2007 annual solid waste report

2007 Annual Solid Waste Report Executive Summary
The Georgia Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Act of 1990 requires the Department of Community Affairs (DCA), with the cooperation of the Department of Natural Resources' Environmental Protection Division (EPD) and the Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority (GEFA), to report annually on the state of solid waste management in Georgia. Per the Act, the FY 2007 report, covering the period of July 1, 2006 - June 30, 2007, contains information on:
the status of local and regional solid waste management planning in Georgia; the number and types of solid waste handling facilities in the state; the remaining capacity of each permitted solid waste handling facility; the number and types of solid waste grants and loans made to local governments; a compilation and analysis of solid waste management data provided by cities and
counties through their completed Solid Waste Survey; a statement of progress achieved in meeting the 25% waste reduction goal established in
subsection (c) of Code Section 12-8-211; a statement of progress achieved in solid waste management education; any revisions in the state solid waste management plan deemed necessary; and recommendations for improving the management of solid waste in Georgia. Further, the Act requires DCA to report on the status of litter prevention and abatement in the state. The litter report shall include but not be limited to: An itemization of expenditures made from the Solid Waste Trust Fund for the prevention
and abatement of litter; A compilation and analysis of litter prevention, collection, and enforcement efforts; An assessment of littering in the state; A statement of progress in achieving a litter prevention ethic; and Recommendations for improving litter abatement and prevention efforts.
This litter report is available online at www.dca.ga.gov, under Office of Environmental Management programs.
The Solid Waste Management Act requires all local governments to have, or be included in, a solid waste management plan that demonstrates adequate waste disposal capacity and collection capability for a 10-year period. Thirty-two (32) cities and eight (8) counties did not have an approved plan by the end of FY 2007. Local governments that failed to adopt approved solid waste management plans are listed and continually updated online at: www.GeorgiaPlanning.com
During FY 2007, 17.7 million tons of waste was sent to Georgia disposal facilities. Most of this waste enters lined, monitored landfills operating under federal Subtitle D regulations. A small and dwindling percentage of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) enters unlined landfills that have been allowed to operate under their pre-Subtitle D permits. Construction and Demolition waste (C&D), a subset of MSW, generally goes to unlined landfills that are less expensive to operate.
The state continues to have an adequate supply of permitted disposal capacity with 27.7 years of remaining permitted Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal capacity and 19.3 years of remaining permitted Construction and Demolition (C&D) disposal capacity. It is important that the state and local governments carefully monitor the remaining permitted disposal capacity throughout the state. In FY 2007 more than a third of the permitted disposal capacity in the state was contained in just 4 of the 130 landfills. This concentration heightens the need to carefully monitor the financial assurances of these and all the disposal facilities in the state. It also emphasizes the
1 During the 2005 Legislative session the 25% per capita waste disposal reduction goal was reworded to state that every effort should be made to reduce the per capita disposal rate of waste sent to MSW landfills in Georgia.

need for local solid waste management planning and annual monitoring of the implementation of these plans. The Northeast Georgia RDC continues to have less than 10 years of permitted disposal capacity. Demonstration of capacity and capacity assurance is highly dependent upon the permitting process and the time it takes for a solid waste handling permit to be issued. (See section A Disposal and Capacity and section B Per Capita Disposal for more details)
The level and type of solid waste, recycling and yard trimmings collection services provided throughout the state varies greatly depending upon a community's size, density and demographic profile. To track solid waste management trends, DCA administers an annual survey of all local governments in Georgia2. The encouraging news is the numbers of communities reporting they had recycling services available were reported higher than they have been for the past decade.
During FY 2006, 22 cities and 29 counties reported actively promoting waste minimization practices such as home composting or beneficial reuse of yard trimmings. During FY 2006, 326 cities and 56 counties reported collecting yard trimmings for diversion from MSW landfills. (See section C: Solid Waste & Recycling Collection of the report for more details.)
Education efforts are essential to waste reduction efforts. Keep Georgia Beautiful continues supporting the waste reduction and education efforts of the 74 Keep America Beautiful affiliates in Georgia. Also, DCA conducts Waste in Place workshops and workshops related to solid waste planning periodically. DCA currently has no metric for gauging the effectiveness of these efforts.
Another growing trend that needs to be carefully monitored is the amount of waste imported to Georgia for disposal and its potential impact on future disposal capacity and Georgia's environment. With statewide MSW tipping fees at $35.08 per ton ($21.11 for C&D waste), far less than Northeastern states and Florida, Georgia landfills represent considerable cost-savings for companies moving large amounts of waste. Because the waste reduction goal specified in the Act includes all waste disposed in MSW landfills, this out-of-state waste is included in the state's progress toward meeting the waste reduction goal, and undercuts waste reduction and recycling efforts undertaken by Georgians. On a per capita basis, 7.45 pounds of waste entered MSW landfills daily during FY 2007, and nearly one pound/day of that came from outside Georgia's borders. (See section B: Per Capita Disposal and section D: MSW & C&D Landfill Tipping Fees of the report for more details)
Nearly $600,000 from the Solid Waste Trust Fund was expended to support local government recycling and waste reduction grants in FY 2007. Almost $370,000 went to provide scrap tire amnesty collections, and approximately $225,000 was awarded by GEFA's Recycling and Waste Reduction grant program to support local recycling collection and processing capacity in seven communities. (See section E: Grants and Loans to Local Governments)
Historically funding from the SWTF had been used to support a variety of local government waste reduction programs throughout the state. In response to the needs identified in the 2006 Annual Solid Waste Report and the need to "change business as usually" to affect a change (reduction) in the amount of MSW waste being disposed in the state, a statewide waste reduction and recycling strategy was drafted with the input of local governments and Georgia businesses using recycled content materials. The four part strategy, presented for implementation and funding is outlined below:
Away From Home Recycling Equipment to facilitate recycling at sporting events, festivals and other special events
2 The considerable lag time in gathering, verifying and analyzing this data results in the previous years' collection and yard trimmings management data being used to compile this report.

Recycling Hubs Infrastructure dollars to develop collection capability leveraging the private sector's shift toward single-stream processing capability, and increasing collection in rural areas of the state.

Statewide Recycling Campaign An umbrella marketing campaign focused on increasing recycling participation. This effort will push Georgia residents to look for recycling at special events and their homes and places of work.

ReTrac Reporting Metrics All of the above efforts will be tracked via an innovative online reporting mechanism that will link the solid waste annual surveys local governments must complete for DCA, and results from the AwayFrom-Home recycling campaign.

These efforts are in line with a waste reduction goal that identifies specific targets to meet the general goal of reducing the amount of MSW disposed on a per capita basis. The waste disposal characterization study conducted in 2004 identified what Georgians were throwing away on an annual basis. Using this data, DCA was able to identify the Georgia industry demand for these materials and convened a Recycling Stakeholder Group with over 60 representatives, including representatives from businesses, local governments, and other state agencies to formulate a commodity based waste disposal reduction goal(s). Establishing a baseline goal was the first step to measuring waste reduction and recycling success. The group identified the following goals:

Commodity
Glass Paper Metal Plastic Total

Per Capita MSW Disposal Rate/MSW Reduction Goal

Actual

Projected

Projected Projected

2004

2012

%

2017

Lbs/person Lbs/person 2012

Lbs/person

0.153

0.140

8%

0.140

1.181

1.000

15%

0.850

0.228

0.198

13%

0.186

0.663

0.560

16%

0.530

2.23

1.99

11%

1.71

Projected % 2017
8% 28% 18% 20% 23%

The per capita disposal rate in the state continues to rise, mainly due to the continuing rise in outof-state waste imports. The per capita disposal rate for MSW generated and disposed within the state remains relatively constant and the above mentioned strategy has been formulated to meet the states goal to reduce the amount of MSW being disposed. From the research conducted it is clear that Georgian's are disposing of valuable resources that are needed by Georgia based industries. The strategy developed is to support these industries by diverting these materials from disposal.

The continued use of inert landfills for yard trimmings and growth in the use of solid waste transfer stations needs to be monitored and addressed in local solid waste planning efforts. As the state implements the strategy for reducing the MSW disposal rate, efforts to quantify and address C&D waste reduction and solid waste from mining, agricultural, or silviculture operations or industrial processes or operations needs to be completed.

This report is available online at www.dca.ga.gov, under Office of Environmental Management programs.

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

During Fiscal Year 2007 the amount of waste sent to Georgia Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Construction and Demolition (C&D) landfills increased, with imported waste offsetting reduced disposal by Georgians. Newly permitted landfills slightly increased capacity to approximately 27.7 years of remaining permitted MSW landfill space and 19.3 years of remaining permitted C&D landfill space. Trends toward privatization of waste collection and disposal infrastructure continue statewide, with transfer stations increasingly popular as landfills become larger and demand larger volumes of waste to operate cost-effectively.
Where Does the Waste Go?
Much of the waste disposed of in Georgia enters lined, monitored MSW Landfills. Of the 17,719,189 tons of waste disposed in permitted Georgia disposal facilities during FY 2007, 13,162,532 tons, or 74.3%, entered lined, monitored landfills meeting federal Subtitle D requirements. Approximately 4,297,094 tons, or 24.25% entered unlined Construction and Demolition landfills. The remainder was divided among unlined Municipal Solid Waste landfills (159,731 tons, or 1.2%), the state's only MSW incinerator (96,832 tons; 0.6%), and the state's only largescale MSW composting facility (approximately 100,000 tons.)
Most of the waste disposed in Georgia enters private landfills. In FY 2007, landfill owners/operators reported 9,134,630 tons of waste entering 16 private MSW landfills, compared with 9,079,225 tons entering 16 private MSW landfills in FY 2006. In FY 2007, 4,348,113 tons of waste entered 50 publicly owned MSW facilities in the state, compared with 3,476,732 tons entering 49 public MSW landfills the previous year.

Landfill Quick Facts

FY 2007

Private Public

MSW
Disposal
Landfill Ownership Remaining Capacity
Years

9.1 million 4.3 million

tons

tons

16 facilities 50 facilities

19

15

Cubic Yards 243.3 million

million

C&D
Disposal
Landfill Ownership Remaining Capacity

3.2 million 1.1 tons tons
19 facilities 35 facilities

Years Cubic Yards

13.8 57.8 million

25.2 32.6 million

From FY 1993-2007, the number of MSW landfills operated by cities, counties, and solid waste authorities dropped from 121 to 50.

Tons of Waste Disposed FY 1998 - 2007

16,000,000

14,000,000

12,000,000

10,000,000

Tons

8,000,000

6,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

0 1998

1999

2000

2001 2002 2003
Fiscal Year
MSW C&D
A - 1

2004

2005

2006

2007

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

C&D Landfills
Construction and Demolition landfills are permitted disposal facilities that can only accept waste building materials and rubble resulting from construction, remodeling, repair, and demolition operations on pavements, houses, commercial buildings and other structures. Such wastes include, but are not limited to, yard trimmings, asbestos-containing waste, wood, bricks, metal, concrete, wall board, paper, cardboard, inert waste landfill material, and other nonputrescible wastes which have a low potential for groundwater contamination.
In FY 2007, landfill operators reported 3,227,723 tons of waste entering 19 private C&D facilities, while 1,086,871 tons of waste entered 35 publicly owned facilities.

Permitted Solid Waste Management Facilities FY 1999-20071

Inert Landfills Collection Operations2 Transfer Stations On-Site Thermal Treatment Facilities On-site Processing Facilities Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Construction and Demolition Landfills Recovered Materials Processing Facilities Composting Facilities Waste-to-Energy Facility

1999
2,167 538 161 79 75 70 32
5 4 1

2000
2,304 610 176 83 84 69 34
5 3 1

2001
2,399 708 202 88 92 62 33
5 3 1

2002
2,424 775 230 89 95 60 46
3 3 1

2003
2,354 796 233 99 90 58 51
0 3 1

2004
2,389 872 76 101 93 58 54
1 3 1

2005
2,373 891 76 101 99 55 54
1 3 1

2006
2,437 946 78 96 100 66* 54*
1 3 1

2007
2,455 966 79 96 105 66* 54*
1 5 1

Air Curtain Destructors

1

3

1

3

0

5

5

5

5

Commercial Industrial Waste Landfill

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1. Operating as of July 2006; some facilities cease operations or are added, so these figures may differ from those used elsewhere in this

report.

2. Collection operations are any entity that collects waste from residential or commercial locations.

*EPD counts MSW landfills accepting C&D waste in specially-designated cells as C&D landfills. For the purposes of this report, DCA counts

them as MSW.

Unlined Landfills
During FY 2007, 159,731 tons of waste was disposed in five unlined MSW landfills. This represents approximately 1.2% of the total waste entering MSW landfills in Georgia. As of July 2007, five unlined MSW facilities were still operating under their original EPDapproved permits, and had not reached their closure capacity. Until they do, they must adhere to the same operating procedures and methane monitoring requirements as their more modern counterparts. When the unlined facilities close, they will be capped and monitored under federal Subtitle D regulations. There is no time limit

Unlined Landfills Accepting MSW

FY 2007

County Facility Name

Total

Avg. Remaining

Tons Daily Capacity

Disposed Tons

(CY)

Bibb Decatur*
Grady Liberty
McIntosh
Total

Macon-Walker Road Phase 2 (SL) Decatur Co.-S.R. 309 Bainbridge Phase 2 (SL) Cairo-6th Ave. (SL) U.S. Army-Ft. Stewart Main Cantonment (SL) McIntosh CountyKing Road (SL)

99,174 793
28,998 13,863
16,903
159,731

324

2,157,043

N/A

N/A

184

1,282,109

164

862,832

55

636,514

727 4,938,498

Average

31,946 145

987,700

*This facility ceased receiving waste in July 2006

Remaining Capacity (Years)
2 N/A
15 9
19
16.8

A - 2

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

for these landfills to meet Subtitle D regulations, but they will not be granted expansion permits. It is likely a small percentage of MSW generated in Georgia will continue to be disposed in unlined landfills for years to come.

Other Disposal Facilities
There is one MSW incinerator operating in Georgia accepting MSW. Located in Chatham County, the operation is also known as a waste-to-energy facility. The facility receives an average of 384 tons per day, mostly from the city of Savannah. During FY 2007, 96,832 tons of waste were incinerated at this facility. There are several other types of incinerators in public and private use that accept only specialized waste, such as wood waste.
Another unique waste disposal operation in Georgia is Cobb County's MSW composting facility. The facility accepts approximately 155 tons per day of MSW collected in Cobb County. The composting process results in a clean, beneficial soil amendment given to Cobb residents free of charge. During FY 2007, 40,201 tons of MSW was processed at the Cobb Composting facility.
Imported Waste
The amount of waste brought to Georgia from other states and disposed is more than eight times greater than it was in FY 1998. Waste imports rose from 1,736,865 in FY 2006 to 1,912,674 in FY 2007. Most of the waste brought to Georgia from other states is MSW (83%), with the remainder entering C&D landfills. Out-of-state waste amounts to 10.8% of the total amount of waste disposed in Georgia or 14.1% of the waste entering MSW landfills in the state. (See Imported Waste FY 1998-2007) It is difficult to track border waste exchange, and it is suspected that in most cases, it travels relatively short distances across state lines. Based on telephone interviews with transfer station operators that ship waste out of state, it is believed that approximately 150,000 tons per year of Georgia-generated waste is sent to neighboring states.

2500000

Imported Waste FY 1998 - 2007

2000000

1500000

Tons

1000000

500000

0 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Fiscal Year

2004

2005

2006

2007

A - 3

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

Capacity, or the amount of available space in landfills to dispose of tightly compacted waste, grew from 516 million cubic yards in FY 2006 to 559 million cubic yards in FY 2007. Georgia has an estimated 27.7 years of remaining permitted landfill capacity statewide, based upon 2007 disposal rates. A regional breakdown, by Regional Development Center, can be found on page A-9. The projection of remaining capacity is based upon current disposal rates and disposal capacity permitted by the Georgia EPD, but not necessarily constructed landfill space. The number of MSW landfills in Georgia has fallen since tighter federal regulations were adopted in the mid-1990s, but the number of C&D landfills has increased to 54, up from 52 in FY 2006 in FY 2006. In FY 1993, there were 187 public and private landfills in Georgia, and 75% of these were small facilities that only accepted waste generated within the host county. For FY 2007, more than a third of the state's permitted disposal capacity sits in just four facilities, although there are 130 active permitted landfills in Georgia. These gains in remaining disposal capacity have occurred while smaller or older landfills are closed and enter lengthy post-closure monitoring periods. The table entitled `Georgia Landfills with Most Remaining Permitted Disposal Capacity FY 2007' on page A-8 ranks the top ten landfills in the state by remaining disposal capacity.
Landfill Capacity by Type FY 1998 - 2007
600,000,000

500,000,000

Cubic Yards

400,000,000 300,000,000 200,000,000

MSWL SL C&D/L Total

100,000,000

0 1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Fiscal Year

2004

2005

2006

2007

A - 4

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

Remaining MSW Landfill Capacity

FY 2007

FY 2006

Map prepared by: Georgia Department of Community Affairs. Source: Years of remaining capacity by Regional Development Center was calculated using EPD-supplied average rate of fill and cubic yards of remaining capacity, based on 260 operating days per year.

A - 5

Legend
Less than 10 years 10 - 19 years 20 - 29 years 30 years and above

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

Georgia Landfills with Most Remaining Permitted Disposal Capacity

FY 2007

County Facility Name Total Tons Domain Facility Remaining Avg. Rate of

Remaining

Disposed

Type Capacity (CY) Daily Fill (CYD) Permitted Capacity

FY 2007

Tons

(Years)

Richmond Richmond Co. -

347,847

Public

MSWL

Deans Bridge Rd.

Phase 3

51,536,579

1,440

1,963

103

DeKalb DeKalb Co. -

433,296

Public

MSWL

Seminole Rd Ph 2a, 3,

& 4 (SL)

49,736,563

1,587

1,661

92

Cherokee Cherokee Co. - Pine

1,282,338 Private

MSWL

Bluff Landfill, Inc.

49,084,766

4,499

4,988

34

Taylor Allied Services, LLC -

479,924 Private

MSWL

S.R. 90/ S.R. 137

47,801,524

2,400

3,000

56

Butts

Butts Co. - Pine Ridge

985,053 Private

MSWL

Recycling

34,703,735

3,543

5,203

24

Forsyth Eagle Point Landfill

647,509 Private

MSWL

30,950,000

1,771

2,952

37

Camden Camden Co. - S.R.

348,756

Public

C&D

110 C/D/I Landfill

22,619,235

1,189

1,322

56

Banks Chambers R&B

1,026,486 Private

MSWL

Landfill Site #2

18,966,509

3,530

4,663

14

Lowndes Veolia E.S. Evergreen

0 Private

MSWL

MSWL

16,274,016

340

567

100

Walton U.S. 78 C&D Landfill

98,847 Private

C&D

13,582,479

373

727

73

Total

5,650,056

335,255,406 20,672 27,046

47.7

A - 6

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

Regional Development Center
Atlanta Regional Commission Central Savannah River Area Chattahoochee Flint Coastal Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Heart of Georgia-Altamaha Lower Chattahoochee McIntosh Trail Middle Flint Middle Georgia North Georgia Northeast Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Southwest Georgia
Statewide C&D Total

Disposal Capacity by RDC

Construction and Demolition Waste Landfills

FY 2007

Total Tons

Remaining Permitted Capacity Remaining Permitted Capacity

Disposed

(Cubic Yards)

(Years)

2,732,906

24,238,526

7.6

75,818

4,127,319

30.3

52,584

293,730

3.6

362,926

22,800,490

62.7

47,986

847,090

12.0

450,951

3,169,741

4.6

45,997

663,858

6.7

6,488

0

0

36,451

1,016,667

16.8

24,897

490,707

17.0

73,974

3,746,191

39.3

0

0

0

251,332

17,408,679

37.8

12,429

23,486

0.8

41,398

574,538

7.0

80,957

11,216,749

92.8

4,297,094

90,617,771

19.3

Regional Development Center
Atlanta Regional Commission Central Savannah River Area Chattahoochee Flint Coastal Georgia Coosa Valley Georgia Mountains Heart of Georgia-Altamaha Lower Chattahoochee McIntosh Trail Middle Flint Middle Georgia North Georgia Northeast Georgia South Georgia Southeast Georgia Southwest Georgia
Statewide MSW Total

Disposal Capacity by RDC

Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

FY 2007

Total Tons

Remaining Permitted Capacity Remaining Permitted Capacity

Disposed
2,876,154 365,959 114,321 577,985 647,156
1,775,138 948,687 75,950
1,044,183 528,177

(Cubic Yards)

114,797,399 54,254,830 2,213,448 8,601,297 20,383,723 59,054,483 14,095,034 5,235,582 40,874,495 58,029,582

(Years)
34.2 98.5 17.1 12.2 28.8 27.5 16.3 33.2 28.7 66.5

836,270 264,628 834,047 1,340,344 890,005 303,091

22,661,539

17.8

21,614,357

55.0

5,056,962

4.7

20,311,455

17.8

15,570,403

13.8

5,967,259

22.2

13,422,095

468,721,848

27.7

Note: For the purposes of reporting regional capacity, MSW landfills that receive C&D waste in specially-designated cells have their tons received recorded as C&D, but their remaining capacity is represented in these tables as MSW, in accordance with their permits. For details on these facilities, please see the table beginning on page A-8.

A - 7

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

County

Facility Name

Atlanta Regional Commission

C&D

Cherokee Cherokee

Construction And

Demolition Landfill

Cherokee Cherokee Co.-Swims-

SR 92 Ph 5

Clayton

Stephens MDS, LP,

C&D

DeKalb

BFI-East DeKalb

Landfill

DeKalb

APAC/Ga - Donzi Ln

Ph 5a (L)

DeKalb

Rogers Lake Road

C&D Landfill

DeKalb

DeKalb Co.-Seminole

Rd Ph 2 (Sl)

Douglas

Douglas Co. - Cedar

Mt/Worthan Rd Ph 1

(SL)

Fulton

Safeguard Landfill

Management C & D

Fulton

Chadwick Rd Landfill,

Inc.

Fulton

Willow Oak C&D

Landfill

MSW

Cherokee Cherokee Co. - Pine

Bluff Landfill, Inc.

Clayton

Clayton Co. - SR 3

Lovejoy Site # 3

DeKalb

DeKalb Co. -

Seminole Rd Ph 2a,

3, & 4 (SL)

DeKalb

BFI - Hickory Ridge

(MSWL)

Fulton

Chambers - Bolton

Rd (SL)

Gwinnett

BFI-Richland Creek

Rd (SL)

Central Savannah River Area

C&D

Burke

Burke Co. - Clarke

Rd.

Columbia Columbia Co. -

Sample & Son (C&D)

Jenkins

Jenkins Co. - CR 54

Richmond US Army-Ft.

Gordon/Gibson Rd.

Washington Washington Co. -

Kaolin Rd.

MSW

Columbia Columbia Co. - Baker

Place Rd (Sl), Ph 2

Jefferson

Jefferson Co. -

CR138

Richmond Richmond Co. -

Deans Bridge Rd.

Washington Washington Co. -

Kaolin Rd.

Chattahoochee Flint

C&D

Coweta

Coweta Co. - Ishman

Ballard Rd. Landfill

Total Tons Domain Facility

Disposed

Type

FY 2007

Remaining Capacity (CY) Average Daily Tons Rate of Fill (CYD)

102,343 Private C&D

75,219 Private

under construction
112,019

Private Private

547,813 Private

273,248 Private

181,259 Public

30,845 Public

C&D C&D C&D C&D C&D C&D C&D

600,156 Private 278,399 Private 531,605 Private

C&D C&D C&D

1,282,338 60,685
433,296

Private Public Public

MSWL MSWL MSWL

211,542 22,190
866,103

Private Private Private

MSWL MSWL MSWL

2,889,195 212,660
14,221,090 201,044
1,322,234 991432 145,573
611,250 808,000 2,821,585
14,463
49,084,766 3011,925
49,736,563 370,245 62,625
12,531,275

362 245
0 450 1,860 1,100 183
103 1,973
766 1,866
4,499 196
1,587 781 72
3,517

532 790
0 692 1,185 1,692 238
206 3,288 1,079 2,498
4,988 393
1,661 263 113
5,510

20,071
47,238 6,153 753 1,603

Public
Private Public Public
Public

940 7,432 347,847 9,740

Public Public Public Public

C&D C&D C&D C&D MSWL
MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL

125,731 2,961,271
901,909 138,408
70,864
365 1,360,373 51,536,579 1,286,649

27 156
25 30 27
0 24 1,440 49

109 233
89 59 34
0 48 1,963 108

5,592

Public

C&D
A - 8

226,464

16

40

Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years)
19 2
N/A 1 4 2 2
10 1 9
20
34 25
92 1 2 8
4 41 41 14
8
0 92 103 46
18

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

County

Facility Name

Troup

LaGrange - I 85/ S.R.

109

Troup

Troup Co. - S.R. 109

Mountville

MSW

Troup

LaGrange - I 85/ S.R.

109

Coastal Georgia

C&D

Camden

Camden Co. - S.R.

110 C/D/I Landfill

Glynn

Eller - Whitlock Ave

Liberty

U. S. Army Ft.

Stewart Main

Cantonment

MSW

Camden

Camden Co. - S.R.

110

Chatham

Savannah - Dean

Forest Rd.

Chatham

Superior Landfill &

Recycling Center

Liberty

U. S. Army Ft.

Stewart Main

Cantonment

McIntosh

McIntosh Co. - King

Rd.

Coosa Valley

C&D

Bartow

Bartow Co. - S.R. 294

Emerson

Floyd

Floyd Co. - Rome

Walker Mtn. Rd.

Paulding

Paulding Co. -

Gulledge Rd.

Walker

Walker Co. - Marble

Top Rd.

Walker

LaFayette-Coffman

Springs Rd.

MSW

Bartow

Bartow Co. - S.R. 294

Emerson

Floyd

Rome Walker Mtn.

Rd.,

Gordon

Gordon Co. -

Redbone Ridge Rd.

Polk

Polk Co. - Grady Rd.

Georgia Mountains

C&D

Forsyth

Eagle Point Landfill

Forsyth

Greenleaf Recycling,

LLC

Hall

Reliable Tire Service

Habersham Habersham Co. -

S.R.13

Rabun
Stephens
MSW Banks
Forsyth Habersham

Rabun Co. -- Boggs Mountain Stephens Co.-S.R. 145
Chambers R&B Landfill Site #2 Eagle Point Landfill Habersham Co. -

Total Tons Domain Facility

Disposed

Type

FY 2007

23,256

Public

MSWL

23,736

Public

C&D

114,321

Public

MSWL

Remaining Capacity (CY) Average Daily Tons Rate of Fill (CYD)

101,184

75

115

67,266

79

158

2,112,264

360

497

348,756
13,926 244

Public
Private Public

C&D
C&D C&D

75,834 102,039 369,346
13,863
16,903

Public Public Private Public
Public

MSWL
MSWL
MSWL
Unlined MSWL
Unlined MSWL

22,619,235 63,527
117,728
1,600,893 1,912,979 3,588,079
862,832 636,514

1,189 45
1
258 149 1,219
164 55

1,322 74
2
516 298 1,563
327 11

75 13,529
182 33,512
688
92,682 56,603 206,099 291,772

Public Public Public Public Public
Public Public Public Public

C&D C&D C&D C&D C&D
MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL

11,000 260,841
1,842 478,037
95,370
788,000 5,223,762 12,466,223 1,905,738

0 46
0 109
3
330 223 259 1,006

1 48
0 217
5
500 446 180 1,597

207,944 52,251
166,484 15,186

Private Private
Private Public

4,895 4,221

Public Public

1,026,486
647,509 25,499

Private
Private Public

MSWL C&D
C&D MSWL

2,438,740
356,706 2,547,045

C&D C&D

12,500 230,726
35,264

MSWL
MSWL MSWL

18,966,509 30,950,000
915,590

A - 9

765 171 576
45 19 14
3,530 1,771
102

1,391 342 757
83 47 27
4,663 2,952
154

Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years) 3 1
15
56 3.
N/A
11 20
8
9 19
63 40 N/A
8 69
6 38 95
4
6 4 12
1 18
5
14 37 21

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

County

Facility Name

S.R.13

Hall

Hall Co.-Candler Rd.

(S.R. 60)

Heart of Georgia-Altamaha

C&D

Appling

Appling Co.-Roaring

Creek

Laurens

Laurens Co. - Old

Macon Road

Toombs

Toombs Co. - S1898

MSW

Candler

Candler Co. - S.R.

121

Laurens

Laurens Co. - Old

Macon Rd.

Telfair

Telfair Co. - CR 144

Toombs

Toombs Co. - S 1898

Wayne

Wayne Co. - S.R. 23

Broadhurst

Lower Chattahoochee

C&D

Muscogee Columbus, Pine

Grove

MSW

Muscogee Columbus, Pine

Grove

McIntosh Trail

C&D

Spalding

Spalding Co. -

Griffin/Shoal Creek

Rd. (Phase 2)

MSW

Butts

Butts Co. - Pine

Ridge Recycling

Lamar

Lamar Co. - Cedar

Grove Regional

Middle Flint

C&D

Macon

Macon Co. - Middle

Georgia SWMA

Regional MSWL

Dooly1

Dooly Co. -- CR 101

MSW

Crisp

Crisp Co. - U.S. 41S

Taylor

Veolia E.S. Taylor Co.

Landfill

Middle Georgia

C&D

Bibb

Swift Creek Landfill

Baldwin

Central State

Hospital-Freeman

Building

Houston

Houston Co. -

S.R.247 Klondike

MSW

Bibb

Macon - Walker Rd.

Bibb Baldwin Houston Monroe

Swift Creek MSW Landfill Baldwin Co. - Union Hill Church Rd. Houston Co. - S.R. 247 Klondike Monroe Co. -

Total Tons Domain Facility

Disposed

Type

FY 2007

75,644

Public

MSWL

Remaining Capacity (CY) Average Daily Tons Rate of Fill (CYD)

5,771,144

251

502

4,569

Public

24,575
16,853
10,737
30,470
14,693 44,938 847,849

Public
Public
Public
Public
Public Public Private

C&D
MSWL C&D
MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL MSWL

441,412
347,314 222,446
362,736
2,048,576 488,086
1,533,271
9,315,051

18
81 75
45
100 70
150
2,848

37
193 150
71
186 140 300
2,637

6,488

Public

MSWL

75,950

Public

MSWL

214,592 5,020,990

26

52

304

607

36,451

Public

985,053 59,130

Private Public

C&D
MSWL MSWL

1,016,667
34,730,735 6,143,760

138
3,543 227

233
5,203 271

22,644

Public

2,253
48,253 479,924

Public
Public Private

C&D
C&D MSWL MSWL

490,707 0
10,228,058
47,801,524

56 0
172
2,400

13 0
358
3,000

17,470 5
56,499
99,174 234,861
17,795 152,855
16,252

Private Public
Public
Public Private Public Public Public

C&D C&D

358,761

C&D

7,324 3,380,106

Unlined

MSWL

2,157,043

MSWL

1,342,951

MSWL

2,359,207

MSWL

3,538,650

MSWL

2,277,365

A - 10

12

21

0

0

173

346

324

648

889

1,240

62

124

492

820

56

156

Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years)
37
46 6 5
20 36 12 18 12
17
33
15
24 80
17 0
104 56
64
N/A 32
2 4 66 15 42

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

County

Facility Name

Strickland Loop Rd.

Twiggs

Wolf Creek Landfill

North Georgia

MSW

Murray

Murray Co. - U.S. 411

Westside

Whitfield

Whitfield Co. - Dalton,

Old Dixie Hwy.

Northeast Georgia

C&D

Newton

Newton Co. - Forest

Tower/Lower River

Rd.

Oglethorpe Olgethorpe Co. - U.S.

78 Phase 2

Walton

U.S. 78 C&D Landfill

Walton

Walton C&D

MSW

Barrow

Republic Waste - Oak

Grove S.R. 324

Clarke

Clarke Co. - Athens

Dunlap Rd.

Newton

Newton Co. - Lower

River Rd.

South Georgia

C&D

Ben Hill

Cook

Cook Co. - Taylor Rd.

Adel

MSW

Ben Hill

Cook

Cook Co. - Taylor Rd.

Lowndes

Veolia E.S. Pecan

Row

Lowndes

Veolia E.S. Evergreen

MSWL

Tift

Tifton-

Omega/Eldorado Rd.

Southeast Georgia

C&D

Atkinson

Atkinson Co.-S.R. 50

Coffee

Transwaste Services,

Inc. C.R. 129/17

MSW

Atkinson

Atkinson Co.-S.R. 50

Charlton

Chesser Island Road

Landfill, Inc.

Southwest Georgia

C&D

Dougherty Dougherty Co.-

Fleming/Gaissert Rd.

Dougherty Maple Hill LF3

Thomas

Thomasville/Sunset

Dr.

MSW

Decatur

Decatur Co. - S.R. 309 Bainbridge2

Decatur Dougherty
Grady

U.S. Hwy. 27 MSWL Dougherty Co. Fleming/Gaissert Rd. Cairo-Sixth Ave

Total Tons Domain Facility

Disposed

Type

FY 2007

315,333

Public

MSWL

Remaining Capacity (CY) Average Daily Tons Rate of Fill (CYD)

10,986,323

1,150

1,917

125,986 138,642

Public Public

MSWL MSWL

13,306,719 8,307,638

513

789

451

722

23,424

Public

26,551 98,847 102,510
680,505 84,891 68,651

Public Private Private
Private Public Public

C&D
C&D C&D C&D MSWL MSWL MSWL

0 867,180 13,582,479 2,959,020
2,367,238 1,302,034 1,387,690

80 86 373 366
2,451 278 277

132 182 727 732
3,014 557 583

2,600 9,829

Public Public

631,176 8,542
650,729
49,897

Public Public Private
Private
Public

MSWL C&D
MSWL MSWL MSWL
MSWL
MSWL

631,176 23,486
544,945 2,113,884 16,274,016
747,434

10 50
2 50 3,050 340 212

19 100
3 100 3,389 567 289

41,147 251

Public Private

59,810 830,195

Public Private

MSWL C&D
MSWL MSWL

877,000 574,538 3,342,203 11,351,200

163 31
221 3,200

251 63
351 4,000

37,470 Public N/A Private
43,487 Public
793 Public
42,601 Public 80,216 Public 28,998 Public

MSWL
C&D C&D

279,088 10,951,000
265,749

Unlined MSW
Landfill MSWL MSWL
Unlined MSW
Landfill

0 1,282,109 4,499,750
311,925

A - 11

73

123

N/A

N/A

164

342

0

0

184

302

311

443

73

145

Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years) 20
62 38
0 16 73 14
3 8 8
17 1 0
20 2
100 9
14 N/A
37 10
7 N/A
3
0 15 33
9

Disposal and Capacity 2007 Report

County

Facility Name

Total Tons Domain Facility

Disposed

Type

FY 2007

Thomas

Thomasville/Sunset

Dr.

1 This facility closed during FY 2007

2 This facility is in closure

3 This facility is under construction

150,483 Public

MSWL

Remaining Capacity (CY) Average Daily Tons Rate of Fill (CYD)

2,594,387

566

666

Remaining Permitted Capacity (Years)
14

A - 12

Per Capita Disposal 2007 Solid Waste Management Update

Georgia's waste reduction efforts and continued permitting of new Construction and Demolition landfills has apparently resulted in a stabilization of the per-capita amount of waste entering Georgia's Municipal Solid Waste landfills. When excluding out-of-state waste imports, the daily per capita MSW disposal rate has remained constant since 2004, at 6.5 lbs/person/day.
Since FY 1998, the per capita municipal solid waste disposal rate has grown from 6.44 lbs/person/day to about 7.5 lbs/person/day. For FY 2007, Georgia's MSW landfills received 7.45 pounds of waste daily for each resident. Looking at records that exclude the amount of waste disposed from out-of-state sources, the per capita MSW disposal rate has been marginally lower, climbing from 6.31 lbs/person/day in FY 1998 to 6.46lbs/person/day in FY 2007.
As can be seen in the Per Capita Daily Waste Disposal graph, there is more than one way to track per-capita disposal rates. In FY 2007, the Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division (EPD) reported a total of 17,088,072 tons of waste disposed in Construction/Demolition and MSW landfills in the state. When looking at the reported total amounts of waste disposed, the per capita waste disposal rate grew to 10.17 lbs/person/day in FY 2007, up from 9.77 lbs/person/day in FY 2006. This figure represents all waste entering MSW and C&D landfills, including out-of-state sources. It includes residential waste, sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants, some industrial waste, construction debris, commercial and business waste, and waste brought here from other states. It does not include waste sent to incinerators or composting operations.

Per-Capita Daily Waste Disposal

12 10
8 6 4 2 0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Total Waste

MSW

Georgia MSW

C&D

B-1

Per Capita Disposal 2007 Update

Looking at the disposal rate at MSW landfills only, including waste disposed from out-of-state sources, the per capita disposal rate has hovered at about 7.5 pounds per person per day. It should be noted that these rates reflect all waste entering a MSW landfill as reported to the EPD, not just MSW. According to a 2001 study, about two-thirds of the waste disposed in MSW landfills is actually MSW. Based upon this estimate, the FY 2007 per capita MSW disposal rate, excluding waste imported into the state, is approximately 4.26 lbs/person/day.
Imported waste has grown ten-fold, from representing 0.1/lb/person/day in 1997 (less than 150,000tons) to 1.13 lbs/person/day in FY 2007 (nearly 2 million tons.)

Fiscal Year
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Georgia Waste Disposal Rate and Population

FY 1998-2007

Population Total Waste Total Waste Total Waste

Landfilled Landfilled Disposed in

(Millions of tons) (Pounds/ MSW Landfills

person/day)

(Tons)

7,673,965

10.75

7.68

9,026,078

Out of State Waste
(Tons) 193,819

Total MSW
(Pounds/ person/day)
6.44

7,844,792

11.43

7.98

9,382,622

453,875

6.55

8,015,626

12.71

8.69

9,724,736

511,472

6.65

8,186,453

13.36

8.94

10,678,980

893,651

7.15

8,383,915

13.04

8.52

10,233,692

950,779

6.68

8,544,005

14.25

9.14

11,135,473

1,197,686

7.14

8,684,715

15.77

9.95

11,916,124

1,633,182

7.52

8,918,129

16.46

9.85

12,155,598

1,627,044

7.47

9,132,553

16.66

9.77

12,531,898

1,889,312

7.52

9,363,941

17.09

10.17

12,746,159

1,942,647

7.45

GA MSW
(Pounds/ person/day)
6.31 6.24 6.30 6.55 6.05 6.38 6.50 6.52 6.48 6.46

For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us
B-2

Solid Waste & Recycling Collection 2007 Solid Waste Management Update

Waste Collection

Solid waste management is essential to reduce the harmful effect of waste on our health, environment and to recover

valuable resources from it. This update will focus on the level and type of solid waste collection, processing and, recycling

methods available throughout the State. The level and type of solid waste, recycling and yard trimmings collection

services provided throughout the state varies greatly depending upon a community's size, density and demographic

profile. The data contained in this report is obtained mainly from the Annual Solid Waste Management Survey and Full

Residential Waste and Recyclables

Cost Report. This data is used to acquire an over-all "annual snapshot" of solid waste and recycling activities in the State. Before applying any analysis to this data it should be noted that in FY 2004 there was a significant drop in the response rate (from 93% in FY 2003 to 79% in FY 2004). It is believed that the switch to the online reporting system is the primary reason for the significant drop in the response rate. Statistically this is the first year of reliable data collection since returning to a significant response rate. As a result this data should only be used for primary analysis.

Collection

FY 2004 - 2006

2004

No. of local governments responding 546 to Solid Waste Management Survey

Solid Waste Service Providers

Local governments

501

providing/arranging for residential

waste collection

Provided by public sector

336

Provided by private sector

379

Types of Residential Programs

2005
631
593
335 356

2006
643
640
347 293

In the table entitled Residential Waste & Recyclables Collection the changing role of local governments as solid waste collection service providers is highlighted. Many local

Curbside/backdoor City County

374

436

448

60

66

71

governments are now "providing for" rather than "arranging for" solid waste collection services. One potential trend appears to be the increasing availability of recycling services. In FY 2004 91% of those responding to the survey indicated that they provided or arranged for recycling services for their residents, in FY 2006 this number increased to 99%. It should be noted that this trend can not be validated until two more years of data is collected.

Staffed Drop-off City County
Unstaffed Drop-off City County
Dumpsters (Green box) City County
Recycling Service Providers Local governments making

44

42

21

95

80

57

17

40

26

25

43

32

27

23

20

49

25

17

390

395

408

Local governments can partner with the private sector to manage the waste generated within their communities by using permits, ordinances, franchise agreements, and/or contracts. Permits and ordinances governing the collection of solid waste are typically the least

residential recycling services available Provided by public sector Provided by private sector Provided by non-profit organization

266

264

290

67

77

112

57

80

80

restrictive tools local governments use to manage solid waste collection in their community. Collection ordinances typically establish general standards by

Private/Public Partnerships for Residential Waste Collection

FY 2004 - 2006

2004

2005

2006

which a private sector service provider

City County City County City County

must operate. Franchise agreements,

Private collection does not exist 158

55

178

59

181

59

either exclusive or open, generally

Issue permit or license

48

31

56

34

57

37

establish a minimum level of services

Local ordinance

230

70

251

79

267

84

that must be provided by all service providers and usually stipulate the

Franchise agreement

103

36

134

Governments contract

202

53

248

Open competition -- no local

139

66

167

40

142

41

60

260

63

72

169

72

specific operating standards. A

government oversight

contract between a local government

and private waste service provider provides the greatest degree of management control over the waste stream, with the

local government setting forth specific performance measures and standards to be met by both parties.

The number of local governments reporting they use ordinances continues to increase (300 in FY 2004 to 351 in FY 2006). Since this is only the second year of data collection since the wording of the question as well as the section of the survey in which the question was asked has changed, it would be premature to establish this as a trend.

C - 1

Solid Waste & Recycling Collection 2007 Update

As can be seen in the Residential Waste and Recyclables Collection table (C-1), the types of residential solid waste

collection services range from "green box" or Dumpster drop-off service to curbside or backdoor pick-up. One trend the

Department of Community Affairs has been tracking for several years is the use of Dumpsters. They are often placed in

unsupervised areas, usually in rural communities, for trash collection and frequently become dumping grounds for

everything from household trash to disabled vehicles, tires, and animal carcasses. They can become an eyesore in a

community and attract waste from neighboring jurisdictions. The number of local governments using

Yard Trimmings Management

green boxes for residential waste collection has

FY 2004 - 2006

dwindled in recent years. In 1994, 74 cities and 99 counties reported using them for residential waste collection. In FY 2006, just 20 cities and 17 counties

Promote home

2004

City County

24

27

2005

City County

25

25

2006

City County

22

29

reported using green boxes.

composting and grasscycling

Provide for collection 365

57

258

33

326

56

and disposal

Yard Trimmings Collection

Collection Options

Staffed drop-off

14

16

19

28

21

28

The number of local governments reporting that they

facilities

provide for the collection and disposal of yard

Unstaffed drop-off

9

3

9

3

10

3

trimmings fell from 422 in FY 2004 to 382 in FY 2006. This apparent decrease may be attributable to local

facilities Curbside collection Accepted at

220 3

5 15

294 21

22 32

302 23

21 31

governments using private contractors to arrange for

landfill/transfer station

this service. The number of counties reporting they

Other

13

3

16

6

18

7

provide collection services has increased from 33 in

FY 2005 to 56 in FY 2006. From the information reported it appears that this increase is occurring in the curbside

programs. The type of collection service options ranged from accepting yard trimmings at solid waste management

facilities like a solid waste transfer station to curbside collection programs.

Recyclables Collection

Residential Recycling Service Providers FY 2004 - 2006

During FY 2006, 408 local governments

reported they provided or arranged for

450

residential recycling services in their

400

communities. As can be seen in the

Residential Recycling Services Providers

350

graph, the strong tradition of public, private,

and non-profit partnerships used to provide

300

recycling services throughout Georgia

250

continues.

200
The number of local governments whose

residents have access to recycling services

150

has increased slightly during the last three years. Collection programs for paper, beverage 100

containers and plastics continue to rise. It

50

appears that cities and counties are expanding

collection programs at about the same rate.

0

This increase in programs may be linked to the

rise in prices for recyclable commodities. What

is notable is the increase in the number of

jurisdictions who reported collecting special

wastes such as electronic items.

2004

2005

2006

Governments with recycling services available to residents Provided by public sector Provided by private vendor Provided by non-profit organization

C - 2

Solid Waste & Recycling Collection 2007 Update
As shown in the Number of Jurisdictions Collecting Materials for Recycling tables on page C-4, there has been a steady increase in the number of local governments making residential recycling services available in their jurisdictions. Nationally and regionally, market prices for recycled materials have risen steadily. Over the past year we have seen a stabilization of the price for recycled materials. This price stabilization along with local residents demand has prompted local governments to add recycling services and to increase the number of materials they accept in their program. This report does not address the scale of the individual local recycling operations, which would be difficult to quantify. Rather, it focuses upon the level of recycling services being offered throughout the state. Since 1992, newspaper has been reported as the residential recyclable material most widely collected in Georgia, followed by aluminum cans. During FY 2006, the most popular commodities recycled from residences were newspaper (507 jurisdictions reporting collection); aluminum (463); corrugated cardboard (386); magazines (381); and #1 plastic (363). As the prices for recyclable glass increases local governments have added this material to their recycling programs. The tables on page C-4 tally the number of local governments collecting commercial and residential materials for recycling.
Recyclables Processing
In FY 2006 169 local governments reported processing residential recyclables as source separated materials, or reported that they collect source-separated materials from their customers. Source-separated means the materials are separated before being collected, typically by the consumer. For example, a homeowner may have to place glass, plastic and metal in separate containers before collection. Commingled collection means the consumer places all the material in one container and the material is sorted after collection, often by paid staff, inmates or probationers.

Processing of Residential Recyclables

FY 2004 - 2006

2004

2005

2006

City County City County City County

Source-separated

75

97

79

97

77

92

Commingled

32

12

46

14

31

13

Both

8

10

6

9

9

8

Unknown

52

34

32

21

27

34

C - 3

Solid Waste & Recycling Collection 2007 Update

Number of Jurisdictions Collecting

Residential Materials for Recycling by Type

Number of Jurisdictions Collecting

FY 2002 - 2006

Commercial Materials for Recycling by Type

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Automobile components tires auto batteries motor oil Metals aluminum scrap metal

FY 2002 - 2006
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

89

88

62

54

47

70

71

44

38

13

71

75

50

36

14

249

238

248

196

187

170

168

106

94

94

Automobile components tires auto batteries antifreeze motor oil oil filters Metals aluminum steel cans

137

136

117

142

127

93

91

89

100

88

22

24

18

21

24

101

93

66

95

100

17

23

18

28

25

362

334

292

452

463

165

157

118

226

228

Paper newspaper magazines corrugated cardboard white paper phone books other paper Misc. plastic glass

258

257

293

254

252

202

198

189

84

67

257

253

202

177

174

190

177

98

66

66

176

168

163

71

71

153

148

92

50

31

353

326

214

181

162

176

177

139

57

47

scrap metal aerosol cans Paper newspaper magazines corrugated cardboard phone books paper board other paper Misc.

212

214

124

208

204

41

40

16

39

35

380

365

344

509

507

298

280

269

378

381

314

287

280

368

386

241

234

202

322

324

129

132

111

72

105

234

206

172

236

253

#1 plastic

268

256

247

360

363

#2 plastic

244

255

208

311

324

other plastic

85

76

52

69

72

glass

266

251

180

303

311

white goods

250

239

246

225

222

Christmas trees

245

244

253

262

254

C&D materials

60

65

51

48

45

Transfer Stations

agricultural chemical containers

22

23

15

10

8

With fewer, more regional-sized landfills in the state and a wide array of solid waste collection programs, solid waste transfer stations continue to be a popular method of streamlining solid waste collection services. Transfer stations are especially effective when collection routes are farther than 50 miles from a landfill. Combining several conventional rear-loader garbage truck loads into a single tractor-trailer for the trip to the landfill saves fuel costs, vehicle wear and tear, and means fewer trucks can service more customers. Only

electronics

27

40

12

76

102

Household Hazardous Waste

paint

21

24

42

29

27

cleaning products

8

10

0

2

0

pesticides

3

7

4

4

4

other

25

21

19

12

6

n/a: Question not asked on that year's survey *Prior to the 2000 survey, DCA did not separate #1 and #2 plastics in its survey.

20 cities reported that they or their contractors used transfer

stations for the collection or disposal of residential waste in FY 1995. By FY 2006, 157 cities or their contractors were

using transfer stations to manage residential waste.

Use of Solid Waste

Transfer Stations

FY 2002 - 2006

City

County

2002

143

67

2003

146

70

2004

153

70

2005

157

72

2006

157

77

C - 4

Solid Waste & Recycling Collection 2007 Update

Georgia banned yard trimmings from lined Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills in 1996, as part of an effort to extend landfill disposal capacity. Effective Sept. 1, 1996, each city, county and solid waste management authority was required to impose restrictions on yard trimmings generated in or disposed within their jurisdiction. The restrictions required that yard trimmings:

Not be placed in or mixed with municipal solid waste;
Be sorted and stored for collection to facilitate composting or other handling;
To the maximum extent feasible be sorted, stockpiled or chipped for composting or used as a mulch or for other beneficial purposes; and
Be banned from disposal at MSW disposal facilities having liners and leachate collection systems.
Annually, DCA surveys local governments to determine how they collect, process and use yard trimmings generated within their communities. During FY 2006, 22 cities and 29 counties reported actively promoting waste minimization practices such as home composting or beneficial reuse of yard trimmings. During FY 2006, 326 cities and 56 counties reported collecting yard trimmings for diversion from MSW landfills. It is not surprising, given lot sizes and population densities, that cities lead the way in providing yard trimmings collection services. Most local governments also reported that they provided the collection services with just a few indicating they contracted with a private vendor to collect yard trimmings. In many areas, especially urban and suburban communities, the visible result of the yard trimmings ban has been the presence of large paper bags of leaves and grass at curbsides. Collection of yard trimmings in paper bags enables them to be ground into a mulch or feedstock for composting. The majority of local governments who reported collecting yard trimmings either ground or shredded the collected material for use as mulch, however 134 local governments reported disposing the collected materials into an inert landfill. Composting and burning were also reported as common processing methods.
Yard trimmings, when processed properly, have numerous beneficial uses in a community. The use of compost and mulch is extremely beneficial for slowing stormwater runoff and retaining moisture around plants. Many local governments use processed yard trimmings as mulch for their landscaping and civil engineering applications or report offering the processed yard trimmings to their citizens for residential landscaping.

Yard Trimmings Management

FY 2004 - 2006

2004

2005

2006

City County City County City County

Promote Home

24

27

25

25

22

29

Composting and

Beneficial Reuse

Provide for collection 365

57

258

33

326

56

and disposal

Collection

Not available

137

86

178

96

189

96

Your government

308

54

242

76

245

8

Another government 18

12

17

22

12

9

Solid Waste

7

6

8

11

7

8

Authority

Private vendor via

8

20

11

24

8

17

individual

subscription

Private vendor via

19

12

35

11

36

9

government contract

Collection Options

Staffed drop-off

16

23

16

32

20

29

facilities

Unstaffed drop-off

9

6

10

8

10

3

facilities

Curbside collection

220

15

240

16

277

22

Accepted at

19

39

21

44

23

54

landfill/transfer

station

Other

8

6

8

6

Processing Methods

Composting

46

12

48

18

35

9

Solid waste landfill

35

8

22

8

42

5

Inert landfill

177

94

154

92

104

30

Grind/chip into

177

55

183

76

158

30

mulch

Own a

146

20

143

29

144

17

chipper/shredder

Contract out

35

33

31

33

47

21

chipping/shredding

Use another local

17

9

18

9

21

3

government's

chipper/shredder

Burning

24

0

24

4

26

0

Other

0

0

23

6

0

0

Beneficial Use

Give away

180

56

178

68

159

16

Sell

8

7

8

8

11

3

Used by local

112

26

97

41

48

17

government

Becomes property of 39

13

39

15

39

21

private contractor

C - 5

MSW and C&D Landfill Tipping Fees 2007 Solid Waste Management Update
Landfill tipping fees across Georgia remain competitive with other Southeastern states. Posted gate rate tipping fees have steadily risen in recent years, but the increasing amount of waste sent to Georgia for disposal indicates the actual contract prices per ton remain attractive to waste hauling companies, compared with our neighboring states. Annually during the month of July, DCA conducts a phone survey of the landfills in the state to identify their posted "gate rate" tipping fee to calculate regional and statewide average disposal fees. Based upon these surveys, the average tipping fee for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in the state fell slightly from $35.51 per ton in 2006 to $35.08 in 2007. It should be noted that the fees reported represent an average of the posted gate rates charged by landfills throughout the state; actual prices paid are frequently lower, sometimes by more than half, depending on volume discounts offered to waste haulers, businesses, and local governments. Also, several large Atlanta landfills significantly increased their posted gate rates in an effort to dissuade customers with small loads. DCA also tracks tipping fees for Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste. C&D tipping fees fell from $22.09 per ton in 2006 to $21.11 in 2007. This is possibly due to the increasingly common practice of MSW landfills dedicating a portion of their operation exclusively to C&D disposal, allowing them to charge rates more competitive with C&D landfills. The requirement to cover all waste daily is waived for C&D landfills, allowing them lower operational costs. Also, they do not have the expensive liner and monitoring requirements that MSW landfills must comply with.
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MSW and C&D Landfill Tipping Fees 2007 Update

Average Tipping Fees Paid at Georgia MSW Landfills

Region

Coosa Valley/North Georgia 1

Georgia Mountains

2

Atlanta Regional Commission 3

Chatt. Flint/McIntosh Trail

4

Northeast Georgia

5

Middle Georgia

6

Central Savannah River Area 7

Middle Flint/Lower Chatt.

8

Heart of Georgia-Altamaha

9

Southwest Georgia

10

South Georgia/Southeast Ga. 11

Coastal Georgia

12

McIntosh Trail

Middle Flint

North Georgia

Southeast Georgia

State of Georgia

2007 Average MSW
Tipping Fee $32.26 $37.20 $38.26 $31.95 $36.69 $27.88 $33.50 $35.37 $30.16 $24.99 $35.08 $47.13
$35.08

2006 Average MSW
Tipping Fee $32.38 $37.26 $38.40 $31.90 $36.92 $26.01 $33.55 $35.43 $30.19 $24.86 $35.90 $47.13
$35.51

2005 Average MSW
Tipping Fee $32.48 $36.63 $40.77 $30.00 $36.63 $27.04 $32.79 $27.50 $29.10 $24.60 $31.39 $46.71 $31.71 $37.81 $31.00 $28.36
$35.38

Average Tipping Fees Paid at Georgia C&D Landfills

Region

Coosa Valley/North Georgia

1

Georgia Mountains

2

Atlanta Regional Commission 3

Chatt. Flint/McIntosh Trail

4

Northeast Georgia

5

Middle Georgia

6

Central Savannah River Area 7

Middle Flint/Lower Chatt.

8

Heart of Georgia-Altamaha

9

Southwest Georgia

10

South Georgia/Southeast Ga. 11

Coastal Georgia

12

McIntosh Trail

Middle Flint

North Georgia*

Southeast Georgia

State of Georgia

2007 Average
C&D Tipping Fee
$19.23 $27.28 $22.42 $27.52 $23.37 $15.50 $30.54 $24.23 $25.36
n/a $22.00 $21.63
$21.11

2006 Average
C&D Tipping Fee
$18.17 $31.20 $21.96 $29.29 $23.31 $16.26 $30.65 $24.38 $25.45 $16.50 $34.38 $14.65 $26.55
$22.09

2005 Average C&D
Tipping Fee
$26.70 $29.99 $31.46 $27.36 $24.78 $21.64 $28.78 $25.00 $24.29 $22.24 $24.11 $31.34 $26.55 $22.50 $ $28.48
$30.21

D-2

MSW and C&D Landfill Tipping Fees 2007 Update

GA MSW Landfill Tipping Fees 2006

2 1

3

5

Legend
$24.86 - $30.00 $30.01 - $35.00 $35.01 - $37.50 $37.51 - $47.28 $35.51 State average

4

7

6

8

9

12

10

11

Data Source: DCA - Office of Environmental Management - phone survey, 2006 Map prepared by: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, 2006

GA C&D Landfill Tipping Fees 2006

2 1

3

5

Legend
$16.26 - $20.00 $20.01 - $25.00 $25.01 - $27.50 $27.51 - $34.38 $22.09 State average

4

7

6

8

9

12

10

11

MSW Landfill Tipping Fees, 2005

North Georgia

Coosa Valley

Georgia Mountains

Atlanta Regional Commission

Northeast Georgia

Legend
$20.00 - $24.99 $25.00 - $29.99 $30.00 - $34.99 $35.00 and above

Chattahoochee Flint McIntosh Trail

Lower Chattahoochee

Middle Georgia

Central Savannah River Area

Middle Flint

Heart of Georgia - Altamaha

Coastal Georgia

Southwest Georgia
South Georgia

Southeast Georgia

Source: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management - phone survey, 2005

C&D Landfill Tipping Fees, 2005

North Georgia Coosa Valley

Georgia Mountains

Atlanta Regional Commission

Northeast Georgia

Legend
$20.00 or less $20.01 - $23.00 $23.01 - $27.00 $27.01 and above

Chattahoochee

Flint

McIntosh

Trail

Central Savannah River Area

Middle Georgia

Lower Chattahoochee
Middle Flint

Heart of Georgia - Altamaha

Coastal Georgia

Southwest Georgia

South Georgia

Southeast Georgia

Data Source: DCA - Office of Environmental Management - phone survey, 2006 Map prepared by: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, 2006

Source: Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management - phone survey, 2005

Calculating Weighted Average Tipping Fees
To account for tonnage disparities between large and small landfills, a weighted average tipping fee was used. If out-of-county residents or businesses were charged a higher rate than in-county customers, the higher rate was used. Tipping fees charged for MSW at transfer stations were excluded. When tipping fee rates were reported by volume rather than weight, a ratio of four cubic yards to one ton (4 CY: 1 ton) was used to approximate weight-based rates. Weighted averages were calculated for the area served by each RDC and for the state by multiplying the Average Daily Tons received at each facility (ADT) by the per-ton gate fee, divided by the total ADT for all landfill facilities within each region and within the state. The process was repeated for C&D landfills. To avoid double counting, Average Daily Tonnage was assigned to the MSW column for those facilities charging the same rate for MSW and C&D waste. Most facilities charge the same rate for C&D and MSW received, but a significant number do not. In these cases, the landfills were asked to provide an approximate ratio of MSW to C&D waste received. Weighted averages were calculated using the method described above, with the Average Daily Tons reported split accordingly between MSW and C&D. For facilities that reported receiving no C&D waste, their fees were not used in calculating average C&D fees. In all regions, this dropped the average C&D fee, in some cases resulting in no C&D average cost for certain regions.

D-3

Grants and Loans to Local Governments
2007 Solid Waste Management Update
During Fiscal Year 2007, over half a million dollars ($594,196.62) in Solid Waste Trust Fund (SWTF) receipts were awarded to Georgia communities to help them manage solid waste. By fostering the development of local, integrated solid waste management programs, the SWTF, funded by a $1 per tire fee when new tires are purchased in the state, is used for scrap tire management and cleanup; closure of abandoned landfills, grants to local governments for waste reduction and recycling; emergency, preventative and corrective actions at solid waste facilities, market development from recycled products; solid waste education and enforcement; and litter prevention and abatement. The fund is used to support the Environmental Protection Division's (EPD) Local Government Scrap Tire Eradication Reimbursement program, the Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority's (GEFA) Recycling and Waste Reduction Grant program, solid waste programs offered by the Georgia Department of Community Affairs (DCA) and other state agencies, and local government programs striving to reduce and manage the solid waste disposed in Georgia. In addition to the programs supported by the SWTF, the Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority and Georgia Department of Community Affairs have other grant and loan programs available to local governments to support their solid waste management efforts.
Environmental Protection Division (EPD)
EPD's Local Government Scrap Tire Eradication Reimbursement program was designed to support local efforts to prevent and enforce against illegal scrap tire and solid waste disposal. The program gives local governments financial incentives to use enforcement and education activities to address:
1. The management of scrap tires, including preventing the illegal dumping of scrap tires;
2. Solid waste reduction and the controlling of illegal dumps; and
3. Other environmental issues. An eligible applicant may be comprised of one or more local governments. Grant funds are available for establishing and maintaining local programs that uses enforcement, eradication, and education components to meet its program goals. Continued grant funding is not guaranteed from year to year. Renewal requests are based upon need, the performance of the Local Government Scrap Tire Eradication Reimbursement program, and the availability of funds.
Grant information and application material for the Local Government Scrap Tire Eradication Reimbursement program are available on the Environmental Protection Division's web site, www.dnr.state.ga.us under "Environmental" then under "Technical Guidance." Or, contact Winthrop Brown at (404) 362-2537 or email winthrop.brown@dnr.state.ga.us.
F- 1

Grants and Loans to Local Governments 2007 Update
EPD disbursed over $371 thousand dollars in Local Government Scrap Tire Eradication Reimbursement program funds in FY 2007. EPD's program prevents against the illegal disposal and management of scrap tires and solid waste. The program funded projects in 37 communities, offsetting the local costs to clean up tire piles where the responsible party is either unwilling to remove the tires, cannot afford to remove them, or is unknown. A local government may also use program money to remove tires as part of a community-sponsored clean up event (e.g., Earth Day, America Recycles Day, or Rivers Alive). Below is a list of communities that received funding in 2007.

Community City of Keysville City of Homerville City of Swainsboro City of Atlanta
City of Eatonton City of Hogansville City of Loganville Baker County Banks County Barrow County Bulloch County Cook County Crawford County

Local Government Scrap Tire Eradication Reimbursement Program Awards

FY 2007

Amount

Community

Amount

Community

$ 4,458.93

Decatur County

$26,332.15

Murray County

$56,320.50

Fannin County

$ 5,000.00

Oglethorpe County

$11,261.00

Forsyth County

$ 1,935.25

Oglethorpe County

$27,348.50

Fulton County

$17,850.00

Quality Tire

Recycling

$ 3,408.25

Hall County

$ 5,404.55

Peach County

$ 0.00

Hart County

$12,880.54

Pierce County

$18,000.00

Jackson County

$12,945.27

Polk County

$13,659.26

Johnson County

$ 3,830.75

Randolph County

$ 3,750.00

Lamar County

$ 3,250.00

Rockdale County

$ 6,447.50

Laurens County

$12,541.30

Screven County

$ 6,348.00

Liberty County

$ 2,000.00

Union County

$24,517.09

Lowndes County

$ 8,451.75

$ 4,779.75

Madison County

$ 6,761.10

TOTAL

Amount $ 3,700.00 $ 748.85 $ 737.98 $ 2,100.00
$ 2,405.70 $ 8,250.00 $12,652.00 $15,186.00 $ 1,336.25 $16,204.90 $ 8,697.50
$371,500.62

Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority (GEFA)
GEFA annually administers a program funded by the SWTF that is intended to help local governments foster an integrated approach to solid waste management by supporting waste reduction, recycling, and composting programs. Grants of up to $50,000 are available to qualified cities, counties, and solid waste authorities. Demonstration projects or projects implementing an integrated solid waste management plan designed to help the state reach its waste reduction goal were eligible to receive grants of up to $200,000.
Grant applications are typically due in late March and reviewed in mid-April. Awards are typically announced in May. GEFA Recycling and Waste Reduction Grant applications are available by request or can be downloaded from the GEFA Web site at www.gefa.org. Contact Richard Ross at (404) 584-1031 or rross@gefa.org to request and application or to obtain more information about GEFA's Recycling and Waste Reduction Grant program.
GEFA disbursed $222,696 in Recycling and Waste Reduction Grants in FY 2007. The program funded projects in 7 local communities, offsetting the local costs of waste reduction and recycling through the purchase of equipment for local government recycling centers and supporting the development of integrated solid waste management plans. A list of communities awarded grants in 2007 and a brief description of their program are included in the table on the following page.

G-2

Grants and Loans to Local Governments 2007 Update

Community City of Alpharetta City of Atlanta
City of Camilla Dalton-Whitfield County Hall County
Oconee County
City of Thomason
TOTAL

Recycling and Waste Reduction Grants

FY 2007

Amount

Description

$22,500.00

Hold one-day household hazardous waste collection event

$63,250.00

Purchase special RFID tags for collection bins to electronically collect recycling data.

$16,946.00

Purchase new forklift.

$25,000.00

Purchase five (5) 40-cubic yard collection containers.

$45,000.00 $10,000.00 $40,000.00 $222,696.00

Conduct a facilities assessment of existing recycling programs and practices.
Purchase commercial-grade composting bins for resale to citizens at reduced cost.
Expand current recycling center in order to offer recycling services to Warren County and the City of Warrenton.

Another financial support program offered by GEFA is their low interest revolving loan program available to local governments. There were no GEFA funds loaned to local jurisdictions for solid waste programs in FY 2007.

Georgia Department of Community Affairs (DCA)
DCA annually administers a Local Development Fund Grant program, a state appropriated grant program that provides matching grants to finance community improvement activities, including solid waste management projects. Grants are typically awarded in maximum amounts of $10,000 for single community projects and $20,000 for multi-community projects. Applications are reviewed based on the following criteria:
Feasibility including such factors as reasonableness of budgets and timetables, adequate consideration of all the factors necessary for implementation, commitment from other funding sources, etc.
Impact of the project on the community and community need.
No Local Development Fund Grant projects were awarded during FY 2007.
More information on the Local Development Funds is available on DCA's Web site at www.dca.state.ga.us or contact Cynthia Easley at 404-679-4789 or ceasley@dca.state.ga.us.

For more information regarding Georgia's solid waste management or for a glossary of terms used in this report, contact the Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Environmental Management at 404-679-4940, or online at www.dca.state.ga.us/environmental/swar.html
G-2