Georgia drivers manual 2007

Georgia Drivers Manual 2007

Georgia Department of Driver Services Post Office Box 80447 Conyers, Georgia 30013

CUSTOMER SERVICE CENTER LOCATIONS AND INFORMATION NUMBERS



Albany

2062 Newton Road

229-430-4258

Americus

506 W. Lamar Street

229-931-2535

Athens



1505 Highway 29 North

706-542-9306

Atlanta

445 Capitol Avenue

404-463-1491

Augusta

3423 Mike Padgett Highway

706-771-7815

Blue Ridge

159 Industrial Boulevard

706-632-8468

Brunswick

101 Perry Lane Road

912-264-7390

Calhoun

402 Belwood Road

706-624-1334

Canton

220 Brown Industrial Parkway

770-720-3693

Carrollton

512 Old Newnan Road

770-836-4603

Cartersville

1300 Joe Frank Harris Parkway, S.E.

770-387-3704

Cedartown

1626 Rockmart Highway

770-749-2203

Colquitt

308 East Crawford Street, Highway 27

229-758-5837

Columbus

8397 Macon Road

706-569-3034

Conyers

2206 East View Parkway

770-918-5822

Cordele

409 South Midway Road

229-276-2332

Covington

8134 Geiger Street, N.W.

770-784-3195

Cumming

4055 County Way Road

770-205-5402

Cuthbert

608B Blakely Street

229-732-5215

Dalton

235 Wagner Drive



706-272-2388

Decatur

2801 Candler Road

404-244-2178

Douglas

348 Thomas Frier Senior Drive

912-384-1600

Dublin

620 County Farm Road



478-275-6600

Elberton

45 Forest Avenue

706-213-2200

Evans

4408 Evans to Lock Road

706-860-3616

Fayetteville

278 McElroy Road

770-460-2736

Forest Park

5036 Highway 85

404-669-3978

Gainesville

1010 Aviation Boulevard

770-532-5308

Griffin

1313 Arthur K. Bolton Parkway

770-229-3415

Helena

Rt. 1, Box 246

229-868-3073

Hinesville

2301 Airport Road

912-370-2604

Kingsland

333 W. Ashley Street

912-729-1362

LaGrange

2573 Hamilton Road



706-845-4108

Lawrenceville

310 Hurricane Shoals Road

770-995-6855

Lithonia

8040 Rockbridge Road

678-413-4230

Locust Grove

619 Tanger Boulevard

678-565-4360

Macon



100 Willie Smokie Glover Drive

478-751-6031

Marietta

1605 County Services Parkway

770-528-3250

Milledgeville

200 Carl Vinson Road

478-445-4717

Newnan

128 Bullsboro Drive

770-254-7203

Norcross

2211 Beaver Ruin Road, Suite 100

770-840-2282

North Cobb

2800 Canton Road, Suite 1000

770-528-5400

Perry

450 Larry Walker Parkway

478-988-6721

Reidsville

3092 Highway 147

912-557-7780

Rincon

2792 Highway 21 South

912-754-1425

Rock Spring

156 Pin Oak Drive

706-638-5506

Rome

3386 Martha Berry Highway NE

706-295-6032

Sandy Springs

8610 Roswell Road, Suite 710

770-551-7371

Savannah

1117 Eisenhower Drive

912-691-7400

Statesboro

202 Randy Lowery Road

912-681-5999

Swainsboro

994 Highway 1 North

478-289-2595

Thomson

172 Bob Kirk Road

706-595-9751

Thomasville

4800 Highway 84 Bypass

229-227-2500

Thomaston

281 Knight Trail

706-646-6454

Tifton

413 Fulwood Boulevard

229-386-3530

Toccoa

144 E Doyle Street

706-282-4821

Union City

537 Union Station

770-306-6933

Valdosta



371 Gil Harbin Industrial Boulevard

229-333-5385

Warner Robins

198 Carl Vinson Parkway

478-929-6775

Waycross

3029 Memorial Drive

912-285-6296

The above numbers can provide you with recorded information, such as directions and dates and times of operation for each CSC. So that we can provide a higher level of service to our customers visiting our CSC's in person, our CSC's do not accept telephone calls from the public. Our Costomer Contact Center can answer any questions you have concerning Georgia driver's licenses. To reach our Customer Contact Center, please call (678) 413-8400, (678) 413-8500, (678) 413-8600, or outside metro Atlanta, toll free at (866) 754-3687 Monday through Friday from 7:00 AM until 4:00 PM.
Georgia Drivers Manual

MISSION STATEMENT
To continuously be the most customer-focused, results-driven, best managed organization by instilling values that demonstrate "We C.A.R.E" while ensuring public trust and safeguarding the integrity of our services.

Values "We C.A.R.E."

Communication -
Accountability -
Respect Ethics

Provide information in a consistent, courteous manner. Empower employees and measure our performance. Listen attentively and assist customers in a timely and professional manner. Demonstrate integrity and honesty in our actions and decisions

IMPORTANT MESSAGE TO DRIVERS
This manual has two main purposes: (1) To help you qualify for a Georgia driver's license and (2) to help you become a safer driver. The information contained in this handbook is not intended to be an official legal reference to the Georgia traffic laws. It is intended only to explain, in everyday language, those laws, driving practices, and procedures that you will need most often.
It should be noted that the information contained in this manual is subject to change to comply with amended State and Federal legislation. For upto-date information concerning licensing requirements or locations, visit the DDS website www.dds.ga.gov or call the customer service numbers, (678) 413-8400, (678) 413-8500, (678) 413-8600, or toll-free 866-754-3687 if calling from outside Metro-Atlanta.
Please do not throw this handbook away. It may be returned to the Customer Service Center when you pass the exam. You might also share it with another applicant, a high school counselor or local library. You may choose to keep it in your vehicle for easy reference.
Georgia Drivers Manual

www.dds.ga.gov
VISIT THE DDS WEB SITE FOR MORE INFORMATION ON:
LOCATIONS:
Hours of Operation Services Provided
Directions
INTERNET SERVICES:
Renewals Replacements Address Changes Driving History (M.V.R.) Reservation Status
RENEWALS BY MAIL MANUALS FORMS
Georgia Drivers Manual

STATE OF GEORGIA OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR
ATLANTA 30334-0900

My Fellow Georgians,

As Governor of Georgia, I would like to challenge you, the Georgia motorist, to understand the rules of the road and practice safe driving habits. If all drivers and their passengers would fasten seatbelts, never drink and drive, and obey the Georgia speed limit, fatalities on Georgia's roads would be greatly reduced.

I would also like to challenge parents to help teens become safe drivers by encouraging them to study the traffic laws and safety rules included in this manual. I urge you to spend time with your teen developing a foundation of good driving habits.

As you work with the Georgia Department of Drivers Services (DDS) to obtain a drivers license, you should know that I have challenged the department to issue drivers' licenses and identification cards in the most efficient and customer-friendly manner possible. DDS has adopted process improvements for more efficient customer service delivery. We all know that each customer's time is valuable; DDS employees will be striving to meet customer needs in a timely, effective and friendly manner.

Thank you for helping to make Georgia's roads and highways a safer place to travel.



Sincerely,





Sonny Perdue

Georgia Drivers Manual

Dear Georgia Drivers:
I am pleased to present the Georgia Driver's Manual for current and future drivers on Georgia's roads.
I would like to urge young drivers and their parents to study the information in this manual carefully. We at the Department of Driver Services truly believe that it is supervised driving time with an adult that will lead our teenagers to become better drivers. The information contained in the chapter on traffic laws will not only help you pass the written exam but will help create a strong foundation to build safe driving practices. To help first time applicants prepare for the written test, we have added a practice test on our website, www.dds.ga.gov.
To those experienced drivers, please use this manual to review the rules that may be new or have changed since you received your license. Today, especially, it is imperative that all drivers understand the rules of the road and practice good driving habits.
We at the DDS understand that the best way to meet the needs of our customers is to get their feedback. I invite you to send ideas and comments to us via email at www.dds. ga.gov, or you may utilize the comment cards at each driver's license customer service center or call 1-877-TELL-DDS.
Everything the DDS has done and will do is with the goal to improve customer service and the wait times that our customers experience. I would ask that you do all that you can do to make Georgia's roadways safer by promoting responsible and courteous driving habits.
Sincerely,
Greg Dozier
Georgia Drivers Manual

Department of Driver Services Board Members
Kelly Gay, Chairperson Trummie Patrick Jr., Vice Chairperson
Billy Fortson, Secretary Doug Chalmers Linda Evans Susan Gordy David Hanna Patrick McGahan Ben Porter
Georgia Drivers Manual

Contents
Section I
CHAPTER 1 Driver's License Issuance and Renewals..........................................1
CHAPTER 2 The Driver Examination: What You Must Know...........................21
CHAPTER 3 Signs, Signals and Markings...........................................................24
CHAPTER 4 Traffic Laws....................................................................................39
CHAPTER 5 Safety Rules....................................................................................53
CHAPTER 6 After You Get Your License............................................................70
CHAPTER 7 Motorcycles..................................................................................... 77
CHAPTER 8 Bicycling......................................................................................... 82 Section II Section II
CHAPTER 1 Class A (Non Commercial): The Tractor Trailer Driver's License ..............................................85
CHAPTER 2 Class B (Non Commercial): The Truck Driver's License.............................................................92
CHAPTER 3 Supplemental Information...............................................................95
VISIT THE DDS WEBSITE FOR MORE INFORMATION AND FORMS www.dds.ga.gov
Georgia Drivers Manual

SECTION I Chapter 1
Driver's License Issuance and Renewal
A Georgia driver's license is required for the following persons who wish to legally drive upon Georgia highways: any current Georgia resident OR any new resident who has lived in Georgia for 30 days or more.
A Georgia driver's license is not required for:
1. A nonresident who is at least 16 years of age and who is in immediate possession of a valid driving permit issued in the home state or country of that person's residence.
2. Any employee of the United States government, including military and reserves, while operating a motor vehicle owned or leased to the United States government. This is a valid exception unless an employee is required by the United States government, or that person's federal Agency, to have a Georgia driver's license.
3. A nonresident on active duty in the Armed Forces of the United States who has a valid license from their home state. This is also true for a spouse and any dependent children.
4. A nonresident who is at least 16 years of age attending a school in this state; provided, however, he or she has in his or her immediate possession a valid license from his or her home state or country, is currently enrolled in a school in this state, and has paid the current tuition for the current period of enrollment. (Must be able to show proof that out-of-state tuition has been paid to school).
5. Any person on active duty in the Armed Forces of the United States holding a valid license issued in a foreign country by the Armed Forces of the United States. This exception is limited to a period of 45 days from the date of return to the U.S.A.
6. Any inmate or resident patient of a state, county, or municipally-owned institution, who operates a motor vehicle while under the supervision and in the presence of an authorized person, upon the institution's property.
7. Any person operating a farm tractor or farm equipment that is temporarily on a highway for the purpose of conducting farm business.
8. A nonresident who is at least 16 years of age and who has is in his/her immediate possession a valid license issued to him/her issued in his/her home state or country.
9. Any migrant farmworker who works in this state less than 90 days in any calendar year and who possesses a valid driver's license issued by another state.
10. Any resident who is 15 years of age or over while taking instruction from a licensed driving instructor or a certified high school driver education instructor.
11. Any person while operating a motorized cart.

2007

Georgia Drivers Manual



LICENSE REQUIREMENTS

An applicant must provide proof of identity, residency, and citizenship or legal authorization from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). DDS cannot accept photocopies or faxes, so customers are reminded to bring their original documents or certified copies with seal.
Documents presented must be either in English or translated into English by a translator approved by the DDS. You may visit a Customer Service Center in your area for a list of approved translators, or visit our website at www.dds.ga.gov.
An applicant must be 16 years old for Classes D and M; 18 years old for Classes A, B, and C; 15 years old for Class CP instructional permit.
An applicant must surrender all previous driver's licenses and instructional permits to the Examiner.
The DDS may require a medical evaluation if an applicant has a mental or physical condition that could prevent the safe operation of a motor vehicle.
All applicants under 18 will be required to show (on a form prescribed by the DDS) they have completed the Alcohol and Drug Awareness program (ADAP) before they are issued a driver's license. This course will be taught by an instructor authorized by the DDS. For course dates and times call 1-800-245-4410.
A person under 18 years of age who becomes a resident of this state and who has in his/her immediate possession a valid license issued to him/her in another state or country shall not be required to take or complete the ADAP course.
Each applicant under the age of 18 must present a high school diploma or GED, or provide proof of current enrollment in a secondary or GED educational program.
An applicant under 18 who has never been licensed by any other jurisdiction cannot receive an initial issuance of a class C or D license unless he/she:

Has completed an approved driver education course in a licensed private or public driver training school and in addition, received a cumulative total of at least 20 hours of other supervised driving experience, including at least six hours at night;
or

Has completed a cumulative total of at least 40 hours of supervised driving experience including at least six hours at night.

The parent or guardian of an applicant under the age of 18, or the applicant if over the age of 18, must sign a verification form attesting to the above requirement at the time of issuance.
NOTE: SEE PAGE 103 FOR IMPORTANT CHANGES EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2007 REGARDING LICENSE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE.



Georgia Drivers Manual

2007

Social Security Number
Requirements
Beginning January 1, 2003, no person may be issued a Georgia driver's license or identification card without providing a Social Security Number at the time of issuance. It is not necessary to have your original Social Security card. However, penalties will be imposed if an incorrect Social Security Number is provided. Those in this country legally, but without a Social Security Number, need to obtain a Form SSAL676 from a local Social Security Administration office before visiting a DDS Customer Service Center for any transaction. After obtaining the form, the individual may bring it to any Customer Service Center to begin the driver's license application process. The individual must have the necessary documentation including a valid passport, valid I-94 permit, and proof of Georgia residency for all transactions.

Documentation Requirements

A first time applicant for a Georgia license or permit must show acceptable documentation to demonstrate the following three eligibility criteria:
1) identity
2) residency in Georgia
3) U.S. Citizenship or legal authorization to be in this country

Identification Requirements: You must provide one of the following to establish identity:

Original birth certificate;

Certificate of birth registration;

Certified copy of birth certificate;

Certified copy of court records (adoption, name, or sex change);

Certified naturalization documentation;

Immigration ID Card;

Valid passport;

Military identification card issued by the United States Armed Forces

NOTE: Military identification card may serve as proof of identity,



however, it cannot be accepted for proof of citizenship.

2007

Georgia Drivers Manual



Residency: You must furnish one of the following items to establish residency:

Utility bill issued within the last sixty (60) days with valid Georgia residence address;

Bank statement issued within the last sixty (60) days with valid Georgia residence address;



Currently valid rental contracts and/or receipts for payments made within the last sixty (60) days for rent payments with valid Georgia residence address;

Employer verification of physical address of residence, including, but not limited to, one of the following:



... Paycheck or paycheck stub;



... Letter from employer on company letterhead; or



... W-2 for current or preceding calendar year;



Non-expired Georgia driver's license, permit or identification card issued

to parent, guardian or spouse;

Health insurance statement;

State of Georgia or Federal income tax return for current or preceding calendar year;

Annual Social Security statement for current or preceding calendar year;

Medicare or Medicaid statement;

School record or transcript for current or preceding calendar year;

Homeowners insurance policy or bill for current or preceding calendar year;

Mortgage payment coupon, deed, or property tax bill for current or preceding calendar year.

In addition to providing personal identification each applicant must provide proof that he/she is either a United States citizen or an alien with legal authorization from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
Citizenship or Legal Authorization: In order to prove United States citizenship, an applicant for an initial Georgia driver's license, permit or identification card shall furnish one of the following as proof thereof:
Original birth certificate issued by a United States jurisdiction;
Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a United States jurisdiction;
Valid United States passport;
Original certificate of citizenship (Form N560);
Certified copy of certificate of citizenship (Form N560);
Original certificate of naturalization (Form N550);
Certified copy of certificate of naturalization (Form N550).
In order to prove legal authorization from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), an applicant for an initial Georgia driver's license, permit, or identification card shall furnish one of the following as proof thereof:
Foreign passport with appropriate immigration documents;
Resident Alien Card (Form I-551);
Temporary Resident Alien Card (Form I-668);
As a result of Georgia House Bill 577, which became effective July 1, 2006, customers seeking issuance, renewal, or upgrade of a Georgia driver's license, permit, or identification card must indicate at the time application is made if they are a United States citizen. Provided all other conditions are met, non-citizens who provide valid documentary evidence of lawful presence in the United States pursuant to federal immigration laws may be issued a Georgia driver's license, permit, or identification card that is valid only for the period of time of that person's authorized stay in the United States, up to five (5) years maximum. If no date is specified in the documentary evidence of lawful presence, the period of issuance will be no longer than one (1) year.



Georgia Drivers Manual

2007

2007

Georgia Drivers Manual



NEW RESIDENT

You must apply for a Georgia driver's license within 30 days of becoming a Georgia resident if you wish to drive upon the highways of this state.

Requirements for a Non-Commercial license:
Exchange a Valid Out of State License for A Georgia License (or an out of state license expired less than 2 years)






Surrender a valid out of state license (current or expired less than 2 years) Be at least 18 years of age. Your Social Security Number will be verified with the Social Security Administration. You do not have to have the actual card with you, but information must be consistent with both agencies to be issued a license. Provide proof of Georgia residency. For a complete list of acceptable documents, see page 4. Provide proof of identity. For a complete list of acceptable documents, see page 3. Provide proof of citizenship or legal authorization (see page 5). All docu- ments must be originals or certified copies. Faxed copies will not be ac- cepted.

Lost Out of State License (valid or expired less than 2 years) If the applicant does not have the out of state license in his or her possession, he/she must provide a letter of clearance or certified driving history (MVR) from the issuing state, dated within 30 days, which includes the applicant's licensing information. The applicant must also provide proof of identity, residency, and citizenship or legal authorization as noted on pages 3-5.
Instructional Permit A person surrendering an out of state instructional permit for a Georgia permit or first driver's license must meet all other licensing requirements (Teen and New Drivers). This includes a written test for an instructional permit or any other permits.
Under Age 18 with valid out of state license The state of issuance may have requirements for teenage drivers that differ from Georgia. For more information, please call the Customer Contact Center at (678) 413-8400, (678) 413-8500, (678) 413-8600, or outside metro Atlanta, call toll free (866)-754-3687.



Georgia Drivers Manual

2007

Driver's License Classifications
Georgia driver's licenses are classified according to the type and weight of vehicles which may be operated by the person to whom they are issued.
Class A & B applicants must possess or have satisfied the requirements for a Class C license before applying for a Class A or B license.
Claassss AA
Truck tractor-semitrailer combination with a combination G.V.W.R. (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) of 26,001 or more pounds, and vehicles in Class B and C. Applicants must possess a Class C license before obtaining a Class A and be at least 18 years of age.
A single driver's license, with a combination of classifications, will be issued to qualified persons who wish to drive various types of vehicles.
Applicants for a driver's license in Classes A or B (non-commercial) must submit a DS form #36 (Affidavit showing minimum driving experience of 3 months and/or 3,000 miles in type of vehicle for class of license being applied for).

Class B
Single vehicles with a G.V.W.R. of 26,001 or more pounds. Vehicles in this class may tow a trailing unit of 10,000 pounds or less. This license class also includes motor vehicles within Class C. Applicants must possess a Class C license prior to obtaining a Class B license and be at least 18 years of age.

Class C
Any single vehicle with a G.V.W.R. not in excess of 26,000 pounds. This includes all recreational vehicles.
Class C vehicles may tow vehicles as long as the combination of vehicles has a combined G.V.W.R. not in excess of 26,000 pounds.

Class D
Provisional license for Class C vehicles. Class D License Holders may not operate between 12:00 midnight and 6:00 a.m. During the first six-month period immediately following issuance of such license, a Class D license holder shall not drive when any passenger in the vehicle is not a member of the driver's immediate family. After the first six months, Class D license holders shall not drive with more than three passengers in the vehicle that are under the age of 21 (members of the driver's immediate family do not count).
NOTE: SEE PAGE 103 FOR IMPORTANT CHANGES EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2007 REGARDING LICENSE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE.

2007

Georgia Drivers Manual



CCllaassssMM
Motorcycles, motor-driven cycles, and three-wheeled motor vehicles are included in this class. An applicant must be at least 16 years of age in order to get a Class M license, but is not required to possess a Class C license before applying for this license.
MMooppeeddss
A moped is any motor driven cycle with an engine not exceeding 50 cubic centimeters (3.05 cubic inches) that can propel the cycle at a speed not to exceed 30 miles per hour and does not require clutching or shifting. Mopeds are exempt from the provisions relating to the registration and licensing of motor vehicles.
Rules to operate mopeds on Georgia roads and highways: 1. Must be 15 years of age and must have a valid driver's license, instructional permit
or limited permit in possession while operating. 2. Must wear protective headgear (motorcycle helmet). 4. Every person operating a moped upon a roadway must obey the same traffic laws
governing drivers of motor vehicles. 5. May not use limited access highways or other roadways where the minimum speed
limit is above 35 mph.
Class P - Instructional Permit
You may not apply or keep a driver's permit or license if you withdraw from school (if you are under age 18), have 10 or more unexcused absenses during the current or previous academic year, or have certain conduct infractions at school or school-sponsored events.
Class CP: Instructional Permit
Applicant must be at least 15 years old and be able to pass the vision and knowledge tests. When driving, there must be a licensed driver at least 21 years old in the front seat with him or her at all times who is fit and capable of exercising control over the vehicle. The permit is valid for 24 months. Parental consent is required for applicants under 18 years of age.
A certified copy of the driving record (M.V.R.) from the former jurisdiction will be required in order to give credit for a license or permit held in another state.
Class MP: Instructional Permit
The applicant must be at least 16 years of age and have parental consent if under 18. The applicant must pass the vision and knowledge tests. The permit is valid for 6 months and will allow the applicant to operate motorcycles and motor-driven cycles with the following restrictions: no passengers, no expressways, daylight hours only, and safety equipment as required by law.
NOTE: SEE PAGE 103 FOR IMPORTANT CHANGES EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2007 REGARDING LICENSE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE.
Class A and B Instructional Permits
The applicant must be 18 years old, possess a valid Class C license, and must pass visual acuity and knowledge tests. The minimum passing score for each knowledge test is 80 percent correct.



Georgia Drivers Manual

2007

License Restrictions

Before issuing a driver's license, DDS is authorized whenever there is good cause, to impose restrictions on your driver's license to assure the safe operation of a motor vehicle.

A

no restrictions

B

corrective lenses

C

mechanical aids

D

business only

E

automatic transmission

F

right side mirror

G

daylight only

H

employer's vehicle only

I

left outside mirror

J

prosthetic aid

K

Georgia only

L

without air brakes

M

no expressways

N

power brakes

O

power steering

P

Interlock

Q

no passengers

R

motorcycles 500 cc & under

S

to/from school

T

to/from medical

U

all motorcycles except X

V

class B or C passenger vehicles

W

class C passenger vehicles

X

motorcycle three wheel

Y

farm waiver required

Z

visually impaired parent

1

bioptic lenses

2

personal vehicles only

3

to and from employment/medical care/school/

court ordered driver improvement/driver

education/drug/alcohol program, scheduled

meetings of organizations for persons who

have alcohol/drug addiction/abuse problems

or ignition interlock station. Interlock Device

required.

4

no tractor trailers

2007

Georgia Drivers Manual



Veteran's & National Guard License Requirements

Veteran's License - NO FEE

Veterans must successfully pass a vision test for the initial issuance of a Class C veteran's license. Any license issued after July 1, 2005 expires on the holder's 65th birthday. Thereafter, the veteran's license shall be subject to renewal every 5 years and conditional upon successfully passing a vision test. To obtain any other class of license, the veteran must successfully complete examinations for the class of license desired and submit Form DS-36 for Class A and B Non-Commercial.

1. A veteran must present evidence of honorable, active duty service in the Armed Forces of the United States. Evidence must also be presented that the veteran was a resident of the State of Georgia at the time of enlistment or induction (and that his/her home was in Georgia at that time) or that the veteran had been enlisted or commissioned elsewhere and has been a resident of Georgia for at least 2 consecutive years preceding the date of application. Other required information includes enlistment or commission and separation dates, serial number, date of birth, etc.

All of this information is contained on your copy of the Armed Forces separation papers (Form DD214). Activation for training purposes does not qualify you for the Georgia Veteran's License. The DD214 must be presented to any office of the State Department of Veteran Services for a review by that Agency. The qualified veteran will be issued a certificate of eligibility (DS516), signed by the veteran and the certifying official. This certificate and the DD214 are then presented by the veteran to any Customer Service Center of the DDS for any required tests and issuance of the license.

2. The spouse of a disabled, honorably separated veteran who does not have a driver's license, or the unmarried surviving spouse of a deceased honorably separated veteran, is entitled to the same benefits available to the veteran. An application for this type of license is established in the same fashion as outlined in the previous paragraph. For the unmarried surviving spouse, the death certificate along with the DD214 must be submitted to the State Department of Veteran Services to obtain a certificate of eligibility.

National Guard

1. All members or former members of the Georgia National Guard or reserve forces who have 20 or more years of creditable service are entitled to a veteran's license. A document of certification must be obtained from the Adjutant General of the State of Georgia, stating the applicant's eligibility, and presented to any Customer Service Center of the DDS.

2. A distinctive license may be issued to any member of the Georgia National Guard in good standing who has completed at least one year of satisfactory service. A certificate of eligibility (DS-318) form must be obtained from the local National Guard Commanding Officer and presented to any Customer Service Center of the DDS. This license is renewable during the time of service in the National Guard or until 20 years of service has been obtained, at which time you are entitled to a Veteran's License.

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Georgia Drivers Manual

2007

Veterans must have served on active duty during one of the periods of conflict below
to qualify for a Veteran's License:

Wartime/Conflict Periods:
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR: April 21 1898, through July 4, 1902. The ending date for a veteran who served with the U.S. Military forces engaged in hostilities in the Moro Province is July 15, 1903.
MEXICAN BORDER: May 9, 1916 through April 5, 1917.
WORLD WAR I: April 6, 1917 through November 11, 1918. The period for a veteran who served with the U.S. Military forces in Russia would include April 6, 1917, through April 1, 1920.
WORLD WAR II: December 7, 1941 through December 31, 1946.
KOREA: June 27, 1950 through January 31, 1955.
LEBANON CONFLICT: July 1, 1958 through November 1, 1958.
VIETNAM CONFLICT: July 1, 1958 through August 4, 1964.
BERLIN CONFLICT: August 14, 1961 through June 1, 1963.
VIETNAM: August 5, 1964 through May 7, 1975.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC CONFLICT: April 28, 1965 through September 21, 1966.
GRENADA CONFLICT: October 23, 1983 through November 21, 1983.
PANAMA LIBERATION: December 30, 1989 through February 15, 1990.
SAUDI ARABIA/IRAQ/KUWAIT/PERSIAN GULF: August 2, 1990 - ending date unknown at this time.

2007

Georgia Drivers Manual

11

Procedures to Replace a Stolen or Lost License
You will need to apply for a replacement license in person at a local Customer Service Center. You will be required to show proof of identity. The following documents will be acceptable proof of identity for a replacement Georgia driver's license, permit or identification card:
One of These Documents:
Original birth certificate; Certificate of birth registration; Certified copy of birth certificate; Certified copy of court records (adoption, name, or gender change); Certified naturalization documentation; Immigration ID Card; Valid passport; Military identification card issued by the U.S. Armed Forces
*OR*
Two of These Documents:
Marriage License; Social Security Card; Previous Year's Income Tax Return; Current Insurance Policy; Current Automobile Registration Receipt; Voter Registration Card If your license was stolen and you wish to change the number on your replacement Georgia driver's license, permit or identification card, you will be required to present a police report indicating that the license was stolen unless your license number and your Social Security Number are the same. If the two numbers are the same, no police report is required.

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Refugee Status
Applicants for initial issuance of a Georgia driver's license, permit or identification card who have been designated as refugees by the United States Department of Homeland Security may satisfy the requirements for proof of identity, lawful presence in the United States, and residency by providing the following:

If the applicant is a refugee initially placed in the State of Georgia upon arrival in the United States:

i. ii. iii.


Original I-94 indicating refugee status; Reception and placement form identifying agency responsible for settling applicant in the State of Georgia; and, Refugee Affidavit form bearing notarized signature of representative of the placement agency identified in the reception and placement form submitted to satisfy subparagraph (ii), and containing applicant's residence address. The Department will notarize the forms at the Customer Service Center at which the applicant applies for the initial issuance if the placement agency does not have a notary on staff.

If the applicant is a refugee age eighteen (18) or over who was initially placed in a state other than Georgia upon arrival in the United States, but who has since moved to the State of Georgia:

i. ii. iii.

Original I-94 indicating refugee status; Driver's license or identification card issued by previous state of residence; and Proof of residency (see page 4)

If the applicant is a refugee under age eighteen (18) who was initially placed in a state other than Georgia upon arrival in the United States, but who has since moved to the State of Georgia:

i.

Original I-94 indicating refugee status; and

ii.

Proof of residency (see page 4)

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The fee schedule for obtaining driver's licenses, permits, and identification cards in person is shown below. This fee schedule is not adjusted to reflect the $5.00 discount for those who choose to renew by mail, internet or telephone.
Currently, all DDS Customer Service Centers accept cash, checks, money orders, and credit/debit cards for payment of fees.

TYPE Class A, B, C (Non-Commercial)
Instructional Permit (Class A, B, C and M) Provisional License (Class D) Georgia Identification Card
Georgia Identification Card for Voting Purposes Only
Replacement License* Honorary Veterans and National Guard
CDL Initial Issuance requiring Road Test CDL Instructional Permit CDL Renewal (Plus $5 for each additional endorsement) Controlled Substance Permit Habitual Violator Probationary License Limited Permit Veteran/Honorary License Veteran/Honorary Identification Card

VALID 5 yr. 10 yr.
5 yr. 5 yr. 10 yr. 10 yr.
Until Age 65
5 yr. 1 yr. 5 yr.
10 yr. 10 yr.

FEE $20 $35 $10 $10 $20 $35 No fee if qualified $5 No Fee $70 $10 $20 $25 $210 $25 No fee No fee

Driver's license holders are allowed one free name or address change per renewal period. Any other modifications or additional name or address changes require the payment of the full renewal fee. Name changes must be in accordance with the requirements listed on page 17.
* A replacement driver's license may be provided at a cost of $5.00. A replacement license is a duplicate of the previous license (no modifications or changes) and may be provided at a cost of $5.00 per occurrence. The replacement license will expire on the original expiration date, or if it's within 150 days of the original expiration date, the license must be renewed for a new term.

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Military personnel on active duty and full-time students outside of Georgia may request a renewal by mail of their driver's license, if verified in the specified manner described by the Department of Driver Services and accompanied by the correct fee. The same privilege is also extended to a military person's spouse and any licensed dependents living with the person while on duty in a foreign domain or in a state other than Georgia.

The application and fee (cashiers check, money order or personal check) must be sent to: DDS, P.O. Box 80447, Conyers, Georgia, 30013, Attn: Special Issuance. The renewal will be granted for no longer than one renewal period, at the end of which the license holder
must appear in person for renewal.

Georgia drivers' licenses may be renewed by mail ONE TIME. The applicant and application must satisfy the following requirements:

1. An applicant must be a Georgia resident on active duty, in the military, a military dependent or a full time student residing outside the State of Georgia.

2. A driver's license that has been expired for two (2) or more years cannot be renewed by mail.

3. Changes (name, address, etc.) must be made in person at a driver's license Customer Service Center. Changes cannot be made using the mail method of renewal.

4. Submit an eye examination report (available at www.dds.ga.gov), which is less than one (1) year old. The examination report must be in English and report the actual visual acuity (snellen vision..20/20 or 20/40 etc.) Do not send us your optical prescriptions. The eye doctor must complete the back of the eye examination report.

5. Military personnel must submit a confirmation letter on military stationery, from their Commanding Officer. The letter must state that you are currently in the military or are a dependent of a member of the military on active duty outside the State of Georgia.

6. Students must submit on school letterhead from the Registrar's office a letter with the school seal stating that the student is currently considered a full time student. THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION MUST BE SUBMITTED:
(PRINT OR TYPE)
Georgia Driver's License Number: ____________Date of Birth: ______________________

CSC #: ______ Expiration Date: ___________ Date of Issue: ___________________

Sex: _______ Height: ____Ft____In. Weight: ____ Eye Color: _____________________

Social Security #____________________________________________________________

Out of State Address: _______________________________________________________

City _________________ State: ___________ Zip Code ___________________________

Georgia Address: __________________________________________________________

City _________________ State: ___________ Zip Code ___________________________

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Renewing your driver's license or Georgia identification card online or by mail
Many Georgia citizens may be eligible to renew their valid driver's license or Georgia Identification card over the Internet or by mail.
If you are eligible, you will receive a Renewal Application by mail from the DDS sixty days before your driver's license expiration date. To be qualified, the DDS must have a valid photo, fingerprint and signature saved on file digitally, and there can be no outstanding infringements on your driving record. You must be a citizen of the United States under 65 years of age to renew online or by mail.

The Renewal Application will be mailed to your last known mailing address on file with the DDS. If you have moved, you must visit a Customer Service Center within 60 days to update your mailing address, or you may visit our website to change your address. Applications will not be forwarded to new addresses by the U.S. Postal Service. The DDS cannot issue a replacement for lost applications or provide information contained on the misplaced application. These are security precautions.

The Renewal Application will have an individualized Resident Identification Number (RIN) that the customer must use along with the month and day of your last exam date or issue date from the current license or ID card. This number allows us to confirm identity.

After receiving the Renewal Application, you may follow the instructions to renew online or by mail.

American Express, Discover, Master Card and Visa are acceptable forms of payment for online renewals. A check or money order is necessary to renew by mail.

A $5.00 discount is offered to customers who choose to renew by an alternative method. With the discount applied, the cost of renewing a driver's license is $15.00 for a five year license or $30.00 for a ten-year license. The cost of renewing an identification card by an alternative method is $15.00. There is no service fee charged for choosing to renew online or by mail. A $5.00 discount is offered for these alternative renewal methods for Class C licenses only.

A successful transaction takes less than five minutes, and your replacement license will be mailed to you in about thirty days.

You may renew online or by mail every other time. The next time that your license is up for renewal, you must visit one of our facilities to have a new photo taken and to take the vision test, if applicable.

Name changes can only be made in person at a Customer Service Center. Security features are not yet in place to allow us to do this online.

If qualified, you may make a request for a free address change once during each renewal cycle. A request may be submitted through our online service at www.dds.ga.gov.

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OTHER INFORMATION
Expired License To renew a driver's license expired more than two years, you must pass a road signs test, a road rules test, an actual driving test and a vision test, if applicable. Additional testing will be required to obtain a Class M, B, or A license.
Carrying and Displaying Your License Your driver's license must be in your possession when you drive and is to be displayed to any police officer upon request.
Name and Address Change If your address has changed since your license was issued, and you qualify, you may make a request for a free address change once during each renewal cycle. A request may be submitted through our online service at www.dds.ga.gov for a new license showing the correct address within 60 days. If you change your name by marriage or otherwise, you must also obtain a new license, showing the correct name, within 60 days. A replacement license, valid for the current renewal period, will be issued once in any five or ten-year period, free of charge. In order to change your name, you must present a certified copy of the marriage license or a certified copy of a court-ordered name change. If you wish to hyphenate your name, you must present a certified copy of the marriage license and a certified copy of the marriage license application stating the hyphenated name. Male applicants who wish to take the wife's name after marriage must also satisfy this requirement.
Identification Card A State of Georgia Identification Card may be obtained at any Customer Service Center. The cost of this card is $20.00 for a 5-year card, or $35 for a 10-year card. See page 3 for documentation that is required to verify identity. You must be a Georgia resident.

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ORGAN DONOR PROGRAM
If a person desires to become an Organ Donor, an Organ Donor Card will be furnished. Simply fill out and sign the Uniform Donor Card, which is a legal document when executed in the presence of two witnesses who also must sign. Please discuss your wishes with your family.
Organ donation can occur only after every measure has been taken to save your life, and only after death has been legally and medically de- clared.
Georgia law prohibits the physician who declares a patient dead from participating in the removal or transplantation of that patient's donated organs or tissues.
There is no cost to the donor's family for any expenses related to organ tissue/eye donation. Also, there is no delay in funeral arrangements.
Georgia law requires hospitals to notify an organ/tissue/eye recovery center when a donation is possible.
Recipients are selected by urgency of need, compatibility of blood type, body size, and tissue type, regardless of sex, race or creed.

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WHAT YOU NEED TO GET YOUR DRIVER'S LICENSE!!
Class CP Instructional Permit

Upon reaching age fifteen, you may apply for a Class CP Instructional Permit. You will need the following when you visit a Customer Service Center:

A Georgia DDS Certificate of Attendance form must be signed and notarized from your school. It is only valid for 30 days.



Proper identification. You may present an original birth certificate, passport, certified copy of your birth certificate, certificate of birth registration, certified copy of court records (adoption, name changes), certified naturalization records or immigration card. (See page 3.)

A parent or legal guardian will have to sign for you.

You must know your Social Security Number; the number is required to issue a license.

You will be required to pass a vision test and a written knowledge test.

The license fee is $10.00 .

If you are under 18 years of age, and you drop out of school and remain out of school for ten (10) consecutive days, have a total of ten (10) unexcused absences, or have certain conduct infractions, your Georgia driver's license or instructional permit will be suspended. If the suspension was due to withdrawal from school, your license may be reinstated by presenting proof that you are pursuing or have received a GED, a high school diploma, a special diploma, or a certificate of high school completion, or that you have terminated your secondary education and are enrolled in a postsecondary school.

NOTE: SEE PAGE 103 FOR IMPORTANT CHANGES EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2007 REGARDING LICENSE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE.

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Class D Provisional Driver's License

After having a valid instructional permit for one year and one day, you may apply for a Class D license.

APPOINTMENTS FOR ON-THE-ROAD TESTS ARE REQUIRED AND MAY BE MADE 90 DAYS IN ADVANCE.
Please call (678) 413-8400, (678) 413-8500, (678) 413-8600, or toll- free (866) 754-3687 if dialing from outside the metro-Atlanta area. Select option 3 from the menu to schedule an appointment.



A parent or legal guardian must sign an affidavit stating you have a minimum of 40 hours of on-the-road driver training if you have not taken a driver's education class, or 20 hours of on-the-road driver training in conjunction with a driver's education class.

A Georgia DDS Certificate of Attendance form must be signed and notarized from your school. It is only valid for 30 days.

You must have the Georgia Alcohol and Drug Awareness Program (ADAP) card. For information about ADAP, you may visit www.dds.ga.gov, or call (678) 413-8731 or (800) 245-4410.



The vehicle you test in must be properly insured, registered, have a valid tag and must pass a safety inspection. You will be asked to show a valid insurance card. You may NOT take the test in a rental vehicle.

You must pass an on-the-road driving test.

The cost is $10.00 .

A booklet titled The Parental Guide for The New Teenage Driving Requirements may be downloaded at www.dds.ga.gov. It features a
driving log plus requirements and restrictions for Class D drivers.

NOTE: SEE PAGE 103 FOR IMPORTANT CHANGES EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2007 REGARDING LICENSE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE.

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Chapter 2 The Driver Examination
(Parts 1, 2, & 3 apply to all classes)

Part 1 The Vision Test Your eyes will be tested by means of a mechanical device. The minimum acceptable vision is 20/60 in one eye, with or without corrective lenses, and a field of vision of at least 140 degrees.
Part 2 The Road Sign Test A set of questions on the meaning of standard highway signs will be given. You will be asked to identify certain signs, signals and markers. You must correctly answer 15 out of 20 questions to pass. You may now take a practice test at www.dds.ga.gov.

Part 3 The Road Rules Test
The road rules test consists of a set of questions about driver responsibility, knowledge of laws, and safe driving practices applicable to the class of license for which you are applying. You must correctly answer 15 out of 20 questions to pass. You may now take a practice test at www.dds.ga.gov.

When taking the road sign and road rules tests, you may not bring pens, pencils, paper, or any other items into the testing area. All cell phones, text messaging devices, and other types of wireless devices are prohibited in the testing area. You may not speak to anyone during the test other than the examiner administering the test. Any violation of these rules is considered cheating. If caught cheating, the exam session will be counted as a failure, and you must comply with the requirements on page 23 for retaking an exam following a failure.

The road rules tests are available in some non-English languages, but all drivers must show ability to read and understand simple English such as is used in highway traffic and directional signs. Road signs and actual driving test must be taken in English.

Part 4 The Driving Test (Class C or D)
All road test vehicles must be covered by liability insurance (you must show a valid insurance card), pass a safety inspection, and, if the vehicle is not equipped with turn signals, you must know your hand signals. You may not take the test in a rental vehicle.

On the driving test you will be expected to do all or part of the following:

1. Parallel Parking: Park midway between two standards so that your car is not more than 18 inches from the curb. The standard parallel parking dimensions utilized in the driver's license test are 22' X 10'.

2. Quick Stops: Drive at a speed of 20 miles per hour and make a quick, safe stop when the examiner instructs you.

3. Backing: Back your car for a distance of approximately 50 feet at a slow rate of speed as straight and as smoothly as possible. You must turn your head and look behind the vehicle at all times while backing.

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4. Stopping for Signs or Traffic Signals: Give the proper hand or brake signal; approach in the proper lane; stop before reaching a pedestrian crosswalk; and remain stopped until you may move through safely.
5. Turning Around: Turn your car in a narrow space. 6. Use of Clutch: If your car has a manual transmission, you must shift smoothly and correctly. 7. Approaching Corners: You must be in the proper lane and look in both directions. 8. Yielding Right-of-Way: Always yield right-of-way to pedestrians, vehicle operators, and bicyclists who move into the intersection before you. 9. Turning: Move into the proper lane and signal an adequate distance before the turn. 10. Passing: Always check in front of and behind your vehicle to make sure you can safely pass without interfering with other traffic. 11. Following: Do not follow other cars too closely. Watch the car ahead of you; when it passes some reference point, such as a telephone pole, count "one-thousand-one, one-thousand-two." If you pass the same spot before you are through counting, you are following too closely. 12. Posture: Keep both hands on the steering wheel. Do not rest your elbow on the window and do not attempt to carry on a conversation with the Exam- iner because he/she will be busy giving instructions and recording your score.
At the end of the test, the license examiner will gladly show you your score sheet and will provide you an opportunity to discuss the results if you wish to do so. The applicant must achieve a minimum score of 75% to pass.
You may schedule a driving test appointment by calling (678) 413-8400, (678) 4138500, (678) 413-8600, or toll free at (866) 754-3687 if calling from outside the metro Atlanta area.
Part 4 The Driving Test (Class M)
You must furnish a motorcycle for the test and pass a safety inspection of the motorcycle by the license examiner before the driving test is given. Motorcycle operator's testing information is covered in the Motorcycle Operator's Manual. For more information, you may contact the Motorcycle Safety Program at (404) 669-2950.
You may schedule a motorcycle skills test appointment by calling (678) 413-8400, (678) 413-8500, (678) 413-8600, or toll free at (866) 754-3687 if calling from outside the metro Atlanta area.
Part 5 Class A & B Non-Commercial
There is no driving test for Classes A & B Non-Commercial; however, the applicant must present an affidavit of skill (DS-36), establishing his/her ability to operate the vehicles within the particular class, and pass a knowledge test for that particular class.

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Part 6 - Class A, B, and C Commercial
You must furnish a representative vehicle for the test and pass a safety inspection of the vehicle by the license examiner before the driving test is given. All commercial vehicles used for testing must have a data plate with the gross vehicle weight rating (G.V.W.R.). For the most current commercial driving test locations, please visit our website at www.dds.ga.gov. The applicant must achieve a minimum score of 80% to pass each applicable knowledge test and portion of the driving test. Applicants for a Class A or B commercial driver's license must pass the vehicle inspection, basic control skills, and road test portions of the driving test. Applicants for a Class C commercial driver's license must pass the road test portion of the driving test.
Commercial vehicle operator's testing information is covered in the Georgia Commercial Driver's Manual. You may schedule a Commercial skills test appointment by calling (678) 413-8400, (678) 413-8500, (678) 413-8600, or toll free at (866) 754-3687 if calling from outside the metro Atlanta area.

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR ALL CLASSES

Health: You must answer questions that refer to your health. You will be asked if you now have, or have ever had, any physical or mental disability or disease which could interfere with your ability to safety operate a motor vehicle. If the answer is yes, you will be required to show a statement of health from your physician indicating that you are physically and mentally capable of safely operating a motor vehicle.

If you pass the test: Your picture will be taken and you must pay a required fee. You may be given a temporary license for 45 days or until the Department mails your permanent license. If for any reason you do not receive your driver's license in 45 days, contact the DDS at (678) 413-8400, (678) 413-8500, (678) 413-8600, or toll free at (866) 754-3687 if calling from outside the metro Atlanta area, or visit your local DDS Customer Service Center.

Applicants who have failed: If you fail any part of the driving examination, or knowledge test, and it is your:

First Failure

-- You must wait until the next day

before retaking the driving examination

or knowledge test that you failed earlier.

Second Failure

-- You must wait 7 days before retaking the driving examination or knowledge test that you failed earlier.

Third or Subsequent Failure

-- You must wait 30 days before retaking the entire driving examination or knowledge test again.

Inclement Weather: The driving test will not be given when the weather conditions make it unsafe for the driver or examiner. Motorcycle road tests will never be conducted when the pavement is damp.

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CHAPTER 3
Signs, Signals and Markings
It is extremely important to obey signs and signals. To obey them you must be able to recognize and understand them.
Research has shown that people react to symbols more quickly than to words. Georgia utilizes standard symbols, along with words, as traffic control devices.
Georgia law requires that all drivers, including bicyclists, obey official highway signs and traffic control signals unless otherwise directed by a police officer.
Shapes of Signs
The State of Georgia uses seven basic shapes of signs to convey traffic control instructions. Drivers should recognize signs by their shapes and colors so that they may recognize them from a distance and begin reacting.
An Octagon (eight-sided shape) always means stop.
When you come to it, you must make a complete stop at a marked stop line. If there is no stop line, stop before entering the crosswalk on your side of the intersection. If there is no crosswalk, stop at a point from which you can best see oncoming traffic. You must not start again until you yield the right-of-way to pedestrians or closely approaching traffic. If it is a four-way stop, wait your turn. In any case, you must wait until a safe interval occurs. See page 39 for more information concerning stop signs.

Triangle signs mean yield. You must slow down to a
speed that is reasonable for existing conditions and stop if necessary. If you must stop, do so at a marked stop line, if it exists. After slowing or stopping, you must yield the rightof-way to other vehicles in the intersection or approaching closely on another roadway or auxiliary road leading into a major highway.

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Round signs mean railroad crossing. This sign is posted
a few hundred feet in front of the tracks and tells you to look, listen and slow down, and prepare to stop. Roll down the car window and listen carefully. If the train is approaching, stop! Do not try to figure time and distance. Never try to beat a train through the intersection. Passing is prohibited at all railroad crossings.
Diamond shaped signs warn of existing or possible
hazards on roadways or adjacent areas. They are yellow with black letters or symbols. Pay attention to these signs! They tell you of approaching or possible road conditions or hazards.
Pentagon shaped signs signify school zone and/or
school crossing. When used, they will be erected not less than 150 feet nor more than 700 feet in advance of the school grounds or school crossing. (Warning signs can sometimes be fluorescent green in color)
Horizontal Rectangular signs
are generally used as guide signs. They show locations, directions, or other special information.

Vertical Rectangular signs are generally used for
regulatory signs, which tell you what you must do. You
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There are three official classifications of signs: Regulatory, Warning, and Guide.
REGULATORY SIGNS
Regulatory signs tell drivers what they may or may not do. Drivers, including bicyclists, must obey them in the same manner as traffic laws. Remember, a red circle with a red slash from upper left to lower right means "No". The picture within the circle shows what is prohibited.

This marks a one-way roadway with traffic coming against you. You must not enter the one-way at
this point.

Motorist is approaching oneway highway or ramp.

You cannot make a right turn at this inter-
section.

Trucks are prohibited from entering this road-
way.

You may travel only in the direction of the arrow.

You cannot turn around to go in the opposite direction
at this intersection.

Bicycles are prohibited from entering this roadway.

Traffic is required to keep to the right of medians or
obstructions.

You are approaching an area where a reduced speed limit has
been established.

55 miles per hour is the top speed permitted in this area.

Where this sign is posted, a right turn is permitted only when the
traffic light is green.

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When two or more traveling lanes are available in the direction you are traveling, slower traffic should travel in the right
(outside) lane.

You are approaching a school zone. A reduced speed limit is in effect when the yellow lights
are flashing.

WARNING SIGNS
Warning signs are usually yellow with black markings. (Warning signs can also be fluorescent green with black markings.) They alert you to conditions that are immediately ahead. There may be road hazards, changes in direction or some other situation which will require action on your part.

Side road enters highway ahead at angle.
This sign is on the left side of the highway and marks the beginning of a no passing zone. The pass must be completed before reaching this sign.

This sign warns that the road you are traveling on ends
straight ahead. Slow down and prepare to yield or stop before
turning right or left.

Sharp turn to the right.

Curve to the right.

Sharp turn to the right and then sharp turn to
the left.

There is a stop sign ahead. Begin to slow
down at this sign.

There is a yield sign ahead. Slow down and
prepare to stop if necessary.

Room for only two lanes of traffic. Approach with caution.

Winding road ahead 28

Another road crosses the highway ahead.

Side road enters highway ahead.

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There is a dip in the road ahead. Slow
down!
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There is a bump in the road ahead. Slow down!

Shoulder of the road is soft. Drive off road only
in emergencies.

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Presence of traffic signals at intersection ahead. Slow down!

Approaching a divided highway. Keep to the
right.

Divided highway ends. Get into the proper lane.

Warning that you are leaving a separated one-way highway
and will soon be driving on two-way highway.

Number of lanes reduced ahead.

Roadway slippery when wet, first half-hour of rain most
hazardous.

These signs alert drivers in advance of areas where animals, people and vehicles may be
crossing.

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE WARNING SIGNS

Warning signs for construction and maintenance projects are used to alert you to dangers ahead and give you enough time in which to adjust your speed accord-
ingly. These signs are orange with black markings.

Approaching a low underpass. Don't enter
if your load exceeds maximum height of sign.

Traffic merging right just Steep hill ahead. Slow down

ahead.

and be ready to shift to

lower gear to control speed

and save brakes.

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SERVICE SIGNS
As you travel along Georgia's highways, the following blue and white signs will give directions to service facilities.

Road Side Park and Rest Area
GUIDE SIGNS
Guide signs may indicate what road you are on, and how to get to your destination. Many guide signs are rectangular, but some have other shapes. There are several different kinds of guide signs -- route markers, information, destination, distance, and location signs. Here are some examples:

The numbers on these signs designate specific exits.

Intersection of U.S. Route 47 & Ga 38. These roads are going to cross or meet the highway you are using.

This sign is used to mark an officially designated bicycle trail. Watch for cyclists if
you are on this road.
Milepost markers are placed each mile along the edge of the roadway from one end of the state to the other. Zero always starts at the south or west border where a
route begins.

The crossbuck is placed at all railroad crossings. Yield to any approaching trains. Slow down, look and listen before crossing. A sign below the crossbuck indicates the number of tracks. A complete stop is required when a red
light is flashing.

Look for this sign when you want to park. It points to a nearby public parking area.

Caution -- a vehicle displaying this emblem is a slow moving vehicle. A slow moving vehicle is defined as any vehicle moving less than 25 miles per hour. They are required by law to
display this emblem.

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TRAFFIC SIGNALS
Traffic signals are placed at intersections to control the orderly movement of traffic and to prevent accidents. Drivers (including bicyclists) and pedestrians must obey these signals except when an officer is directing traffic. In the event that a traffic signal is inoperable at an intersection, then all traffic will stop at the intersection in the same manner as if a stop sign was posted for all directions.
A red light means you must make a complete stop before entering the crosswalk or intersection and wait until the light turns to green before proceeding.
A yellow light warns the light is changing from green to red. Slow down and prepare to stop.
A green light means you may proceed if it is safe to do so after yielding to pedestrians and vehicles within the intersection.
Agreen arrow means you may proceed carefully only in the direction the arrow is pointing after yielding to pedestrians and vehicles within the intersection. In this case you may go straight ahead only.
A green arrow, in this case, means you may turn in the direction of the arrow.

A yellow arrow may appear after a green arrow and warns you to clear the intersection.

A red flashing light means you must stop completely then proceed with caution.

A yellow flashing light means you must slow down and exercise caution before proceeding through the intersection.

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LANE CONTROL SIGNALS

No travel allowed in this lane in the direc-
tion you are going

"Steady" clear the lane "Flashing" left turn permitted

Travel in lane

OVERHEAD LANE SIGNS

Left turn only

Straight or left turn only

Right turn only

PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS

Leave the curb to cross street
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Do not leave curb

"Flashing" - do not leave curb but
complete crossing

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Stop Lines
Stop lines are white lines painted across the pavement at intersections indicating the exact place to stop. In urban areas the line is usually located about four feet before the crosswalk. Drivers must come to a complete stop at the stop line, when present, not at the stop sign or traffic signal.
Crosswalk Lines
These white lines are painted across, or partially across the pavement. When pedestrians are in the crosswalks, they have the right-of-way over motor vehicles. Crosswalks are sometimes in the middle of a block in residential areas, and in some cases, a pedestrian crossing signal is located at the white line.
Railroad Crossings and Crossbucks
In the front of railroad crossings, the pavement is sometimes marked with a large X and two R's. This is known as a crossbuck. At railroad crossings, a yellow line is always placed on the right side of the center line to prevent passing. The crossing is sometimes equipped with control arms and/or emergency lights, to warn drivers of approaching trains. The driver of the vehicle must stop if warning signals say a train is approaching.

Pedestrians Walking On or Along Roadway
Pedestrians are not permitted to pass through, around, over, or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad grade crossing or bridge while the gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.

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PAVEMENT MARKINGS
Pavement markings, like highway signs, are used to warn and direct drivers to regulate traffic.
Center Lines
These are used to separate traffic moving in opposite directions on paved roadways. Broken yellow lines are used when there are only two lanes.
No Passing Lines
These are the single, solid yellow lines on two-lane roads which indicate zones where passing is prohibited. These single, solid yellow lines will be located on the right of the broken yellow line when they apply to you. In some instances, both yellow lines will be solid, indicating it is not safe for passing in either direction.
Edgelines
These are the solid white lines along the side of the pavement. They serve as safety guides, especially at night when it is difficult to see the edge of the road. A yellow edge line may be used on the left side to warn of narrow or raised medians.
Lane Lines
These are the white dashes which divide streets and highways having more than one lane for traffic moving in the same direction.
When there are four or more lanes with traffic moving in opposite directions, two solid yellow lines mark the center of the roadway. You may cross these lines only to make a left turn into or from an alley, private road, driveway, or other street.

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TURN LANES
This lane, bordered by solid yellow and/or broken yellow lines, is in the center of streets and highways to make left turns. A vehicle desiring to turn left should proceed to the turn lane just prior to making a left turn. Georgia law prohibits the use of this lane for any purpose other than making a left turn. You may enter this lane no more than 300 feet from the location of the left turn.

TRAFFIC STRIPING
These markings, diagonal yellow lines, are on streets and highways indicating that the road is narrowing or there is an obstruction on the roadway. The area is similar to a triangle with solid yellow diagonal lines within the outside lines. Always keep to right of markings.

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Chapter 4
Traffic Laws
Traffic laws are necessary to provide for the orderly movement of vehicles and pedestrians, and the prevention of accidents. If you do not follow them you may be penalized, fined, and/or you may lose your privilege to drive. It is important to remember that traffic laws exist for your protection. If you disobey them, you run the risk of injuring yourself or others. To obey the laws, you must first know and understand them.
Here are three general traffic laws you should know.
1. It is a misdemeanor for any person to disregard a traffic law or fail to do something required by the traffic laws of this State.
2. Everyone must obey the orders of a law enforcement officer or firefighter who is directing traffic.
3. It is against the law to drive onto an officially closed roadway or onto a section of highway before it has been officially opened.
LAWS GOVERNING RIGHT-OF-WAY
To be a safe driver, whether you are in a vehicle or on a bicycle, you must understand that, in every situation, the right-of-way is something which is to be given, not taken. If the other driver is not following the rules, yield the right-of-way, even if it really belongs to you; otherwise, you will be gambling with the lives of yourself and your passengers.
Drivers must yield to other drivers:
1. At any intersection where there is a stop sign, you may proceed only after stopping and yielding the right-of-way to any other vehicle either in the intersection, or so close to it as to make it dangerous.
2. At intersections where there are no stop signs, yield signs or traffic signals, the driver of the vehicle on the left must yield to the driver of the vehicle on the right, if they approach or enter the intersection from different roadways at the same time.
3. At a four-way stop intersection, when more than one driver reaches it at approximately the same time, the first one to stop should be the first to go, if safe to do so. Others should take their turns. There are three other things to remember:
a. Don't delay traffic behind you take your turn when it comes. b. If another driver tries to take your turn, let the driver proceed. It might prevent
an accident. c. Care, courtesy and common sense should govern your actions.

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4. When making a left turn at an intersection, alley or driveway, yield the right-of-way to all traffic from the opposite direction, then proceed when it is safe to do so.

5. When approaching a yield sign, slow down to a speed reasonable for existing conditions, and be prepared to stop. If it is necessary to stop for the purpose of safety, follow the procedure outlined for stop signs.

6. When approaching a merging traffic sign, adjust your speed and vehicle position in order to merge or to allow others to merge into a lane safely.

7. At intersections with traffic control lights, even after getting a green light, wait until all cross traffic has safely cleared the intersection before proceeding.

8. If you are about to enter or cross a highway from an alley, private road or highway, you must stop, and yield the right-of-way to all other vehicles on the street or highway before proceeding.

9. If police or authorized emergency vehicles, which utilize blue or red lights, are using either/both sirens and lights, you must pull over onto the right-hand shoulder and stop, if possible, until the emergency vehicle has passed. Intersections must not be blocked. In all cases pull to the right and stop!

10. The operator of a motor vehicle approaching a stationary authorized emergency vehicle that is displaying flashing yellow, amber, white, red, or blue lights shall approach the authorized emergency vehicle with due caution and shall make a lane change into a lane not adjacent to the authorized emergency vehicle if possible. If a lane change would be impossible, prohibited by law, or unsafe, reduce the speed of the motor vehicle to a reasonable and proper speed for the existing road and traffic conditions, less than the posted speed limit, and be prepared to stop.

NOTE: All police vehicles are required to use blue emergency lights. All ambulances, fire trucks, and certain public utility vehicles are required to use red emergency lights. All wreckers and other emergency vehicles are required to use amber emergency lights.

11. Yield to all highway maintenance vehicles and workers in a construction zone.

12. It is permissible to make a right turn on red at an intersection controlled by a traffic control light, after a complete stop, unless a sign posted at that intersection prohibits doing so.

13. It is permissible to make a left turn on a red signal from the left lane of a one way street only onto a one way street on which the traffic moves toward the driver's left. You must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians and other traffic, proceeding as directed by the signal at such intersection.

14. You must stop when approaching a stopped school bus that has the stop sign out and the flashing lights on for the purpose of loading or unloading passengers. You shall not proceed until the school bus resumes motion. On a highway divided by a median, cars coming from the opposite direction are not required to stop. Remember to use caution. Children can be unpredictable. In this situation, the safety of the children
is more important than any other traffic concerns. Children may not be watching for
traffic, so you should be watching for them!

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Drivers must yield to pedestrians:
1. The driver of a vehicle shall stop and remain stopped to allow a pedestrian to cross the roadway within a crosswalk when the pedestrian is upon the half of the roadway upon which the vehicle is traveling, or when the pedestrian is approaching and is within one lane of the half of the roadway on which the vehicle is traveling or onto which it is turning. "Half of the roadway" means all traffic lanes carrying traffic in one direction of travel.
2. When making a left or right turn at any intersection. 3. At stop signs, after coming to a complete stop and before proceeding. 4. At traffic signals, even when the light is green, if pedestrians are still in
crosswalk. 5. When entering a street or highway from an alley, driveway, or private road. 6. When approaching a blind person who is crossing a street or highway if he/she
is carrying a white cane or being guided by a dog.
PASSING
How To Pass On A Two-Lane Road
1. Check well ahead for "No passing zone" and oncoming cars. Be sure you have time and space enough to overtake the vehicle ahead and return to the right lane before an approaching vehicle comes within 200 feet of you.
2. Stay well back from the car ahead so you can see ahead. Check rearview and side mirrors, and also turn your head and look back to check your "blind spot". Someone may be passing you. Signal left.
3. Tap your horn when necessary to alert the driver ahead.
4. Pass on the left and do not return to the right lane until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle. Wait until you can see the car you have just passed in your rearview mirror.
5. Signal right turn before returning to the right lane. Be sure to turn your signal off.
Passing On The Right
You may pass on the right of another vehicle which is making or about to make a left turn. You may also pass on the right when traveling on a multi-lane highway carrying two or more lanes of traffic in the same direction.
When Someone Passes You
When a driver behind you is overtaking your vehicle, be on your guard so that you may protect yourself from any unsafe actions by the other driver. It's a good idea to slow down just a little to make passing you easier. Remember that it is unlawful to increase your speed until you have been completely passed by the overtaking vehicle.

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Passing Bicyclists
Bicyclists may be using the roads at any time. Please pass them with caution, treating them as you would any other vehicle you wish to pass on a two-lane road. Because bicyclists do not always travel in a straight line, allow extra width when passing.
Passing is prohibited on two-lane roads:
1. In areas marked by a solid yellow line on the right of the center line, or a "Do Not Pass" Sign, or double yellow lines.
2. Within 100 feet of a railroad crossing.
3. Within 100 feet of a bridge, viaduct or tunnel.
4. When a car approaching from the opposite direction makes passing unsafe.
5. On a hill or curve where it is not possible to see oncoming vehicles which might be close enough to be a hazard.
6. Within 100 feet of an intersection.
7. On the shoulder of the road.
8. When a school bus is stopped to load or unload passengers.
You must always drive on the right half of the roadway except:
1. When overtaking and passing another vehicle going in the same direction.
2. When an obstruction makes it necessary to drive to the left of the center line, but only after yielding to oncoming traffic.
3. Upon a roadway with two or more marked lanes in the same direction.
4. Upon a roadway restricted to one way traffic. Upon a multi-lane, two way highway, you must never drive to the left of the center line except when authorized to do so by traffic control signals or signs or when making a left turn into an alley, private road or driveway.
Weaving
It is unlawful to weave from one lane of traffic to another in order to move faster than the flow of traffic. A motorist may change lanes on a multi-lane highway and pass slower moving vehicles only when it is safe to do so. A driver's signaling to change lanes should be clearly indicated so as to warn vehicles of the movement.

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TURN SIGNALS
Turn movements by motor vehicles are regulated by law, and failure to observe or comply is a violation. Drivers must know and understand the law in order to turn safely and avoid accidents.
STOP
RIGHT TURN
LEFT TURN

A turn signal must be given whenever a turn is made to the right or the left. You must give a continuous turn signal for an adequate distance to alert other drivers before turning.

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Illegal Signals: It is against the law to flash turn signals as a courtesy or "do pass" signal to other drivers in the rear.
How To Make A Right Turn
Give a right turn signal at the proper time and approach the intersection in the right-hand lane, staying close to the curb. Make the turn in such a way as to end up in the right lane of the street into which you turned. Do not make a wide swing into another lane of traffic.
How To Make A Left Turn
Move into the farthest left lane going in your direction, give the left turn signal, keeping the wheels straight at the intersection until the turn is made, and yield the right-of-way to all vehicles which are approaching from the opposite direction. After yielding and when safe to do so, proceed with your turn. Make the turn in such a way as to end up in the left lane of the street into which you turned.
U-Turns
Do not make a "U" turn on a curve or near the top of a hill if you cannot be seen by other drivers approaching from either direction. Do not make a U-turn where signs prohibit doing so.
PARKING
Make it a practice to never leave your vehicle until you have stopped the motor, put the gear in low, reverse or park positions, set the parking brake, and removed the keys.
Steps to Parallel Parking
1. Stop even with car ahead and about 2 feet away from it.
2 Turn wheels sharp right and back slowly toward car behind.
3. As your front door passes the back bumper of the car ahead, quickly straighten the wheels and continue to back straight.
4. When clear of car ahead, turn wheels sharp left and back slowly to car behind.
5. Turn wheels sharp right and pull toward center of parking space.
6. Always give appropriate signal.

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Backing Up
1. Before backing, you should look to the front, sides and rear to make sure it is safe to do so. Continue to look to the rear while backing. Do not depend on your mirrors. You should turn your head and look over your right shoulder while backing. In residential areas be especially careful to watch out for children. Always check behind the vehicle before backing.
2. For buses and large vehicles, the driver should use all mirrors and utilize a reliable person to observe and direct while backing the vehicle.
You may not stop, stand, or park:
1. On the street side of any parked vehicle.
2. On a sidewalk.
3. Within an intersection.
4. On a crosswalk.
5. Between a safety zone and the adjacent curb.
6. Alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing, or parking would obstruct traffic.
7. Upon a bridge or overpass, or within a tunnel, underpass or subway.
8. On any railroad tracks.
9. On a controlled access highway.
10. At any place marked by a no-parking sign.
You may not stop, stand, or park except momentarily to pick up or dropoff passengers:
1. In front of a public or private driveway.
2. Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant.
3. Within 20 feet of a crosswalk at an intersection.
4. Within 30 feet of a stop sign, yield sign, or traffic control signal.
5. Within 20 feet of a fire station driveway.
6. Within 50 feet of a railroad crossing.
7. At any place where official signs prohibit standing.
It is against the law to park on a highway. If the vehicle is disabled, you should make every practical effort to park off the highway, leaving free passage and a clear view of your vehicle for 200 feet in each direction.

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MAXIMUM SPEED LIMITS
(Unless otherwise posted) All vehicles..............................................55 Rural interstate when posted...................70 Urban interstate when posted..................65
The speed limit for any business or residence district is 30 miles per hour maximum unless otherwise posted.

Driving Too Slowly

While driving too fast is very dangerous, driving too slowly on certain highways can also be dangerous. When there are two or more lanes for traffic moving in the same direction, slower vehicles should use the right hand lane except when passing or making a left turn. In any case, you must not drive slower than the minimum speed limit or so slow as to interfere with the normal flow of traffic.

School Buses

You must stop when overtaking or meeting a stopped school bus, except where highways are separated in the center by median strips; then only vehicles following in the same direction must stop. Warning will be given in advance by the flashing red or amber lights on the front and rear of the bus. It is not necessary to stop for a school bus on a controlled access highway if the bus is in a loading zone where pedestrians are not permitted to cross. After stopping, you may proceed only when the bus resumes motion or when the flashing lights turn off.

Railroad Crossings

You must always stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail when:

1. The signal is flashing.

2. The crossing gates are lowered.

3. A flagman is giving a signal.

4. A train is approaching so closely as to create an immediate hazard.

5. A train gives a warning signal and is an immediate hazard due to its speed or nearness to the crossing.

6. A stop sign is posted.

Under no circumstances should a motorist drive through, around or under any crossing gate while the gate is closed. After stopping, remain stopped until all tracks have been cleared and it is safe to proceed.

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Highway Work Zones
In order to minimize inconvenience, most road work in Georgia is done while the road is still open to traffic. Drivers and passengers are at higher risk in a work zone, as are the workers who are often only inches from passing vehicles. Over half of all fatal injuries to road workers are caused by being struck by a motor vehicle, and a third of these by vehicles intruding into the work space. The Georgia Department of Transportation alone has experienced 56 workers' deaths in work zones between 1972 and 2006.
Work Zones
Highway work zones are defined as portions of a highway or street where construction, reconstruction, or maintenance work is being done to the road, its shoulders, or any other areas near the roadway. This definition also includes mobile work such as underground and overhead utility maintenance, snow removal, and land surveying activities.

Highway work zones are set up according to the type of road and the work to be done on the road. Signing, roadway markings, and flaggers are used to direct drivers safely through work zones or carefully marked detours. Motorists are responsible for knowing how to read and react to these directions. Paying attention, and driving cautiously and courteously are the most important steps to preventing accidents while driving through a work zone. Watch for the color orange. It means road work.

Obey the Signs
Warning signs in work zones usually have an orange background and black letters or symbols. They are used with other traffic control devices or flaggers to help direct traffic safely through work areas and to protect highway workers.

Reduce Your Speed
When approaching a road work zone, reduce your speed. In many work zone situations, normal speed limits are reduced for safety reasons. If there are no reduced speed limits posted, drivers should obey the normal posted speed limit. Reducing speed and adjustments in your lane position can reduce the risk of an accident or injury.

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Advisory speed limits are used to identify safe speeds for specific conditions within a work zone. These black and orange signs are always used with warning signs. Work zone speed limits are short term regulatory speed limits that are established for worker safety due to traffic in adjacent lanes. These speed limits are marked with standard black and white speed limit signs. Motorists who disobey regulatory speed limits in a work zone may be found guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature and will be punished by a fine of not less than $100.00 nor more than $2,000.00, or by imprisonment for a term not to exceed 12 months, or both.
Obey Flaggers
Flaggers are used to direct traffic through and around work zones. In a work zone, a flagger has the same authority as a regulatory sign, so you can be cited for disobeying the flagger's directions.
Yield to Amber Lights in Work Zones
Work vehicles and heavy equipment will typically have flashing or revolving amber lights. You must yield the right-of-way to these vehicles. Reduce your speed as you approach any work zone where vehicles have amber lights displayed.
Adjust Your Lane Position
Travel lanes are likely to be closed in work zones and lane patterns changed as the work progresses. When lanes are closed or narrowed and workers are working near traffic, you should change lanes or shift slightly away in your lane to give added protection for you and the workers along the roadway. Road workers will do their best to avoid any contact with drivers, but the job often requires that the work be close to your lane of travel. Reduced speed and adjustments in your lane position can reduce the risk of accident or injury.

Yield to Mobile Work Vehicles
Various road work can be performed without subjecting motorists to closed travel lanes. Pavement maintenance, debris removal, paint striping, utility work, and snow removal are examples of work accomplished while moving in traffic. Vehicles used in performing this type of work will have flashing amber lights and may have flashing arrows directing traffic to merge left or right. The vehicles may also display signs for the purpose of directing traffic or indicating hazardous conditions. These vehicles usually work at very slow speeds, such as 5 miles per hour, and may even require stopping in the roadway. For your safety and the safety of others - slow down, yield to the work in progress, and follow any directions displayed by the work vehicles.
MOVE/MERGE RIGHT
Driving Tips
When you travel through a work zone, remember these four tips: 1. Reduce your speed. 2. Adjust your lane position away from workers. 3. Prepare for the unexpected! 4. Watch for speed limit signs. Fines are doubled in most work zones.
DO YOUR PART TO HELP PROTECT THE MEN AND WOMEN WHO WORK HARD
TO MAKE GEORGIA ROADS AMONG THE BEST IN THE NATION.

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OTHER LAWS
Controlled-Access Roadways You are prohibited from entering or leaving any controlled-access (interstate) roadway at unauthorized entrances or exits. Certain types of vehicles may be prohibited on controlledaccess roadways if signs are posted to this effect. Backing up is prohibited on controlledaccess roadways.
Coasting The driver of any motor vehicle, when traveling down a hill, must not coast with the gears or transmission of the vehicle in neutral.
Driving While Intoxicated Any person who is under the influence of alcohol or any other drug which makes the person unable to drive safely is prohibited from driving or being in physical control of any type of vehicle. A person 21 or more years of age is considered "Under the Influence of Alcohol" when 0.08 gm or more by alcohol weight is present in the blood. A person under 21 years of age is considered "Under the Influence of Alcohol" when 0.02 gm or more by alcohol weight is present in the blood. Penalties for driving under the influence of intoxicants are severe, with fines up to $1000, jail sentences up to 12 months, and mandatory suspension of your driving privileges.
Reckless Driving Reckless driving is defined as driving any vehicle in reckless disregard for the safety of persons or property. Penalties for reckless driving include fines up to $1000, imprisonment up to 12 months, and suspension of your license.
Drag Racing The following behaviors are considered drag racing: When two or more people compete or race on any street or highway, When one motor vehicle is beside or to the rear of another driver, and one driver tries
to prevent the passing or overtaking of the competing driver by acceleration or maneu ver When one or more persons compete in a race against time
In Georgia it is unlawful to drag race. The penalties for committing this violation may include imprisonment, a fine, and the suspension of your driving privilege.
Aggressive Driving Aperson commits the offense of aggressive driving when he or she operates any motor vehicle with the intent to annoy, harass, molest, intimidate, injure, or obstruct another person. A conviction of aggressive driving will be a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature.
Following Emergency Vehicles The driver of any vehicle, other than one on official business, must not follow any fire fighting apparatus traveling in response to a fire alarm, or other emergency vehicles, closer than 200 feet, or drive into or park any vehicle within 500 feet of any fire apparatus stopped in answer to a fire alarm.

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Trucks and Vehicles Pulling Trailers When traveling upon a roadway outside of a business or residential district, drivers of trucks and vehicles pulling trailers must leave sufficient space between themselves and other vehicles of the same kind, so that the driver of an overtaking vehicle can enter and occupy the space without danger.

Median Strip It is unlawful to drive across a dividing section, barrier, or unpaved strip which separates two roadways at any point other than an authorized opening or crossover.

Impaired Hearing and Vision It is unlawful to operate a motor vehicle while wearing a headphone, headset, or any other device which would impair the driver's ability to hear. Also, the driver must not wear anything which would obstruct his vision while driving a motor vehicle.

Obstructing the Driver's View If a vehicle is overloaded with passengers or freight, so as to obstruct the view of the driver or interfere with the mechanical operation, it cannot be legally driven. Passengers must not ride in a position that interferes with the driver's view or his control of the vehicle.

Open Doors Opening the doors of a vehicle on the side on which traffic is moving is prohibited unless it is safe to do so and unless it can be done without interfering with the movement of other traffic.

One Way Under no circumstances may a vehicle be driven contrary to the direction posted on a oneway street or highway, except in situations where police vehicles or authorized emergency vehicles find it necessary to do so.

Riding in Trailers Riding in a house trailer, or any other vehicular drawn trailer, is prohibited while it is being moved upon a street or highway. There is a potential danger of injury to occupants within a trailer if it should accidently become unhitched from the towing vehicle.

Stopping When stopping or slowing down suddenly, the proper hand, arm, or brake operated stop signal must be given.

Approaching Authorized Emergency Vehicles The operator of a motor vehicle approaching a stationary authorized emergency vehicle that is displaying flashing yellow, amber, white, red or blue lights shall approach the authorized emergency vehicle with due caution and shall, if possible, make a lane change into a lane not adjacent to the authorized emergency vehicle or reduce the speed of the motor vehicle below the posted speed limit and be prepared to stop if necessary.

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Use Headlights Properly
You should dim (lower) your headlights when you are:
1. Within 500 feet of an approaching vehicle so as not to blind the driver.
2. When following closely (within 200 feet) behind another vehicle.
3. When driving on lighted roads.
4. When driving in rain, fog, snow, or smoke.
5. When vision is reduced to less than 200 feet.
Use bright lights only when driving in the open country, when other cars are not nearby. Even with the upper beam, speed must be slower than by day.
You must use your headlights between one-half hour after sunset to one-half hour before sunrise; at any time when it is raining; or when visibility is limited.
Night Driving
Because of decreased vision at night and the glare of oncoming headlights, night driving is more demanding and requires greater concentration than daytime driving. Unfamiliar roads and unexpected situations are more likely to cause trouble. You can help ensure safe driving in several ways.
1. Make sure your headlights are working properly and the lenses are kept clean. Periodically have them checked for correct aim.
2. Don't overdrive your headlights. Keep your speed within the range at which you can see the pavement ahead clearly enough to be able to make an emergency stop.
3. Slow down when meeting another vehicle or when nearing a curve if you are driving at or near the maximum posted speed limit.
4. Use the edgeline as a guide. If there is no edgeline, use the centerline to guide yourself.
5. Keep your windshield clean.
6. Stay awake and alert. More frequent stops, more fresh air, lively radio programs and other measures can help you to avoid drowsiness and inattention. Do not drive if you are tired.
7. Watch carefully for highway signs; they are harder to see at night.
8. Be especially watchful for pedestrians and vehicles stopped along the edge of the road.
9. Do not stop on the roadway for any reason.

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Chapter 5
Safety Rules
Traffic laws alone cannot regulate every type of driving situation that may occur. There are some general rules which drivers should understand and follow. Read the following chapter with care. Someday these safety tips might help you avoid an accident, serious injury, or even death.
Entering the Car
Develop a routine for entering the car safely and preparing to begin your trip. If you are parked on the street, enter from the curb side of the vehicle. If this is not possible, wait until your entry can be made with reasonable safety and without interfering with the flow of traffic. Have your keys ready, and approach the vehicle facing traffic. Adjust your seat and mirrors. Check passengers to be sure they are properly seated and do not interfere with your view. Before starting your ignition, fasten your seatbelt and make sure your passengers do the same. After starting your vehicle, check around your vehicle for hazards or approaching traffic, give the proper signal and move cautiously into the stream of traffic.
Seat Belts
Georgia law states that each occupant of the front seat of a vehicle traveling on Georgia roads and highways must be secured by a seat safety belt. All occupants of any vehicle must utilize a seat belt if under the age of 18.
Statistics show that three out of four traffic deaths occur within 25 miles of the driver's home and that four out of five crashes occur at speeds of less than 40 mph. People have been killed in traffic accidents at speeds as low as 12 mph because they were not wearing their seatbelts.
Safety belts are needed because they are the most effective occupant protection in all types of vehicle crashes. Using safety belts correctly is a preventable health care habit that:
helps you keep control of the vehicle. helps keep your head from striking the dash or windshield. -- helps keep people in the vehicle from hitting each other. helps spread the crash force across the stronger parts of the body. helps protect you from injury if you are hit by someone driving under the
influence of alcohol or drugs. helps keep you from being ejected from the vehicle.
Your lifetime chances of being involved in a traffic accident are virtually 100%. You have a 50% chance of suffering a disabling injury, and one in 50 chances of being killed. When used correctly, safety belts are effective. Using lap shoulder belts cuts your chances of being killed or seriously injured in a crash by 40 to 50 percent. Safety belts reduce the risk of death by approximately 60 percent. Occupant protection laws are primary in Georgia, meaning officers may stop and cite violators without the presence of another violation.

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No new private passenger automobile can be sold in Georgia unless it is equipped with two sets of safety belts for the front seat. The safety belts may be installed by the manufacturer prior to delivery to the dealer, or they may be installed by the dealer. Any person convicted of violating this law will be guilty of a misdemeanor.
Safety Restraints for Children Five Years of Age or Younger
Every driver transporting a child who is five years of age or younger, with the exception of a taxicab or public transit vehicle, must properly restrain the child in a child passenger restraining system appropriate for the child's height and weight. The restraint system must comply with the United States Department of Transportation Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 213 (effective January 1, 1983).
Steering
Good posture while driving is important because it allows a better view of hazards and more control of the vehicle. When gripping the steering wheel, place your left hand at the 9 o'clock position and your right hand at the 3 o'clock position on the wheel. Always keep both hands on the wheel unless you are safely performing another driving-related task (such as activating your turn signal).
Making a Safe Turn
1.Make up your mind before you get to the turning point. Never make a "last minute" turn it is too dangerous.
2. Look around you to check for other vehicles or hazards before you change lanes.
3. Move into the proper lane as soon as it is safe to do so. The faster the traffic is moving, the sooner you should do this.
4. Give the proper turn signal an adequate distance before you make your turn. If using a hand signal, hold it until you are close enough to the intersection for others to know what you intend to do. Do not hold the signal while making the turn you need both hands on the wheel.
5. Slow down to a reasonable turning speed. 6. Make the turn correctly. This will be easier if you are in the proper lane and
proceeding carefully when you begin to turn. 7. Finish your turn in the proper lane.
Avoid These Turning Mistakes
1. Turning from the wrong lane.
2. Last minute decisions to turn.
3. Turning into the wrong lane.

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Fog
If possible, avoid driving in heavy fog. If you must drive under these conditions, follow these guidelines:
1. Reduce your driving speed.
2. Reduce speed further when you see headlights or red tail lights. These indicate the presence of another vehicle and, because of the fog, it may be more difficult to accurately judge the distance between your vehicle and the other one.
3. Dim your headlights. Because bright lights produce glare in heavy fog, you will actually be able to see more clearly with just your regular headlights.
4. Do not drive with parking or hazard lights on.
Hydroplaning
Hydroplaning occurs when there is standing water on a roadway. At speeds up to 35 mph, most tires will channel water away from the tire similar to the way a windshield wiper cleans the windshield. As your speed increases, tires cannot channel the water as well, and your tires may start to lose contact with the road and ride over the water like a set of water skis. In a standard passenger car, partial hydroplaning can start at speeds as low as 35 mph. At 55 mph, the tires may lose all contact with the road. If this occurs, there is no friction available to brake, accelerate, or steer. It is possible for the vehicle to go into an unpredictable and uncontrollable skid. If this occurs, take your foot off of the accelerator, letting the car slow down. To prevent hydroplaning, maintain good tires with adequate water-channeling thread on your vehicle. Most importantly, slow down when there is water on the roadway.
Skidding
A car skids when its tires lose their grip on the road surface. When a car skids, both the power that the engine sends to the wheels and the braking ability of the wheels are lost. If your car begins to skid, try to:
1. Look where you want the vehicle to go and steer towards it.
2. Avoid braking.
Reducing speed is critical in regaining control of a skidding vehicle, but do not slam on your brakes! Take your foot off the accelerator. As you start to gain control, you may safely slow the vehicle by very gently pressing and releasing the brake pedal. The best thing you can do to avoid skidding is to slow down when approaching possible danger spots, and be prepared. Do not accelerate, brake or change lanes when riding on slippery spots such as gravel, sand or oil slicks. If the wheels keep rolling freely at the same speed in a fairly straight line, you are less likely to skid.

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The first half-hour of rainfall is the most dangerous since roadways become extremely slippery due to the mixture of oil deposits and water on the road surfaces.
Curves
Curves demand special attention from drivers. They can be dangerous in any road conditions. When it is raining, curves can be especially dangerous and require much lower speeds than when the road is dry. Drivers should slow down before entering any curve.
Sharper curves are usually marked with a safe miles-per-hour entering speed. If you are exceeding this speed as you approach the curve, slow down before entering, using the brake if necessary. In case you find that you have entered at an excessive speed, do not panic and slam on the brakes. Locked wheels will only cause you to skid. An experienced driver can usually maneuver safely in this kind of situation by careful application of brakes and power.
Leaving the Roadway
Serious accidents can be caused by leaving the roadway. To avoid this, pay attention while driving. If you do leave the roadway or if you are forced off, follow these guidelines:
1. Don't panic.
2. Take your foot off the accelerator.
3. Grip the steering wheel tightly and be prepared to withstand sudden shocks.
4. Don't hit the brake pedal suddenly and hard; use your brakes carefully.
5. Don't try to turn back onto the pavement immediately. Wait until your speed has reduced, check the traffic behind you, and look for a place where you can get back onto the roadway and into traffic. When turning back onto the pavement, your speed must be low enough to avoid crossing the center line into oncoming traffic lanes or going completely across the roadway into the left-hand ditch.

Tire Blow-Out
If you have a tire suddenly blow out while driving, do not panic. Follow these guidelines to maintain control of the vehicle.
1.Apply brakes lightly.
2. Grasp the steering wheel firmly and take your foot off the accelerator to allow the vehicle to roll to a stop.
3. Do not move to the shoulder of the road until the car has slowed greatly. If the blow-out causes the car to swerve on to the shoulder, do not try to get back on the pavement. Let the car coast to a stop.
Winter Driving
Winter weather can create driving hazards that many Georgia drivers are not used to. Here are several suggestions to help you drive safely in winter weather.
1. Use chains or snow tires.
2. Keep windows clear. Remove snow and ice before you drive.
3. Get the feel of the roadway. Start out very slowly. Test your brakes gently. Slow down gradually before you come to an intersection, make a turn, or stop.
4. Keep a safe distance between you and other vehicles.
5. Reduce speed according to conditions.
6. Watch for hazards or changing road conditions ahead.
Following Too Closely
Rear-end collisions are caused by following another vehicle too closely. When following another vehicle on any street or highway, you must stay far enough behind to enable you to stop if the other vehicle suddenly slows down or stops. Watch the car ahead of you. When it passes some reference point, such as a telephone pole, count "one-thousand-one, one-thousand-two." If you pass the same spot before you are through counting, you are following too closely. Always add additional seconds for other hazards such as inclement weather.

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Carbon Monoxide
Cars produce carbon monoxide, a deadly odorless and colorless gas. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are sudden weariness, yawning, dizziness, and nausea. Simple precautions to avoid carbon monoxide are:
1. Don't leave the motor running in a garage.
2. Don't leave the motor running and the window closed while the car is parked.
3. Don't operate the heater or air conditioner in a parked car with the windows closed.
4. Don't drive with a defective muffler or exhaust system. 5. Move a victim of carbon monoxide to fresh air and give artificial respiration if
necessary.
Stopping Distance
The distance it takes to stop your vehicle is important in determining a safe driving speed. The chart below may be used as a guide, but actual stopping distance can depend on the following factors.
1. Mental and physical reaction of the driver.
2. Type and condition of the pavement.
3. Kind of tires and tread composition.
4. Chassis (frame) design.
5. Type of brakes, condition, and balance of brakes.
6. Wind direction and velocity.

Speed is a leading factor in serious injuries and deaths as a result of traffic accidents. The greater the speed, the greater the force of impact. See the illustration to understand the relative force of impact when you strike a fixed object.
EXPRESSWAY DRIVING
The basic feature of an expressway is that access to it is controlled or "planned." One can only get on or off at specific places known as interchanges. Some multiple-lane roads are free while others require a toll, but they all have several important advantages. If you know how to use them properly, you can get to your destination quicker, easier, and safer.

HOV LANES
Double White Lines (No Entry) Dashed White Line (You May Enter)

High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are travel lanes that are restricted to vehicles with more than one occupant, buses and motorcycles. The lanes are marked with a diamond symbol and the hours of restriction are posted. The penalty for violating HOV lane restrictions is a fine up to $75 for first offense; up to $100 for second offense; up to $150 for third offense; and up to $150 fine plus one point added to the violator's driving record for the fourth or subsequent offense.

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Entering Expressways
The entrance ramp is a short one-way road that leads to the expressway. From the entrance ramp, you should move onto the acceleration lane. This is the lane that runs alongside the main roadway. In the acceleration lane, you can pace your speed to the speed of the expressway traffic. When safe to do so, you should merge into traffic. Vehicles on the expressway have the right of way, but courteous drivers will permit you to move into the expressway traffic.

Exiting Expressways
Prepare to exit a controlled access highway by safely moving to the right lane for an exit on the right, or the left lane for an exit on the left. Guide signs will tell you of the approaching exit. At the exit, deceleration lanes are provided for slowing down when leaving the expressway. Posted exit speeds are usually low due to the design of the roadway. Do not slow down on the expressway.
Use of Lanes on Expressways
Drivers operating vehicles on divided highways must drive to the right of the median unless directed to do otherwise by a sign, traffic control device, or police officer. Drivers must obey the striping (yellow or white) on the roadway that indicates lanes, the convergence of lanes, or areas in which vehicles should not operate. Drivers may only access or exit controlled-access roadways at designated entrances and exits.
The term "gore" means the area of convergence between two lanes of traffic. The gore is the area, ususally similar to a triangle, formed by solid white lines between an existing lane of travel and a merging lane of travel. Gores are most often seen at the entrance ramps for controlled access highways. As the oncoming traffic comes onto the highway, the gore would be the area bounded by solid white lines between the entrance ramp lane and the travel lane. Drivers entering the controlled access highway are prohibited by law from crossing this solid white line, and are required to continue traveling in the entrance ramp lane until the solid white line disappears.

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Tips For Expressway Driving
Plan Your Trip Carefully: Mark the map to indicate all entrances, service areas, and exits you plan to use. Doing these things will help you to have a safe, fast, and pleasant journey. You can check the website www.georgia-navigator.com for road construction, road closures, exit numbers, and other information to help plan your trip.
Check Your Car Before You Start: Because expressways are designed for faster and smoother flowing traffic, there are fewer places to exit. It is very important to check your gasoline gauge and make sure you have enough fuel. Also check the water, oil, and tires of your vehicle.
Be Alert: Use your rearview mirror and side mirror to constantly check the traffic around you. Always make visual traffic checks before you change lanes.
Stay Out of Another Driver's Blind Spot: Traveling in a position where the driver ahead of you cannot observe your vehicle in the rearview mirrors is a dangerous practice; the driver might pull out in front of you to pass a car. Either stay far enough behind so that the other driver can see you, or pass the vehicle.
Use Turn Signals: Be sure to flash your right or left turn signal to indicate that you are changing lanes.
Allow Plenty of Room When Passing: Cutting back into the right-hand lane too soon is one of the major causes of expressway collisions. Therefore, be sure to allow enough space when passing. Carefully check the left lane behind you before pulling out to pass. Don't pull back into the right-hand lane until you can see the car that you just passed clearly in your rearview mirror.
Driving Too Slowly: The slowest speed you may normally travel on an expressway is 40 miles per hour. Sometimes, especially when the weather is good and traffic is light, even this can be too slow and may cause dangerous traffic hazards.
Rush Hour Driving: This is sometimes a very frustrating type of driving. One little "fender-bender" accident can clog the expressway for miles. When traveling by an accident scene, don't stop or slow down to a crawl to see what is happening. Often, curiosity seekers are the biggest offenders in clogging rush hour traffic. Always try to be courteous to the driving public.
Don't Back Up: Driving in reverse on an expressway is prohibited under any circumstances.
Stopping: Stopping on the expressway is prohibited. You will find rest areas and service signs at frequent intervals; use them. Stopping on the roadway shoulder is permitted only in an emergency. If it is necessary to stop, raise the hood to indicate difficulty. Don't walk along the expressway in search of help.

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Highway Hypnosis and Fatigue: Drowsiness is one of the greatest dangers in expressway driving. Stop driving if you feel drowsy. Don't rely on stimulant drugs (Stay Awake Drugs). They are likely to make your driving even more hazardous. Stop driving if you feel drowsy. On long trips it is a good idea to exercise your eyes. Expressway drivers are subject to "highway hypnosis," a condition of drowsiness or unawareness brought on by monotony, the sound of the wind, the tires on the pavement, and the steady hum of the engine. Keep shifting your eyes from one area of the roadway to another and focus on various objects, both near and far, left and right. Reading the highway signs may help you stay awake and drive more safely.
Drive Defensively: The key to defensive driving is awareness. You must keep your eyes moving so that you can keep track of what is happening around you at all times. Avoid staring at the center strip. Instead, look ahead for trouble spots which may endanger you or your passengers. The defensive driver will also frequently check the rearview and side mirrors to keep abreast of the traffic and road conditions to the rear and sides.
Never trust another driver to do either what you think they are going to do, or what they should do in a particular situation. The fact that a left turn signal is flashing does not necessarily mean that the driver is going to make a left turn. You should constantly be thinking of an "escape route" as you drive. After a little practice this will become second nature. For example, if you are approaching a curve, you should be looking closely at the shoulder and nearby area to determine what you would do if a car approaching from the other direction crosses to your side of the road. The same consideration applies to bridges and hills.
If a collision is unavoidable, there are certain steps that a defensive driver can take that may lessen the impact of the accident. For example, it is always preferable to strike an object in a diagonal or slanting direction instead of head-on. Also, large fixed objects like telephone poles or trees will usually result in a more dangerous collision than bushes or other movable objects. Keeping your car in good working condition will improve your ability to handle the vehicle under these conditions.

DEER - AUTOMOBILE COLLISIONS
Each year, deer cause thousands of collisions in Georgia. Understanding common habits of deer and knowing what to do when a deer runs out in front of the car can help to avoid serious accidents.
Automobile accident statistics from the Georgia Department of Transportation indicate that though deer-automobile collisions are on the rise, they still account for less than three percent of automobile accidents reported each year.
It is important to remember that deer are wild animals and are very unpredictable. The deer you see calmly standing on the side of the road may bolt toward the road rather than away from it if startled by a car. In areas with known deer populations, drivers should constantly scan the road and road shoulders for deer movements and sightings. Always slow down when a deer crosses the road in front of you or another car. Deer usually travel in groups and there likely is another one following closely behind. If a deer is spotted on the road or roadside at night, the driver should slow down immediately, blink his/her headlights and switch to low beam so as not to blind the deer. Also, short horn blasts may help scare the deer from the road.
Should the deer or other animal run out in front of your car, slow down as much as possible to minimize the damage of a collision. Never swerve to avoid a deer. This action may cause you to strike another vehicle or leave the roadway, causing more damage or serious injuries. If you do have an accident, call the police as soon as possible. Most insurance companies will require an accident report from the police before paying claims for those vehicles covered by collision insurance.
Deer are usually seen along the roadside during the early morning hours and late evening. Drivers should be alert for deer during these peak hours. Deer are most active in the fall months of October, November and December during the peak breeding season. Late February and early March are also critical months for deer-car collisions. During this period they concentrate along road shoulders to feed on new green food available following winter.
There's little you can do when a deer crashes into your car of its own accord. Fortunately, many collisions are avoidable, if you take precautions, slow down and know something about their habits.

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OTHER EMERGENCIES

Fire
Apply mud, dirt, dust or snow. Check ditch for water. Use hub cap to carry water to wet apparel. Loosen dirt with tire tool to throw on fire.

Accelerator Jammed
Slap the pedal with foot. Shift to neutral. Concentrate on steering. Use brakes. Turn off ignition (not to lock).

Brakes Fail
Shift to lower gear. Use parking brakes. Rub tire on the curb. Look for a safe area to stop.

Wet Brakes
Test brakes lightly after driving through deep water. Brakes may pull to one side or may not hold at all. Dry brakes by driving slowly in low gear while applying brakes lightly.
Emotions Affect Your Driving
Do not drive if you are emotionally upset. Persons who have just had arguments, who are angry, or who are in grief, need some time for "cooling-off" before driving a vehicle.
Distracted driving is dangerous for everyone on the road.
Alcohol: Most Abused Drug in America.
There are several things you should remember about alcohol:
1. Alcohol is not a stimulant; it is a depressant. It slows normal reactions, interferes with judgement and reasoning, and reduces alertness.
2. It is a common myth that if you stick to beer or wine, you will not get drunk. It is the amount of alcohol that enters the blood that causes the problem, not the form in which you take it.
3. If you have had too much to drink, coffee, food or milk will not sober you. For the average person, it takes one hour for the effects of one drink to wear off.

COMMON SYMPTOMS OF ALCOHOL INFLUENCE

SLOWED INCREASED

REACTIONS

RISK

TAKING

IMPAIRED

POOR

VISION COORDINATION

The probability of being involved in an accident is greatly increased after consuming alcohol or drugs before or during operation of a motor vehicle.
DON'T DRINK AND DRIVE!
Implied Consent
Georgia's implied consent law means that a person operating a motor vehicle on a public street or highway is automatically giving his permission for a test of alcoholic or drug content of his blood, breath, or urine, whenever requested to do so by an officer who has grounds to believe the driver is driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. If you choose to refuse the test, you will be subject to a one-year suspension of your driver's license. If you are driving a commercial vehicle transporting hazardous materials, you will be subject to a three-year disqualification of your commercial driving privileges.

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TRANSPORT TRUCKS Sharing the Road. . . Safely
Transport trucks are vital to the economy of Georgia and the United States. Most of the products used in every day life were delivered to stores on transport trucks. Transport truck drivers are trained, specially licensed driving professionals.
Sharing the road with transport trucks is a necessary part of travel. Heavy trucks typically weigh 80,000 pounds or more, and drivers should use caution when around them.
Everyone should be aware of the differences between trucks and cars and behave accordingly. These include:
A fully loaded tractor-trailer, traveling 55 mph, needs 3 times the distance a car needs to stop.
Trucks are more difficult to maneuver, are longer and heavier, and require much more room to turn.
Trucks have larger blind spots.
Don't Hang Out in the "No Zone"!!!
Sharing the road safely includes not remaining in the blind spot of vehicles while passing them. Typically, the larger the vehicle, the larger the blind spots.
A truck's blind spots, the "No Zone," are dangerous because truck drivers can't see cars in these areas.
It is impossible to completely avoid a truck's blind spots. However, car drivers should not remain in the "No Zone" any longer than needed to safely pass a heavy truck.
The easiest way to avoid lingering in the "No Zone" is to look for the truck driver's reflection in the side mirror. If you cannot see the driver's reflection, you are in the truck driver's blindspot. These areas around the truck include: directly in front, directly behind and along each side - especially on the right side.

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Truck Safety - DOs
DO recognize and respect the differences between trucks and cars.
DO share the road safely.
DO teach friends and family to share the road safely.
DO avoid lingering in the "No Zone".
DO give trucks plenty of room (or cushion). In dry conditions, use the "two second rule". Follow trucks at a distance of at least two seconds. After passing a truck, give yourself at least two seconds before merging to the right, in front of the truck. Make sure you can see the entire truck in your rearview mirror before merging.
DO give trucks at least four to six seconds of space (or cushion) in wet conditions or at highway speed.
DO give trucks extra room for right turns.
DO give trucks extra space and time for backing up.
DO call authorities if you see unsafe truck driving.
Truck Safety - DON'Ts
DON'T linger in the "No Zone" when passing a truck.
DON'T underestimate the size or speed of a truck.
DON'T slam on your brakes in front of a truck.
DON'T cut off a truck in traffic or on the highway to reach your exit or turn.
DON'T tailgate a truck. At highway speeds or on wet pavement, trucks have more traction than cars.
DON'T pass a truck on the right during a turn.
DON'T forget these safety guidelines. Remember that all motor vehicles are partners in traffic safety. All of us have a responsibility to
SHARE THE ROAD.....SAFELY.

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LITTER CONTROL LAW
Each year, municipal, county and state government agencies spend thousands of dollars to clean up litter from the streets and highways of Georgia. The individual who litters causes harm to the beauty of the state and affects the health, welfare and safety of others.
It is the intention of the Georgia General Assembly to provide for uniform prohibition throughout the State of Georgia of any and all littering on public and private property.
Definitions:
(a) Unless otherwise stated, the word "littering" means all sand, gravel, slag, brick bats, rubbish, waste material, tin cans, refuse, garbage, trash, dead animals or discarded materials of every kind and description.
(b) the phrase "public or private property" means the right-of-way of any road or highway, any body of water or watercourse of the shores or beaches thereof, any park, playground, building refuge or conservation or recreation area and residential or farm properties, timberlands or forest.
It is unlawful to dump, deposit, throw or leave litter on any public or private property in the State of Georgia, or any waters in the State of Georgia.
Whenever litter is thrown, deposited, or dropped from any motor vehicle, the operator of the vehicle shall have violated the Litter Control Law.
All Georgia law enforcement agencies are authorized to enforce compliance of the Litter Control Law.

PROTECTING THE AIR
The operation of motor vehicles has a very significant impact on Georgia's air quality. Emissions from cars and light duty trucks contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, a component of urban smog. Especially during warm weather, vehicle emissions can react with sunlight at high temperatures to produce unhealthy levels of this form of air pollution. Vehicle emissions and ground-level ozone can be reduced by proper vehicle maintenance in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and by fewer trips and vehicle miles traveled.
In the thirteen county metro Atlanta area, gasoline-powered cars and light-duty trucks with model years of 1982 or later must pass an emissions inspection every year prior to registering their vehicle with the county of residence (the most recent three model years are exempt from this requirement). The thirteen metro counties covered by the state's inspection and maintenance program are: Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Paulding and Rockdale. For more detailed information about the emissions inspection program, call the Georgia Clean Air Force at 1-800-449-2471. Remember - removing or disabling a vehicle's emissions control components is a violation of federal and state law.
In addition to proper vehicle maintenance, you can help reduce air pollution and traffic congestion by limiting driving to necessary travel, by planning ahead to consolidate trips, and by using carpools, transit and ridesharing. All drivers should do their part to reduce the impact of automobiles and trucks on air quality and the environment.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON EMISSIONS TESTING REGULATIONS & PROTECTING GEORGIA'S AIR QUALITY:
www.cleanairforce.com
www.cleanaircampaign.com

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Chapter 6
After You Get Your License
The State of Georgia considers dangerous, negligent, or incompetent drivers to be a menace to the safety of the general public; therefore, you must not abuse your privilege to drive, or you may lose it. As long as you remain a resident of Georgia, your driving record will be on file with the Department of Driver Services.
Your License May Be Taken Away
There are three ways by which you may lose your driving privileges:
Cancellation: The Department of Driver Services is authorized to cancel your license if you fail to give the required or correct information needed in your application or if you are otherwise ineligible. You may reapply once you satisfy the requirements.
Revocation: When your license is revoked your driving privileges are terminated and withdrawn until the end of the period of time prescribed by the formal action of the Department. At the expiration of the revocation period, you may apply for a new license.
Suspension: When your license is suspended, your driving privilege is temporarily withdrawn for a specific period of time. Inquiries regarding suspension actions and license reinstatement procedures should be directed to the address indicated below:
Georgia Department of Driver Services Problem Driver Unit P. 0. Box 80447
Conyers, Georgia 30013 (404) 657-9300
Reporting Convictions
After a conviction of a traffic offense, the court will forward notice of that conviction to the Department.
Mandatory Suspension
The Department shall mandatorily suspend a license for a conviction of any of the following offenses in Georgia or any other state:
1. Homicide by vehicle. 2. Serious injury by vehicle. 3. A conviction for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. 4. Any felony in the commission of which a motor vehicle is used. 5. Using a motor vehicle in fleeing or attempting to elude an officer. 6. Fraudulent or fictitious use of, or application for a license. 7. Hit and run or leaving the scene of an accident. 8. Racing.

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9. Refusal to take a chemical test for intoxication. 10. Operating a motor vehicle with a revoked, canceled, or suspended registration. 11. Driving without insurance. 12. Driving while license is suspended, revoked or canceled. 13. Failure to appear in court or respond to a citation. 14. Any violation of the Georgia Controlled Substance Act. 15. The accumulation of 15 or more points within 24 months under the point system,
including violations committed out-of-state.
Points are accumulated for:
a. Reckless Driving.......................................................................................4 points b. Unlawful passing school bus.....................................................................6 points c. Improper passing on hill or curve..............................................................4 points d. Speeding 15 mph but less than 19 mph............................................................2 points
19 mph but less than 24 mph............................................................3 points 24 mph but less than 34 mph............................................................4 points 34 mph or more.................................................................................6 points e. Disobedience of any traffic-control device or traffic officer.....................3 points f. Possessing an open container of an alcoholic beverage
while driving..............................................................................................2 points g. Failure to adequately secure a load...........................................................2 points h. All other moving violations.......................................................................3 points i. Child restraint - 1st offense........................................................................ 1 point j. Child restraint - 2nd and subsequent offense............................................2 points k. Aggressive driving....................................................................................6 points
(A conviction of aggressive driving by a person under 21 years of age will result in a suspension of the driver's license.) l. HOV lane violation - 4th and subsequent offense...................................... 1 point
At the time of the suspension, the points shall be reduced to ......................... 0 points
Mandatory Revocation
Your driver's license will be revoked in Georgia if any of the following occur:
1. For any third conviction of a mandatorily suspendable offense within 5 years, you will be declared a habitual violator. This is a five-year revocation.
2. Refusal to submit to a re-examination of driving skills or knowledge of driving rules after receiving notice giving reasonable grounds for such a request.
3. If there is sufficient evidence that you are incompetent or unfit to drive, due to incapabilities by reason of disease, mental or physical disability, or by alcohol or drug addiction.

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Limited Driving Permits
If you are suspended for a first mandatory conviction, a first or second DUI conviction, or a first or second points suspension, you may be eligible to apply for a limited permit. Limited Driving Permits may be obtained for:
1. Going to your place of employment or performing the normal duties of your occupation.
2. Not having a form of transportation to receive prescribed medical attention or obtaining prescribed drugs.
3. Attending classes at a college or other regularly scheduled school in which you are enrolled.
4. Attending a driver education or assessment and treatment program.
5. To and from Ignition Interlock Centers.
The Department may specify the places you may travel to, specific routes of travel, times of travel, and indicate vehicles or other restrictions deemed necessary. A limited permit will be non-renewable and will become invalid on the expiration date of the permit. Limited driving permits are not valid for commercial vehicles.
Upon the conviction of a second DUI, a person may apply for and be issued an ignition interlock device limited driving permit at the end of 12 months after the suspension of the driver's license. To be eligible for an interlock permit the licensee must submit proof of completion of a DUI alcohol or drug risk reduction program, clinical evaluation, enrollment in treatment or completion of treatment if required by evaluation, and installation of an interlock device. At the end of the six-month ignition interlock device limited driving permit, the driver may apply for reinstatement of his/her driver's license upon payment of the proper fee.

Under 21 Years of Age Suspension
The driver's license of any person under 21 years of age convicted of any of the following offenses shall be SUSPENDED.
1. Hit and run or leaving the scene of an accident.
2.Racing on highways or streets.
3. Using a motor vehicle in fleeing or attempting to elude an officer.
4. Reckless driving.
5. Aggressive driving.
6. Driving under the influence.
7. Purchasing an alcoholic beverage.
8. Attempting to purchase an alcoholic beverage.
9. Underage possession of alcohol while operating a motor vehicle.
10. Misrepresenting age for purpose of illegally obtaining any alcoholic beverage.
11. Misrepresenting identity or using false identification for purpose of purchasing or obtaining an alcoholic beverage.
12 Any offense for which four or more points are assessable: *Unlawful passing of a school bus. *Improper passing on a hill or curve. *Exceeding the speed limit by 24 miles per hour or more.
13. The accumulation of four or more points in any 12-month period while under 18 years of age.

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Periods of Suspension for Persons Under 21
First Suspension (Not including DUI): - Minimum period of 6 months. - No limited driving permit is available.
Second and subsequent Suspensions (Not including DUI):
- Minimum period of 12 months. - No limited driving permit is available.
First DUI Suspension:
- If your blood Alcohol Concentration was .02 or greater, but less than .08; or your implied consent test results were suppressed; or no test was given, your license will be revoked for a minimum period of 6 months.
- If your Blood Alcohol Concentration was .08 or greater or you refused implied consent testing, your license will be revoked for a minimum period of 12 months.
- No limited driving permit is available.
Second DUI Suspension: Minimum period of 18 months (the final 6 months of which you will be required to have a certified and functioning ignition interlock device installed and maintained in any vehicle you intend to operate).
You will be declared a habitual violator and your license will be revoked for a minimum period of 5 years if you are suspended for a third time within 5 years for any combination of the following convictions: DUI; homicide by vehicle; feticide by vehicle; serious injury by vehicle; hit and run; fleeing or attempting to elude; leaving the scene of an accident; racing; reckless driving; driving with a revoked, canceled, or suspended registration; fraudulent/fictitious use of or application for a Georgia Driver's License; or any felony during the commission of which a motor vehicle is used.

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ACCIDENTS
If You Are Involved In An Accident
1. Stop immediately in a safe place. 2. Notify the nearest law enforcement agency immediately if anyone is injured, killed, or
if property damage exceeds $500.00. 3. Provide reasonable assistance to any person injured. 4. Warn approaching motorists if you can do so without jeopardizing your own safety
or that of others. Activate your hazard lights, if possible, and use reflective triangles, when available. 5. Give your name, address, license plate number, and driver's license number to anyone else who was involved in the accident. Get the same information from the other driver. 6. If you damage an unattended vehicle, you must either locate the owner or leave your name, address, and the name of the owner of the vehicle you were driving, in a conspicuous place where the owner will find it.
Aiding the Injured
Do not assume that a person is not injured simply because that person says he/she is not. Send for professional help as soon as possible. Unskilled handling can do more harm than good. Do not move or lift the victim unless it is absolutely necessary. If the victim is moved, get help and try not to change the position in which the victim was found. Stop serious bleeding with thick cloth pads, as clean as possible, applied with pressure by hand. Keep the victim warm. Cover the victim with blankets or coats, if necessary.
Georgia has a Good Samaritan Law. This law holds any person harmless for civil damages arising as a result of any act or omission in rendering emergency care.

Moving Vehicles Following an Accident

When a traffic accident occurs on a multilane highway or expressway, and if there is no apparent serious injury or death, it is the duty of the drivers of the vehicles involved to move their vehicles from the roadway to a safe location along the shoulder, emergency lane, median, or any other safe refuge. Drivers should only do this if the vehicles are capable of being driven normally and successfully, and driving the vehicles will not present any further hazard or harm to the vehicles themselves, to the driver, to persons nearby, or to the roadway.

If the persons involved in the accident are incapable of moving the vehicles, they are authorized to request any other driver in the vicinity who has a valid license of the appropriate class to move their vehicle, and the other driver is authorized to comply. Drivers who take these important steps will not be considered at fault simply because they moved the vehicles, nor does moving the vehicle affect their ability to file a written report with a local police agency. Moving a vehicle in this situation does not allow for the driver to be accused of failing to stop and provide information.

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SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY LAW
The purpose of this law is to remove irresponsible drivers from Georgia highways and to protect insured motorists from uninsured motorists.
Suspension of License For Failure To Respond To A Claim For Damage Resulting From An Accident.
1. In the event you should fail to satisfy a claim for damage resulting from a motor vehicle accident, and a claim is filed against you under the Safety Responsibility Law, you will receive an order suspending your license for one year. To avoid the suspension, you may:
a. If you were covered by liability insurance, have your carrier file Form SR-21 with the DDS, or
b. File with the DDS a release, either general or conditional, signed by the claimant, or
c. Post security, which may be a cashier's check, certified check, money order, real property bond or surety bond, in addition to posting of financial responsibility, Form SR-22A.
d. Any security or bond posted with the Department will be held for one year and thereafter until proof is furnished to the Department that you have not been sued as a result of the accident.
2. You are entitled to a pre-suspension hearing, if desired, and if requested within ten (10) days of the issue date of the order of suspension.

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Chapter 7
Motorcycles

MOTORCYCLE OPERATOR LICENSE REQUIREMENTS
A Class M license, or a Class M endorsement on another class of license, is required to legally operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle in Georgia. Every motor vehicle having a saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground, but excluding a tractor and moped, is defined as a motorcycle. Georgia law places all types of motorcycles (including scooters, motorbikes and minibikes) into one classification. All are considered motor-driven cycles.
CLASS M LICENSE REQUIREMENTS
1. You must be 16 years of age and have parental consent, if under 18. 2. You must successfully complete a motorcycle examination which includes a spe- cial road signs test, a special road rules test and an actual driving test on a motor- cycle. 3. You must also pass a visual acuity test. If the vision test was administered and passed during the previous year, the vision test may be waived at the time of is- suance. 4. If you meet the established requirements for a Class M license, and also possess a Class C or combination of other classes of permits, that license must be sur- rendered and a photographic license containing the Class M endorsement will be issued. You will not be given a refund for the remaining period of validity of the other license, but all other valid endorsements would run concurrently with the Class M endorsement.
CLASS M INSTRUCTIONAL PERMIT
All applicants must pass a vision test and an examination of motorcycle knowledge. An issued Class M instruction permit is valid for 6 months, after which time the applicant may return to the issuing station and take a road test. It is not mandatory for a Class M license applicant to obtain a Class M Instructional Permit before taking the Class M examination. Restrictions for a Class M instructional permit are the following:
1. You must be at least 16 years old and have parental consent if under 18. 2. Operation is permitted in daylight hours only. 3. No passengers are allowed. 4. No limited access roadway travel is allowed. 5. Safety equipment must be used as required by law.
NOTE: SEE PAGE 103 FOR IMPORTANT CHANGES EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2007 REGARDING LICENSE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE.

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SHARING THE ROAD WITH MOTORCYCLES
Today's motorcycle riders are friends, relatives, and neighbors, but many car drivers still have not adjusted to motorcycles appearing in traffic. Traveling by motorcycle is appealing to some people; they are fuel and space efficient and can be fun to ride. But there is a danger: motorcyclists are more vulnerable to injury than car drivers if involved in an accident. Research shows that over two-thirds of the car/motorcycle accidents are the result of a car driver turning in front of the motorcyclist. Motorcycles and cars need to mix in traffic without causing harm to each other. To do so, it is important to understand more about motorcycle operation.

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Motorcycles present a narrow silhouette and are usually much shorter in length than automobiles. The small profile of the motorcycle may make it appear farther away and traveling slower than it actually is. Because it is difficult to judge the motorcycle's distance and speed, car drivers need to take a second look, and then a third. Its small size also makes it more difficult to spot in traffic than another car. Some motorcyclists take advantage of their small size and maneuverability. They may cut between cars and put themselves in places where drivers cannot see them. Be alert for a motorcycle to appear unexpectedly.
MAKE SURE YOU SEE THE MOTORCYCLE AND KNOW ITS SPEED BEFORE YOU START TO TURN OR ENTER AN INTERSECTION.
Because of a motorcycle's size, its position within a lane of traffic will change as traffic conditions change. The motorcyclist will position himself in the lane to see and be seen. Often, this means riding in the left portion of the traffic lane to allow a better view of some traffic and road situations. It also makes the motorcycle more visible to other traffic. However, as traffic and road conditions change, the rider may move. This move could be to the center of the lane or even to the right side to avoid traffic or to be seen by others on the road.
Most drivers take for granted the ability of their automobile to handle minor road hazards such as potholes or railroad tracks. Minor problems for the four-wheeled vehicle can be major problems for motorcycles. The cyclist will change position within the lane to increase the distance from potential hazards.

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These lateral movements sometimes occur suddenly. Motorists need to be alert for these sudden changes in position and direction, and drive accordingly. Respect the vehicle space of a motorcycle and its position in traffic. Motorcycles are allowed the full width of a lane in which to maneuver. Refrain from sharing a lane with a motorcyclist. It restricts the rider's ability to avoid hazardous situations.
INTERSECTIONS
Intersections are the most likely places for car/motorcycle collisions to occur. As stated earlier, this usually is the result of a car driver NOT SEEING the motorcycle and turning into the motorcycle's path. Misinterpreting a rider's intentions can also lead to traffic conditions. The rider will move to one side of the lane in preparation for a turn or possibly to move away from a hazard unseen by other motorists. Do not assume the rider's intention until the maneuver is unmistakably started, such as a turn into an intersection or driveway. Also, turn signals do not automatically shut off on a motorcycle and riders occasionally forget to cancel them after a turn is completed. Make sure you know what the rider is going to do BEFORE you move into the motorcycle's path.

FOLLOWING TOO CLOSE
When driving behind a motorcycle, allow at least a 2-second following distance. This provides the cyclist enough room to maneuver or stop in an emergency. Due to its vulnerable nature and the difficulty motorists have in judging a motorcycle's speed and distance, space between the two vehicles should be increased to avoid sudden braking. Both riders and drivers are more likely to make incorrect decisions if there is not enough stopping distance or ability to see and react to conditions. This leads to accidents. A rider's chance of injury is greater if forced to avoid obstacles ahead, as well as a driver following too closely.

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PASSING AND BEING PASSED
The rules for passing other vehicles are similar for motorcycles. The motorist being overtaken by a motorcycle should maintain lane position and speed. Allow the motorcyclist to complete the pass and assume proper lane position as quickly as possible. When passing a motorcycle, allow a full lane to the motorcycle. Never crowd into the same lane as the motorcycle. Returning to the original lane too soon can force a rider to swerve to the right into traffic or off the road.
OPERATOR'S LICENSE
Motorcycles are different to operate than automobiles; they require special knowledge and skills. It only makes sense that a motorcycle operator license should be required. Most states now have a separate knowledge and skills test that must be completed for motorcycle operation. Passing both tests qualifies the rider for an additional endorsement to their license allowing motorcycle operation. Also, motorcycles must be registered and insured to the same standards as an automobile.
What all this means is, motorcycles are full partners in the traffic mix and must be treated with the same courtesies. Watch for the unexpected and give them their share of the road; a rider may be the neighbor next door.
There is a separate manual available for Motorcycle drivers. These may be obtained at your local DDS Customer Service Center.

This section is provided through the courtesy of the Motorcycle Safety Foundation. The information generally relates to many differing vehicles, riding styles and environments. The Motorcycle Safety Foundation disclaims any liability for the applicability in specific situations.

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Chapter 8
Bicycling
Georgia's roads are growing more crowded. You, as a driver, or as a pedestrian, need to know and follow the rules of the road. You should also be aware of other traffic and be prepared for emergency situations.
Bicycle riding is an important part of transportation, particularly to work and to school. Because bicyclists may be on any road at any time, drivers must always be alert for bicycle traffic.
Bicycles are considered vehicles in Georgia, as in every other state. Since bicycles are vehicles, bicyclists must obey the same traffic laws as other drivers. They must ride on the right side of the road, and obey all traffic signs and signals, just like other traffic. A list of state laws concerning bicycles is on pages 83-84. Many accidents happen because drivers do not see bicyclists soon enough. In Georgia, as in other states, most accidents occur during daylight hours on straight, dry roads, typically near intersections or driveways.
Bicyclists are legally entitled to use every road in Georgia except the interstate highways. Although their slower pace may pose problems for motorists occasionally, it is important for drivers to respect the bicyclist's right to be there. Yield the right of way to the bicyclist in the same way that you would to another motorist. If possible, make eye contact with the bicyclist, especially at intersections. If you use your horn as a signal, a gentle "toot" can alert the bicyclist without startling him/her.
Bike-car accidents cause the most problems for bicyclists. Many happen at night, especially when the bicyclist doesn't use any lights. State law requires use of a front headlight and rear reflector; many bicyclists use a rear light as well, for additional safety. Use lights if you ride your bicycle at night. Encourage others to do so.
Road defects cause more problems for bicycles than for cars. When passing a bicycle rider, leave the bicyclist plenty of room in case he or she has to swerve to miss a pothole or other danger in the road.
State law also requires that helmets be worn by all bicyclists under the age of 16. Bicycle helmets save lives; most bicyclists' deaths come from head injuries, and up to 85% might be prevented if the bicyclists were wearing helmets.
Please watch for bike riders in these situations:
1. At intersections, wait until the bicyclist is out of the intersection before making a turn.
2. When passing a bicyclist, slow down and make sure the rider is aware of your presence. Leave plenty of room between the bicycle and your vehicle. If there is not enough room to pass because of other traffic, wait until it has gone by, and then pass.

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3. Watch for bicyclists who may suddenly swerve or turn in front of you without warning. Bicyclists sometimes forget to move to the middle of the road to make a left turn until they are at the turn.
4. Night time bicyclists will not always have lights, some may not even have reflectors. Reduce your speed when driving at night, and be alert for them. If you meet an oncoming bicyclist, please dim your lights to avoid blinding the bicyclist.
5. The bicycle is a primary vehicle for children under age 16 to transport themselves. Be certain your child has learned how to ride a bicycle properly and has proper safety equipment.
For more information on bicycling, you may write to State Bicycle Coordinator, Georgia Department of Transportation, #2 Capitol Square, Atlanta, GA 30334.
BICYCLE SAFETY
Every person riding a bicycle upon a roadway must obey the same traffic laws governing the drivers of motor vehicles.
KNOW THESE BICYCLE LAWS:
1. Obey all signs, signals, and pavement markings.
2. Signal all turns and stops, using the standard hand signals.
3. Ride with traffic on the extreme right side of the road. Do not weave in and out of traffic.
4. Ride no more than two side by side. (It's safest to ride single file.)
5. Always use a bicycle path near the roadway, if one is provided (local laws may require it).
6. Never ride on any interstate or controlled access highways.
7. Never hang on to moving vehicles by any method.
8. Never carry a passenger unless an attached seat is available.
9. Keep at least one hand on the handlebars at all times.
10. Every bicycle must have brakes strong enough to skid the rear wheels on dry pavement.
11. Every bicycle in use at night must have a headlight which is visible from at least 300 feet ahead, and a red rear reflector which is visible from 300 feet to the rear.

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12. Bicycles purchased by a retailer after July 1, 1972 cannot be sold unless equipped with reflector-type pedals which are visible during the night time for 200 feet to the front or rear.
13. It is unlawful to alter a bicycle in any way that would cause the pedal in the lower-most position to be more than 12 inches above the ground.
14. The handlebars must not be raised to a height which would cause the bicyclist's hands to be above his/her shoulders in order to steer the bicycle.
15. No person shall transport a child under the age of one year as a passenger on a bicycle on a highway, roadway, bicycle path or sidewalk unless the child is seated in a bicycle trailer and wearing a helmet.
16. No child between the ages of one year and four years shall ride as a passenger on a bicycle unless the child is seated in a child passenger seat, bicycle trailer or infant sling and wearing a helmet.
17. No person under the age of 16 years of age shall operate or be a passenger on a bicycle unless he/she is wearing a bicycle helmet. No bicycle without an accompanying protective bicycle helmet shall be rented or leased to a person under age 16 unless that person has in his/her possession a bicycle helmet.
18. A conviction resulting from a violation of any of the requirements above is a misdemeanor.
19.A parent or guardian who authorizes his/her child or ward to violate any of these requirements, or knowingly permits the child or ward to violate these requirements, if convicted, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SECTION II Chapter 1
Class A NonCommercial
Failure to Qualify
If the applicant for a Class A license fails to pass the vision test, a license will not be issued.
a. If the applicant passes the vision, knowledge and road signs tests, but fails to provide an affidavit (DS36), he/she may be issued a Class A instructional permit for a 12 month period.
b. If at the time of qualifying, an affidavit (DS36) of driving skill is furnished, a Class A license will be issued.
Curves
Curves must always be taken at a reduced speed consistent with the available sight distance, the sharpness of the curve and other prevailing road and traffic conditions. When rounding a curve, the rear of any vehicle follows a substantially shorter path than the front. This is true with any type of vehicle from a coaster-wagon to the largest tractor-semitrailer combination. In trucker's language, this is called,"off-track." The greater the distance between the front and rear wheels and the sharper the turn, the greater the off-track. Thus, the path taken by the rear of the vehicle becomes almost as important as that taken by the front.

On a left curve, tractor must keep close to the outside shoulder.

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On a right curve, tractor must keep close to center of road.
On the open highway, the driver must be trained to keep the front of the vehicle toward the center on a right curve so that the rear will not travel off the pavement. On a left curve, the front of the vehicle must be held toward the outside of the curve so that the rear will not cut short into a lane of opposing traffic.
Turns
Turning a large vehicle requires more care and specialized knowledge than turning a passenger car. Operators of large vehicles have certain factors to bear in mind. You must be especially careful to watch the "off-track" of your back wheels. For a given turn of the steering wheel, the rear wheels follow a shorter path than the front wheels. Allow for this on all turns so that your vehicle does not strike another vehicle or object causing an accident.
Be careful to avoid swinging wide when making a right turn. Otherwise, there is the danger that some other driver will try to pass on your right. It is safest to swing wide into the street you are entering as you make the turn. When the traffic light is green and you are waiting to make a left turn, move your tractor to the center of the intersection before making the turn so that the rear of the vehicle will follow a proper path without cutting too short.
Backing
The control of a single-unit truck while backing is the same as for a passenger car. The steering wheel is turned in the same direction in which it is desired to move the back end of the vehicle. In backing a tractor-trailer, the steering wheel must be turned in a direction opposite to that in which it is desired to move the rear of the trailer. When backing a vehicle, both rearview mirrors should be used.

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A vehicle should be backed slowly because, even with two mirrors, vision is limited. There is always a "blind spot" to the rear which a mirror cannot reflect. When no observer is present, you should leave your "rig" and personally check the path it will take you when you back it up.

The tractor must follow an S-shaped course to bring the trailer around smoothly.

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Loading and Unloading
1. Plan your route to keep backing at a minimum. Never back into traffic if you can avoid it, as many commercial vehicle accidents occur when a vehicle is being backed.
2. Be sure to inspect your line of travel before backing by walking around your vehicle.
3. Even when a helper is directing you, you are responsible for safe backing. Be sure your helper is in a position where he has a clear view and where his signals can be seen and heard by you and other users of the highway.
4. When body doors must be opened prior to backing up to a dock, be sure they are properly fastened in position so that they will not swing or strike an object.
5. When spotting trucks or trailers at a platform, precautions should be taken to guard against rollaways. Always block the trailer wheels when leaving a trailer spotted alone.
Proper Brake Use
1. Brakes should be applied with steady pressure at the beginning of a stop and then eased off as the vehicle slows down. Just before the vehicle comes to a complete stop, brakes should be released to avoid jerk and rebound, and then applied again to hold vehicle while it is stopped.
2. Brakes should not be fanned (alternately applied and released) except on slippery pavement where this type of braking gives a shorter stop. Fanning brakes serves no useful purpose on dry pavement. This practice causes rapid overheating of the brakes and wastes air pressure. It can leave you without effective brakes when you need them most.
3. Great care must be taken to avoid excessive use of brakes on a long downgrade. Drivers should use engine compression as the principle means of controlling speed on long grades and in mountainous terrain. They should use the same gear in descending a long grade as they would in climbing it.
4. If the low-air pressure warning activates at any time, the driver must stop immediately in the safest available place and correct the loss of pressure before proceeding.
5. The trailer hand valve (trolly brake) has a limited purpose. It may be used as a hill-holder or to prevent jack-knifing. It is also used in testing a hookup, but it should not be used for any other purpose.
6. If your brakes should fail on a level road, you should downshift and use engine compression to slow down your vehicle.

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Parking

To insure that a unit will stay in position when parked, the following precautions must be observed to prevent a runaway vehicle.
1. Set parking brakes in power unit. 2. Place transmission in lowest forward gear or reverse. 3. If vehicle is equipped with two-speed axle, the axle must be in low range
when the vehicle is parked. 4. If vehicle is equipped with auxiliary transmission, the transmission must
be in low range when the vehicle is parked. 5. Block the unit. 6. Under no circumstances may a driver use the trailer hand valve to hold a
parked unit.

Coupling and Uncoupling Tractor-Trailers

A. Coupling

1. Back the tractor so that the 5th wheel opening is in a direct line with the trailer kingpin.

2. Back slowly and stop just before the 5th wheel makes contact with the trailer apron plate. Secure tractor.

3. Check to see if 5th wheel coupler is open. Check the height of 5th wheel with the trailer apron. If the trailer is too high or too low, make the proper adjustment by raising or lowering landing supports.

4. Connect air lines and electrical cord socket to trailer. Apply and release trailer brakes several times to determine if air is reaching trailer brakes. Air lines are connected incorrectly if the air is not escaping from the exhaust valve at the rear of the trailer.

5. Re-apply trailer brakes to lock trailer wheels. Back under trailer until 5th wheel coupler engages with the trailer kingpin, locking it automatically.

6. Check the coupling by gently pulling the tractor forward with the trailer brakes locked.

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B.Uncoupling
Line up tractor and trailer in straight line.
Lower landing wheels and block the trailer wheels. Make sure landing wheels are lowered on solid level ground. Place planks or similar material under landing wheels if necessary to prevent them from sinking into soft ground.
Uncouple brake hoses and light cords and make sure they are clear.
Pull coupler release lever to disengage 5th wheel jaws from trailer kingpin.
Pull out from under the trailer slowly to permit landing gear to take up the load gradually.
Lighting and Reflector Requirements For Tractor-Trailers

Note: The clearance and identification lamp requirements apply only to common and contract carriers.

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Chapter 2
Class B NonCommercial
Failure to Qualify
If the applicant for a Class B license fails to pass the vision test, a license will not be issued. a. If the applicant passes vision, knowledge and road signs tests, but fails to provide
an affidavit (DS36), he/she may be issued a Class B instructional permit for a 12-month period. b. If, at the time of qualifying, an affidavit (DS36) of driving skill is furnished, a Class B license will be issued.
Safety Practices for Truck Drivers
1. A cautious driver approaches intersections with his/her foot resting on the brake pedal, ready to stop if necessary.
2. If intending to turn right, you must signal your intention for an adequate distance to alert all following or approaching motorists.
3. If intending to turn left onto a one-way street, the driver pulls into the left lane as soon as practical. The driver must signal for an adequate distance to alert all motorists before making the turn.
4. On a two-way street, the driver places the truck so that the left wheels are to the right of the center of the road and must signal for an adequate distance to alert other motorists of the intention to turn.
5. If pulling into a loading zone, a truck driver approaches the curb at a speed which will allow a slow smooth stop. The driver angles the truck toward a corner after the rear door of the truck is beyond parked vehicles along the curb and applies brakes smoothly and steadily, instead of "fanning".
6. Before starting, the driver makes certain the doors are closed. If at an intersection, the driver makes sure of a "go" signal, and that no pedestrians or vehicles are in the way. The driver does not attempt to pass a moving vehicle in or at an intersection. The driver also makes a smooth start and picks up speed gradually.
7. If the vehicle is moving straight ahead, the driver moves slowly and parallel with the curb until the vehicle is in the center of the intersection, constantly checking the vehicular and pedestrian traffic situation both ahead and to the rear.
8. If making a right turn, he checks to the rear, alongside, and straight ahead, and angles the truck at about a 30-degree angle toward the center of the street until the front end of the truck is about 10 feet from the curb. He begins the turning movement when the front wheels are past the curbline or objects which must be cleared. He turns the steering wheel evenly and checks with vehicles or other objects on the left. He gradually straightens out the truck. In turning and receiving the steering wheel he may use the "hand-over-hand" or the "push-pull" technique. Most experts recommend the latter.

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9. When turning and changing lanes, be especially careful to check and make sure no motorists are traveling in blind spots.
10. In a backing truck, the driver should use all mirrors and a reliable person to observe for other traffic and pedestrians.

The above diagram illustrates the proper maneuver for backing into a designated space which is required when making certain types of deliveries.

The above diagram illustrates the proper procedure for maneuvering a vehicle into an alley on a narrow street and a stop so that the rear of the vehicle is in a
squared position against a platform.

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The above diagram illustrates the proper procedure for maneuvering a vehicle in a straight line forward and backward in a limited area and how to properly judge
side, front and rear clearance.

Chapter 3
Supplemental Information
Special Equipment Requirements for Common or Contract Carriers
1. Flares, Fuses, or Reflectors: It is unlawful to operate a truck, bus or truck tractor licensed and registered with the Interstate Commerce Commission unless the vehicle is carrying at least three flares, three red electric lanterns, or three portable red emergency reflectors. In daylight hours two red flags must be carried and used in place of flares, lights, or reflectors; however, it is recommended that three flares always be carried. Motor vehicles transporting explosives, flammable liquids, flammable gases, or any motor vehicle using compressed gas as fuel must not use flares, fuses, or any signals produced by flame.
The first thing the driver of a disabled vehicle must do is flash the front and rear signals simultaneously as a hazardous warning and allow them to flash until flares, lanterns, or reflectors have been stationed. (See diagrams)

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2. Fire Extinguisher: All school buses and trucks must carry a chemical type fire extinguisher of at least one-quart capacity. Tractor-trailers or vehicles hauling explosives must carry not less than one fire extinguisher of at least one-quart capacity.
3. Turn Signal Indicators: All motor vehicles, trailers, semi-trailers, or pole trailers (except motorcycles, mopeds and certain trailers) must be equipped with electrical turn signals when the body or load of the vehicle or combination of vehicles extends more than 24 inches from the center of the steering wheel, or the rear limit of the body or load exceeds more than 14 feet from the center of the top of the steering wheel.
4. Mud Flaps: All buses, trucks, full trailers, semi-trailers, and pole trailers must be equipped with safety guards or mud flaps behind the rear wheels which are at least as wide as the tires. These flaps must have a ground clearance of not more than one half of the distance from the center of the rear most axle to the center of the flaps and are for the purpose of preventing the slinging of mud, slush, and gravel.
5. Lamp or Flag on Projecting Load: Whenever the load upon any vehicle extends to the rear 4 feet or more beyond the bed or body of such vehicle, there must be displayed at the extreme rear end of the load, at any time lights are required, a red light or lantern plainly visible from a distance of at least 500 feet to the sides and rear. The red light or lantern will be in addition to a red flag or cloth not less than 12 inches square and must be displayed at the extreme rear end of any such load in a manner that makes the entire area visible to the driver of the vehicle approaching from the rear.

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6. Rear Vision Mirrors: Every bus, truck and truck-trailer must be equipped with two rear vision mirrors, one at each side firmly attached to the outside of the vehicle and located as to reflect to the driver a view of the highway to the rear along both sides of the vehicle. Only one outside mirror is required, at the driver's side, on trucks which are so constructed that the driver has a view to the rear with an interior mirror.
7. Brake Warning Device: Buses, trucks, and truck-trailers must be equipped with a signal that provides a warning to the driver when a failure occurs in the vehicle's service brake system.
8. Unlawful Tires: It is unlawful to operate on a highway any vehicle with wheels having cleats, lugs, flanges, spikes or other extensions on the rim which would damage the road. This does not prevent the use of tire chains in snow or ice.
Size Limitations
1. Height: No vehicle, including the load it is hauling, may be more than 13 feet and 6 inches in height from the ground to the top of the load. The driver is responsible for determining that his load will safely pass under any bridge or overpass on his route.
2. Width: A vehicle, including the load it is hauling, may not be more than 8 feet wide without a permit.
3. Length: The maximum length allowed for a single motor vehicle or combination of vehicles is 55 feet. (Exceptions: Pole trailers and other trailers of a similar type may not exceed 75 feet in length and automobile carriers may not exceed 60 feet in length).
4. Weight Limits: The maximum weight allowed for any vehicle or combination of vehicles including the load is 80,000 pounds.

5. Unloading: If the gross weight of your vehicle is found to exceed the maximum gross weight allowed by law plus a tolerance of 13%, you may be required to unload down to the limit provided by law plus the tolerance, or if the axle weight is found to exceed the maximum allowed, the driver may be required to rearrange the cargo or unload the vehicle to the limits provided.

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6. Special Permits: Anyone wishing to operate a vehicle whose length, width, height, or weight is in excess of the limitations, must obtain a special permit from the Georgia Department of Transportation prior to operating the vehicle upon the streets and highways of Georgia.
Operating Rules
1. Coasting: The driver of a truck, tractor-trailer, or bus, when traveling upon a downgrade, must not coast with the clutch disengaged.
2. Following: When one truck is following another truck or vehicle it must keep far enough back to allow another vehicle to overtake and enter the space between them safely. (This does not prevent a truck from overtaking and passing another vehicle.)
3. Improper Signaling: Under no circumstances, even when traveling on a level highway, should a driver use turn signals to indicate that it is safe to pass. Such use only tends to confuse other drivers since the basic meaning of a signal is to indicate a turn into an intersection or road, or that the driver is pulling into another lane or passing a slow-moving vehicle.
4. Railroad Grade Crossing:
a. Any school bus carrying a school child and all other buses carrying passengers for hire must stop at all railroad grade crossings unless a traffic signal or police officer directs traffic to proceed.
b. All carriers of super-heavy equipment, such as caterpiller tractors, steam shovels, derricks, rollers, etc., must notify the proper railroad authorities prior to making a crossing so that the necessary precautions may be taken.
c. Any vehicle carrying explosives or flammable liquids must stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail of the railroad. The shifting of gears on railroad crossings must be avoided because of the danger of stalling on the tracks.
Safety Practices
1. Clearances: Drivers of larger vehicles must know their vehicle's weight and width and watch for clearance signs on bridges and underpasses. They should plan their proposed routes beforehand to take into consideration such potential hazards as steep and winding hills, low clearance of overhead structures and low weight limits on bridges. They can avoid dangerous situations by changing their route. They must remember that road repairs, rough roads, ice, floods, or empty equipment may cause difficulty where clearance normally is adequate. If no alternate route is possible, the safe driver makes certain he follows instructions contained in danger signs posted where perilous conditions exist.

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2. Improper Passing: Some truck and bus drivers have the bad habit of switching on their signals and immediately pulling into traffic when the vehicles following are too close for safety. Another bad habit is the practice of pulling out to pass another large vehicle on a multiple-lane highway when the difference in speed is so small that the maneuver obstructs following traffic for an unreasonable period of time.
3. Speed: A truck or bus always seems to be going faster than it really is because of its size and louder noise. Therefore, a good driver always keeps the speed of the vehicle under control.
4. Going Up Hills: Obstructing traffic while going up hills is a common complaint against truckers. Reduced speed on hills is often unavoidable, but a good driver can reduce the delay to faster traffic by keeping to the right (using 4-way flashers if going really slow) and allowing the faster traffic to pass.

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The Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999 (MCSIA)
FOR TRUCK AND BUS DRIVERS
This law affects anyone who drives a single or combination vehicle that:
weighs 26,001 pounds or more (gross vehicle weight rating); is designed to carry 16 or more passengers (including the driver) in any weight
class; or transports hazardous materials (requiring a placard, as defined by DOT regulations)
in any weight class.
MCSIA requires all states to impose strict restrictions regarding the licensing and regulation of commercial vehicle drivers. You may not drive a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) and will not be issued a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) if you are disqualified for any of the reasons listed below.
Commercial Vehicle Driver Disqualifications
Alcohol and Controlled Substances
You will be disqualified from driving a CMV for at least one year for a first offense for:
1. Driving a CMV if your BAC is .04 gm. or higher. 2. DUI in a CMV or noncommercial vehicle. 3. Refusal to undergo blood alcohol testing while driving a CMV or noncommercial vehicle.
If one of the offenses above occurs while you are operating a CMV that is placarded for hazardous materials, you will be disqualified from driving a CMV for at least three years.
You will be disqualified from driving a CMV for life for a second occurrence from the list above.
You will also be disqualified from driving a CMV for life if you use a CMV to commit a felony involving the manufacturing, distribution, trafficking or possession of a controlled substance.
You will be put out-of service for 24 hours if you have any detectable amount of blood alcohol content under .04%.
Violations of Out-of-Service Orders
Periods of disqualification for violations of out-of-service orders vary depending on the number of occurrences. You will be disqualified from driving a CMV for at least:
90 days - first violation of an out-of-service order 1 year - 2nd violation of an out-of-service order in a 10-year period 3 years - 3rd or subsequent violation of an out-of-service order in a 10-year period

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Serious Traffic Violations
The following violations are defined as "serious traffic violations": Speeding 15 or more mph above the posted speed limit Reckless driving Improper or erratic lane changes (except failure to signal lane change) Following another vehicle too closely Any railroad grade crossing violation Traffic offenses committed in a CMV in connection with fatal traffic accidents Driving a CMV without obtaining a CDL license Driving a CMV without a valid CDL in immediate possession Driving a CMV without a CDL of the proper class and/or endorsements
You will be disqualified fromi driving a CMV for at least 60 days for convictions of any combination of two serious traffic violations (with the exception of a railroad grade crossing in a CMV) within a three-year period in a CMV or noncommercial vehicle.
You will be disqualified from driving a CMV for at least 120 days for convictions of any combination of third and subsequent serious traffic violations (with the exception of a railroad grade crossing in a CMV) within a three-year period in a CMV or noncommercial vehicle.
Railroad Grade Crossing Violations in a CMV
If a railroad grade crossing violation is committed in a CMV, you will be disqualified from driving a CMV for at least 60 days for a first violation within a three-year period, at least 120 days for a second violation within a three-year period, or at least one year for a third violation within a three-year period.
Other Offenses
You will be disqualified from driving a CMVfor at least one year for the following offenses specified in O.C.G.A. 40-5-54: Homicide, feticide, or serious injury by vehicle (CMV or noncommercial vehicle). Any felony in the commission of which a motor vehicle is used (CMV or noncom mercial vehicle). Hit and run or leaving the scene of an accident (CMV or noncommercial vehicle). Racing on highways or streets (CMV or noncommercial vehicle). Using a motor vehicle in fleeing or attempting to elude an officer (CMV or noncom mercial vehicle). Fraudulent or fictitious use of or application for a driver's license. Operating a motor vehicle with a revoked, canceled, or suspended registration (CMV or noncommercial vehicle).
If one of the offenses above occurs while you are operating a CMV that is placarded for hazardous materials, you will be disqualified from driving a CMV for at least three years.
You will be disqualified from driving a CMV for life for a second occurrence from the list above.

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VISIT THE DDS WEB SITE FOR MORE INFORMATION ON:
LOCATIONS HOURS OF OPERATION
APPOINTMENTS INTERNET RENEWALS RENEWALS BY MAIL
MANUALS FORMS
www.dds.ga.gov

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LICENSE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE
EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2007
Are you familiar with Joshua's Law? It is a law that changes the requirements that teen drivers must meet in order to obtain a Class D driver's license starting on January 1, 2007.
To get a Class D driver's license at age 16: You must have completed a driver education course approved by the DDS,
AND You must also have completed a cumulative total of at least forty (40) hours of other driving experience, including six (6) hours at night.
As of January 1, 2007, if you have not completed an approved driver's education course, you cannot get your Class D license until you reach age 17. For information on approved driver's education courses, please visit the DDS website, www. dds.ga.gov.
Under this new law, a parent or guardian who signed for a minor to get a Class D license can petition the DDS to have the license revoked.

Class D License Conditions will also change effective January 1, 2007. These conditions are listed below: A Class D License Holder may not drive between the hours of 12:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. - NO EXCEPTIONS.

During the first six (6) months following issuance, only immediate family members may ride in the vehicle.

During the second six (6) months following issuance, only one unrelated passenger under 21 years of age may ride in the vehicle.

After the first and second six-month periods, only three (3) unrelated passengers under 21 years of age may ride in the vehicle.

To upgrade from a Class D License to a Class C License, a Class D License Holder must be free from any convictions for major traffic violations that result in the mandatory suspension of a driver's license for twelve (12) months preceding application. A 17-year-old driver who moves to Georgia from another state and who holds an equivalent to a Georgia Class C License can apply for a Georgia Class C License.

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STEERING LOCKS
Steering locks are anti-theft devices found in most cars manufactured since 1969. Steering locks can cause dangerous situations for drivers who are not familiar with their operation.
If a vehicle's ignition is placed in the lock position while the vehicle is in motion, the steering capability of the vehicle will be disabled, and the driver will be unable to steer the vehicle.
A condition known as "sudden lockup" can also occur while driving any vehicle that has a steering lock. The spring-loaded design of the steering lock can malfunction, or wear out, causing the steering to lock suddenly. This danger is compounded in automobiles that use tumbler-activated-spring-loaded steering locks. The constant insertion and removal of the ignition key causes metal fatigue and wear and tear of both the key and tumblers, which will inevitably lead to malfunctions and eventual sudden lock ups. In both of these types of situations, an automobile accident can result from the inability to control the vehicle.
Understanding the operation of steering locks is fundemental to safe driving and enables drivers to remove keys on borrowed or rented vehicles. Most vehicles made since 1969 have one of six types of steering locks. Consult your vehicle operator's manual to determine the type of lock your vehicle has.