Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) Surveillaince report

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
2004-2006 | Surveillance Report
This report was prepared by Carol A. Hoban, M.P.H., Ph.D., Dave Goodman, M.S., Ph.D., Manxia Wu, M.D., M.P.H.
Georgia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Georgia Depatment of Community Health Division of Public Health Epidemiology Branch
Two Peachtree, NW 14-486 | Atlanta, Georgia 30303 404.657.6462 | 1.800.743.7265

Acknowledgements
Georgia Department of Community Health Rhonda Medows, M.D., Commissioner and State Health Officer
Deputy Director of Public Health Programs & Services Miriam Bell, M.P.H.
Epidemiology Branch Director Susan Lance, Ph.D., D.V.M.
Office of Health Indicators for Planning/Maternal & Child Epidemiology Gordon Freymann, M.P.H.
For more information on PRAMS surveillance in Georgia, please contact: PRAMS Project Director OHIP/MCH Division of Public Health Georgia Department of Community Health 2 Peachtree St, NW 14th Floor Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3142 (404) 657-2602 http://health.state.ga.us/epi/prams/index.asp
Graphic Design: Jimmy Clanton, Jr.
The Georgia PRAMS project staff would like to thank all of the mothers who took the time to participate in our survey. Without their valuable input, this information would not be possible. The information contained in this report will better our understanding of the health of women and babies in Georgia. Georgia PRAMS would like to thank the PRAMS team at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for their technical support, review and comments. This publication was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number UR6 DP000508-02 from the CDC.
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Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 6 Project Description ......................................................................................................... 6
Using this Report ........................................................................................................................ 9 Between 2004 and 2006, a typical woman experiencing a live birth in Georgia had the following characteristics .................................................................................. 9 Table 1: Characteristics of PRAMS Respondents...................................................... 10
Pre/Interconception Period ...................................................................................................... 11 Table 2: Previous Live Birth by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006...................... 12 Table 3: Previous Low Birth Weight Infant among Women with a Prior Delivery by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ...................................................................... 14 Table 4: Previous Preterm Infant among Women with a Prior Delivery by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ........................................................................... 16 Table 5: Health Insurance Coverage Before Pregnancy by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ........................................................................................... 18 Table 6: Multivitamin Use 4 or More Times per Week During the Month Prior to Pregnancy, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006.................................................. 20 Table 7: Alcohol Use During the Three Months Prior to Pregnancy by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ........................................................................................... 22 Table 8: Smoking During the Three Months Prior to Pregnancy by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ........................................................................................... 24 Table 9: Underweight Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI < 19.8) by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ........................................................................................... 26 Table 10: Overweight/Obese Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI > 26.0) by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ........................................................................... 28
Prenatal Period.......................................................................................................................... 29 Table 11: Unintended Pregnancies by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 .......... 30 Table 12: Received Prenatal Care As Early As Wanted by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ....................................................................................................................... 32
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Table 13: Started Prenatal Care During First Trimester by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ....................................................................................................................... 34 Table 14: Content of Prenatal Care Counseling, 2004-2006...................................... 35 Table 15: Source of Prenatal Care, 2004-2006............................................................ 35 Table 16: Prenatal Care Payment, 2004-2006 ............................................................. 35 Table 17: Barriers to Prenatal Care, 2004-2006 .......................................................... 36 Table 18: Prenatal WIC Participation by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006........ 38 Table 19: Smoking During the Last 3 Months of Pregnancy by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ........................................................................................... 40 Table 20: HIV Testing During Pregnancy by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ....................................................................................................................... 42 Table 21: Physical Abuse During Pregnancy by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ....................................................................................................................... 44 Table 22: Flu Vaccination During Pregnancy by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ....................................................................................................................... 46 Table 23: Barriers to Receiving Flu Vaccination During Pregnancy, 2004-2006..... 47 Table 24: Group B Strep Testing by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 .............. 49 Table 25: Maternal Problems During Pregnancy, 2004-2006 .................................... 50 Delivery and Postpartum Period ............................................................................................. 51 Table 26: Infant in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ....................................................................................................................... 52 Table 27: Women Who Delivered a Low Birthweight Infant by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ........................................................................................... 54 Table 28: Ever Breastfed by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ........................... 56 Table 29: Bed-sharing by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006................................ 58 Table 30: Infant Sleep Position, 2004-2006 ................................................................. 59 Table 31: Newborn Hearing Screening by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 .... 60 Table 32: Well-baby Checkups by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ................. 62 Table 33: Postpartum Checkup by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ................ 64
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Table 34: Self-reported Postpartum Depressive Symptoms by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006 ....................................................................................................................... 66 Table 35: Delivery Care Pay Source, 2004-2006......................................................... 67 Table 36: 2004-2006 Insurance Summary ................................................................... 67 Appendix A: Technical Notes .................................................................................................. 68
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Introduction
This report presents information collected by Georgia's Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from women who delivered a live-born infant during 2004, 2005 and 2006. Georgia PRAMS is a statewide, ongoing, population-based survey that adds to birth certificate data by collecting information on women's attitudes, experiences, and behaviors before, during, and after they deliver a live-born infant.
PRAMS is conducted by the Office of Health Indicators for Planning and Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology Section through a cooperative agreement between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Georgia Division of Public Health (GDPH), with additional support from the Maternal and Child Health Branch within the Division of Public Health. PRAMS data collection began in 1988 in selected states, with Georgia beginning data collection in 1991.
Project Description
Women who are eligible to participate in the PRAMS Survey are selected from Georgia's birth certificates. Each month, a random sample of approximately 200 women is chosen to participate. Women are contacted by mail or telephone within 2-6 months after delivery. Mothers are sent a PRAMS questionnaire that consists of about 90 questions, along with an introductory letter, a question and answer brochure about PRAMS, a calendar, a consent letter, and a resource brochure that includes telephone numbers for various Georgia programs. The PRAMS questionnaire consists of two parts. First, there are core questions that are asked by all states and include questions about the following:
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Attitudes and feelings about the most recent pregnancy Content and source of prenatal care Maternal alcohol and tobacco consumption Physical abuse before and during pregnancy Pregnancy-related morbidity Infant health care Contraceptive use Mother's knowledge of pregnancy-related health issues, such as adverse effects of tobacco and alcohol, benefits of folic acid, and risks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The remaining questions on the survey are chosen from a pre-tested list of standard questions developed by CDC or are developed by states on their own. Georgia PRAMS includes expanded questions on prenatal care visits, breastfeeding, Group B Streptococcus (Group B Strep), HIV, folic acid use, influenza vaccination during pregnancy, post-partum depression, infant sleeping position and newborn hearing screening tests.
In Georgia, PRAMS over-samples on low birth weight (<2,500 grams) and race (black) to achieve a higher representation of these strata in the annual sample. Thus, Georgia PRAMS has four different groups that are examined annually (black, low birth weight [BLBW]; non-black low birth weight [NBLBW]; black normal birth weight [BNBW]; and non-black normal birth weight [NBNBW]). After data is collected for a full year, it is weighted by the CDC to represent Georgia's birth population for that year and adjusted for sampling probabilities, non-response, and non-coverage. The overall weighted response rate for PRAMS must be 70% or higher and each stratum must also achieve greater than or equal to 70% response rate to meet suggested CDC guidelines for minimal bias.
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The 2004 Georgia PRAMS data reached an overall response rate of 70%, with two of the four strata being above 70% (NBNBW=72% and NBLBW=72%). The remaining two strata were below 70% (BLBW=65% and BNBW=65%). The 2005 Georgia PRAMS data had an overall response rate of 70%, with one of the four strata being above 70% (NBNBW=73%). The 2006 Georgia PRAMS data had an overall response rate of 71%, with two of the four strata being above 70% (NBNBW=74% and NBLBW=74%). The data in this report was therefore analyzed at a statewide level, and any stratum specific analyses were limited to the strata with a response rate at or above 70%. The PRAMS survey used from 2004-2006 in Georgia can be found at:
http://health.state.ga.us/epi/prams/questionnaire.asp.
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Using this Report
Time Periods: Measures in this report are grouped into 3 time periods The first time period, Pre/Interconception, includes measures most relevant to the time prior to a woman's first pregnancy or between pregnancies The second time period, Prenatal, includes measures related to the time during pregnancy The third time period, Intra/Postpartum, includes measures related to the time during and following the birth of the baby
Descriptions: Highest indicates those subgroups (for example, Black, White, Other) within a characteristic (for example, Race) that are significantly higher (p<.05) than the other subgroups Appearance of a Decreasing/Increasing Trend indicates those subgroups where a relative change of 5% or greater was observed from 2004 to 2005, and then again from 2005 to 2006. When the prevalence was higher than 50%, then relative change was calculated using the formula:
((100 Prevalence Time2)-(100-Prevalence Time1))/100-Prevalence Time1) = Relative Change.
Adequacy of prenatal care indicates the level of prenatal care received as defined by the Kotelchuk index. This is a ratio of observed to expected prenatal care visits calculated and grouped into four categories (Inadequate, Intermediate, Adequate and Adequate Plus). Inadequate indicates fewer than 50% of expected prenatal care visits were received, Intermediate indicates that between 50-79.9% of expected prenatal visits were received, Adequate indicates that 80-109.9% of expected prenatal care visits were received, and Adequate Plus indicates that 110% or more of expected prenatal care visits were received. In this report, Adequate and Adequate Plus were combined into a single category as Adequate
Between 2004 and 2006, a woman experiencing a live birth in Georgia most frequently had the following characteristics:
White (64.4%) 20-29 years old (53.6%) Highest level of education was completion of high school (34.3%) Non-Hispanic (85.9%) Household income was less than $15,000 (35.4%) or greater than $49,999 (30.2%)
during the year prior to their most recent delivery. Married (58.5%) Delivery was paid for by Medicaid (56.4%)
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Table 1: Characteristics of Women Delivering a Live Birth in Georgia, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics

2004

2005

2006

Births (number)^

138,561

140,903

148,403

Respondents (number)

1,601

Weighted

1,799

2,060

95% CI Weighted 95% CI Weighted

% (SE)*

% (SE)*

% (SE)*

Race

Black

31.5 (1.2) 29.2-33.8 32.3 (1.1) 30.2-34.5 33.2 (1.1)

White

66.0 (1.3) 63.5-68.5 64.4 (1.2) 62.1-66.8 63.1 (1.2)

Other

2.5 (0.6)

1.4-3.7 3.2 (0.6) 2.1-4.4 3.7 (0.7)

Age

0-19

10.5 (1.1) 8.42-12.6 11.2 (1.0) 9.2-13.3 12.7 (1.1)

20-29

53.2 (1.8) 49.8-56.7 54.4 (1.6) 51.2-57.7 53.1 (1.6)

30-39

33.7 (1.7) 30.4-37.0 32.7 (1.6) 29.7-35.7 31.8 (1.5)

40+

2.6 (0.6)

1.4-3.7 1.6 (0.4) 0.9-2.4 2.4 (0.5)

Education

Less than high school

23.6 (1.6) 20.4-26.7 24.7 (1.5) 21.7-27.7 23.6 (1.5)

High school

29.2 (1.6) 26.1-32.4 30.2 (1.5) 27.3-33.2 34.3 (1.5)

Some college

22.7 (1.4) 20.0-25.5 20.0 (1.3) 17.5-22.5 22.9 (1.3)

College and beyond

24.5 (1.5) 21.5-27.4 25.1 (1.4) 22.3-27.9 22.3 (1.3)

Hispanic Ethnicity

Yes

14.7 (1.5) 11.9-17.6 13.9 (1.3) 11.3-16.5 13.9 (1.3)

No

85.3 (1.5) 82.4-88.1 86.1 (1.3) 83.5-88.7 86.1 (1.3)

Household Income

<$15,000

33.4 (1.8) 29.9-36.8 36.1 (1.7) 32.8-39.5 35.4 (1.7)

$15,000-$24,999

12.8 (1.3) 10.3-15.3 14.2 (1.2) 11.8-16.7 16.9 (1.4)

$25,000-$34,999

10.6 (1.2) 8.2-12.9 10.1 (1.1) 8.0-12.2 8.9 (1.0)

$35,000-$49,999

9.7 (1.1) 7.6-11.9 8.8 (1.0) 6.8-10.7 8.6 (1.0)

>=$50,000

33.6 (1.8) 30.0-37.1 30.8 (1.7) 27.6-34.1 30.2 (1.6)

Marital Status

Married

61.8 (1.7) 58.5-65.1 58.2 (1.6) 55.0-61.3 56.1 (1.6)

Other Medicaid Status**

38.2 (1.7) 34.9-41.5 41.8 (1.6) 38.7-45.0 43.9 (1.6)

Yes

56.3 (1.7) 52.9-59.7 56.4 (1.6) 53.2-59.6 56.4 (1.6)

No

43.7 (1.7) 40.3-47.1 43.6 (1.6) 40.4-46.8 43.6 (1.6)

Birthweight

<1500g

1.5 (0.1)

1.2-1.7 1.9 (0.1) 1.6-2.1 1.5 (0.1)

1500g 2499g

6.9 (0.4)

6.1-7.7 6.6 (0.3) 6.1-7.2 7.1 (0.3)

2500+g

91.6 (0.4) 90.8-92.5 91.5 (0.3) 90.8-92.1 91.4 (0.4)

* Standard Error Confidence Interval
^ Source: Georgia Online Analytical Statistical Information System (OASIS). http://oasis.state.ga.us/ **Delivery pay source

95% CI
31.1-35.3 60.7-65.4
2.4-5.0
10.6-14.8 50.0-56.2 29.0-34.7
1.5-3.3
20.8-26.6 28.5-34.3 20.4-25.5 19.8-25.0
11.4-16.4 83.6-88.6
32.1-38.7 14.2-19.7 6.9-10.8 6.6-10.5 27.1-33.4
53.0-59.1 40.9-47.0
53.4-59.5 40.5-46.6
1.3-1.7 6.5-7.8 90.7-92.1

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Pre/Interconception Period
Previous Live Birth: Between 2004 and 2006, 58.3% (56.4-60.1) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia had experienced a previous live birth.
The percentage of women with a previous live birth appears highest among: Women 30 years old or older Hispanic women Married women Women who delivered a baby 2,500 grams or heavier in their most recent delivery
Sub-groups in which the percentage of women with a previous live birth appears to be decreasing:
Women whose highest level of education is completion of college Women with a household income between $15,000 and $24,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women with a previous live birth appears to be increasing:
No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be increasing
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Table 2: Previous Live Birth, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95% CI

% (s.e.)*

60.5 (1.7) 57.1-63.9

2005 Weighted 95% CI % (s.e.)*
56.6 (1.6) 53.3-59.8

60.3 (2.1) 60.5 (2.4) 62.3 (11.8)

56.1-64.5 58.8 (2.0) 55.8-65.2 55.6 (2.3) 39.2-85.4 56.0 (9.5)

54.9-62.6 51.0-60.1 37.4-74.6

21.8 (4.4) 59.0 (2.4) 74.4 (2.6) 64.8 (11.1)

13.3-30.4 54.2-64.0 69.2-79.5 43.0-86.5

21.1 (4.0) 57.7 (2.2) 66.4 (2.7) 65.8 (11.8)

13.3-28.9 53.3-62.1 61.1-71.7 42.8-88.9

62.1 (3.9) 58.8 (3.2) 58.0 (3.5) 60.5 (3.5)

54.4-69.8 52.5-65.1 51.1-64.9 53.7-67.3

56.4 (3.7) 60.7 (2.9) 56.8 (3.6) 53.1 (3.3)

49.1-63.7 55.1-66.4 49.8-63.7 46.7-59.5

69.3 (5.2) 59.2-79.4 64.5 (5.4) 53.9-75.2 59.3 (1.8) 55.7-62.9 55.3 (1.8) 51.7-58.8

59.0 (3.2) 65.9 (5.1) 59.1 (5.9) 72.2 (5.3) 56.7 (3.3)

52.6-65.3 55.9-76.0 47.4-70.7 61.7-82.7 50.2-63.2

57.3 (3.0) 59.7 (4.6) 62.0 (5.4) 57.3 (6.0) 55.3 (3.3)

51.4-63.2 50.6-68.8 51.4-72.5 45.5-69.0 48.8-61.7

65.5 (2.2) 61.3-69.8 60.9 (2.1) 56.7-65.1 52.2 (2.8) 46.6-57.7 50.5 (2.6) 45.5-55.5

61.2 (2.3) 56.6-65.7 57.7 (2.2) 53.4-62.0 59.5 (2.6) 54.4-64.7 55.2 (2.5) 50.3-60.2

68.9 (5.5) 60.7 (4.0) 58.7 (2.2)

55.0-76.7 55.8 (5.5) 52.9-68.5 53.6 (3.8) 54.4-63.0 58.4 (2.1)

45.0-66.5 46.3-61.0 54.4-62.4

53.8 (4.2) 51.3 (2.9) 61.3 (1.9)

45.5-62.1 46.4 (3.7) 45.5-57.1 48.8 (2.1) 57.6-65.0 57.4 (1.8)

39.2-53.7 44.7-53.0 53.8-60.9

2006 Weighted 95% CI % (s.e.)*
58.0 (1.6) 54.9-61.1

59.5 (1.9) 57.3 (2.2) 54.2 (9.6)

55.8-63.3 52.9-61.6 35.4-72.9

18.6 (3.7) 59.0 (2.2) 70.9 (2.6) 74.4 (8.8)

11.4-25.8 54.7-63.2 65.9-75.9 57.1-91.8

59.1 (3.6) 57.8 (2.9) 62.5 (3.1) 52.2 (3.3)

51.9-65.9 52.1-63.3 56.2-68.3 45.7-58.6

73.5 (4.5) 63.9-81.3 55.6 (1.7) 52.4-58.9

56.3 (2.9) 56.1 (4.6) 57.4 (5.7) 60.8 (5.9) 55.6 (3.2)

50.6-62.1 47.0-65.2 46.2-68.7 49.2-72.5 49.3-61.9

63.6 (2.1) 59.5-67.6 50.8 (2.4) 46.1-55.5

58.4 (2.1) 54.4-62.5 57.5 (2.4) 52.8-62.3

57.3 (4.8) 57.0 (3.8) 58.6 (2.0)

47.8-66.8 49.6-64.4 54.7-62.5

53.2 (3.7) 51.5 (2.2) 58.6 (1.7)

45.9-60.5 47.2-55.8 55.2-61.9

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Previous Low Birth Weight Delivery: Between 2004 and 2006, 14.7% (13.1-16.6) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia experienced a low birth delivery in the preceding pregnancy.
The percentage of women with a previous low birth delivery in the pregnancy just prior to their most recent delivery appears highest among:
Black women Women whose highest level of education is less than high school Hispanic women Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby less than 2,500 grams in their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women with a previous low birth weight delivery in the preceding pregnancy appears to be decreasing: Women 30-39 years old Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Sub-groups in which the percentage of women with a previous low birth weight delivery appears to be increasing: Women with a household income between $35,000 and $49,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid
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Table 3: Previous Low Birth Weight Infant among Women with a Prior Delivery, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95% CI

% (s.e.)*

15.0 (1.6) 11.9-18.2

2005 Weighted 95% CI % (s.e.)*
15.4 (1.6) 12.2-18.6

19.2 (2.3) 13.0 (2.2) 14.3 (9.5)

14.7-23.6 16.2 (1.9) 8.7-17.3 14.9 (2.3) 0.0-33.0 16.0 (9.0)

12.4-20.0 10.4-19.5 0.0-33.7

14.7 (6.4) 15.9 (2.2) 13.8 (2.6) 15.9 (12.1)

2.0-27.3 11.6-20.2 8.7-18.8 0.0-39.7

22.5 (9.5) 18.0 (2.4) 11.3 (2.3) 7.8 (6.0)

3.8-41.2 13.4-22.6 6.8-15.7 0.0-19.5

20.5 (4.1) 15.3 (3.0) 11.8 (2.6) 10.9 (2.9)

12.5-28.6 9.5-21.1 6.7-17.0 5.3-16.6

21.7 (4.3) 18.1 (3.0) 12.6 (3.1) 7.7 (2.4)

13.3-30.1 12.3-24.0 6.6-18.6 3.0-12.5

22.4 (5.9) 10.8-34.1 27.7 (6.8) 14.5-41.0 13.8 (1.6) 10.7-16.8 14.0 (1.6) 10.8-17.2

23.8 (3.7) 16.3 (4.8) 7.6 (3.7) 7.4 (3.0) 8.5 (2.5)

16.6-31.1 6.8-25.9 0.4-14.8 1.5-13.2 3.6-13.4

21.4 (3.3) 10.7 (3.6) 21.3 (6.4) 9.0 (4.3) 6.0 (2.1)

15.0-27.9 3.5-17.8 8.6-33.9 0.5-17.6 2.0-10.1

11.9 (1.7) 8.5-15.4 13.0 (1.9) 9.3-16.7 21.4 (3.3) 14.9-27.8 19.5 (3.0) 13.7-25.3

19.6 (2.4) 15.0-24.3 19.5 (2.4) 14.9-24.1 8.8 (1.9) 5.0-12.6 10.0 (2.1) 5.8-14.1

11.9 (4.2) 13.2 (3.3) 15.4 (2.1)

3.7-20.0 21.5 (6.3) 6.6-19.7 12.8 (3.6) 11.3-19.5 16.2 (2.1)

9.3-33.8 5.6-19.9 12.1-20.2

28.1 (5.3) 33.8 (3.2) 13.6 (1.7)

17.7-38.6 36.4 (5.4) 27.6-40.1 27.9 (2.7) 10.2-17.0 14.3 (1.7)

25.7-47.1 22.6-33.2 10.9-17.7

2006 Weighted 95% CI % (s.e.)*
13.8 (1.4) 11.2-16.5

22.0 (2.2) 9.9 (1.8) 7.5 (6.3)

17.8-26.2 6.4-13.5 0.0-19.9

20.3 (8.9) 15.0 (2.0) 10.5 (1.7) 25.5 (8.8)

2.8-37.7 11.1-19.0 7.1-13.9 8.3-42.7

14.8 (3.5) 14.8 (2.4) 12.7 (2.6) 13.9 (2.9)

9.2-23.0 10.7-20.2 8.3-18.8 9.1-20.7

13.6 (4.1) 7.4-23.6 13.9 (1.4) 11.4-16.9

16.2 (2.9) 15.2 (4.0) 6.2 (2.4) 11.8 (3.7) 7.5 (2.0)

10.5-21.9 7.4-23.0 1.6-10.9 4.6-19.0 3.6-11.5

12.1 (1.7) 8.9-15.4 16.5 (2.4) 11.9-21.1

16.0 (2.0) 12.0-19.9 11.1 (1.7) 7.7-14.5

12.0 (4.3) 11.6 (2.7) 13.5 (1.7)

3.6-20.4 6.3-17.0 10.1-16.9

36.0 (5.0) 29.1 (3.1) 12.4 (1.5)

26.2-45.8 23.0-35.2 9.5-15.3

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Previous Preterm Delivery: Between 2004 and 2006, 11.3% (9.9-13.0) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia experienced a preterm delivery in the preceding pregnancy.
The percentage of women with a previous preterm birth delivery in the pregnancy just prior to their most recent delivery appears highest among:
Black women Women younger than 20 years old Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby less than 2,500 grams in their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women with a previous preterm birth delivery in the pregnancy just prior to their most recent delivery appears to be decreasing: Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Women who delivered a baby 2,500 grams or heavier in their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women with a previous preterm birth delivery in the pregnancy just prior to their most recent delivery appears to be increasing: Women 40 years old or older Women with intermediate adequacy of prenatal care
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Table 4: Previous Preterm Infant among Women with a Prior Delivery, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95% CI

% (s.e.)*

12.4 (1.5) 9.5-15.3

2005 Weighted 95% CI % (s.e.)*
11.0 (1.4) 8.3-13.6

15.6 (2.0) 10.8 (2.0) 15.8 (12.5)

11.6-19.5 11.6 (1.6) 6.9-14.6 11.2 (2.0) 0.0-40.3 1.0 (0.7)

8.4-14.8 7.4-15.0 0.0-2.4

17.5 (6.9) 12.8 (2.0) 12.2 (2.4) 2.0 (1.3)

3.9-31.0 8.7-16.8 7.5-16.9 0.0-4.4

6.5 (3.7) 13.0 (2.0) 9.0 (2.0) 2.9 (1.8)

0.0-13.7 9.1-16.9 5.2-12.9 0.0-6.5

16.6 (3.8) 11.6 (2.5) 9.0 (2.1) 10.1 (2.8)

9.2-24.0 6.7-16.4 4.8-13.4 4.5-15.7

13.5 (3.4) 11.7 (2.4) 12.6 (3.0) 7.4 (2.3)

6.7-20.2 7.0-16.4 6.7-18.5 2.9-11.9

18.8 (5.7) 11.3 (1.4)

7.7-29.9 10.8 (4.6) 1.8-19.7 8.6-14.1 11.2 (1.5) 8.3-14.1

15.1 (2.9) 14.6 (4.7) 7.9 (3.7) 12.1 (5.0) 9.2 (2.5)

9.5-20.7 5.3-23.9 0.7-15.1 2.3-21.8 4.3-14.2

12.0 (2.4) 13.6 (4.3) 9.7 (3.9) 16.7 (5.8) 6.1 (2.1)

7.4-16.7 5.2-21.9 2.2-17.3 5.4-28.1 2.0-10.3

10.7 (1.7) 7.3-14.1 9.3 (1.5) 6.4-12.2 16.0 (2.8) 10.5-21.5 13.9 (2.6) 8.8-19.0

16.2 (2.2) 11.9-20.5 13.6 (2.0) 9.7-17.5 7.4 (1.7) 4.0-10.7 7.5 (1.7) 4.3-10.8

20.1 (5.9) 8.8 (2.6) 11.6 (1.8)

8.6-31.7 3.6-14.0 8.1-15.0

6.1 (2.3) 10.7 (3.2) 11.5 (1.7)

1.7-10.6 4.5-16.9 8.1-15.0

33.3 (5.7) 33.9 (3.2) 10.8 (1.6)

22.2-44.5 32.6 (5.2) 27.6-40.1 27.5 (2.7) 7.7-13.9 9.6 (1.4)

22.3-42.9 22.2-32.7 6.7-12.4

2006 Weighted 95% CI % (s.e.)*
10.7 (1.2) 8.3-13.1

15.7 (1.9) 8.6 (1.7) 1.4 (0.9)

12.0-19.3 5.4-11.9 0.0-3.0

20.9 (8.9) 11.6 (1.8) 8.9 (1.7) 5.8 (3.4)

3.4-38.4 8.1-15.0 5.6-12.2 0.0-12.6

13.0 (3.2) 13.4 (2.4) 9.2 (2.3) 7.2 (2.0)

7.9-20.6 9.4-18.9 5.6-14.8 4.2-12.1

12.4 (3.9) 6.5-22.3 10.4 (1.2) 8.2-13.0

10.1 (2.2) 13.2 (3.7) 7.8 (4.3) 8.4 (3.0) 7.5 (2.0)

5.9-14.4 5.9-20.6 0.0-16.2 2.5-14.3 3.6-11.5

9.8 (1.5) 6.9-12.8 12.1 (2.1) 8.0-16.1

13.5 (1.9) 9.9-17.2 7.1 (1.4) 4.3-9.8

9.7 (3.3) 12.2 (3.3) 8.9 (1.3)

3.2-16.3 5.8-18.6 6.3-11.5

41.4 (5.1) 28.7 (3.1) 9.0 (1.3)

31.4-51.5 22.5-34.9 6.4-11.5

15

Health Insurance Coverage Before Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 61.1% (59.2-62.9) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia had health insurance just before pregnancy.
The percentage of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia with health insurance just before pregnancy appears highest among:
Women 30 years old and older Women whose highest level of education is completion of college Non-Hispanic women Women with a household income of $50,000 or higher during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Married women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia with health insurance just before pregnancy appears to be decreasing: Black women Women less than 20 years old Women whose highest level of education is completion of college Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia with health insurance just before pregnancy appears to be increasing: No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be increasing
16

Table 5: Health Insurance Coverage Before Pregnancy, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95% CI

% (s.e.)*

64.3 (1.7) 60.9-67.7

66.2 (2.1) 63.1 (2.4) 70.3 (11.3)

62.2-70.3 58.5-67.8 48.1-92.4

64.7 (5.3) 56.7 (2.4) 76.0 (2.7) 66.4 (11.4)

54.3-75.1 51.9-61.5 70.8-81.2 44.0-88.7

46.2 (4.0) 51.0 (3.2) 71.1 (3.2) 91.4 (1.9)

38.4-54.0 44.8-57.3 64.8-77.4 87.6-95.2

28.2 (4.9) 18.6-37.8 70.2 (1.7) 66.9-73.6

41.2 (3.0) 44.0 (5.2) 64.2 (5.9) 89.0 (3.5) 95.0 (1.5)

35.2-47.2 33.8-54.1 52.5-75.8 82.0-95.9 92.1-97.9

74.8 (2.0) 70.8-78.7 47.4 (2.7) 42.1-52.7

42.7 (2.3) 38.3-47.2 92.0 (1.5) 89.0-95.0

52.1 (5.7) 58.1 (4.1) 68.4 (2.1)

40.8-63.4 50.1-66.0 64.3-72.5

66.1 (4.0) 66.5 (2.3) 64.1 (1.9)

58.4-73.9 61.9-71.1 60.4-67.8

2005 Weighted 95% CI % (s.e.)*
60.0 (1.6) 56.8-63.2

60.1 (2.0) 59.2 (2.3) 75.5 (8.6)

56.2-64.0 54.7-63.7 58.7-92.3

54.4 (5.0) 51.3 (2.3) 75.1 (2.6) 88.1 (5.3)

44.7-64.1 46.8-55.7 70.0-80.1 77.7-98.6

34.8 (3.4) 55.9 (3.0) 56.5 (3.5) 90.8 (1.6)

28.2-41.4 50.2-61.7 49.5-63.4 87.6-93.9

20.7 (4.5) 11.9-29.5 66.1 (1.7) 62.7-69.4

38.9 (2.8) 42.1 (4.6) 59.0 (5.6) 84.3 (4.7) 96.7 (1.0)

33.4-44.5 33.1-51.0 48.0-70.0 75.1-93.5 94.6-98.7

72.4 (2.0) 68.5-76.2 42.8 (2.4) 38.0-47.6

37.5 (2.1) 33.5-41.5 89.2 (1.7) 85.9-92.5

37.4 (5.0) 56.1 (3.8) 63.9 (2.0)

27.6-47.2 48.7-63.4 59.9-67.9

58.6 (3.7) 53.9 (2.1) 60.5 (1.8)

51.4-65.8 49.8-58.1 57.0-64.0

2006 Weighted 95% CI % (s.e.)*
59.0 (1.6) 55.9-62.1

57.2 (2.0) 60.8 (2.2) 48.2 (9.4)

53.4-61.1 56.5-65.2 29.9-66.6

50.0 (4.6) 49.7 (2.2) 77.4 (2.4) 67.0 (9.4)

41.0-59.0 45.4-54.0 72.7-82.0 48.6-85.4

38.3 (3.5) 47.1 (2.9) 66.3 (3.0) 87.0 (2.1)

31.8-45.3 41.5-52.7 60.2-72.0 82.2-90.6

25.2 (4.3) 17.7-34.4 64.6 (1.6) 61.4-67.6

29.5 (2.6) 46.1 (4.6) 61.4 (5.8) 83.6 (4.2) 93.3 (1.6)

24.5-34.5 37.2-55.1 50.0-72.7 75.4-91.8 90.2-96.4

72.2 (1.9) 68.4-76.0 42.1 (2.3) 37.6-46.6

35.4 (1.9) 31.6-39.2 89.9 (1.6) 86.8-92.9

45.5 (4.8) 47.8 (3.8) 63.9 (2.0)

36.0-54.9 40.0-55.2 60.0-67.7

60.7 (3.7) 55.7 (2.2) 59.2 (1.7)

53.5-67.8 51.4-60.0 55.8-62.6

17

Multivitamin Use Prior to Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 32.1% (30.3-33.9) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia used a multivitamin 4 or more times per week during the month before pregnancy. The Healthy People 2010 goal is to increase the proportion of pregnancies begun with an optimum folic acid level to 80%.
The percentage of women using a multivitamin 4 or more times per week during the month before pregnancy appears highest among:
Women whose race is White or Other Women whose age is 30 years old or older Women whose highest level of education is completion of college Non-Hispanic women Women with a household income of $50,000 or higher during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Married women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women using a multivitamin 4 or more times per week during the month before pregnancy appears to be decreasing: White women Women 20-29 years old Women of all education levels Non-Hispanic women Women with a household income less than $15,000 or between $35,000 and
$49,999 during the year prior to their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women using a multivitamin 4 or more times per week during the month before pregnancy appears to be increasing:
No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be increasing
18

Table 6: Multivitamin Use 4 or More Times per Week During the Month Prior to Pregnancy, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95% CI

% (s.e.)*

37.1 (1.7) 33.8-40.5

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
31.0 (1.5) 28.0-34.0

2006

Weighted

95% CI

% (s.e.)*

28.8 (1.4) 26.0-31.6

25.9 (1.9) 42.3 (2.4) 43.2 (11.9)

22.2-29.7 21.1 (1.6) 17.9-24.3 22.9 (1.6) 37.6-47.0 36.1 (2.2) 31.8-40.4 31.5 (2.1) 19.9-66.5 28.6 (8.3) 12.4-44.7 38.7 (9.2)

19.7-26.1 27.4-35.5 20.7-56.7

18.4 (3.9) 29.0 (2.2) 53.9 (3.0) 59.6 (11.2)

10.7-26.1 24.7-33.4 48.0-59.8 37.7-81.5

24.5 (4.3) 22.6 (1.9) 47.1 (2.9) 34.1 (11.3)

16.1-32.9 18.9-26.3 41.4-52.7 11.9-56.3

17.8 (3.6) 21.1 (1.8) 45.3 (2.8) 37.9 (9.0)

10.7-24.8 17.6-24.6 39.8-50.7 20.2-55.7

24.9 (3.5) 27.4 (2.9) 33.4 (3.4) 61.9 (3.4)

17.9-31.9 21.8-33.0 26.7-40.0 55.2-68.6

19.3 (3.0) 21.3 (2.4) 27.0 (3.2) 57.2 (3.2)

13.5-25.1 16.6-26.1 20.7-33.3 50.9-63.4

18.2 (2.8) 19.0 (2.2) 25.8 (2.8) 53.8 (3.3)

13.3-24.3 15.0-23.7 20.6-31.7 47.3-60.1

35.7 (5.3) 25.2-46.2 19.7 (4.3) 11.3-28.1 18.4 (3.9) 12.0-27.3 36.9 (1.8) 33.4-40.4 32.1 (1.7) 28.8-35.5 30.4 (1.5) 27.4-33.4

21.3 (2.7) 21.6 (4.4) 37.2 (5.8) 48.1 (6.0) 58.6 (3.3)

15.9-26.6 12.9-30.3 25.8-48.7 36.3-59.9 52.2-65.1

19.6 (2.4) 15.7 (3.4) 21.2 (4.7) 37.7 (5.8) 57.9 (3.2)

14.8-24.4 9.0-22.3 11.9-30.4 26.3-49.1 51.5-64.2

16.1 (2.1) 16.5 (3.2) 20.4 (4.7) 32.2 (5.6) 50.9 (3.2)

11.9-20.3 10.2-22.9 11.2-29.5 21.2-43.3 44.6-57.3

46.8 (2.3) 42.3-51.2 40.6 (2.1) 36.3-44.8 38.4 (2.1) 34.3-42.5 21.5 (2.3) 17.0-26.0 17.7 (2.0) 13.9-21.5 16.5 (1.8) 13.0-19.9

25.0 (2.1) 20.9-29.1 17.1 (1.7) 13.8-20.4 18.7 (1.7) 15.4-21.9 52.7 (2.7) 47.5-57.9 49.2 (2.5) 44.2-54.1 42.1 (2.4) 37.4-46.8

25.1 (5.2) 31.0 (3.8) 40.4 (2.2)

15.0-35.2 22.5 (4.7) 13.4-31.7 25.9 (4.2) 23.7-38.4 32.5 (3.5) 25.6-39.3 24.6 (3.2) 36.2-44.7 32.4 (2.0) 28.5-36.2 30.8 (1.9)

17.6-34.3 18.3-30.9 27.1-34.5

32.5 (3.9) 26.8 (2.1) 37.9 (1.9)

24.9-40.0 27.4 (3.2) 21.1-33.8 34.9 (3.5) 22.8-30.8 30.0 (1.9) 26.3-33.8 26.6 (2.1) 34.3-41.6 31.1 (1.7) 27.9-34.4 28.9 (1.6)

28.0-41.8 22.4-30.8 25.8-31.9

19

Alcohol Use Prior to Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 41.8% (39.9-43.7) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia had an alcoholic drink during the 3 months before pregnancy.
The percentage of women who had an alcoholic drink during the 3 months before pregnancy appears highest among:
White women Women 30-39 years old Women whose highest level of education is completion of college Non-Hispanic women Women with a household income of $50,000 or higher during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Married women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby 2,500 grams or heavier in their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who had an alcoholic drink during the 3 months before pregnancy appears to be decreasing: Women whose race is other than Black or White Women 40 years old or older Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who had an alcoholic drink during the 3 months before pregnancy appears to be increasing: Women with a household income between $35,000 and $49,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery Women who delivered a baby less than 1,500 grams in their most recent delivery
20

Table 7: Alcohol Use During the Three Months Prior to Pregnancy, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
41.2 (1.8) 37.7-44.6

31.2 (2.0) 27.2-35.2 46.3 (2.5) 41.4-51.2 30.6 (11.9) 7.3-53.9

24.1 (4.7) 40.2 (2.4) 47.0 (3.1) 57.2 (11.4)

14.8-33.3 35.4-44.9 40.9-53.0 34.8-79.6

22.8 (3.5) 39.4 (3.2) 44.7 (3.6) 56.7 (3.5)

16.0-30.0 33.1-45.7 37.6-51.7 49.7-63.6

27.4 (5.2) 17.1-37.7 42.9 (1.9) 39.3-46.5

35.2 (3.2) 45.1 (5.4) 47.8 (6.1) 40.1 (6.0) 57.1 (3.4)

29.0-41.5 34.4-55.7 35.8-59.7 28.3-51.8 50.5-63.7

46.7 (2.3) 42.1-51.2 32.2 (2.6) 27.0-37.4

34.2 (2.3) 29.7-38.7 50.1 (2.7) 44.8-55.4

44.4 (5.8) 38.6 (4.0) 41.6 (2.2)

33.0-55.8 30.7-46.5 37.3-45.9

29.8 (3.8) 37.7 (2.9) 41.6 (1.9)

22.3-37.3 32.0-43.4 37.9-45.4

2005

Weighted

95% CI

% (s.e.)*

43.3 (1.7) 40.0-46.5

35.6 (2.0) 48.0 (2.3) 23.7 (8.3)

31.8-39.5 43.4-52.6 7.3-40.0

27.7 (4.6) 42.8 (2.3) 49.0 (2.9) 51.3 (11.6)

18.7-36.7 38.4-47.3 43.2-54.7 28.5-74.1

28.7 (3.4) 37.1 (2.9) 54.3 (3.6) 55.6 (3.3)

22.1-35.4 31.4-42.9 47.3-61.3 49.1-62.0

13.9 (4.0) 46.8 (1.8)

6.1-21.7 43.2-50.3

37.5 (3.0) 45.6 (4.8) 48.5 (5.6) 49.7 (6.1) 60.5 (3.2)

31.6-43.3 36.1-55.1 37.5-59.6 37.7-61.7 54.2-66.9

47.7 (2.2) 37.2 (2.5)

43.4-52.1 32.3-42.1

36.3 (2.1) 52.7 (2.6)

32.1-40.5 47.7-57.7

46.1 (5.5) 38.5 (3.7) 45.5 (2.1)

35.3-57.0 31.3-45.6 41.4-49.6

32.8 (3.5) 37.5 (2.0) 43.9 (1.8)

26.0-39.7 33.5-41.5 40.4-47.5

2006 Weighted 95% CI % (s.e.)*
41.0 (1.6) 37.9-44.0

33.2 (1.9) 29.5-36.9 46.2 (2.2) 41.8-50.6 20.8 (7.7) 5.7-35.9

19.6 (3.7) 41.0 (2.2) 49.5 (2.8) 40.7 (9.6)

12.3-26.9 36.7-45.3 44.0-55.0 21.9-60.0

24.4 (3.2) 34.9 (2.8) 50.5 (3.2) 55.2 (3.3)

18.7-31.2 29.7-40.6 44.2-56.8 48.6-61.6

17.6 (3.9) 11.3-26.5 44.7 (1.7) 41.5-48.0

33.8 (2.8) 48.2 (4.6) 41.3 (5.8) 63.1 (5.8) 62.0 (3.1)

28.4-39.3 39.2-57.3 30.0-52.6 51.8-74.4 55.8-68.1

45.1 (2.1) 40.9-49.3 35.6 (2.3) 31.0-40.1

32.7 (2.0) 28.8-36.7 51.7 (2.5) 46.9-56.6

26.8 (4.4) 18.2-35.4 39.2 (3.7) 31.9-46.5 43.6 (2.0) 39.6-47.5

40.8 (3.7) 33.6-48.0 33.3 (2.1) 29.3-37.3 41.6 (1.7) 38.2-44.9

21

Tobacco Use Prior to Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 18.6% (17.1-20.2) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia smoked a cigarette during the 3 months before pregnancy.
The percentage of women who smoked a cigarette during the 3 months before pregnancy appears highest among:
White women Women 29 years old or younger Non-Hispanic women Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who smoked a cigarette during the 3 months before pregnancy appears to be decreasing: Women younger than 20 years old Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school Married women Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who smoked a cigarette during the 3 months before pregnancy appears to be increasing: Women who delivered a baby less than 1,500 grams in their most recent delivery
22

Table 8: Smoking During the Three Months Prior to Pregnancy, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
19.4 (1.5) 16.5-22.3

12.0 (1.5) 9.1-14.9 22.7 (2.1) 18.6-26.8 23.1 (10.8) 2.0-44.3

27.8 (5.3) 24.0 (2.2) 10.1 (1.9) 14.6 (8.4)

17.4-38.2 19.7-28.2 6.4-13.7 0.0-31.3

25.6 (3.6) 27.6 (3.1) 20.5 (3.1) 4.5 (1.5)

18.5-32.6 21.6-33.6 14.4-26.7
1.6-7.3

8.3 (3.2) 2.0-14.6 21.0 (1.6) 17.8-24.2

26.9 (3.0) 25.6 (5.1) 23.9 (5.5) 18.1 (4.9) 11.9 (2.3)

21.0-32.8 15.7-35.6 13.1-34.7 8.6-27.7 7.4-16.4

16.8 (1.8) 13.3-20.3 23.6 (2.5) 18.7-28.6

25.0 (2.1) 20.8-29.1 12.2 (1.9) 8.6-15.9

20.5 (4.9) 10.8-30.2 20.2 (3.4) 13.5-26.9 19.1 (1.8) 15.5-22.7

10.4 (2.7) 5.2-15.6 22.8 (3.0) 16.9-28.8 19.3 (1.6) 16.2-22.4

2005

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

19.1 (1.4) 16.4-21.8

9.6 (1.2) 24.6 (2.0) 0.9 (0.7)

7.2-12.0 20.6-28.5
0.0-2.2

23.3 (4.6) 25.3 (2.1) 8.1 (1.6) 5.9 (4.9)

14.2-32.3 21.2-29.3 4.9-11.3 0.0-15.5

26.9 (3.4) 23.3 (2.7) 21.3 (3.2) 6.1 (1.6)

20.2-33.5 18.0-28.5 15.1-27.6
2.9-9.3

4.7 (2.4)

0.0-9.4

20.9 (1.6) 17.8-24.0

26.5 (2.8) 25.8 (4.5) 20.4 (4.6) 20.7 (5.6) 10.1 (2.0)

21.0-31.9 16.9-34.7 11.4-29.4 9.7-31.6 6.2-14.1

15.1 (1.6) 11.9-18.3 24.6 (2.4) 20.0-29.3

24.5 (2.0) 20.5-28.4 12.2 (1.8) 8.8-15.7

22.5 (4.7) 17.8 (3.1) 19.2 (1.8)

13.3-31.8 11.9-23.8 15.8-22.7

16.7 (2.9) 22.0 (1.7) 18.9 (1.5)

11.1-22.3 18.7-25.3 16.0-21.9

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
17.5 (1.3) 15.1-20.0

10.4 (1.2) 8.0-12.9 21.4 (1.9) 17.8-25.1 13.4 (6.9) 0.0-26.8

13.5 (3.3) 22.7 (1.9) 11.1 (1.8) 10.7 (7.1)

6.9-20.0 18.9-26.5 7.6-14.6 0.0-24.6

25.4 (3.3) 19.7 (2.4) 18.3 (2.6) 6.3 (1.7)

19.6-32.3 15.4-24.8 13.8-23.9 3.7-10.5

8.4 (2.9) 4.2-16.1 19.0 (1.4) 16.5-21.9

21.8 (2.5) 22.0 (4.0) 23.0 (5.3) 17.7 (4.8) 9.8 (2.0)

16.9-26.7 14.1-29.9 12.5-33.4 8.3-27.0 5.9-13.7

14.0 (1.5) 11.0-17.0 22.1 (2.1) 17.9-26.2

23.4 (1.9) 19.7-27.0 10.0 (1.5) 7.1-13.0

18.4 (3.8) 10.9-25.9 18.9 (3.2) 12.7-25.2 16.0 (1.5) 13.0-19.0

21.2 (3.2) 14.9-27.4 19.5 (1.5) 16.6-22.5 17.3 (1.4) 14.6-20.0

23

Underweight Prior to Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 11.4% (10.2-12.7) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia entered pregnancy underweight.
The percentage of women who delivered a live birth and entered pregnancy underweight appears highest among:
Women younger than 20 years old Women who delivered a baby between 1,500 grams and 2,499 grams in their most
recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who delivered a live birth and entered pregnancy underweight appears to be decreasing:
Women with inadequate prenatal care Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who delivered a live birth and entered pregnancy underweight appears to be increasing:
Women whose race is other than Black or White Hispanic women Women with a household income between $15,000 and $34,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery
24

Table 9: Underweight Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI < 19.8), by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

11.5 (1.1) 9.3-13.7

11.2 (1.4) 11.4 (1.6) 12.3 (7.5)

8.4-13.9 8.3-14.5 0.0-27.0

22.7 (4.5) 11.2 (1.6) 8.9 (1.8) 6.8 (5.4)

13.8-31.5 8.2-14.3 5.5-12.4 0.0-17.4

13.4 (2.6) 13.4 (2.3) 7.4 (1.7) 11.2 (2.3)

8.3-18.5 8.8-18.0 4.1-10.7 6.6-15.8

7.8 (3.3) 11.8 (1.2)

1.3-14.2 9.4-14.2

13.9 (2.3) 7.2 (2.7) 6.5 (3.1) 9.0 (3.6) 12.7 (2.3)

9.5-18.4 1.9-12.6 0.4-12.7 1.9-16.2 8.3-17.1

10.5 (1.4) 13.2 (1.9)

7.7-13.3 9.5-16.9

11.9 (1.5) 11.0 (1.7)

9.0-14.9 7.6-14.4

19.1 (4.8) 11.5 (2.5) 10.5 (1.4)

9.8-28.4 6.5-16.4 7.8-13.1

9.9 (2.6) 15.1 (1.5) 11.3 (1.2)

4.7-15.0 12.0-18.1 8.8-13.7

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
11.8 (1.1) 9.6-14.1

8.4 (1.1) 13.6 (1.7) 14.5 (6.3)

6.2-10.5 10.3-16.8 2.1-26.9

27.1 (4.8) 10.5 (1.4) 9.6 (1.7)
---

17.7-36.5 7.7-13.3 6.2-12.9
---

17.5 (3.1) 9.6 (1.8) 6.5 (1.8) 13.2 (2.3)

11.5-23.6 6.1-13.1 3.0-10.1 8.7-17.6

8.9 (3.7) 1.7-16.1 11.0 (1.2) 8.7-13.3

11.8 (2.0) 9.1 (2.5) 9.8 (3.2) 10.7 (4.1) 13.8 (2.3)

7.9-15.7 4.1-14.1 3.6-16.0 2.6-18.8 9.2-18.4

11.8 (1.5) 8.9-14.7 12.0 (1.7) 8.6-15.4

11.9 (1.5) 9.0-14.8 11.1 (1.7) 7.9-14.4

13.7 (3.8) 9.9 (2.4) 11.4 (1.4)

6.3-21.1 5.2-14.5 8.6-14.1

6.5 (1.9) 20.6 (1.9) 11.3 (1.2)

2.9-10.2 16.9-24.3 8.9-13.7

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
10.9 (1.0) 8.9-13.0

9.9 (1.2) 10.8 (1.4) 24.8 (8.6)

7.6-12.3 7.9-13.6 8.0-41.7

13.8 (3.3) 11.6 (1.5) 9.0 (1.6) 6.1 (5.2)

7.4-20.2 8.8-14.5 5.9-12.2 0.0-16.3

16.5 (3.1) 9.9 (1.6) 8.4 (1.7) 11.7 (2.2)

11.2-23.6 7.1-13.5 5.6-12.4 8.0-16.8

11.5 (4.0) 5.7-22.0 10.8 (1.1) 8.9-13.1

12.3 (2.1) 10.6 (2.7) 11.6 (3.4) 10.4 (3.9) 9.7 (1.9)

8.1-16.4 5.2-16.0 4.9-18.4 2.7-18.0 5.9-13.4

9.8 (1.3) 7.3-12.4 12.5 (1.7) 9.3-15.8

12.2 (1.4) 9.4-15.1 9.4 (1.5) 6.6-12.3

11.9 (3.4) 15.3 (3.0) 9.8 (1.2)

5.2-18.6 9.3-21.3 7.5-12.2

13.5 (2.6) 14.1 (1.3) 10.6 (1.1)

8.5-18.6 11.5-16.7 8.4-12.9

25

Overweight and Obesity Prior to Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 37.7% (35.9.-39.5) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia entered pregnancy overweight or obese.
The percentage of women who delivered a live birth and entered pregnancy overweight or obese appears highest among:
Black women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby less than 1,500 grams in their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who delivered a live birth and entered pregnancy overweight or obese appears to be decreasing: Women whose highest level of education is some college Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who delivered a live birth and entered pregnancy overweight or obese appears to be increasing: No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be increasing
26

Table 10: Overweight/Obese Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI > 26.0), by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

36.3 (1.7) 32.9-39.6

45.2 (2.2) 32.5 (2.4) 23.0 (10.0)

40.8-49.5 27.9-37.1 3.5-42.6

24.5 (4.6) 36.2 (2.4) 39.4 (3.0) 41.9 (11.3)

15.5-33.5 31.6-40.9 33.5-45.2 19.8-64.0

46.5 (4.3) 49.1 (3.3) 53.6 (3.5) 60.8 (3.5)

31.7-48.4 31.4-43.6 32.2-45.7 21.9-34.2

35.8 (6.1) 23.8-47.9 36.4 (1.8) 32.9-39.8

41.0 (3.3) 48.0 (5.4) 31.8 (5.4) 37.8 (5.8) 27.6 (2.9)

34.4-47.5 37.5-58.5 21.2-42.4 26.5-49.1 22.0-33.3

34.7 (2.2) 30.4-39.0 38.9 (2.8) 33.4-44.3

40.7 (2.4) 36.0-45.4 30.9 (2.4) 26.2-35.7

42.9 (6.0) 30.5 (3.7) 37.4 (2.1)

31.1-54.7 23.2-37.8 33.2-41.6

47.9 (4.4) 33.5 (2.2) 36.3 (1.9)

39.3-56.5 29.1-37.9 32.6-39.9

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
37.3 (1.6) 34.2-40.5

49.7 (2.1) 31.7 (2.3) 20.0 (7.8)

45.7-53.8 27.3-36.2 4.8-35.2

27.9 (4.4) 43.0 (2.3) 31.5 (2.6) 36.8 (11.3)

19.2-36.6 38.5-47.5 26.4-36.6 14.6-58.9

37.7 (3.9) 39.9 (3.0) 47.9 (3.6) 27.3 (2.8)

30.1-45.2 34.1-45.7 40.8-54.9 21.8-32.8

27.8 (6.6) 14.9-40.8 39.0 (1.8) 35.6-42.5

39.4 (3.0) 41.6 (4.8) 44.7 (5.7) 37.9 (5.8) 27.8 (2.9)

33.5-45.3 32.2-50.9 33.6-55.9 26.6-49.2 22.1-33.4

36.5 (2.1) 32.4-40.7 38.5 (2.5) 33.6-43.5

42.4 (2.2) 38.0-46.8 31.5 (2.3) 26.9-36.1

37.0 (5.2) 38.5 (3.8) 37.8 (2.0)

26.7-47.3 31.1-46.0 33.8-41.8

54.8 (3.7) 36.6 (2.1) 37.0 (1.8)

47.5-62.1 32.6-40.7 33.6-40.5

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
39.2 (1.6) 36.1-42.3

48.2 (2.0) 35.2 (2.2) 26.1 (8.6)

44.2-52.1 30.9-39.6 9.2-42.9

28.2 (4.3) 40.0 (2.2) 42.4 (2.8) 39.8 (10.0)

19.8-36.6 35.7-44.3 36.9-47.8 20.1-59.4

37.7 (3.9) 42.4 (2.9) 44.7 (3.2) 33.3 (3.1)

30.4-45.6 36.9-48.2 38.5-51.1 27.6-39.6

35.2 (6.1) 24.4-47.7 39.7 (1.6) 36.6-43.0

42.1 (3.0) 41.9 (4.6) 37.6 (5.6) 44.6 (6.0) 31.3 (3.0)

36.2-48.0 32.9-50.9 26.6-48.5 32.8-56.5 25.4-37.1

37.8 (2.1) 33.7-41.9 41.4 (2.4) 36.6-46.2

42.5 (2.1) 38.3-46.7 35.1 (2.4) 30.5-39.7

42.6 (5.0) 38.4 (3.8) 38.4 (2.0)

32.7-52.5 31.0-45.8 34.5-42.3

46.5 (3.8) 37.0 (2.1) 39.3 (1.7)

39.1-53.9 32.8-41.2 35.9-42.7

27

Prenatal Period
Unintended Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 49.1% (47.2-50.9) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia wanted to get pregnant later or did not want to be pregnant at that time or in the future.
The percentage of women who wanted to get pregnant later or did not want to be pregnant at that time or in the future appears highest among:
Black women Women younger than 20 years old Women whose highest level of education is less than high school Women with a household income less than $25,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby between 1,500 grams and 2,499 grams in their most
recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who wanted to get pregnant later or did not want to be pregnant at that time or in the future appears to be decreasing:
Women whose race is other than Black or White Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who wanted to get pregnant later or did not want to be pregnant at that time or in the future appears to be increasing:
No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be increasing
28

Table 11: Unintended Pregnancies, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

47.1 (1.7) 43.7-50.5

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
49.3 (1.6) 46.2-52.5

65.6 (2.1) 38.2 (2.4) 47.0 (12.0)

61.5-69.6 69.6 (1.9) 33.6-42.9 40.0 (2.3) 25.6-69.6 40.4 (9.8)

66.0-73.2 35.1-44.2 21.3-59.6

80.1 (4.0) 51.6 (2.4) 31.3 (2.7) 30.9 (10.8)

71.2-86.7 46.9-56.3 26.2-36.9 14.2-54.5

77.5 (4.2) 52.3 (2.2) 35.2 (2.7) 36.4 (11.2)

69.3-85.7 47.9-56.7 29.9-40.6 14.4-58.4

61.4 (4.0) 54.3 (3.2) 44.7 (3.4) 27.8 (3.1)

53.3-69.0 48.0-60.5 38.1-51.4 22.2-34.3

61.2 (3.7) 54.8 (3.0) 52.3 (3.6) 30.2 (3.0)

53.9-68.4 49.0-60.6 45.3-59.3 24.4-36.0

49.4 (5.6) 38.7-60.1 48.4 (5.6) 37.5-59.4 47.0 (1.8) 43.5-50.5 49.1 (1.8) 45.7-52.6

64.8 (3.2) 62.1 (5.2) 53.1 (6.0) 30.9 (5.4) 24.0 (2.8)

58.4-70.7 51.6-71.5 41.4-64.5 21.4-42.4 18.9-29.9

64.9 (3.0) 63.2 (4.6) 46.5 (5.6) 33.3 (5.6) 26.3 (2.9)

59.1-70.7 54.2-72.1 35.5-57.4 22.4-44.3 20.7-31.9

35.6 (2.2) 31.5-40.0 33.0 (2.0) 29.0-36.9 65.9 (2.7) 60.4-71.0 71.8 (2.4) 67.1-76.5

60.6 (2.3) 56.0-65.2 63.9 (2.1) 59.6-68.1 30.0 (2.4) 25.3-34.7 30.5 (2.3) 26.0-35.1

64.0 (5.6) 47.0 (4.0) 44.5 (2.2)

52.9-75.0 68.8 (5.2) 39.1-54.9 54.6 (3.7) 40.3-48.8 44.8 (2.0)

58.6-79.0 47.3-62.0 40.8-48.8

51.4 (4.2) 57.1 (2.7) 46.3 (1.9)

43.1-59.7 52.0 (3.7) 51.8-62.3 54.3 (2.0) 42.7-50.0 48.9 (1.8)

44.7-59.2 50.3-58.4 45.5-52.4

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
50.4 (1.6) 47.3-53.5

65.5 (1.9) 43.3 (2.3) 37.1 (9.3)

61.8-69.1 38.9-47.8 18.9-55.4

80.2 (3.8) 55.6 (2.2) 32.3 (2.5) 27.2 (8.7)

72.8-87.6 51.3-59.9 27.3-37.2 10.1-44.2

61.9 (3.6) 59.5 (2.9) 50.0 (3.2) 27.8 (2.9)

54.6-68.8 53.8-65.0 43.7-56.2 22.5-33.7

45.4 (5.1) 35.7-55.5 51.4 (1.7) 48.1-54.6

65.6 (2.9) 58.1 (4.5) 51.7 (5.8) 41.4 (5.9) 27.0 (2.8)

60.0-71.2 49.2-67.0 40.2-63.1 29.9-52.9 21.5-32.5

35.6 (2.1) 31.5-39.6 69.6 (2.3) 65.1-74.1

63.8 (2.1) 59.8-67.9 33.5 (2.3) 29.0-38.1

64.0 (4.8) 55.3 (3.8) 45.8 (2.0)

54.6-73.4 47.8-62.8 41.9-49.8

51.5 (3.7) 55.3 (2.2) 50.0 (1.7)

44.2-58.9 51.1-59.5 46.7-53.4

29

Prenatal Care Access: Between 2004 and 2006, 83.7% (82.3.-85.0) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia entered prenatal care as early as they wanted.
The percentage of women who entered prenatal care as early as they wanted appears highest among:
White women Women 20 years old or older Women whose highest level of education is completion of college Women with a household income of $35,000 or higher during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Married women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby 2,500 grams or heavier in their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who entered prenatal care as early as they wanted appears to be decreasing: No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be decreasing Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who entered prenatal care as early as they wanted appears to be increasing: Women 30-39 years old Women whose highest level of education is some college
30

Table 12: Received Prenatal Care As Early As Wanted, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

84.5 (1.3) 82.0-87.0

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
82.2 (1.3) 79.7-84.7

78.2 (1.9) 87.4 (1.7) 85.3 (8.9)

74.5-81.9 77.3 (1.7) 84.1-90.6 85.0 (1.7) 67.8-100.0 76.0 (8.6)

73.9-80.6 81.6-88.4 59.2-92.8

70.2 (5.1) 84.7 (1.7) 88.4 (1.9) 88.3 (7.3)

60.2-80.2 81.3-88.1 84.7-92.1 73.9-100.0

66.3 (4.7) 81.0 (1.8) 89.6 (1.8) 81.3 (9.4)

57.1-75.5 77.5-84.5 86.1-93.1 63.0-99.7

80.3 (3.3) 83.0 (2.4) 81.9 (2.6) 92.8 (1.7)

73.9-86.7 78.3-87.7 76.7-87.1 89.4-96.2

76.4 (3.2) 80.1 (2.4) 83.1 (2.7) 89.3 (1.9)

70.2-82.6 75.4-84.7 77.7-88.5 85.5-93.1

78.5 (4.6) 69.5-87.6 81.9 (4.4) 73.4-90.4 85.3 (1.3) 82.8-87.8 82.4 (1.4) 79.6-85.1

75.1 (2.9) 77.9 (4.5) 81.3 (4.7) 90.4 (3.3) 95.0 (1.3)

69.4-80.7 69.1-86.7 72.1-90.5 84.0-96.9 92.4-97.7

78.8 (2.4) 71.9 (4.3) 84.5 (4.2) 90.4 (3.8) 91.3 (1.9)

74.0-83.6 63.4-80.4 76.2-92.7 83.0-97.8 87.6-94.9

90.7 (1.3) 88.1-93.3 86.5 (1.5) 83.6-89.5 74.6 (2.4) 69.8-79.4 76.1 (2.2) 71.8-80.4

79.7 (1.9) 76.0-83.4 78.2 (1.8) 74.7-81.8 90.7 (1.5) 87.6-93.7 87.5 (1.7) 84.1-90.9

59.4 (5.7) 86.1 (2.9) 87.9 (1.4)

48.2-70.6 80.4-91.7 85.2-90.6

53.9 (5.5) 85.2 (2.5) 85.9 (1.5)

43.1-64.7 80.3-90.1 83.0-88.8

79.9 (3.4) 78.6 (3.1) 85.0 (1.4)

73.2-86.7 72.6-84.6 82.4-87.7

79.5 (3.1) 81.7 (1.6) 82.3 (1.4)

73.5-85.6 78.6-84.9 79.6-85.0

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
84.4 (1.1) 82.2-86.6

76.8 (1.7) 88.3 (1.5) 85.3 (7.1)

73.4-80.2 85.4-91.2 71.4-99.2

71.6 (4.0) 82.8 (1.6) 92.3 (1.4) 83.6 (7.3)

63.8-79.3 79.6-86.0 89.6-95.1 69.4-97.9

79.8 (2.8) 79.5 (2.3) 86.3 (2.1) 93.2 (1.6)

73.7-84.8 74.6-83.6 81.7-89.9 89.4-95.7

83.0 (3.8) 74.2-89.3 84.6 (1.1) 82.2-86.7

78.9 (2.3) 77.2 (3.9) 81.1 (4.5) 88.1 (3.5) 94.8 (1.4)

74.3-83.4 69.6-84.7 72.3-89.9 81.1-95.0 92.0-97.5

90.3 (1.3) 87.9-92.8 76.8 (2.0) 73.0-80.6

80.1 (1.6) 77.0-83.3 89.9 (1.5) 86.9-92.8

74.1 (3.4) 76.8 (2.1) 85.2 (1.2)

67.5-80.8 72.8-80.9 82.8-87.6

62.8 (4.7) 84.4 (2.8) 88.0 (1.2)

53.5-72.0 79.0-89.8 85.6-90.5

31

Early Entry Into Prenatal Care: Between 2004 and 2006, 78.2% (76.6-79.7) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia entered prenatal care during their first trimester. The Healthy People 2010 goal is to increase the proportion of pregnant women who receive early and adequate prenatal care to 90%.
The percentage of women who entered prenatal care during their first trimester appears highest among:
White women Women 30-39 years old Women whose highest level of education is completion of college Non-Hispanic women Women with a household income of $50,000 or higher during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Married women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who entered prenatal care during their first trimester appears to be decreasing: Women whose highest level of education was completion of high school Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who entered prenatal care during their first trimester appears to be increasing: Women with a household income between $25,000 and 34,999 during the year prior
to their most recent delivery
32

Table 13: Started Prenatal Care During First Trimester, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

78.5 (1.5) 75.6-81.5

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
78.9 (1.4) 76.2-81.6

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
77.3 (1.3) 74.6-79.9

74.4 (2.0) 80.2 (2.0) 82.4 (9.4)

70.6-78.3 72.5 (1.9) 76.2-84.2 82.4 (1.9) 63.8-100.0 73.2 (8.9)

68.9-76.2 78.7-86.1 55.8-90.7

69.5 (1.9) 81.8 (1.8) 70.4 (8.8)

65.9-73.2 78.3-85.4 53.2-87.6

61.6 (5.4) 77.4 (2.1) 85.9 (2.2) 74.3 (10.5)

51.1-72.1 73.4-81.5 81.6-90.3 53.6-94.9

55.0 (5.1) 78.4 (1.9) 87.0 (2.0) 93.1 (4.3)

45.1-65.0 74.7-82.1 83.1-90.9 84.7-100.0

58.2 (4.5) 76.4 (1.9) 86.7 (1.9) 72.3 (9.3)

49.3-67.1 72.7-80.1 83.0-90.3 54.2-90.5

61.7 (4.0) 77.9 (2.6) 80.9 (2.8) 94.1 (1.7)

53.8-69.6 72.8-83.0 75.3-86.5 90.7-97.4

62.0 (3.7) 76.0 (2.5) 83.3 (2.7) 94.5 (1.4)

54.8-69.3 71.1-80.8 78.0-88.6 91.7-97.3

58.8 (3.6) 73.6 (2.5) 82.5 (2.3) 94.5 (1.3)

51.6-65.7 68.4-78.3 77.6-86.5 91.2-96.6

56.1 (5.6) 45.1-67.2 61.1 (5.6) 50.2-72.0 59.9 (5.0) 49.8-69.2 82.0 (1.4) 79.2-84.7 81.1 (1.4) 78.3-83.8 80.2 (1.3) 77.6-82.6

63.8 (3.2) 73.6 (5.0) 76.1 (5.2) 88.2 (3.7) 95.5 (1.3)

57.5-70.2 63.8-83.4 65.8-86.3 80.9-95.5 92.9-98.1

68.2 (2.8) 73.1 (4.2) 79.1 (4.7) 85.3 (4.6) 95.3 (1.4)

62.6-73.7 64.9-81.3 69.9-88.4 76.2-94.4 92.5-98.1

64.6 (2.9) 64.5 (4.4) 83.8 (4.5) 85.0 (4.2) 95.4 (1.2)

59.0-70.2 55.7-73.2 75.1-92.6 76.9-93.2 93.1-97.8

86.5 (1.6) 83.3-89.7 87.6 (1.5) 84.8-90.5 86.6 (1.5) 83.7-89.4 65.5 (2.7) 60.2-70.9 66.5 (2.5) 61.7-71.4 65.3 (2.3) 60.8-69.8

69.0 (2.2) 64.6-73.4 71.6 (2.0) 67.6-75.5 70.8 (1.9) 67.0-74.5 90.7 (1.6) 87.5-93.9 88.6 (1.7) 85.3-91.9 85.8 (1.8) 82.4-89.3

40.7 (5.7) 80.5 (3.4) 84.3 (1.6)

29.6-51.8 73.9-87.2 81.1-87.5

38.6 (5.3) 85.1 (2.6) 84.9 (1.5)

28.3-49.0 80.0-90.1 82.0-87.9

34.9 (4.6) 80.7 (3.1) 85.3 (1.4)

25.8-43.9 74.6-86.7 82.6-88.1

75.8 (3.7) 73.5 (3.1) 78.9 (1.6)

68.5-83.2 67.4-79.6 75.8-82.1

78.8 (3.1) 77.5 (1.8) 79.0 (1.5)

72.7-84.9 74.0-81.0 76.1-81.9

76.1 (3.4) 73.9 (2.2) 77.5 (1.5)

69.4-82.7 69.7-78.1 74.7-80.4

33

Table 14: Content of Prenatal Care Counseling, 2004-2006

Topic
Smoking Breastfeeding Alcohol Use Seatbelt Use Birth Control Use After Pregnancy Safe Medications Illegal Drug Use Screening for Birth Defects Early Labor HIV Testing Physical Abuse from Husbands or Partners
* Standard Error Confidence Interval

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 72.0 (1.6) 68.8-75.2 83.2 (1.4) 80.5-85.9 71.2 (1.6) 68.0-74.4 52.7 (1.8) 49.2-56.2 79.9 (1.5) 77.0-82.8

88.2 (1.2) 68.0 (1.7) 86.9 (1.3)

85.9-90.6 64.7-71.3 84.5-89.4

82.5 (1.4) 80.3 (1.5) 37.7 (1.7)

79.8-85.2 77.4-83.2 34.4-41.1

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 74.3 (1.5) 71.4-77.2 85.9 (1.2) 83.6-88.3 75.6 (1.5) 72.6-78.5 54.4 (1.7) 51.1-57.8 81.6 (1.4) 79.0-84.3
90.0 (1.1) 88.0-92.1 68.7 (1.6) 65.6-71.8 88.3 (1.1) 86.1-90.5
84.5 (1.2) 82.1-86.9 81.5 (1.4) 78.8-84.2 41.1 (1.6) 37.9-44.3

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 75.2 (1.4) 72.4-77.9 85.6 (1.2) 83.3-87.9 77.0 (1.4) 74.3-79.7 55.2 (1.6) 52.0-58.3 82.0 (1.3) 79.5-84.5

91.4 (0.9) 69.7 (1.5) 90.3 (1.0)

89.6-93.2 66.8-72.6 88.4-92.2

83.8 (1.2) 84.4 (1.2) 43.4 (1.6)

81.5-86.1 82.1-86.8 40.3-46.5

Table 15: Source of Prenatal Care, 2004-2006

Source
Hospital Clinic Health Department MD/HMO Military Facility Other
* Standard Error Confidence Interval

2004 Weighted 95%CI

% (s.e.)*

10.7 (1.1) 8.5-13.0

6.8 (1.0)

4.9-8.7

76.1 (1.6) 73.0-79.2

1.7 (0.4)

0.8-2.5

4.7 (0.8)

3.0-6.3

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 11.7 (1.1) 9.5-13.9
6.7 (0.9) 5.0-8.4 77.6 (1.4) 74.9-80.6 1.4 (0.4) 0.6-2.1 2.4 (0.5) 1.4-3.5

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
9.6 (1.0) 7.7-11.5 8.7 (1.0) 6.8-10.7 79.7 (1.3) 77.1-82.3 1.0 (0.3) 0.4-1.5 1.0 (0.3) 0.4-1.7

Table 16: Prenatal Care Payment Source, 2004-2006

Source
Medicaid Self-pay Insurance/HMO Military Other
* Standard Error Confidence Interval

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
49.9 (1.8) 46.5-53.4 16.1 (1.4) 13.4-18.9 30.9 (1.6) 27.7-34.1 2.6 (0.6) 1.5-3.7 0.4 (0.3) 0.0-1.0

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 49.4 (1.6) 46.2-52.6 17.9 (1.4) 15.2-20.6 29.2 (1.5) 26.2-32.3
3.1 (0.6) 1.9-4.2 0.4 (0.3) 0.0-0.9

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 50.7 (1.6) 47.7-53.8 15.8 (1.3) 13.4-18.3 31.2 (1.5) 28.2-34.1
2.1 (0.5) 1.2-3.0 0.2 (0.1) 0.0-0.5

34

Table 17: Barriers to Prenatal Care, 2004-2006

Topic
Appointment availability Cost Transportation Leave Time Early Care Unavailable No Medicaid Card Child Care Too Busy Keeping Pregnancy Secret Other
* Standard Error Confidence Interval

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
8.1 (1.0) 6.2-10.1 9.6 (1.1) 7.4-11.8 5.3 (0.8) 3.6-6.9 4.2 (0.8) 2.9-5.5 4.0 (0.7) 2.6-5.4 6.5 (0.9) 4.8-8.2 5.5 (0.9) 3.7-7.2 3.2 (0.6) 2.1-4.3 6.3 (0.8) 4.7-7.9 3.5 (0.7) 2.1-4.9

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 10.4 (1.1) 8.3-12.6 11.0 (1.2) 8.8-13.3 7.0 (0.9) 5.2-8.9 4.4 (0.7) 3.0-5.7 5.2 (0.8) 3.6-6.7 8.3 (1.0) 6.4-10.2 5.0 (0.8) 3.5-6.5 5.6 (0.8) 4.0-7.1 6.9 (0.8) 5.3-8.5 4.1 (0.8) 2.6-5.6

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 10.1 (1.0) 8.1-12.1 11.4 (1.1) 9.2-13.5
7.9 (1.0) 6.0-9.8 4.2 (0.7) 2.9-5.6 6.1 (0.8) 4.5-7.6 8.7 (0.9) 6.9-10.6 5.2 (0.8) 3.7-6.7 3.4 (0.6) 2.2-4.5 6.1 (0.7) 4.6-7.5 3.0 (0.6) 2.0-4.1

35

Prenatal WIC Participation: Between 2004 and 2006, 53.3% (51.5-55.2) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia participated in WIC during their prenatal period.
The percentage of women who participated in WIC during their prenatal period appears highest among:
Black women Women younger than 20 years old Women whose highest level of education is less than high school Hispanic women Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby between 1,500 grams and 2,499 grams in their most
recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who participated in WIC during their prenatal period appears to be decreasing:
Women younger than 20 years old Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who participated in WIC during their prenatal period appears to be increasing:
No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be increasing
36

Table 18: Prenatal WIC Participation, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

51.3 (1.7) 47.9-54.7

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
54.6 (1.6) 51.4-57.9

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
53.8 (1.6) 50.8-56.9

73.0 (1.9) 41.7 (2.5) 24.2 (10.8)

69.3-76.8 70.2 (1.9) 66.6-73.9 36.9-46.6 48.2 (2.4) 43.6-52.9 3.1-45.3 20.5 (8.6) 3.7-37.3

73.4 (1.7) 43.7 (2.3) 51.3 (9.4)

70.0-76.7 39.2-48.1 32.9-69.7

89.8 (3.4) 60.1 (2.4) 27.0 (2.6) 29.4 (11.2)

83.0-96.5 55.4-64.8 21.9-32.1 7.5-51.3

86.7 (3.4) 62.4 (2.2) 32.2 (2.7) 19.7 (7.7)

80.1-93.3 58.1-66.7 26.9-37.5 4.7-34.8

82.4 (3.8) 62.4 (2.1) 28.8 (2.5) 45.5 (9.8)

74.9-89.8 58.2-66.6 23.9-33.6 26.2-64.7

78.7 (3.5) 71.0 (2.9) 46.2 (3.5) 8.5 (1.8)

71.9-85.5 65.2-76.8 39.4-53.0 5.1-12.0

85.4 (2.6) 65.0 (2.9) 54.1 (3.6) 14.4 (2.0)

80.4-90.4 59.4-70.7 47.0-61.2 10.5-18.3

81.9 (3.0) 67.9 (2.8) 47.6 (3.1) 14.4 (2.1)

75.4-87.0 62.3-73.1 41.5-53.8 10.7-19.1

69.2 (5.1) 59.2-79.2 78.8 (4.5) 70.0-87.6 67.2 (4.8) 48.8 (1.8) 45.3-52.3 51.2 (1.8) 47.7-54.6 51.7 (1.6)

57.2-75.8 48.6-54.8

82.0 (2.6) 76.1 (4.6) 62.5 (5.8) 25.9 (5.1) 7.4 (1.7)

76.9-87.1 67.1-85.0 51.1-73.8 16.0-35.9 4.1-10.7

84.9 (2.1) 80.5 (3.7) 55.1 (5.6) 30.6 (5.5) 5.8 (1.4)

80.7-89.1 73.2-87.8 44.1-66.2 19.7-41.4
2.9-8.6

82.7 (2.4) 73.8 (4.2) 60.3 (5.7) 28.5 (5.2) 7.2 (1.7)

78.0-87.4 65.6-81.9 49.1-71.5 18.3-38.7 3.9-10.4

33.3 (2.2) 29.1-37.6 35.1 (2.1) 31.0-39.2 35.7 (2.0) 80.7 (2.3) 76.2-85.2 81.6 (2.0) 77.7-85.5 77.1 (2.1)

31.7-39.7 72.9-81.2

81.9 (1.9) 78.2-85.6 82.9 (1.7) 79.6-86.1 83.0 (1.6) 12.1 (1.6) 8.9-15.3 17.5 (1.9) 13.7-21.3 16.4 (1.8)

79.8-86.2 12.8-19.9

67.1 (5.4) 57.2 (4.1) 47.4 (2.2)

56.4-77.8 70.4 (4.8) 60.9-79.9 49.2-65.1 57.9 (3.7) 50.5-65.2 43.2-51.7 51.4 (2.1) 47.3-55.4

62.8 (4.9) 61.3 (3.7) 50.1 (2.0)

53.2-72.4 54.0-68.5 46.2-54.0

56.0 (4.2) 58.3 (2.8) 50.7 (1.9)

47.9-64.2 52.9 (3.7) 45.6-60.2 52.9-63.7 65.4 (1.9) 61.7-69.2 47.0-54.4 53.9 (1.8) 50.4-57.4

55.5 (3.7) 63.0 (2.1) 53.1 (1.7)

48.2-62.8 58.9-67.2 49.7-56.4

37

Tobacco Use During Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 10.0% (8.8-11.2) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia smoked a cigarette during the last 3 months of their pregnancy. The Healthy People 2010 goal is to increase abstinence from cigarettes among pregnant women to 99%.
The percentage of women who smoked a cigarette during the last 3 months of their pregnancy appears highest among:
White women Women 20-29 years old Women whose highest level of education is less than high school Non-Hispanic women Women with a household income less than $25,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who smoked a cigarette during the last 3 months of their pregnancy appears to be decreasing: Women 40 years old and older Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who smoked a cigarette during the last 3 months of their pregnancy appears to be increasing:
No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be increasing
38

Table 19: Smoking During the Last 3 Months of Pregnancy, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
10.5 (1.1) 8.2-12.7

7.2 (1.2) 12.2 (1.6) 9.2 (7.5)

4.9-9.5 9.0-15.4 0.0-24.0

11.4 (3.6) 13.1 (1.8) 6.2 (1.5) 8.3 (6.2)

4.4-18.4 9.6-16.6 3.3-9.2 0.0-20.5

16.5 (3.0) 16.8 (2.6) 6.2 (1.9) 2.2 (1.0)

10.6-22.4 11.7-21.9
2.5-9.9 0.2-4.2

3.1 (2.1) 0.0-7.3 11.4 (1.3) 8.9-13.9

18.1 (2.6) 13.8 (4.1) 10.7 (4.2) 7.7 (3.4) 4.8 (1.5)

12.9-23.3 5.9-21.8 2.4-18.9 1.0-14.4 1.9-7.6

7.7 (1.3) 5.2-10.2 15.0 (2.2) 10.8-19.2

14.8 (1.8) 11.3-18.2 4.9 (1.2) 2.5-7.3

17.1 (4.7) 9.5 (2.5) 9.6 (1.4)

7.9-26.3 4.5-14.4 6.9-12.3

6.9 (2.2) 17.2 (3.0) 10.0 (1.2)

2.5-11.3 11.2-23.2 7.6-12.4

2005

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

10.3 (1.1) 8.2-12.4

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
9.3 (1.0) 7.3-11.2

6.9 (1.1) 12.4 (1.6) 2.8 (2.0)

4.8-9.0 4.6 (0.8) 3.0-6.2 9.3-15.4 11.8 (1.5) 8.9-14.7 0.0-2.2 8.7 (5.5) 0.0-19.5

12.9 (3.7) 13.7 (1.6) 4.1 (1.2) 5.9 (4.9)

5.7-20.0 10.5-16.9
1.7-6.4 0.0-15.5

8.0 (2.7) 12.1 (1.5) 5.7 (1.3) 1.1 (0.7)

2.8-13.3 9.0-15.1 3.1-8.3 0.0-2.5

18.7 (2.9) 11.1 (2.0) 11.5 (2.4) 1.3 (0.7)

13.0-24.4 7.1-15.0 6.7-16.3 0.0-2.8

18.4 (2.9) 10.1 (1.9) 6.0 (1.6) 1.8 (0.9)

13.4-24.8 7.0-14.3 3.6-10.0 0.6-4.9

1.5 (1.4) 11.6 (1.3)

0.0-4.3 3.6 (1.9) 1.2-10.1 9.1-14.1 10.2 (1.1) 8.3-12.6

14.7 (2.2) 17.1 (3.9) 8.2 (2.9) 10.6 (4.3) 3.0 (1.1)

10.4-19.0 9.3-24.8 2.4-13.9 2.2-18.9 0.8-5.1

11.9 (2.0) 14.2 (3.5) 8.6 (3.6) 5.3 (2.6) 3.5 (1.2)

8.1-15.7 7.4-21.0 1.5-15.7 0.2-10.4 1.1-5.8

6.6 (1.1) 15.4 (2.0)

4.5-8.8 7.7 (1.2) 5.4-10.1 11.5-19.3 11.3 (1.6) 8.0-14.5

13.7 (1.6) 6.0 (1.3)

10.5-16.8 14.2 (1.6) 11.1-17.2 3.5-8.5 3.0 (0.8) 1.3-4.6

14.6 (4.0) 8.9 (2.2) 9.6 (1.3)

6.9-22.4 4.8 (1.9) 1.1-8.6 4.5-13.2 10.8 (2.7) 5.6-16.0 7.0-12.2 8.4 (1.2) 6.1-10.8

12.1 (2.5) 15.2 (1.5) 9.9 (1.2)

7.2-17.0 12.5 (2.5) 7.5-17.5 12.3-18.1 13.1 (1.3) 10.6-15.6 7.6-12.2 8.9 (1.1) 6.8-11.0

39

HIV Testing During Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 78.9% (77.2-80.5) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia were tested for HIV during their pregnancy.
The percentage of women who were tested for HIV during their pregnancy appears highest among:
Black women Women younger than 30 years old Women whose highest level of education is less than completion of college Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who were tested for HIV during their pregnancy appears to be decreasing: No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be decreasing Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who were tested for HIV during their pregnancy appears to be increasing: Women whose highest level of education is some college
40

Table 20: HIV Testing During Pregnancy, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

76.6 (1.6) 73.5-79.8

89.4 (1.4) 70.3 (2.3) 73.9 (10.1)

86.7-92.1 65.7-74.9 54.1-93.7

80.7 (5.0) 83.0 (2.0) 66.9 (3.0) 57.1 (12.4)

70.9-90.5 79.1-86.8 61.0-72.8 32.8-81.4

84.4 (3.2) 78.3 (2.9) 76.5 (3.4) 66.8 (3.5)

78.0-90.7 72.7-83.9 69.9-83.1 59.9-73.8

77.6 (5.2) 67.3-87.9 76.8 (1.7) 73.5-80.1

82.9 (2.7) 72.8 (5.3) 82.0 (5.2) 72.4 (5.7) 66.9 (3.3)

77.7-88.1 62.4-83.2 71.7-92.2 61.2-83.5 60.4-73.4

72.1 (2.2) 67.9-76.3 84.1 (2.4) 79.4-88.7

83.5 (1.9) 79.8-87.2 67.6 (2.7) 62.4-72.9

83.3 (4.5) 81.8 (3.4) 74.2 (2.0)

74.5-92.2 75.1-88.6 70.1-78.2

86.1 (2.9) 78.9 (3.5) 76.3 (1.7)

80.3-91.8 72.0-85.8 72.9-79.7

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

78.5 (1.5) 75.6-81.4

90.4 (1.2) 71.5 (2.2) 86.7 (6.4)

88.1-92.7 67.1-75.9 74.2-99.2

80.2 (4.5) 80.1 (1.9) 75.3 (2.7) 79.3 (9.9)

71.4-88.9 76.3-83.9 70.0-80.5 59.8-98.8

86.5 (2.9) 77.2 (2.7) 79.2 (3.2) 72.7 (3.1)

80.7-92.2 71.9-82.5 73.0-85.5 66.7-78.7

67.3 (6.1) 79.4 (1.6)

55.3-79.4 76.3-82.4

81.4 (2.7) 82.6 (3.9) 80.3 (4.9) 71.5 (5.7) 71.6 (3.1)

76.2-86.6 74.9-90.2 70.8-89.9 60.3-82.6 65.5-77.7

73.2 (2.1) 85.9 (2.0)

69.2-77.3 82.1-89.8

85.0 (1.7) 70.4 (2.4)

81.5-88.4 65.6-75.2

74.3 (5.5) 78.1 (3.4) 78.9 (1.8)

63.6-85.0 71.6-84.7 75.3-82.5

82.3 (2.9) 82.7 (1.8) 78.1 (1.6)

76.5-88.0 79.2-86.2 75.0-81.2

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
81.1 (1.3) 78.5-83.7

90.8 (1.2) 88.5-93.1 76.2 (2.0) 72.3-80.1 76.7 (8.9) 59.2-94.2

84.2 (3.7) 84.1 (1.7) 75.4 (2.6) 71.5 (9.2)

76.9-91.5 80.7-87.5 70.4-80.5 53.5-89.4

86.8 (2.7) 83.1 (2.4) 83.0 (2.6) 71.4 (3.2)

80.5-91.3 77.8-87.2 77.3-87.4 65.0-77.3

87.6 (3.5) 78.9-93.0 80.0 (1.4) 77.0-82.7

85.4 (2.3) 80.8 (3.9) 81.5 (5.2) 78.4 (5.3) 69.4 (3.2)

80.9-89.8 73.2-88.4 71.3-91.8 68.0-88.8 63.2-75.6

74.8 (2.0) 70.8-78.7 88.9 (1.7) 85.6-92.2

85.3 (1.6) 82.1-88.5 75.4 (2.2) 71.0-79.8

88.3 (3.4) 81.7-95.0 82.6 (3.0) 76.6-88.5 79.9 (1.7) 76.5-83.3

81.3 (3.0) 75.4-87.3 82.5 (1.8) 79.0-86.0 81.0 (1.5) 78.1-83.8

41

Physical Abuse During Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 4.1% (3.4-4.9) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia experienced physical abuse during pregnancy.
The percentage of women who experienced physical abuse during pregnancy appears highest among:
Black women Women younger than 30 years old Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who experienced physical abuse during pregnancy appears to be decreasing: Black women Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school Hispanic women Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who experienced physical abuse during pregnancy appears to be increasing: No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be increasing
42

Table 21: Physical Abuse During Pregnancy, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

4.4 (0.7) 3.0-5.7

7.7 (1.2) 2.5 (0.8) 8.8 (7.5)

5.3-10.0 0.9-4.1 0.0-23.6

9.0 (3.1) 5.1 (1.0) 2.0 (0.8) 0.0 (0.0)

3.0-15.0 3.2-7.1 0.4-3.6
---

6.6 (1.7) 6.2 (1.5) 4.1 (1.4) 0.4 (0.3)

3.3-9.9 3.2-9.2 1.3-6.9 0.0-1.0

6.8 (2.9) 3.9 (0.6)

1.1-12.4 2.7-5.2

7.8 (1.6) 5.0 (2.3) 4.2 (2.1) 3.7 (2.0) 0.6 (0.4)

4.6-11.0 0.4-9.5 0.1-8.3 0.0-7.7 0.0-1.4

1.5 (0.5) 8.9 (1.5)

0.5-2.5 5.9-11.9

6.8 (1.1) 1.2 (0.5)

4.6-9.1 0.3-2.1

7.5 (3.0) 6.4 (1.9) 3.0 (0.7)

1.5-13.4 2.6-10.2 1.6-4.4

6.3 (2.0) 6.2 (2.1) 4.2 (0.7)

2.3-10.3 2.2-10.3 2.8-5.6

2005

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

4.2 (0.6)

3.0-5.4

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
3.7 (0.6) 2.5-4.8

6.8 (1.0) 3.0 (0.8) 0.6 (0.4)

4.8-8.8 1.4-4.7 0.0-1.4

5.0 (0.9) 2.8 (0.8) 4.9 (4.5)

3.3-6.8 1.3-4.3 0.0-13.8

5.3 (1.9) 6.2 (1.1) 0.7 (0.3) 0.0 (0.0)

1.5-9.1 4.1-8.3 0.0-1.4
---

8.3 (2.6) 3.6 (0.7) 2.1 (0.9) 0.4 (0.4)

3.2-13.4 2.2-5.1 0.3-3.8 0.0-1.0

7.2 (1.9) 4.6 (1.1) 5.1 (1.5) 0.6 (0.3)

3.5-11.0 2.5-6.8 2.2-8.1 0.0-1.2

7.2 (1.9) 3.9 (1.1) 3.5 (1.1) 0.7 (0.4)

4.3-12.0 2.3-6.8 1.9-6.3 0.2-1.9

5.7 (2.7) 3.2 (0.5)

0.5-10.9 2.7 (1.8) 0.7-9.7 2.2-4.2 3.9 (0.6) 2.8-5.3

9.9 (1.8) 3.5 (1.3) 2.4 (1.2) 1.0 (0.8) 0.1 (0.0)

6.4-13.4 1.0-6.1 0.1-4.6 0.0-2.5 0.0-0.2

8.1 (1.6) 4.1 (1.9) 4.6 (1.8) 0.6 (0.3) 0.3 (0.2)

4.9-11.3 0.3-7.8 1.0-8.2 0.0-1.1 0.0-0.7

1.7 (0.4) 7.7 (1.4)

0.8-2.5 1.6 (0.5) 0.6-2.7 5.1-10.4 6.3 (1.2) 4.0-8.6

6.1 (1.0) 1.7 (0.7)

4.2-8.1 5.9 (1.0) 3.9-7.8 0.4-3.0 0.9 (0.4) 0.0-1.7

8.6 (3.0) 3.3 (1.3) 4.1 (0.8)

2.7-14.5 0.7-5.9 2.5-5.6

0.8 (0.3) 2.8 (1.1) 3.9 (0.8)

0.2-1.3 0.7-4.9 2.4-5.4

4.9 (1.6) 6.0 (0.9) 4.1 (0.7)

1.7-8.2 4.2-7.8 2.7-5.4

6.3 (1.8) 5.3 (0.8) 3.5 (0.6)

2.8-9.7 3.7-7.0 2.2-4.8

43

Flu Vaccination During Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 14.5% (13.1-15.9) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia received a flu vaccination during pregnancy.
The percentage of women who received a flu vaccination during pregnancy appears highest among:
Women who did not complete high school or women who completed college Women with a household income of $50,000 or higher during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who received a flu vaccination during pregnancy appears to be decreasing: No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be decreasing Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who received a flu vaccination during pregnancy appears to be increasing: Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school Women with a household income less than $25,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery
44

Table 22: Flu Vaccination During Pregnancy, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

10.4 (1.1) 8.2-12.6

2005

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

16.9 (1.3) 14.4-19.5

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
15.5 (1.2) 13.2-17.9

9.2 (1.3) 10.7 (1.5) 14.0 (9.0)

6.6-11.9 7.8-13.7 0.0-31.5

15.2 (1.5) 17.8 (1.8) 16.7 (7.0)

12.3-18.1 12.8 (1.3) 10.1-15.4 14.3-21.4 17.3 (1.7) 14.0-20.7 2.9-30.4 10.8 (5.5) 0.0-21.7

18.1 (4.3) 8.4 (1.4) 11.5 (2.1) 6.0 (5.4)

9.7-26.5 5.8-11.1 7.4-15.6 0.0-16.6

18.6 (4.1) 14.3 (1.6) 21.3 (2.4) 4.6 (3.7)

10.5-26.7 11.1-17.5 16.5-26.1 0.0-11.8

20.2 (3.8) 11.9 (1.4) 19.4 (2.3) 21.3 (8.4)

12.8-27.7 9.1-14.7 14.8-24.0 4.7-37.8

13.8 (2.8) 7.8 (1.7) 4.1 (1.4) 16.0 (2.7)

8.2-19.3 4.5-11.1 1.4-6.8 10.6-21.4

20.0 (3.1) 10.9 (1.8) 13.9 (2.6) 22.3 (2.8)

13.8-26.1 7.4-14.5 8.8-19.1 16.9-27.8

15.3 (2.7) 11.7 (1.9) 13.7 (2.3) 20.8 (2.8)

10.7-21.3 8.5-15.8 9.8-18.9 15.9-26.8

6.3 (2.9) 11.3 (1.2)

0.7-11.9 8.9-13.7

21.0 (4.7) 11.7-30.3 18.9 (4.2) 12.1-28.5 15.7 (1.4) 13.0-18.4 15.1 (1.2) 12.8-17.6

10.4 (2.1) 7.7 (2.9) 7.5 (3.0) 6.4 (2.9) 14.4 (2.4)

6.2-14.6 1.9-13.4 1.7-13.3 0.7-12.2 9.7-19.1

12.2 (2.0) 10.2 (3.1) 12.1 (3.5) 17.5 (4.7) 24.5 (2.9)

8.3-16.1 4.1-16.3 5.3-18.9 8.2-26.8 18.8-30.3

13.8 (2.1) 13.9 (3.2) 11.8 (3.7) 14.4 (4.4) 19.2 (2.6)

9.7-18.0 7.6-20.2 4.5-19.0 5.8-23.0 14.2-24.2

10.3 (1.5) 10.6 (1.7)

7.5-13.2 7.2-14.0

17.6 (1.7) 14.5-21.0 15.9 (1.6) 12.8-19.1 16.0 (1.9) 12.2-19.8 15.1 (1.8) 11.6-18.6

9.0 (1.4) 12.3 (1.8)

6.3-11.7 8.7-15.8

12.7 (1.5) 9.8-15.6 12.6 (1.4) 9.8-15.4 22.0 (2.2) 17.7-26.2 19.0 (2.0) 15.2-22.9

13.7 (4.1) 12.0 (2.8) 9.4 (1.3)

5.6-21.7 6.5-17.6 6.8-12.0

14.9 (4.0) 15.2 (2.7) 17.3 (1.7)

7.1-22.7 17.4 (3.7) 10.1-24.6 9.8-20.5 13.0 (2.7) 7.8-18.2 14.1-20.6 16.3 (1.5) 13.3-19.3

7.9 (2.3) 8.0 (1.1) 10.7 (1.2)

3.4-12.5 5.8-10.2 8.3-13.0

9.4 (2.1) 14.4 (1.4) 17.3 (1.4)

5.2-13.6 11.5 (2.4) 6.8-16.2 11.7-17.2 15.8 (1.5) 12.9-18.7 14.5-20.0 15.6 (1.3) 13.0-18.1

45

Table 23: Barriers to Receiving Flu Vaccination During Pregnancy, 2004-2006

Topic
First trimester during flu season Worried about harming the baby Don't normally receive Wasn't pregnant during flu season Worried about side effects of vaccine Doctor didn't mention Other
* Standard Error Confidence Interval

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

26.7 (1.8) 23.3-30.1

31.1 (1.8) 27.5-34.6

60.4 (1.9) 56.6-64.2

23.8 (1.7) 20.6-27.1

28.8 (1.8) 25.3-32.2

47.3 (1.9) 43.4-51.1 9.8 (1.3) 7.3-12.3

2005 Weighted 95%CI
% (s.e.)*
25.0 (1.7) 21.7-28.3
33.0 (1.8) 29.4-36.6
64.3 (1.9) 60.6-67.9
23.2 (1.7) 19.9-26.4
30.2 (1.8) 26.7-33.7
52.4 (1.9) 48.6-56.1 8.8 (1.3) 6.3-11.3

2006 Weighted 95%CI
% (s.e.)*
25.2 (1.6) 22.0-28.3
28.1 (1.7) 24.8-31.3
69.4 (1.7) 66.1-72.6
24.2 (1.6) 21.1-27.3
27.1 (1.6) 23.9-30.3
44.5 (1.8) 41.0-48.0 6.2 (0.9) 4.3-8.0

46

Group B Strep Testing During Pregnancy: Between 2004 and 2006, 87.5% (86.0-88.9) of
women who delivered a live birth in Georgia were tested for Group B Strep during their pregnancy.
The percentage of women who were tested for Group B Strep during their pregnancy appears highest among:
Women whose highest level of education is some college or higher Non-Hispanic women Married women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby 2,500 grams or higher in their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who were tested for Group B Strep during their pregnancy appears to be decreasing: Women whose race is other than Black or White Women with a household income between $15,000 and $24,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who were tested for Group B Strep during their pregnancy appears to be increasing:
Women 40 years old or older
47

Table 24: Group B Strep Testing, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004

Weighted

95%CI

% (s.e.)*

87.8 (1.4) 85.2-90.5

2005 Weighted 95%CI
% (s.e.)*
88.1 (1.3) 14.4-19.5

2006 Weighted 95%CI
% (s.e.)*
86.8 (1.3) 84.3-89.3

86.4 (1.8) 88.1 (1.8) 96.4 (1.8)

82.9-89.9 84.5-91.7 92.8-99.9

89.0 (1.5) 87.9 (1.7) 84.7 (8.2)

86.1-91.9 85.3 (1.6) 82.0-88.5 84.5-91.2 88.0 (1.7) 84.6-91.3 68.6-100.0 78.0 (9.5) 59.3-96.6

78.9 (5.6) 88.5 (1.9) 89.3 (2.1) 79.7 (11.7)

67.9-90.0 84.8-92.1 85.2-93.4 56.7-100.0

83.7 (5.1) 86.7 (1.8) 91.1 (1.8) 86.8 (6.6)

73.6-93.8 83.1-90.3 87.6-94.7 73.8-99.8

76.8 (4.9) 87.3 (1.7) 88.8 (2.0) 95.6 (1.8)

67.1-86.4 83.9-90.6 84.9-92.7 92.0-99.2

67.8 (5.4) 90.0 (2.1) 93.8 (1.7) 93.2 (1.8)

57.3-78.3 85.8-94.2 90.5-97.2 89.7-96.8

71.5 (4.7) 86.5 (2.4) 93.9 (1.6) 95.9 (1.2)

62.3-80.7 81.9-91.1 90.9-97.0 93.5-98.3

66.3 (4.5) 86.8 (2.2) 93.7 (1.6) 95.0 (1.3)

60.0-74.4 81.8-90.6 89.7-96.2 91.7-97.0

53.5 (8.3) 90.9 (1.1)

37.2-69.8 46.6 (8.5) 30.0-63.3 58.2 (6.6) 45.0-70.3 88.7-93.1 91.9 (1.1) 89.8-94.0 90.4 (1.0) 88.2-92.2

79.2 (3.4) 95.0 (2.6) 90.0 (4.4) 92.7 (3.0) 93.7 (1.6)

72.5-86.0 89.8-100.0 81.4-98.5 86.8-98.6 90.5-96.9

80.6 (3.0) 88.8 (4.0) 93.9 (2.4) 93.7 (3.3) 94.3 (1.5)

74.8-86.5 81.0-96.6 89.2-98.5 87.3-100.0 91.3-97.2

77.1 (3.0) 86.0 (3.7) 90.6 (4.0) 94.7 (2.3) 94.9 (1.3)

71.1-83.0 78.6-93.3 82.7-98.5 90.2-99.2 92.4-97.4

89.8 (1.6) 83.6 (2.6)

86.7-92.9 91.1 (1.3) 88.5-93.8 91.2 (1.3) 88.5-93.8 78.4-88.7 82.5 (2.5) 77.6-87.5 80.5 (2.4) 75.9-85.1

82.6 (2.3) 92.6 (1.4)

78.1-87.2 84.3 (2.0) 80.3-88.3 80.3 (2.1) 76.2-84.4 89.7-95.4 91.5 (1.5) 88.5-94.5 93.7 (1.2) 91.3-96.0

83.9 (5.0) 87.9 (3.4) 89.3 (1.6)

74.2-93.7 81.2-94.6 86.2-92.4

86.4 (4.3) 90.9 (2.7) 89.7 (1.5)

77.9-94.9 85.6-96.2 86.9-92.6

78.9 (4.4) 70.3-87.6 88.5 (2.8) 82.9-94.0 89.9 (1.5) 87.0-92.8

49.5 (5.8) 71.4 (2.8) 89.3 (1.5)

38.2-60.8 65.9-76.8 86.5-92.2

51.6 (5.2) 73.5 (2.3) 89.5 (1.3)

41.1-61.7 68.9-78.1 86.8-92.1

52.3 (5.0) 42.4-62.1 73.0 (2.7) 67.7-78.2 88.1 (1.3) 85.5-90.8

48

Table 25: Maternal Problems During Pregnancy, 2004-2006

Topic
Diabetes Before Pregnancy Diabetes During Pregnancy Vaginal Bleeding Kidney/Bladder Infection Nausea/Vomiting Incompetent Cervix High Blood Pressure Placenta Problems Preterm Labor Premature Rupture of Membrane Blood Transfusion Car Crash Injury
* Standard Error Confidence Interval

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 2.7 (0.6) 1.5-3.9 7.8 (1.0) 5.9-9.7 13.5 (1.2) 11.2-15.8 20.9 (1.5) 18.1-23.8 30.5 (1.6) 27.3-33.7 2.7 (0.5) 1.6-3.7 12.4 (1.1) 10.2-14.5 4.8 (0.7) 3.4-6.2 19.2 (1.3) 16.6-21.9 5.8 (0.7) 4.3-7.2

2005 Weighted 95%CI
% (s.e.)* 1.7 (0.4) 0.9-2.5 6.9 (0.8) 5.3-8.6 14.8 (1.2) 12.6-17.1 21.6 (1.4) 18.8-24.3 32.0 (1.6) 29.0-35.1 1.8 (0.4) 1.0-2.5 13.7 (1.1) 11.6-15.9 6.1 (0.8) 4.5-7.6 22.2 (1.3) 19.6-24.8 5.9 (0.6) 4.7-7.2

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 1.3 (0.3) 0.7-2.0 8.5 (0.9) 6.8-10.3 13.9 (1.1) 11.8-16.0 21.7 (1.3) 19.2-24.3 31.5 (1.5) 28.6-34.4 2.4 (0.4) 1.5-3.2 12.9 (1.0) 11.0-14.8 4.0 (0.5) 2.9-5.0 18.7 (1.2) 16.4-21.0 5.0 (0.6) 4.0-6.1

1.1 (0.3) 1.6 (0.4)

0.4-1.7 0.6 (0.3) 0.8-2.5 2.4 (0.5)

0.2-1.2 1.5-3.3

0.9 (0.2) 2.3 (0.4)

0.4-1.4 1.5-3.2

49

Delivery and Postpartum Period
Neonatal Intensive Care: Between 2004 and 2006, 11.6% (10.6-12.7) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia had their baby placed in an intensive care unit (ICU).
The percentage of women who experienced the placement of their baby in an intensive care unit appears highest among:
Black women Non-Hispanic women Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who experienced the placement of their baby in an intensive care unit appears to be decreasing: Women whose race is other than Black or White Women younger than 20 years old Women whose highest level of education is less than high school Hispanic women Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who experienced the placement of their baby in an intensive care unit appears to be increasing: Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school Women with a household income between $15,000 and $24,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery
50

Table 26: Infant in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
11.8 (1.0) 9.8-13.8

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
11.9 (0.9) 10.1-13.8

2006 Weighted 95%CI
% (s.e.)*
11.1 (0.8) 9.4-12.7

13.8 (1.3) 10.6 (1.4) 19.8 (9.0)

11.3-16.3 7.9-13.3 2.1-37.5

12.3 (1.0) 11.7 (1.3) 13.2 (5.9)

10.3-14.3 9.1-14.3 1.6-24.7

13.1 (1.1) 11.0-15.2 10.3 (1.2) 7.9-12.6 6.3 (3.7) 0.0-13.5

25.2 (4.8) 8.8 (1.1) 11.9 (1.8) 16.5 (7.5)

15.8-34.6 6.7-11.0 8.4-15.4 1.7-31.2

13.5 (3.0) 11.9 (1.3) 11.8 (1.7) 5.0 (2.0)

7.7-19.3 9.4-14.5 8.5-15.0 1.2-8.9

11.2 (2.4) 10.5 (1.2) 11.9 (1.5) 11.2 (5.5)

6.5-15.9 0.2-12.8 8.9-14.9 0.4-22.0

17.9 (3.0) 10.0 (1.6) 9.8 (1.9) 10.3 (1.9)

12.1-23.7 7.0-13.1 6.1-13.4 6.6-14.0

11.6 (2.0) 10.5 (1.5) 14.2 (2.2) 11.1 (1.9)

7.6-15.5 7.6-13.4 9.8-18.5 7.3-14.8

10.1 (1.9) 11.1 (1.5) 11.2 (1.7) 10.0 (1.7)

7.0-14.5 8.4-14.4 8.2-15.1 7.7-13.7

11.4 (3.4) 11.7 (1.0)

4.7-18.1 8.2 (2.4) 3.4-12.9 6.8 (2.1) 3.7-12.4 9.6-13.7 12.6 (1.1) 10.5-14.7 11.7 (0.9) 10.0-13.6

12.0 (1.8) 8.2 (2.1) 11.3 (3.4) 14.9 (4.1) 10.0 (1.8)

8.4-15.6 4.0-12.3 4.6-18.0 6.9-22.9 6.5-13.6

13.2 (1.7) 10.8 (2.6) 7.9 (2.0) 14.1 (3.6) 14.1 (2.2)

9.9-16.6 5.8-15.8 4.0-11.8 6.9-21.2 9.8-18.5

11.3 (1.6) 11.7 (2.7) 7.9 (1.8) 15.6 (3.9) 9.7 (1.6)

8.2-14.4 6.5-16.9 4.4-11.3 8.0-23.2 6.5-12.9

9.7 (1.2) 15.1 (1.9)

7.4-12.1 12.1 (1.3) 11.4-18.7 11.7 (1.4)

9.6-14.6 10.9 (1.2) 8.6-13.2 8.9-14.5 11.3 (1.2) 8.8-13.7

11.9 (1.4) 11.7 (1.5)

9.2-14.6 11.8 (1.2) 9.5-14.2 11.2 (1.1) 9.0-13.4 8.6-14.7 12.2 (1.5) 9.2-15.2 10.9 (1.3) 8.3-13.5

13.6 (3.6) 7.1 (1.8) 12.7 (1.3)

6.6-20.7 3.6-10.7 10.1-15.3

5.9 (1.6) 13.1 (2.5) 12.8 (1.2)

2.8-8.9 8.3-18.0 10.4-15.1

12.0 (3.2) 6.4 (1.5) 11.6 (1.1)

5.8-18.2 3.6-9.3 9.4-13.8

85.7 (3.0) 43.9 (3.0) 8.2 (1.1)

79.8-91.6 38.1-49.8 6.1-10.3

82.9 (2.8) 43.9 (2.1) 8.2 (1.0)

77.3-88.5 39.8-48.0 6.2-10.2

80.6 (3.3) 74.2-87.0 41.4 (2.1) 37.3-45.4 7.4 (0.9) 5.6-9.2

51

Low Birthweight Delivery: Between 2004 and 2006, 8.5% (8.2-8.8) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia experienced a low birthweight delivery (<2,500 grams).The Healthy People 2010 goal is to reduce the percentage of low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight infants a (VLBW) born each year to 5%.
The percentage of women who experienced a low birthweight delivery appears highest among:
Black women Women younger than 20 years old Non-Hispanic women Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who experienced a low birthweight delivery appears to be decreasing: Women whose race is other than Black or White Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who experienced a low birthweight delivery appears to be increasing: Women 40 years old or older Women with a household income between $25,000 and $34,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery Women with intermediate adequacy of prenatal care
52

Table 27: Women Who Delivered a Low Birthweight Infant, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI

% (s.e.)*

8.4 (0.3)

7.7-9.0

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
8.5 (0.1) 8.3-8.8

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
8.8 (0.2) 8.3-9.2

13.0 (0.3) 6.0 (0.5) 12.2 (3.4)

12.4-13.6 5.1-6.9 5.5-18.9

13.4 (0.3) 6.0 (0.1) 10.2 (2.5)

12.7-14.1 5.7-6.3 5.4-15.1

13.3 (0.5) 12.2-14.3 6.3 (0.2) 5.8-6.7 5.0 (1.4) 2.3-7.7

13.5 (2.4) 8.0 (0.5) 7.2 (0.6) 9.2 (2.7)

8.8-18.3 7.1-9.0 6.0-8.4 3.9-14.5

13.0 (1.6) 8.3 (0.4) 7.2 (0.5) 10.5 (3.3)

9.8-16.2 7.6-9.0 6.3-8.2 4.0-16.9

10.1 (1.1) 8.7 (0.4) 8.0 (0.6) 13.9 (3.7)

7.9-12.4 7.8-9.6 6.8-9.2 6.6-21.1

10.2 (1.3) 8.9 (0.7) 7.7 (0.9) 6.7 (0.8)

7.7-12.6 7.6-10.2 5.9-9.5 5.1-8.2

10.1 (0.9) 9.6 (0.7) 8.1 (0.7) 6.1 (0.5)

8.4-11.9 8.3-10.9 6.7-9.5 5.0-7.2

9.3 (0.9) 9.6 (0.7) 8.3 (0.9) 6.8 (0.6)

7.7-11.3 8.3-10.9 6.8-10.2 5.8-7.9

6.2 (1.6) 8.8 (0.3)

3.0-9.4 8.2-9.4

6.6 (1.0) 9.0 (0.2)

4.6-8.5 8.5-9.4

5.8 (0.8) 4.5-7.6 9.0 (0.3) 8.4-9.6

10.8 (1.0) 10.0 (1.7) 6.2 (1.0) 7.4 (1.2) 5.7 (0.7)

8.8-12.8 6.7-13.3 4.2-8.2 5.1-9.6 4.4-7.0

10.9 (0.7) 7.9 (1.0) 7.0 (1.1) 7.7 (1.2) 5.5 (0.5)

9.5-12.3 5.8-9.9 4.9-9.1 5.2-10.1 4.6-6.4

10.7 (0.7) 7.6 (1.1) 9.0 (1.3) 10.1 (1.8) 7.0 (0.7)

9.3-12.1 5.5-9.7 6.4-11.6 6.6-13.7 5.7-8.3

6.6 (0.4) 11.2 (0.8)

5.8-7.4 6.9 (0.3) 6.4-7.5 7.2 (0.4) 6.5-7.9 9.6-12.8 10.7 (0.6) 9.6-11.9 10.4 (0.6) 9.3-11.5

9.7 (0.6) 6.7 (0.5)

8.5-10.8 10.5 (0.4) 9.6-11.3 10.1 (0.5) 9.2-11.0 5.7-7.7 6.0 (0.3) 5.3-6.7 7.1 (0.5) 6.2-8.0

11.8 (2.6) 5.0 (0.6) 8.4 (0.4)

6.6-17.0 3.8-6.2 7.6-9.2

8.6 (1.2) 5.3 (0.7) 9.2 (0.3)

6.1-11.0 3.9-6.6 8.7-9.8

10.3 (1.3) 7.7-12.9 7.2 (1.0) 5.2-9.1 8.7 (0.3) 8.0-9.3

53

Mothers who breastfed baby at any time: Between 2004 and 2006, 69.1% (67.4-70.8) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia breastfed their baby for any length of time. The Healthy People 2010 goal is to increase the percentage of mothers who ever breastfeed their babies to 75%.
The percentage of women who breastfed their baby for any length of time appears highest among:
White women and women whose race is other than Black or White Women 30 years older or older Women whose highest level of education is completion of college Hispanic women Women with a household income $35,000 or higher during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Married women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby less than 1,500 grams or 2,500 grams or higher in
their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who breastfed their baby for any length of time appears to be decreasing:
Women whose race is other than Black or White Hispanic women Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who breastfed their baby for any length of time appears to be increasing: Women with a household income between $35,000 and $49,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery
54

Table 28: Ever Breastfed, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
70.2 (1.6) 67.1-73.3

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
67.3 (1.6) 64.3-70.4

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
69.8 (1.4) 67.0-72.7

55.8 (2.2) 76.1 (2.1) 96.9 (1.4)

51.5-60.2 72.0-80.3 94.2-99.6

55.8 (2.1) 72.5 (2.1) 78.0 (8.8)

51.8-59.9 58.5 (2.0) 54.6-62.4 68.3-76.7 75.5 (2.0) 71.5-79.4 60.6-95.3 73.7 (8.4) 57.2-90.2

42.1 (5.4) 70.8 (2.1) 77.0 (2.6) 87.4 (6.4)

31.6-52.6 66.7-74.9 72.0-82.0 74.8-99.9

56.3 (5.0) 64.2 (2.2) 76.1 (2.5) 73.6 (10.0)

46.6-66.1 59.9-68.5 71.3-81.0 53.9-93.3

57.9 (4.6) 67.2 (2.0) 77.7 (2.3) 87.6 (6.1)

48.9-66.9 63.2-71.2 73.2-82.2 75.6-99.7

59.7 (3.9) 60.5 (3.1) 77.4 (2.9) 85.3 (2.5)

52.0-67.4 54.4-66.6 71.7-83.2 80.3-90.3

56.7 (3.8) 62.1 (2.9) 68.0 (3.4) 82.9 (2.5)

49.3-64.1 56.4-67.7 61.3-74.7 78.0-87.7

56.2 (3.7) 64.9 (2.7) 74.0 (2.8) 85.2 (2.4)

48.9-63.2 59.5-69.9 68.1-79.0 79.9-89.2

90.3 (3.4) 83.7-97.0 81.3 (4.5) 72.5-90.1 78.4 (4.3) 68.8-85.7 66.8 (1.7) 63.4-70.2 64.8 (1.8) 61.3-68.2 68.5 (1.5) 65.4-71.4

61.3 (3.1) 69.1 (4.9) 69.1 (5.6) 75.7 (5.4) 83.1 (2.5)

55.2-67.4 59.5-78.8 58.0-80.1 65.2-86.2 78.1-88.0

58.0 (3.0) 65.4 (4.7) 71.3 (5.2) 80.0 (5.2) 81.0 (2.6)

52.1-64.0 56.2-74.6 61.1-81.4 69.7-90.3 76.0-86.1

57.8 (2.9) 73.7 (4.0) 70.8 (5.4) 84.2 (4.2) 84.8 (2.3)

52.0-63.6 66.0-81.5 60.1-81.5 76.0-92.4 80.2-89.3

79.8 (1.9) 76.2-83.4 76.3 (1.9) 72.6-80.0 77.8 (1.8) 74.3-81.3 54.6 (2.8) 49.2-60.1 54.8 (2.6) 49.7-59.8 59.4 (2.4) 54.8-64.1

59.3 (2.3) 54.8-63.8 57.5 (2.2) 53.2-61.9 61.8 (2.0) 57.8-65.8 84.2 (2.0) 80.3-88.0 79.9 (2.1) 75.8-83.9 80.1 (2.0) 76.3-83.9

62.9 (5.5) 73.1 (3.5) 70.6 (2.0)

52.0-73.8 66.2-79.9 66.8-74.5

68.2 (5.0) 66.9 (3.5) 67.5 (2.0)

58.3-78.1 62.2 (4.7) 52.9-71.5 60.0-73.9 61.2 (3.7) 54.1-68.6 63.6-71.3 72.5 (1.8) 69.0-76.1

71.5 (4.4) 59.9 (3.1) 71.0 (1.7)

62.8-80.1 53.8-66.0 67.7-74.3

67.7 (4.0) 64.3 (2.1) 67.6 (1.7)

60.0-75.5 79.8 (3.4) 73.2-86.4 60.2-68.4 64.1 (2.1) 60.0-68.2 64.2-70.9 70.1 (1.6) 67.0-73.2

55

Bed-Sharing: Between 2004 and 2006, 50.6% (48.7-52.5) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia reported that their new baby sleeps in the same bed with them or someone else.
The percentage of women who reported that their new baby sleeps in the same bed with them or someone else appears highest among:
Black women Women younger than 20 years old Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school or less Hispanic women Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby between 1,500 grams and 2,499 grams in their most
recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who reported that their new baby sleeps in the same bed with them or someone else appears to be decreasing:
Women with intermediate adequacy of prenatal care Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who reported that their new baby sleeps in the same bed with them or someone else appears to be increasing:
Women whose race is other than Black or White Women 40 years old or older Women with a household income between $35,000 and $49,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery
56

Table 29: Bed-sharing, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
50.6 (1.8) 47.2-54.1

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
51.0 (1.7) 47.7-54.3

2006 Weighted 95%CI
% (s.e.)*
50.2 (1.6) 47.1-53.3

67.5 (2.1) 42.8 (2.5) 46.2 (12.4)

63.3-71.6 37.9-47.6 21.8-70.6

64.7 (2.0) 44.2 (2.4) 52.7 (10.4)

60.8-68.6 67.4 (1.9) 63.7-71.1 39.5-48.8 40.7 (2.3) 36.2-45.2 32.3-73.2 55.7 (9.3) 37.4-74.0

68.5 (5.2) 53.2 (2.5) 41.7 (3.0) 39.9 (11.6)

58.3-78.7 48.3-58.0 35.8-47.6 17.1-62.8

69.5 (4.9) 54.6 (2.3) 38.7 (2.9) 41.9 (11.8)

59.9-79.1 50.1-59.1 33.1-44.3 18.8-65.0

60.7 (4.6) 51.2 (2.2) 43.6 (2.8) 63.1 (9.7)

51.5-69.8 46.8-55.5 38.1-49.0 44.0-82.2

58.2 (4.2) 57.2 (3.2) 48.5 (3.6) 37.6 (3.4)

50.1-66.4 50.8-63.5 41.5-55.5 30.9-44.3

62.5 (3.7) 56.3 (3.0) 48.3 (3.7) 37.0 (3.2)

55.2-69.8 50.4-62.2 41.0-55.5 30.8-43.3

60.1 (4.9) 59.2 (2.9) 47.2 (3.2) 34.1 (3.1)

52.7-67.1 53.4-64.7 41.0-53.5 28.4-40.4

70.5 (5.2) 60.4-80.6 72.4 (5.0) 62.5-82.2 64.0 (5.0) 53.8-73.1 47.6 (1.8) 44.0-51.2 48.1 (1.8) 44.5-51.7 48.1 (1.6) 44.9-51.3

67.0 (3.2) 57.1 (5.4) 58.5 (6.0) 32.0 (5.3) 35.1 (3.2)

60.7-73.2 46.5-67.6 46.7-70.3 21.5-42.5 28.8-41.4

71.4 (2.8) 59.8 (4.9) 37.2 (5.3) 37.0 (5.9) 35.1 (3.2)

65.9-76.9 50.2-69.3 26.9-47.5 25.3-48.6 28.9-41.3

65.1 (2.9) 55.8 (4.7) 45.4 (5.8) 39.0 (5.9) 35.9 (3.1)

59.5-70.7 46.6-65.0 34.0-56.8 27.5-50.5 29.9-41.9

41.0 (2.3) 36.6-45.5 41.1 (2.2) 36.8-45.4 38.8 (2.1) 34.7-42.9 66.4 (2.8) 61.0-71.8 64.7 (2.5) 59.7-69.7 65.0 (2.4) 60.3-69.6

60.4 (2.4) 55.7-65.1 61.1 (2.2) 56.7-65.5 60.4 (2.1) 56.2-64.5 38.2 (2.6) 33.2-43.3 38.0 (2.5) 33.1-42.9 37.1 (2.4) 32.5-41.7

60.0 (5.7) 59.6 (4.1) 45.9 (2.2)

48.8-71.3 51.6-67.6 41.6-50.2

65.5 (5.4) 52.0 (3.8) 49.4 (2.1)

55.0-76.1 56.2 (5.0) 46.4-65.9 44.5-59.5 47.4 (3.8) 39.9-54.9 45.3-53.6 49.1 (2.0) 45.1-53.0

46.7 (5.1) 59.2 (2.9) 50.1 (1.9)

36.7-56.8 53.4-64.9 46.3-53.8

48.3 (4.5) 56.7 (2.1) 50.6 (1.8)

39.5-57.1 57.9 (4.2) 49.6-66.2 52.7-60.7 55.6 (2.2) 51.2-59.9 47.1-54.2 49.7 (1.7) 46.3-53.1

57

The Healthy People 2010 goal is to increase the percentage of healthy full-term infants who are put to sleep on their backs to 70%.

Sleep Position
Side Back Stomach Mixed
* Standard Error Confidence Interval

Table 30: Infant Sleep Position, 2004-2006

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 18.0 (1.4) 15.4-20.7 58.9 (1.7) 55.5-62.3 20.6 (1.4) 17.9-23.4
2.4 (0.5) 1.4-3.4

2005 Weighted 95%CI

% (s.e.)*

16.6 (1.2) 14.1-19.0

58.6 (1.6) 55.4-61.8

20.1 (1.3) 17.5-22.6

4.8 (0.7)

3.4-6.2

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 17.4 (1.2) 15.1-19.8 55.8 (1.6) 52.8-58.9 21.6 (1.3) 19.1-24.1 5.1 (0.7) 3.7-6.5

Newborn Hearing Screening: Between 2004 and 2006, 96.3% (95.4-97.0) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia report that their new baby received a hearing test.
The percentage of women who report that their new baby received a hearing test appears highest among:
Black women and women whose race is other than Black or White Women 40 years old or older Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school or higher Non-Hispanic women Women who delivered a baby 1,500 grams or heavier in their most recent delivery
Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who report that their new baby received a hearing test appears to be decreasing:
No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be decreasing
Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who report that their new baby received a hearing test appears to be increasing:
Black women Women 30-39 years old Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school or completion
of college Women with a household income between $25,000 and $49,999 during the year
prior to their most recent delivery Married women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Women with intermediate or higher adequacy of prenatal care Women who delivered a baby less than 1,500 grams in their most recent delivery

58

Table 31: Newborn Hearing Screening, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
95.8 (0.8) 94.3-97.3

96.9 (0.7) 95.5-98.4

95.0 (1.1) 92.8-97.2

100.0 (0.0)

---

93.9 (2.9) 96.1 (1.0) 95.5 (1.4) 100.0 (0.0)

88.2-99.7 94.2-98.0 92.8-98.2
---

91.6 (2.5) 96.1 (1.3) 97.0 (1.1) 97.8 (1.1)

86.6-96.6 93.7-98.6 95.0-99.2 95.7-99.9

83.9 (4.5) 75.1-92.8 97.5 (0.6) 96.4-98.6

94.7 (1.7) 95.3 (2.4) 94.3 (2.9) 97.2 (1.9) 98.2 (0.9)

91.5-97.9 90.7-99.9 88.7-99.9 93.5-100.0 96.4-99.9

95.9 (0.9) 94.1-97.8 95.6 (1.3) 93.0-98.1

95.8 (1.0) 93.8-97.7 95.8 (1.2) 93.6-98.1

93.6 (3.3) 87.0-100.0 92.1 (2.5) 87.2-97.0 97.1 (0.7) 95.7-98.5

78.7 (3.6) 97.6 (0.7) 95.9 (0.8)

71.7-85.7 96.3-98.9 94.3-97.5

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
95.7 (0.7) 94.3-97.2

97.3 (0.6) 94.7 (1.1) 98.7 (0.8)

96.0-98.5 92.5-97.0 97.0-100.0

93.8 (2.9) 95.9 (1.0) 95.9 (1.2) 100.0 (0.0)

88.2-99.4 93.9-97.8 93.5-98.3
---

89.5 (2.7) 97.2 (1.0) 95.6 (1.6) 98.8 (0.6)

84.3-94.7 95.2-99.2 92.6-98.7 97.7-100.0

82.7 (5.0) 73.0-92.4 97.6 (0.6) 96.5-98.6

93.1 (1.8) 94.3 (2.6) 96.7 (2.2) 99.3 (0.3) 97.4 (1.0)

89.6-96.5 89.2-99.4 92.5-100.0 98.7-99.9 95.5-99.3

97.0 (0.8) 95.5-98.6 93.8 (1.4) 91.0-96.6

95.0 (1.1) 92.8-97.1 96.6 (1.0) 94.7-98.5

89.5 (4.0) 93.6 (2.1) 97.3 (0.7)

81.7-97.3 89.5-97.8 95.8-98.7

82.9 (2.9) 96.5 (0.8) 95.9 (0.8)

77.2-88.7 94.9-98.2 94.3-97.5

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
97.2 (0.6) 96.1-98.3

98.5 (0.4) 97.7-99.4 96.4 (0.9) 94.7-98.1 99.8 (0.2) 99.4-100.0

98.1 (0.8) 96.8 (0.9) 97.4 (1.0) 99.3 (0.5)

96.5-99.8 95.1-98.5 95.5-99.4 98.2-100.0

92.0 (2.1) 98.2 (0.9) 98.8 (0.6) 99.2 (0.3)

86.6-95.3 95.3-99.3 96.8-99.6 98.3-99.6

88.3 (3.5) 79.5-93.6 98.5 (0.4) 97.5-99.1

94.8 (1.5) 96.7 (1.7) 99.5 (0.3) 99.5 (0.2) 98.7 (0.6)

91.9-97.8 93.6-100.0 99.0-100.0 99.0-100.0 97.5-99.8

97.8 (0.7) 96.5-99.1 96.6 (1.0) 94.7-98.5

96.6 (0.9) 94.9-98.3 98.1 (0.7) 96.7-99.4

94.2 (2.6) 89.0-99.4 97.6 (1.4) 94.7-100.0 97.8 (0.6) 96.6-99.0

84.8 (2.8) 96.4 (0.7) 97.5 (0.6)

79.2-90.3 94.9-97.8 96.3-98.7

59

Well-baby Checkups: Between 2004 and 2006, 98.7% (98.2-99.1) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia report that their new baby received a well-baby checkup.
The percentage of women who report that their new baby received a well-baby checkup appears highest among:
Women whose highest level of education is completion of high school or higher Non-Hispanic women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who report that their new baby received a well-baby checkup appears to be decreasing: No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be decreasing Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who report that their new baby received a well-baby checkup appears to be increasing: Women 30-39 years old Women whose highest level of education is less than high school
60

Table 32: Well-baby Checkups, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
98.8 (0.4) 98.0-99.6

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
98.3 (0.5) 97.4-99.2

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
98.9 (0.3) 98.3-99.5

99.0 (0.5) 97.2-99.5 98.4 (0.5) 97.5-99.4 98.5 (0.5) 97.5-99.5

98.3 (0.6) 97.9-100.0 98.2 (0.7) 96.9-99.5 99.2 (0.4) 98.4-100.0

100.0 (0.0)

---

100.0 (0.0)

---

100.0 (0.0)

---

98.3 (1.1) 99.2 (0.4) 98.3 (0.9) 99.6 (0.4)

96.2-100.0 98.3-100.0 96.5-100.0 98.9-100.0

99.4 (0.5) 97.5 (0.8) 99.1 (0.5) 99.3 (0.7)

98.4-100.0 96.0-99.1 98.2-100.0 98.0-100.0

98.5 (1.1) 98.6 (0.5) 99.6 (0.2) 100.0 (0.0)

96.2-100.0 97.6-99.6 99.1-100.0
---

95.7 (1.7) 99.8 (0.1) 99.3 (0.4) 100.0 (0.0)

92.3-99.0 99.6-100.0 98.5-100.0 99.9-100.0

96.7 (1.5) 99.0 (0.4) 97.9 (1.1) 99.4 (0.5)

93.8-99.6 98.1-99.8 95.7-100.0 98.4-100.0

98.0 (0.9) 99.2 (0.4) 98.8 (0.8) 99.5 (0.3)

95.1-99.2 98.1-99.7 95.3-99.7 98.2-99.9

95.6 (2.4) 90.8-100.0 95.7 (2.4) 91.0-100.0 98.7 (0.9) 94.8-99.7 99.3 (0.2) 98.9-99.8 98.7 (0.4) 97.9-99.5 99.0 (0.3) 98.1-99.4

97.2 (1.2) 99.9 (0.1) 99.8 (0.2) 99.9 (0.1) 99.8 (0.2)

95.0-99.5 99.8-100.0 99.5-100.0 99.7-100.0 99.3-100.0

97.9 (0.9) 95.7 (2.1) 96.9 (2.1) 97.5 (2.4) 99.9 (0.0)

96.1-99.6 91.6-99.8 92.8-100.0 92.7-100.0 99.8-100.0

97.9 (0.7) 99.5 (0.4) 100.0 (0.0) 99.9 (0.1) 99.3 (0.7)

96.5-99.3 98.7-100.0
--99.6-100.0 97.9-100.0

99.2 (0.4) 98.4-100.0 98.6 (0.5) 97.6-99.7 98.9 (0.5) 98.0-99.9 98.2 (0.8) 96.6-99.8 97.8 (0.8) 96.2-99.4 99.0 (0.4) 98.3-99.7

98.3 (0.7) 96.9-99.6 97.9 (0.7) 96.6-99.2 98.6 (0.5) 97.7-99.5 99.5 (0.3) 98.9-100.0 98.8 (0.6) 97.6-99.9 99.4 (0.3) 98.7-100.0

97.8 (1.2) 98.6 (1.1) 99.1 (0.5)

95.3-100.0 95.9 (2.2) 91.5-100.0 99.1 (0.7) 97.8-100.0 96.4-100.0 98.5 (0.9) 96.7-100.0 99.3 (0.5) 98.3-100.0 98.1-100.0 98.7 (0.5) 97.7-99.7 98.7 (0.5) 97.8-99.6

97.3 (1.2) 98.6 (0.5) 98.8 (0.4)

94.2-100.0 97.2 (1.4) 97.6-99.5 98.9 (0.4) 98.0-99.7 98.3 (0.5)

94.5-99.9 98.1-99.7 97.3-99.2

98.1 (1.3) 95.5-100.0 98.3 (0.5) 97.3-99.3 99.0 (0.3) 98.3-99.6

61

Postpartum Checkup: Between 2004 and 2006, 88.4% (87.1-89.6) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia received a postpartum checkup.
The percentage of women who received a postpartum checkup appears highest among: Women 30 years old or older Women whose highest level of education is completion of college Non-Hispanic women Women with a household income $25,000 or higher during the year prior to their most recent delivery Married women Women whose delivery was not paid for by Medicaid
Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who received a postpartum checkup appears to be decreasing:
No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be decreasing Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who received a postpartum checkup appears to be increasing:
Women whose highest level of education is some college
62

Table 33: Postpartum Checkup, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error Confidence Interval **Delivery pay source

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
88.8 (1.1) 86.6-91.1

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
88.3 (1.1) 86.1-90.5

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
88.2 (1.1) 86.2-90.3

87.9 (1.5) 89.2 (1.6) 93.7 (5.5)

85.0-90.8 87.8 (1.3) 85.2-90.5 88.3 (1.3) 85.8-90.8 86.1-92.3 88.2 (1.6) 85.1-91.2 88.1 (1.5) 85.1-91.1 82.9-100.0 95.0 (4.1) 87.0-100.0 92.2 (4.8) 82.8-100.0

88.8 (3.5) 86.6 (1.7) 91.7 (1.7) 98.9 (0.7)

81.8-95.7 83.2-89.9 88.4-95.0 97.6-100.0

84.2 (3.6) 85.9 (1.6) 93.3 (1.5) 95.9 (3.5)

77.2-91.3 82.7-89.1 90.4-96.2 89.1-100.0

80.6 (3.9) 86.9 (1.5) 93.8 (1.3) 83.3 (7.4)

72.9-88.3 84.0-89.9 91.2-96.5 68.8-97.8

80.1 (3.2) 88.5 (2.0) 90.8 (2.1) 95.0 (1.6)

73.6-86.4 84.5-92.5 86.6-94.9 91.9-98.2

76.9 (3.2) 88.7 (1.8) 91.5 (2.1) 96.2 (1.4)

70.7-83.2 85.3-92.2 87.5-95.6 93.5-98.8

80.6 (4.0) 84.7 (2.1) 93.9 (1.4) 94.8 (1.5)

72.7-88.5 80.6-88.9 91.2-96.6 91.9-97.7

78.9 (4.6) 70.0-87.9 78.6 (4.6) 69.6-87.6 73.7 (4.6) 63.8-81.6 90.6 (1.1) 88.5-92.7 90.1 (1.1) 88.0-92.2 90.6 (1.0) 88.5-92.3

82.6 (2.4) 82.5 (4.5) 91.9 (3.6) 95.3 (2.8) 94.4 (1.5)

77.8-87.3 73.8-91.3 84.8-99.0 89.7-100.0 91.4-97.3

80.4 (2.5) 90.0 (2.7) 90.2 (3.4) 95.2 (2.8) 94.9 (1.5)

75.6-85.2 84.7-95.3 83.5-97.0 89.6-100.0 91.9-97.9

82.0 (2.3) 88.7 (2.7) 96.4 (1.4) 93.1 (3.0) 95.0 (1.4)

77.4-86.5 83.3-94.1 93.7-99.1 87.1-99.0 92.3-97.7

90.3 (1.4) 87.6-93.1 91.1 (1.3) 88.5-93.7 92.6 (1.1) 90.4-94.8 86.4 (1.9) 82.6-90.2 84.4 (1.9) 80.7-88.1 82.8 (1.9) 79.0-86.5

87.1 (1.6) 84.0-90.2 85.6 (1.6) 82.4-88.7 83.5 (1.6) 80.3-86.7 91.0 (1.6) 87.8-94.2 91.7 (1.5) 88.8-94.6 94.3 (1.1) 92.1-96.6

85.7 (3.7) 88.8 (2.6) 89.5 (1.4)

78.4-93.0 83.8-93.8 86.7-92.3

77.8 (4.5) 87.5 (2.6) 91.0 (1.2)

68.9-86.7 82.3-92.6 88.6-93.5

85.5 (3.4) 85.6 (2.8) 89.7 (1.3)

78.7-92.2 80.1-91.2 87.1-92.2

90.6 (2.5) 88.7 (1.4) 88.8 (1.2)

85.6-95.5 85.9-91.4 86.4-91.3

91.3 (2.1) 86.4 (1.4) 88.3 (1.2)

87.2-95.4 83.7-89.3 86.0-90.7

81.4 (3.0) 86.3 (1.3) 88.5 (1.2)

75.6-87.2 83.8-88.9 86.2-90.8

63

Self-reported Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Between 2004 and 2006, 46.1%
(44.2-48.0) of women who delivered a live birth in Georgia experienced postpartum depressive symptoms.
The percentage of women who self-reported postpartum depressive symptoms appears highest among:
Black women and women whose race is other than Black or White Hispanic women Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Non-married women Women whose delivery was paid for by Medicaid Women who delivered a baby less than 1,500 grams in their most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who self-reported postpartum depressive symptoms appears to be decreasing: Women younger than 20 years old Women with a household income less than $15,000 during the year prior to their
most recent delivery Sub-groups in which the percentage of women who self-reported postpartum depressive symptoms appears to be increasing:
No sub-group had a trend that appeared to be increasing
64

Table 34: Self-reported Postpartum Depressive Symptoms, by Maternal Characteristics, 2004-2006

Maternal Characteristics
Total Race Black White Other Age 0-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Education Less than high school High school Some college College and beyond Hispanic Ethnicity Yes No Household Income <$15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 >=$50,000 Marital Status Married Other Medicaid Status** Yes No Prenatal Care Inadequate Intermediate >=Adequate Birthweight <1500g 1500g 2499g 2500+g
* Standard Error **Delivery pay source Confidence Interval Percents are weighted

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
48.7 (1.8) 45.2-52.2

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
44.0 (1.7) 40.8-47.2

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)*
45.9 (1.6) 42.8-49.1

50.7 (2.2) 46.3 (2.4) 82.4 (7.8)

46.4-55.0 41.6-51.1 67.2-97.6

50.0 (2.0) 41.0 (2.3) 42.8 (9.9)

46.0-54.0 36.5-45.5 23.4-62.2

52.2 (2.0) 41.7 (2.3) 60.4 (9.7)

48.3-56.1 37.3-46.1 41.4-79.4

60.8 (5.3) 51.3 (2.4) 39.9 (3.0) 62.8 (10.8)

50.3-71.3 46.5-56.1 34.0-45.7 41.6-83.9

56.6 (4.9) 49.2 (2.3) 31.6 (2.7) 33.2 (10.7)

47.0-66.2 44.7-53.6 26.3-36.8 12.2-54.2

49.1 (4.6) 49.2 (2.2) 37.8 (2.7) 61.1 (9.0)

40.1-58.1 44.9-53.5 32.4-43.2 43.4-78.7

57.9 (4.1) 51.3 (3.2) 50.0 (3.6) 36.6 (3.4)

49.8-65.9 45.1-57.6 43.1-57.0 29.9-43.3

57.6 (3.7) 49.9 (3.0) 46.3 (3.6) 22.2 (2.5)

50.3-64.8 44.1-55.8 39.3-53.3 17.2-27.3

54.7 (3.7) 53.1 (2.9) 44.7 (3.2) 31.6 (3.1)

47.4-61.9 47.3-58.7 38.5-51.0 25.8-37.9

58.6 (5.5) 47.7-69.4 52.0 (5.6) 40.9-63.0 51.7 (5.2) 41.5-61.7 47.1 (1.9) 43.4-50.7 42.8 (1.8) 39.3-46.3 45.2 (1.7) 42.0-48.5

68.2 (3.0) 54.2 (5.3) 43.3 (6.1) 48.9 (6.0) 35.3 (3.2)

62.3-74.1 43.9-64.6 31.4-55.2 37.0-60.7 29.0-41.5

65.9 (2.8) 45.5 (4.7) 38.4 (5.4) 32.0 (5.4) 26.4 (2.9)

60.3-71.4 36.3-54.7 27.8-49.1 21.4-42.6 20.8-32.0

61.1 (2.9) 56.8 (4.6) 44.6 (5.7) 42.7 (5.9) 33.9 (3.1)

55.3-66.9 47.8-65.8 33.4-55.8 31.1-54.2 27.9-40.0

42.6 (2.3) 38.1-47.0 36.5 (2.1) 32.3-40.6 39.8 (2.1) 35.7-44.0 58.9 (2.7) 53.5-64.3 54.4 (2.6) 49.4-59.4 53.6 (2.4) 48.9-58.3

56.1 (2.3) 51.5-60.7 53.6 (2.2) 49.3-58.0 54.3 (2.1) 50.1-58.4 39.3 (2.6) 34.2-44.5 31.3 (2.3) 26.7-35.9 35.0 (2.4) 30.3-39.6

59.9 (5.7) 50.7 (4.1) 46.1 (2.2)

48.7-71.0 42.7-58.8 41.7-50.4

53.3 (5.4) 36.7 (3.6) 43.8 (2.1)

42.6-63.9 29.7-43.8 39.7-47.9

45.5 (4.9) 49.3 (3.8) 44.9 (2.0)

36.0-55.0 41.8-56.8 40.9-48.9

55.6 (4.3) 56.1 (2.7) 48.1 (1.9)

47.2-63.9 50.7-61.4 44.3-51.9

65.5 (3.5) 54.1 (2.1) 42.8 (1.8)

58.6-72.4 50.1-58.2 39.3-46.4

67.2 (3.5) 47.9 (2.2) 45.4 (1.7)

60.3-74.1 43.6-52.2 41.9-48.8

65

Table 35: Delivery Care Pay Source, 2004-2006

Source
Medicaid Self-pay Insurance/HMO Military Other
* Standard Error Confidence Interval

2004 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 57.4 (1.7) 54.0-60.7 13.0 (1.2) 10.6-15.4 27.3 (1.6) 24.2-30.4 2.3 (0.5) 1.3-3.4 0.0 (0.0) (0.0-0.0)

2005 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 57.5 (1.6) 54.3-60.7 14.2 (1.2) 11.9-16.6 25.4 (1.4) 22.5-28.2 2.5 (0.5) 1.6-3.5 0.4 (0.2) 0.0-0.8

2006 Weighted 95%CI % (s.e.)* 57.4 (1.5) 54.4-60.4 12.9 (1.1) 10.8-15.1 27.2 (1.4) 24.4-29.9 2.2 (0.5) 1.3-3.1 0.3 (0.2) 0.0-0.6

Pay Source
Private Insurance Medicaid Self-pay
Confidence Interval

Table 36: Insurance Summary, 2004-2006

Prepregnancy (%, 95% CI)
49.1 (47.2-51.0) 11.9 (10.9-13.1) 38.9 (37.1-40.8)

Prenatal (%, 95% CI)
32.7 (30.9-34.5) 49.7 (47.7-51.6) 17.7 (16.2-19.3)

Delivery (%, 95% CI)
28.4 (26.7-30.1) 56.7 (54.8-58.5) 14.9 (13.6-16.4)

66

Appendix A: Technical Notes

Sampling

The population of interest for Georgia PRAMS is all mothers who are residents of Georgia who delivered a live-born infant within Georgia during the surveillance period. By definition, the target population for PRAMS is limited to pregnancies resulting in a live-born infant. Because of the importance of learning about the maternal behaviors of mothers whose live-born infants subsequently died, they are included in the sample. The Georgia PRAMS project stratifies on birthweight and maternal race/ethnicity. Low birthweight is an important problem in Georgia, especially among African-American women. We over-sample low birthweight infants to examine risk factors for mothers of these infants. Low birth weight is defined as a birth weight <2,500 g.

Sampling fractions applied to each birthweight stratum:

Stratum

Sampling Fraction

Black, Low Birthweight

1/8

Black, Normal Birthweight

1/64

Non-Black, Low Birthweight

1/9

Non-Black, Normal Birthweight

1/148

Weighting

Once data collection is complete, the survey responses are linked to the birth certificate data and sent to CDC PRAMS for weighting. Weighting the data allows for the generation of estimates that are representative of all women in the state who delivered a live-born infant. PRAMS data has three weighting factors: sample design, nonresponse, and omissions in the sampling frame. Sample design corresponds to the reciprocal of the sampling fraction (shown above) and represents the number of women in the stratum that were sampled. For example, 1 out of every 8 mothers is sampled in the black, low birthweight category. The sample weight for this stratum would then be 8 (8/1). Nonresponse is defined as non-completion of the survey by the respondent and attempts to adjust for women with certain characteristics who respond at lower rates than other respondents. Omissions in the sampling frame adjust for women whose live births were not included in the birth file.

Response Rates

The weighted response rates for each of the three years included in this report are noted below. To minimize nonresponse bias, CDC PRAMS considers a 70% response rate as the minimum overall weighted response rate for state data to be included in published results.

Stratum
Black, Low Birthweight Non-Black Low Birthweight Black, Normal Birthweight Non-Black, Normal Birthweight Overall

2004 65% 72% 65% 72% 70%

% Responding 2005 65% 67% 66% 73% 70%

2006 64% 74% 64% 74% 71%

67

68