Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 1
Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1
1.3
1.7 1.3
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
3
1.7
Physician Need
3
Status Adequate 0
3
Adequate 0
3
Adequate 0
1
Surplus: 2
3
Adequate 0
2
Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 1
2
Surplus: 1
3
Adequate 0
2
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 3 3 3 1 3 2 2
2
3 2
Physician Specialty Anesthesiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0
7.0
7.6
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
19
10.6
Physician Need
25
Status Deficit: -6
17
Surplus: 2
16
Surplus: 3
16
Surplus: 3
11
Surplus: 8
7
Surplus: 12
16
Surplus: 3
13
Surplus: 6
14
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 25 17 16 16 11 7 16
13
14
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 2
Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9
3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
12
6.7
Physician Need
13
Status Deficit: -1
10
Surplus: 2
9
Surplus: 3
6
Surplus: 6
5
Surplus: 7
3
Surplus: 9
5
Surplus: 7
6
Surplus: 6
5
Surplus: 7
8
Surplus: 4
6
Surplus: 6
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 13 10 9 6 5 3 5
6 5 8 6
Physician Specialty Dermatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
14
7.8
Physician Need
7
Status Surplus: 7
5
Surplus: 9
5
Surplus: 9
5
Surplus: 9
4
Surplus: 10
4
Surplus: 10
5
Surplus: 9
3
Surplus: 11
3
Surplus: 11
4
Surplus: 10
6
Surplus: 8
4
Surplus: 10
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 7 5 5 5 4 4 5 3 3 4 6 4
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 3
Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3
2.7
12.4 6.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
34
19.0
Physician Need
19
Status Surplus: 15
10
Surplus: 24
9
Surplus: 25
10
Surplus: 24
12
Surplus: 22
10
Surplus: 24
5
Surplus: 29
22
Surplus: 12
11
Surplus: 23
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 19 10 9 10 12 10
5
22 11
Physician Specialty
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
National Physician Standards*
AMA
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.8
Two Mature HMO
1.1
Adjusted FTE
1.0
GMENAC
0.8
Kaiser Portland
0.9
7 Kaiser Plans
1.1
GHC Seattle
Three HMOs
0.6
Goodman
Hicks & Glenn
Solucient
Average Requirement
0.9
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
1
0.6
Physician Need
3
Status Deficit: -2
2
Deficit: -1
2
Deficit: -1
1
Adequate 0
2
Deficit: -1
2
Deficit: -1
1
Adequate 0
2
Deficit: -1
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 3 2 2 1 2 2
1
2
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 4
Physician Specialty Family Practice
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0
9.2
16.2 22.5 23.6
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
49
27.3
Physician Need
56
Status Deficit: -7
82
Deficit: -33
76
Deficit: -27
45
Surplus: 4
30
Surplus: 19
20
Surplus: 29
16
Surplus: 33
29
Surplus: 20
40
Surplus: 9
42
Surplus: 7
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 57 82 77 45 30 20
17
29 41 42
Physician Specialty Gastroenterology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
4.2 3.1
3.2 1.7 1.7
1.3
3.5 2.4
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
6
3.3
Physician Need
8
Status Deficit: -2
6
Adequate 0
6
Adequate 0
3
Surplus: 3
3
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 4
6
Adequate 0
4
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 8 6
6 3 3
2
6 4
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 5
Physician Specialty Internal Medicine
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3
16.7
11.3 19.0 22.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
58
32.3
Physician Need
95
Status Deficit: -37
38
Surplus: 20
36
Surplus: 22
52
Surplus: 6
50
Surplus: 8
54
Surplus: 4
30
Surplus: 28
20
Surplus: 38
34
Surplus: 24
39
Surplus: 19
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 96 39 36 52 51 55
30
20 34 40
Physician Specialty Nephrology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9
0.7 1.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
9
5.0
Physician Need
5
Status Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 6
2
Surplus: 7
2
Surplus: 7
1
Surplus: 8
1
Surplus: 8
2
Surplus: 7
1
Surplus: 8
2
Surplus: 7
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 5 3 2 2 1 1 2
1 2
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 6
Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4
0.4
0.7
1.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
7
3.9
Physician Need
3
Status Surplus: 4
2
Surplus: 5
2
Surplus: 5
2
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 4
1
Surplus: 6
1
Surplus: 6
2
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 3 2 2 2 3
1
1
2
Physician Specialty Neurology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2
2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
9
5.0
Physician Need
9
Status Adequate 0
4
Surplus: 5
4
Surplus: 5
6
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 7
3
Surplus: 6
2
Surplus: 7
4
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 6
3
Surplus: 6
3
Surplus: 6
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 9 4 4 6 2 3 2
4 3 3 3
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 7
Physician Specialty OB/GYN
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
27
15.1
Physician Need
25
Status Surplus: 2
22
Surplus: 5
20
Surplus: 7
18
Surplus: 9
21
Surplus: 6
21
Surplus: 6
18
Surplus: 9
16
Surplus: 11
15
Surplus: 12
14
Surplus: 13
18
Surplus: 9
18
Surplus: 9
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 25 22 20 18 21 21 18 16 15 14 18 18
Physician Specialty Opthalmology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0
3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
9
5.0
Physician Need
11
Status Deficit: -2
11
Deficit: -2
10
Deficit: -1
8
Surplus: 1
4
Surplus: 5
6
Surplus: 3
9
Adequate 0
6
Surplus: 3
6
Surplus: 3
8
Surplus: 1
8
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 11 11 10 8 4 6 9
6 6 8 8
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 8
Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
12
6.7
Physician Need
15
Status Deficit: -3
12
Adequate 0
11
Surplus: 1
11
Surplus: 1
11
Surplus: 1
8
Surplus: 4
12
Adequate 0
5
Surplus: 7
11
Surplus: 1
8
Surplus: 4
11
Surplus: 1
10
Surplus: 2
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 15 12 12 11 11 8 12 5 11 8 11 10
Physician Specialty Otolaryngology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.4 3.2
3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0
3.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
6
3.3
Physician Need
6
Status Adequate 0
6
Adequate 0
6
Adequate 0
6
Adequate 0
4
Surplus: 2
5
Surplus: 1
5
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 6 6
6 6 4 5
5
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 9
Physician Specialty Pathology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8
4.1
3.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
7
3.9
Physician Need
11
Status Deficit: -4
3
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 4
11
Deficit: -4
6
Surplus: 1
3
Surplus: 4
7
Adequate 0
6
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 11 3 3 12 6 3
7
6
Physician Specialty Pediatrics
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0
9.8
7.6 13.9 13.0
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
29
16.2
Physician Need
45
Status Deficit: -16
30
Deficit: -1
28
Surplus: 1
22
Surplus: 7
21
Surplus: 8
29
Adequate 0
18
Surplus: 11
14
Surplus: 15
25
Surplus: 4
23
Surplus: 6
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 45 30 28 22 21 29
18
14 25 23
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 10
Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
2.4
1.1 0.3
0.4
1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
7
3.9
Physician Need
4
Status Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 5
1
Surplus: 6
1
Surplus: 6
2
Surplus: 5
4
Surplus: 3
4
Surplus: 3
2
Surplus: 5
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 4
2 1
1
2 4 4 2
Physician Specialty Psychiatry
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1
7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
25
13.9
Physician Need
24
Status Surplus: 1
14
Surplus: 11
13
Surplus: 12
28
Deficit: -3
9
Surplus: 16
7
Surplus: 18
13
Surplus: 12
7
Surplus: 18
10
Surplus: 15
13
Surplus: 12
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 24 14 13 28 9 7
13 7 10 13
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 11
Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4
1.4
1.3 1.5
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
7
3.9
Physician Need
6
Status Surplus: 1
4
Surplus: 3
3
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 4
2
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 4
3
Surplus: 4
2
Surplus: 5
3
Surplus: 4
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 6 4 3 3 3 2 3
3
2 3
Physician Specialty Radiology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7
8.0
9.1
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
17
9.5
Physician Need
20
Status Deficit: -3
24
Deficit: -7
25
Deficit: -8
14
Surplus: 3
15
Surplus: 2
8
Surplus: 9
14
Surplus: 3
14
Surplus: 3
16
Surplus: 1
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 21 24 25 14 15 8 14
14
16
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 12
Physician Specialty Rheumatology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7
0.4
1.3 0.8
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
1
0.6
Physician Need
3
Status Deficit: -2
2
Deficit: -1
2
Deficit: -1
1
Adequate 0
1
Adequate 0
1
Adequate 0
1
Adequate 0
1
Adequate 0
2
Deficit: -1
1
Adequate 0
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 3 2 2 1 1 1 1
1
2 1
Physician Specialty General Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
13
7.2
Physician Need
22
Status Deficit: -9
17
Deficit: -4
16
Deficit: -3
17
Deficit: -4
13
Adequate 0
11
Surplus: 2
11
Surplus: 2
8
Surplus: 5
17
Deficit: -4
7
Surplus: 6
11
Surplus: 2
13
Adequate 0
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 22 17 16 17 13 11 11 8 17 7 11 13
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 13
Physician Specialty Thoracic Surgery
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
1.5
0.8 0.1
0.5
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
1
0.6
Physician Need
3
Status Deficit: -2
1
Adequate 0
0
Surplus: 1
1
Adequate 0
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 3
1 0
1
Physician Specialty Urology
National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement
Standard Phys/100,000 Pop.
3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9
2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9
2008 Actual
Population
Physician /100k
179,338
12
6.7
Physician Need
6
Status Surplus: 6
6
Surplus: 6
6
Surplus: 6
6
Surplus: 6
6
Surplus: 6
4
Surplus: 8
5
Surplus: 7
5
Surplus: 7
3
Surplus: 9
5
Surplus: 7
5
Surplus: 7
2015 Projected
Population 179,986
Physician Need 6 6 6 6 6 4 5
5 3 5 5
Georgia Physician Workforce: MSA Reports - 2008
Athens MSA Physician Standard Report
Included Counties: Clarke, Madison, Oconee, Oglethorpe
Page 14
Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia
*Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16,
no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the
Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed
Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies,
School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of
Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.