if you will distribute among the members of the grand jury."
THE FIVE GREAT FORCES OF CIVILIZATION.
The five great forces of civilization are: The church The school The law Society The commercial world. These forces should not be exerted separately but together. Our efforts as school men, educators, can accomplish much,
but how much more in combination with th.e companion forces r
THE DUTY OF LEGISLATORS TO EDUCATION.
Our legislators should go to their General Assembly each year fully apprised of all the plans of the school officials of their counties for the advancement and improvement of their schools. They should have a clear appreciation of the work attempted that they may give us their cooperation, and active support in the agitation of those measures which will result in greater appropriations, more skilled supervision, unification of State forces in education, and prompt payment of teachers.

248
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHURCH ON EDUCATION.
The church has ever been a potent influence in education. The early ages looked to her as the source of all training and learning, and to-day the denominational schools are doing a wide and highly appreciated work. Not alone through the donations which the church is able to raise for its schools, but through its influence is good accomplished. I have in mind a high-school, well night abandoned; this school was placed under the supervision of a church, and while very little money was given through this source, the school immediately took on new life, and is to-day active, self-supporting; this was brought about almost solely through the influence and sentiment which the church was enabled to create.
SOCIAL INFLUENCES IN EDUCATION.
Society stands ready to help us. The women in their club work recognize education as one of the interests demanding their attention, and they establish traveling libraries, model schools, free kindergartens in 'factories, day nurseries, sewing and cooking classes, and numerous other good works. This they have done, and are doing without any great amount of encouragement from school authorities.
THlt GEORGIA BUSINESS MEN'S CONFERENCE.
"At the Southern Educational Conference at Pinehurst, North Carolina, on April 10, 1907, forty-four representatives
were present from the State of Georgia, including Gov. J. M.
Terrell, Mr. George Foster Peabody, Chancellor Barrow, State School Commissioner Merritt, and many others.
At a special meeting of the Georgia representatives, Mr. S. M. Inman was elected chairman, and Prof. M. M. Parks, secretary.
After a lengthy discussion, it was decided advisable and important that some of the representative citizens and business men of Georgia should be called in a conference to consider the urgent educational needs of the State.
A resolution was unanimously passed requesting Mr. S. M. Inman to serve as the chairman of a committee of fifty (50) .citizens who should meet to discuss and formulate plans for the furtherance of the educational interests of Georgia.
Mr. Inman, as chairman of the meeting, was asked to

arrange the tIme and place for the meeting, and to name we committee of fifty, four from each congressional district, and six from the State at large.
We not. only expect from these business men wholesome counsel, but aid in shaping legislation for the betterment of school conditions throughout the State. We feel already great enthusiasm, an electric and quickened attention directed to educational work because of the coming conference of business men. When men of affairs think it worth while to turn aside for a while to consider educational questions, the whole world sets greater value on them.
Fellow Commissioners, ours is no obscure calling; too long we have regarded it so, and we have therefore hidden our candles under the bushel measures of our own poor opinion of the work entrusted to us. Ours is a work state-wide, national, world-wide. Ours is a work that touches every home, and every fireside; a work that permeates all business, all society, all statecraft, all religions. The magnitude of it is appalling. Which of us is equal to the calling?

250

PRESENT AT MILLEDGEVILLE CONVENTION.

W. B. MERRITT, Executive Officer ... .State School Commissioner

JOHN N. ROGERS,

Clerk to S. S. C.

COUNfY SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS, GEORGIA.

COUNTY.

NAME.

POST-OFFICE.

Appling

H. J. Parker

Baxley.

Baker

Henderson Hall, Jr

Newton.

Baldwin

R. N. Lamar..... .

Milledgeville.

Banks

G. G. Stran~e

Homer. R. F. D No.1.

Ben Hill

R. G. Prentiss

Fitzgerald.

Berrien

W. G. Avera

Nashville.

Bibb

C. B. Chapman

Macon.

Bryan

E. Benton

Pembroke.

Bulloch

J. E. Brannen

f-\tatesboro.

Butta

C. S Maddox

Jackson.

Calhoun

J. J. Beck

Morgan.

Camden

.T. O. Mangham

St. Marys.

Campbell

F. J. Dodd

Fairburn.

Chatham

Otis Ashmore

Savannah.

. Chattahoochee C. N. Howard. . . . .. . Cusseta.

Clay

E. R. King .. _

Fort Gaines.

Clinch

W. T. Dickerson

Homerville.

Cobb

W. R. Power

Marietta.

Coffee

Melyin Tanner

Douglas.

Colquitt

.Tohn E. Howell

Moultrie.

Columbia

B. P. Jordan

Grovetown.

Crawford

J. F. Hartley Fort Valley, R. F. D. No.2.

Crisp

J. W. Bivins

Cordele.

Dodge

M. L. Burch

East"nan .

Dooly

E. G. Greene

Vienna.

Early _

Thomas F . Jones

Blakely

Echols

J G. Prine

Statenville.

Effingham. . . .. .. A. E. Bird

Guyton.

EmanueL

Edward Warren

Swainsboro.

Fayette. . .. . W. N. D. Dixon

Fayetteville.

Floyd'

J. C. King. ..

Rome.

COUNTY.

Franklin

Fulton

Glascock

Glynn

Grady

Greene. .. .

Habersham

Hall

Hancock

Haralson

Harris

Hart

Heard

Henry. . .. .

Houston

Irwin

Jackson

Jl\sper

Jeff Davis

Jefferson

Jenkins

Johnson

Jones

.

Laurens

Madison

McDuffie

Meriwether

Milton

Mitchell

Montgomery

Morgan "

Muscogee

Newton

Oconee

Oglethorpe

Pike

Polk

Pulaski

Putnam

Rabun

Randolph

Richmond

Rockdale

Schley

Screven

Spalding

251

NAME.

J. W. Landrum

M. L. Brittain

E. B. Rogers

N. H. Ballard

J. B. Wight

W. A. Purks. .

C. W. Grant

T. H. Robertson

M. L. Duggan

John W. White

T. L. Thomason

B. H. Pearman

Hope H. Cook

"

Lawrence Duffey

G. W. Smith

J. W. Weaver

R. D. Moore

W. A. Reid

T ..J. Ellis

H. E. Smith

W. V. Lanier......

L. M. Blount

E. W. Sammons

J. T. Smith

B. N. Whit~

M. W. Dunn

R. M. McCaslan

G. D. Rucker

J. H. Powell

A. B. Hutcheson

F. L. Florence

J. M. Moon

G. C. Adams

James M. Mayne

R. M. Bacon

G. B. Ridley

J. E. Lovvorn

R. C. Sanders

M. B. Dennis

L. M. Chastain

:h:. W. Childs

Lawton B. Evans

A. D. Hammock

J. M. Collum

H. J. Arnett

J. 0 A. Miller

POST-OFFICE.
Carnesville. Atlanta. Gibson. Brunswick. Cairo. Greensboro. Clarkesville. Gainesville. Sparta. Buchanan. Chipley. Hartwell . Cooksville. McDonough. Perry. Irwinville. Jefferson. Monticello. Hazelhurst. Bartow. MillE'n. W rights ville. Round Oak. Dublin. Danielsville. Cobbham. Greenville. Alpharetta. Camilla. Mt. Vernon. Madison. Col umbus. Covington. Bishop. Stephens. Zebulon. Cedartown. Hawkinsville. Eatonton. Clayton. Cuthbert Augusta. Conyers. Putnam. Sylvania. Pomona.

252

COUNTY.

NAME.

Sumter

W. S. Moore

Taliaferro , S. J. Flint

,

Taylor

A. S. Wallace

Telfair. . . . .. T. P. Windsor

Tift

William R. Smith

Toombs

P. A. McQueen

Turner, .. '

F. H. Taylor

Twiggs

B. S. Fitzpatrick

Walton

R. L. Paine

Warren

A. S. Morgan

Washington

Wade H. Wood

Wayne ,

B. D. Purcell

Wilkes

J. M. Pitner

Wilkinson

,P. F. Duggan

'Vorth

L. D. Passmore

POST-OF:FICE.
Americus. Sharon. Daviston. McRae. .'rifton. Vidalia. Luke. Fitzpatrick. Social Circle. Warrenton. Sandersville. Jesup. Washington. Irwinton. Sylvester.

253

MEMBERS BOARDS OF EDUCATION.

COUNTY.

Appling

Bulloch

Bulloch

Colquitt

Crawford

Dodge

,

Hancock

Hancock

,

Henry

Irwin

Jones

Macon

McDuffie

Meriwether

Newton ','

Polk

Pulaski

Quitman

Rabun

Randolph

Stewart

Tift

Tift

\iVilkes

Baldwin County

NAME.
J. J. Williams
D. E. Bird Jason Franklin
J. C. Killebrew
R. E. Avera ,. W. H. Thompson
F. A. Butts
J. T. Whaley S. C. McWilliams
E. Tucker
J. L. Elder G. C. Thistlewood
C. H. Ellington
J. M. Barnes
J. T. Pitts
J. E. Houseal
R. D.Abney 1. L. Balcon
R. E. Cannon
'.' .. R. L. Moye W. T. Halliday
J. M. Horne
Dr. Pickett
J. A. Moss
Entire Board of Education

University of Georgia

Cave Spring

,

Vidalia

Athens

Athens

Athens

Athens

Chancellor Barrow \iV. O. Connor E. L. Ray
J. S. Stewart T. J. 'Woofter
D. L. Earnest E. C. Branson

254
FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL SESSION
GEORGIA EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION, Macon, Ga., April 25, 26, 27, 1907.

OFFICERS FOR 197:

D. C. Barrow, President

Athens.

L. B. Evans, First Vice-President.

Augusta.

Mrs. A. M. Lambdin, Second Vice-President

Barnesville.

R. B. Daniel, Secretary
J. C. Wardlaw, Treasurer

Valdosta. Milledgeville.

The officers constitute the board of directors.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

J. M. Pound, Chairman

(1907)

J. H. Walker

(1908 )

L. B. Robeson

(199)

E. IN. Childs

(I9IO)

And the president of the association (e:c-ofiicio.)

PROGRAMME.
THURSDAY AFTERNOON) APRIL 25, 1907.
3 p.m.-Annual Meeting of the Directors. 4 p.m.-Annual Meeting of the Trustees.
THURSDAY EVENING-8 O'CLOCK.
1. Prayer-President S. Y. Jameson. 2. Address of Welcome-President DuPont Guerry. 3. Response in Behalf of the Association-President K. G. Matheson. 4. Our Lay Ministry-The President of the Association. 5. Informal reception. Announcements.
FRIDAY MORNING) APRIL 26-9 O'CLOCK. I. Report of the Committee on the Betterment of the Pro-
fession-T. J. 'Woofter, L. B. Evans, J. H. Walker, J. M.
Pound, E. \lV. Childs.

255

Discussion and suggestions2. (a) Domestic Science-Miss Harriet Folger.
(b) Industrial Art-Miss Maybelle Moore. Discussion-Miss Thursby. 3. Agriculture in Schools-C. W. Davis. Discussion-Commissioner T. G. Hudson, G. C. Adams. 4. Teachers' Institutes---'Commissioner Vif. B. Merritt. Discussion-D. L. Earnest, John Gibson. S. (a) The Kind of Superintendent I Like-Mrs. Gertrude A. Alexander.
(b) The Kind of Teacher 1" Like-Superintendent Otis Ashmore.
General discussion.

FRIDAY AFTERNOON.
Members of the Association will attend Memorial Exercises in the city of Macon.
Meeting of Departments: Superintendence~W. T. Garrett.
1.

What records do you keep and should you keep in the super-

intendent's office for the school board, what distinctively for

the public, and what fo.r the superintendent and teachers?

Method of securing data and of book-keeping in the super-

intendent's office?

.

Paper by J. M. Stephenson, Jr., Elberton, Ga.

Impromptu d i s c u s s i o n . .

II.

The Normal Class-What have you done, are doing, and expect to do in this class? The subjects, method of procedure, how often and how long held at one time, and on what day of the week? vVho teaches it? How are good preparation and good cooperation secured, etc. Be specific.
Paper by E. E. Tyner, Fitzgerald, Ga.
Impromptu discussion.

III..

What have you done, what are you doing, and what should you do best to relate the grammar school to the high school, particularly the country common school to the city high school?
Paper by R. E. Brooks, Montezuma, Ga.
Impromptu discussion.

256
IV.
How may we enlist the interest of parents in school work? Introductory remarks by Hon. W. B. Merritt. (a) Exhibit of school work by A. F. Ware, Wadley, Ga. ( b) Weekly or monthly reports by Jason Scarboro, Tifton, Ga. (c) Supplementary reading by W. E. Nichols.. Boston, Ga. (d) Public exercises, improptu discussion. ( e) Mothers' meetings, impromptu discussion.
V.
Should this department of supervision, through a committee or otherwise, embody the main ideas and suggestions offered here, in a recommendation to the Georgia Educational Association, through the Executive Committee, through the Committee on Resolutions, or otherwise, in the hope that this recommendation be approved by the association, and incorporated as a part of the proceedings of the association?
Impromptu discussion. High School and College--J. S. Stewart.
Topics for discussion1. Value and feasibility of organizing District High School Associations, with attending conferences, contests in elocution, track athletics, with annual State meet. 2. Discussion of High School course of study for two, three, and four-y~r schools. 3. The departmental plan-its advantages and defects as ascertained from experience of those using it. 4. Agriculture in the High School Curriculum by those who have tried it. 5. Domestic Science in the High School Curriculum, by those who have tried it. 6. Successes and failures in securing laboratory equipment for teaching sciences. 7. Reference libraries. Library book selection in general. 8. Progress in teaching English classics. 9. The advantages of a general adoption of the "unit sys'tem" of reporting and rating work and for graduating pupils. Note. There will be no formal papers, but teachers in the high schools and colleges are requested to attend and take part in the discussions, remarks being limited to five minutes.

257
Graded Schools-Miss Mamie L. Pitts. Topics for DiscussionI. How to Secure Regular Attendance-Otis Ashmore, Savannah. 2. Composition Plans-Miss Velona Fulghum, Macon. 3. Home Study-Lawton B. Evans, Augusta. 4. The Kindergarten in Relation to Later Education-Miss Willette A. Allen, Atlanta.
5. Art in Everyday Life-Miss Elizabeth M. Getz, Atlanta. 6. Literature in the Graded Schools-Miss Minnie Burg-
hard, Macon.
7. Types of Teachers-Miss Mamie L. Pitts, Atlanta.
FRIDAY EVENING--8 OJCLOCK.
I. Review of the Minutes of the Teachers' Meeting in 1832 -Superintendent Lawton B. Evans.
SATURDAY MORNING--9 OJCLOCK.
I. School Improvement Work in Georgia-Mrs. Walter B. Hill.
Discussion-Led by Superintendent M. L. Brittain, R. L. Pai,ne, M. B. Dennis.
2. Purpose and Scope of College Training-President M. M. Parks.
General discussion. 3.The Vitalization of Subjects in a Course of Study-Miss C. S. Parrish. Discussion-Superintendent E. A. Pound, O. A. Thaxton. 4. Election of Officers. S. Reports of Committees. 6. Adjournment.
17 sc

258
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON BETTERMENT OF EDUCATION IN GEORGIA.
(Georgia Editorial Association.)
T. J. WOOFTER, Chairman.
J. M. POUND, L. B. EVANS,
E. W. CHILDS.
The greatest problem God has set for man is, How to make man better. There is but one answ~r: Education.
The proqlem of government finally reduces to a problem of education. The law is but a schoolmaster to bring man to moral habitude. Christ commissioned all his disciples to educate all men to Christianity. He gave them essentially a teacher's commission.
It is with certain phases of this supreme problem we have to do to-day. This committee was appointed to consider ways and means for the betterment of the profession of teaching and the promotion of education generally in Georgia. The following report is therefore respectfully submitted to your consideration:
'Dhe problem of education divides itself into three problems: I. The financing of a school system wisely and effectively. 2. The securing of trained and efficient teachers for all schools. 3. The proper supervision for organization, management and leadership in improvement. Imperfect solution of anyone of these will make impossible a good solution of the other two. Not anyone of the three has been other than very imperfectly solved for Georgia. It will be impossible to keep the three separated throughout our discussion, but let us note them somewhat in reverse order of above-mentioned and as set forth in the following needs:
1. A PROFESSIONAL STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION IN LIEU OF THE PRESENT EX-OFFICIO, ONE COMPOSED OF STATE-HOUSE OFFICERS.
I. How constituted. This board should be made up of the Governor, the State

"
25~
Superintendent of Public Schools, the Attorney-General and :a certain number of men of prominence actively engaged in educational work whose terms of office should be arranged so as to expire at different times. The Governor should be the President of the Board, the State Superintendent should be the Secretary and Executive Agent of the Board, and the Attorney-General the legal advisor of the Board.
2. General powers and duties. This board should be empowered to transact all business now done by the present board, to make and adopt such rwes, laws and regulations not inconsistent with the laws of the State as may be necessary for its own government, for carrying into effect the provi'sions of an Acts pertaining to the schools of the State and the direction and government of the public common schools of the State. This board should have charge of the certification of teachers :and county school commissioners, the direction of teachers and institutes, the adoption of a State course of study and of textbooks to be used in the public common schools, the apportionment of the State school fund, the interpretation of school laws, and the regulation and promotion of education generally throughout the State. 3. The Certificatiol) of Teachers. The State BO<lrd should have power to grant certificates entitling the holders to teach in the schools of the State. These certificates should be divided into two classes, County Certifi- - , cates and Professional Certificates, and further subdivided as the Board may determine. County Certificates should be based ,on examinations .similar to those now given. County Certifi,'Cates might be granted by the County Superintendents if so :authorized by the State Board. The Professional Certificates should be at least of two grades, namely, State Certificates to continue for five years, and Life Certificates to continue in force as long as the holder continues actively in educational work. A State Certificate might be ~ranted to a holder of a three-years' County Certificate who -passes a satisfactory examination on such additional subjects as the State Board may determine. A State Certificate might be renewed or a Life Certificate might be granted to a holder of a State Certificate under conditions fixed by the State Board. , A. Professional Certificate might be granted to a graduate
<of any normal school or college whose course of study is ap-

260
proved by the State Board. It is however understood that any course to be so approved must include professional subjects such as history of education, educational psychology, school management, science and art of education, and the like. In short, the matter of granting and annulling certificates should be left to the State Board.
4. The Adoption of Uniform Text-Books and a Course of Study.
Here again the State Board should he the unifying and directing agency. Without violating the spirit of the present law, a State Board made up as we suggest would be the proper
parties to pass on such matters. A sub~commission would
then be unnecessary. 5. The Direction of Teachers' Institutes.. Likewise the teachers' institutes should be a matter which
this Board should handle. The institutes should be instruments of great good, but because of no strong, central direction they have degenerated in many counties.
The State Board should be empowered to make a list of a sufficient number of prominent educators who shall be holders of Professional Certificates and who shall be competent to act as institute instructors. The times, places and instructors of these institutes should be fixed by the. State Superintendent after consultations with the various County Superintendents, and a special institute fund should be set aside out of the annual apportionment made each county. Teachers who attend -the institute should be entitled to a salary the same as if the time spent at the institute were spent in teaching.
6. Expenses. The members appointed by the Gorvemor should receive a sum equal to their necessary expenses. The Secretary of the Board should be paid a salary fixed by the Board, for most of the work of the Board, especially as a board of examiners, will fall on the Secretary.
II. A STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS SHOULD BE SUBSTITUTED FOR THE STATE SCHOOL COMMISSIONER AND THIS OFFICE PUT ON A MORE EFFICIENT BASIS.
I. The salary of this office is limited qy the Constitution to
$2,000. This is an absurdly inadequate sum, and a constitutional amendment should remove the limitation.

261
2. The Constitution provides that the Legislature may substitute other officer or officers for the State School Commissioner. It is recommended that a State Superintendent be substituted for the State Commissioner, and the Attorney-General be requested to construe whether such a substitution would not enable the Legislature to increase his salary beyond the $2,000.
As Superintendent he should not only have charge of the administration of school laws and general direction of the business relating to the common schools of the State, but also he should be charged with the general superintendence of instruction in the common schools of the State, the course of study therefor, the examination of teachers, the direction of teachers' institutes, the supervision of the work of the various county superintendents, and such other duties as may be legally assigned him, all under the direction of the State Board of Ed~cation, whose secretary and executive officer he should be.
3. The State Superintendent should be ex-officio a member of the general board of trustees of the State University and of the several special boards of trustees of the various normal schools of the State.
4. The State Superintendent should be authorized to appoint a deputy superintendent in addition to his present office force, and prescribe his duties. The salaries of officers and employees of the State Superintendent's office should b,e fixed by the.State Board.
III. TO COMPLETE AND MAKE EFFECTIVE THE SYSTEM OF SUPERVISION, THERE MUST BE EFFICIENT COUNTY SUPERVISION.
The county school commissioner should be changed to a county superintendent, who should be employed for his full time, and who should be a skilled professional school supervisor capable of instructing his teachers and developing his schools along modern lines. The county board should select such superintendents just as city boards elect city superintenents. This new order need not interfere with any experienced man now in office, but his successor to be eligible should hold a professional certificate.

262

IV. A MORE COMPLETE AND BETTER CORRELATED SCHOOL SYSTEM.

We need more schools not only for primary and higher education, but also for secondary education; that is, we need middle or high schools that our primary schools may lead gradually on to a higher training and culture. This would call for a constitutional amendment and laws looking to the development of high schools especially through taxation. The present constitutional restriction discriminates against the country high school.

There is a unity, a solidarity of education, from the kinder-

garten to the university; this truth we fail to recognize. We

must amend the Constitution or give a more liberal interpreta-

tion to its phrase, the subjects of an elementary English educa-

tion only.

.

, We need consolidation of the schools until there are' three or more teachers in. every school. The one-room country school should be the rare exception, not the almost universal rule. In brief, our system of country schools should be just as efficient and complete as our city systems.

V. AN IN8REASED SCHOOL FUND IN KEEPING WITH THE GREATNESS OF THE WORK.
.. There is no greater work the State, the community, or the parent can do. Nothing is more expensive than ignorance, nothing more commercially productive than education. All history teaches this. Hence education can not be slighted by the just State, neither can the parent shift all the responsibility on the State. The most successful schools in the United States are largely those supported by local taxation. The State should guarantee a minimum term, probpbly five months, and this should be extended to eight or nine months by local taxation. This is in harmony with democratic principles of local self~ government. Unless the school system is wisely and efficiently financed it is idle to talk about other phases of the schoolproblem. Finance is the core of the problem. In Georgia we are not doing our duty. In truth, we disgrace ourselves.
I. It is disgraceful that our teachers of country schools have to wait long for their pittance. The State must appropriate to

26H
bring up all arrears and to have money in readiness for the prompt payment of salaries.
2. The State should make liberal appropriations to maintain the public common schools a minimum term.
3. Local taxation must be encouraged, preached, urged by all intelligent men and women until public sentiment is so strong for it that all schools will be cheerfully extended to eight or nine months, that excellent houses be built, that suitable grounds be prOvided, that every school be equipped with library and apparatus, that both grounds and buildings be aesthetically improved and kept, that high schools be developed so as to be accessible to all children, country as well as city, that all schools be supplied with professionally trained teachers, and that every county be under the supervision of a skilled county superintendent.
4. All the State institutions for higher education, university, normal, industrial, should be far more liberally supported. Georgia has not been doing her duty here, but has been too niggardly with all these State schools and colleges. These are a necessary part of any scheme of education which will make a State great and prosperous. These are vital, for they supply our leaders, our moulders of thought, our shapers of policies. These are the dynamos to electrify our whole educational system. No part of our system, primary, secondary, higher, can say to another, "I have no need of thee." No pa.rt should be arrayed against another part, for such would be rankdemagoguery, A complete system, then, should be symmetrically developed and supported, for this is to the best interest of all classes.
In appropriating to maintain these schools it is especially urged that the increased expense of living be considered. Nearly all necessities of life have been rapidly increasing in cost. This has been recognized by the gradual increase in wages of nearly all artisans and even of unskilled laborers, yet the salaries of teachers in schools and colleges have been at a standstill on a low plane.
Richard H. Edmonds, editor of M arnru{adured Record and -foremost of world authorities, says in recounting America's amazing advance: "Increasing wages, on a scale never seen before, mark the closing months of 1906."
Yet in' Georgia more is often paid for convict hibor t~ for the services of the teachers of our children. In truth, utFwe

264
not disgrace ourselves? We must have an increased school fund in keeping with the greatness of the work.
The recent heroic action of our ~ister State, Alabama, challenges Georgia to similar patriotic action.
VI. A TEACHING PROFESSION ON A HIGHER PLANE; MORE PROFESSIONALLY TRAINED TEACHERS CONSECRATED TO THEIR LIFE WORK, AND PUT ON A FOOTING WITH OTHER PROFESSIONS AS TO CERTIFICATION FOR LIFE AND QUALIFICATION FOR ENTRANCE INTO THE PROFESSION.
Here is one of the greatest drawbacks to progress in education. The cry comes from all quarters, "give us more good teachers." A man prominent in the educational world said at the Southern Educational Conferen~e two weeks ago, "I would like to know a thousand more good teachers to recommend for places calling on me for teachers."
The greatest difficulty in introducing agriculture, manual training, nature study, domestic science, or anything new, is the lack of teachers trained for the work. We need to modern.ize, to vitalize our curricula by bringing them more in touch with real life, but without competent teachers we are blocked at every move forward. The teacher is absolutely the vital factor.
The mo.st important of all tasks now confronting the State of Georgia is the creation of conditions which will bring into the educational business as teachers and superintendents an abundance of strong, scholarly, forceful men and women in close touch with real life and capable of holding their own with leaders of other professions and captains of the industrial .world.
Present conditions are such that the teacher's calling is a mere stepping-stone to other professions. The prospective doctor, lawyer, politician, or matrimonial madam, can afford to teach for less than a professional educator can. Men enter law, medicine, business, for life. The average life of the teacher is four years. Here is what we must overcome to put the profession on its feet as' a profession.
'The solution must come from without and from within. , First, from without must come the finances. Georgia must

265

pay better salaries. "The business world has discovered that

there is economy iIi high wages, and that cheap wages mean cheap work and inefficiency.'" If we are serious about this educational business we must get good men. Merchants, manufacturers, bankers, common carriers,lawyers, doctors,

earn a competency, and large numbers of them draw rich

prizes; the great mass of teachers do not make a bare living

by their profession alone, and practically no prizes await the exceptional man. If there is a semblance of a prize, men of other professions, and eVen men of no professional standi_ng, hover about it like vultures trying to snatch it away from teachers.

Men who would sacrifice their last dollar to a learned

physician to save the lives of children, to a skilled lawyer to save them from disgrace, must learn that it is far more impor-

tant to train children to live so as to escape disgrace and dis-

ease. Some sacrifice, if necessary, should be made for the teacher.

We submit that the teacher is entitled to the following:

I. ComfOlitable living expenses.

.

2. Some reImbursement of his expenses in making the long, careful preparation before entering his life work.

3. At least a small sum to put by every year for the time when his services are no longer wanted.
Simple justice demands this much, and salaries should be

pitched accordingly. And we may well add that simple'justice

also demands that all college presidencies, superintendencies, and other positions of honor and leadership in education, should be filled from the ranks of the teaching profession.

A larger fund then must come from without. From the

inside must come. a demand for professional preparation; a

willingness to sacrifice much to become worthy of the profession; an elevation of the standards so as to shut out all the' .

weak and unworthy, the makeshifters and timeservers. If

there are many unfit in the work, they cheapen the whole pro-

fession. Our standards are too low, and inside the pro:fes-

siomil ranks must start the leaven of improvement. There

must be steady advance along the line of professional preparation, and this will stimulate to higher salaries. Teaching must be worth more.

Let the efficient teacher be assured of a life competency even

on the modest scale just given, and lack of numbers will not

266

be a hindrance as at present. Let there be the proper bounda-

ries made up of higher standards and professional certification,

and excessive numbers will be no problem.

Standards now set up in many States and countries are

about as follows:

I. Teachers in the primary schools should have scholarship

equivalent to that of a graduate of an accredited high school,

and should have professional preparation equivalent to that

of a graduate of a State normal school.

2. Teachers in high schools, principals and superintendents,

should have scholarship equivalent to that of a college grad-

uate, and should also have professional preparation equivalent

to that given by a college of education.

3. Teachers in other pOlsitions should have corresponding

scholarship and professional preparation always in advance of

the bare demands of the respective positions.

These are ideals we must work to gradually.

These standards point out another duty of the State, namely,

more adequate facilities for training teachers for "all grades of

positions.

. ir;

The normal school trains for the primary field. Georgia has

made a good start here, but normal school facilities andac-

commodations must be increased.

The State must look to the college for high sthool teachers,

principals and superintendents. A college education in the

State University is a necessity. Such a ~ollege in connection

with the State College of Agriculture and Franklin College

could train for special departments of the higher field.

The University Summer School in connection with this

college of education should be used to professionalize those

already at work and to keep all in to~ch with progress in their

fields; whether in the primary field or the higher field.

If the Stat~ will do her duty towards all these institutions,

soon she can demand of every teacher and supervisor a high

degree of professional preparation and scholarship.

There remains one other thing the teacher must do to help

this consummation devoutly to be wished. By way of em.-

phasis this is put as the seventh need.

VII. THE TE:ACHERS MUST ORGANIZE.
W~tliout organization we can not make headway with our profession, can n:ot make it professionally efficient, can not get

267
our just deserts. Other professions and trades have organized and rich are the results. There are more people following the calling of teacher than in any other calling except that of farmer. '\Thy should the farmer and the teacher see the limited callings absolutely dominating and eating the fat of the land? And the farmer is now getting- ahead of the teacher in organization. We must organize, for we are hanging separately. This educational association is the most effective agent for our Qrganization. We must enroll under its banner. attend its meetings, and hang together. This must become our education conference. Teachers must be patriotic and even make sacrifices for the good of the cause.
Suppose every teacher pledged attendance here at least once every three years. Our annual attendance would pass 2,000. Business men, c1uQ women, legislators, politicians, and all in;,. terested in educational business would come to confer with us. The teachers' profession would come to its own. When we asked for anything reasonable, we would be heard. We would then suppo,rt the necessary educational journal as an official organ, something vital now neglected. There is not professional spirit enough to prompt the support of such an organ. because forsooth such a journal is not developed to be helpful 'enough; and such a journal can not so develop because the profession will not support it. There we are.
Nevertheless, in spite of it all, we are moving forward. The outlook is hopeful. The people are awakening. Local taxation is spreading. Schools are consolidating. High schools will naturally grow out of these consolidations. The teachers must now realize more fully than ever before that something dep,ends upon them.
No more splendid army ever marched ,to victory than the mighty army of teachers of Georgia, once organized. Every soldier doing his duty will create a public sertiment for improved schools and better salaries such that "we, the people of Georgia," will take holeL of districts, of counties, of the State, of boards, and of Legislatures, and will sweep away the things that make for ignorance, idleness and inefficiency, will enthrone those that make for enlightenment, material progress, and righteousness.

268
RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY BUSINESS MEN'S
CONFERENCE, ATLANTA, GA., MAY 24, 1907.
, REPORT OF COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY MR. B. M. INMAN, CHAIRKAN.
Urging that more money be devoted for the purpose of education; that teachers be paid living expenses at least; advocating better local and State supervision of schools, and asking for State-aided secondary schools, th~ committee on resolutions submitted resolutions to the convention of prominent business men of Georgia assembled in Atlanta to discuss ways and means for the betterment of education in the State.
The resolutions are as follows: "Your committee on resolutions submits the following report and recommends its adoption as an expression of the sense of this conference: "Invited as business men and citizens of Georgia, by officials charged with the supervision and direction of the educational interests and institutions of the State, to consider the condition and needs of the same, we have given the subject earnest . consideration and submit the following observations: "Our fathers, in the first Constitution adopted by the people of Georgia, made it mandatory upon the Legislature to establish a public school system, and in one of their earliest legislative Acts declared that 'it should be among the first objects of those who wish well to the national prosperity to encourage and support the principles> of religion and morality, and early to place the youth under the forming hand of society, that by instruction they may be mOlded to the love of virtue and good order.' "The constitutional mandate of 1777 was repeated in the Constitution of 1877, and the declaration therein made that 'there shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of children.' "For one hundred and thirty years, therefore, Georgia has been committed to the great cause of educating its children at the expense of the State, and neither the consntutional law of the land nor the needs of society will be met until we have a thorough system of public schools, wherein all the children of the commonwealth, 'irrespective of condition of life or circumstances of fortune,' may be given opportunity for the de- ' velopment and training of their God-given faculties.

269

1LL1TE~ACY BEING REDUCED.

"Our efforts to create such a system have been intelligent

and earnest.

"Our State appropriations to its support and maintenance

have been measured only IW our financial abilities. As a result,

the percentage of illiteracy is being steadily reduced. Con-

sidered in the light of conditions, our record has been honor-

able, but truth and candor compel the admission that condi-

tions are far from satisfactory.

"One generation succeeds another and our duty is ever

present and ever pressing, and unless the duties of to-day are

discharged to-day, those of the morrow press upon us all the

heavier.

"A study of educational conditions in Georgia, from the

viewpoint of business men, has convinced us that our system

is as yet imperfect, our teaching force inadequate, and our

school funds distressingly insufficient.

"N0 venture can ever yield the largest results unless it be

well organiz~q and systematized, conducted by competent and fairly remun~rated officials and employees, and supplied with

sufficient working capital.

"The latest available school statistics show that out of a

school population in Georgia in 1905 of 720,000 the average

attendance on school was only 280,000, or 40 per cent. Of

these 720,000 children, about 600,000 lived in the rural dis-

tricts and in the small towns and villages, and were wholly

dependent on the State system. About 120,000 lived in coun-

ties, cities and towns with local systems, supported partly by

local taxation.

"In the rural districts, with an estimated school population

of 600,000, the average attendance for the yea.r was 2 I 7,000,

or only 36 per cent.

"In the local systems, the average attendanre for the year

was 52 per cent. of the school population.

"The pro rata of the State school fund available for the

. 600,000 children of the rural districts was $2-40 per capita, or

$3.77 per capita on the enrollment. The average length of

ferm 13 days.

.

"In the city and local system the funds available were $12.72

per capita on the enrollment, and the average school term 170

days.

270
LEss 'tHAN DAY LABORER.
"The average monthly salary paid the teachers in the State system was about $29, or less than the able-bodied day laborer now receives as wages. The average annual salary of the <.:ounty school commissioner was less than $540, or about half of what a skilled mechanic now earns. The total fund set apart by the State in 1905 for the education of nearly threequarters of a million of children was $1,735,000, or about $2.40 per child.
"It is not surprising that the United States censu~ enumeraators found in the State in 1900 over 480,000 persons over ten years of age unable to read or write, more than 100,000 of whom were whites.
"It seems to us wholly unnecessary to elaborate on the conditions shown to exist by these statistics.
"They clearly demonstrate to us the urgent needs of the system.
"I. Larger funds. This is the greatest need. These can only be obtained by taxation. The State has a constitutional tax limitation of five mills. With the rate nowiapproximately at this limit, we see no immediate prospects of sufficient funds from the State to considerably lengthen the school term, or reach a larger number of children than are now taught. Only as our taxable values gradually increase can we anticipate larger State appropriations, and in the meal'ltime thousands of children will have passed the school age.
"The increased funds are needed now and they must come from local taxation in counties, districts and the small towns. Under recent legislation this has been made easier, but experi. ence shows that it is difficult to secure a two-thirds vote for local taxation in communities where it is most needed.
"The public mind and conscience must be educated and aroused, until public sentiment, especially in the rural districts, is so strong that the necessary supplemental local tax is demanded. This can only be accomplished by continued agitation and pressing on the attention of our people the necessities of the situation.
"2. The securing of trained and efficient teachers and the payment to them, regularly, of living salaries at least.
"Society can never pay the debt it owes to the thousands of :self-sacrificing teachers in Georgia who are spending their best

271
years for the uplifting of humanity. Certainly they should not be forced to wait, as they now do, for postponed payments of the beggarly salaries promised.
"It need not be urged that better houses and facilities should be provided, that more thorough work may be done with at least comfortable surroundings.
AS TO SUPERVISION.
"3. Better local and State supervision. We believe a State board composed of the Governor, the Attorney-General and a State Superintendent of Education, with an addition of two or more professional educators, would prove superior to our present plan of constituting the State board.
"We would especially stress the importance of employing for their whole time and with adequate salaries county superintendents of education, who should be professional educators.
"Active, enthusiastic and efficient county school superintendents throughout the State would probably do more to arouse public sentiment in behalf of the great cause of education than all other influences combined.
"4. We believe our State system is incomplete in that the vital connection between our elementary schools and our higher institutions is lacking.
"We believe that we should have a system of State-aided secondary schools. High schools are included in all of our <City systems, and our urban school population is thus enabled, at public expense, to pass from the grammar schools, through the high schools, on to our agricultural, normal, technological and professional colleges, whereas our rural school population is forced to stop with the meager and unsatisfying instruction in the elementary branche~ of an English education only, or reach our State-aided higher institutions only through selfd.enying efforts of devoted parents.
"We are strongly of the conviction that the people should Temove the constitutional restriction now standing in the way of a complete and correlated system of public education, to the extent of at least allowing the State to establish or aid one secondary school in each county.
"5. We heartily commend the recent establishment of district agricultural high schools throughout the State, and, with proper direction and support, confidently believe they will prove inestimable blessings. Seventy-five per cent. of our pop-

272
ulation is engaged in or dependent on agriculture. Only about 28 per cent. of our acreage is actually under cultivation, and yet the value of our agricultural products in 1905 approximated $150,000,000, and the value of our agricultural investments total $30,000,000.
"Agriculture is no longer looked upon as a mere occupation; it is a science, and universally so recognized.
"Surely the State should make special efforts to encourage, . develop and build up such vast interests, in which three-fourths
of her manhood is engaged and to which all look for the sustenance of life.
"6. The average business man wants a paying venture, and we often hear the inquiry, does education pay?
"As business men, we believe that education and prosperity go hand in hand.
"We believe every dollar expended by the State in public education is wisely invested. We believe, with Horace Mann, that 'an ignorant people not only is, but must ~,-a poor people.'
"They must be destitute of sagacity and providence, and, of course, of competence and support.
"No richness of climate, no facilities for commerce, no ston~ of gold or of diamonds can confer even worldly prosperity upon an uneducated nation.
"Such a nation can not create wealth of itself, and whatever riches may be showered upon it will run to waste.
"Respectfully submitted. "C. M. CANDLER, "Chairman. "H. D. McDANIEL,
"T. G. LAWSON,
"W. S. WEST, "L. C. MANDEVILLE,
"J. N. HOLDER,
"H. A. MATHEWS, "Committee on Resolutions."

273
REPORT OF STATE SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT
WORK.
ATHENS} GA.} May 30, 1907.
Since May, 1906, I have given almost my entire time and effort to the advancement of the school improvement work through the State, and in spite of many discouragements I can not but feel hopeful at the outlook for our future success, as well as some little gratification over the small but satisfactory results thus far .obtained.
During the summer of 1906 the original bulletin of the School Improvement Club, published in 1904, setting forth plans and purposes, was revised and published in a condensed form, without illustrations. Following this a "Blank Report" form was published for the use of teachers and club officers. In January, 1907, "Agricultural Gardens for Our Public Schools" was issued. Five thousand copies were publishe~ and have been largely distributed through our State, and into some other States. After much delay, the leaflet on "Improvement of School Grounds" has just been published, and several thousand copies are now being distributed. The sending out of circular letters, postal cards, and literature, and answers to correspondents have constituted the home work.
Since October, 196, I have visited seventeen counties, and have addressed meetings in thirty-seven places.
Ninety-three local clubs have been reported as being actively at work. Judging from the correspondence received there must be many more, but no definite news has been received from them. Some few of these are clubs formed of school girls and boys. Most of these Junior Clubs have not furnished reports of their work.
The county commissioners of seventy-six counties have kindly furnished the names of ladies, three for each county, to act as county club officers, to organize their counties and school districts into county, district, and local clubs.
There is a most valuable fighting force in this long list of good people, but as no news of great victories have been received at headquarters, the supposition is that we are trying to move on to the ranks of the enemy by orderly but quiet tactics, surprising the stronghold of indifference to educational and civic rroe-ress in a way best calculated to win recruits to the ranks of our peaceful aggressors.
18 so

2i4
One local club officer in a small town writes me that at the first meeting of the club, "vVhen I proposed that we should buy a piano for the school, the most of them l::tughed-in fact, the whole town laughed-but, it's hard to believe, in less than two weeks we had one hundred and eighteen dollars in hand, and the balance promised. Of course this piano enterprise has 'enthused the whole town. and about one hundred and seventy-five dollars has been raised toward the improvement of the school building."
From another section a county president writes: "It was our hope to have a county organization, and our commissioner appointed ladies from each district, but we have found it impossible to get together. So I decided to work through the teachers, visiting all the co~nty schools I could reach. I have made it a rule to attend the teachers' institutes. 'vVe have a flourishing club at the county seat, and many improvements have been made during this past year; and the country schools are looking up, as the result of the enthusiasm of the teachers." (This thoroughgoing lady is the mother of four children and lives three miles from town.)
From a member of a Junior Club in South Georgia comes this request: "As I am ten, going on eleven, I don't know much about farming, but I want to try for the corn contest. Please send me all the papers you have about how you raise corn."
A young lady teacher went last fall to a new school. She found her work in a small but prosperous town on one of our main railroad lines. The school house was formerly a store house, and although some money had been spent on it and a second room added, the building was not suitable.
She proceeded to make friends-the first most necessary step-then she told them what she thought of a town which could support a bank, and yet would allow its children to be housed in such a ramshackle structure as the present school house.
She has never wearied of this topic, frequently spendin~ Saturdays driving into the adjacent country to meet patrons <md discuss with them the educational needs. The last report from this energetic person was to the effect that the town was about to issue bonds for the erection of a ten thousand dollar school house.
These are given as instances of the good work now being done over the State.

275
From many places letters are received from individuals who, failing to get a club started, are working along as well as they can toward arousing interest in starting libraries, planting trees and flowers, and in other ways helping on the good work.
We can not adequately measure the development of interest in such lines of endeavor by facts or figures, nor can we hope to tabulate to a certainty any given results.
Since the county school commissioners, in the resolutions adopted at the Milledgeville Conference, have endorsed the campaign for organization of School Improvement Clubs, it is hoped that this movement may be advanced systematically, and that the near future will bring general and widespread interest in the improved condition of our common schools.
All over this good State are the very best and finest of people, needing only the sympathetic touch to awaken them to the full measure of their responsibilities as citizens and parents. For this "open sesame" we need the cooperation of every unselfish man and woman in our State who, being blessed in their lives and fortunes, are sufficiently broadminded and happy hearted, to wish to extend similar blessings to their fellow~men and to the children of our commonwealth.
I wish to express here my most grateful thanks to all those good and unselfish people who have aided, and are still encouraging, this especi'al line of public interest. Without their beautiful cOJperation, this report could not have had the honor of becoming a record.
MRS. WALTER B. HILL.
EDUCATIONAL WORK OF THE GEORGIA FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS.
BY MRS. J. K. OTTLEY.
The Georgia Federation of Women's Clubs have continued their varied lines of educational work during the year.
Their most considerable undertaking is the maintenance and direction of the model rural schools, located respectively at Danielsville. Madison county; Watters District, Floyd county; Cass Station, Bartow county.
These schools belong to the regular county system, but have in addition a teacher of industrial arts and domestic science. This teacher is chosen by the Educational Committee of the

276

Federation and the work is supervised by this committee. The funds for this work are furnished one-half by the federation

and its friends and one-half by the local committee. The

school at \Vatters District has a dormitory of eight rooms, in

which about thirty children remotely situated, are cared for.

Many of these bring their own food.

The schools have all shops, kitchens and gardens and the

academic work is correlated about the work of these depart-

ments as far as possible.

The Federation has on hand nearly $600 and a plot of land towards the beginning of a similar school at Tallulah Falls.

During the year the clubs have given considerable sums for

Mr. Ritchie's school at Rabun Gap and the Daughters of the

Confederacy have nearly the entire fund of $3,000 for the

erection of a dormitory for girls at this place. They are also

furnishing halls and parlors of the Winnie Davis Dormitory

/

at Athens and have placed there handsome stone steps.

The library work of the Federation has been very great.

About 2,000 new books have been added during the year to

those going into the rural districts, either as traveling or gift

libraries. Cartersville and Tifton have added a great number

of books to their town libraries, which are the work of their

individual clubs.

RESOLUTIONS OF NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AS-
SOCIATION, 1905.
The National Educational Association notes with approval that the qualifications demanded of teachers in the public schools, and especially in city public schools, are increasing annually, and particularly that in many localities special preparation is demanded of teachers. The idea that anyone with a fair education can teach school is gradually giving way to the correct notion that teachers must make spe<;ial preparation for the vocation of teaching. The higher standard demanded of teachers must lead logically to higher salaries for teachers and constant efforts should be made by all persons interested in education to secure for teachers adequate compensation for their work.
The rapid establishment of township or rural high schools is one of the most gratifying evidences of the progress of education. Vve believe that this movement should be encour-

277

aged until the children of rural communities enjoy the benefits

of public education to an extent approaching as nearly as prac-

ticable the education furnished urban communities.

The Association heartily approves the efforts now being

made to determine the proper place of industrial education in

the public schools. We believe that the time is rapidly ap-

proaching when industrial education should be introduced into

all schools and should be made to harmonize with the occu-

pations of the community. These courses, when introduced,

should include instruction in agricultural as well as manual

training, etc. Wherever the conditions justify their estab-
of lishment, schools that show the application of the branches

.knowledge to practical life should be established.

It is the duty of the State to provide for the education of

every child within its borders and to see that all children ob-

/

tain the rudiments of an education. The constitutional pro-

vision that all persons must contribute to the support of the

public schools logically carries with it the implied provision

that no persons should b~ pennitted to defeat the purposes of

the public school law by forcing their children at an early age

to become bread winners.

The Association regrets the revival in some quarters of the

idea that the common school is a place for teaching nothing

but reading, spelling, writing and ciphering; and takes this oc-

casion to declare that the ultimate object of popular education

is to teach the children how to live righteously, healthily and

happily, and that to accomplish this object it is essential that

every school inculcate the love of truth, justice, purity and

beauty through the study of biography, history, ethics, natural

history, music, drawing and manual arts.

The National Educational Association wishes to record its

approval of the increasing appreciation among educators of the

fact that the building of character is the real aim of the schools

an:! the ultimate reason for the expenditure of millions for their

maintenance. There is in the minds of the children and youth

of to-day a tendency toward a disregard for constituted au-

thority; a lack of respect for age and superior wisdom; a

weak appreciation of the demands of duty; a disposition tofol-

.low pleasure and interest rather than obligation and order.

This condition demands the earnest thought and action of

our leaders of opinion, and places important obligations upon

school authorities.

The National Educational AssJCiation wishes to congratu-

278
late the secondary schools of the country that are making the effort to remove the taint of professionalism that has crept into student sports. This taint can be removed only by lead': ing students, alumni and school faculties, to recognize that inter-school games should be played for sportsmanship and not merely for victory.
The National Educational Association observes with great satisfaction the tendency of cities and towns to replace large school committees or boards, which have exercised through sub-committees, executive functions, by small boards which determine general policies, but entrust all executive functions to salaried experts.
Local taxation, supplemented by State taxation, presents the best means for the support of the public schools, and for securing that deep interest in them which is necessary to their greatest efficiency. State aid should be granted only as supplementary to local taxation. and not as a substitute for it.
Vie can not too often repeat that close, intelligent, judicious supervision is necessary for all grades of schools.
A frpf' of>mnrr;Jry ran nn1: long- continue without the assistance of a system of State-supported schools administered by agents chosen by the people and responsible to the people for its ideals, its conduct, and its results.
RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION, DECEMBER, 1906, AT MONTGOMERY, ALA.
The Southern Educational Association, assembled in its seventeenth annual session, reiterates its faith in the power of the school as an essential agency in the material, civil and moral development of the whole people; it emphasizes the necessity of effective organization, liberal public support and economical administration, in order that all the youth of our land shall enjoy the largest possible measure of educational opportunity, and to this end publishes the following:
DECLARATION OF PURPOSES.
I. We recognize the integrity of method and unity of purpose in all educational departments from the kindergarten through the university; we commend the establishment of kindergartens in cities, villages and rural communities, and approve the effort to incorporate this department as an or-

279
ganic part of the public school system; we emphasize the need of public high schools for rural as well as urban communities, and urge the encouragement of secondary education by substantial legislative support, and the recognition of the public high school as a department of State education, co-ordinate with the elementary school and the college; we urge that the several departments of our educational system, in city, county, and State, shall be so adjusted, by concentration and correlation, as to prevent unnecessary waste by diffusion of means or dissipation of energy, or by duplication of courses of study and material equipment.
2. vVe reaffirm our belief in the principle of local taxation for schools as just and equitable, and urge that the proportion of school funds thus derived shall be largely increased in every Southern State, thus developing a higher degree of community interest and responsibility and a larger measure of efficiency in the schools of the people.
3. \Ve emphatically declare our adherence to the principle of local control in education, and our opposition to the assumption of authority over, or interference in, the educational affairs of our cities and States by the federal government.
4. Believing that the duty of the State to establish and main. tain schools for all its educable youth implies the co-ordinate
right to render its provisions effective, we endorse such legislation in the several States as shall effectively restrict child labor, and ~ecure the compulsory attendance at school of all educable youth under fourteen years of age.
5. vVe hail with pleasure the tendency towards greater economy and efficiency in school administration by the consolidation of schools, both rural and urban, the demand for better teachers, better salaries, longer terms, better school buildings and equipment, and more efficient supervision.
6. vVhile we endorse all agencies employed in the special preparation of teachers, and in the improvement of teachers already in the service, we urge insistence upon a grade of scholarship which shall at least be equivalent to that required for the completion of a good high school course, as a prerequisite to entrance upon a course of professional training.
7. We urge the importance of the study of agriculture, domestic science and the manual arts, in both elementary and secondary schools, and endorse the idea that the school shall fit the child to become an economic as well as a political and moral factor in the civilization into which he is born.

280

8. While we endorse physical culture and athletics in all

schools, we deplore the tendency in some high schools and

colleges to lower the ideals of our educational institutions by

the questionable practices and intemperate enthusiasms of

strenuous athletics, and urge the importance of preserving in

all things educational a due sense of proportion and a sane re-

gard for the true ideals of academic and university life.

9. Believing the library to be an important and an essential

factor in the development of a people, we endorse the move-

ment to secure libraries for all schools, rural and urban, and

urge the necessity in the several States of such legislation as

shall promote this end.

10. In order that the several educational organizations of

the Southern States may be more effective, we cordially invite

all such organizations to meet with the Southern Educational

Association in its annual meetings, in order that the strength

of each may be supplemented by the strength of all.

By the committee.

-

J. H. PHILLIPS, Chairman;
PRES. J- L. JARMAN, Virginia,

PROF. H. E. BIERLY, Tennessee,

Pus. G. R. GLENN, Georgia,

PRES. E. B. CRAIGHEAD, Louisiana,
SUPT. J-J. DOYNE, Arkansas.

MISS CELESTIA S. PARRISH, Georgia.

ANDREW CARNEGIE FREE TRAVELING SCHOOL LIBRARIES.
These libraries are under the charge of the Seaboard Air Line Free Traveling Library System, and under the superintendence of Mrs. Eugenia B. Heard, Middleton, Ga. Any school on the Seaboard Air Line Railroad may secure a library under the following conditions:
RULES.
1. The books of this traveling library will be loaned without charge to all those who use books carefully.
2. One volume may be drawn by each reader and kept two weeks, except those marked seven-day books.
3. The local librarian must collect from the borrower the price of any book which is destroyed or lost, and must 001-

281
1ect suitable fines for undue damage. The retail price of each book is-given in the catalogue attached to this library.
4. After three months this library must be returned to Mid-<:l1eton, Ga.; and as the local librarians are responsible for these books, they may absolutely refuse to loan them to persons who do not handle them with proper care.

REPORT OF \i\TORK OF ANDREW CARNEGIE FREE TRAVELINGLIBRARIES FOR THE YEAR I905.

Number of schools added to list. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Number of books in circulation

5,468

Total number of schools visited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Number of towns and rural communities having An-

drew Carnegie community libraries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Magazines (mostly St. Nicholas) distributed through the

School Traveling Libraries

803

Total number of magazines and periodicals sent out. 4,I74

The library system was established in November, I 898.

Since then 800 schools have made some permanent improve-

ment upon their schoolhouses or grounds.

Four hundred have established permanent libraries.

Forty-six rural communities, helped by these li~raries, have

established village improvement societies.

.

I 906 .
Since January, I906, I7 school gardens have been added. Over 200 packets of seed and a number of plants have been sent out.
MEDAL CONTEST.

The Georgia division U. D. C., with the desire of stimulatjng among the young people of the State an interest in the study of history, especially the history of the war between the States, again offers a gold medal to the student writing the best essay on the subject assigned.
Teachers of the State are earnestlv requested to encourage and urge their pupils to enter the contest.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.
I. Subject, The Confederate Navy in the \Var Between the States.

282

2. The contest is open to all white children of Georgia un-

der the age of eighteen.

3. The length of essay to be 1,000 to 1,500 words. The

paper to be typewritten, if possible, though that is not essen-

tial.

4. Essays may be prepared at home with full use of all ref-

erences.

5. Manuscript to be graded upon subject-matter, and style.

6. The medal will be awarded at closing exercises of school

at or near which it is won. It will be presented by the presi-

dent of the local chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy.

7. Each member of Medal Committee shall have direct su-

pervision of the work in designated counties, and together with

two assistants whom she may appoint, shall select from essays

sent to her from those counties the best two for the final con-

sideration of the entire committee.

A local committee shall be appointed in each county for the

purpose of judging the essays, and selecting the one to repre-

sent that county before the State committee.



The principal of each contesting school in county shall send

to this local committee the best essay from his school, sending

at the same time information as to total number of contestants.

This information shall in turn be sent by local committee to

member of State committee having charge of work in that

county.

8. Essays are to be sent in to local committees on or before

March 1St.

9. Best essay from each county to be sent to members of

State committee on or before March 22d.

10. Designate essays sent by number of school, sending at

same time in sealed envelope the name and number of school

and name of writer.

The essay should be signed with a fictitious rather than the

real name of writer.

MRS. A. W. VAN HOOSE, Chairman, Gainesville, Ga.

MRS. L. G. YOUNG, Savannah, Ga.

MRS. L. K. ROGERS, Barnesville, Ga.

MRS. THOMAS P. BRANCH, Augusta, Ga.

MRS. Z. W. OGLESBY, Quitman, Ga.
MRS. J. W. NEWMAN, Sandersville, Ga.

Reference books recommended by the U. D. C. :

Semmes-Cruise of the Alabama and the Sumter.

Semmes-My Adventures Afloat.

283
Soley-The Blockade and the Cruisers. Ammen-The Atlantic Coast. Mahan-The Gulf and the Inland Waters. Kel1-Cruise, and Combats of the Alabama. Browne-Duel between the Alabama and the Kearsarge.
(Battles and Leaders of the \Var.) Sinclair-New Years on the Alabama. Field-History of the United States. Scharf-Ristory of the Confederate States Navy.

REPORT OF WORK IN THE MEDAL CONTEST OF THE GEORGIA DIVISION DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY.

No department of their work' is dearer to the Georgia Di-

vision of the Daughters of the Confederacy than that pertain-

ing to educational matters. Especially do they, women of the

South, feel the sacredness of the obligation resting on them,

as the natural guardians of the South's children, to teach to

Southern youth Southern history in its verity. Thus and thus

only may the beautiful traditions of the grand old South re-

main always new, the luster of her history be kept untarnished

by error, and the fame of her heroes grow greater with the

passing years.

For three successive years the division has offered a hand-

some gold medal to the boy or girl of the State, under eighteen

years of age, preparing the best essay upon some assigned

subject connected with Confederate history. This year, we,

the committee having charge of the contest, feel that much

valuable work has been done. Our plan of canvassing has

reached every county in the State, and many of the counties

have responded with essays upon the assigned subject: "The

Confederate Navy in the \Var Between the States."

The two counties reporting the largest number of essays

are: Fulton, 30; \Vare, 20.

A number of counties proved their interest in the work by

offering local prizes, as fol1O\vs:

Burke county-Mrs. E. C. Blount, best essay from

B'urke

$ 5 00

Carrol1 county-Annie \Vheeler Chapter U. D. C., best

essay from Carrol1

5 00

281,

Cobb county- - - - -

, best essay from

Cobb

0.0 0

0

0

Decatur county-J. So Bradwell, Co S. C., best essay

from Decatur ..... 0

0

0

0

0

0

5 00

Fulton county-Atlanta Chapter U. D. C., best essay

from Fulton

0

0

0



Grady county-County Board of Education, best essay

5 00

from Grady o. 0

0

0

0

0



".







Gwinnett county-Norcross Chapter U. D. C. and Law-
renceville Chapter U. D. c., best essay from

5 00

Gwinnett

0



0

0

































5 00

Bill Arp Chapter U. D. C., best essay from Bu-

ford public schools 0"

0

0

0

5 00

Habersham county-C. W. Grant, C. S. C., to Haber-

sham winners of State medal . 0

0

0

32 50

Hall county-To H. Robertson, C. S. C., best essay

from Hall

0 0

Floyd county-Mrs. J. A. Rounsaville, to Floyd win-

5 00

ner of State medal . 0

0

















5 00

Jefferson county-Mrs. J. C. Little, best essay from

Jefferson

0

0





0



















0

5 00

Jenkins county---.jWo Vo Lanier, C. S. C., best essay

from Jenkins . Johnson County- - -

o' . 0

'0'

5 00

, best essay from

Johnson

0',

0 , '..

5 00

McDuffie county- - -

, best essay from

McDuffie

gold medal. 0



Madison county- - -

, best essay from

Madison

0

0



Muscogee county-Lizzie Rutherford Chapter Uo D.

Co, best essay from Muscogee

0

0

0"

5 00

Oconee county-J as. M. Mayne, Co S. C., best essay

from Oconee ... 0

0

0

0













5 00

Pike county-Barnesville Chapter U. D. C., best essay

from Pike

0













5 00

Richmond county-\V. M. Roland, best essay from

Richmond

0

0

0

5 00

Thomas county-John G. Gordon Chapter Uo- D. C.,

best essay from Thomas .... 5 0



0

0

0









00

Thomasville city board of education, best essay

from city free schools

0



0

0

0





7 00

Seconel be:t essay from city fre'C schools - . . . . . .. 3 00

285

Ware county-Prof. E. A. Pound, best essay from

Waycross high school

.

Mrs. Z. W. Oglesby, of Brooks county, a member of the

Medal Committee, offered for the best essay from the counties

under her supervision $5.00.

The State medal for best essay upon the given subject has

been awarded to Miss Emma Gardner, of Marietta public

school, Marietta, Ga.

We have found ourselves greatly handicapped in our work

by a dearth of school libraries and reference books. From

every quarter of the State letters have come to us saying in

substance : "We wish to enter the contest, but are not within

reach of such reference books as we need. When and how

can we get them?"

We have noted with pleasure in a late educational report

of the State, the suggestions of the Library Committee in ref-

erence to the establishment and maintenance of school libra-

ries. We earnestly hope that their plan or some other equally

as good, may soon be put into operation, and our schools in

both town and country be liberally supplied with valuable books,.

among which shall be a full quota of such as give to our chil-

dren the unbiased story of Southern life, Southern principles;

and Southern achievements.

Respectfully submitted.

MRS. A. W. VANHOOSE,

Chairman.

Gainesville, Ga.

PROGRESS OF SCHOOL WORK IN FIVE SOUTHERN STATES.
NASHVILLE, TENN., May 4, 1907.
Han. W. B. Merritt, Atlanta, Georgia.
DEAR SIR: I am enclosing you a copy of the county board' bill passed by the recent Legislature. This measure is possibly the most far-reaching in its result of any legislative enactment. It practically revolutionizes the method of school organization in Tennessee, giving us uniform county system instead of the civil district which has heretofore been the unit of school organization.
In addition to the above measures the Legislature was lib--

280
eral in its appropriations. It gave $250,000 to the Peabody . College for Teachers; $100,000 to the University of Tennes-
see; $40,000 for the establishment of an Agricultural Experiment Station; $10,000 for the establishment of a Reform School for Juvenile Criminals, and passed a bill known as the Chestnut Bill, which carries with it an annual appropriation of fifty cents per capita to every child in the State of school age, with an additional $50,000 to be disbursed among the poorer counties of the State in proportion to the scholastic population and in an inverse ratio to their taxable property.
In addition to these measures carrying with them appropriations, there were compulsory education laws passed applicable to four or five counties in the State. This, I believe, is all the legislation of general interest to the public.
Wishing you success in your work, I remain, Very truly, R. L. JONES) State Superintendent.
RICHMOND) VA.) May I I, 1907.
Supt. W. B. Merritt) Atlanta) Ga.
DEAR SIR: Your letter of May Ist has been received. The most important school legislation enacted in Virginia at the last session of the Legislature, 1906, was:
1. An Act appropriating from the State treasury an additional $200)000 a year for the pay of teachers in the primary and grammar grades, making now $400,000 a year so contributed as a special addition to the regular State taxes for schools.
2. A High School Act appropriating $50,000 annually to supplerrent local funds for the establishment of high schools that maintain a standard fixed by the State Board of Education.
3. The Williams Building Act, which enables the school trustees to borrow from the Literary Fund money with which to erect schoolhouses according to plans and specifications to be approved by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. This money is loaned at 4 per cent., and is to be repaid in ten annual installments.
The appropriation of the additional $200,000 a year by the Legislature was devoted entirely to the pay of teachers in the primary and grammar grades. This added bounty on the part of the State has been supplemented by higher local taxes in

287

very many of the divisions. The average salary in Virginia

in 1906-1907 will show a material increase over the record for

the previous year.

Probably the most important school law passed by the Gen-

eral Assembly was the High School Act. The $50,000 per

year given the State Board to supplement local funds for the

establishment and maintenance of high schools, taken in con-

junction with the Williams Building Act, shows the following

results in one hundred and ten of the one hundred and eighteen

divisions of the ::5tate:



-Buildings whose erection or improvement were induced by

the High School Act. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52

Cost of same

$188,482 40

Houses erected or improved in part by loans from the Lit-

'erary Fund

58

Cost of same

$137,027 72

Houses erected or improved by other loans or bond issues. 26

Amount of said other loans or bond }ssues. $196,330 00

The High School Fund for this year has been distributed among one hundred and sixty-eight schools in amounts ranging ftom $200 to $400 each. It is safe to say that the counties and cities have contributed not less than $200,000 addi'. tional for the pay of high school teachers. Many of 'the old and established high schools have not asked for State aid.
Viewing the situation in a broader way, returns from the said one hundred and ten divisions show:

Number of new schoolhouses completed between Febmary

I, 1906, and February I, 1907

236

Total cost of same

$402,898 60

Number of houses enlarged and improved during same

interval

70

Total cost of same

$ 93,568 42

Number of new schoolhouses now building. . .. . . . . . . . .. 55

Total cost of same

$263,995 00

I am of opinion that the new buildings and substantial improvements completed during the year ending February I,
197, aggregate in value $55,000. and the new buildings now in course of erection will cost $275,000, or possibly $30,000.
We have between 25 and 30 transportation wagons on trial

288

in various parts of the State, and a fair test of the use of these

wagons has aroused a sentiment overwhelniingly in favor of

continuing and steadily pushing the idea of transporting chil-

dren as well as that of the consolidation of schools. Many

consolidations have been effected, however, without the trans-

portation of children.

A great deal of very valuable work is being done through

the agencies of the State Teachers' Association and the Co-

operativf.: Education Association of Virginia. The former or-

ganizes the teachers for more effective work, and the latte.-

organizes the citizlI1s at large, fostering ,school improvement

leagues, etc.

.

The school revenue in Virginia for the year 195-196 was

as follows:

State taxes

$ 892,34 54-

Cash appropriations by the General Assembly. . 202,000 00

On investments of the Literary Fund (inter-

est)

58,986 04-

Local funds

1,430,997 00

Total

.

$2,5 84,287 58

Appropriations to institutions of higher learn-

ing

..

$ 461,750 00

Total

.

$3,046,037 58:

The revenue for the current session will be approximately

as follows:

State taxes

$ 942,110 76

Cash appropriations by the General Assembly. . 403,300 00

On investments of the Literary Fund (inter-

est)

.

~ . . . . . . . . . 58,986 04

Local funds

1,650,000 00

Total

$3,54,396 80

Appropriations to institutions of higher learn-

ing . . . . . . . . . . . ..

437,25 00

Total

$3,491,646 80

I hope some of these figures will prove of service to you.

I beg to thank you for the opportunity of presenting them in

your annual report.

Yours very truly,

J. D. EGGLESTON) JR.)

State Superintendent Public Instruction.

289
MONTGOMERY) ALA.) May 8, 1907.
Han. W. B. Merritt) State School Commissioner) Atlanta) Ga.
DEAR SIR: Your letter of recent date has been received and I take pleasure in complying with your request.
While during the past eight years Alabama has made splendid progress educationally, still there are many things that we are striving to attain. The two things that we need most at this time are local taxation by districts for school purposes and more efficient county supervision. Vlfe hope that at the adjourned session of the legislature next July, there will be a bill passed submitting an amendment to the Constitution to the qualified electors of the State providing for local taxation by districts for school purposes. A bill providing for more efficient county supervision has already been prepared and is now on the calendars of both the House and Senate, with a favorable report. At the present time it seems that this bill will be enacted into law.
The Constitution of Alabama at the present time allows the levying for all purposes, including schools, of 65 cents on each one hundred dollars worth of taxable property and 30 cents of this 65 cents is applied to the support and maintenance of the public schools of the State. Each county in the State is allowed to levy and collect a special one mill tax in addition to the above and forty of the sixty-seven counties have taken advantage of this provision. In addition to the above the recent Legislature made an additional appropriation of $300,000 to the public schools of the State for next year and for each year thereafter an additional appropriation of $35,000. A bill was also passed appropriating $1,000 to each county of the State for the repairing and erecting of rural school houses, making an annual appropriation of $67,000 for this purpose.
Other additional appropriations were made by the recent Legislature as follows:
Unz~versity of Alabal1na,.-$25,o00 per annum for maintenance, $100,000 a year for four years, for building, etc.
Alabama Polytechnic Institute.-$56,000 a year for four years for buildings, etc. To take the place of the one-third portion of the tag tax, appropriations were made as follows: $32,000 for 1906-7, $36,000 for 197-8, $38,000 for 1908-9, $40,000 for 1910-11, and $40,000 for each year thereafter.
Alabama Industrial School for White Girls.-$36,000 a
=7"_ 19 sc

2l:JO

year for maintenance, ($II,OOO increase); $50,000 a year for

four years for buildings, etcr Deaf and Blind Institution.-$so,ooo for buildings, etc.

Mediwl College at Mobile.-$4S,000 for buildings. etc.;

$5,000 for maintenance.

White Normal Schools.-$IS,ooo appropriation for main-

tenance to each school, being a $5,000 raise. An additional

normal school was established at Daphne, Ala., with an an-

nual appropriation of $2,50.

Nine Agricultural Schools.-$4,SOO per annum for main-

tenance, being an increase of $2,000; $6,000 appropriated for

the rebuilding of the Eighth District Agricultural School at

Athens, Ala.; $10,000 appropriated :for the rebuilding of the

Fifth District Agricultural School at Wetumpka, Ala.

A bill which makes it possible L~ establish in every county

secondary schools has passed the House and is now on the

Senate Calendar with a favorable report; and a bill providing

for compulsory education has passed the Senate and is on

the House r~alendar with a favorable report. I think both of

these bills will become laws.

Yours very truly,

HARRY C. GUNNELS,

Superintendent of Education.

RALEIGH, N. C., May 3, 1907.
Han. W. B. Merritt, Atlanta, Ga.
My DEAR MR. MERRITT : Your letter has just been rectived, and I leave today to fill some appointments in a distant part of the State, so that I shall have to give you a hasty answer.
We are still building and improving school houses and voting local taxes for better schools in North Carolina. During the past year we have built 433 new houses; during the past two years, 822. We now have 450 special tax districts, 367 of these are rural districts or incorporated towns of not more than five or six hundred people; 100 of them voted during the past twelve months. The amount raised by local taxation for the public schools has been increased 33 per cent. during the past year--92 per cent. in rural districts; 26 per cent. in city districts. Our locin fund for building and improving public school houses is increasing every year in size and usefulness. The fund now amounts to $317,II3.93. This fund, as you know, is lent on ten years' time at 4 per

291
cent. interest, for building and improving public school houses, not more than one-half of the costof buildings or improvements being lent, however, to any district. Our rural libraries are growing in numbers and in popularity. We now have 1,632 rural libraries, containing 147,208 volumes, valued at $53,383.85, accessible to 144,986 children. Two hundred and seventy-six of these libraries have been established during the past year.
Through school bulletins for the direction of teachers, pamphlets containing courses of study and outlines of work, better registers and record books, and County Teachers' Associations, we are rapidly improving the gradation and classification of the work in the rural schools.
The General Assembly of 1907 passed a public high school act, appropriating $50,000 to aid in the establishment of from one to four public schools in each county of the State, not less than two hundred and fifty nor more than five hundred dollars being available from this appropriation to each school; an equal amount is required to be raised by the county and the school district for high school instruction. There is already great demand for these schools, and much generous rivalry in many counties to secure them.
The apporpriations for educational purposes were largely increased by the General Assembly of 1907. The annual appropriation for the University was increased $25,000. The annual appropriation for the State Normal and Industrial College was also increased $25,000, making the annual approp.riations for each of these institutions $7,000. The annual appropriation for the Agricultural and Mechanical College was also increased. The appropriations for buildings and improvements at all the State institutions were generous. The annual appropriation for the three State Colored Normal Schools was increased $IO,OOO. A special appropriation of $15,000, with an annual appro'priation of $5,000 for maintenance, was made for the establishment of a training school for teachers in Eastern North Carolina, upon condition that the community in which it was established should donate a site and contribute not less than $25,000 for buildings. The total increase in the annual appropriations for the support and maintenance of the higher educational institutions is $136,7::;0. "The total increase in the appropriations for building and im:
provement at these institutions is $36,550. The General Assembly of 1907 also passed a mild compul-

292

sory attendance law, allowing any township or district, by

a majority vote of the' qualified voters in an election ordered

at the discretion of the county board of education, to adopt

compulsory attendance, requiring all children between the ages

of eight and fourteen years to attend school not less than

sixteen weeks in each school year, subjecting parents to rea-

sonable penalties for failing to obey the law, and subjecting

,employers to reasonable penalties for employing children be-

tween those ages during school hours.

Provision was made, by an amendment to the school law,

for the issuance of State teachers' certificates, good in any

county in the State for five years, upon examinations con-

ducted by a board of examiners, and for the issuance of high

school teachers' certificates, no teacher being allowed to teach

in a public high school without a high school teachers' cer-

tificate. A minimum monthly salary was fixed for teachers

holding five-year certificates and high school certificates.

An educational campaign has been waged continuously

during the year, under the direction of the Educational Cam-

paign Committee, through the use of funds placed at their dis-

posal by the Southern Education Board. A seed-sowing cam-

paign will be vigorously waged in all sections of the State this

summer, this being an off year politically.

Congratulating you upon the commendable educational

progress in Georgia, wishing you a continuation of the same,

and assuring you of my warm interest and sympathy in every

movement for the advancement of education in our Sunny

South, I am,

Very truly yours,
J. Y. JOYNER,

Superintendent Public Instruction.

PROGRESS IN SOUTH CAROLINA SCHOOLS.
We now have about five hundred local tax districts, seventyfive of which were added during the past year. These new levies increased the totals by $33,000. Nearly $300,000 are now raised annually by local taxation. The number of rural school libraries now approximates 1,000 and more than 200 of these have been enlarged. This represents $40,000 expenditure. It means 100,000 well selected books for thou'Sands of boys and girls whose opportunities for reading and self-improvement were exceedingly limited. Last year we built 200 new school houses, many of which were very valu-

293
abl~. The average salary of teachers increased more than -$12 per year and the total expenditures increased $100,000. 'fhey now approximate a million and a half dollars for public -school purposes. It is worthy of special note that our average attendance increased 18,427, while the enrollment increased only 15,412. Most of our funds are apportioned on enrollment, so it indicates real progress when the average attendance increases faster than the enrollment. Our colleges -continue to prosper. The Legislative appropriations for this year exceed those of other years by several thousand dollars. These appropriations provide, among other things, for a $45,000 practice school at Winthrop .Normal and Industrial Col1ege, and for forty-one scholarships in the textile department of Clemson Agricultural and Mechanical College. Both of these Acts are efforts to better conditions for the future. The practice school will help hundreds of our future teachers, and the textile scholarships will put more brains, science and diversification into our great manufacturing industry. The annual State appropriations to higher education now exceed $300,000, while the private and denomi,national colleges are constantly increasing their endowments and facilities. Our Legislature enacted a high school law, which was approved February 19th. This Act carries an annual appropriation of $50,000 of State aid, and we are hopeful of great things in this line. Already I have correspondence from more than one hundred places which are interested in having such schools in their midst.
Very truly yours, O. B. MARTIN,
State School Superintendent.
THE GLYNN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, SAINT SIMON'S ISLAND.-
Burbanks, the great plant wizard of .California, correctly says, "That plants and animals are the product of heredity, man of environment." This fact should necessarily be true, since man differs from both plants and animals in that he possesses a soul, something that he does not inherit, but rather a gift from heaven. This soul, the maker and ruler of man, is good or bad, according as to whether the forces from without have acted upon it either favorably or unfavorably.

~94
Many boys at the age of fifteen are resisting the better influence of home ~nd the wish of parents, and are fast contracting the pernicious habit of idleness, thereby developing habits that if they do not lead to the criminal side of life, will at least make a vagabond-a non-producer, a leech upon society.
The world is fast coming to the realization that it is cheaper to save a boy than to stand idly by and permit him to be lost. That at least as much interest sbould be shown to the one who is without the fold, whose surroundings are fast pulling him downward, as the ninety and nine who are safe.
Again, many boys reach the age of fifteen without having had the opportunity for an education, and when he begins to realize the need of one he finds the school so organized as not to meet his case, and thus he passes through life in ignorance and a useless member of society. That institution that will give to such a boyan opportunity for an education and thereby make of him a useful member of society, is indeed a benefactor to mankind.- That community which invests in the making of good and useful men out of boys whose lives otherwise would be failures, will secure as a reward not ten, but a thousand fold.
Those who are placed in charge of public education are fast realizing the necessity for the establishment of schools to educate and train boys who otherwise would fail to receive that training essential to prepare them for life.
The board of education of Glynn county has accepted the generous gift of Mrs. Anna D. Dodge of three hundred acres of land on St. Simon's Island, and will equip it with all necessary appliances to make of it a good school, a school in which a boy can do in one year what ordinarily can not be accomplished in two in the regularly organized schools.
LOCATION.
The location of the proposed industrial school is an ideal one, situated on the northern part of St. Simon's Island, and in proximity to no fresh water, insuring a healthy location, surrounded on the land side by a heavy forest and open on the east to receive without obstruction the ocean breezes, insuring a delightful climate in winter and pleasant cool summers. Perhaps no other site in Georgia could be found combining healthfulness of location, beauty of site, fertility of soil, and agreeableness of climate as does the place selected for the Glynn Industrial School.

295
OBJECT.
The object of this school was most aptly stated in the report of the Special Committee intrusted with the duty of investigating as to the advisability of establishing this school, when they said it would be a "boy-saving alnd matf~-making staition."
The intention is to educate and train boys in soul, mind and body. Our aim is to send boys from this school with strong moral character, with minds trained for the practical duties of life, and with healthy, strong bodies.
The establishment of this school is an admission that the present system of public schools is defective, in that it does not supply that knowledge which the boy obtained at home before the establishment of the factory system. An elementary knowledge of the world's industries which has been learned from actual experience and observation, seems to be essential to the complete education of a boy.
The intention is to make this school a "little world" in itself, thereby bringing the boy in contact, through experience and direct observation, with these simple industries and thus correlating them with the ordinary lessons of school, so that the boy will not be educated from the industrial side of life, but rather made a part of it.
QUALIFICATION FOR ADMISSION.
I. No applicant will be admitted under fifteen years old. 2. Applicant to be admitted must be healthy and affected with no constitutional disease. 3. As to scholastic attainments, there will be no examination whatever. It does not matter whether the boy has ever been to school or not. The only question is, does he want an education and is he willing to make sacrifices to obtain it?
COST.
The entire cost of tuition, board, washing and books is fifty dollars a year, payable semi-annually in advance. Yet, if any boy has not fifty dollars, or only a: part of it, this need not deter him from applying. For if he is otherwise qualified and really wishes an education, means will be provided for the first payment, and then by doing extra work on the farm or in the shop, he can provide for all future payments of this amount. In other words, no boy need feel unable to obtain

296

a good education which will prepare him for life's duties, for this schQol is specially organized for the purpose of providing a way by which a boy can earn enough to pay for his own education.
The primary object is to give boys a good education, and that the expenses of board, books, washing and tuition be made a minimum, thereby giving every boyan opportunity for an education, each boy will be required to perform his part of the chores or duties around the home, and perform such labor and service upon the farm and shops as may be required of him. Enough time will be given to recreation; hunting, fishing, and athletics will be encouraged.
Application for admission to the fall term, beginning the first Monday in October, should be filed with the superintendent of schools before June I, 1907.

APPLICATION.
Form of application. Blank applications furnished upon request.

Name in full

.

Father's or guardian's name

.

Residence

.

Date of birth

:

.

Give fully your reasons for wishing to be admitted to this

Industrial School.

Give names of the schools you have attended, how long in

each, and what did you study?

DQ you wish to pay the twenty-five dollars, or have it ad-

vanced, and by extra labor on farm or in shop to pay it back

to the school?

.

If admitted I promise to be obedient to the rules of the school

and cheerfully do my part of the chores and work which may

be assigned to me.

......................................... .

...................... 19 . N. H. BALLARD, Superintendent.

Applicant.

MAGNIFICENT PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM AND IN-
DUSTRIAL ADVANTAGES OF COLUMBUS, GA.
By MISS SELENE ARMSTRONG.
Columbus, Ga., approaches the ideal municipality. Its industrial wealth is told in the mighty sweep of thirty-four miles of water power furnished by the Chattahoochee river; in the singing of a thousand thousand spindles, and in the superb advantages of its location. But those of us in whose hearts is born a vision of civic progress and social welfare will value :above all these the altruistic spirit of its citizens expressed in what is one of the most advanced and complete systems of education to be found in the South to~day.
The public schools of Columbus are the pride and joy of its people. The men and women who make them what they are believe in the education that develops not the mind at the expense of the body, nor the body at the expense of the soul, but the blessed trinity of mind, body and soul. They believe also in the education that fits the student for honorable service in all the walks of life, so that the girls and boys who attend Columbus schools learn how to do things, how to, live, and how to help others live. Accordingly, every school building is a sort of beehive, which epitomizes the industries of life.
Beginning with the earliest years of the child's existence, the kindergartens are an important feature of the public school system. Columbus boasts eleven of these, one in every elementary school. The magnificent equipment of the Columbus kindergarten includes a gymnasium separate from the main building, such facilities for outdoor playas swings, joggle-boards, acting-poles, etc., and sufficient ground for the little gardens, in the making of which the children learn the principles of horticulture. The city kindergartens are under the supervision of Miss Edwina Wood, whose time and effort are wholly consecrated to the child life of Columbus, and whose splendid work is a recognized factor in the city's educational development.
INDUSTRIAL WORK IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
The glorious trend of educational ideals to-day is toward the development of the perfect man and woman. It is not suffi-

Kindergarten, Eagle and Phcenix Mill.

299

cient that the child learn lessons only from books. The trained

mind must direct the skilled hand, and rejoice in the strong

and beautiful body. The curriculum must include that, and

only that, "which makes for the sound, strong, beautiful, ac-

complished organism, and for the unfolding and perfecting of

the human spirit." Furthermore, the school must teach the

student how to live, hoW' to meet the needs of the common

day and to fill some particular sphere energetically, indus-

triously and intelligently. Such are the broad aims which have

inspired the course of instruction offered by the pltblic schools

of Columbus.

When the child enters the grammar grades his industrial

training begins. In the elementary schools I saw girls busy

at their sewing and cooking, and in shop and foundry heard

the buzz of the saw and the merry ring of the hammer. Kitchen

utensils, sewing machines, brooms and dusters, anvils and

hammers are as much a part of the school equipment as are

desks a.nd inkwells. Under wise guidance, Columbus children

learn to fill the offices which await them as men and women

who are destined for intelligent and useful citizenship,and

instead of being a mere incident in the day's routine, this work

along industrial lines is taken every bit as seriously as the

doing of sums. It demands the best that mind, hand and

heart of the pupil can unite to p,roduce; impresses upon him

the dignity of the lowliest task that is well done, and teaches

him that to labor with intelligence is not only to conserve, but

to generate power.

.

A CROWNING ACHIEVEMENT.
Especial mention must be made of the Secondary Industrial School, the establishment of which is the crowning achievement of Columbus' school authorities. This institution is free to all .girls and boys of the city above the age of fourteen, and open to girls and boys of other cities at a merely nominal tuition. Here is given, besides the essentials of the high school academic course, practical instruction in commercial and industrial branches, so that the girl and boy, at the cost of not a penny, may prepare themselves to follow any line of work by which they desire to become self-supporting. The school operates eleven months out of every twelve. School hours are from 8 o'clock in the morning until 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Lunch is prepared in the great school kitchen by two

300

Qf the girls detailed each week from the cooking class, and

1S furnished the pupils at the exact cost of the materials. Thus

:a menu card will read: "Soup, 3 cents; bread and butter, 5

'Cents; salad, 4 cents; chocolate, 3 cents."

.

The complete equipment of each department makes of the

school a sort of miniature industrial world. In textiles we

'see, step by step, the evolution of raw cotton to cloth of various

patterns, designed in the pattern-making department. The car-

penter's shop turns out specimens of carpentry ranging from

crudest to most finished forms; and the products of forge and

foundry are seen in the simplest of implements or in intricate

and beautiful designs of wrought iron. The schools of milli-

nery and dressmakil1g will enable their graduates to command

the best wages along either line' of work, and instruction in

domestic science, and in every branch of commercial training,

is to be as thorough.

HOW THEY DO IT.
"And I have yet heard no complaint for lack of money and 'equipment," remarks the visitor to Columbus. "How do you do it, when other cities fail?" The reply of Mr. Gibson, city :superintendent, showed that there is no magic source of su-pply, but that a wise and economic management of funds is the secret of success. Said he: "All the money for our equipment in the several schools, except the Secondary Industrial School, comes from one of two funds, the general fund created from the tax levy of two and a half mills for educational purposes, or the book fund which comes from the entrance fees of all the pupils except those in the kindergartens and the Primary In'dustrial School. This entrance fee is paid into our hands in amounts from one dollar in the primary grades to four dollars in the High School per term. With this fund we supply all books and stationery and school supplies needed. In this way we are enabled to furnish the pupil liberally all he needs throughout the year at much less than half the amount it would cost him if he should buy it from local dealers. With this fund we also purchase equipment for the kindergartens and Primary Industrial Schoof and by careful buying and economical use we have been able to save several thousand dollars for school buildings.
"We have quite a number of special teachers in this industrial and kindergarten work now, but at the beginning we

301
combined certain positions with these special teachers' places and secured for the combination specially trained teachers. None of these special teachers now have any part in the elementary studies. Fortunately the tax valuation of the city has grown with the growth of the schools and therefore we have never had to increase the levy for educational purposes above two and a half mills."
Nor must it be forgotten that the city which provides so liberally for its white children recognizes a duty to the negro. Negro schools have their kindergartens also, and in addition to the elementary studies there are taught also cooking, sewing, laundry work, carpentry, forge and foundry work.
The public school teachers of Columbus are chosen only from the ranks of the most advanced and competent. I met among them men and women who have received their training in the great institutions of the East and West, and abroad. With Mr. C. B. Gibson as city superintendent of the city schools, the man and the opportunity have met. Mr. Gibson is in active touCh and sympathy with the broadest educational work of the day, and to the great public school system which he directs he brings indomitable energy and enthusiasm, as well as years of valuable experience. But it is most to say that he does his work well because his heart is big with love for the children and because in the school of life he has learned to work and play with patience and joy, and with all the faith of "one of these little ones."
EDUCATION OF MILL CHILDREN.
The same altruistic spirit which vitalizes the public school system of Columbus touches beneficently the lives of her min children. -The public schools are, of course, open to these, but the city also provides the Primary Industrial School, which is attended almost exclusively by mill children. This indeed might be known as the school of the little dinner-carriers, for the hours are suited to those children, whose responsibilities begin, often, before do their lessons in the primer. The morning session closes at 10 :30 o'clock in order that they may carry dinner to their parents at the mills, and work is resumed at I o'clock in the afternoon. In this beautiful Primary Industrial School, a structure whose architecture is that of the ante-bellum Southern residence, and suggests the home rather than the school, there are taught, besides the elementary studies,

Cultivated Garden-Eagle and Phoonix Mill.

303
handicrafts, industrial work and horticulture. At their basketry and weaving, in the making of useful articles for the home, or at work beautifying the grounds, the children enter upon a life rich in the elements of usefulness and beauty.
Independent of any co-operation from the city the Bibb mills have established a school for the children of their operatives.
Two free kindergartens are maintained just across the Chattahoochee in the mill settlements of Girard and Phenix City, Ala., by the Eagle and Phenix mills, of Columbus. These buildings, large and sunny, command a magnificent river view, and are splendidly equipped. The surrounding grounds are kept by children, the work of whose baby hands is seen blossoming into quaint flower-beds and tender young hedges. Only the most competent kindergartners are employed, two of these being sent by the mills each summer to some Chautauqua, where they take a course of study. The total daily average attendance of mill children at the Eagle and Phenix mills' kindergartens and at the Primary Industrial School is 180. In sunny rooms with their snowy white curtains, and growing plants, these children learn useful lessons "in terms of play."
With their small tubs, washboards, chairs, beds and dishes they are taught the fundamental principles of cleanliness, order and sanitation, of which their parents know little.
The director of the Eagle and Phenix Free Kindergartens is Miss Leola Patterson, of Columbus, Ga. It is worthy of note that all teachers in the Columbus Kindergartens are graduates of the Columbus Training School, and are citizens of Columbus, Phenix City, or Girard.
A Y. W. C. A. home, with library and reading room, gymnasium and kitchen is supported by the Eagle and Phenix mills, and is liberally patronized by the women of the mill settlement. The secretary of the home is Miss Edna Sutton Robinson, formerly of Oxford, Ohio, who has come to fill a distinctive -place in the hearts and lives of the people among whom she works.
Another story is about to be added to this home, and a home will also be built ~y the Eagle and Phenix Company for Miss Robinson, and the young woman who will next year be her assistant.
THE GOOD CITIZEN.
With the educational and industrial progress of Columbus, with the city's every advance toward higher civic ideals, is in

304
separably linked the name of Gunby Jordan. Emerson somewhere remarks that if a man be great enough, he may sit at home and let the world find its way to his door. For many years Mr. Jordan has worked away quietly in Columbus, giving time and strength, and the interest of a great and loving heart to the betterment of conditions about him. The excellence of the public schools there, the splendid chain of free kindergartens, the success with which the welfare work is conducted in the Eagle and Phenix mills, of which Mr. Jordan is president, and the city's progressiveness along other lines were soon noised abroad, however, and then it was that America discovered Columbus, and found her way to Mr. Jordan's door. His election to the presidency of the Georgia Immigration Society, to membership on the executive board of the National Civic Federation, his recent appointment as a member of the national board for the promotion of industrial peace, and his election as vice-president of the Southern Educational Association, are honors which the world has paid in' recognition of his work at home, of his love for his own people. And they? They, too, render tribute. When I went to see Mr. Jordan one sunny day last April he gave me handfuls of spring roses. "These were just sent me by the mill children," he explained, "with their brest love."
When I turned the conversation upon his recent appointment on the peace commission, and other honors,_ Mr. Jordan was wholly reticent. But in regard to the roses, he could not have been modest if he had tried, he was so pleased. They meant most, you know.
Mr. Jordan is president of the board of trustees of public schools and is fortunate in the cooperation of splendid men, each of whom has worked vigorously and effectually toward the success of the public schools. Besides Mr. Jordan, the members of the board are James Smith, vice-president; Car-
leton B. Gibson, secretary; J. S. Matthews, treasurer; J. D.
Massey, H. R. Goetchius, J. A. Walton, R. A. Ryder, G. C.
Palmer, L. A. Scarborough, J. B. Tarver, Sol Loeb, L. T.
Ryckerly.
INDUSTRIAL COLUMBUS.
That the progress made by Columbus in educational matters has been equaled along industrial and agricultural lines is proved by the following facts, published recently there by the Chamber of Commerce.

30;)
"The population of the city and its immediate suburbs was 38,4I5 in I 906.
"Fourteen cotton and woolen mills are at present being op~ erated by seven corporations; twelve of these mills making colored cott0n goods, one brown sheetings and one fine yarns.
"The total number of spindles is I88,528, with 4,237 looms. Total number of operatives, running full, about 4,500. Cotton consumed annually, about 50,000 bales.
"Outside of the cotton mill interests there are many other industrial plants, including two large clothing' manufacturing establishments; barrel and paper box factories; three cotton compresses, cottonseed oil mills; two large iron foundries; four ice factories; plow factories; fertilizer manufactories; three hosiery plants; one very extensive wagon and buggy factory; three candy factories ane! syrup refineries; four large brick plants making building and fire clays of excellent quality; and numerous other minor industries incident to a manufacturing center.
"The total weekly payroll of the city amounts to $35,000; total number of employees in all industries, 6,000."
The city is situated in the very center of the great cotton belt, and is surrounded by rich agricultural lands, with the best railway and water facilities. Columbus is also near the heart of the famous Elberta peach region.
The recent transformation of its great water-power into electricity has given Columbus the name of "The Electric City of the South."
These are the words of Chairman William P. Hepburn, of the interestate and foreign commerce committee, who visited the city last year:
"You have the Chattahoochee river. You have thirty-four miles of water power. There is nothing like it anywhere else that I know of.. If I had my choice between the two propositions, I would accept this in preference to the Niagara Falls. I am speaking now in an utilitarian sense. If I could fence it in and allow mankind to come there and indulge their esthetic tastes at a dollar a head, I would probably have Niagara Falls; but looking at it in the other way, this is the greater institution. God has been very good to you."
20.0

Columbus Public School for Secondary Manual Training.

307
PERMANENT SCHEDULE OF SALARIES.
The following classes are recognized in the school force: Superintendents, Principals, Assistants, Special Teachers, Kindergartners, Janitors. Principals are divided into three classes: Principals of High Schools, Principals of Elementary Schools, Principals Of Primary Industrial Schools. Assistants are divided into three classes: High School Assistants, Assistants in Elementary Schools (grade teachers), Assistants in Primary Industrial Schools. Special Teachers include Directors of Manual Training, Domestic Science, Music, Kindergartens.
SUPERINTENDENT.
The salary of the Superitendent is fixed at $2,250 per an4
num~
PRINCIPALS.
The salary of the High School principal is fixed at $1,200 for the first year, increasing $100 a. year until a maximum Clf $1,50 is reached.
Salaries of male principals of grade buildings having not over six rooms are fixed at $800 for the first year, increasing $50 annually to a maximum of $900; female principals in thf same class of buildings, $700 for the first year, increasing $5c. annually to a maximum of $800.
Salaries of male princiwls of buildings having over six rooms and not over eight rooms, are fixed at $1,000 for the first year, increasing $So a year to a maximum of $ I, 100; female principals, $850 for the first year, increasing $50 annually to a maximum of $950.
Salaries of male principals of buildings having more than eight rooms and not more than twelve rooms, are fixed at $1,200 for the first year, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $1,30; female principals, $1,000, for the first year, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $1,100.
Salaries of male principals of buildings having- more than twelve rooms, are fixed at $1,30 for the first year, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $1,400; female principals, $1,100 for the first year, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $1,200.
Salaries of principals of Primary Industrial Schools a~e fixed

308
at $800 for the first year and residence, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $900.
ASSISTANTS.
The salaries of male assistants in the High School are fixed at $800 for the first year, increasing $100 annually to a maximum of $1,000; female assistants, $600' for the first year, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $7.
Salaries of assistants in the elementary schools (or grade teachers) are fixed at $400 for the first year, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $600.
Salaries of assistants in Primary Industrial Schools are fLxed at $400 a year, increasing $50 annually until a maximum of $600 is reached.
Salaries of assistants in evening schools not otherwise engaged in the city schools shall be $150 per annum; if otherwise engaged in the city schools, the salaries shall be $100 per annum in addition to their regular salaries.
The pay of substitutes for assistants shall be $2 per day taught, and while in service they shall be under the same regulations as regular teachers~
SPECIAL TEACHERS.
Salaries of special teachers, except directors of kindergartens, are fixed at $1,000 per year for men, increasing $100 a year to a maximum of $1,200; $600 a year for women, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $700.
The salaries of the Directors of Kindergartens is fixed at $400 a year, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $500.
KINDERGARTNERS.
Salaries of Kindergartners are fixed at $250 for the first year, increasing $50 a year to a maximum of $350.
TEACHERS IN COLORED SCHOOLS.
The salaries of principals and teachers in colored schools. are fixed at fifty per cent. of the salaries in the white schools, for the same grade or position.
JANITORS.
Salaries of janitors of buildings having not over six rOO111S are fixed at $180 per annum. Salaries of janitors of buildings.

309
having more than six rooms and not more than ten rooms are fixed at $198 per annum. Salaries of janitors of buildings having more than ten rooms are fixed at $216 per annum.
PROMOTIONS.
After anyone of the class of assistants has served one year at the maximum salary of his class, he may have a further advance of $75 in the yearly salary by receiving an efficiency rating of not less than eighty-five per cent. and passing satisfactory academic and professional tests. Notice in writing of the desire for such promotion must be given the board one year in a<ivance. The superintendent and the principal of the school shall then make careful inspection of the work of such teacher and make to the board, for the purpose of record, four reports each at regular intervals during the year. These reports will show the teacher's practical efficiency in management of children, instruction of class, and attention to school business, and will also show her professional qualities of scholarship, professional interest and zeal, and strength of personality. At the end of the year such teacher shaH submit a paper of not less than 1,500 words on one of several professional topics assigned by the superintendent and satisfactorily discuss the paper with the board 6f examiners, and shall make good an examination in three professional subjects and two academic subjects other than his specialty, if any.
Having met these requirements, the increase of $75 in his annual salary shall continue through a period of four years, after which another advance of $75 in the yearly salary may be had in like manner upon an efficiency rating of ninety per cent. and similar tests on advanced subjects.

310
AMONG THE RURAL SCHOOLS OF MORGAN
COUNTY, GEORGIA.
By SUPT. G. C. ADAMS.
I visited .everal country schools in Morgan county, in company with Prof. F. L. Florence, the county superintendent, who is a tezcher and superintendent of experience and ability. He keeps in close touch with every feature of his schools, and is well acquainted with the work going on in each school of his county.
We visited three distinct types of the schools of Morgan county. For the purpose of this report it is deemed necessary only to notice with any special detail one school of each type.
The Bostwick consolidated and graded school, located about nine miles from Madison, is a good type of the best rural schools of the county, or any other county in the State. The house is T -shaped, containing three large rooms; one, occupied by the principal, 36x50, and two, occupied by the assistants, 24x30, with a large rostrum for entertainments, etc., and a 6X20 cloak vestibule. The roof is well shaped with a large belfry and a good bell. The house has a l4-foot pitch, is painted white with green blinds, and is altogether a creditable schoolhouse.
Prof. C. C. \Vills and Misses Elise Armour and Ruth Anderson are in charge. Professor Wills receives $IOO per
in month, of which about $50 is paid by the patrons. The as-
sistants are not forgotten the matter of salary. Here good, healthful order prevails, not the stillness of death
sometimes demanded by weak teachers, who are either not able or are unwilling to exercise the patinc.e to guide their pupils, and lead them gently along the highway of intellectual advancement. Everybody was quiet and busy in the principal's room. He was hearing a very interesting lesson in Evangeline. The eighth grade pupils (for this grade was studying literature) had some real understanding of the subject. They evidently had been well drilled in rhetoric, for they were familiar with the more common figures of speech.
Sixth, seventh and eighth grades were under the principal. The seventh and eighth ~rac1es were regular and doing all the work outlined in the State's "course of study." The sixth grade was irregular, and really could measure up only with

311

the fifth. This grade had little knowledge of grammar. It was difficult for the pupils to analyze and diagram even simple sent~nces without participle or infinitive phrases, and when they were asked about these phrases they knew nothing. They were almost entirely ignorant of the properties of nouns, pronouns and verbs. Not one in the grade could tell what is meant by "person." They stumbled even over the parts of speech.. On inquiry I found thatthis grade had been irregular in their attendance last year.
One marked deficiency I found in this good school, and have found the same complaint in every school I have visited, namely, that the advanced grades can spell and read but poorly. Out of the following list of words I dictated to the seventh
grade, only two in the class spelled as many as seven words, and not a pupil spelled "judgment" or "deferred" :

I receive 2 deceit 3 annual 4 judgment

5 control 6 license 7 clayey 8 dyeing

9 deferrea 10 surprise

In arithmetic, grammar, geography and history they were very well advanced. This observation leads' me to a very strong belief that every pupil in our grammar schools should spell and read, and continue to do some review work at least once a month in the common school branches, during the high school course. This neglect, no doubt, is partly due to a constant wish by parents, as well as pupils, to finish the course in as short a time as possible. And, too, if all the branche,s are kept up in each grade, it makes a very full course., Herein may be found the reason why some of our older generations are better spellers and readers than some of the new.
Nothing- with regard to the fourth and fifth grades needs any special mention, only that they were busy and well classified. The third grade was one to be commended in the highest terms. I found this true of the third grade in all the schools I visited. There were twelve in this grade of as bright little fellows as one can see together. They were eager to answer questions. Their pretty eyes shone with, "Let me tell it." Their spelling was fair. their number-work excellent. writing good, and reading- or telling- the story contrtined in the reading matter very gratifyin'". For instance: I had them to read the story of the "Svn and Wind," and it was surnrising to see how thev cot1lrl read and reproduce the storv and then explain the

313
JcSSOil taught. One little girl said it taught us to be warmhearted like the sun, so folks will do what we want them to do. Another said it made her think of the lesson about the woman that put her hand on the horse's heck and made him go, after rough treatment made him kick and refuse to go. The quick and ready answers that came from these little ones was like a refreshing shower in April.
In this community there is a good, live School Improvement Club, presided over by Mrs. F. L. Florence. As a result of their work they have all organ at school, and a number of well-framed pictures on the walls. They also have several very pretty mottoes, such as, "If any man lack wisdom let him ask of God," "Non sibi, sed aliis," etc.
After spending half. a day at this school we drove to the Rock Spring school, which was in charge of an earnest and cultured woman. She had first, second, fourth, fifth and seventh grades in the school, after fitting a few third and sixth grades into others which they suited best. She was doing her best with about thirty-six lessons a day. The pupils were actually absorbing something from their books.
The pupils ,here would average at least one year older for the same graiie than the pupils at the Bostwick school. In the lower grades there were hardly so much, while in the higher grades, from the fifth grade up, there were two or three years' difference.
In the Bostwick and Appalachee schools a uniformity of proficiency in all the branches of a grade was observed, while in the Rock Spring school none of the classes (they could hardly be called grades) were regular in their several studies, with possibly an exception in the second grade. For example: The fourth grade could not readily take 0 of 120, or sub-
tract % from 2, but they welOe bubbling over with knowledge of
their Geography. The seventh grade pupils read and spelled poorly, but they
actually knew something of the participle and infinitive, and did some creditable work .in diacritics for me. My close observation in all the schools I have visited, as well as among the pupils I have taught, leads me to conclude that good readers are also good spellers, though the reverse does not necessarily hold good, for I have seen some pupils who could spell every word in the book and were not able to do creditable reading in a second reader.
In the Fair Play school I found practically the same con-
...

315

dition that prevailed at Rock Spring, both being medium class

schools. The Fair Play pupils were very irregular in their

grades. Only a few of the pupils were regular in any grade,

and as many as three classes were reciting in the first reader.

The teacher had over forty recitations daily! This gave her

from five to eight minutes for each. She was a good, earnest,

consecrated teacher, but she could do little more than "keep"

the school.

,

After spending a half day at each of the abDve schools, Pro-

fessor Florence said he would carty me to Studdard School.

This school is in a rough, rocky, hilly section in the northwest

part of the county. The house is 16x24, planked up and down

with wide, undressed, old-field plank, having 4-inch strips

nailed over joists. The roof is of riven oak boards that are

more ttseful than ornamental. The floor is of the same wide

planks as the outside of the building, with cracks as wide as

one's finger. Not a piece of ceiling could be seen in the hull

of the house. The old-time rock chimney with its big open

fireplace seemed "willing," like Barkis, to heat up all in the

room, but certainly it did well to throw any heat beyond the

hearth. The seats were uncouth, as well as uncomfortable.

Hats and bonnets were lying and hanging in disorder all

over the house. They were the only pictures on the wall.

Uncomfortable seats encouraged the pupils to be restless and

noisy. They studied aloud, what few were studying. They

had not formed the study habit. They simply did not know

how, "and how can I learn except some one guide me."

I found five pupils in the third grade, five in the fourth, one

in the fifth. none in the sixth, and three in the seventh. The

third grade read very poorly, and,had not known that a les-

son could have a moral, or refer to any real thing outside the

book. I could not draw out of the pupils any idea in the less::m

of "The Seven Sticks" in the Third Reader; they saw only

the seven plain pieces of wood.

In arithmetic the children had little or no knowledge.

6+6=12, but Y;; of 12=9. and when one who seemed to be

the honor pupil of the class made the assertion, all the others

were too timid to venture a contradiction. This class had no

work in geography. They were blank in language. Their

average was only 60 per cent. on spelling the following words:

I crumb

5 wrote'

9 bale

2 place

6 knife

10 ache

3 clothe

7 twice

4 style

8 rogue

316
The fourth grade read poorly, except one girl who read only fairly well. The reading was little more than merely pronouncing coldly each word separately, like a buggy wheel without the felloe, running on the floor.
I asked that if Y3 of my money equaled $6, how much had
I? The answer was $2, and not one in the class knew until he was led into it.
There was only one pupil in the fifth grade. A sweeter face and soul were seldom met with in a region so far removed from culture and refinement. She was a rare flower and had not been cultivated.
She had never read a story-book, but said just last night
Madison School Building.
she had read a chapter and a half in the Bible. I told her a story or two of great interest to her and the other pupils of the school, for not a pupil in the whole school had read a book, save of his school readers. I asked her if she would not like to read a good book in which she could find good friends and folks she would love just as she did real folks about her. How happy she seemed. A beautiful rosebud is no more ready to open in June than was this pretty maiden, feeling a literary hunger for the first time.
Professor Florence related some beautiful and touching stories of his own reading, and when he finished he asked for the hands of those who would read a book if thev had one. Every hand in the room went up, and he promis~d to send them a box of fifty choice books, and that the only charge he

317
would make was that they read, preserve and return them to him.
Only a few years ago such schools were the rule rather than the exception. Professor Florence, in his ever-faithful labors, has only one such school left in his county, and I have no doubt it will not remain much longer. My observation as a whole through Morgan county was that Professor Florence and his board are doing some most excellent work. They have done some wise and judicious consolidating, and are planning to do more soon.
In general, I find as follows: A rural school employ:ng three teachers does practically as good work as is found in the average town high school. In this school pupils are busy, and are well disciplined and enjoy their work. Houses are better, with better equipment and school ground improvement than other schools. Higher prices are paid teachers, and good results obtained in proportion to the salaries paid. I do not mean by this that better results will be obtained merely by investing more money, regardless of the quality of the teacher, but I mean that $40 per month secures a $40 man and $80 an $80 man. Two teachers in a school are worth more than twice as much as one, and three teachers are equal to twice the value of two. A teacher can advance two grades in a rural school, about equal to the ,advancement of one grade under the same teacher in town. The children and the house are neat if the teacher is. If the teacher is quiet, so are the pupils, and if /he is noisy and talks much, so will the pupils. Pupils taking the full course with the grade do better than those who take only a part of the course. Parents have few books at home for their children. Pupils who read well spell well.
The third grade were the most regular and uniform in their studies. It may be that when the boys get old enough for the fourth g-rade they are withdrawn for the value of their services at home. Only those schools which are supnlementing th~ public salary to teachers and adding to the public term, are doing work deserving much consideration. People, as a rule. are demanding better school facilities than formerly for their boys and girls.-Extracts from Report of School Work mtd School Conditions.


318

ABOUT OUR COUNTY SCHOOLS.

(The

Madisonian J

May

10,

1907.)

MR. EDITOR: I submit herewith for publication the entire report of County Superintendent G. C. Adams, of Newton county, to State School Commissioner W. B. Merritt, giving his impressions of some of the schools of Morgan county while on an inspection tour in company with myself among the schools of upper Morgan, with some comments which I trust the people of Morgan county will carefully consider.
It will be seen that Mr. Adams visited three distinct types of schools: ( I) The consolidated school presided over by two or three teachers. (2) The crowded school under the management of one teacher. (3) The neglected, or indifferent school, such as it is difficult to get any one to preside over at all. I am thankful to say that but one of this class remains in Morgan county, and if there is manhood enough in that community to measure up to the responsibilty of good citizenship, this will not be left to mar our r~putation at the opening of the next term.
To a careful reader little comment need be made upon the observations of Mr. Adams. He cites the advantages of the consolidated school with sufficient accuracy to make such schools desirable wherever it is practicable to have them. And to me it seems that our people would realize that it is worth while to go to some inconvenience to patronize such schools. Appalachee school and Bostwick school are fair representatives of this class.
I have no hesitancy in saying that I will be willing to contest pupils from these two schools with any pupils of like grade of similar schools from any county in the State, without any dread of Morgan's schools suffering defeat. ,The lesson for patrons of these schools to draw from the report is that they should see to it that their children are regular and prompt in attendance from beginning to end of the term. I can assure them that that if this is done, the only reason that their children may not learn is that God has not endowed them with intellects~perhaps I should say that their parents
are the responsible ones for this-or that Nature has been sadly
negligent in providing the materials for their make-up. N ow as to the second class of schools-the over-crowded
one-teacher school. Rock Spring and Fair Play schools are

319
-
fair examples of this class. At the time of Mr. Adams' visit Rock Spring had enrolled about forty-five pupils. Fair Play about fifty. A large number of these pupils had only recently entered school-more than a month after the first term of the school year had opened. Now I want to know how upon earth any teaeher can be expected to do thorough work under such conditions?
While at Rock Spring all seven grades were not represented, the fact that pupils enteririg late had to be classed behind those who began at the opening of the term, made as many or more classes than one teacher could possibly manage. At Fair Play the teacher, a very faithful, conscientious and efficient one at that, was so overcrowded with classes, that she could not possibly do efficient work. It might be well for me to say here that for two years I have been trying to get these two communities to come together and build a schoolhouse on intermediate ground like the Bostwick or Appalachee schools, but in spite of the fact that I have offered to recommend that the board of education assist in the erection of a good building, I have never been able to get these good people to see the necessity of such a move, or rather I have never succeeded in getting them to agree upon a site. Our Board did for the past term the best we could for them. We furnished assistant teachers for each of these schools, as soon after forty pupils
were enrolled, as we could secure the teachers. And in each
case these assistant teachers had to teach in church houses hard by-fairly comfortable church houses-but totally unsuited for schoolhouses.
N ow as to the third class. There is no good reason for the existence of any such building in Morgan county. This is .the only one. And when the people of that community see its picture-it looks to me that the original should be sufficient-I trust that they will do one of two things. First and best, that they will send their children to Rutledge school, which can be done by carrying those most remote from the latter in a wagon, or second to accept the offer I made them. To get up what money they can and secure a suitable site and help the board of education to build them a. comfortable building. It is impossible to get a teacher who values her life to teach in the present house. And the wonder to me is that some of the children have not already succumb_ed to pneumonia, or some other affection as deadly.

320
Let me say that our school system (?) is more responsible for the defects pointed out in the report under consideration, than those who are employed to carry it out. Our course of study made obligatory by the recent text-book law is too com prehensivelfor a five months' course.
Overcrowded one-teacher schools is the rule. Irregular attendance but complicates and multiplies the difficulties. The indisposition of communities to unite 'On intermediate ground for a larger and better school holds in check progress, and renders inefficient the schools already established. These are the inferences Mr. Adams draws from his observation. I believe them largely correct.
Sincerely,
F. L. FLORENCE, C. S. C.

321

REFORMATORY WORK IN GEORGIA.

HAPEVILLE) GA.) October I, 1906.
To The Honorable Board of Commissioners of Roads and Revenues of Fulton COttnty) Georgia.
GENTLEMEN: Please find below the superintendent's report of the Fulton County Industrial Farm, covering all that has been done since being placed in charge of your honorable body by a vote of the citizens of said county.
ORIGIN 011 THE I1ULTON COUNTY INDUSTRIAL I1ARM. In 1893 a law passed the Legislature authorizing counties to establish institutions for the correction of wayward children. In 1900 an amendment was passed eliminating some of the prison features from the aforesaid bill, under which amendment Fulton county, by a vote of the people, established the Fulton County Industrial Farm. In 1902 an amendment was passed by the Georgia Legislature giving the court authority to sentence a ward to the Fulton County Industrial Farm during his minority, or so long as the administration might deem it necessary for his correction.

GENERAL INIIORMATION.

Entire cost of construction and maintenance, in-

cluding land and buildings

$ 70,408 95

Approximate cost of land, 116 acres, and perma-

nent improvements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 31,724 66

Cost of bedding, clothing, household and kitchen

furniture, stock, harness, wagons, agricultural

implements, maintenance, improvement of land

and' salaries. . . . ..

39,744 16

Produce of various kinds sold off the farm. . . . . 4,368 35

Net cost per year

35,375 81
$ 7,075 16

On February 19, 1902, the institution opened with five wards.
On August I, 1902, the capacity of the institution~forty eight wards-was reached, and the institution has been full ever since.
21Sc

322

A new dormitory with a capacity of fifty wards is now in

"'Course of construction, and will be ready for occupancy III

. the fall of 1907.

.

On September 30, 1906, the records show that ninety-three

wards have been admitted; forty have been paroled; two have

-escaped; one has been sent to the State penitentiary for arson,

and one brought back to the farm, leaving fifty-one now on the

larm.

The management endeavors to see that the wards have

p1enty of wholesome food; that they are comfortably clad and

bedded, avoiding too much warmth with as much care as too

much cold.

In case of sickness, the ward receives immediate attention,

and we are glad to report that there has not been a case of

fever or pneumonia in the five years that the institution has

been in existence. A physician has been called from four to

six times a year.

W'ater for cooking and drinking is used from a well in the

...-yard far from any possible source of contamination.

Not considering work done in construction, the expenses

, of the institution this year for the feed of hogs, cows, mules,

. chickens and grocery bill for sixty-four people, above the cash

received for labor and produce, exclusive of vegetables fur-

.nished the road force of the county, has been $1.50 per day.

EMPLOYMENTS.
Gardening, raising feed for stock, raising c~ne and making syrup, canning vegetables, putting cane bottoms in chairs, mending shoes, milking cows and caring for the milk and butter, making and mending clothes, doing carpenter work, painting, blacksmith work, cement work, laundering, cooking and studying three hours a day the most essential elements of an English education, including some military training, baseball and house games are the occupations and diversions fqllowed on the farm by the wards.
On SunClays we have religious exercises, reading, refreshments and some physical recreation.
Of the wards now on parole, thirty-five, when last heard from were doing well; four are giving some trouble on account of changing jobs too often; of these four, two have been guilty of dishonesty since being paroled, also six of those who are now doing well have been guilty of dishonesty.

323
Only one of the paroled wards is now on the farm, having -been returned for failing to carry out the rules. Several of the others have either come back or have been brought back, but were given another trial, and are now working regularly.
In this connection I wish to state that it has been our policy to encourage parents of wards to rega.rd us as friends, en""' deavoring to render their children a service. To this end wards are allowed to make them presents of the products of their little gardens. By thus impressing upon them our real purpose the administration have been greatly aided in the work by parents.
'vVe have never, except when necessary, authorized any publication, mentioning a ward's name, or reflecting- in the least upon the parents, let them be ever so unworthy.
Paroled wards, with few exceptions, return of their own ~'olition to visit us and seem to enjoy their visits.
One came from New York City, paid his way,. came well dressed and with five dollars in money, to give himself up, be cause he had failed to work where he was placed and left without letting the superintendent know about it. He expressed a desire to remain on the farm until he was twenty-one years of nRea
There have been other instances of the same kind, but let one suffice to show that wards do not view the institution as ~ place to be shunned.
As to the effect of this Institution and the Probation Court of the city, i~ is a pleasing fact and quite noticeable, that petty crimes on the part of the juveniles are not near so frequent as before these institutions were established.
It is hard to estimate the good that" will be accomplished by constant and determined efforts in keeping juvenile criminals off the streets. If the whole country would lay stress on correcting the young, the old criminals would practically disappear.
The effort on the part of some citizens to hamper the institutions by classing the wards "penal convicts," throws a damper on the zeal necessary to the highest achievements possible in stamping out recruits to the criminal ranks.
Your Superintendent most respectfully recommends that our next Legislature be requested by statute to remove all restrictions as to industries applying.to penal convicts from this class of institutions.

324
The children of every trade and calling are represented in an institution of this kind, and it does not seem possible that any organization would offer an objection to allowing the country every available means for saving their own sons or those of their friends and neighbors to the State, as good citizens, who might otherwise prove not only a nucleus for the destruction of peace and harmony, but a menace to life and property, wherever they may be found.
Let every opportunity be given institutions in charge of juveniles to save wards from becoming criminals.
Besides wards are kept in these institutions only so long as is absolutely" necessary, and do not acquire the necessary skill to bet:ome sufficiently expert in any line of endeavor to be materially in the way of any enterprising man.
A human being who has the. mind and strength so long as he is wDrthy to live, should have the opportunity of earning a living, let him be bond or free.
While a good democracy would not justify giving wayward children, at the public expense, too many advantages, it requires of the "government of the people, by the people, for the people," that they should be trained in lines which will enable them to earn their bread when they go out into the world.
During the last five years it has been observed by your superintendent. that, in some instances, paroled wards, who leave the institution with the best resolutions, gradually deteriorate, after returning to the old environments. Therefore it appears advisable, should it be feasible, to send the ward on being paroled to new fields, if the conditions at home are not conducive to thrift and good morals.
This is the policy in the New York Juvenile Asylum. They send their paroled wards to the West and keep a man out there to watch after them.
WHAT PAROLED WARDS ARE NOW DOING.
No. I works for a concrete company in Atlanta, Ga., at $1.25 per day.
No. 2 works on a farm in Alabama. No. 3 works at a coffin factory in Atlanta, Ga. No. 4 fires on the Seaboard Air Line railroa"d. NO.5 is a soldier in the United States army. No. 6 works on a ranch in South Dakota.

325
No. 7 was killed by lightning about one month after being paroled.
No.8 works in Orange, Texas, at $2.50 per day. No. 9 works in South Texas on a rice plantation. No. 10 works at Fort Worth, Texas, at $1.75 per day. No. 12 wraps bundles for a dry goods house in Atlanta, Ga., at $1.00 per day. No. 14 works at Southern Railway Shops at $1.50 per day. No. 15 works in a candy factory at $1.25 per day. No. 17 works for the Atlanta Tile Company at $1.50 per day. No. I 8 sho~s horses in Atlanta, Ga. No. 19 drives United States mail wagon in Atlanta, Ga. No. 21 was cooking in a hotel when last heard from. No. 22 works at the printer's trade in Atlanta, Ga. l\"o. 25 guards prisoners in North Carolina. No. 26 is now in prison and has been most of the time since being paroled. No. 27 drives United States mail wagon. No. 28 works in the spring bed factory in Atlanta, Ga. No. 29 works in a drug store in Atlanta, Ga. No. 33 is shi,pping clerk for a paint house in Atlanta, Ga. No. 35 is engineer for a large furniture house in Atlanta, Ga. No. 36 works at a soda fountain in Chicago, Ill. No. 37 has not been heard of fOF some time, but when last heard from was making a good salary and supporting himself and his mother. No. 38 works on a farm in Upson county, Georgia, for a man who hires only white labor. No. 39 works for a newspaper in Atlanta, Ga. No. 40 works in a bakery in Atlanta, Ga. No. 41 works in a sales stable with his father. No. 42 works at the plumber's trade in Atlanta, Ga. No. 43 died at his home about two months after being granted a leave of absence. No. 48 works in a box factory near Atlanta, Ga. No. 5I works in a machine shop in Atlanta, Ga. No. 57 works with his father at the printer's trade. No. 59 works at the Southern Manufacturing Company, Athens, Ga. No. 67 is in charge of the culinary department of the Fulton County Industrial Farm. No. 73 works with a coal and' ice company in Atlanta, Ga.

326
MILLEDGEVILLE, GA., May 18, 1907.
Hon. W. B. Merritt, Commissioner, Atlanta, Ga.
DEAR SIR : Your second letter requesting information reo garding the Georgia State Reformatory received. I will, of course, with pleasure give you all the information I can, but in answering your first inquiry, I sv.ppose you were interested only in the school department, as you referred to your purpose to emb09Y the information you received in a report to the Legislature.
We opened the reformatory on December 3, 1906, and had two inmates transferred from prison camps and the balance have been received from time to time from severaf county jails in the State. We now have twent y-four inmates; twelve whites and twelve blacks. Their ages range from ten years to sixteen years of age.
We have some convicted of felony and some misdemeanor convicts. Ninety per cent. of our inmates" come from cities and towns.
We are undertaking to cultivate a two-hundred-acre farm, which is the only class of work we can do this year. As you may know, the law provides for training in agriculture and the mechanic arts.
The management has been anxious to move forward as rapidly as was consistent with thoroughness, but we have been hampered for want of funds.
We have one substantial, though plain building of brick, with a capacity of about sixty-five inmates. This is only partially furnished at present. We have had much outside work to do and very inefficient labor to do it with, but we are getting somewhat better organized and we will be able to make a better showing next year. Weare planting crops this year, such as will be needed for home consumption. Mrs. Bethune, who is matron of the institution, 'is deeply interested in the work and we are both amQitious to make it a credit to the State.
If the Legislature is equally so and will hold up our hands, we feel confident that we can make a showing not to be ashamed of. It will afford me much pleasure to give you all the information I can at any time. If there are any details omitted in this about which you wish to know, please write me and I will answer promptly. With best wishes, I am, .
Yours sincerely,
B. T. BETHUNE,
. Superintendent.

327
THE CENTRAL JUVENILE PROTECTORY ASSOCIA-
TION, ATLANTA, GA.
The Central Juvenile Protectory Association is attempting a work that deserves a place among the educational institutions of our State.
The credit of the inception of the work belongs to the Rev. Crawford Jackson, a Methodist minister and member of the: North Georgia Conference.
In the year 1902, whilst engaged in publishing The Chris~ tian Union in Atlanta, he became interested in a lad who had several times been in the hands of the police. Undertaking to be responsible for the lad, he gained the consent of the police judge to take the lad into his office. He became interested in other wayward boys. About a year later the annual Conference of Charities and Correction was held in Atlanta. Among the speakers at that convention was Judge Ben B. Lindsay, of Denver, Colo. Judge Lindsay, who has attained national fame for his remarkable success in dealing with juvenile offenders, in his capacity as judge of the Juvenile Court, visited, whilst in Atlanta, the city stockade. There he . found about a dozen boys under the age of fourteenworkin& in close companionship with older and hardened criminals. He called attention to this deplorable state of things in his address before the conference and advocated the juvenile court and probation system for Georgia. Mr. Jackson, deeply impressed with the value of the system advocated by Judge Lindsay, at once began to urge its adoption in the columns of his paper, The Christian Union} and not only by pen, but alsoon the platform, in about one hundred cities and towns in our State, he sought to educate the public mind and conscience 011' the problem of dealing with juvenile offenders. This agitation, concurrently with other movements in the same direction, resulted in the introduction of a Georgia State Reformatory bill by the Hon. T. B. Felder, of Bibb, in the session of 1905. The passage of this bill resulted in an appropriation of $20,000 for the building of a State reformatory, which has since been erected at Milledgeville, near the State penitentiary. Gratifying as was the result of the agitation, it was nevertheless regarded by the friends of the movement that a great mistake had been made in locating the State reformatory for juveniles so near the State penitentiary for criminals. One

/
Rev. Cra.wford Jackson still holding to th) sa.me boy.

329
of the main efforts of the friends of the new movement was to segregate the young offender from the older criminal. It was consequently felt that a new departure was needed and this was emphasized by the fact that the State reformatory would hardly accommodate the children who had actually passed through the courts and would not under any circumstances be available for the large number who went astray and yet were not arrested by the police. At this juncture, Mr. Jackson organized the most prominent friends of the movement under the name of the Central Juvenile Protectory Association. Under the auspices of this association, a delegation representing several Southern States, was received on December IS, 1905, by President Roosevelt in the White House at Washington, D. C., and on the same day a constitution, pre~ viously drawn up by Mr. Jackson and adopted by the delegates, which outlined in a general way, a plan for the erection of ten separate buildings duly equipped with workshops, stock yards, farm lands, etc., wherein the wayward youth of both sexes and races should be taught and trained in useful arts and industries and good citizenship. This was the general idea towards which those interested in thi: movement worked until the opening of the year 1907, when Dr. L. G. Hardman, of Commerce, Ga., visited the George Junior Republic at Freeville, N. Y. On his return, he called attention of the executive committee to that admirable institution that had, for twelve years, so successfully grappled with the boy problem in New York State. The Central Juvenile Protectory Committee, of Atlanta, at once recognized the merits of this new idea and proceeded to modify their own plans by working f011 the establishment of a "Juvenile State." A constitution wa~ drawn up by Mr. Jackson, modeled to some extent after that of the George Junior Republic above mentioned. Dr. L. G. Hardman generously donated a tract of 426 acres of land in Jackson county, within a few miles of Athens, Ga., and it is confidently expected that ere long an educational and training institution for the wayward youth of both sexes will 00 established on that land. The people of Georgia will watch the development of this idea with deep interest, for if successful, as there is every reason to believe it will be, it will be the means of saving large sums of money to the State and, what is vastly more important, large numbers of children; for, to quote the words of Mr. William R. George, the

Criminals in the Making. The smallest boy, in front, the leader of the gang, is the same shown in another picture with Rev. Crawford Jackson.

331
founder of the Junior Republic, "It is cheaper to save children than to punish criminals and it is better for the children."
It is also interesting to note that a campaign of education has been and is now being carried on over the South for Juvenile Courts and the Probation System, the chairman having spoken before legislative bodies and large audiences from the pulpit and platform in a number of leading cities, where strong local organizations were formed, looking to volunteer, Juvenile Courts and favorable legislation.
The office of the Central Juvenile Protectory Association is at 424 Century building, Atlanta, Ga. Persons desirous of further information about this educational movement, can gain it by applying to the Rev. Crawford Jackson, chairman, or the Rev. Alfred E. Seddon, secretary, at that address.

332 HOME READING.

The following Qooks are recommended for home reading. Parents can 'not overestimate the advantages which their children will derive from reading aloud in the family circle. The childr,en will not only learn to read well, but they will also gain valuable stores of information, and they will be drawn closer in love and sympathy to every member of the family circle.
These books are selected from the list of School Library Books issued from this department in 1905. The Educational Publishing Company, Atlanta, Ga., will fill orders for these library books at prices indicated. On all orders of ten dollars or more the express charges will be prepaid.

FOR PRIMARY PUPILS.

Christmas in Other Lands. Cooley................ .05

-Story oFLongfellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .05

Story of Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .05

Story of the Telegraph. S. F. B. Morse. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .05

Boyhood of Famous Americans

.32

Stories of Great Americans. Eggleston.............. .33

Stories of Great Artists. Horne and Scobey. . . . . . . ... .33

FOR INTERMEDIATE PUPILS.

$1.18

Collection of Most Famous Paintings, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .04

Album of Authors and Memory Gem ..,S. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .04

Life of Gen. Robt. E. Lee, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .29

Little Flower Folks, Part II. Pratt................. .32

Stories of Bird Life. Pearson...................... .49

Makers of American History. Chandler and Chitwood .49

Black Beauty. Sewell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .22

Laddie.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

. .. .

.. .. .. .22

$2.11

333

FOR SIXTH AND SEVENTH GRADE PUPILS.

Selections from Irving's Sketch Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .21

Southern Poets. Weber.......................... .21

Fairyland of Science. Buckley..................... .22

Seed Dispersal. Beal

....... .29

Cheerfulness as a Life Power. Marden.............. .29

John Ploughman's Talks. Spurgeon................ .22

Stories of Industry, VoL II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. -48

Total

$1.92 $S.21

If the 22 books are ordered at one time they will be sup-

plied for

$S.oo

As an inducement to teachers to order school libraries, I offered last year to those teachers ordering books from our special library list:
With a $10.00 library order to donate any two sets of pictures in the following portfolios: Portfolio of Presidents, Portfolio of Authors, Portfolio of Birds, Portfolio of Animals.
With a$IS.oo library order to donate anyone of the following sets of books:
Carlyle's French Revolution (two volumes). Justin McCarthy's History of Our Own Timfles (two volumes). Prescott's Conquest of Mexico (two volumes). Prescott's Ferdinand and Isabella (two volumes). With a $20.00 library order to donate anyone of the following sets of books: Macaulay's History of England (five volumes). Charles Dicken's Works (five volumes), viz.: David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, Old Curiosity Shop, Christmas Stories, Tale of Two Cities. Sir Walter Scott's Works (five volumes), viz. : Ivanhoe, Kenilworth, Black Dwarf, The Monastery, Rob Roy. Robert Louis Stevenson's Works (five volumes), viz.: Treasure Island, The Master of Ballantrae, Kidnapped, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, New Arabian Nights.

334

INSTITUTIONS NOT CONFERRING DEGREES.

Bowden College

, W. C. Williams Bowden.

Dalton Female Collcge

..

DuBignon Institute

W. L. Duval

Homerville.

DuPont Seminary

C. W. Anderson DuPont.

Douglasville College

W. E. Dendy , Douglasville.

Ellijay Institute

W. D. Brown

Ellijay.

Euharlee Institute,

'" .. J. P. Campbell

Uartersville.

Epworth Seminary

M. R. Eastlack Epworth.

Fairmount College

Fairmount.

Georgia School for the Deaf

W. O,~Conner. : .... Cave Spring.

Leverte College

J. M. Richardson Talbotton.

Piedmont College

, ' John C. Campbell Demorest.

Piedmont Institute

G. F. Venable

Rockmart.

Reinhardt College

R. C. Sharp

Waleska.

St. Slanislaus College

Rev. M. Moynihan .. Macon.

INSTITUTIONS CONFERRING DEGREES.

Agnes Scott Institute

F. H. Gaines

Decatur.

Andrew Female College ~

J. W. Malone., Cuthbert.

Brenau College A. W. Van Hoose & H. J. Pearce Gainesville.

Cox College

A. J. Moncrief

College Park.

Emory College

James E. Dickey Oxford.

U. N. &: 1. College

M. M. Parks

Milledgeville.

Georgia School of Technology

K. G. Matheson Atlanta.

LaGrange Female College,

R. W. Smith

,LaGrange.

Lucy Cobb Institute

Mrs. M. A Lipscomb. Athens. .

Middle Ga. Military &: Ag'l College. W. E. Reynolds Milledgeville.

Mercer University,."

S. Y. Jameson

Macon.

Monroe Female College.",

C, H. S. Jackson Forsyth.

Marist College. .

'J. E. Gunn . ' , , .Atlanta.

North Ga. Bap. College

W. H. Robinson Morganton.

Nannie Lou Warthen Institute W. F. Quillian

Wrightsville.

North Georgia Agricultural College ,Dr. G. R. Glenn Dahlonega.

State Normal School.,

E. C. Branson., Athens.

Shorter College ,

,,

M. A. Aimmons

Rome.

Southern Female College

M. M. Hatton,

LaGrange.

University of Georgia .. , ,

David C. Barrow ,Athens.

Wesleyan Female College

DuPont Guerry, M~con.

Young's Female College.,

1. C. Hunt .. ,

Thomasville.

335

COLORED COLLEGES.

Atlanta Baptist College

John Hope

Atlanta.

Atlanta University

Horace Bumstead .. Atlanta.

Clarke University. . . . . . .

W. H. Crogman Atlanta.

Georgia State Industrial College R. R. Wright

Savannah.

Morris Brown College

Rev. J S. Flipper Atlanta.

Spellman Seminary

Miss Harriet E. Giles Atlanta.

Allen Normal School

Miss A. B. Hewland. Thomasville

Ballard High SchooL

George C. Burrage .. Macon.

Fort Valley Industrial School

H. A. Hunt

Fort Vall y.

G. N. & 1. Institute

Ifelix A. Ourtright .. Greensboro.

Jeryel Academy

J. H. Brown

Athens.

Knox Institute

L. S. Clark , Athens.

Normal and Industrial School. W. M. Hubbard "'orsyth.

Manual Training Institute

Jos. W. Holley

Albany.

336

SOURCES OF SCHOOL FUNDS FOR 1907.

In compliance with No.6 of the Act of 1894 requmng

the State School Commissioner, the Comptroller-General,

and the Treasurer, on the first Tuesday in December of each

year beginning with 1894, or as soon thereafter as practicable,

to make an estimate of what the school fund for the ensuing

year shall be from special taxes, direct appropriations, and

from other sources of supply which now belong to the school

fund or may hereafter belong to the school fund, the officers

above named met Tuesday, December IIth, and made the

estimate required which is as follows: _

Direct Levy

_ $1,000,000 00

Poll Tax

.

_

275,000 00

Half Rental W. & A. R. R.

- _ 210,006 00

Liquor Tax

_ 242,000 00

Net Fees Inspection of Fertilizers.

_ 21,000 00

Net Fees Inspection of Oils. Show Taxes

_ ._

1,600 00 9,616 00

Dilidends Ga. R. R. Stock. .

_ 2,046 00

Net Proceeds from sale of Prison. Farm

Products

.

- _- - - - - -- 16,639 7 1

Proceeds of settlement by Attorney-Gen-

eral with holders of school lands --- _ 8,680 62

Total.

.---. ------

$1,786,588 33

W. B. MERRITT, State School Commissioner.
WM. A. WRIGHT, Com ptroller-General.
R. E. PARK,
Treasurer.

337 DISBURSE-VIENT OF SCHOOL FUND 1907.

COUNTIES.

COUNTIES.

Appling

$

Baker...... . .

Baldwin

.

Banks. .

.

Bartow

.

Ben Hill

.

Berrien

.

Brooks

.

Bryan

.

Bulloch

.

Burke Butts Calhoun

". ,.
_.

Camden

.

Campbell

.

Carroll

.

Catoosa

.

Charlton

.

Ohattahoochee .

Chattooga

.

Cherokee

.

Clarke

.

Clay

'"

Clayton

.

Clinch

.

Cobb

"

.

Coffee

; ..

Colquitt

.

Columbia

.

Coweta ...........

Crawford

.

Cri8p

.

Dade

.

Dawson

.

Decatur

.

DeKalb

.

Dodge

.

Dooly

.

Dougherty

.

Douglas .. , .. , .

Early

.

Echols

.

Effingham

.

Elbert

.

Emanuel

.

Fannin

.

Fayette

.

Floyd

.

22,c

7,946 73 6,236 45 11,908 71 7,989 7t 15,660 70
12,720 84 15,149 64
4.761 46 17,656 87 22,501 82 9,996 03 8,751 27 5,730 45 8,571 64 21,856 67 4,359 19 3,:!30 81 4,693 1') 9,237 03 11,863 17 5,760 81 6,33006 7,541 93 5,596 36 14,021 26 11,761 97 HJ,335 05 8,389 48 ]5,817 56 7,630 48 6,059 35 3,063 83 3,999 93 16,556 32 10,691 78 12,8 70 11 12,682 89 11,126 94 7,023 28 10,476 85 2,0!J2 31 6,701 50 13,9g3 43 16,61957 9,965 67 7,536 87 18,195 76

Forsyth,

$

Franklin

.

Gilmer

.

Glascock

.

Gordon

.

Grady

.

Greene

.

Gwinnett

.

Habersham

.

Hall

.

Haralson

.

Harris

.

Hart

.

Heard

.

Henry

.

Houston

.

Irwin .

Jackson

.

Jasper

..

Jeff Davis

.

Jefferson

.

Jenkins

.

Johnson , .,

.

Jones

.

Laurens

.

Lee

.

Liberty

.

Lincoln

.

Lowndes

.

Lumpkin

.

Macon

.

Madison

.

Marion

.

McDuffifl

.

McIntosh,

.

Meriwether

.

Miller

.

Milton

.

Mitchell

.

Morgan ............

Murray

.

Muscogee

.

Newton

.

Oconee

.

Oglethorpe

.

Paulding

,

Pickens

.

Pierce

.

9,039 69 10,567 81 8,288 28 3,58248 10,689 25 13,011 79 1-1,150 29 19,607 50 6,896 78 15,501 31 9,899 89 13,34069 1, ,:-169 82. 9,034 63 13,760 67 IS,471 53 7,610 24 19771 95 11,S85 94 3,010 70 15,709 49 9,459 67 9,932 78 10,570 34 19,759 30 7.l24 48 10,132 65 5727 92
16:670 17 5,291 76 10,163 01 11,372 35 7802 52 9,171 25 5,548 29 22,565 07 5,014 46 5,189 03 13,907 41 12,875 17 6,325 00 10,636 12 11,744 26 6,919.. 55 13,130 70 10,38a 12 6,707 03 6,24404

338 APPORTIONMENT OF SCHOOL FUND-CONTINUED.

COUNTIES.

COUNTIES.

Pike

$

Polk

.

Pulaski

.

Putnam

.

Quitman

.

Rabun

.

Rockdale

.

Schley

.

Screven....... "

Spalding

.

Stephens

.

Stewart

.

Sumter

.

Talbot

.

Taliaferro .

Tattnall .

Taylor

..

Telfair .

Thomas

Toomhs

14,408 35 i4,~39 65 13,846 69 11,275 21 3,483 81 5,103 Ol 4,900 61 4,551 47 14,170 53 9,583 64 4,650 14 13,687 30 14,813 15 9,659 54 6.018 87 12,303 39 7,891 91 8,288 28 15,764 43 6,19091

Towns..

. ....$

Troup .

Turner .

Twiggs

.

Union

.

Upson

.

Walkpr .

Walton .

Ware .

Warren.

Washington.

Wayne

.

Webster ..

White

.

Whitfield

..

Wilcox .

Wilkes

.

Wilkinson

,

Worth

.

3,736 81 13,515 26
4,171 97 8,250 33 6,378 13 12,644 94 11,286 33 16,574 03 5,760 81 8,634 89 24,300 77 7,562 17 5,578 65 4,667 85 10,595 64 7,888 54 15,713 83 9,140 89 12,222 43

339

APPORTIONMENT O:B' SOHOOL FUND FOR 1907.
(LOCAL SYSTEMS.)

Bibb

$ 39.685 58

Chatham

. 4G,068 35

Fulton

' .. 18,347 56

Glynn

. 10,21R 67

.Hancock .

15.223 01

Monroe

. 15,427 91

Montgomery

. 12,629 76

Randolph

. 15,263 49

Richmond

. 45,514 70

Terrell

'" 13,12058

'Tift

,. '"

'" 3,979 69

Adrian

. 872 85

Americus

. 4,784 23

Ashburn

. 1,176 45

Athens

. 1,524 22

Atlanta

. 7,704 24

Bainbridge

. 2,9HO 10

Blackshear

.

632 50

Blakely

. 2,188 45

"Bluffton

. 1,039 83

Boston

. 650 21

Canon, S. D

. 672 98

'Clarkston . . . .. .

.

260 59

Cochran

. 1,156 21

'Columbus

. 13,48490

Conyers

. 1,249 82

Cordele

. 2,517 35

Covington

. 1,442 10

Dawson

. 1,950 63

Decatur ............. $ 1,087 90

Doerun

. 389 62

Douglas

. 941 16

Dublin

. 2,696 98

East Point

" 1,237 17

Edgewood

. 1,009 27

Flintstone

. 184 69

Fitzgerald. . . .. .

. 1,993 64

Gainesville

. 3,931 62

Griffin ............. 4,191 74

Hapeville

.

457 93

Haralson

.

751 41

Hawkinsville. "

. 1,6'll 85

Hazlehurst ............ 812 ]3

Hogansville

. 1,497 76

Inman, S. D

. 617 32

Jesup

. 87285

Kirkwood

..

303 60

LaFayette

. 597 08

LaGrange

. 4,111 25

Lawrenceville

. 761 53

Lithonia

. 1,733 05

Lumber City , . 693 22

Madison

. 1,449 69

Marble Hill .. "

.

2,)() -i7

Marietta

. 3,220 69

Menlo, S. D

. 766 59

Moultrie

. 1,935 45

Newnan

. 2,93-1 80

Nicholls

.

665 39

Oakland City

. 695 75

Ocilla. "

. 604 67

Pinehurst

. 341 55

Rome '.

. 6,.552 70

Roswell

. 1,034 77

Royston .,

.

700 81

Stone Mountain

. 695 75

Thomasville

. 3,797 53

Tifton

. 85U 08

Toccoa ............... 1,669 80

Waycross

. 4,128 96

Waresboro

. 39215

West Point

. 1,320 66



Summary of Statistics, Census of 1903.

342

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, CENSUS OF 1903.

POPULATION.

-

.,;

Number of Children Between Ages of Six and Eighteen Years.

.".s..

'"8 8

WHITE.

COLORED

]"

I~

~

" S"
"

I

';;i '0

,~

'" ~

~

\

.....
0

~
~ ~

Census, 1903............................. 186,962 178,608: 365,570 166,616 170,917 337,5631 703,133 Census, 1898.............................. 174,328 167,193 331,521 158,711 160,638 319,349 660,870

Increase, 1898-1903...................... Per cent. of increase, 1898-1903... Increase, 1893-1898...................... Per cent. of increase, 1893-1898...

12,634 7.2 14,044 8

11,415 1 24,049 7,935

68

7.3

5

13,437 26,481 13,401

8

8

9

I

10,279 63 16,017 11

18,214 42,263

5.7

6.3

29,418 55,899

10 1 9

ILLiTERACY.

I 'NUMBER OF CHILDREN OVER TEN YEARS
WHO CAN NEITHER READ NOR WRITE.

Census of 1903. ............. " . Census of 1898...... .......... .
Decrease, 1898-1903 ... . . ." Per cent. of illi terates to school
populat ion, 1903, .... . .... .
Decreasp , 1893-1898 ... .... ..... . Per cent. of illiteratps to school
population, 1898. . , .. .....

I White.

Colured. I

13,53\1

38,262

22,917 9,378

60,699 22,437

3.7
12,7~1
6.7

11.3 18,190
18.9

Total.
51,8'11 83,016 31,rllE>
-J .....J..
,,0,911 12.6

Summary of Statistics-Statet 1906.

344

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS-STATE, '96.

School population census of 1903. . . . . . . . . . .

School population 1906, estimated. . . . . . . . . .

TEACHERS:

Number of white teachers N umber of colored teachers

. 7,095

.

3,457

703,133729,000

PUPILS:
Enrollment, white Enrollment, colored

. 307,494 . 208,774

5 16,268

Attendance, white Attendance, colored

. 199,3 11 . 119,430

3 18,74 1

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLHOUSES:
N umber of schools, white Number of schools, colored

. 4,713 . 2,29

6,222

Value of schoolhouses, white

$4,671,694

Value of schoolhouses, colored. . . . . 624,285-$5,295,979

N umber of new schoolhouses

.

Value of new schoolhouses

;

.

SCHOOL LIBRARIES:

Number of school libraries

.

N umber of volumes in school libraries

.

Value of school libraries

__

1, 107
13 1,059 80,471

FINANCIAL:
Receipts-

Amounts paid by State

$1,711,844 00

Amount raised by local taxation and from

other sources

, 1,068,952 00

Expenditwres-

Amount paid to county school commissioners

and to superintendents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,577 47

Amount paid to teachers

2,166,815 28

Amount paid for school supplies and buildings 288,598 27

Other expenses (incidental and administrative

not included above)

161,256 18

$2,763,247 20

Summaty of Reports of County School Commissioners for 1906.
(Schools not under local school laws. )

SUMMARY OF REPORTS OF COUN'l'Y SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS FOR THE YEAR 1906.
(Schools not under local school laws.)
NUMBER OF TEACHERS ..

WHITE.

COLORED.

I I Male. Female.

Total.

I I Male.

Female.

Total.

I I 2,012

3,596

5,608

I

750 I 2,102 I

2,852

GRADES OF TEACHERS.

FIRST GRADE.

SECOND GRADE.

I I White. Colored.

Total.

I I White.

Colored.

Total.

2,986 f

191 .. j 3,177

I 1,543

I 544 ,

2,087

Number of Normal Trained Teachers-White, 1,631 jColored, 336 j Total....

TOTAL.

Male. 2,762

I I Female.

Grand Total.

I I 5,998

8,460

-
THIRD GRADE.

I I White.

Oolored.

Total.

I 1,090

2,079

\

3,169

1,967



Number of pupils admitted duriNg the year.

WHITE.

COLORED.

TOTAL.

I I Male. Female.

Total.

I 124,968 120,516 1

245,484

Male.

Female.

Total.

\

\

I I 82,9!'i9

87,366

170,325

I Male.

Female. !Grand Total.

I I 207,927

207,88:!

415,8011

ATTENDANCE.
Average number of pupils in daily attendance.

WHITE.

COLORElJ.

TOTAL.



I Male.

Fema1p.

\

Total.

I I MalA.

Fpmale.

i

Total.

I Male.

Female. !Grand Total.

I 74,804

77,496

\

152,300

I I 42,062

50.698

92.760

I I 116,866

128,194

245,060

Number of schools: White, 4,308; colored, 2,530; total, 6,838.

MONTHLY COST.

Average monthly cost per pupil, $1.38; average cost paid by State; white, $1.25; colored, .60.

'rEACHERS' SALARIll:S. Average monthly salaries paid teachers.

FIRST GRADE.

SECOND GRADE.

THIRD GRADE.

Whitn.

Colored.

White.

Colored.

White

Colored.

$ 44 71

$ 24 32

$ 31 75

$ 20 53

I $ 25 33

$ 16 60

Number of visits made by the Commissioners during the ypar

.

Average number of days schools were kept in operation during the year by State funds

".

Number of school-houses in county belonging to county boards of education: White, 1,551; value,

$489,012.00; colored, 225; value, $a6,080.00. Total, 1,776; total value

.

$

Number of school-houses in county not belonging to county boards of education: White, 2.590; value,

$737,905.00; colored, 1,563; value, $167,330. Total 4,153; total value

"

.

Number of school-houses in cities and towns belonging to county boards: White, 64; value, $69,677.00

colored, 43 ; value, $9,\/05. Total, 107; total value. . . .. . . .

"

,

.

Number of school-houses in cities and towns not belonging to county boards of education: White, 291;

value, $902,850; colored, 155; value, $67,025. Total, 446; total value

.

Estimated value of other property

, . . . ..

..

Number of school-houses built in 1906, 2:!2; value '"

,.

8,897 117
525,092
905,235
79,462
969,875 212,116 186,5115

FINANCIAL STATEMENT-Receipts for the year:

Balance on hand from 1905. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .

,....

Amount of Treasurer's checks. . . . . . .. .

,....................... .. . '.

Amount from other sources

,

. $ 78,14J 26 . . . . .. . . 1,332,262 80
. 170,061 76

Total receipts.............. ,

'

.

.......



$ 1,570,40433

EXPENDITUltBS :

Salaries of county school commissioners. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . ..

Salaries of members of boards of education .. ,

.

Postage, printing and other incidentals, including teachers' institute

Amount expended in the purchase of school supplies and buildings

Amount paid teachers: White, $962,922.36 j colored,~262,567.03. Total

, , ., ,

.$ 80,759 26

.

12,468 21

.

26,062 47

.

92,324 66

'" 1,30lJ,31U :19

TotaL

.

...... $ 1,477,062 95

Balance on hand

.

. .... $ 90,636 70

LOXG TERM SCHOOLS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

882

Number of schools in rural 'districts giving high school courses, 441; number of pupils enrolled in

high school grades, 7,139.

LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEM: Number of local school systems, 116.
COLLEGES: Number of colleges, 40. Number of sehoul libraries, 704; number of volumes, 59,044 j value, $34,924.50.

BRANCHES OF STUDY TAUGHT.

ORTHOGRAPHY.

READING.

WRITING.

ENG. GRAMMAR.

GE"GRAPHY.

ARITHMETIC.

HISTORY. PHYSIOLOGY

AGRICULTURE.

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---- ----- ---- -------

- - - - - - - - --1---- No. Pupils. No. Pupils. No. Pupils. No. Pupils. No. Pupils. No. Pupils. No. Pupils. No. Pupils. No. PupIls.

----- ----- -----

---- -----

White .... . 217,298 207,453 200,807

95,952 102,314

:83,720

82,018

48,553

24,222

Colored...... 142,789 146,420 129,926

40,196

48,278

106,829

23,O1l7

15,230

5,948

Summary of Reports of Superintendents of Schools in Countiest Municipalities and Districts Under Local School Lawst 1906.

Summary of Reports of Superintendent~of Schools in Counties Under Local School Laws, 1906.

NUMBER OF SC1'\:OOlS.
White !colored! Total

NUMBER OF TEACHERS.

White.

I

Uolored.

I I Male !Female Total Male jFemale' Total

Male

.b...eE' - . TOTAL.
I ... ';;0... lFemale

'd a:>

0
...::.9

.... >::

~
.z.~

.0..-~

00
...

,a.:>cE_-<ll)i

>:: ... 00 a:>a:>"':: Ht-<~

S~o:l

Z:::lS...aE:>-l

GTroatnald

0
Z

~a:>g- ~0 ...::
pa:>m<)

>::0
~P-l
a:> a:> blip.. 00..,
<...1>'"0

<tl

380

I 278

658

194 1,293 1,487 117

488

605

31I 1,898 1 2,209 1,024 ...... $1.29

ENROLLMENT.

ATTENDANCE.

.e.,li
:a
E::
62,010

.-.<.d1.>
0
'0
0
I 38,449

....o..:.,l;
t-0<

.a.,i
:::a:

I 100,459 47.011

"C.a.::>.i
0
"0 0
I 26,670

".'@.,
~
I 73,681

* Incomplete.

Number of Pupils Number of Pupils Number of Pupils

in Primary

in Grammar in High School

Grades.

Grades.

G,rades.

74,040 (*i

19,896
(t)

6,523

t Includes some pupils in primary grades.

~
.0-:>0

[White

'0"

--"~*
~ "-, Value.
C71 0
0
-0
:;; Oolored.

::I: 0
,:.:.J. c::I:
<:1
'D 0;
0;'"
<":10to; 0I>-,.._.

.yj ~ <:l1 C71
--'8."..0

Value.
-_. Total Number.

~z
.O z Q.z..
.Q,
0

_00_

~
..~ ...

Cl)
C71

Total Value.

to 0
~
to ti

C>

0

<:l1

"l

0

<:l1 White.
0

'0"

------~ <0 e~ n Value.
~

::I: 0 0 0;"" 01:11 1>-0 to <:1

;; Oolored.
" --;;;;;-

t i '0"; 0'" "lz

c,.o

O':J
'0

Value.

~

0ti; .0, <:1b:l 00; 1.,>-,0...

"-<;To Total Number. "~'Szz

-Cl)

Q

~
., 00

ITotal Value.

c"

0

~

I C1l

-~

Number Built During 1906.

z
IIi 0;
o :l;

~...

"<:,10'" 0; IIi

-O':J
'0

Value.

~

<:l1

t>:l

" '00
t;'

0
..,-0:>0
0 00
"

Estimated Val-
ueof Other Property.

'0"
::I: 0

e~n Number.

,0... ,...

<:0

;

O':J
..<..0.
..<~ ,.0..

Number of Volumes.

.~..
~
[;J '!'

<:c
'8

Value.

o<:nIt

......

os 8(;

'"0" Balance on handl

Col' <:l1

from I\-l05.

c.<:>

O':J

tf
00

Amount of

f'chool Fund

...""

Received from the State.

~ .0..0.
"O':J
51>

Amount of School Fund

.=-
o

-'"c,.o Raised by Local

~

Taxation.

0;

.....

.,.l'.i.I
."
'!'

lC'/"O Amount Received

0..0..

from Other

.._._..:...-.._....'. -

Sources.

00

C/O

...'0
.....

Total Receipts.

g"";

:

~

"g*;

-.0..0..
r;r:>

Amount Paid to Superintendents.

~

*0"0

g<:l1
"

Amount Paid to Teachers.

""-
00
'0

ffl

'0 Amount Paid for

.Ok'>:J School Supplies ~

-l Cl)
e

and Buildings.

"b":l
<::-1

~

l'"'l

? .,Ii::

Other Expenses.

I!O Z

00

l'"

'!'

".....

~

.....

"""C/O

Total Disbursements.

i'oO
."...

en"O':J IBalance on hand.
~
.0...-.

f:gf:

Tabulated Reports from County School Commissioners. 1906.

TABLE No. l.
Number of Teachers; Grades of Teachers; Number of Normal-Trained Teachers; Average Monthly Salaries Paid Teachers.

TABLE NO. 1.
N umber of Teachers, Grades of Teachers, Number of Normal-Trained Teachers, Average Monthly ~alaries Paid Teacher.,;.

COUNTY
-

I NUMBER OF TEACHERS

GRADES OF TEACHERS

I----------;-.I----+-------,-----,--~--I

I NUMBER
OF NORMAL i TRAINED

AVERAGE MONTHLY SALARIES
II~'----PIA,I-D--T-E-A-C-H;E-RI-S-----

WHITE I COLORED

TOTAL 1ST. GRADE 2ND. GRADE 3RD GRADE TEACHERS 1ST. GRADE 2ND. GRADE 3RD. GRADE

irB ~ Jill ~ JI]~! ~ ~ ~ I~ ~ I~ ~ .~ .~ ~ I
- ,i I I I ] I I] I 1 I 1 I 11 II ] 111-; ~ I ~_'~_"" - ~ I "" _ ~~ ;> 0 ~ Ii:. Q Eo< Ii: , Q Eo< Ii: Q ~ ~ 8 I' ~' 1 8 ~ 8

1

1

Appling....................... 14 22' 36 71 51

~:~;,~ 1 ~~ Baker
Baldwin

26~'1

i12~

18 30

::::::.::::::::::::: 10 26!

4 14
~1 219~,

':'Berrien

40' 30' 70 8: 12

Brooks..

81 33, 41 171 18

Bryan.

21...... 21 15'......

Bullock....

53' 35 88 13 20

Burke.
gB:~udt~t~s:.:.:.::.:::::::::::::::

~ g 8' 29
11i 29

3t~7

1~7

~4~0

28 7 14

Campbe:I....................... 8 24 32 5 10

Carroll

71 60 131 14 23

Catoosa

12 16 28 11 2

Char' ton........................ 8 13 21 3 2

Chattaho,chee

2 12, 14 11 16'

Chattooga

8 34 42 5 7

8cIl:iny rc:h:~.:.:.:.:.:.: ~8:1 i~ Cherokee....................... 23 44 67 1 4

..::.:.:.:.:..:..::.:..:..:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.1"'1,";8'

i~~i, :::::~: 1~'

12 21127 48' 1211

18 10 26 36 8 2

n30

i~31

~57~

~6~0I

2~119 1 ::::::

20 481 42 90 351 1

35 25 51 76' 20 7

15 36...... 36112......

33 66 55 121 43'

gl ~5g7 251 6~~9 19~4~ 2~~1!'. ~

21 15

12 13

'

37 34

491' 10 21 47 30......

37 85 83 168 741 1

11 3 13 18 31 11......

5

15 26 13i 1

17 3 28 31 9,

12 13 41 54 ,1 23 1

i5~,
i&

24
~.~4i

~~4~~8I,

~~72
~~ 1

39
iit~

2
: :

13 111 6 17 13 5

10 10 8 18..... 8

220~ 18~1""44 112~ ~3 215~

36 20 5 25 15 14

11 27
41~2

192~'
37'

3 15 2
37

9 25 7 13 8 33

2~;,

18 71

U'''s[

5.
.3~

23 2.252
11~0 '''i'o i~6

3C 101 3 13...... 14

1176 26 2 28 31 34

8

8 93

14 31 4 7 5......

9 5 6 11

11

24 101 4 14 9 7 41 15 1 16 i3 2
i~ g! ~.2 i~ .... i~ 8 ....,.:~ ...i~ 2 1~.

111 18
8

161

31 71

19 11 181

$35001$2500 40 001 25 00

'$33500000

$22 20

50 00

$25

DO'

$1750 16 00

2i8~

112~

~11 1

21~31,

~4~0

00135 00
gg ":ii;ool

3~5

0~0~

20 00
":iO'OO

~25

00
gg

i1~8 ~00

29 30[

31 35 00 25 001 30 00 18 00 20 00 15 00

34 20 10 30 4500 25 OOj' 35 00 2000 2500 1500

20 14' 10, 24,1 4000 3000 2500 2000 1900 1600

41 22[' 4' 26 35 00

27 00

22 00 15 00

52 21 1.1 21 5000 1

4000 2000

1 1800

~~ 1....~ ~ ~~ i~ gg!..~~.. ~ 28 8

9 45 001 25 00: 35 00 18 001 30 00 15 00

gg

OO...1:..0.0i.:::::::::1 ..13..

14 8 2 10 4000 2000, 2800 18 DO' ......... 1500

65 27 2 29 40 00

12 3

3 40 25

132 00 25 00 27 50 20 00

34 22

i 25 051 23 70

5 51 1 6 40 00 25 001 25 00 16 00 20 001 15 00

11

40 00

30 00 18 00

i 16 00

16 91 4 13 40 00 30 001 35 00 25 00 30 DOl' 20 00

15............

45 00 45 00 35 00 35 00 20 00 20 00

i~ 1~1 ~l 2~ ~~..~ i~ 1~ ~~I....

k~

.~~

~1..~:127...05.0i1...3~7~....

8~?5.2~42.0..0oi.:.4:1:.:?::0i1.~2

gz
..0.0

Cobb

. 28 361 64 3' 25 28' 31

Coffee Colquitt

. 31 33 64 81 7 15 39 . 17 37, 54 4 6 10 21

Columbia Coweta

1I, .
.

4 12

~~

~~

~~ ~~ ~~

Crisp Crawford Dade
Dawson

t .
. . .

6 4 4
9

20
1t~8!

26 3
2~2~""'6I

12 17

2135t' 110~9

Decatur

. 23 40 63 6 51 57, 29

DeKalb

. 11 3748 1121211

Dodge

. 11 34 45 8 10 18 19

Dooley

. 7 28 35 3 31 34 10

Dougherty

. 1 15 16 8 26 34 9

Doug-las

. 10 18 28 6 6 12 16

Early

. 19,1 15 34 6 17 23 25

Echols

. 12 5 17 1 1 2 13

Effingham Elbert Emanuel.
;?annir.l Fayette

if ~il' : ~~~:' ~~ .
.

16 18,1

30,

46

. 28

I . 33
. 12

2 18 20 18

Floyd

. 15 66819243324

Forsyth

.

Franklin ;

.

Gilmer

.

Glascock .,

.

Gordon

.

Grady

.

g~i~~~1.::::::::::::::::::::::

23 14 27

3~~0i1 5~~3,

1 6

6' 30 1

4~i

if"~

1~1 33 50 9 21 32 131

42 611103 3'

i2

13~1

24 ...20

J8

2il

32 26

23 36'[ 19

12 15 45

Habersham

. 24 1 2 3 6 1 4 5 25

Hall Haralson Harris

~gl' ~~ ~~ . 37
. 25 .4

43

: 3i

25 6

Hart

. 23 51 74 7 23 30 30

54 Heard

. 2~ 13 41 7 13 20 35

HHoenursyton1.

15 11

39. 22 ' 33

16 11

30 53

46 31 64 . 22

Irwin Jackson

;

. 1.;

15 25

5204,1

39 75

6 5 11 21 8 17 25 33

~::?D~~i~..: ::: :::!

1~
10

29

39

13.

23

36

23 12

Jefferson

' 13 3141' 4271 :281 245 307 19

~~h~~~~

.

::::1

13 18

17 22

30 40

18 26 21 3 10 25

Jones

. 31 32, 35 6 25, 311 9

621 92' 40 79 43 64
43 54

16[ 47' 29. 1q

2 8
4

m20 2 1.....
i~ 1~1 ~

n.22 i~ 6

2il

52 24

2~1

14 22

1? 13 If
2C 2 23 14

58 84 29 ... 29 13 9 22 2 311 33 15

32 41[ 10 35 45 15. 16' 20' 7

t~7

1
1g0l'" "2.

i
10

1~~

~t~I'

27 23 3

4 3

6~ 1~ 17 26 8

89

9

91 120 28 3 31 18 6 24 18 48

4

1~1 "~I g, til 4" 60 16
4'. 63' 59 69 41 50 16

t~

6 ~~ t~

~~

6

10 16 22 ....

8 15

24 15

11

241 14

~~

1~ 2 1~ .... 4

24 40 121 1 13 10

32 57 18,

18 7

6 19 8: .. 42 66 10! ..

1~ 1~

12
5

12 6 12.
2~ 2~

1~91
16~

15 1~ 36

10 19
7

1 1
2

99 123 44'.

41 19 4 23 6 551 61 9

64 52

99 85

441 2 42 .

~~

i~

5 i~ 2~.2.o ~~"14 ::::::

32 49 23

24 9 2 11 5 9) 14 13 5

90 114 :13' .

33 16 5 21 32 27 59 2

32 56 16 ..... 16 25 1 26 12 2 14 8......

23 43 14, 1 15 11 56 56 28' ... 28 16

5 16 3 16 11

9 1

t~

1~ ::::::

13 21 5.

5549437 31

44 48

76 74

25 .. 20 1

252020256 21 15 4 19 15 2129,

~1

1~ 9

49 68 211 3 24 7 11 18 4,

26 10

73 118 42

4 2 4 3 4 4 2 0 1 1 31 20 14

16 41 18

1 8 1 8 1 1 9 3 4 7 22 1

51 94 30

30 20. ..... 20 30 14 44 18 .

26 51 19

19 15 1 16 12 5 17 8 1

64 70 26

2 6 6 2 8 1 3 5 36 8

74 104. 45 7 53 18 1 19 10 22 32 12

!~ ii:::::: 26 61 19
69 100 54 75 97 21

19 9

9 13 20

3 57 7 6 13 5 35

21639561

29 50 19 67 100 41 .

20 15 41 14

4

15 18

5 20

10 19

~g

~~

~

52 751' 18 8 26 6 5 11 15 23 38

16 28. 6 1 7 10 3 13 5 3 8 4 3

58 77, 22

22 14... 14 11 30 41 24 ......

121 g.... ?o5 56 1"
2f 50 3) 57 66, 15

2 ,

~~I

1~!

31 18

1~ 10

5 2~
S 23

28 7 31

10 1 17 2 11 .. ,...

25' 50 00 35 00135 00 ~O or 25 CO 15 00

15 40 00 25 00 30 00 20 C 25 CO 17 fO

22 33 00

30 00 18 0\ 27 00 15 00

371 42 30 23 33 35 67 17 [(

15 00

15 60 00 30 00 40 00 20 0' 30 ()(1 15 00

43500

2800.

250C 1500

3 45 00

40 00 25 I" 30 01 13 (0

2~ ~3~27g5g '29'00 ~2~85g0g '22'001,2~r50gg02i0~0g0g

t~ :g gg '22"001 ~~ gg '20'00 ~g gg, i~ gg

2g gg gg ~~ ~ ..3~.()O ~~ g?2~. ()OI t~ gg

gg .. 11 I 40 00 I 30 00 30 00 20 01 22 50/17 50

1~ I ~

~~ ~g i~ g~........ 16 00

91 2000 'IS'OO )

25.. ()O ..1~.()O

9 33 00

25 00 18 00 16 00 15 00

14 ~~ gg ..:1..?0 ~~ ggl1..l~.O.O ~g ~ 11 00

18

.

2 50 00 35 00 36 00 26 00 30 00 18 00

8

.

1~ 32 00

25 00

'20'00 20 00

4 ggl ~g 25 00 25 OO[ 20 00 20 00 15 00

2~ ..1:::.:.::: .~~.()OI::::::::
154 10 00 21 00 32 00 20 00

22 50 25 00

"1is7'o5o0

34 40 00 20 00 35 00 20 00 30 00 20 00

23 29 50

\26 00 25 00 22 50 13 00

18\40 00 ..

30 00 25 00 25 00 16 00

9 35 00

32 00 28 00 28 00 20 00

8 48 00

33 00 23 00 28 00 17 00

12 38 00 25 00, 29 00 20 00 20 00 16 00

ii I"~g'~ '~fggl'1f~ "~r~ ~g gg '~f~

~ ~ ~g:7..0.01 ~i ~ "25'00 ~~ gg ~~ ~

41 00 31 00 37 00 25 00 28 00 19 00 7 3500 3000275020002000 1500 24 37 50 18 75 37 50 18 75 37 50 18 75 11 49 50 22 50 38 25 22 00 28 00 17 50 19 4ll 00 30 00 32 50 25 00 25 00 20 00 11 43 00 28 50. 31 25 19 00 25 00 14 50

TABLE No. I-Oontinued.

NUMBER OF TEACHERS

GRADES OF TEACHERS

COUNTY

I I WHITE

COLORED

TOTAL

I

1ST. GRADE 2ND. GRADE 3RD. GRADE 1

11-"I " "uo0

b
Eo<

Laurens

_

':'Lee

,

I

I

_ 24 631 87, 11 12 23 35 75 110'1 68

5 7'1 12 5 21 1 26 10 28 38, 1"

8 1

76 16 11.

123''

29 2

1
3 2' 51 2 23 25

Liberty Lincoln Lowndes Lumpkin
Macon......... Madison
Marion McDuffie

21 7 19 16
3 16
7 5

14 35 2 13 ' 20' 5 24 43' 14 12:1
' 31821:
HI ~ 17' 24 2
24 29 5

35'
9:
:!
13' 12 1 23:

37 23
14 12
:~I' ~~I
22 25 14 9] 28 10:

49 22
37
A~
51 29 47

72 19

Q4 1
701

11 24

g~1

8 6

753~7611'

20 6
19

.. 19 . 11
3 27

. 7
9 7

2 3

'

11

9
t~

5
'2

29 10 23

34 10 25

. 8 14 1 15 7 2 9

3 9 6 4 10 3 17 20

. 20 19 .. 19 15 22 37

. 6 9 . 9 9 14 ~3

5 24 9 13 22 1 10 11

McIntosh

3 12 15 3 13 16 6' 25 31[ 3 2 5 4 1 5 8 13 21

Meriwether.................... 18 B4 52

Miller............................. 11 10 21

Milton.

9 28 37

6 22

4'
1\

1~

28
1~

24
~~I

~586

~?51
401

44 6 18

. 44 8 3 11 ..... 25 25

.6 18

9 4

2 .

1~1 1~

12 3

13 18

Mitchell.............

13 46 59

Montgomery..

26 31 57

Morgan

,.

10 45 55

Murray....................

14 32 46

Muscogee........

8 20 28

Newton

16 42 58

g~l~ilio~p~.:::::::::::::::::::
Paulding

~
351

~gi 181

29' 36
53

pckens.......................... ~~! ~~ 44

~~~E:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: l~i

Pulaski .

101

g~
45

46 43
51 55

17 Putnam

6 13 19

Quitman........................

17

Rabun

12 25 37

6'
6'
9 l' 3 5 7 9
7 . 5

3;J
3~
2
~l
1:r 36 2 1 8

39
~&I
3
~~
20 45
9 1 13

~~19, ~~

76

15/
~~

~

10 37161

15 661

~~I' 42
23 27 32

~~I

36 47

3 3

~~I

95 28

~~I

16 20

5 .

i~!

. 20

92 43, 3 46

46 1 14 1 15 81 21 2' 23

~~I 27 41 31 16 ...... [ 16 59 32 2 34

14 10 74
~~, ......9 1~1 1~
11' 10
t~1 ~
8'
81' 7

241
~~I
24 13 30 21 22
~!I

9
1~
6
4 1 4 1
~~

26 7
26 3 16 15 6 26
4
1
4

35 10 39 9 20 16 10 27 18 21
10

6 6 5 6 4 .

24 30
210111275
23 29 13 17
22

14 59
~~ 1159
12 36 4 30 121 27

.~~ ~I 73

43

~gl' 20 36 1 37

48 14 . 14

34 12 1 13

39 9

19

1, 5
t~L1 .~~

~il 1~
~I"i~

21 1)
11
2',
L
~

24 25
22 28
H
25 1

Report of 1905

Rockdale

! g' 21 :io, :i 1:i! 16 12/ 34 .1S 17 2 19 I> 4 !l 8 11011 18 4 2 6[35 75 24 50 23 50 18 50 ' 13 50 13 <II.

il~\:.: Schley
Screven :

. .

2~21

~g9

131 31

::.::::::::::1

3 8

21 16

Talbot. Taliaferr<.

:::::::::::::::::::::1

~

i~

~~111 1~1 ~1~4
44 2 10 241 8 31 24! 4 32
i~, ~~I i~

~1~5
12 39 36
i~

3~3 2~3~
151 41 11 52 121 48
Ii! ~~

2~~,
56 fi3 60
~~

~9i"'12. ~11~

23 3'1 26

19

19

20
~~

3, '6'

23
~~

1~
12 5 66
2

2~ 2~2 2~ 12 15 17 22 24 251 8
1~ 41 ::::::

~~
4 17 32
2~

~1~3
19 41' 32
2~

6
1631 10 15
1~

~2~
3 12
Ig

8 23i.

54~00~

00
\\00

30 00 :'2':5:::00:::

'~3'ofogooo

22~50~

0Og0gOI1223550o0o~0~

.

20 7 11\5

00 0088

I

00

13 43 00 26 00 36 00 23 00 27 50 17 5 I

271 48 00 35 00 35 00 25 001.... 20 00

U i~, ~~ 88iii"oo ~~ 58 ~~ 88"32'00 88

"'Tattnall.. . Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas

1~9 ~2i1 43~0. 2~61 2~201 ~13671' 4~1' 5~-7~1 2~~1 3~1 3~919 1~091 11~1 ~461 ~7~111g6 ~5 21~I"I: ~60~ ~2~5 O~O ~3~ ~280 ~257 ~1~5 45 45 90
1
"1 . . . 10 25 35

12 20 53, 57 110 40 ..... ! 40 22 5 27 28 15 43

212g7 22 30 181 471' 65 13)

b14ll

3 151

15 61 10 16 16 18 34

64 13 77113500 2500 2800 2000 2200 1500

0

00

080Z

\\000

88 001

0000

8080

8 2 10' 50 00 40 00 35 00 25 00" 30 00 20 00

Tift

. 18 18 36

8 10 20, 26 45 241 2; 26 9 .....1. 9 4 8 12 24 3 27!1 30 00 20 00 25 00 16 00120 00 14 00

Toombs Towns Troup Turner

.

22' 17 39

..... 6 27i 17 41

.

17 1'

2~

~~

1~

34

4~

~~I

5~! ~~

.

. 16 14 24 1 8 9 11'1 22: 3'3

U[23 11 24 8

92 46

1~ 1~ 11 12i 1~ 1~, 4~ 5~

81 :::::

8 20 4 1 5

24
~,
5

1 25' 3500 2500 30 00 1800 2500 1500

i,
2

4

~~30 00 gg :::::::::

2~5~

00 g8

~8 ZZI ~2~0 ~050

~1~5

00 88

Twiggs Union

1..... . 4 20 24
. 42 11 53

1

22

23

5 42' 47 42[1 111 53

13 1 15......

14 7 9 15' 21......

16 21

4 13 17 "'2"2'

211777

13

12

25

3424

50 00

.25.. 0..0.

33000000 ..2..0..0..0. 122560000

..1.5...0..0.

Upson Walker Walton

. . .

7, 28
~~i ~~

35
~~

4
1~

18 19

22 11 46, 57
~f ~~! ~~I ~~

24
~8"

3

24i 6
~g, 2~

2~

~~ ~ 6 5 .... 1 ... ... 1.0

4
~~

3 7 52 00

35 00

26 00 20 00

~ ~~ ~g 88 '30'00 ~g 88 ~8 ggr ~8 88 ~~ 88

Ware

. 20 20 40 2 5 7, 221 25 47 13 1 14' 20 3 23 8 1 9 2 .....4. 2 35 00 25 00135 00 25 00 35 00 25 00

Warren

! 8 20 28 16 10 26 24' 30 54 13 7 20 11 8 19 6 13 19 12 1 16 30 00 28 00 22 00 20 00 18 00 16 00

Washington ,

. 71 60 67, 14 44 58: 21! 104 125 36 1 371 14 9 23 17 48 65 38 10 48 50 00 22 00 40 00!18 001 33 50 15 00

Wayne
Web~Jter
Whi,e

. 19. 39 58 4 5 91 231 44 fi7 361 . 9' 12 21' 7 15 22 16, 27 43 8 . 171 6 23 3...... 3[ 20[' 6 26 10

2 38, 12 3 111 8
10 8

1 13 11 6 17 4 12 5 15 20 2 10 5 1 6

20 3 23 29 50 2300 22 00 2000, 20 00 1700

6...... 6;000 2500 30 001 20 OO! 25 00 1800

2..... 2 35 00

23001 18 00 1800 1600

Whitfield Wilcox

. 191 31 50 1 8 91 201 39 59 23

23 18 5 23 9 4 13

33 00

28 00120 00 25 00 16 00

. 20 15 35' 4 6 10 24 21 45 10 2 12 17 6 23 8 2 10 12 2 14 38 50 17 75 26 75 12 25 24 75 12 00

Wi}!{s
Wilkinson Worth

. 4 261 30 8 24 32[ 12' 50 fi2 241 2 26 6

. .

61 29 35 8 14 29 46 -..151 ~ ~

22 141 41 55 26., 35 ~ }01

14. 30.

14 12 30 25

=.!.i0 5 11 12

7

27 22

27 29

I

25 2.

5

30 48 00 2 40 00

2 27 20 24 44' .10

10 45 00

44 00 20 00

'[16 00

35 00

1 25 00 18 00

00120 00 ~_OO ~O

201235965608 750210228522762569884602936 19131771543 544208710)020793169 1631 336J967 4471 24.32 31.75. 20.53 25.38 16.60

"Report of 1905

TABLE NO.2.
Number of Schools; Monthly Cost; Number of Visits of Commissioner; Number of Days Schools Were Kept in Operation; Enrollment; Attendance.

TABLE No.2.

Number of Sehools; Monthly Cost; Number of Visits of Commissioner; Number of Days Schools were Kept In Operation; Enrollment i Attendance.

COUNTY.

NUlpber of Schools.

WHITE.

" ENROLLMENT.

ATTENDANCE.

~ ~~,8"" ~

J: - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - MONTHLY

COLORED.

TOTAL.

WHITE

COLORED.

TOTAL,

COST.

----.,---I--o-----I~...,c-_7. -:"""">,-

~

,rI~.l~S !w~. O~
. f~+.lS8 "2,.~8

- - - ---'--.::;~.o>.j.....r~~-!g'--=-~~--'-~7-1.~-...'--"--"6-9.,;-.o~.3.j'--7-34-~.-..;c,'-1,-42.~-.7..-'--2-2~~-86+--2-96~~~~5-22--::--:a.a-.)91-9-'-'1-a~1"-"s';0< -".3,"-:"0~g';-.~s.-;1-'9-49.-~.c.r'--4-4c-~G8ca.i0'---4-8:~31-'--=---:':"<9a1i2-1'--'-~~S1-3-c31'-~~--1-86-'-:~:-a. 31-9" -'-1; ~o 81-5j-7.-.3'-~..-.g-.~-~.6-67<O'rO>-!l~-::'-;~S:Ij,~Eo-j24<U-0O>0O-:~,'g.Q-&$~1-1-00<~~>-"0-u'd~--~$.Z0S-..1o-~o>~0.0-0~Z'0-$..-:<i~z1:8:ql -g37~6-8-:'>-:J---80

Appling.

50 21

~

Baker... . . 18 18 36 298 397 695 447 578 1,025 745 975 1,720 243 347 590 332 424 756 575 771 1,346 92 92 39 47 100 ~

Baldww....

19 25 44 591 530 1,121 971 1,168 2,139 1,56l 1,698 3,260 427 392 819 528 688 1,216 955 1,080 2,035 141 141 42 65 120

Bank.

36 11 47 1.269 1,177 2,446 335 305 640 1,604 1,482 3,086 663 645 1,308 188 156 344 851 801 1;652 1 16 85 70 91 120

Bartow. ':'Berrien

36 14 50 1,441 1,342 2,783 1,435 508 945 1,876 1,850 3,726 674 684 1,358 210 273 483 884 957 1,841

..

40 100

56 19 75 2,500 2,000 4,500 800 600 1,400 3,300 2,600 5,9001 1.000 2,000 3.000 400 600 1,000 1,400 2,600 4,000 2 00 1 00 60 100 100

Bro0ks

35 35 70 800 782 1,582 891 1,115 2,006 1,691 1,897 3,588 486 490 976 760 885 1,545 1,246 1,375 2,621' 1 20 1 00 50 70 120

Bryan ..

27 15 42 427 692 1,121 325 378 703 754 1,070 1,824 321 387 708 209 220 429 530 607 1,1371......... 1 25 90 60 100

But och. .
B~rke.

70 25 95 1,700 1,670 3,370 716 970 1,686 2,416 2,640 5,056 1,097 1,212 2,309 487 643 1,130 1,584 1,855 3,439.

.

91 120

27 57 84 660 538 1,198 2,200 2,552 4,752 2,860 3,090 5,950 418' 427 845 840 1,166 2,006 1,3,8 1,593 2,851 1 89 1 89 33 131 120

Butt"

21 21 42 896 872 1,7681 815 975 1,790 1,711 1,847 3,558 560' 555 1,115 295 398 684 855 944 1,799 1 40 1 34 41 87 160

Calhoun..

12 24 36 851 334 685 567 706 1,273 917 1,040 1,957 3U' 306 617 505 613 1,118 816 909 1,725 1 09 1 09 80 47 160

Camden

29 26 55 217 188 405 482 508 990 699 696 1,395 155' 137 292 292 284 576 447 421 868 2 00 2 00 50 80 100

Campbell

26 14 40 1,0JO 1,130 2,130 430 57<l 1,000 1,430 1,700 3,130 5211 548 1,069 250 268 518 471 816 1,287 1 25 1 10 35 54 100

i..~ ~ CarrOl!..::::::::: 78'122 100 3,301 2,755 6,056 842 768 1,610 4,143 3,523 7,666 2.]61 1,981 4,412 556' 399 955 3,017 2,380 5,397 1 40 1 00 70 60 140

Catoosa

1..

598 561 1,159 31 42 73 629 608 1,232 3251 320 645 19 26 45 344 346 690 1 08 1 081 09 40 100

Charlton..

28 406 398 8041 91 78 169 497 476 973 299: 34; 642 66 59 125 359 402 761 1 25 95 . . 42 120

Chattahvochee.

30 218 187 405 474 575 1,049 692 762 1,454 112 [ 120 232 230 283 513 342 403 745 1 00 81 20 60 120

Chattooga ........ 31 10 41 995 844 1,839 315 310 625 1,310 1,154 2,464 529 484 1,013 186 200 386 715 684 1,399 1 40 1 28 69 12 120

tZgl m Chervke0......... 49 4 53 2,134 2,038 4,172 125 135 260 2,259 2,173 4,432 1.280,1 1,123 2,403 72 78 150 1,352 1,201 2,553

.

81 100

g:~k~ '.:::::::: l~i t~ ~~I i~~ r~ ~gi :~~ ~~~ 1,~~~ ~~1 1'~i8 U~1

1~: ~~~ ~~~

~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~ 2 ~~ ~~ Ig~ t~~ >-:>

Clayton........... 25 15 401 855 690 1,5451 551 559 1,110 1,406 1,249 2,655 533 539. 1,072 280., 304 584 813 843 1,656[ 1 50 1 00 60 60 140

"Report of 1905.

Clinch ..
COhb....... Coffee

. .~~ "t~l)g

Colquitt

46 10 56

Columbia ......... 18 2g 46

Coweta

34 38 72

Crawford ......... 20 23 43

Crisp

22 15 37

Dade.....

19 1 20

1,280 1 160 2,440

2,078 1,7451 3,823

9271 887 1,814

1,363 1,379 2,742

Ij~g,

335,1 705 1,003 2,128

409 503

1

422 508

831 1,011

493 414 907

202 665 245 141
779 1,504
564 347 16

308 672
267 240 995 1,675 667 471 15

u n 5,010' 482 1,468 21,'743 1 2,427

512 1,172 1,154

i 381 1,504 1,619
1,774 1,149 1,330

3,179 1,231'

2'~~~1

2,678
I,O~9

818' 850' 979

31' 509 429

2,950 5,170
2,326 3,123 2,479
5307 2,062 1,829
938

D a w s o n .... Decatur,. DeKalb ....
Dodge ..... Dooly ..

23 44

1 49

24 93

664 1 648 1,101 1 1,162

1,312 2,263

14 1,208

18 1,392

321 078 1 666 2,600' 2,309' 2,554

1,344 4.863

30 10 40 1,192 1,099 2291 42 21 63 1,091 1 989 2,080 27 27 54 578' 624 1,202

296
603 748

i 360
639

1,264596111'4,689841:

1,459 1,628

2,947 3,322

952 I, 700 1,3~5 1,576 2,902

Dougherty....
Douglas............ Early ............... Echols .............. Effingham ........ Elbert

4 23 24
17
36 44

23
9 28
2 17 36

27 32 52
19
53

ooil ....932!

500 1.833

...... 342

720
~~~!1

920
227 576

1,640
505 1,197

I,Ogg, 370

1,802 .........

2,302

I 313 655 1,243' 1,245 2,488
811 1,811 1,720 1,731 3,451

25 47 300 252 552

480 850 9911 1,056 2,047

80 1,156: 1,009 2,165 1,039 1,121 2,160 2,195 2,130 4,325

Emanuel,. Fannin .....

.... ..... . ~:~M 60 311 90 2,020. 1,891

52

52 1,6201 1,600

~~.~'

~,~

1:.~~4

i:~~5

i:~t

5,715 3,220

Fayette ............ 29 12 41 1,084 910 1,994 344 426 770 1,328 1,336 2,654

Floyd

61 29 90 2.044, 2,399 4,443 700 805 1,505. 2,744 1 3,204 5,948

Forsyth... Franklin.

45 3 4811,6501 1,597 3,247 76 87 1 163 1'72611'684 3,410 27 14 41 1,086, 1,200 2,286 472 452 9'H 1,558 1,652 3,220

Gilmer..... G l a s c o c k ..

49 14

1 7

2510

1,

527 431

1

1,413 426

2,940 857

6 206

5 232

11 1,533 1,418 2,951 438 637 658 1,295

Gordon....

50 6 56 1 1,700 1,625 3,325 129 121 250 1,829 1,746 3,575

Grady .............. Greene............. Gwinnett.. .......

40 23 25 37 72, 12

631) 62 84,

1,118 599
3,340

1 1

1,117
609 2,676

2,235 1,208 6.016

675 1,100
350

757 1,450
395

1,432 2,550
745

1,793 1,699 3,690

1,874 2,059 3,071

3,667 3,158 6,761

Habersham...... 41 5 46; 1,0641 904 1,968 88 86 174 1,152 990 2,142

Hall ............. Haralson:~ ........ Harris.............. Hart................. Heard ..............

66 36 29 38 41

14
6 37 17 20

80' 2,402; 2,178

42 1, 778 1 1,521

~~I1

1 ~Z~I

602 1,273

61! 1:2441 1,100

4,580 3,299
1,178 2,678 2,344

390 291 1,082
540 627

340 327 1,460 758 603

730 598 2,542 1,298 1,230

2,792
2,069 1,658 1,945 1,871

2,518
1,848 2,062 2,031 1,703

5,310 3,917 3,720 3,976 3,574

Henry .............. 34 29 63 1,410 1,230 2,640 1,240 1,273 2,513 2,650 2,503 5,153

~5 ~~I Houston ........... 24 37
Irwin ............... 34 16 1

428 866 1,369 1,816 3,185 1,807 2,244' 4,051 670 1,354 360 344 704 1,044 1,014 2,058

Jackson............ 51 21 72 2,437 2,434 4,871 899 975 1,874 3336 3,409 6,743

Jasper.............. 25 23 48 532 470 1,002 1,075 1,212 2,287 1,607 1,682 3,289

Jeff Davis ........ 21 7 28 359, 358 717 91 103 194 450 4611 911

Jefferson ......... 31 27 58'

840 1,681 898 1,179 2,077 1,739 2,019 3,758

Jenkins............ 20 21 41 852481\ 459 987 584 745 1,329 1,112 1,204 2,316

Johnson ........... ~(me~ ..... ,..... ,.,.

31 30

18 31

49 1 ~1 1

982
490 .

911 1,893 455 945

3;;4 409 163 1,336 1,320 2,656 934 1,192 2,12~ !,424 1,6471 3,071

1,060 980 2,040 185

1,076 968 2,044 278

548 558 1,101 143

872 882 1,754 86

240 220 460 453

740 746 1,486 819

243 292 535 251:\

269 286 555 162

259 247 506 11

323 304 627

4

663 746 1,409 730

697 673 1,370 173

525 524 1,049 329

371 476 847 429

228 228 456 670

602 638 1,240 271

525 670 1,195 500

161 112 ~73

9

402 392 794 241

697 650 1,347 543

1,135 1,052 2,187 473

872 928 1,800 .........

542 582 1,124 110

909 654 1,563 290

826 797 1,623 39

652 840 1 1,492 283

826 932 1,753

4

200 2241 424 121

928 875 1,803 88

620 7641 1,384 339

425 407 832 699

1,503 1,538 3,041 105 529 4931 1,022 41

1,229 1,300 2,529 196

918 892 1,910 142

337 390' 727 507

728 900 1,628 260

805 729 1,534 390

910 840 1,750 570

288 318 606 773

610 590: 1,200 250

1,4861 1,660 3,146 416

368 338 706 579

209 218 427 64

505 529 1,034 583

315 521

285 516

1

600 1,037

341 190

33Q, 3151 645 481

290 317 202 151 597 875 323 236 11
5 901 212 370 557 700 249 603 10 305 581 536
113 439
43 316
4 144 68 402 710 118 44
200 212 693 331 344 520 1,234 243 483 616
66 675 446 196 547

475 1,245 1,270

595 1,354 1,285

345 686 760

237 958 1,033

1,050 697 817

1,694 1,559 1,621

581 501 615

398 431 522

22 270 258

9 327 509

1,631 1,393 1,647

385 870 885

699 854 894

986 1,370

...

800 .....

1,033

520 873 887

1,103 1,025 1,273

19 170 122

546 643 697

1,124 1,240 1,231

1,009 1,608 1,588

872 928

223 652 695

729 1,199 1,093

82 865 840

599 935 1,156

8 830 936

265 321 368

156 1,016 943

741 959 1,166

1,409 1,124 1,117

223 1,608 1,656

85 570 537

396 ......... .........

354 1,060 1,104

1,200 844 1,083

591 988 1,231

734 1,195 1,073

1,090 1,480 1,360

2,007 1,061 1,552

493 860 833

899 1,902 2,143

1,195 947 954

130 273 284

1,258 1,088 1,204

787 656 731

386 711 712

1,028 811 862

2,565 4 00 394 394 140

2,639 125 100 66 75

1,446 125 100 80 30

1,991 1 50 85 50 98

1,510 1 97 1 97 45 87

3,180 140 125 38 73

1,116 1 12 1 12 24 50

953 138 112 41 37

528.

20

636 95 95 90

3,040

......... ...... 52

1,755

1 10 60 80

1,748 1 18 84 44 65

1,833 150 128 40 60

1,826 ......... 2 00 42

1,760 120 100 80 54

2.298 125 1 00 60 75

292 1 08 98 29 38

1,340 1 10 60 47 66

2,471

III 46 170

3,196 ......... ......... ...... 160

1,800

1 14

41

1,347 1 25 1 20 70 ..

2,292 1 65 1 62 98 50

~'~I 1,706 100 100

35

2,091 87 87

2

1,766 .........

72

689 1,959

....... .........

'''i'46

I

00

42

2,125 1 10 100 40 65

2,243 ......... 1 61 50 95

3,264 .........

88

1,107 107 107 93 43

2,925 100 1 00 80 80

2,164 100 90 20 78

1,927 150 120 26 70

2,219 ......... ......... ...... 55

2,268 120 1 05 60 61

Z,840 1 45 1 45 80 90

} 2,613 ......... ......... ...... 90

1,693 1 60 4,045 .........

~gl

65 140 61 75

1,901 ......... 1 12 29 57

557 2,292

1 17 ......9\ ..~.~

25 91

1,387 ......... 1 77. 45 178

1,423 1 29 1 29 61 55

1,673 ....... 1' 1 88 <!? 61

80 140 100 160 100 140 130 120 100 120 120 100 120 120 120 120 140
80 140
100 120 100 110 100 130 120 100 100 100 100 100 120 110
120 100 120 100 100 140 140 100 120
100 80 100 120 110
12Q

~ 0:> ~

,"

COUNTY.

TABLE No. 2-ContinuE'd.

's......

Number of Schools.

ENROLLMENT

ATTENDANCE.

I--------------------~ I I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c " - - - - - - -

MONTHLY

&:

WHITE.

COLORED.

TOTAL.

WHITE.

COLORED

TOTAL.

COST.

-------1--,----- 11-------,----

~

Laurens 1:Lee Liberty

1
. 68 29 97 1,673[ 1,836 3,509' 750

.

9 25 34 197 209 406 711

. 35 37 72 478 536 1,0141 599

981 1,731 2,423 2,817 5,240 1,052 1,026 2,078
963 1,674 908 1,172 2,080 182 196 378 777 1,376 1,077 1,313 2,390 335 317 652

397 412 367

4~ 5~I6'

Lincoln

. 20 14 34 464 385 849 361 485 846 825 870 1,695 358 289 647 230 328

Lowndes

. 33 24 57 943 836 1,779 868 973, 1,841 1811 1,809 3,620 495 563 1,058 394 434

Lumpkin

. 28 3 31 539 469 1,008 33 34 67 572 503 1,075 288 253 541 25 25

Macon

. 15 24 39 253 240 493 633 799 1,432 886 1,039 1,925 148 150 298 307 364

Madison

, 39 18 57 1,463 1,334 2,797 618 659 1,277 2,081 1,993 4,074 780 771 1,551 227 282

MMcaDriuofnfie1.

24 24

14 25

38 49

539 445

453 409

992 854

443 612

554 997 982 1,007 1989 806 1.418 1,057 1,215 2,282

338 302 640 302 318 321 308 629 410 582

McIntosh

. 10 15 25 140 150 290 401 570 971 541 720 1,261

95 108 203 283 406

Meriwether 1 46 28 74 1,297 1,260 2,557 1,122 1,338 2,460 2,419 2,598 5,017 747 944 1,691 570 677

Miller

. 21 14 35 500 450 950 300 250 550 800 700 1,500 380 200 580 300 175

Milton

. 21 2 23 929 817 1,746 56 61 117 985 b78 1,863 ':'425 ':'375 ':'800 "'45 "'38

Mitchell

. 40 32 72 1,181 1,179 2,360 808 1,038 1,846 1,989 2,217 4,206 738 789, 1,527 585 633

Montgomery . 44 14 58 1.241 1,242 2,483 837 392 729 1,578 1,684 3,212

Morgan

. 25 30 55 680 573 1,253 1,065 1,291 2,356 1,745 1,864 3,609

709 407

~~~I

1,469 801

212 508

244 648

Murray Musc6gee

.. 40 2 42 1,055 . 18 18 36' 470

925 1,980 446 916

44 596

41 85 1,099 966 065 686 751 1,347 1066 1,197 2,263 1 343

543' 1,229 349' 692

30 306

32 315

Newton

. 25 24 49 1 ;012 1,011 2,023 904 969 1,873 1,916 1,980 3,896 618 643 1,261 489 519

Oconee Oglethorpe. Paulding Pickens

.
. .

22 31 45
35

15 36
9
2

371 577

1,196 638 653 1,291 1,215 1,272 2,487 , 364

~~~I 67 752

1,459 1,045 1,335 2,380 1,797 2,042 3.839 1 455

54 1,871 1,523 3,394 222 201

2,093 1,724 3,817 1,102

4~1 37 1,086 1,006 2,092 52 38

1,138 1,044 2,182 547

397 761 499 954 954 2,056 497 1,044

280 1'
571 109
27

333 726 104 17

Pierce

. 36 10 46 865 849 1.714 199 230 429 1,064 1,079 2,143 697 575 272 154 170

Pike Polk Pulaski..

. 32 27 59 1,025 1,012 2,037 . 27 14 41 856 1,168 2,024 . 36 25 61,1 1,154 1,069 2,223

979 1,228 2,207 1 2,004 2,240 4,244
302 312 614 1,158 1,480 2,638 806 1.097 1,903 1,960 2,166 4,126

640 514

670 817

111,,'3331101

501 151

662 187

636 589 1,225 389 529

Putnam

. 15 26 41 303 289 592 833 1,101 1,9341 1,136 1,390 2,526 195 202 397 409 537

.. Report of 1905.

1,449 1,555 3,004 $1 37 $ 1 37 $ 44 16 100

694 888 1,482 73 73 33 25 100

702 768 1,575 ,

. 172 160

588 617 1,205 1 51 1 25 55 50 120

889 997 1,886 81 81 25 75 120

313 278 591

.. 50 100

455 514 969184184 60 32 100

1,007 1,053 2,060 1 48 98 63 140 140

640 620 1,260 1 62 1 38 44 67 120

731 890 1,621 61 61 27 49 100

378 514 892 187 187 34 47 100

1,317 1,621 2,938.......... .. . 76 120

680 375 1,055

.. 22 100

':'470 413 '883

..

50 120

1,323 1,422 2,745 1 50 1 08 70 60 105

921 ' 1,004 1,925 .. ....... 1 35 80 100 120

914 1,043 1,957 .

1 76 55 58 100

716 575 1,291 90 90 80 60 70

649 1 764 1,413 73[ 73 20 55 160

1'~2Ii

1,162 730

2,269 1 60, 1 30 1,374 ........ 1 1 06

28 66

68 70

140 100

1,026 1,225 2,251 1 30' 1 30, 50 135 140

1,211 1,058 2'2691 80' 80 70 10 100 574 514 1,088 1 02' 1 021 02 16 110

851 745 1,596 1 25 1 87 58 67 100

1,141 1,332 2,4731 1 35 93 28 120 120

665 1,025
605

1,004
1'~~~1

g:~,
1,343

~~
2 78

~ ~~
2 55

~~

36 103

45 60

140 120 140

Quitman........... 10 12 22 Rabun.............. 30 2 32

112 708

96 2081 2931 395 692 1,400 30 31

688 61

406 738

491 896 723 1,461

73 450

65 401

138 851

113 23

185 17

298 40

186 473

250 418

436 891

2 69 75

2 691 79 75 60

28 1 46

110 90

Rockdale

13 14 27 499 491 990 384 405 789 883 896 1,779 272 281 253 213 252 465 485 533 1,018 1 45 1 30 50 50 110

~~~~~~;;...:::::::::: 4~ 3~ ~I

~~

~~ 1,~~

~~~ 1,~~~ ~,~g~ 1,~~ d~~ k~~~

~~t

~~ d~~

~~g

~~ 1,~Zg "i","<iii3 'i"3i's 2,m ~ g~ t ~~ ~i 1~~

160 110

Spalding

20 20 40 569 590 1,159 611 670 1,281 1,180 1,260 2,440 461 420 881 419 459 878 880 879 1,759 1 00 72 40 73 130

Stephens

24 8 32

Stewart........... 19 36 55

500 298

697 1,197 100 144 244 600 841 1,441 309 607 1,209 1,476 2,685 1,507 1,785 3,2lr-

300 177

460 167

760 344

100 583

138 238 759 1,842

400 760

598 998

.

1

926 1,686 1 50 1 50 50 60

90 130

Sumter

24 30 54 506 453 959 1,252 1,604 2,858 1,758 2,057 3,815 349 330 679 698 879 1,577 1,047 1,209 2,256 1 87 1 55 50 130 160

Talbot

23 29 52

Taliaferro......... 14 18 32

458 280

449 264

907 1,071 1,295 2,366 1,529 1,744 3,273 544 545 688 1,233 825 952 1,777

360 202

353 202

713 404

696 841 1,537 1,056 1,194 2,250 1 64 1 64 25 23

308. 399 707 510 601 1,111

1 18 35 48

120 160

:Tattnall.......... 70 20 90 1,853 1,752 3,605 386 473 859 2,239 2,225 4,464 1,053 1,103 2,156 198 509 707 1,251 1,612 2,863

1 05 45 103 100

Taylor.............. 25 19 44 755 802 1,557 701 781 1,482 1,456 1,583 3,039 503 561 1,064 384 473 857 887 1,034 1,921 1 25 95 72 81 110

Telfair

*44 *13 *57 605 705 1,310 250 340 590 855 1,045 1,900 300 500 800 200 250 450 500 750 1,250 2 20 1 75 1 25 80 120

Terrell............. 21 23 44 Thomas........... 33 38 71

405 921

507 912 943 1,864

840 1,029 1,869 1,245 1,536 2,781 986 1,286 2,272 1,907 2,229 4,136

301 649

649490 1

741 1,348

537 587

635 1,172 838 1,075 1,913......... 1 79 47 44

712 1,299 1,236 1,411 2,647..

.

70

160 100

Tift.................. 22 7 29 503 573 1,076 213 242 455 716 815 1,531 300 370 670 126 158 284 426 528 954 1 60 96 65 28 110

Toombs ..... ...

23 7 30 711 725 1,436 154 200[ 354 865 925 1,790 418 434 852 98 133 231 516 567 1,083 1 45 1 20 60 72 100

Towns.............. 23: 1 24

Troup

22 36 58

670 625

641 1,311 1,2881:1 7 15 678 648 1,326

521 1,146

1,458 2,739 1,906 1,979 3,885

371 366

356 331

727 697

6 685

5 11 377 361 738 1 00 1 00 80 42 818 1,503 1,051 1,149 2,2001 1 91 1 82 46 .

100 160

Turner............. 24 9 33

Twiggs.

19 18 37

473 316

481 352

954 668

132 533

151 283 711 1,244

605 632 1,237 849 1,063 1,912

314 161

319 195

633 356

98 208

112 349

210 557

412 368

431 545

843 1 45 88 67 83 913 1 84 1 84 53 125

100 140

H;~~~:::::::.

it "'19 ~ 1,~g~ 1,~~~ U~f "i;027 .. 795 "i;S22 g~ t::~t ~:~~~ Ii~ ~~I 1'~~Z"377 537 914 ll~ ~~ U~

ft ~1 1 ~~ '''46

100 160 ~

Walker Walton

53 11 64 1,825 2,130 3,955 43 25 68 1,627 1,741 3,368

408 270 678 2,238 2,400 4,638 1,348 1,6961 3,044 941 1,059 2,000 2,568 2,800 5,368 1,443 1'4625471 3,100

306 321

204 389

610 1,654 1,900 3,554 1 20 51 51 118 710 1,764 2,046 3,810......... 100 62 130

110 0"> 110 -:(

Ware

52 14 66 500 587 1,086 120 127 244 620 704 1,324 350

774 58 100 158 408 524 932 2 00 1 751 25 60 90

Warren............ 22 24 46 412 394 806 925 1,019 1,938 1,337 1,407 2,744 275 305 580 660 639 1,199 835 944 1,7791 200 1 60 56 52 100

Washington..... 40 41 81 1,222 1,177 2,399 1,601 2,019 3,620 2,823 3,196 6,019

Wayne............. 54 10 64 1,008 980 1,988 164 192 356 1,172 1,172 2,344

Webster

14 17 31 254 252 506 438 435 873 692 687 1,379

713 633 152

748 1,461 634 1,267 167 319

754 112 248

1,049 1,803 129, 241 265 513

1,467 745 400

1,797 763 432

3,265 1'850382

1 1

1 92 112050

1 90 110
90

40 120 98 12 55 31

160 100 160

White

20 3 23 716 657 1,373 64 61 125 780 711 1,491 358 327 685 29 34 63 387: 361 748' 1 00 1 001 00 . 100

Whitfield

41 7 48 1,251 1,136 2,387 140 107 247 1,391 1,243 2,634 675 634 1,309 80 65 145 574505 5679491 1,454 1 14 88 69 60 100

Wilcox............. 34 14 48 838 762 1,600 189 229 418 1,027 991 2,018 430 4391 869 110 135 245

1,114 91 69 45 35 100

Wilkes......... Wilkinson
Worth

24 32 56 640 662 1,202 830 877 1,707 1,470 1,539 3,009

~32 ~19 ~51

672 1,027

~ 745

1,417 1,981

~ 593

~ 625

1,218 1,195

1,265 1,577

1,370 1,599

2,635 3,176

407 372
518

~44I5030 1

860 772
1,032

492 506

393 301

~ 325

998 899 959' 1,858 1 15 1 15 36 100

718 692

~ 765

~ 725

1,490 87 1,724:.....:..:.::.:

87 110

~37I1~00

120 110 120

43082530)16838 124968 120516 245484
I

82959187366 170325I'207927I207882 415809

74804

77496 152300
I

42062

50698

92760 116866 128194 245060\$ 1 38 $ 1 25 $ 60 8897
I

117

" Report of 1905.

TABLE NO. 3. Schoolhouses and Other School Property.

370

TA.BLE No.3-Schoolhouses and Other School Property;

Number of Schoolhouses in County Belonging to County Board of Education.

COUNTY. .;<:l:l .<: ~

.,j

oJ
~ >

<ll
~
u

~

'S

. ." oJ

Z

>"

'0
Eo<

..>"o..J
b
Eo<

I Appling ..............
Baker..................

30 $ 13

1,500 2,200

0000;I

211r$

25 00 200 00

31 $ 1.525 0011 15 2.40000 i

~:~~l.~.::::::.:. :::... .....1Z. .....~'.~O.O..Ol::r::::::::::::: .....1Z. 4,OOOOOil

':'Bartow ......... ..... 27 8,300 00 1 30 00 28 8.330 00

io ....i:soooo jl. . . "Berrien.............. 25
~~~s .................:::..:...: .. ..

5,000 00 ..... ............... 25 5.000 QO
l.. i2500 ....ii "''1:925'00

BuHoch...... ......... 18 8.000 00 ..... ............... 18 8,00000

Burke ................. Butts ..................

.....1..4.

......5.,.6..0.0....0.0.

....1.

......1..0.0...0..0.

.....1..5.

....5..,7..0..0...0.0.

Calhoun .............. 3 2,500 00 1 25000 4 2.75000

*Camden ............ Campbell ............. Carroll ............... Catoosa............... Charlton.............. Chattshoochee ...

12
3 8
.....1..0.

......1.,.'7..0.0....0.0.
300 00 4.00000
......1...4..0.0....0.0.

............2... ..........

15000
............................................................

14 1,850 00
.. .. 3
300 00 8 4.00000
........10 1,40000 >

Chattooga ........... Cherokee ............. Clarke................. Clay .................... Clayton............... Clinch ................. Cobb.................... Coffee ................. Colquitt ..............

. . J~I.~ :}:::~:~:~}~ 3 . 1,200 0T'" ...............
19
10 2

22
24 15 14

2,800 004

11,600 00 .....

6,00000 7,000 00

..........

......4..0..0...0.0.
..............................

3 1,200 00 20 6,70000 15 9,500 00
2 1,500 00
26 ''s;iioii'oo
24 11,600 00 15 6,00000 14 7.00000

Columbia ............
Coweta ............... Crawford............ Crisp ..................
Dade .................. Dawson............... Decatur ..............
DeKalb .....c.~........

.......9. .......2.
........
10
........
-~ -13

.....1..,.3..0..0..0..0. ........9..0..0..0..0. ................. .....2....5..0..0..0..0.
- 8.000 00

....1. ..... .....
.....
..... ... .-..-

........................7......5......0......0... ...............
................-..-........-..'....

10
........
2
.........,...... 10 13

....1..,.3..7..5.0..0. .......9.0..0..0.0.
2,500 00
'''8;000'00

Dodge ................. Dooly ...................

24 6

3,00000 1,400 00

....2.

......3..0..0...0.0.

26 3.300 00 6 1.400 00

DOul!herty........... Douglas ..............

2 14

500 3.000

00 00

..1..0.

....2; ,..5.0..0..0..0.

12 3,00000 14 3.00000

Early .................. 16 12.000 00 5 1,000 00 21 13.000 00

Eehols................. Effingham ........... Elbert .................

7 3
3

1,500 00 300 00
1,50000

........1..

................7....5....0....0..

8 1,575 00 3 300 00 3 1,500 00

Emanuel ............

.................

Fannin ............... Fayette...............

15 1

1,80000 50000

..........

..............................

15 1.800 00 1 500 00

Floyd.................. Forsyth Franklin::::::::::::::

45
4 3

12.500 00 800 00
2,00000

........3..

.............4...5....0....0....0..

48 12,95000 4 80000 3 2,000 00

Gilmer................. 38
G l a s c o e k ............. .........
Gordon .............. 2

......6.,.0..0.0....0.0.
50000

........1..

.............1....0....0...0....0.. '.....3..29.

....6...1..0.0....0.0.
500 00

Grady ................. Green ................. Gwinnett ............

11 20

....2':00000
12,00000

..1..0.

.."1;iiOO '00
...............

21 ....3;00000
20 12,00000

Habersham ......... 26 4,500 00 1 30000 27 4,800 00

Hall .................... Haralson ............ Harris.................

14
3 6

4.200 00 60000 75000

....2.
.....

200 00
..............................

16 4,400 00
3 600 00 6 75000

... Hart....................
Heard ................. Henry ................ Houston ..............

~

21
....2.
23

3,400 00
........2..0.0...0..0. 13,800 00

....1.
....1.

......1..0..0...0.0. ......1..0..0...0.0.

22 3,50000
2 20000 1 100 00 23 13,800 00

Irwin .................. Jackson..............

25 8

5,000 00 7,00000

....1.

.......1..0.0..0..0.

26 5,100 00 8 7,000 00

Jasper................. Jeff Davis...;........ Jefferson ............ Jenkins...............

10 18 3 2

3,000 1,000
900
900

00 00 00
00

....5.
..... .....

............1...,...2......0......0........0....0...

15 4,200 00
18 1.000 00 3 900 00 2 90000

''Report of 1905.

Number of Schoolhouses in County Not Belonging to County Board of Education.

,.;

.<cll

oJ

]
~

.oaJ >"

'ti
~
-
U

.oaJ >"

S
Z"
:3
0 Eo<

~
:3
~

19 $ 28000 20 $ 15000

5 500 00 16 1,280 00

8 1.500 00 4 500 00

36 35

5,800 4.000

00 00

.....1..1.

......8..0..0...0.0

31 2,00000 19 1,000 00

35 3.500 00 35 500 00

17 6.500 00 14 600 00

50 19,000 00 25 2.500 00

13 5.200 00 41 12,300 00

20 3.000 00 6 60000

7 3,200 00 7 1.350 00

12 90000 3 30000

25 3,00000 4 20000

74 16,65000 10 50000

15 4,00000 3 400 00

12 30000 3 100 00

10 1.000 00 4 250 00

2 27

6.000 00 7.00000

.......9.

1.000 00

3 45000 1

6000

7 1,200 00 3 30000

25 12,000 00 15 400 00

20 30

2.00000 17.350 00

.......6.

30000 ...............

28 31

3.500 12.400

00 00

.......7.

......6..0..0..0..0.

7 33

1.150 18,000

00 00

.....1..0.

......9..5..0..0..0.

18 19

3,600 5,700

00 00

.....2..3.

....2..,3..0..0...0.0.

18 10

9,000 1,200

00 00

.......1.

......1..0..0..0..0.

44 16,000 00 49 1,500 00

17 9,50000 10 1,000 00

19 2.50000 16 1,00000

19 6.50000 9 400 ~OO

1 250 00 11 6.000 00

14 50000 6 200 00

10 2,00000 8 500 00

6 600 00 2 20000

35 4,900 00 17 375 00

41 6,50000 32 2,000 00

60 37

20,000 4,000

00 00

20 ......"

.......6..0.0..0..0.

29 1.600 00 11 2.000 00

7 4,00000 24 3,500 00

:.~\ ~;;:.: 41 5,00000

31 15.000 00

6 14

1,000 2,800

00 00

....

....

38 12,000 00 3 500 00

41 7.20lL00 21 1,575 00

9 2.125 00 20 2,00000

52 25.00000 10 1,000 00

4 1,50000 2 200 00

50 20.00000 12 1,200 00

20 3,00000 4 200 00

24 4,600 00 34 1,600 00

16 3,000 00 4 300 00

39 5,000 00 20 500 00

34 55,000 00 27 2.400 00

1 200 00 37 3.700 00

8 800 00 15 1,000 00

37 16,875 00 13 3,975 00

12 1,500 00 4 300 00

28 ''''4;000'00

10 250 00 25 2,00000

16 3.500 00 19 1,150 00

39 $ 43000

21 1,78000

12 2,00000

47 6,600 00

35 4,000 00

50 3,600 00

70 4.000 00

31 7,100 00

75 21,500 00

54 17,500 00

26 3,600 00

14 4,550 00

15 1,200 00

29 3,200 00

84 17,150 00

18 4,400 00

15

40000

14 1,250 00

38 7,000 00

27 7,000 00

4

510 00

10 1.50000

40 12,400 00

26 2,30000

301 17,35000

35 4,10000

31 12,400 00

17 2.10000

33 18,000 00

41 5,900 00

19 5,700 00

19 9,10000

10 1,200 00

93 17.50000

27 10,500 00

35 3.50000

28 6,90000

12 6,25000

20

70000

18 2,500 00

8

80000

52 5,27500

73 8;500 00

80 20,600 00

37 4,000 00

40 3.600 00

31 7.50000

43 5;05000

47 16.60000

6 1.000 00

21 4,00000

41 12,500 00

62 8,77500

29 4,12500

62 26,00000

6 1.700 00

62 21,200 00

24 3,200 00

58 6,200 00

20 3,300 00

59 5,500 00

61 57,400 00

38 3.900 00

23 1,800 QO

50 20,850 00

16 1,800 00

10

25000

53 6,000 00

2/i 4,650 00

371

Number of Schoolhouses Built During 1906.

Number of Schoolhouses in Cities and Towns Belonging to County Board of Education.

Number of SchoolhmIses in Cities and Towns Not Belonging to County Board of Education.

Schoolhouses Built
During 1906.

"i ....80000 ::: :::::::::::::: "i

'3 "'3;600'00 2..50000 '5 '''4:i'00''00

1 3,000 00

1 3,000 00

1 40000

1 40000

"i ....35000 's 50000 '4 ....855..00

I
~:' H~:HH ;: :./:.:.:..~. HHH"H:

"i ......500..00 ::: :::::::::::::: 'i ......50000

"2 "i'7;500'00 ::: :::::::::::::: '2 "i'7:500'00

... 2

!;ijoii'00

..........................................................................................................".,..................
....,..........,,...........,.............................................................................................................................................................".,,,,"......................
...................................................

"'2 ....20:00000 ::::: ::::::::::::::: ..2 "20;000'00

2 15,000 00 4 4,000 00 1

2 15,000 00 500 00 5 4,500 00

"'1 ......2:00000 '''1 ...... 25..00 ..2 "'2:025'00

2 8,000 00 1 1 5,000 OU
.

200 00

3 8,200 00 1 5,000 00
.

....i:500..00

2 1 1. 8 5 1 6
1 2
5
"'1

27500 200 00 50000 5,700 00 1.00000 500 00 4,17500
200 00 1,300 00
oo 1.00000
i'.ooo..

....................................,

.. '''2 ......9:00000 "'2 ......57500 ....4 ''''9;5'75''00 2,500 00 "'2 .... 500..00

"2 80000 ::: :::::::::::::: '2 ......80000 3 3,000 00 2

'i 500..00 ::: :::::::::::::: "i ....500..00 '''5 ....2:00000 '''2

....................................................

.................................... ....................................

, ,

'"

,

. ...

2 4
6 2

2,000 00 25,000 00
6,500 00 3 7.000 00 ..

400 00 5 3,400 00
7'0000 ....'7 '''4:7'00''00

.....1..,.0..0.0...0..0.
800 00

3
"'s

........

..i6;i.6;(0io0o0o0

600 00

2 2.000 00 4 25,000 00
9 7,100 00 2 7,000 00

1.00000

1,500 00 1

30000

2,000 00 "'1 ..............500..00

2,800 00

25000 1

1.500 00

'"

,.

.......,.....................................................................,.................................

'''8
2
'''1

....'2'9:40000
8,000 00
....i5:ooo00

"28
1
:::::

"'2:400'00
8.000 00
:::::::::::::::

"'36
3
....i

"33;8Oii'00
16,000 00
"i5;000'00

.::.:..:.:.:.:.:.:.:.::.:.:.:.:.:.:..'.2...".i.'..2..5.0..0..0...'2,

'''i;ii50'00.

2
"'6

2,000 00
....2Iooo00

'''6

"'Iooo'oo

2
'''i2

2,000 00
"22;000'00

2,00000 3

17,600 00

"'s .......... 2,00000 4
1,200 00 4,860 00

2,000 00
22.20000

1,000 00 1

300 00

150 00

2,500 00 "'2 ................00000

::: ::::::::::::::: ::: ::::::::::::::1::: ::::::::::::::: 1 8.000 00 1 2,000 00 2 10.000 00 50000

COUNTY

372
Number of Schoolhouses in County Belonging to County Board of Education.

Number of Schoolhouses in County Not Belonging to County Board of Education.

... . fi~~~::::.:::::::::::: i~$ Hgg ~ .I~I~ ~~ ~

~~ i:m ~ .~1 ~ 2~ $

$ li:!gg .... $'''i:::':

~ $ 1~:a gg

~~~::::::::::::: :~ ::~ ~ .~~ . .~::.: :~ ::t~ ~ ~ ~:~ ~~ ~ i~ H~ ~ *Lee.................... 8 10000 00 31 800 00 11 10.800 00

2.~gg ~ "'11 ..50000 1 350 00
gg ggg

Lumpkin...

25 5.000 00 2 200 00 27 5.200 00

4 400 00 1 150 00

5

550 00

Macon

4 1,200 00

4 1,200 00 12 2.400 00 27 1.700 00 39 4.100 00

B~i~;;::::::::::::: .. ~~ ...~:.~.~I:::~ ::::::~~~.:~. fs ~:~gg ~ .....~~ .J~~. ~.~ ~~ ~~?. ~ .. J~ ~:.~.~

MMecrIinwtoesthhe..r.................... 81 1,6000070000 7 1.83500 ....115 .... 2':69040'20000 ..45 "j2.5OO00 28 2..5.00.. 0..0 ....7..3 1..5..0..0.0...0..0.

Miller.................. Milton Mitchell

10. 2,000 00 4 12 &,500 00 20 5.600 00

500 00 14 12
;.. 20

2.500 00 8,500 00 5.600 00

13 2,000 00 9 2.100 00
11 2.000 00

10 1.000 00 2 100 00 8 800 00

'23 3.500 00 11 2.200 00 19 2.800 00

Montgomery........ Morgan................ Murray.........

14 20

4.000 00 14.000 00

1
3'

.. 800 00

16 4,000 00

14 4.000-00 23 14.800 00 16 4.000 00

24 7,00000 7 3.500 00 12 4.000 00

9 2,000 00 24 5 000 00 1 100 00

33 9.000 00 31 8.500 00 13 4.100 00

Muscogee............ Newton

16 7

6.800 7.000

00 00

..

1..1

1,200

00

16 8

6.800 00 8.200 00

Oconee

5 2,75000

:......... 5 2.75000

Oglethorpe.

26 2,800 00

26 2.800 00

Paulding

22 4.975 00

22 4.975 00

3 2.400 00 15 5.500 00 17 3.500 00 2 200 00 21 1,270 00

6 700 00 9 1,10000 36, 1.800 00 7 500 00

3 2.400 00 21 6.200 00 26 4,600 00 39 2,000 00 28 1.770 00

Pickens Pierce

15 6,400 00 32 3,500 00 2

15 6.400 00 200 00 34 3.700 00

12 2,280 00 .. 2 1.000 00 3

200 00

12 2.280 00 5 1.200 00

Pike Polk Pulaski............... Putnam Quitman..............

17 6.500 00

18 9.000 00

36 13.260 00 19' 2,425 00

7 2,500 00

3

500 00 5 750 00

17 6.500 00 18 9.000 00 55 15.685 00
7 2.500 00 8 1.250 00

9 1.800 00 4 800 00
7 2,000 00 6 900 00

9 1.400 00 14 850 00 8 850 00 24 3,000 00 3 200 00

18 3.200 00

18 1.&50 00

8

850 00

31 5.000 00

9 1.100 00

Rabun

5

500 00

5

500 00 25 15.000 00 2 200 00 27 15.200 00

Rockdale

2 2.500 00

2 2.500 00 10 5,000 00 7 500 00 17 5.500 00

Schley................. 5 2.000 00 2 350 00 7 2.350 00 2 2,000 00 2 150 00 4 2.150 00

Screven

11 4,300 00

11 4,300 00 28 14.100 00 22 3,275 00 50 17.375 00

Spalding.

12 4.200 00

:...... 12 4,200 00

4 1,200 00 3 600 00

7 1,800 00

~~:~~~~ :::::::::: ....iii ....ii;8oooo '''2 .... soooo ....i5 ....4:ioo00 ......5''''i;ii50'00 ....35 "''i;OOo'oo ....40 ....ii;25O00

Sumter Talbot

2-~2

16.500 00 2.100 00

2

400 00 24 16.900 00 8 21100 00

1 300 00 2 11 2.000 00 12

200 00 800 00

3

500 00

23 2.800 00

Taliaferro

3

700 00 2 200 00 5

900 00

*Tattnall

4

800 00 3 150 00 7

950 00

Taylor

10 3,500 00 4 200 00 14 3,700 00

Telfair

9 1,300 00 8 700 00 17 2.000 00

Terrell................. 181 6.000 00 1

18 6.000 00

Thomas...............

11 4.300 00 59 12,500 00 14 3.000 00 32 1.200 00
26 7.800 00

16 1.600 00 17 1.500 00 15 1.500 00 10 400 00
23 2.000 00 33 6,600 00

27 5.900 00 76 14,000 00 29 4,500 00 42 1.600 00
23 2.000 00 59 14.400 OQ

Tift.....................

Toombs............... 6 1.35000

Towns. ..

16 8,000 00 1

:&"::,~~.::::::::::::::: :::::::. ::::::::::::::::: ~

. 6 1.35000
150 00 Ii 8,150 00
~~..~ ......~ ........I~..~1

22 34.200 00 15 4,50000 6 1.200 00
~~ ~:~~~ ~

7 1.200 00 2 30000
1~ 1.w: ~

29 35.400 00 17 4,800 00 6 1.200 00
~~ g:~ ~g

Twiggs Uftion Upson.... Walker
~:~~~.:::::::::::::::

9 3.500 00 14 2.800 00 6 1.500 00 1 60 00
4 2.800 00
tg ~::: gg 1~ 2,~ ~

9 3,500 00 10 2.600 00 18 2,750 00 28 5.350 00

14 2.800 00 29 3.800 00

29 3.800 00

7 1,560 00 16 6.500 00 11 1,750 00 27 8.250 00

4 2.800 00 49 25,000 00 13 2.000 00 62 27.000 00
r~ 1::~gg ~ ....34 ....6;00000 ....iii "''2;600'00 ......47 ....8:60000

Warren...............

Washington

33

Wayne

. 36

Webster

6

11.000 00 22 10,80000 2,750 00 5

4.500 00 1,500 00

55 15.500 00 36 10.800 00 11 4,250 00

25 16,000 00 2 500 00 18 2.500 00 4 750 00

24 .. 1.500 00 18 2.500 00 10 600 00
5 450 00

49 17.500 00 20 3.000 00 28 3,100 00 9 1.200 00

White Whitfield

9

900 00

28 7.450 00

9 900 00 16 4.000 00 2 200 00 18 4,200 00 28 7.450 00 9 2.000 00 5 700 00 14 2.700 00

Wilcox

24 3.600 00 2 200 00 26 3,800 00 10 1.900 00 12 1,000 00 22 2.900 00

Wilkes Wilkinson

/ 5 1.000 00

5 1,000 00 19 5.000 00 27 3.000 00 46 8.000 00 25 12.500 00 15 4.500 00 40 17.000 00

Worth Total

-- - - - - - -6 - -1,5-50 -00

- - - - - -61

1.550 00

24
-~

-3-.47-5

-00

-

-13

-

-690-' 00

37 4.165 00

1.551 $489.012 00 225 $36.080 00 1,776 $525.092 00 2.590 737.90500

167.33000 4.153 905.23500

'"Report of 1905. tNoReport

373

Number of Schoolhouses in Cities and Towns Belonging to County
Board of Education.

NumbElr of Schoolhouses in Cities and Towns Not Belonging to County Board of Education.

Estimated
Value of Other Property.

Schoolhouses Built
During 1906

,'":~~,'.~.~,'~,~~I;'5::I-i';>::i'1,20000 2 800 00 4,00000 '''2
1,300 00 2 50 00 1

600 00
. 1,000 00 8,00000
12000

600 00 2

500 00

::: ::::::::::::::: ::: :::::::::::::: ::::: ::::::::::::::: ...~ .....~?:.~?~..~~ ...~ ....~:~~.?O ...~ ..4~:~.~0..?01

1;760 00 4 500 00

3,000 00

::: ::::::::::::::: :.: ::::::. :::::: ::J::::::::::::::: "'3 "i"o:ooooo ""1 15000 "'4'io:150'00

10000 2,00000

"'{ ............45000

...

... \

11 7,00000 1 3,00000 2 10'000001 1,50000 2

50000

.22 5,627 0023 2,975 00 45 8.602 00

..

..

37500 2

65000

...

1 1,400 00 1 1,400 00 1 2,500 00

1 2,500 00 1,060 00

...

.. ..

4 5,000 00 4 1,200 00 8 6,200 00

"i "'2;000"00
...........,

:::

::::::::::::::

""1

'''2:000''00

t:::::
,. ~

:::::::::::::::::: 38,000 00

'''{ 2

...... 50..00 3,000 00

"'1
5

........50..00'.1
41,000 001

1 500 00

1 500 00 5 17,300 00 5 1,500 00 10 18,800 00

.~ ....~:~..O~ ::: ::::::.'.:::::: ~... ....~:~O..~ i ~ Ugg gg ~.5?..?.~ ij i:~gg ggl

3,000 00 "'2 .. 500 00

1,500 00

4,00000 1,000 00

'''2 ..



3,000 00 "'2
1,500 00

600..00
5:50000 "500'00

3 3,800 00 .. ,

3,800 00 1 1,500 00

1 1,500 00 1,864 00 1

1,360 00

...

3 7.000 00

3 7,000 00: 4,600 00 1

2,00000

...

3 3,800 00 1 150 00 4 3,950 00, 1,017 00 4

1,750 00

"i "'1;750'00 ::: :::::::::::::: '''{ "'1;750'00 ~

~:~gg gg '''2

il5000 ~ ~:~g ggl

2,000 00 1 30000

400 00

I 2::U~ ~ : :~ ::L~?::~ ~ ~:m n 1 1,050 00

1 1,050 00 4 8,400 00 ..

4 8,400 00

~~~ :~~~~~~~~~~~~\ ::::~~:~~I< ::::::~~:~~

1~l

i~:ggg ~I... ~:~~.~O i::~gg 25,000 00 1 1,000 00 2 26,000 00

gg ...

i

gg

::: ::::::::::::::1: :::::::::::::: ::::: :::::::::::::::

3,37500 '''2
3,00000

500..00

1,650 00 1

5,000 00

2,00000 1

600 00

2,75000 "2

1,250 00

2,00000 1

500 00

15000 50000

"'2

..............i;:ioooo

....................................................... 1

55000

1 55000

60000 1

7500

800 00 1

40000

1,93000 2

~

21 ~3OO..00 :::1:::::::::::::: '''2

.~ ~:?~?..?.~ ::: :::::::::::::: .. ~

...

..

..

1,000 00 '''{

300 00 ....i ........30000 "'{ ......5000 "'2 ......ii50oo ....1;2'0000

~:~?..?.O ~ ~:ggg gg ~ ~gg gg ~ Ugg gg 5,~g gg

3 2,100 00 2 300 00 5 2,400 00

600 00

3 2
"2



1,600 00
500..00
80000 85000
40000

.................................................... '''2 ....io:ooooo "'2 ......00000 "'4 "io:ooo"o'o 's 60000 's ....30000 "6 9'0000 5 300 00 5 200 00 10 500 00 .~ ~:~O..?~ ::: ::::::..::::: s. ~:?~?..?.~ '''6 ......9;50000 '''3 ......60000 '''9 "10:100'00

I,gGG gg
300 00

2 3 3

1

i:ggg gg 1

30000 1,200 00
70000 54000 300 00

.......;..........

21 7,200 00 7 1,200 00 28 8,400 00 3,000 00 6

30,000 00

...

2 25,000 00

2 25,000 00 4,500 00 1

350 00

..................................................... '''1 ....1;20000 ::::: ::::::::::::::: '''1 '''1;200'00

.'2" '''1;500''Oq '2 20000 '''4 '''1;700'00 1

750 00 1 100 00 2 850 00

3,~g gg

2 1

500 00 "'1 ....

80000 100 00
40000

.................................................... ""1 ioooo ::::: .:::::::::::::: '''1 ioooo :::::::::::::::::

..

...

3 19,000 00 1 2,500 00 4 21,500 00 ~:~ gg '''3

s:2'oo.oo

::: ::::::::::::::: ::: ::::::::~''''.': ~ :
...
::: ::::::::::::::: "i ....50000 '''1

"'3 .. ls:00i}oo "'3 60(ioo "'6 "is;60o"oo

1

4 4,000 00 4 800 00 8 4,800 00 .. 'i',00000 3

4 13,000 00 4 1,000 00 8 14,000 00 500 00 5 21,000 00 2 3,500 00 7 24,500 00

4,2~0gg0

00 gg

'''13

400 00 400 00
14,030000.0000

"i '''1:200''00 ::: :::::::::::::: ..... "'1;2'00'00 "'1 ......1;50000 ::::: ::::::::::::::: '''1 '''1;500'00 1,000 00 2

1,20000

... 2

'''1;000'00

"i

..i2500

"'3

"'1;i25'00

1 2

75000 1,600 00 1

1 75000 225 00 3 1,825 00

300005 800 00 2

.. ... .. ... 2 1,10000...

1 1 4 2 1,10000 5

600 00 1 25,000 00
5,000 00 2 1,85000

100 00 2 700 00

1 25,000 00 \

1,000 00 6 6,000 00

.

5 1,85000

600 00 .. '4" 1,000 00
800 00 4 1,78500 6

.64 $69.67700143 $9.80500 107 ~ 291 $002.85000 155'~500 446 $969.87500 ,$2i2.1i600 222 $

75000 1,000 00
"i,'000'00
1',600 00 2 200 00
186,585 00

TABLE NO. 4. Receipts and Disbursements.

TABLE No.4.
Receipts and Di!:lbursements.

COUNTY.

'"~
trl

1'l.Q

..0"~..'....8.....

I I:Q

Appling ........... $ .............. $

......... Baker ..............
Baldwin ...........

42-9..7..0

Banks ..............

28398

Bartow ............ 1,591 00

Berrien........

Brooks ............ 3,645 45

Bryan ..............

Bulloch............ Burke ..............

...3..,1..2..3...2.4.

Butts ...............

5888

Calhoun ...........

12637

.. Camden ...........
Campbell .........

.... ,

24416 _.......

Carroll ............ 2,685 64

Catoosa............

24600

Charlton...........

752 70

Chattahoochee

150 53

Chattooga ........

3734

Cherokee ......... Clarke ..............

'''2:837'li

Clay .................

64 73

CIay ton ............

12942

" Report of 1905.

RECEIPTS.

l.

~

::l 111 ..

~'"] " .0.. '" <:6

~.. ~:;
""'J5
~~

....
.~
~"'"

5..111 <ell

<~".0....

~

7,80947 6,911 79

$..................................

$

11,390 94 2,35276

7,642 36

99845

16,030 18 1,280 20

*14,885 00 *1,515 00

13,90368 2,98073

3,263 21 1,539 75

17,85130 20,231 07

.......2..,.7..1.0..9..2

10,140 79 1,717 85

8.57675 1,217 98

5,481 30

10672

8,219 81

948 70

20,90638 4,172 59

.......3.,.4..9..0..3..0.

3,128 38

471 74

3,93007

9794

8,824 10,795

71 20

.......1.,.4..6..9...7.9.

5,509 94 8,714 68

6,064 84

291 31(

7,2'\3 93

325 721

7,8094+ 6,34149 13,143 70 8,92479 18,901 38 "16,400 00 20,429 86 4,802 96 23,68546
20,231 07 11,917 52
9,921 10 5,83218 9,168 51
27,082 22 4,418 59 4,352 82 4,178 64 11,331 86 10,795 20 17,061 73
6.400 "8 7,708 47

f Including local systems.

d
u.l
d
~
.~.
rn
62550 $ 64000 900 00 500 00 *90000 "720 00 600 00 303 00 94900 93900 500 00 64600 950 00 690 00 90000 22000 171 50 375 00 492 00 900 00 1,200 00 42000 399 00

DISBURSEMENTS.

.O...
]1"",'35:,;,"3,
:::;l1Ol
c.ts:.'l.S.l
~~

.b!O:~~;~;..2i~

."" .... I'
.... " ....

lll -' ll: ;_'~"

. . t c;~~'" I'l'

'~"
]
~~
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..s"'- .. b'"Il 0 et:I."u
cl;3111I'.l..". 'E"-<

-r8n':."a~
-51:Q rn

AMOUNT PAID TO TEACHERS.

.,j

~

!'";
'0
Q

..
-'5"
. .s1l
..:gE-<
c;
~
E-<

128001$
7000 12400
6600 *100 00 *94 00 12500 12000
163 34 64 00 94 00 10200 7200 11200 6600 5800 6600 7600 7600 60 00 5000 9500 5200

9721 $...............)$ 5,471 26 $

... ~~~.~~I 4000
38009 366.10

3,193 3 j
6,94! 00 5,579 13

*9100 *500 00 11,400 00

''2576 *125 00 *12,000 00

7990

3500 9.830 00

50 70

34600 3,000 00

792 10 2,486 10 *12,000 00

1,338 13 13077 10,027 51

6590

15400 9,414 52

30730 2018

......14.9..5..0.

6,562 75 3,120 00

24280

31800 7,321 37

17689

4820 17,615 15

7690

13998 3,479 41

3603 8604

......3.6..9...T.O

2,132 00 1,968 00

22674

13500 6,551 94

16984

534 09 7,761 40

491 26

586 97 7,91926

2488 148 45

......8..1..4..9..1.

2,351 60 4,621 85

1,487 501$ 6,958 76 $

1,971 45' 5,164 75

3.111 50 10,053 50

1.208 54

6,787 67

5.40542 16,805 42

"1,665 40 *13,665 40

3,519 00 f 15,84900

98325

3,983 25

*3,903 06 16,391 28

7,731 66 17,759 17

1,650 10 11,064 62

1,714 00

8,276 75

1,670 00

4,790 00

1,127 00

8,44837

2,536 28 f 22,057 56

24540

3,724 81

64870 f 3,380 70

1,653 50

3.621 50

1,333 15 f 10,460 12

35800 f 8,773 11

4,371 05 12,290 31

1,219 00 f 4,945 60

1,633 08

6,254 93

I 'E ~

101
3
~

I

7,80947 $..............

6,135 75 20574

11,662 23 2,08147

7.71977 1,205 02

18,396 42

50496

*15,665 16 "744 85

16,688 90 3,740 96

4,08295

20,293 60 3,39186

20,231 07

11,87900

38 52

9,481,55
5,83218 9,811 17

............4....3....9....5....5..

23,248 65 3,833 57

4,219 69

19890

4,02401

328 81

4,158 54 11,331 86

........2..0..0..0.

10,48704

30816

14,618 54 2,443 19

6,300 39

100 49

6,849 38

95909

Clinch .............. Cobb................. Coffee .............. Colquitt ........... Columbia ......... Coweta ............ Crawford......... Crisp ............... Dade ............... Dawson ...........
Decatur ........... DeKalb ............ Dodge .............. Dooly............... Dougherty ...... Douglas ...........
Early ............... Echols.............. Effingham ........ Elbert .............. Emanuel ......... Fannin ............ Fayette............
Floyd............... Forsyth ........... Franklin ......... Gilmer.............. Glascock ......... Gordon ............ Grady .............. Greene .......... Gwinnett ......... Habersham ......
Hall ................. Haralson ......... Harris .............. Hart, ................ Heard .............. Henry ..............
Houston ........... Irwin ............... Jackson ........... Jasper.............. Jeff Davis........
Jefferson ......... Jenkim~ ............. Johnson ........... J-on-es- ....- ....- ....- ...
* Estimated.

84764 336 8844
59238 2777 1,44349
478 257 21538 4.77694
1,416 26 5,73735
82897 1,50508
111 45 27843
266 76
47356 119 16
21617 264 14 1809 2,350 96 635 05
1,493 03 1,557 09
44328
52

5,353 15,578 10,696

04 09 13

............1......4.1...1......3...1..

10,936 8,516

10 54

.......5..,500

00

14,308 84

1119

7,456 02 1,393 22

4,841 41 1.089 98

2,930 50

601 26

3,19260

70320

15,73571 8,072 28

10,432 10,731

01 47

............4...8..0.

12,698 05 1,876 91

10,643 94

14875

6,71792

90890

9,58975 '6,311 36

2,02541

42634

4,610 14,630

33 97

.......1...0-.9.8....6.7.

18,512 21 3,18480

10,107 85 1,868 00

7,30208 1.02801

20,825 39

1609

8,581 94

891,70

11,586 03 7,92792

......2..,.0..5..2.0..7.

3,530 53

73016

11,547 34

2500

6,778 43 4,503 96

13.390 04

517 13

20,691 82 3,360 16

7,424 54 1,244 36

12,407 64 2,149 91

8,94659 1,565 74

......... 10,789 85
12,151 98

2,36' .5...1..6.

8,641 82 1,113 98

12,294 66 2,443 04

17,66842 3,108 97

5,151 18,912

91 30

.......1..,506

84

9,64544 2,130 02

2,22482 15,062 39

........72..0..2..8.

10,287 06

69925

9,585 19

22040

9,543 81

2300

f Including local systems.

1,61l 05 15,581 45 10,784 57 16,436 10 9,108 92 14,347 80
10,292 73 5,931 39
3,536 49 3,898 37 19,023 37 15,213 75 10,731 47 '14,574 96 10,692 69 9,04308 21,638 86 3,280 72 7,21408 14,630 97 21,808 46 12,264 28 8,330 09 21,108 24 8,973 64 13,638 10 8,401 48 4,379 85
11,572 34 11,282 39 14,123 34 24,316 12 8,686 99 16,9,)8 41
11,147 38 13,155 01
12,151 98 9,755 80 14,737 70 20,77739 8,151 78 20,373 93 12,418 74 ,,2,945 10 15,062 39 10,986 31 9,806 11 9,568 81

47000 75000 89700 1,000 00
40000 60000 500 00 611 00 21000 250 00 75000 664 00 942 00 750 00 600 00 39900
50000 345 00 30250 900 00
73700 68700 35400
93900 40000 600 82 50000 35000 441 00 60000 52500 600 00 57600
1,000 00 450 00 600 00 600 00 29700 76340 93600 90000
92500 54600 28610
69000 690 00 74750 600 00

10800 7000 9600 8900 7400
3600 102 00 10000
4600 5800 60 00
9800 144 00 '7000 84 00 8600 84 00 12600 44 00 6400 44 00 18800 92 00
10800 6400 11600 10400 11400 64 00 9600 12200 5830 15200 16800 6600 48 00 5700 9800 11200 11800 11600
7600 9800 96 00 6600 8400 5200 142 00

19005 26826 49818
13239 7654 10300 12111 3700 44 73 21831 104 80 16765 14031 290 69 6655 24756
952 10350 13189 5024
13876 5898 29780 6189 8983 19434 1285 5985 18373 14527 49916 4801 9595 14685 5283 64 60 6500 86009 11674 4500
31704 6328 84 22
111 38 42081 55403
15706

06 1:11 5,040 54 1,376 00 11,201 40

661 04 1,987 00

5.101 5S 13,188 40

12,501 52 1.246 14

15,574 45

700

40047 7,804 54 1,318 30

9,192 84 10,782 57

200

65000 13,149 62

64700 13.796 62 16,033 80

~ 30

353 67 4,62600 2,588 50

7,214 50

8,184 56

924 36

10,397 92 3,226 15 13,624 07 14,336 61

11 19

3100 6,08035 1,946 18

8,02653

8,752 63 1,53020

3,753 95

99240

4,74645

5,931 59

95449

11000 2.790 50

10000

2;890 50

3,293 50

24299

45625 3,034 99

44 33

3,079 32

8,888 30

1007

10,771 42 5,212 63 f 18,116 31 19,144 62

12125

190 00 7,301 11

97404 f 9,483 21 10,532 01 4,681 74

1,378 95 5,089 00 1,718 87 f 8,098 87 10,731 47

5,525 47

3,02890 f 10,234 65

14,574 96 ....... u

89300 5,005 00 3,850 00

8,855 00 10,692 69

2000 6,066 63 1.030 00

7,096 63

7,668 18 1.874 90

1,502 81 11,878 36 3,287 43 15,474 31 17,758 76 3.880 10

5988 1,855 30

5605

1,911 35

2,451 75

82897

5,098 55 1,360 03

6,458 58

6,908 58 30550

7,488 55 2,589 50 f12,165 23 13,261 12

.................. 4.41690 14,564 46 624 7,637 26

1,918 36 16,482 82 f 9,197 66

21;730 96

7750

10,217 66 2,086 62

6,768 00

95940 f 7,825 11

8,33009

3,064 95 12,775 00 3,505 34 16,280 34 20;690 09

41815 ~

8,115 95

33180

8,44475

8,973.64

-'l

37500 8,47464 2,019 57 10,494 21 .11.675,a6 1,96224 -'l

1.880 93 5,560 62

7500

5,635 62

g,401- 48

................ 37268

2,791 00 9,147 31

1,112 00

3,903 00

56850 f 10,634 81

~,37985
11.57234

22530 8,589 58 31858 '16,712 10

2,23945 10,829 03 3,513 60 f 12,323 70

11;g3406 '13,43~ 55

65157 68879

590 00 ~ "'21,368 66 *1,200 00 22,568 66 .24,31 12

9769 6,43974

48260 f 7,757 34

8, 63204

6496

77593 12,910 20 1,407 21 14,317 41 16,351 29

65112

12946 7,43975

63603 f 10,317 14 11,1~ 45

38 93

4990 8,42598 3,979 56 12,405 64 13,1 27

174

9648 9,592 72 1,751 18 11,343 90 . 12,15li 98

7,31844 1,977 36

9,295 80

9,75580

2,19300 8.100 60 2,708 61 10,809 21 14,7f1'/< 70

2,28600 9,122 79 4,86411 f 17,320 65 20,nJl' '39

501 40 4,40388 1,110 05 f 6.064 07

7,626 47

62531

23000 16,075 72 2,746 29 18,822 01 20,370 05

888

64993 5,604 56 3,371 45 f 10,650 41 11,907 62

51112

2,008 10

470 68

2,478 78

2,945 10

16629

9,100 01 6,351 85

2,695 00 f 14,195 01

2,244 37

8,596 22

15,062 39 9,957 32

"'i,ii28"9iJ

722 87 6.693 61

755 16 f 7,508 79

9,585 19 22019

2600 6,081 25 2,562 50

8,643 75

9.568 81

TABLE No.4-Continued.

RECEIPTS.

DISBURSEMENTS.

l.

COUNTY.

'a"
!Ii

"E'~.'"".o. <..,,;

"'o=.g0
~..... ~tl:;

'H"
g.~0a'" Ui
sa;

IXl

-<

~ ,;
s21
"...0'"
'HO W
1:~ ~.z
-S< o

!i
.9
~"''"" ~
Eo<

Laurens ........... $ 80 151$

Lee .................. "216 37

Liberty ............ Lincoln............

........2.0..3..4..8.

Lowndes ......... 4,25837

Lumpkin .........

395 90

Macon .............

2325

Madison ...........

1075

Marion ......... McDuffie .........

........3..4..8..2..4.

Mcintosh .........

30173

Meriwether......

805

Miller .............. 1,214 39

Milton .............. Mitchell_.........

........5..0..3..2..4.

Montgomery..... 1,202 12

Morgan...........

7 10

Murray ..........

10087

Muscogee....... 1,708 38

Newton ...........

14985

Oconee ............ Oglethorpe ......

...............4.5.

Paulding ......... 2,41308

Pickens ............................

19.277 "6,901

61 20

$...........6..0...1.3. 1$

9.399 3,362

03 30

.........4..4.5....1.6.

15,917 3,925

60 77

.......2.,.7..3.6....7.1.

7,640 74 1,850 86

10,24773

6 18

6,169 8,558

25 87

.......1.,.3..2..2...6.4.

5,307 03 18,520 61
5,03353

.........8..5..8..5..0. ..................

5,73387 14,285 79

.........8..9..7..0..8.

13,222 81 1,912 59

12,375 5,594

90 74

.........1..5..9..8..5.

10,173 68 4,318 44

11,233 84 2,324 00

6,896 11,941

87 03

............7...5..0.

8,891 71 1,70324

5,210 45 1,134 84

.. Estimated.

f including local systems,

19,417 89'$ ':'7.11757 10.047 67 3,362 30 22,912 68 4,321 67 9,514 85 10,264 66 7,840 13 8,558 87 6,46726 18,528 66
6,247 92 7,134 19 14,285 79 16,337 52 12,542 85 5,695 62 16,200 50
13,707 69 6,904 82 11,941 03
13,007 03 6,34529

d
u.i
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0
...
0w";

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....

I1-::o::1l_0~0

~J:l.:n~

cv"~ ~

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~"J'':"dlQ...3...QO)S

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AMOUNT PAID TO TEACHERS.

.s
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.,j
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~

0 Q

.o..i
.s.<~''"":
",Eo< '0; Il<
~
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"49948 2000t 42000 30000 60000 30000 50100
60250 40000 40200 72000 801 00 30000 25000
900 00 870001 74700 27600 80000 69300 35100 60000 480 00
312 00

143 95 $ *108 00
9600 4000 9000
4800 6800 17000 4800
10000 3000 62 00 13800 1800 10800 12600 8400 7000 9800
11800 68 00 4800
12000
8000

1
62939 $ 643 35 $

... . ':'8653
1615

~:.~~O ~~I

. . .~:~~!J~I 5250
141 52 6075 15343

30727

12500

8950 240 53

67 96

26025

44413 54 96

........4..6..0..3..5.

3895 25000

4900

65975

5009' .................

27457! 70581

711 88

64000

5245

20000

7875 3,099 40

6866 1,538 68

5501

320 60

16021 10943

........1..5.6....9.0.

4688

20088

14,245 01 $ *3,000 00 6,425 00 2,241 00 8,689 25
2,686 76 2,741 70 7,45598 4,438 50 5,225 00 2,720 00 15,587 00 2,755 00 6,013 73 9,948 81 10,688 43 7,162 45 3,787 40 6,723 16 8,225 38 4,030 41 7,424 67
8.232 58 5,36f;l 29

'2,057 041$ f 17,291 41 $

"22,,144618 88581

*5,168 85 6,866 88

69600

2,93700

2,71142470041

f 15,901 25 f 3,555 08

2,02572 f 8,79242

1,603 91

9,059 89

1,378 00

5,816 5C

2,735 00

7,960 00

1,650 00

4,370 00

ll,02370 17,610 70

1,125 00

3,880 00

14371

6,157 44

3,22889 13,177 70

1,427 40 12,115 88

3,19674 10,259 19

14000

3,92740

2,731 90 f 11,645 46

1,426 04 f 9,922 25

2,017 34

6,047 75

3,551 25 10,975 92

861 11

9,093 69

20500 f 5,606 53

,;

~.'"..

.,j <:
~
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>< I'il
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0

<:
0 ",.
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19,555 10 $ ..............

"7,117 57

9,399 03 3,362 30

......4..9..6..5..5.

18,477 10 4,435 58

4,140 81 9,514 85 10,264 66

...........1....8...0......8..6.

7,535 91

30422

8,790 21

231 34

. 6,02443
18,5~8 66

.....4..4..2...7.8.

4,606 95 1,642 97

7,134 19

14,235 79

5000

14,092 21 12,54285

...2..,.2.4.5...3..1

4,525 85 1,169 77

15,721 61

478 89

12,340 59 1,367 10

6,.842 36 11,941 03

........6.2....4.6.

9,803 12 4,536 80

6,246 291

9900

.. 1i;stlIIIateeJ.

f IIIcIudin!l' IOCllI s;yst;em.ll,

55081 17087 55680 1,519 82

TABLE NO. S.
Private Schools; Number of Local School Systems; Number of Colleges; School Libraries.

382 TABLE No.5.

Private Schools, Number of Local School Systems, Number at

Colleges, School Libraries.

.
COUNTY.

5....
aJ Eo-;
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H0g-.,;
.... ..<:4
0....0w>. .a.cJ
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z~

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0 ..<:4
W0>.

..<:4

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01""'1

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~aJ00

...<.:4.,..~..

.~ 0

~Q

.... ..acJ

5
~
Z

..<:4 I:l.O
iii
.: .
.~ ~
:0~ ::0:'d.0...
~C;
p; .....
.... 0 00
..<:4
l.S...W0>.
5
~
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..0Q..>.a.5.J,
00
...O..... w?.,
aJ
'S
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.~..,
.:
~
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.5
00
-%'0
aJ
0 Q
0 Z

SCHOOL LIBRARIES

ui

aJ

8

~

'0

.~...

.:

0
....

..Qc) ..Qc)

a5
-~;
~

5

E

~

~

ZZ

.. Appling........

Baker ..........

Baldwin........

Banks.........

Bartow .......

Berrien ........

Brooks .........

Bryan .........

Bulloch ........

Burke .........

Butts......... ,

Calhoun .......

Camden.

8ampbell .::::

c

arroll ....... atoosa.......

,

Charlton.......

Chattahoochee.

Chattooga .....

Cherokee ......

Clarke .........

Clay ..........

Clayton ... , ..

C'linch .........

Cobb ..... Coffee ...

......,..

Colquitt.

Columbia ..... ,

Coweta .......

Crawford ......

Crisp ..........

Dade ..........

Dawson........

Decatur .......

DeKalb....... -

3 5
...... ... .
6
5 30
4 16
14 ....
3 2 4 48 4 4 3
8 11 7 ...... 2 25
2
5 12 3 ... . 0. 1
... ...1
6 8

1
...... .....
..... 6 3 3 4
. 0. o.
......8
6 2 2
0
1 1
2
0.
3 6
.... "
... ... 2 20 3 1 7 5
o
1
I
2 3 8

30

1 '0 _0.

.... .. .... .. . ....

.... .. . ..... 2

. ..... .... .. o

20 1 1

15 82

1 1

....

1
..

30

...... 1

......
......

100 .... .. o

. .. o.

1 .0. ..

73

I .. 0.

6 ...... ,......

15

'0.0 0.

1 ......

22 1 ......

14 .. . , .,

o.

25. .. ..
.... .. 0_

...........

150 1

., ..4.3.

13 2 '0'

, 0.

1 . ....

24 155

2 3

.

..........

16 2 ......

15 35

......2

............





100
'0.
26 10

. .....1
1
.. , ...

.....
, ..... .... .. ..... ,

15 . .....

22 3 ......

50 6 1

3 1 1 3 8 25
3 18 11 4 4 2 1 13 2 1
... .
5 10 8 8 8 3 7 3
-.
3 3
....2
1 16 5 2

150 24 200 450 400 80u
150 750 1,200 150 435 40 150 2,741 450 100
150 800 430 800 340 480 995 500 750 200 180
.....1.4....0
650 530 75

$

75 00

15 00

250 00

350 00

600 00

1,00000
........ ...

55 00

500 00

1,000 00

210 00

375 00

15 00

40 00

53300

225 00

200 00
............

100 00

600 00

500 00

20000

200 00

40000

30000

25000

350 00

10000

85 00

10000
............

.............. ,

36000

200 00

5000

3~3
TABLE No. 5-Continued.

COUNTY.

0

S

0 ,.<::

,.<::
.::.v

'0
0

,.<::

...:,.,

SCHOOL LIBRARIES.

'"<l)
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o..:!l
~o
0 .... ,.<:: 00:> ",00
<l)
.0
S
z='

0:> 00
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'" blJ.
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,...<,:=:''""'
.~ 0
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::c1
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.... 0 0,0.<::
<"'l0)o:>o .0
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d O0:>S00
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0
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Z

oj
=' d l>-

Dodge.

11

Dooly.. .. . ..

3 ,.... .

Dougherty.. . . .

4

3 46 . . . . ..

Douglas.......

Early.

24

4 96

1 11. . . . . .

Echols.. . .. . . .. ,.. "

Effingham. . . . .

8

3 32

1 ......

Elbert..... .. .. ...... ..... ......

1

Emanuel. . . . .

4

4 100

1

Fannin. .. . . . . .

3

3 130

2

1

Fayette........

7

6 100

1 ......

Floyd. . .. . . . . ..

6

6 125

11

Forsyth. . . . . . .

4

3 80 . . . . ..

Franklin.. .. .. .

4

4 75

1

Gilmer. . . . . . . .

4

2 12

'

Glascock.......

Gordon

,

5

5 145

1

Grady ~ '

5

2 32 . .. ...

Greene . . . . . . . . 11

3 46

2 ......

Gwinnett. . . . . .

6

6 24

1

1

Habersham. .. .

3

3 50

1

1

Hall. .. .. .. .. .. 12

1 200

1

1

Haralson. . . . . .

4

4 78

4 . . . . ..

Harris. .. .. . . .. 10

3 30 . . .

Hart... ... ....

3

8 6C ..

IIeard.........

5

Henry. . . . . . . .

9

9 103 . . ". . . . .

Houston. . . . . .

3

3 60

2 ......

Irwin. . . . . . . . . .

3

1

7

2 ......

Jackson.... .. ..

5

5 116

2

1

Jasper. . . . . . . ..

1

Jeff Davis ,

3 ......

Jefferson. . . . . . . 18

6 27

2 . . . . ..

Jenkins........

1 1 25

......

Johnson. . . . . . .

1 . . . . ..

1

Jones..........

9

1 26......

Laurens. . . . . . .

f,

1 15

1 ......

Lee

'"

_

Liberty ,...

6

6 50......

$

.

5 300

125 00

"

.

.

11 425

325 00

1 100

40 00

5 600

350 00

3 125

60 00

.

3 1,000

600 00

2 48

40 00

10 300

225 00

1 60

20 00

..

8 1,200

600 00

1 18

54 00

1 300

150 00

3 400250 00

5 375

200 00

8 600

300 00

4 500

400 00

8 825

235 00

.

.

4 450

85 00

2 160

50 00

.

4 200

50 00

3 500

250 00

4 260

150 00

5 100

80 00

1 50

25 00

1 40

20 00

.

.

2 500

450 00

5 500

250 00

3 400

20000

3 250

250 00

.

50

5000

384
TA.BLE No.5-Continued.

'0o

SCHOOL LIBRARIES.

..c:::

~

0Cl

COUNTY.
..o.. .('c"I)'
S z~

Lincoln........ 10......

1,

$ .........

Lowndes.......

5

5 130

1

10' 600

200 00

Lumpkin

" .. .

1

1 8 400

]50 00

Macon.,.......

3

.

Madison. . . . . . . 16 . . . . ..

. 3 . . . .. .

.

Marion.. ...... 15

2 50

1.... . 5]00

250 00

McDuffie.......

5

1 25......

6 270

315 00

McIntosh ,

.

'

.

Meriwether... . 10 10 100

.

Miller........ .

.

Milton........

.

..

Mitchell

,

9

7 151 . .

5 1,075

000 00

Montgomery.. .

1

1 85.

5 200

100 00

Morgan.. ....

10 10 73

1 . . . .. 23 1,806 1,117 50

Murray.......

3

3 90...... ...... 1 60

2500

Muscogee......

3 1 32 1 1

..

Newton........ 23

9 150

1

1 40 2,250

62500

. Oconee , , ,. .."..

6 550

210 00

Oglethorpe. . . . 21 17 2]5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 620

310 00

Paulding......

2

1 20

.

4 ]20

50 00

Pickens....... ,

6

5 15

1

. 5 400

300 00

Pierce. . . . .. . . .

1

1

5 . . . . ..

4 370

200 00

Pike.. .........

6

2 100 ......

10 1,750

925 00

Polk........... 14

3 500

1

I 10 850

340 00

Pulaski. . . . . . . .

6

6 22

I . . . . . . 7 825

560 00

Putnam. . . . . . .

5 11 93

1 . . . . . . 12 1,250

300 00

Quitman. . .. .,

2 . . . . ..

1 60

25 00

Rabun.........

1

1 50,.....

2 500

500 00

Rockdale. . . . . .

6

2

8

1

. 15 1,000

200 00

Schley

,

13 600

500 00

Screven...

9 3 21

2 75

60 00

Spald,ng

_ 4 1 15 1.

_.. ..;

..

Stephens.

1 '; . . . ..

. .. _

_..

Stewart.. . . . . .

4

4 40

2 . . . . . . 2 200

50 00

Sumter........

2

2 25

1 :. 18 1,600

80000

Talbot

""

.

.

Taliaferro. . . . . 12

2 20. . . . .

. 5 300

150 00

Tattnall ... _. . . *11 11 56 .... . . . . . . . . 15 800

400 00

Taylor........

14

8 187......

2 2 140

6000

* Report of 1905.

385

TABLE No. 5-Contiuued.

COUNTY.

..o.o...
,.<:l
a3

t-

SCHOOL LIBRARIES.

l:I

o:o:l

'"Q)
S

.S 'Q")
.bI)
~
o'0
o

::l
'0
:..>.. .o..
$s

Z

::l

Z

Telfair., .. , .

12 20J

]

1

Terrell

,

4 4.S

1 ......

Thomas

.

5 180

2

2

Tift

.

2 80

I ......

Toombs

.

6 124

Towns

,

. . . , ..

1

Troup

'

4

2 100

32

Turner.

. ..

....

1

.

Twiggs

.

5 .... .....

1

.

Union

.

Upson

.

7

7 115

Walker

. 10 10 250

5 ......

Walton .

Ware

,

1.....

2

Warren

.

II

9 45....... .. .

Washington .. , 29 21 166

2. . . . .

Wayne

. .... ..... .....

1

Webster

.

5

5 75 "

White. . .

4

4 75 .. ' ..

Whitfield .

5

1

4

J

1

Wilcox

.

5

5 150

~ . . . . ..

Wilkes

15

7 300

I

]

Wilkinson. ' ..

10

5 10 ......

Worth.. , .. '

41

4

9

2

2 800 $ 5 150 2 200 4 374 2 826 2 1,500 5 300
18 583
6 2,050 8 405 15 200
6 325 22 2,414 2 50 8 200 2 60 1 100 5 3,700 5 500 15 100 il 290

~21~ 7,13fl lloi 40 7045fl.04H

20000 10000 20000 13000 800 00 1,20000 100 00
300 00
1,04000 300 00 150 00 .. 160 00
1,230 00 2000 250 00 50 00 60 00
3,500 00 500 00 75 00 11500
34,92450

TABLE NO.6. Branches of Study Taught.
,------------------- -


TABLE No.6.

Branches of Study Taught.


COUNTY.

ORTHOGRAPHY

READING

WRITING

ENG. GRAMMAR GEOGRAPHY

No of Pupils No. of Pupi s No. of Pupils No. of Pupils No. of Pupils

ARITHMETIC No. of Pupils

HISTORY

PHYSIOLOGY AGRICULTU.tm

-----

No. of Pupils No. of Pupils No. of Pupils

:+"a'
~

J

d.1..
0
u'0

~
..c ~

d.1..
I .Sl 0

"d

I :.2al
~

~
~

I .~.c
~

~
u-5

I.2l
:E
~

"".0d..
u'0

I I I ~ I ) ~
..c ~

1
'0
U

:.a2l
~

1
~

~
~

]
8

Appling. Baker..

.

.

.

.

........

Baldwin...........

Banks.............

Bartow -........

Berrien ..........

Brooks. ,...........

Bryan..............

Bulloch ...........

Burke.............

Butts

Calhoun..........

Camden..........

Campbell..........

Carroll............

Catoosa...........

Charlton ..........

\ hattahoochee.

Chattooga........

Cherokee .........

Clarke..............

Clay.................

Clayton............

Clinch.............

Cobh................

Coffee..............

Colquitt...........

Columbia .......;.

1,201
570 939 2,496 2,200 3,000 1,200
700 3,186 1,053
1,672 453 638
1,570
5.872 786 620 377
1,749 1,302
536 286 1,289 2,444 3,525
1.490 f2.400
697

474 1,004 1,492
620 703 500 1,800 361 1,592 4.215
1.511 1.085
782 880 1,600
60 169 800 629 260 1,202 855
877 511 1,174 438 f 350
1,675

1,337 57E 941;
1,805
2,220 1,800 1,200
720 3,200 1,075 1,569
542 416 1,400 5,990 875 620 337 1.587
2.907 563 285
1,29[ 2,201;
2.991; 1.58E f 2,700
66S

484

356

8611 1,6051

1,9121 943

375 1,706

713

800

700 3,200

1,8001 1,000

373

725

1,360 3,125

4,304 1,024

1.651 1,629

1,181

457

923

460

800 1.420

1,610 5,801

65

857

169

525

885

380

607 1.667

204 2,106

1.172 1
~~g!

59G 322
1.126

460 2.441;

1,181 3.2H

476 1,61l

f 375 f2,600

1,5401 618

463 703 1,455 312 330 800 800 380 1,000 4.100 1.651 704 787 500 1,440
65 134 702 568 60 1,287 579 788
1.1513131 402
f 350 1,260

391 450 831 1 897 1,400 1,200
600 350 2,401 1,474
863 347 218 921;
2,313 340 425 169 714 910 436
157 745 560 1,431 608 f 1,500
310

127 275 663
69 400 300 100 53 1,119 737 353 295 154 230 1,270
12 48 216 202
25 328 223 246 96 368 120 f 100 63~

480 350 610 871 1
i:~~~1 600 400 2,904
996 813
338 234
950 2,708
335 550 179 709 1,208 436 148 742 . 720
1.551 726
f2,100
445

143 290 608
65 260 400 100 221 1,020 1,746
376 323 239 100 878
25 50 21E 322 4t 33l 3h 32l 210 491 120 f 200
486

104 1,450 1
982 1,581 1,900 2,500 1,060
700 2,268
961 1,590
546 434 1,070 5,232 824 520 320 1,414 1,312 583 277 1,133 1.620 3.099 1.324 f 2,200
667

410 365

495 340

1,695 684

207 895 1

558 624

700 1,300

900 400

404 315

980 1,265

2,300 479

1,400 697

801 181

692 185

320 1,120

1.448 2,001

40 285

100 240

595 160

551 550

42 958

1,164 201

566934,1

112 511

492220\ 1,181902 839 457 f 800 f 900 f
1,?86 3n

82 251 95 175

70 89

47 135

.......3.

309 308 217 109 166

65 635

29 618

18

50 375

33

200
125 47

1,400
60 32

.....1..0.0.
.........

225 90 100

.......31.o5.

500 12

......... 410 906 295 741 12
201 296 148 314

199 493 139 218

r

131 278 101 179

1

123

95

85

32

11

170 790 100 500

22

......... 762 2,026 846 1,476

79

25

81

25

60 300

50 180

24

74

90

67

44

6

107 32 92

233 261

.......9.6.

121

18

63
120 63

................5..

95

71

78

11

84 341

30 131

68 320

70 1

96

193 556 1111 '020240 207

43 253

42

63

14

25 f 500 f ...... f 200

27~1 1114 124

57

3l;j

Coweta .........:. Crawford .........

1.391 749

2,782
924

1,533 760

3.000 936

1,40' 792

~.8i6 985

1,182 449

592
164

99il
407

m !l63 i,811! 2;01s S40

4fu) :lOll 8M

204

664

987 329 118 234

92

64

82
18

Crisp .............. Dade............... Dawson............ Decatur...........

889 653 1,184
2.153

441 31 19
2.374

879 621 1.187
2.048

683 25 32 2.151

949 573 953 2.221

488 31 32
1,854

446 323 379 941

137 17
5 540

451 324 534 965

159

788

354 433

31 178

14 137

13

10

p20

17 2U3

10

75

131 .........

5

687

18

711 1,998 1.536

"9U"05

1 380

119 595

I 461

56 102

1 11

DeKalb ........... Dodge..............
Dooly Dougherty .......
Douglas........... Early ..............

2.291
1.850 1.125
500 1, 720
750

656 1.142 1.292 1.323
603 1,010

2,291
1.918
1.06~
500 1,735
610

656 1,222
1.558 1,323
616 719

2,291
1.979 1,054
500 628 815

656 1.009 1,366 1,217
620 910

1,000 785 588 324 402 700

200

800

296

745

4011

527

472

274

36

810

400

725

150 2,291

650 bOU 100 500

50 400

408 i,781 . 992 548 220 360 165 167 159

547

988 1.077 470 251 279 354 115 441

815

464 1,226 274 363 123

94

65

38

113 1;603

203 602 221 118

26

72

8

250

812

702 500 100 150 100 100

10

Echols.

479

35

474

23

475

19

191

5

215

5

362

15 147

96

40

Effingham....... 1.200

600 1.150

575 1.198

530

554

231

538

324

798

425 475

98 302

43 142

t<.;lbert ............. Emanuel. .........
annin ........... Fayette ........ Floyd .............

1.978 1.772

3,571 1.598

2.860 ......

1,850

770

4,250 1,400

1.975 1.748

3,469 3,195

......1.,.6..8.2.

1.527

770

4,250 1,350

1,914 1.825

2,740 2.588

.....1....4..8.8

1,450

770

4,001 1.239

1.076

491

1.553 840

........3..9.3

862

200

3,200

900

908

543

1.548 970

........5..1.3.

850

225

2.395 1.?01

1,706 1.433

3,129 1,870

.....1..,.3..8.8

1.600

400

3.576

800

763 1,189
590
1.040 1,900

211 410
188 637 290
193 1,222 700 275

120 124
175 59

189 51
136 52
200

Forsyth........... 2,722

136 2.587

165 2.450

151

762

37 1,020

122 1.022

146 857

26 502

82 154

39 15
5 51 5

Franklin......... Gilmer Glascock::::::::.. Gordon. . . . . . . . . . . ;. Grady..............
Greene. Gw,nnett .........
Habersham ..... Hall................. Haralson.......... Harris............. Hart............... Heard..............

2,286
2.200 820
2,900 2,101 1,108 6.015 1.886 4,191 2,720
1,076 2,618 2,079

934 10 438
110 1.375 2,065
745 164 659 494
1.906 1.298 1,054

1.725 1.400
502
2.513 1.959 1.081 5.890 1,656 3,829
2.132 1.020
2.242 1.906

934 6
300 204 1.348 2.307 650 143
597 348
2.375 1,298
1.066

2.286 698 820
2.484 2.205 1,167 1,505 1,881 3,677
2.342 1.047
2.678 1.637

934
5 438
71 1.167 2.045
186 163 526 472 1.860 1,298 851

650 781 430 784 795 619 1.690 662
1.356 1.421
595
1.800 784

150

650

175 2.100

450 560 200 650 100

50

3

791

220

498

70 1.083

218

858

856

673

120 1.404

57

650

177 1.525

78 1.721

742

570

240 1.800

276

945

2 254
71 260
888 125
53 :209
129 980 240 383

2,100
784 2.094 1.732 1.021
6.015 1.450 3,476 2.342
890 2,242
1.382

6 290 141 1,045 1,811
745 125 491 326 1.240 400 722

500 400 790 669 395 1.575 624 1.069 1.624
473 1.800
741

389
105 320
46 448
97 398 356 382
110 608 54 480 87 595
128 729
403 311 250 1,200
167 454

2 261

20 100

24

83

107 128

401 169

44 407

40 332

73 251

81 484

331 130

100 1.200

57 181

1 22
2 1 271 65 28 15 32 150 100 53

Ci;)
ao
<:0

Henry.............. 2,640 2.513 2.640 2.513 2.640 2.513

Houston...........

814 2.290

718 2.234

806 1.615

632 464

460 741

720 440

680 1,120

820 590 420 370 140 200

901

757 1.327 287 490 173 292

55

40

Irwin .............. 1.250

680 1,290

698 1.298

694

640

Jackson ........... 4.632 1.778 4,471 1.741 4.429 1.497 2.253

120

650

401 2.145

105 1.286

633 624 102 300

50 140

552 3.745 1,479 1.722 155 741 121 833

26

Jasper. ...... ......

818 2.254

818 2.254

916 2.276

400

50

400

100

850 2.000 400

50 200

50 100

Jeff Davis....... Jefferson ......... Jenkins...........

717 7,523
733

194 2,154
897

717

194

1.501 2,154

803 1.208

717
1.623 857

194 2.154
898

199

19

662

562

392. 286

199 761 439

19

717

194 190

19 190

19

400 1,311 1.160 716 234 340

98

304

758

904 314 138 221 131

56
76 40

60 5

Johnson........... 1,683

759 - 1.713

759 1,719

559

832

161

778

129 1.480

371 566

48 378

62 165

Jones ..............

858 1.732

850 1,858

751 1.542

516

234

518

548

605 1.284 {452 234 275 125

70

Laurens......... Lee ................

3,043 1,511 "'375 "1,500

2l'~~~

1,696 *1,550

3.118 1.499 "385 "1.500

l~i~

426 1.272 "250 200

428 2.835 1.346 1.062 *400 *300 *1.100 *50

239 "'50

656 25

133

148

79 44

Liberty ..........

968

973

962 1,289

981 1.150

313

384

456

317

717 1.168 377

89 293

63

17

34

Lincoln ............

683

654

719

703

750

616

396

173

416

233

676

618 329 109 184 115

47

33

Lowndes .......... 1.761 1.579 1.686 1,704 1.768 1,309

774

408

662

474 1,707 1.203 6lT 227 357 138

i6

17

Report of 1906

TABLE No.6-Continued.

ORTHOGRAPHY

READING

WRITING

ENG. GRAMMAR GEOGRAPHY

ARITHMETIC

HISTORY

PHYSIOLOGY AGRICULTU.tr}

No. of Pupils No. of Pupi s No. of Pupils No. of Pupils No. of Pupils No. of Pupils No. of Pupils No. of Pupils No. of Pupils COUNTY.

L'mpkin ......... Macon...... .. Madison.. .........
~aB~ffi~".:.:.::..
McIntosh ........ Meriwether......
~m~';;:::::::::::::;
MitcheI1
~~~~~~m.~.ry::
MUl ray.. Muscogee Newton.. Oconee.
Oglethorpe. . . .
Panlding.......... Pickens Pier,e..
Pike................ Polk.. . Pulaski..........
~~l~,;';m,;-.:::::::::
~a~~d~i~:::.::::::
Schiey. ..... ...... Screven........... Spalding.........
f?~e:phens~

I)

~I

]
(5

978

56

945,

6"1 948

61 1

286

16

273

191 5701

48 181

,,

9

74

7

59,

483 2,798

1,303 1,277

440 2,525

'

1,335 1,141

477 2,680

923 1,200

~~~ 1,~~~ ~~~ 1j~~1 ~i~ l,~i~

290

964

263

964

273

935

235

233

m950

327

~~~

110

128

239

361

m 1,086

369

~g~

173

232

4171 2,500
~~l
259

545 775

970 912

~~i

478 495

942' 103

95 2E9 303 244
143

82

35

351

~1~8~8I1
43

III 370i

150 200'

137 193

.....1..05I

9 97 50 43

2,392
l,~gg
2,156
i:i~~
1,787 700

2,033
~gg
1,343
2,~~~ 85 1,300

2,279
1,~~~
2,1491
i:~~il
1,327 8001

2,143
~~g\
1,576,
2'~~~I' 55 1.300 '

2,3991
12,'~280g1'i Ug~
1,503 800

1,747 1,176

592 1,275

715

........ ~g~

~10' .... ..22 ........6591.........26

1,339
2,m 55
1,300

893. 380 1,149

466'1

~i~1 ~~~ ~M ~~1

409

20

55911

22

500: 500

700

800'

2,290
l,~gg
1,947
U~~
1,107 900

. i!~1 . . 1,654 1,049 161 6:2, 138

~M 6ii61 ......iii

;~~I

1,013
2,~~~

1,

015 592

1

598

295 47 562

312

16' 2!l1 1,

40 443! 10 275

21

1,200 800' 700 800 700'

313, 113

"

127 ......

1U4.19

80 11

140

44

3i~i ..200

1,619 1,035
1,268

1,574 1,071
2,102

111,,072178019111

1,697 1,260 1
2 1361'

1,838 1,152
1,340

1,719 1,245
1,783

789 540
726

361 291
563

768 621
686,

513 1,768 1,219 273 1,086 1,045
651 1,094 1,722

520 412
475

'',
1

331'
112 202

406 212 303

178 62 124

96!
1~~1

12
1~~

3,394

423 3:394 '423 3,394

423

4121

1,959

57 1,765

86 1,777

46

568

47

4121

21

615

1

47

6501

24 1,343

75' 471

412! 456

.... 47 1

458 248

47

60

10

80 ..

1,510 426 1,441

26 1,427

406

477

106

586

135 1,251

342 415

95 188' 33 125 .

2,037 2,184 2,037 2,184 2,037 2,114 1,075,

649 1,0361

738, 1,998 1,814 873 288 682 284 277

45

1,856 502 1,978 1,735
~~~ 1,~~
1,~ ......674

1,772

486

2,0831 1,862

~~~ l'~~i

l,~g~ ......678

1,950 382 2,083 1,675
~~~I .1,~~~
l'~~gl .... "554

618

213

603

m 9271 473

950

i~

i~~

~~gl...i;i9 ~~il

198i 11',5471 324 492 104 396 156 209

83

391

9601 1,418 783 154 523 181 196

47

~~~
l~g

~~~
~~~

1,~~~,
4~~

197, 335

113

68

300

347

87

114 65 200 188

332 37
91

57

50

9

8

50 .....

40

27

448

811

480

869

474

739

1,654 2,158 1,633 2,108 1,717 1,960

1,159 1,172 1,045

998 1,017

974

,~~ ................. ...~. . ~. ... .~.... ..

301 868 4121

297 544 140

239 887 644

274

424

594 215

~~~ 633 1,660 1,558

..... 474

741

401

' ,.... .........

1'

69 298 142

138 507 169

....~?:I."', 71

81

173 218

7444

57

38

Stewart........... S11mter ............ Talbot............
Taliaferro. ....... Tattnall ........... Taylor.............. Telfair ............ Terrell. ............ Thomas ........... Tift .................
Toombs .......... 'Jowns. ........... Troup ............. Turner.............
Twiggs ............ Union........... Upf.on..............

539
959 831
530 *3,300
1,557 1,200
912 1,864
960 686 1,311 1,061
954 629 2.391 1,352

2,126 2,856 1.810 1,233 ':'570 1,482
502 1,869 2,268
343 329
15 2,166
283 1,092
1,427

586 959 807 544 ':'3,400
1,557 1,200
912 1,483
988
11,.112m8 969 954
639 2.249 1.330

2,671 2,563 2,041 1,122 ':'534
1.482 490
1,869 2,106
359 318 15 2.445 283 1,174
1,593

57~
959 837 527 *3,440 1,557
1,200 912
1,568,
1,030 1.237 1.311 1,036
954
640 1,039 1,371

2,157 2,563 1,769 1.039 *539 1,482
490 1.869 1,955
319 328 15 2,205 283 1,052
1.427

354

737

558

776

497

821

317

234

'1,300 "'<165

385

195

700

170

630

450

822

463

438

94

592

28

480

5

535'

639

412

57

228

249

687 ..... , .....

699

715

336

768

554

822

558

934

347

223

*1,300 *124

602

327

800

154

562

450

938

614

412
L118 625

.135 39 6

437

741

518

50

274

294

1.041 ...........

656

671

551 1.781

868 2.415

801 1.458

502

895

"'2,900 *418

1.557 1.482

'1,500

400

912 1.450

1.454 1,418

863

228

1.186

138

1,012

12

912 1,605

954

283

521

913

1,287 ...........'

1,129 1,182

306 470 425 294 *1,216 390 450 462 704 381
1,074 643 463 336 198
768 608

338 421 554 160 *50
142 150 450 195 63 87
4 182 78
.....1..1.7. 240

1237

398 408

324

34.~

126

75

"675

*7

390 142

210

38

94 .........

287 128

238

43

592

27

435

4

284 164

412

65

98 407

.......6.5.

358 387

73

85

279 148

29

48

74

20

*142 *.........

298

18

200 66

.......2.7.

61

23

44

18

287

6

159

4

94 110

412

50

12 123

237

.04

294 .........

Walker ........... 3.200

678 3.000

500 3,000

Walton ........... 2.639 1,800 1.211 1,211

616

460 1,800

725

320

200 2.200

75

272

225 250

2,800 1,535

800
1,120

..1....2.0..0.

.....1..5.0.

800 .........

50 .........

.....4.0..0.

10 .........

- - - - Ware ...........

869

170

892

210

677

173

500

Warren

805 1.831

805 1.801

785 1.406

442

Washington..... 2.203 2,963 2,167 3,180 2,336 2,992 1.243

Wayne............. 1,856

306 1,877

311 1,960

256

607

Webster...........

461

711

439

835

451

671

272

White .............. 1,213

125

978

119

645

100

301

Whitfield ........ 2.309

234 2,007

195 2.164

188

668

Wilcox............. 1,210

183 1,220

261 1,251

225

490

Wilkes............. 1,202 1,607 l,OO<f 1.503

854 1,580

423

Wilkinson........ 1,287 1,090 1.094

900 1,385 1,185

695

Worth............ - 1_ .785 . _922- -1,76-9 -1,0-25 -1-,828- -83-4 - - 898

Total. ............ 217.298 142,789 207,453 146,420 200.807 129,926 95,952

64

511

109

629

580

905

1,008 1,178 1,270

75

712

64

227

234

232

88

387

110

35

712

65

W

535

119

185

519

560

450

688

475

239 - - 956 - .2-88

40,196 102.314 48,278

566

131 226

53 189 111 189

42

770 1,389 344 548 357 551 442 294

2.165 2.274 1.028 459 528 537 326 164

1,519

288 503

43 344

17

34

2

406

417 202 170

72

89

35

'19

714 1,792

120 287 219 680

75 132 33 267

11 20

60 97

........2.

1,136

214 421

35 238

41

74

9

835

597 412 127 217

19 300 350

1,388 1,175 476 185 340

15

60 ........

1.541 183,720

636 1 0 0 , 8 2 9 1"

649 82,018

84 -;,087

-

391 48.553

- -1-21
15,230

- -119-
24,222

- -2
5.948

*Report of 1905.

TABLE NO.7. Institutes.

TABLE No.7.
InFltitutes.

COUNTY.

PLACE.

DATE.

INSTRUCTOR.

Appling

Baxley

June 4-9

T. N. Platt.

Baker

Newton

June 4-9

L. D. Passmore.

Baldwin

.

Banks

Homer

Monthly

J. W. Marion.

Bartow

Cartersville

June

'"

W. S. Colvin.

Berrien

Tifton

,

June

M. L. Brittain and J. N. Rogers.

Brooks

1



.

Bryan

Pembroke

May 25-31

W. L. Newsom.

Bulloch

Statesboro

Monthly. .

J. E. Brannen.

Burke

Waynesboro

January 1-6 .. '"

H. J. Gaertner.

Butts

Jackson

June 11-15

Mrs. Elia Curry and, Miss Ida Stafford.

Calhoun

.

Camden

.

Campbell

Fairburn

June 23-27

G. R. Glenn.

Carroll

Carrollton

June 25-29

Teachers.

Catoosa

Ringgold.... ..

June 24-28 ,

W. E. Bryan.

Charlton

Folkston

June 19-23

C. W. Waughtel.

Chattahoochee

, . Cusseta

"

June 11-15

,

A. H. Stephens.

Uhattooga _"

Summerville. . . . . .. . .. July 9-13

W. V. Whittenbury.

Cherokee

Canton

June 18-23

T. N. Rogers.

Clarke

'" Athens

;

June and July

Summer School.

Olay... . . . . . . . . . .. .. Ft. Gaines

, Monthly

"

V. M. Fletcher.

Clayton

Jonesboro

Monthly. _

..

Clinch..................

.

.

Oobb

Marietta .................... June 25-29

W. T. Dumas.

Coffee

Douglas

Monthly

Melvin Tanner.

Oolquitt

Norman l'ark

June 4-:!8............. Norman Park Faculty.

Columbia ...................................................................

Coweta.

.

Newnan

Monthly

C. S. C. and Tea.chers.

Crawford

,

Knoxville

June 26-29

,

H. R. Hunt.

Crisp

Cordele

Monthly

F. E. Land.

Dade....... ..

Trenton............ ..

June 18-21.

Kathleen Baker.,

Dawson'

Dawsonville :

June 2-6

H. R. Hunt.

Decatur.....

Bainbridge

June 25-29

G. D. Godard.

DeKalb

.. .

Decatur. . . . . . .. .

Monthly

C. S. U. and Teachero.

Dodge

Eastman

Tuly 2-6

N. E. Ware.

Dooly

,Vienna

Monthly

C. G. Power.

Dougherty

.

Douglas

Douglasville

August 27~31

W. E. Dendy.

Early. . . .

. Athens.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

June 25

Summer School.

Echols.................

.

.

Effingham

Guyton

June 17-21.

F. D. Seckinger.

Elbert.

Elberton... . .

June 25-29.. ..

Wilbur Colvin.

Emanuel.

.

.

Fannin.

Mineral Bluff

July 9-13

W. M. Johnston.

Fayette...

Fayetteville.........

June 9-13

M. I". BrIttain.

Floyd. ..

.. Rockmart

July 2-6

G. W. Macon.

Forsyth.

.. Cumming......

. July 2-6.

T. P Tribble.

Franklin....

Carnesville.......

.

July 9.14

J. W. Marion

Gilmer....

. Ellijay

July 3-6 .'

B. P. Gaillard and O. R. Ledford.

Glascock..

.

.

Gordon.......

. Calhoun

July.

.

Miss C. S. Parrish.

Grady.......

. Cairo.

Monthly

C. S. C. and Teachers.

Greene. . ..

Greensboro

August 1317

E. J. Robeson.

Gwinnett.....

.,Lawrenceville

June

C. R. Ware.

Habersham..

IClarkSVilJe

June 18-22

C. W. Grant.

Hall .. : ..... . ... . . . .

~~i.n~~~i.Jl~: . '. : : :. '. : : : ::: : : : :: .J u.~~ 1.8.-~~ .. : . : : : : . : : : : : : J. D. Smith.

Haralson...... Harris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Hart Heard
Hem;!'.......... , .. ,

Buchanan

June

Hamilton .

.Tune 25-28.. . . . . .

Hartwell..............

June 25-30

Franklin

June 26-30

McDoIlOU~h

, ..... ". Monthlr

E. H. Hamby. .. E. L. Brawner.
M. V. Looney. J. A. Pendergrast.
C. S.C. andTeacher.

':L'ABLE No. 'I-Continued.

COUNTY.

PLACE.

DATE.

INSTRUCTOR.

Houston. .. .

Perry

,

.

0 Monthly.

.0



0 0





C. S. 0. and Teachers.

Irwin .. o'

0 Norman Park

0 0 0 00 June 4-9.............

E. G. Hall.

Jackson

, Jefferson

J u n e 0 0 . 0 0 0 00

0 0 H. M. Ivy and H. R. Hunt..

Jasper .. Monticello. July 2-6 0



.0..

0 0 0 0.

Wilbur Colvin. 0 0

Jeff Davis

00. Hazlehurst.. . . . .. . .. . ..

June 11-16.. 0 W. A. Little.

Jefferson 0



Louisville

o 0

J u n e 0.000



,

A. F. Ware.

Jenkins o.

0 0 0 0



Johnston"

0 Wrightsville 0

January

C. S. C. and Teachers.

Jones

Gray

o' . June 9-13. D. L. Earnest. 0

0 0.0 0

0 0

Laurens

Dublin 0"

0"

J u n e 5-9 0 0 0 0.0

W. R. Lanier. 0 0 0.00.

Lee .... 0"

0"

0. 0 0



Liberty Lincoln

0"

0

0..

0 0.0

'"

Lincolnton 0

0"
August 13-17 .. 0.0 00 T. E. Hollingswort.h.

Lowndes. Valdosta. Monthly .. R. B. Daniel. 0 00'

0 0

0.0.0 0

0

Lumpkin

Dahlonega 0 0 0

July 9-13 .. B. J. Ferguson. 0.0

0"

0 0

Macon

0

0.0: Oglethorpe

00

July 9-13

J. P. Nelson.

Madison

00

Danielsville

July 2-6

J. H. Bailey.

Marion McDuffie

0

0 00 0.

0 0 0 0

0"

' Thomson , . . .

.

July 2-6

A. D. Kean.

McIntosh. 0 0 00 0

0 0 00

0

0

Meriwether .. 0 0 Greenville

November 8-13 .. 0 0

0.0.

C. S. C. and Teachers.

Miller

0 0....

0

Milton

Alpharetta

0 .. 0" "

June

0 00 W. H. Maxwell.

Mitchell

0 Albany

ApriL

0 0 T. J. Woofter.

Monroe

0

0 0 0 0.0

Montgomery

Mt. Vernon 0

June 11-15

0 .. F. A. Merrill.

Morgan

Madison 0 0

Monthly 0 0

0 0 0 0 .00 C. S.C. and Teachers.

Murray

Pleasant Valley

o'

July 16-20

Lula Glaiden.

Muscogee 0

o. 0 Columbus

0 00 o' June 11-15

Jo L. McGhee.

Newton

Oovington.. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. Monthly

,10. s. O. and Teachers.

Oconee ,

Athens.. , .. ' , ,

,'

Summer School.

Oglethorpe

Lexington.. . . . .. '

, ..June 18-22... ..

H. B; Wallace.

Paulding

Rockmart.

, ' , .. .July 2-0.... ..

G. W. Macon.

Pickens

Jasper....

. .July 2-6...

M. L. Parkpr.

PifJrce

.Jesup

,..

, .June 7

, U. R. G:enn.

Pike

Zebulon.......

..

.July

, .. ,

.J. D. Smith.

Polk

Rockmart

' .. '" .. '" .July 2-6 .. ' ., .'

G. W. Macon.

Pulaski

Hawkinsville.,

April30-May 4 , A. M. Duggan.

Pqtnam

'

Athens.

.

~ommer School.

Quitman...............

.

'

.

llabun .,

Clayton. . . .

.June 18-23.. ,

.J. W. Marion.

Rockdale

Conyers. . . . .

,

Monthly. .

0. S. 0. and Teachers.

Schley. . . . . . .. .

Ellaville

Monthly

' . . . .. 0. S. 0. and Teachers.

Screven

Sylvania

Tune 4-8.

. .. '., .. W. A. Mulloy.

Spalding

Griffin. .. .

March

J. D. Smith.

Stephens

Toccoa

.June

"

,

Wilbur Oolvin.

Stewart

Lumpkin

.June 18-21. ,

.J. M. Collum.

Sumpter

Leslie

".,

,., May 28. '...... . ..

R. E. White and G. \Y. Light.

Talbot ,............ . ' ' ,

'

.

Taliaferro, ..

,...................

.

.

Tattnall.. . . . . .. . . . . . . ..

.

.

Taylor................. ..,

,

.

Telfair

Mt. Vernon

,

.June

F. A. Merrill.

Terrell

Albany. . " . . . . ..

.

T. J. Woofter.

Thomas

Thomasville.. . . . . .

.

Monthly. ' . . .. .

C. S. 0. and Teachprs.

Tift ,........ .

Tifton.. . . ..

June............. . M. L. Brittain and J. N. Rogers.

Towns

, .. ' Hiawassee

, .June 17-23 '

A. B. Green.

Toombs

Lyons .. ;

, . . June 4-8 ,

, E. L. Ray.

Troup,

LaGrange

October

0. L. Smith.

Turner. . . .. .

Ashburn

,

Monthly

'

C. H. Bishop.

Twiggs

.Jeffersonville

, July 2-6

" .. . .. .J. E. Robeson.

Union ,

Blairsville

July'9-13.,

W. P. Lunsford.

Upson

, Thomaston .. ,

June 18-22

0. S. C. and Teachers.

Walker

LaFayette... . . . . ..

June 11-16

M. L. Brittain.

Walton

, Monroe ,

Monthl!

,

C. S. 0. and Tea~hersr

TAB:L~ No.7-Continued.

COUN'I'Y.

PLACE

Ware. .

IWaycross

Warren

Warrenton

Washington

.

Wayne

Jesup

Webster

Preston

White \.... .. Cleveland

Whitfield

Dalton

Wilcox

Rochelle

Wilkes

Washington

Wilkins.on

Irwinton

Worth

Sylvester

DATE.

INSTRUCTOR.

IJUI Y Monthly '...........
June 25-29 June 11-15
June 25-29 July 9-13 Monthly.. .
June 24-30 June Monthly

c. s. C. and Teachers.

C. S. C. and Teachers.

..

,

G. R. Glenn.

G. D. Godard.

J. W. Marion.

W. E. Bryan.

H. J. Lawrence.

T. E. Hollingsworth.

Mrs. P. F. Duggan.

C. S. C. and Teachers.

Tabulated Reports from Superintendents of Schools in Municipalities and School Districts. 1906
...


TABLE NO. I.
Number of Schools; Number of Teachers; Number of Normal Trained Teachers; Length of School Term; Average Monthly Cost per Pupil.
26 se

T.ABLE No. 1.

Number of Schools, Number of Teuhers, Number of Normal Trained Teachers, Length of School Term,

CITY, TOWN OR DISTRICT.

.Average Monthly Cost Per Pupil.

NUMBER OF SCHOOLS.

,05
::":';":

..c;i
...<I)
0
'0
0

-.".'0'."".

NUMBER OF TEACHERS.

WHITE:.

<I)

<I)
:'da

'd
6
<I)
t:r..

~
"0'"
Eo-

COLORED.

iJ

05 'd
~

'd
6 r;<.:lJ.

'd
"0'"
~

TOTA.L.

05 'd ~

05 'd
6
<I)

'd~ 1<..:.l:~ "l0'"

r;.:. c:J

~ui

6~

... ..<:1

o~

Z<ll

....

<I) ~

0'0

... (1)

<1)1::

,o'~

6f!
~~
Z

-oui
0..<:1 ..<:1i::
~o
o..O..o.~.~:
""'..<:16
b/l<.l.).
~~ H

~
..<:1.
~'::l
.:p,
O~
~P-.t..
<l)<pI), blI'
'" o:l"'"
.(.1. )0
~o
<I

Bibb ...................... 29 Chatham ................... 25 Fulton .................... 30 Glynn ..................... 21 Hancock ................. 28 Monroe ....... , ...... , .... 36 Randolph ............. , ... 17 Richmond ................ 28

19 48 31 56 13 43
. 19 40
32 60
39 75 24 41 20 48

3 118 121

6

17 114 131 11

7 56 63 ....

~ 40 42

1

6 33 39 11

3 40 43 4

10 28 38

6

12 108 120 10

I5490

46 70

16 24

,

16 25

28 39

40 44

24 30

41 51

I 9 158 167 122

9 $1 34

28 7

173 72

201 7lJ

."621

9 1 44 7 95

3 64 67 41

9, 1 30

17

61

78

0

8 1 69

7 80 a7 11

6

92

16 52 68 13 8 1 40

22 149 171 45 9 1 31

Adrian .. .... o. 1

1

2

Albany.................. , . 1

1

2

Americus.", ............. 2

1

3

AEhburn Athell8.,

... ...

, ... ....

.

.".,.............

.

J 6

1
~

2 8

Atlanta ..... , ....... , ....

6 29

Bainbridge ...... ", .. " , Blakely, .. , ...... " ....... Bluffton.... , ..... , ........

11

1 1
1

3 2
2

145

1

12

2

5

7

5

::I 10 ]2. 1

7

8

3 17 20 11

2 17 19

2 11 13

4 28; 32 18

1

8

9

1

2

3

2 10 12

2

2 28 30

2 11 13

4 39 43

21

16 236 252 3 53 56 19 289 308 200

4

9 13

1

2

3

5 11 16

11

1

7

8

145

2 11 13

9

1

2

3 ... ... 1

1

1

31 4

3

9 . ..... 9 1 29 9 1 23
~ I' '2'i7
!I 160 1 06 1 19
110

Boston ..............

1

1

2

2

3

5

1

1

2

3

4

7

6

8! 1 10

Calhoun................... 1

1

2

1

Ii

6

1

1

2

2

6

8

5

9 1 65

Canon..................... 1

1

2

Canton.................... 1

1

2

2

2

2

2

4

4

1

3

4

1

1

1

4

5

4

8

5

9 1 05



Cedartown ...

3

2

5

3

7 10

2

1

3

5

8 13

1

9 1 20

Clarkston ..... : : : : : : : : : : : : 1

1

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

5

Columbus ..........

7

3 10

6 51 57

3 22 25

9 73 82 74

9 1 19

Conyers ............. ::::: : 1

1

2

1

6

7

1

2

3

2

8 10

4

9 1 19

Cordele .............. '"

1

1

2

11 11

1

1

2

1 12 13 10

9 1 30

Cornelia ...... ........... 1

1

2

2

4

6

1

1

3

4

7

9 1 60

Covington................

1

1

2

1

6

7

1

3

4

2

9 11

11' 9

Dahlonega ......... .' .....

1

1

2

1

3

4

1

1

1

4

5

5

9 1 22

Dawson ................

1

1

2

Decatur................... 1

1

2

Doerun.................... 1

1

2

2 1

8 10

5

6

1

1 2

2 2

3 1

9 7

t~

9

9 1 56

6

8

1

2

g

1

1

1

3

4 3

9 1 25

. Douglas ................... 1

1

2

Dublin ................... 2

1

3

5

6 11

4 13 17

1 1

4

1 5

6 5

1~ I

12 22

11 13

10 1 18 9 140

Eastman .................

1

1

2

East Point ................ 1

1

2

Eatonton ...........

1

2

3

2 1

9 11

8

7

1 1

1 1

2 2

3 2

,10 ~

13 9

11

9 9

1 56

~ c

2

6

8

1

2

3

3

8 11

5

9

75

Ci:l

Edgewood........... :::::. 1

1

2

1

5

6

2

2

1

7

8

6

9 1 16

Fitzgerald ............. " . 1

1

2

1 12 13

1

2

3

2 14 16

9 1 31

Flintstone.................

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

8 1 53

Gainesville................ 1

1

2

2 14 16

1

4

5

3 18 21

8

9 1 03

Greensboro................ 1

1

2

1

4

5

1

2. 3

2

6

8

7

9 1 30

Griffin .... , . '" ........... 3

1

4

3 14 17

1

5

6

4 19 23

16

9 1 55

Hapeville ................ 1

1

1

2

3

1

2

3

3

9

Haralson. ... '0'

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

2

8

6 1 46

rlawkinsville............ 1

1

2

3

4

i

2

1

3

5

5 10

9 10 1 38

Hazlehurst................ 1

I

2

1

4

5

1

1

2

2

5

7

4

8

Hogansville ............... 1

1

2

1

4

5

1

1

2

2

5

7

6

9

Inman, S. D ..........

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

8 1 50

JesJlP ...... , ......... , ... 1

1

2

1

5

6

1

1

2

2

6

8

6

9 1 20

Kirkwood ................. 1

1

1

2

3

1

2

3

2

9

*LaFayette ..... _.0 . ' .. .

1

1

2

1 ...... 1

1

1

1

2

8

* ",sLimllted.

CITY, TOWN OR DISTRICT.

TABLE No.1-Continued.

NUMBER OF SCHOOLS.

"C:i

:a;cJD
~

.Q...)
0
'0
0

';"iJii
0 E-i

NUMBER OF TEACHERS.

WHITE.

a)

cD
':C:sil

'Cil
E

'@
;J

Ql

0

i>:<

E-i

COLORED.

..c..D..

cD
:'C:sil

OIl
E

'"iii
;J

Ql

0

i>:<

E-i

'rOTAL.

cD

cD
:'C:sil

'Cil
E
Ql

'd'Cil
r::;J
.o... lE-i

i>:< C!l

. ......
O... Il.'..". .1..:.1<..1d>
00
Zo<Il>
.... E-i 0'd
.... Ql a>r:: .0'-
Sf
oE-i Z

......
o0.'.;d' ..d"E
00
w::i;l
..0.. ..r.::.
.;.JdS....
bl)Ql
jE-i
~

...~ ... .;.Jd........'..
::0rs::P!=o.0.l.<t. <I> <I>!=l< bl);J
g;o O.... I l0" , -<

LaGrange ................. 3

2

5

2 16 18

3

6

9

5 22 27

27

9 $1 60

Lawrenceville ....

1

L

2

1

6

7

1

1

2

2

7

9

8

9

99

Lithonia .................. 1

1

2

1

5

6

2

2

4

3

7 10

4

9 1 40

Louisville ................. 1

1

2

Lumber Oity.............. 1

1

2

2 2

3 2

6 4

1

2

1 ......

3 1

3 3

5 2

8 5

7 3

9 8

.1..3..5

Madison. .............

Marblehill

'"

o-

1

1

2

J .. o. 1

2

7

9

1

2

3

3

9 J2 10

9 1 60

1

1

2

...... ......
0

1

1

2

.0 0'

7 100

Marietta .................

1

1

2

Menlo. ..... .......... ... 1 1 2

2 J

10 3

12 4

.....1.

5 1

6 1

8 15 18

1

4

5

18 3

9 1 40 8 100

Montezuma ............... 2

1

3

1

5

6

1

1

2

2

6

8

7

9 1 75

Monticello ................ 1

1

2

1

5

6

1

1

2

2

6

8

7

8 1 42

Moultrie ..... ... 0.0.0_ 1

1

2

2

7

$I

1

2

3

3

9 12

6

9 1 31

Newnan ................... 3

1

4

3 13 18

1

2

3

4 15 19 16

9 1 00

Nicholsl ....... ... .... 1

1

2

1

2

3

1 ....

1

2

2

4

-1

8! 1 18

*Oakland Oity............. 1

1

2

Ocilla ..... , ............... 1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

2

2

2

4

2 ti 8 1 ..... 1 3 6 9

1 8 ......

6

9 200

Oglethorpe ...............

1 0'

1

Pinehurst ................. 1

1

2

1 1

2 1

... 3 ..... - .... .. " 0'

2

2

2

1 1

2 8

3 4

2 9 ......

1

9 2 34



Rome ....................
Roswell. .................

5 1

1 1

6 2

1 24 25

1

4

5

1

7

8

1

o

1

2 31

2

4

33 " 0

6

4

9 1 25 9 1 25

Estimated:

Stone Mountain Thomasville Tifton Toccoa

!I: .

2

.

2

.

1

.

2

Trion

.1

1

Union Point

.1

1

2

Valdosta

, .. " . 2

2

4

Wadley

.

1

1

2

Waresboro

.1

1

Waycross

.1

1

2

West Point

.1

1

:!

Winder

.1

]

2

Totals., "

, . 380 278 658

1

2

3 ......

2 12 14

2

1

8

9

1

6' 7

1

1

4

5

1

4

5

1

2 16 ]8

1

2

4

6

1

2

2

2 16 ]8

1

3

5

8

1

2

6

8

1

194 1,293 1,487 117

1

1

35

12

2

3

78

1

2

3

4

12

]2

488 605

1

3

4

3

4 15 19

3

1

8

~

3

2

7

9

3

]

4

5

2

2

6

8

5

3 23 26 11

3

5

8

2

2

3 19 22 20

4

6 ]0

8

3

7 ]0

7

311 1,898 2,209 1,024

9 1 25

9 ......

9 1 46

9

9 1 72

8 75

9 1 00

9 1 25

5

9 1 31

9

9

87

1 29

TABLE NO.2. Enrollment; Attendance; Grades.

TABLE No.:2. Enrollment, Attendance, Grades.

CITY, TOWN OR DISTRICT.

WHITE.

~

til 0; :::g

'a6".>
~

0;
+'
0 ~

ENROLLMENT.

COLORED.
I

Q)

ai
~
::o:g:l

0;
S
Q) ~

0;
+'
0 ~

TOTAL.

0;

ai 0;

"0
't:l""

Q)
0; :::l

'" aS.> .~..
~ c!:l

ATTENDANCE.

.,j

ai
:+.a'
~

a...>.
0
'0
Co!

0;
+'
0 ~

GRADES.
I

rn

ao =P00=o..<...."..,.rf,

==0.. ...
0'"
Po<6ai

P0o<.0cc.:>rn

..o.. ._6a't.:>l

~~
.0

Ci':

.1.o.5...."C6.,.a1...c.>i!.:ll

o 1il Cf-fOOQ.:
.c:
1..5. i:bi3DC'"'

6.5
0
Z

.5 Z

SQ z0._

Bibb ...................... 2,227 2,336 4,563 1,588 ],931 3,519 3,815 4,267 8,082 3,548 2,317 5,865 4,864 2,477 741 Chatham.................. 2,549 2,727 5,256 1.818 2,406 4,224 4,367 5,133 9,500 4,607 :},5~7 8,]94 7,550 1,594 356 Fulton .................... 1,610 1,630 3,240 645 720 ],36'\ 2,255 2,350 4,605 1,894 940 2,834 4,251 324 30 Glynn ............ ........ 512 584 1,096 470 53,5 1,005 982 1,119 2,021 759 584 1,343 ],378 625 108 Hancock .................. 618 570 1,188 1,308 1,738 3,046 1,926 2,308 4,234 766 1,723 2,489 3,524 -126 115
Monroe ............. .0- . 864 902 ] ,770 1,464 1,820 3,284 2,332 2,722 5,054 1,107 1,525 2,632 4,561 319 174 Randolph ................ 661 698 1,3;;9 889 1.203 2,092 1,550 1,901 3,451 905 1,107 2,012 3,008 322 121 Richmond ....... '0' 2,020 3,022 5,042 1,990 1,518 3,508 4,010 4,540 8,550 3,598 2,645 6,243 7,044 1,330 ]76

Adrian ....................

47

95

... ... ]42

0 _

47 95 142 100 ...... ]00 80 32 30

A]bany .................... 225 235 460 125 135 260 350 370 720 441 208 649 475 145 100

Americus ........... .... 323 366 689 272 360 632 595 726 1,321 551 516 1,067 980 202 139

Ashburn .................. ]56 165 321 56 75 131 212 240 452 217 104 321 283 53 22

Athens.. ; ............

559 637 ] ,196 2\)0 412 702 849 1,049 1,898 730 430 ],156 ],504 116 161

no Atlanta ........ .......... 5,000 6,lfJ5 11,195 2,000 2,164 4,164 7,000 8,359 15,359 8,962 3,574 12,536 12,000 2,549 810

Bainbridge ................ 200 ~94 494 90

206 290 410 700 430 163 593 524 130 46

Blakely.................. 148 157 305 189 126 315 337 283 620 213 161 374 480 85 55

Bluffton ................... 57 53 110 25 27 52 82 80 162 103 34 137 102 30 30

Boston .... .............. 90 109 199 56 78 ~32 146 185 331 1 172 68 240 239 57 35

Calhoun................... 140 158 298 41 35 76 181 193 374 233 59 29:! 271 60 49

Canon..................... 44 44 88 19 34 53 63 78 141 80 23 103 84 57 ......

Oanton .............. ....

95 100 195 15 ]6 3l 110 n6 226 ]55 25 180 142 54 30

Cedartown .........

230 243 473 69 81 150 299 324 633 342 74 416 403 166 54

Clarkston ................. 14 20 34 10 12 22 24 32 56 25 16 41 37 18

1

Columbus .............

1,189 1,298 2,487 390 681 1,071 ,1,579 1,U79 3,558 2,313 996 3,309 1,760 1,183 224

Oonyers ................... 112 ]51 263 61 67 12~ 173 2]8 391 220 80 300 200 157 34

Cordele .................. 288 282 570 50 68 nR 338 350 6b8 364 49 313 393 223 72

Cornelia................... ]80 151 331 22 23 45 302 174 376 ]76 22 198 ]98 123 65

Covington ................. 17i'. 173 348 92 146 238 267 319 5R6 275 150 425 305 206 75

Dahlonpga ............. 73 102 175 15 ]8 33 88 120 203 ]41 24 1651 15~ 44 6

Dawson ................. ]50 ]54 304 1]0 161 271 260 315 575 246 112 358 351 135 89

Decatur ................... 131 108 239 69 88 157 200 196 396 208 134 342 203 177 III

Doerun.......... ....

76 64 140 12 15 27 8/S 79 167 100 20 120 127 10 30

Douglas .... ............. 223 179 402 Dublin .................... 315 385 700

20 25 45 243 204 4<7 85 155 240 400 540 940

295 472

35 330 299 82 174 646 380 448

66
112

>!'0

Eastman ........ .......... 149 174 323 48 57 105 197 231 428 262 66 328 186 174 68 ~

East Point ................ 200 243 443 Eatonton ................. \ 110 137 247 Edgewood ................. 94 134 228

58
90 35

62 120 258 305
120 :no 200 257
61 96 129 195

663 457 324

375
195 195

81 456 155 350 60 255

469 232 191

82 18 15e 69
133 ......

Fitzgerald................. 277 333 610 146 185 ail! 423 518 941 399 157 556 551 321 69

Flintstone................. 25 29 54 16 25 41 41 54 95 45 30 ~.u" 70 21

2

Gainesville..

.... 360 396 756 138 162 300 498 51)8 1,056 615 215 830 721 238 97

Greensboro ...... , ... '" ... 93 101 194 32 75 107 125 176 301 180 92 2/2 217 55 29

Griffin ..... " . . . . . . . , " . 388 371 759 170 13;) 305 558 506 1,064 452 200 652 729 285 50

Hapeville ................. 68 65 133

- .. ,- ......

68

65 133

110 0.

110

96 31

6

Haralson .................. .53 52 105 20 ]3 33 73 65 138 54 16 70 103 20 15

Hawkinsville.......... , ... 147 184- 331 70 90 160 217 27'1 491 262 130 392 310 125 .'J6

Hazlehurst................ 100 100 200 40 42 82 140 142 282 130 60 190 145 70 67

Hogansville. . . . . . . .. . ...

69 102 171 78 88 166 147 190 337 138 81 219 258 43 36

Inman S. D ............... -22 27 49 44 59 103 66 86 152

39 83 122 e4 23

4

Jesup ..................... 123 119 242 51 68 119 174 187 361 158 73 231 245 91 24

Kirkwood ................. 62 49 111 ............

62 49 111 92 ...... 92 87 18 6

TABLE No.2-Continued.

CITY, TOWN OR DISTRICT.

*LaFayette . .

.

LaGrange.. .

.

Lawrenceville

.

Lithonia

.

Louisville

.

Lumber City

.

Madison

.

Marblehill

.

Marietta

.

Menlo

.

Montezuma

.

Monticello. . . . . . . . . . .. ..

Moultrie

.

Newnan

.

Nichols... .

.

*Oakland City

.

Ocilla. .

.

'''Estimated.

WHITE.

ENROLLMENT.
COLORED.

44 59 103 22 27 49

28 295 593 159 234 393

125 140 26" ,')2 75 1~7

116 110 220 55 46 101

75 85 160 70 13u 200

43 47 90 46 48 94

1:!9 123 252 41

77 117

36

21i

Ii:!

. . ....

319 349 668 144 215 359

104 112 2Hi 18 17 3f>

95 94 189 104 137 241

128 113 241 3:1 66 \)9

250 21'0 530 60 77 137

g34 340 674 160 140 300

117 111 228 30 38 68

44 44 88 19 34 53

157 133 290 37 50 87

TOTAL.

ATTENDANCE.

66 86 152 457 529 981> 177 215 392 171 15t; 327 145 215 360 89 9:; 184 169 2110 369
:1ti 21i ti2
4tm 564 1,027 122 12\J 251 199 231 430 161 1711 340 310 357 (itil 494 480 Fl74 H7 149 29iJ 63 78 141 1941 J83 377

~
Q.o..).
(3
o

80 3f} 115

460 329 789

16f) 75 240

198 77 27f>

140 189 ::29

65 61 126

175 70 245

45

45

50B 248 751

l7f> 2!J 204

If>1 Hil 311

178 85 263

371 90 4G7

634 220 8. ,~

lUl 20 139

80 23 103

156 4i 197

GRADES.

124 211

4

715 29,,) 76

27., 81 36

200 103 24

242 85 33

124 40 14

244 71 54

51

11

G5!l 158 110

IH4 37 30

332 50' 44

1\12 Fl3 65

495 46 Fl6

784 112 78

209 79

8

84 57 ......

314 26 37

Oglethorpe.............. 64 56 120 ..... . ...... . ..... 64 56 120 99 . ..... 99 60 20 40

Pinehurst ................. 21 26 47 30 29 59 51 55 106 32 38 70 77 15 13

Rome

0

.0

586 646 1,232 232 252 484 818 898 1,716

Roswell .................. , 120 148 268 20 20 40 140 168 ;l08

817 317 1,134 1,206 307 155 151 34 185 258 38 12

Stone Mountain ........... 72 80 152 17 12 29 89 92 181

76 23 99 122 33 26

Thomasville. ........... ,. 250 285 485 120 165 285 370 390 760 47u 277 744 482 15:! 60

Tifton................... 162 200 362 ..... . . . . .. . .. , . 162 200 362 292 . ..... 292 268 65 29

Toccoa 0.0 0. Trion......................

105 237

220 224

325 461

25
.... .

40
.... ..

65
......

130 237

265 224

3fJ5 461

300 44 344 315 142 . ..... 142 408

50 30 53 . ... 5f)

Union Point.............. 105 43 248 52 54 106 157 197 354 184 74 25t:\ 215 89

Valdosta ....

0

Wadley ..... .......... ".

Waresboro ................

376 430 806 246 292 538 622 722 1,344

77 88 165 43 80 123 120 168 288

38

40

78 0 ..... . .....

38

40

78

74& 483 1,232 896 318 110 130 51 181 175 73 50 39 . .... 39 38 40 . .....

Waycross ................ 460 551 1,011 120 182 302 580 733 1,313 701 150 851 653 3M 294

West Point ............... ]47 157 304 92 95 187 239 252 491 242 108 350 282 12fJ 80

- - - - Winder ............ ...... -2-50

275

525

-

85
-

-

90 175
---

335
--

365
--

700 --

449
--

128
--

577
--

465
--

150
--

-

80
-

29,127 32,883 62,010 17.500 20,949 38,449 46,627 53,832 100459 47,011 26,670 73,681 74.040 19,8\)6 6,523

TABLE NO. 3. Financial.

'rABLb: No. ;3-Fiuancial.

RECEIPTS.

DISBURSEMENTS.

CITY. TOWN OR DISTRICT.

'8..
..c:.
.,'~"

a"8e

;;'H

I'Q

-'0
lLs
dS~~
'Hp::UJ
~g";C~
-8.:r-..t1

g~ .
~"O OO.;~ 'gp":: ..~. ""g-a
O::i~
-8.:r-...:I

II ,,;
's ~ ~
~ll g
P:: OUJ
+<='80 5~
-8.:

Bibb

$

$ 44.610 461$ 54.060 04 $ 3.050 151$

Chatham

. 9.156 88 47.980 14 115.000 00 11.617 911

Fulton

,.

76 48 17.549 84 23.493 48

620 80

Glynn

. 569 59 9.991 92 40.417 58 1.874 30

Hancock

:'..', .

14.56f 14 3.771 84 2.538 001

Monroe

. 524 62 14,757 16

113 15

Randolph ...................... 869 66 14,994 36 3.704 55 2,212 56

Richmond

. 247 43 44,618 34 61.181l 40 8,045 42

Adrian

..

Albany

..

Americus....................... 216 46

Ashburn

.

Athens

.

Atlanta

..

Bainbridge

..

Blakely

..

Bluffton

..

Boston......

12 56

Calhoun

.

Canon

.

Canton

.

Cedartown

.

Clarkston.......................

75 00

Culumbus..........

2.341; 3J

Conyers

.

Conle;e

3,894 36

Cornelia ......................................

834 90 4.600 00 4. 89 63 1.125 30 7.347 54 55.978 57 3.166 50 2.492 00
994 62 855 34 875 00 64372 325 00 2.602 32
3.21808 6367 1.224 86 2,609 62
715 00

800 00 4.500 00 11.729 65 2.500 00 19,6 0 00 217.959 35 4,000 00
1.019 00 1.286 00
1,70000 2,500 00
631 41.811488 75
2.465 60 3,674 95 1.250 00

121 10
63 1.500 00
1,023 324 70 ' 428 00 400 79 1 700 00'
1,988 501 818 00'1
1.686 14 674 00'
I1
350 00 1.702 58
11.02142 0450 716 50
1.572 39[ 1.450 00

...r.J.i
f;i
0
~
..:I
.0~..

,
j 101,710 65$
183,753 93 41.740 60 52,853 39 20,833 36 15.394 93 21,781 13 114,091 59

1
4,410 00 $ 60,049 751$ 14,130 00 $ 18.688 44 $ 2.11800't 99,396 19/$ 2,314 46

4,70000 86,88897 23,44700 40,071 311 20,34600 175,453 28 8.30065

1,800 00 14,808 18 2,250 00 4,068 20

680 64 1 23.607 02 Ul,133 58

2,400 00 15,116 00 2,300 00

31,493 941 51,309 94 1.543 45

1.250 00 14.620 72 4.052 00

366 67

543 97 20.833 36

.

660 00 8.720 10 4,749 30

599 89, 14,929 29 665 64

1,000 00 15.307 03 3.565 75

214 56

461 92 20.549 26 1,231 87

3,000 00 52,965 64 22.000 00 12,600 02 27,120 521117'686 18

..

1.755 00 1 500"iio 1,500 00

10.600 00

69 30

17,659 37 1,500 00 10,289 97

4.05000 27.402 54

.. ..ii:riooiio

3.240 00 19.024 54

274.338 71 4.600 00 176.77528

7.866 50 1.400 00 4.481 95

4.480 50 1.100 00 2;743 00

1,812 62

19 89 1.260 00

3.573 04

.. 2,235 00

2,835 00

. 2,430 00

643 72 2,375 00

.. .

1.~~Z gg

6.804 90

.. 5.314 00

6::~~~ ~11:::::2~:2~O:~

32,~~ ~g
3,295 00

11.751 32 1,200 00 4',475 00

3,415 00 ........._...... 3,025 00

255 00

1.755 01

.

2,160 00 3,15000

10 00 10.600 00 650 48 1,390 05 1 16,980 50

.. 678 87

810 00

4.050 00

.

2,862 00 1.298 35 2.175 94 27,360 83

41 71

24.732 99 43.05024 25.18020 274.33871

..

800 00

200 00

135 00 7,016 95 849 55

562 50

75 00

4.480 50

.

98 20

350 00

84 53 1,812 62

.

400 00

901 76 3,576 36

36 02

m ::::::::::: : 225 00

180 00 2.835 00

..

g~ 40000 '........siiori 2.~~ Z~

225 00

1,155 681 6,693 68 111 22

8.~g~ ZZ!'''19)iS3''S4 ....Z:267iiol 65.~~~ Tl 3,O~g ~~

507 00

516 41

260 00 4.578 41

522 00 ..

1.169 00 7,366 00 4,385 32

180 00, 1,282 00

160 00 4,647 00

Covington ..................... Dahlonega.....................

37802 ~19 64

1,~~~ +~I

2,500 00 1,250 00

1,133 33 10700

5,42005 2,995 38

.......t.9.l.!.0....0.0.

2,43000, 1,450 001

72000 180 00

43246 308 94

........3..7..2..9..5.

4,935 41[ 4f4 64 1,9.30 94 I,Oc6 44

Dawson........................ 47567 Decatur ........................ 41500
Doerun .......................... 277 57 Douglas ........................ ...............

1,93084!
1,040 6O[
37268 90024

3,892 77 1,804 .4

1,450 00

73800

715 2,991

15 76

........1..8..5..2..9.

8,104 3,543 1,550
3,892

02 60 60
10

...............1......,...2......0...0.........0......0...

~:~~~ ~gl
1,314 00 3,500 00

54000 1,484 11

495 00 5000

........6..4..0..3..0.

3500U

35 10

32303 75 00
103 33
700

b,104 02 ......

3,546 30

2 70

1,467 33

8327

3,892 10 ...............

Dublin ........................... 1,097 83

Ea.stman........................ 700 00

East Point..................... Eatonton .......................

..............................

Edgewood .....................

Fitzgerald ..................... 11935

Flintstone ..................... 41700

Gainesville..................... Greensboro ....................

......1..2..4..9..7.

Griffin ........................... 4,344 67

Hapeville.......................

9134

21,,28850100401 1,183 00 2,300 00
96558 1,950 94
21623 3,844 74 1,266 65 t,111 06
44594

6,264 18 3,181 00 2,693 75 1,800 00 2,353 76 6,046 42
54060 3,425 00 1,500 00 6,000 00
300 00

2,424 88 1,300 00
51700 1,500 00
9400 99472
5788
787 74 42000 2,845 75 62070

14,562 30 1,250 00

6,461 00 1,000 00

3,593 75

90000

5,600 00

90000

3,413 34 9,111 43

....i;iioidIO

1,231 8,182

71 45

..i:zoooo

3,18665
17,827 48 1,457 98

.... '1:50000 .................

7,425 00 1,125 00 3,344 44

59866

3,644 00

485 00

60000

180 00

1,833'75 2,1)10 00

40500 67500

10500 25000

........3..5..0..0..0.

2,40944

41300

291 35

29955

5,046 67 32000

517 50 28000

196 97 945

........9..5..8..7..1.

6,40826 1,082 20

12298

372 00

2,34000

60000

20000

4665

8,049 1,024

54 50

.....1..,.3..0.5....0.0.

1,506 04
.................

.................
142 75

13,743 00 1,019 30

5,909 3,593

00 75

.......5.5..2..0..0.

4,335 3,413

00 34

....1..,2..6..5...0.0.

7,719 85 1,391 58

60945 62226

.. 7,985 44 19701
3,186 65 ............

12,360 58 5,466 9J

1,167 25 290 73

Harralson ..................... ........ i..75
Hawkinsville .................

251 00 1,595 44

38000 5,000 00

5025 1,693 00

68125 8,290 19

....i',2oo00

57000 3,350 00

6750 87000

3240 ..............

842 17

24880

66990

11 35

6,510 97 1,779 22

Hazlehurst .................... Hogansville .................

.. .. 293..25

Inman S. D ....................

25 75

Jesup ............................. Kirkwood ......................

1,153 16
...............

';LaFayette.................... LaGrange, .....................

..............................

78600

900 00

20000

1,640 58 65825

.....1..,.9..3.7....2.2.

44600
.................

834 290

90 40

.....2..,.3..4..4..9..8.

7693 1,750 00

571 12 .................

300 00

4,036 79 7,588 25 3,544 16

1,886 4,417

00 05

....i','(i3ii32

68400 5,102 39

....2','25000

871 12 .................

2,04040 .................

15,16920 1,440 00

855 00 1,935 00
49500 2,250 00 1,530 00
75000 8,796 50

360 00 10000 .................

45000 137 50

........4..5.0....0.0.

30625
.................

54000

47500

60300

121

12

.....7..,.0.0..0...0.0.........

60000 ..........

2,587 50 1,598 05

747 16

1,315 00 571 00

4,174 57 24240

632 50

57 5U

3,868 00 1,234 39

9,130 00 98066

871 12 ............... 15,169 20 ...............

.>..!..'-.
01

Lawrenceville ............... Lithonia........................

....2.,.1..0.1....0.0.

Louisville......................

Lumber City.................. 35603

984 00 1,657 00 1,225 <\0
590 08

1,250 00 2,400 00 1,200 00
597 15

70000 1,000 00
71 00 80535

5,035 00 1,000 00

5,057 00 2,496 00
2,348 61

..................................................

2,060 00 3,175 00 1,500 00 1,302 50

450 00 1,450 00

74000 496 00 140 00

................3....0....0....0....0..

75 00 20000 50000
21671

5,035 00 .. .............

4,415 2,496

00 00

.......6.4..2..0..0

1,659 21 68940

Madison ........................ 1,863 97 1,420 89 2,90000 1,213 49

Marblehill .................... Marietta........................

"'2;4'40'98

~39 82, ................ 1,410 00 5,08942

82 50 3,855 57

Menlo............................ Montezuma....................

..............................

72500 1,330 57

800 00 1,500 00

21400 1,619 43

Monticello .....................

1,759 84 1,875 19 57500

Moultrie ........................

76 95

Newnan ........................ Nichols .........................

.... .. ij2i

'Oakland City ............... ...............

2,124 99
7,307 20 21400 67550

.. 2,527 19 3,49423
2,50000 ...............

93324 30000

........3..1.0....2.3.

Ocilla ........................... ...............

66426 2,365 44 1,114 30

Oglethorpe .................... ............... ................. 60000 1,025 00

7,398 322

35 32

......1.,.1..0..0...0.0.

12,795 1,739 4,550

97i 00 00

1,50000
..................................

3,710 03 .................

8,22336 1,200 00

9,80720 1,466 68

.....1..,.5..0.0....0.0.

97550 4,146 00 1,625 00

....l,'zoo 00 .................

3,172 00 31500

........6..7..5..0..0.

51707
.................

9927 600

6,230 63 1,647 00 1,845 57 1,71738

1,360 00 15000 .. ............... 10000

3,550 00

50000

100 00

30000

2,610 00 3,890 20

30000 96060

25000 1,316 77

........1..8..5..0..0.

6,661 00 1,093 00

20U 00

35320

97000 790 00

23200 15000

........1..7..8..7..6.

2,155 00 1,35000

........3..1..5..0..0.

............~ ....
150 00

51 66 3550 47600 12500

5,563 34 1,835 01

. 321 00

132

12,940 58 ..............

1,610 00 12900

4.450 00 10000

3,345 00 36500

7,160 57 1,062 79

. . . . . 9,807 20 ...............
1,~~~ ~gl ~~ 76

4,146 00 ............... 1,625 00' .............

P R

inehu ome ..

r..s.t...

....................
-...................

.

......1..2..7..7..8.

Roswell..........................

2 88

Stone Mountain. .-..........................

326 90 5,277 88 1,030 03
66550

642 70 10,760 00
861 a5 48629

764 44 2,196 35
286 18
27063

1,862 62 17,234 23 1,963 44 1,422 42

......u.......1.:.8._.0...0u..0....0..

990 00 11,972 00 1,800 00 1,181 00

21875 2,490 00
12000
19573

48140 972 23

.. ......1..0..9..1..7.

7885

833

40 00

71 40

1,799 32

63 30

17,234 23' ...............

2,007 18' ...............

1,488 13! 66 71

':'A home furnished rent free.

tEstimated.

CITY, TOWN OR DISTRICT.

TABLE No.3-Continued.

RECEIPTS.

DISBURSEMENTS.
Amount Paid to Teachers.

TABLE NO. 4. School Houses; School Libraries.
2"1 Be

TABLE No.4-Schoolhouses; School Libraries.

SCHOOLHOUSES BELONGING TO BOARD SCHOOLHOUSES NOT BELONGING TO

OF EDUCATION.

BOARD OF EDUCATION.

...

...

CITY, TOWN

.D41

ai

.D41

ai

OR DISTRICT.

-d

.a..,i ai 4..1. ai

:a
~

..~....
:o>l

0
"0
0

~
Ol
:>

S
~
Z
...o.....,l.
0
H

~

~

:>
~...,
0
H

.a..,i
:a
~

cD
~
~
:>

-4.d.1.
..0....
0
0

ai
~
~:>

S
z~
...<....I.S,.
0
H

~
:~>
~...,
0
H

NEWSCHOOIr HOUSES.

.=:.
'~ ~ o <C
~O..>....

S ... ."4D'lb.Q~I)
~~
z~

ai
~
:~>

....
0
4lp:,
..~.........,.
.a.:.o>.l,lp4...g.1.,..ol41 So:S ~o
~'"

SCHOOL LIBRARIES.

.,; i>

.;4:1; .... S41

a..l...Do..l SH .D'~

.D.ao ..l..:O~ .>...
E

~

~

ZZ

ai
::l ~
:>

Bibb ........... 39 $ 209,600 19 $ 27,050

Chatham

15 181,650 :3 50000

Fulton ......... 27 45,500 1

200

Glynn .......... 13 50,000 6 6,000

Hancock ....... 24 32,000 2 1,500

Monroe ....... 14 2,800 1

200

Randolph . . . . . 9 7,750 ... ....... -

481$ 236,650 . $ .... .. .... $ .... .. .... $ '0' 3 $ 6,100 $ ......

2" 18 231,650 6 234,500

13,000 34 247,000 1 30,000 .....

:i8 45,700 3 6,000 12 4,000 15 10,000 4 12,000 6,000

19 56,000 . . 26 33,500 3

700

17

...... 1,800

. ".
20

, .... . .
2,500

. ... ....

........
........

5,000 5,000

15 3,000 19 13,000 10

800 29 13,800 .... .. ..... 1,500

g 7,750 8 12,400 24 5,000 32 17,400 . , .. , ...... 1,200

36 8,0001$ 5,000 19 3,200 1,100
20 1,600 600 3 2,300 2,000 16 2,000 1,400 4 1,850 550 14 600 250

........
00

Richmond ...... [ 30 200,000 20 25,000 50 225,000 1 5,000

........ 1 1 5,000 . ., ..... 30,000 20 3,500 1,500

Adrian ......... 1

400 1

Albany ......... 2 34,000 1

250 4,000

2 3

650 38,000

.. ..

. ......
. ......

....
... .

.. ... .. .
... .....

. ... ..

..... ..
'0'

. ..
1

. ...... 0' 30,000 1,500

1 1

150 200

75 80

Americus

1 20,000

Ashburn ....... 1 1l,000

Athens

4 37,500

Atlanta ........ 22 350,000

Bainbridge ..... 2 14,000

Blakely ....... .. ..

Bluffton

1 2,500

Boston ... " ... 1 4,000

1 1 2 6 1
4 1 1

5,000 500
8,000 40,000
2,000
600 500
1,500

2 2
6 28

25,000 11,500 45,500

1 .. 2

300
........
8,000

.. - .
... ....

......
. .. ..... .

o.
..

. ...1
2



300 . .., ...
8,00e

. ... .. . . ..

....... .
0'

390.000 1 1,000 .... . ...... 1 1,000 1 40,000

2,000 1,500
3,000 50,000

3 16,000 ..

4

600 1

... . ...... -
5,000 ... . . . .. . . .

... ..... . ... ...... . 5,250
1 5,000 .. . ....... . .......

2 3,000 .. ....... . ... . ..... ... .... ....... . .. .. ....... . . ......

:! 5,500 .. . ....... . .. ....... .. . ...... . ... . . .. 1,000

1 325 1 800 31 6,300 23 10,000 1 250 1 200 1 100 1 300

160
350 2,100
5,000 250 1i0 50 200

Calhoun ....... 2 7,500 1

750 3 8,250. , ....... ... . ........ .. . ...... 1 1,500 1.000 1 207 100

Canon....

1 8,000 1

~0000 2 8,200

Canton

1 2,500 1

..

2 2,700 ..

..

'1" ...

. ..

.

. ..
100 1 300: I 150

Cedartown

1 15,000 1

500 2 15,500..

1 9,000 . . . . . . . 1 700 400

Clarkston......

..

1 1,000 1

150 2 1,150...........

75

.

Columbus. . . . . . 8 200,000 4 25,000 12 225,000.......... 1 2,000 1 2,000 1 62,000 30,000 1 5,000 5,500

Conyers. . . . . . . . 1 5,gOO 1 1,000 2 6,000 . .

1

250 1

250 . . ..

2,500 1 600 500

Cordele. . . .. . . . 1 25, 00 1 3,000 2 28,000... . . . .. . .

. .. '"

. ..

3,000 1 100

60

Cornelia.. .. .. . 1 5,000 1

250 2 5,250..

'"

1 1,200

100

..

Covington...... 1 15,000 1 2,5QO 2 17,500..

Dahlonega. . . . 1 2,500 . ..

1 2,500 . .

1

~50 1

250 .. "

650 1 400 100 500 1 350 175

Dawson..

1 20,000 1 4,000 2 24,000....

..

1 4,000 1,825 1 500 250

DeCl1tur...

1 1,000 1

200 2 1,200.... "

..

1 350 200

Doerun........ 1 1,200........... 1 1,200.......... 1

100 1

100.... ........

250 1 200 100

Douglas........ 2 12,500........... 2 12,500............................................. 1,000 1 1,000 300

Dublin. . . . .

2 30,000 1 2,000 3 32,000

"

. .. ,

2,500

.

Eastman.

1 10,000 1 1,500 2 11,500.....

. ...

1 200 100

East Point.. . . . 1 7,000 . . .

1 7,000 ..

. . ..

.

.

Eatonton.. . . . .. 1 7,500 1 500 2 8,000 ..

.. .

3 500 250

Edgewood.. .. . 2 15,000 1 2,500 2 17,500....

....

900 1 86

40

Fitzgerald. .. . . 2 10,000 2 2,000 4 12,Ono.. .. .. . . ..

. ..

1

825 3,000 1 500 200

Flintl!ltone...... ... ....... ...

.. ...... 1 ],100 1 500 2 1,600............

50.... ..... .. .....

Gainesville..... 1 30,000 1 1,000 2 31,000............................................ 1,000 3 200 125

Greensboro. . . . 1 2,000 1

700 2 2,700 ..

400

.

Griffin . . . . . . . . . 3 45,000 1 5,000 4 50,000...

"

2 600 600

i :::::::' .. ~:~:~~~~.'.'.'.'.:

i:~gg:::

1 ...1~~~0:: .::':::: '''i iilO "1

ioo::: :::::::: .::::.:: :::: ::::: :::::::

Hawkineville.. ] 15,000 1 2,(100 2 17,000

Hazlehurst... 1 1,500 1

500 2 2,000~..

,. "

1 225 225

250 1 50

25

Hogansville.. . . 2 5,400]

800 3 6,200 .:

!.

1

400

400 1 1QO

50

Inman, S. D... 1 1,000 1

150 2 1,150.'

..

200

..

Jesup. .. .. .. ] 12,500 1 2,500 2 15,000

'"

..

300 1 500 225

Kirkwood ;. 1 6,500 . ..

1 6,500 .. ..

1 6,500

500 . . ..

.. .

*LlIFayette

1 1,200 . . .

. . 1 1,200 . .

.. 1

250. .

150

.

LaGrange

2 19,500 1 2,500 3 22,000 1 2,000' 1 1,800 2 3,800. . .

2,500 4 2,51i0 1,600

Lawrenceville. . 1 6,000 1 500 2 6,500 1 1,000 . . ..

11 1,000 . . . . 1,500 1,000 1 100

50

"'Estimated.

TABLE No.4-Continued.

SCHOOLHOUSES BELONGING TO BOARD

OF EDUCATION,

...

CITY, TOWN

..IDc

OR DISTRICT.

S

ai
:~ .a
~

cD
::l
";
>

..c:;;
I.D..
0
'0
0

cD
::l
";
>

-::l
Z

.

<!l
~

0

8

SCHOOLHOUSES NOT BELONGING TO NEW l;CHOOL

BOARD OF EDUCATION.

HOUSES.

-<!l
~ o 8

....
0
ID~
::l~
->'g". 0il1D
"I D0p' ". . ~ ...
<!lID
S'5
~O
!ll
f';l:l

SCHOOL LIBRARIES.

,,; iii

...- .;ID:: .... SID
Oil 0::l
a..>..:.9. IDO

'8 H '8>

::l

::l

ZZ

-ai
::l
>Oil

Lithonia ....... Louisville ...... Lumber City... Madison......... Marblehill ..... Marietta ....... Menlo .......... Montezuma .... Monticello ..... Moultrie ....... Newnan .. Nichols......... *Oakland City.. Ocilla ......... Oglethorpe ..... Pinehurst ..... Rome .......... Roswell ........ Stone Mountain Thomasville .... Tifton .........
*Estimated.

1$ 4,000 .. , $

1 1

10,000 7,000

...
...

.......

o.
..

1 28,000 1 7,000
1 1,000 ..

1 1

15,000 1,000

1
...

5,000

2 6,500 1

200

1 4,000 1

750

1 30,000 1 2,000

3 30,000 1 3,500

]

800 ..

1 8,000 ]

200

1 12,000 ] 1,000

1 8,000 1

500

1 2,250 ..

5 60,000 ] 7,000

1 1,500 .. ....

1 ],000 ]

400

1 2

12,000 34,000 .

1

.

.

.

2,000 .....

1$ 4,000 .. $ 1 10,000 ..

1 $ 800 1 $ 800 $

$

1 1,800 1 1,800 . . ..

1 7,000 ..

..

1 7,000

2 35,000 ..

. . . . . .. . ..

1 1,000 ..

. . . . . . ..

2 20,000 ..

. . ..

1 1,000 ..

. . ..

2 6,700 ..

2 4,750 . .

. . ..

2 32,000 ..

4 33,500 1 1,500 .. . . . . . . . . 1 1,500 ,

1

800

1

500 1

500

2 8,200 ..

. ..

...

2 13,000.

2 8,500 ..

1 2.250 ..

1

350 1

350 . ..

6 67,000..

1 1,500 ..

1

75 1

75 . . ..

2 1,400 ..

. . . .,

. \.

2 14,000 . . . .. .. ..

..::

.

2 34,000 . .

..

. . . 1 30,000

400 1,000
2,200
4,800
1,000 4,000 4,000
500
6,000 900 350
5,000 75 250
1,500 1,000

1 100 $ 2 400 1 300 1 480 1 400 2 800 1 125 1 1,500 1 350 1 560 1 400
1 70 1 500 1 700 1 200 1 1,000 1 35 1 75 1 2nO 1 350

125 420 75 360 .200 450 35
800 200 400 500
. 40 400 500 200 800 25
75 200 200

.... Toccoa. ...... .
Trion o' Union Point....
.. Valdosta. ........ Wadley ........ ...... Waresboro .....
. Waycross ......
West Point ..... Winder ...
-- --- - - - -

] 10,000 1

500 2 10,500 . ........

1 3,500 .. . 1 4,000 1 2 50,000 ' ..

1,000

1 2 2

3,500 5,000 50,000

. . .

.......
... ..... ......

1 15,000 1 1,000
1 1,000 .. . ....... .

2 16,000 .

1

1.000 . 0

1 30,000 1

8,000

2 38,000 .. 0

1 12,000 1 1,000 2 13,000 . ....... .

2

10,000 --

-

1
-

-

-8-00

-

3
-

10,800
--

-

. .....
--

. ' " . ' "
0
2
. ' "
." .....
'" .

o
....... .
2,500
. .... .. '
.0
. .......
0
0.0

.... .... ... .....
2 2,500
. ... ... . 0
... . . .......
..0. ........ .... .. . . .. . .
- ---

.... . ......

... . . .......

.. . ........

, ....

... .... ....

..
. , ..

. .......
. . . . ... .

. ..

1 - -4,0-00

........
5,000
... .....
....... 5,000 1,200 1,200
---

1 1 2 1 1 ... 1 1 1
-

500 200 241 100 400 400 800 500
600 500
... ...
500 500 450 500
250 - -1-00

292 2,179,750 116 $255,900 408 2,435,650 50 $292,500 10i $ 36,025 15i $328,525 2l $ 246,0:!5 $208,875 259 69,429 $43.005

Institutions of Higher Learning.

NAME OF INSTITUTION.

COUNTY.

..=.. .~s Nop.ilosfAPdu'

.t
r

~e~=5

,; ~
POSTOFFICE. ~

White.

til
.5

~u..J~~e

~~,:~;m '~3

~ ,O~S

BRANCHES TAUGHT.

t Agnes Scott College

, DeKalb

Agnes Scott School of Mu-

sic, Art and Expression., DeKalb

Decatur Decatur

,48 38

161161 9 Regular College Course

.

1 208208 9 j Pi~a:nionc, lV':o:i~poe~,;. O~~r;g~a:n.,"rVetiOic)ailn'r

Agnes Scott Academy

DeKalb

Decatur

10 166 166 9 { CocloleugresePlreeapd.ibnrgatnocFhreess;h4myerns

Andrew Female College Randolph Cuthbert

3 8 150 ....... ". B.L., B.S. and A.B. Courses......

BessI.e Tift C0 lelge'............... Monrae

Bowden College

Carrol!.

F orsyth Bowden

, 518 380380 9 {Nainndthalal nthdeTCeonltlhegGerbardaenscahneds fl

8::i< f 24 6 153 129 282

1j Collegiate and Music. (En- l ~~.t~~~~~i.~~: ..~a.ti~~

Brenau College,Conservatory Hall *Cox SouthernFemaleCollege Fulton

Gainesville

718

College Park.

t 300 300

All usual in College Course.

9{ ".. :

Domestic Science, Art"
~.r~~~~.l\I~~~~ '.' :::::::::".

Emory College

Newton

Oxford

16 309

9 Collegiate Courses

.

Georgia Normal and Indus-l

trial College

f Baldwin

Milledgeville 519 417 417 9 Collegiate, Normal, Industrial

Georgia School of Technology Fulton

LaGrange Female College" Troup

Lucy Cobb Institute

Clarke

Marist College with Gram- } mar High School and Fulton Collegiate Department...

Atlanta, Ga
LaGrange Athens Atlanta

(Mathematics, Chem i s try, ]

I Mechanical Engineering,

40 1558

r I English, Electrical Eng.,

558

~
9I

Civil Eng., Experimental Eng., Physics, Drawing.

l Physical Cult., Mod. Lan.. guages, Tex. t- ng., Min. J Eng., Geology, Shop-Work

414 18

l221221 9
250 .. ". 10

COllege Curriculum of the 1

M. E. Church, South, and I

Preparatory School of the]

Seventh, Eighth, Ninth

and Tenth Grades

..

Literature, Science, Mathe- I matics, Languages, His- ~

1 tory, Music

J

6th, 7th, 8th Grammar

10 .. , 110

grad",,; High School \.

9{

Courses, Classical, Scien- I

tific, Commercial

J

*Mercer University

Bibb

Macon"

.

N. L. W. COllege.

Johnson

Wrightsville .." 2 7160185345

... N~~~l gJf.:~~

~~~,~.I.~

I f

Lumpkin ...... Dahlonega......" 10

3177

29206

Piedmont College

Habersham Demorest.. . 5 15 183 199382

Provision for Colleg i ate, }

[

Classical Course. 1908 Freshman

In 1907..

19 {Cogi'::~".~,~~~.l ~~~..?~~~~~} Usual College Course. TO-}

9 gether with Agriculture

and Mining "

..

9 {E\~~ia~r:...~~~~~.~~:.~~~}

Shorter College

Floyd

Rome

. 7 20 ..... 255 ..... 9 All Ordinary Collegiate Studies

Southern Female (Cox)
2~~e~lf:;~&oC~~;:~~~ Fulton"......... College Park.... 817 ..".175175 8y'1Collegiate and Fine Arts,." ........

tory]

J

"';'State Normal School

I]Clarke

Athens

820 61393 454

j Tt~an~he~~a:rao~~~~;~1 School and Instrumental

Music. Manual Arts, Ele-

9/ mentary Agriculture and

I

I Nature Study. Domestic

Arts and Culture.

Science, Physical Practice school

J

training in teaching

.

~Ui!:~~&teg~ji~!~} C~arke Athens

" f ....

..

'Wesleyan Female College BIbb

Macon

" ."" "'"

..

) ~IrE~f~::. t~~fnu~:~~i;':,d Young's Female College..... Thomas......... Thomasville"... 3 14 ..... 143 ..."\ .. ,,,

\ Literat're, Mod Languages

& Literature, Hist'ry, Phi-

losophy. Bible. Economics.

sCicviile

Science, Nat u r a I n c es, Mathematics,

Physical Culture, Expres-

l sion, Music. Art

.

NoReport.

t Tuition free-cost to State

DEGREES CONFERRED.

........

.S!

'""
1'0>.

~
~
..::I

..o.. ~i:' :9
zd..::l

'l)
.E"
~

8"'~': .'"~

~! "" b:5~

.="=~.
Il:la

~.~

.... 0
~~
~"'Elo)<

00'
f:1
.".e..":
>

~
.c:
.."rll
~-g
"'t:~
6.9 -a< il

NAME AND OFFICIAL TITLE OF
PRESIDING OFFICER.

B.A............................................. 2,602 $2,800 $
......................................................

$363,000 $10,000 F. H. Gaines, President.
'.

B.L.. B.S.. B.A.....................

2,000

. 6 00 100,000

A.B.. B.S., B.L.. M.M., B.M........... 2,000 2,000 4 50 200,000

Rev. J. W. Malone, President. C. H. S. Jackson, President.

A.B., B.S.................

350 400 2 10 20,000

W.P. Lunsford,A.B., President.

A.B.. B.L., L.I., B.O., M.M........ 4,000 2,500 5 50 125,000

Ii: "fp~~oose ~ Asso. Presid'ts.

......................................................

B.A.. B.S. B.Ph.. M.A

3OOO0t

A. W. VanHoose, Asso. President

60 00 25,000 228000t James E. Dickey, D.D

..

2,000 2,000

170,000

M. M. Parks, President.

Bachelor of Science in fOllow-1 ing Departments: 1. Mech.
1Eng.; 2. Elect. ~ng.; 3. Civil J' Eng.; 4 TextIle Eng.; 5. Mining Eng.; 6. Chemistry; 7. Engineering Chemistry...

4,000

4,500 .........

325,000

K. G. Matheson, A.M., L.L.D. President.

A.B., B.S....................................... 2,300 2,100 6 00 135,000 23,000 Rufus W. Smith, President.

900 ......... 5 00 40,000 B.A.. B.S....................................... 3,000 7,500 8 00 90,000

Mrs. M. A. Lipscomb, PrincipaL Rev. Jno. E. Gunn, D.D.

A.B., B.S., M.M.. M.A................... 500 700 2 50 30,000

Wm. F. Quillian, President.

A.B., B.S., M..B, B; Agri., B. Ped... 5,000 2,500 1 00 50,000

G. R. Glenn, President.

A.B., B.S., B.L B.A., B.L., B.S., M.A.

2,700 2,500 2 00 32,000

John C. Campbell, President.

5,000 5,000 6 50 200,000 45,000 Thos. J. Simmons,A.M..L.L.D.,Pres

A.B................................................ 5,000

A. J. Moncrief, President.

L.I..................

5,670 5,200 U5 11 226,000

E C. Branson, President

........

'"

~............................................................................................,

.

A.B.........

500

30 00 100,000 5,000 J. Cochrane Hunt, President.

.*' Pupils in Practice Schooll05-total 543.

426

NAME OF INSTITUTION.

'INO' of Pupils Adm'd.

~ I] I . . Z 8 COUNTY. P03TOFFICE. ;," il ,~B~

0

~.l!

,!j 'I j I] l~~~l~~~~::I~o".l!~Bl8

Ellijay Institute

Gilmer

Ellijay.............. 1 4 70[90

70; 90 9

Oakland

Gilmer.......... Cartecay ..

"=~=,.~.'~:}Borlow

E_

1 2 47 42

4742 8

"'! . , , "' ,,, ...

9

Palmetto High School Rhinehardt Normal College

Campbell Cherokee

Palmetto.......... 1 2 78 70

Waleska

4 6 139 141

I
148 . 9 1. 9

Saint Stanislaus College.

Bibb

Macon..

61'" 30 . 30 ..... 1... 10

"Loan fund for girls.

427

BRANCHES TAUGHT.

..5
~
"C;.
>-t.' '+d~
z0..:1

j
....:.I.
0
>0""1-

~]
j~~
epCl-4"g
f "~"8..,.t.~.I.l

;~a-+~J
:;::8
l"l<"'S"
.... e' Of;il
H"'tl
>-

j

<::

f;il NAME AND OFFICIAL

'g

TITLE OF PRESID-

~~1~l

ING OFFICER.

-<

Common and High School...... ....... 6001$ 300!$

Common and High School..............
rCoHmimg<hmSch"o'o"l"b"ranC cheos,_Ch.e.m..- )
~lI Jstry, Physics, Botany, Physical Geography, Composition, Rhetoric, Latin, Algebra, Geometry, Agriculture, Woodwork, Drawing, Music, I Domestic Science, Psychol- I ogy and Pedagogy................. )

150\ 70 250 150

Common and High School branches \150 100

, Primary and College ClaSSeS} 1,000 700
1 for Sophomore entrance at Emory and Mercer................

1 (Grammar, History, Elocution

~

r Arithmetic, Algebra, Geom-
etry, Trigonometry, English Literature, English Rhetoric, 6,000 15,000 Pedagogics, Latin, Greek,

l Christian Doctrine, Sacred Eloquence, Ascetic Theology. )

1401$ 6,000 $........ } N. L. Tankersly, C.S.C.

125 1,000 .........

Gilmer county.

200 10,000 ......... J. P. Campbell, S. I.

175 5,000 ......... H. L. Banks, Supt.

150 and
100

8,000 *6,500 { R. C. Sharp, President. Emory A.B.

600

100,000

.........

{Rev.M. Moynihan, S.J. Rector.

428

NAME OF INSTITUTION.

COUNTY

.E t NUMBER OF PUPILS .s

~0

ADMITTED.

en

..o.. '\l
o i;l;

~
~ Colored,

TOTAL. .)~.l=>~<

POSTOFFICE L --

1------'-i~8

.~2~N]8.~g]Za'iJU2

Allen Normal and Industrial School Thomas

Thomasville

10

61 143

204

8

Atlanta Baptist College

Fulton

Atlanta............ 9 6

214

214 214 8

1 :B(aWllairtdh NHoigrmh aSleShcohool oDlepartment.) Bibb

Maeon ,.

2 5 . . 37 139 ... 176

.8

-Clark University

Fulton

South Atlanta.. 7 14 3 1 146 331 4 477 481 8

..Jeruel Academy

Clarke

Athens

2 6... 79 87... 166......... 8

Knox Institute and Industrial School Clarke

Athens............ 3 5

133 186

119 319 8%

Morris Brown College

Fulton

Normal aud Industrial.. SchooL Monroe

Spelman Seminary ,

Atlanta

16 13

400 649 1,049

8X

Forsyth............ 1 5

152 250 . 402

.9

Atlanta

48

.. 662 .

8

429

BRANCHES TAUGHT.

.S

E''""

-

DEGREES CONFERRED.

.>....
J~l.Ss

s'~

"..:l

Z

a~
..:l
'8
>~'"

bS
..t:'Il
'e'il
~zil~~.8.":.',gr.,.n.
<Ii

~'" ~
'~ I:l
:'5~1'S"
0""~"'"g-
.;;"''d
>

~
'd I:l

""'.0..,.

NAME AND TITLE OF PRESIDING OFFICER'

I:l~

s5's"

<Ii

r 'I~ All Common School branches,

~ and most of the usual High

I School branches. Music.

I Sew i n g, Dress-making, I
l Basketry, Hand Work. ...... J

........................

Miss A. B. Howland, 800 $ 160 $ 75 $ 9,000 $........... Principal

Grade work beginning with 1

I the second grade. ACade-1
mic work, Collegiate work, including in these courses

through instructions i n

r Eng lis h, Mathematics,
(thorough Trigonometry,)

Greek, Latin, Sciences and

o the r culture courses.

Divinity School, giving be-

sides instructions in Eng-I A,B.. B.D..

\ish Bible. Greek and He-

brew

)

B.Th.,.A.M,

John Hope,

D.D

3,000 1.500 10 65 80,000 20,000 Acting President.,

............~

2.000 200 1 25 *40,000

G. C. Burrage, Prin,

(MSatchieenmcaetsi,csL, attihn,e GNraetuerka,l)

Mental and Moral Philoso-

phy, studies covering a

common Donna] course; also

J a higher normal COUrse. Industrial work-D res s-

Imaking,Cooking, Basketry, I

Drafting, Home Furnish-J ing and Decoration, L'dr'y

work, Printing, Face, Hand 4 A.B's.. 1 B.S.,

and Mechanical Drawing... 3 B.Ped."

..

2,500

3,000 10 50

60,000

Wm. H. Crogman, A.M. 11,000 Litt. D.

I(Prdimemaircy,, ECloelmleegnetarPyr,epAarcaa--I
1:!li~i~:.~~;~~~~ Ail branches belonging to

. 350

75 100 13,000

Rev. J. H. Brown. A.M.

r 1C.laTssh. e 2FreCsohllmegaen PCrOepllaerg-e) atory Classes. 3. Gram-

mar Intermediate Primary.

1 . 1 4. Industrial Car p entry, Sewing, Printing, Typer~~ ~~~~~.~~~.~~~Mental and Moral Science,

.

50 ......... 5,500

L. S. Clark, A.M. Principal.

j Greek, Latin, A Ige br a,

Geometry, Che mistry,

Physics, Rhetoric, Literature. Gen'l History, and

J

all elementary branches..... A.B.. B.Ped....

1,200

J. S. Flipper, D. D. 500 100 75,000 ....... ..... President.;

Common School AcademiC,}

r{

Industrial and a special course for teschers .

..

ThSechuosoula, l PHriigmharSycGhoroalmamnadr)

College studies, Printing,

J Sew i n g, Dressmaking,
I Millinery, Domestic Science

.. 1,200 350

William M. Hubbard, 85 4,000 ...... ...... Princip al.
I

l-'-_L"'Aa"'gu'r-'inc"'ud=rlyt-u=-rW"e-'-~rB-:k.=a.,==.s..".k'."..'e"..'t=..r=..y"..':"'J--"'A=.=B"..'=..=.'","'","","",".:..:"='_42 ,,,,265,-,--:I,,-,7,,,0=6_I"-.::20.:..-=30,,,8=,4=I=8__I,,,4,,-,5,,,I(,,M,7_-i=sPsre)=s,,H,id"a'er"'rn"i'te_.t

E.

Giles. _

*Value of school equipment. The High School is one department. "'Bachelor of Pedagogy.

INDEX.

Annual Convention of County School Officials

233

Apportionment of Funds for 1907

337

Census Statistics, 1903

341

Carnegie Scoool Libraries

280

Circular Letters from the Department. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33

District Agricultural Schools. . . . . . . ..

16

Educational Work of Women's Clubs

, 275

Estimates of School Fund. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19

Georgia Educational Association

254

Glynn Industrial School

293

Georgia .School of Technology, Report.

218

Georgia Normal and Industrial College, Report

208

High Schools

6

High Schools Accredited

202

High Schools and the State System~J. S. Stewart

224

Home Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .

332

Industrial Training, Columbus, Ga

297

Institutes

..,

393

Jamestown Exhibit

,

35, 40, 44

Legislation Needed . . . . . . . . . . ..

24

Medal Contest, U. D. C

281

North Georgia Agricultural College, Report

215

Progress of School Work in Southern States,

285

Review of School Work by Counties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48

Reformatory Work in Georgia

32 I

Report of Committee on Betterment of Education in Ga .. 258

Resolutions National Educational Association

276

Resolutions Southern Educational Association

278

Resolutions, Business Men's Conference

268

~hool Improvement Work

273

(431)

432
Stephens' Memorial School State Normal School, Report Special Report of Schools, Morgan County Salaries of Teachers Summa.ry of County Reports for 1906 Summary of Local System Reports for 1906 Summary of Statistics for 1906 School for the Deaf University Summer School University of Georgia, Report Taqulated Report of Counties for 1900 Tabulated Report of Local Systems for 1906 Tabulated Report, Institutions for Higher Education

21
206 310
7 345 351 344
214
206 . 198 355 401
423