Biennial report of Georgia Department of Agriculture for calendar years 1937 and 1938

For Calendar Years 1937 and 1938

BIENNIAL REPORT of
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
For Calendar Years 1937 and 1938
Reports of BUREAU OF MARKETS FOOD AND DRUG DIVISION FERTILIZER DIVISION STATE CHEMIST VETERINARIAN WOMEN'S DIVISION CASHIER
Columbus Roberts,
Commissioner

COMMISSIONER'S STATEMENT

Governor E. D. Rivers,

State Capitol,

Atlanta, Georgia.

Dear Governor:

As provided by law, I herewith submit to you and to the members of the

Legislature the Report of the Georgia Department of Agriculture covering the

calendar years 1937 and 1938.

Reports of the various Divisions of the Department are included herein.

The leases on the Atlanta Farmers' Market expire in 1940 and I recommend

that the Legislature appropriate $600,000.00, this to be supplemented by a

grant from the Government to be used in building a new and larger market

in Atlanta and for the expansion and improvement of the other State markets.

More than 100,000 trucks patronized the Atlanta Market last year and the

present site is entirely too small to meet the needs of the Market.

Inasmuch as Drugs are not farm products, I recommend that the Legis

lature make a special appropriation for the operation of this department, as I

do not believe that the fees paid by the farmers should be used for non-farm

subjects. This division is now operated on the fees received by other divisions.

In 1937 the Legislature created the Milk Control Board and made the Com

missioner of Agriculture a member of the board by law. I objected to being

made a member of the Board by law because I opposed the creation of the

Board and served only in order that I might do all in my power for the milk

producer--the man who owns and milks the cows. I have always been a

minority member of the Board, having no voice in the workings of it.

I requested the 1938 session of the Legislature to amend the law and

remove me as a member or amend the law. I still am opposed to the Board

and again recommend that the Legislature remove me as a member, because

I believe it works an injustice on the farmer who produces the milk and also

on the consumer of the milk. This milk control act has resulted, in my opinion,

in the farmer can shipper receiving a lower price for his milk and the

consumer having to pay a higher price.

During my administration, every Division has been put on an efficient

working basis, functioning in the interest of the citizens of Georgia, especially

the farmers, who I am primarily commissioned to serve.

The Department of Agriculture is maintained by fees paid by dealers in

various farm products, such as fertilizer, feedstuffs and for egg inspection, and

the Farmers' Markets operated by the state are operated on fees charged

truckers, and from funds obtained by renting stalls or space at the Atlanta

market to either buyers or sellers of produce.

The rent alone on the Market sites is $22,000.00 annually and no provision

has been made by law to pay these expenses except from fees.

If funds were provided to pay rents and to operate the markets, especially

in Atlanta, then a free market for farmers and all, buyers and sellers of

produce, could be maintained, but since no such funds are provided by appro

priation, it is necessary to charge fees and rent space.

The Department of Agriculture was created to aid the 1,413,000 people who

live on Georgia farms and fees are charged on the sale of products to them,

therefore, I recommend that the Department continue to receive the fees col

lected by it, which may be spent in the Farmers' behalf.

Yours very truly,

COLUMBUS ROBERTS,

January 15, 1939.

Commissioner.

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BUREAU OF MARKETS

Hon. Columbus Roberts, Commissioner of Agriculture, State Capitol, Atlanta.
Dear Mr. Roberts:

The following is the report of the Bureau of Markets for 1937 and 1938: The main object of the Bureau of Markets during the past two years (1937-1938) has been to find markets for farm products; to bring the buyer and seller together, and to send truckers where the producers' products were located.

During these two years the Bureau of Markets has operated six farmers' wholesale markets, twelve months in each year, and one farmers' market three months in each year. The salaries of the market managers and other market expenses were included in the Bureau of Markets payroll.

These markets handled large quantities of produce for the farmers of Georgia, the Atlanta market, of course, handling the most.
During these past two years it has been commonly known to truckers and buyers throughout the United States that the Georgia State Farmers' Market, located in Atlanta, is the terminal market of the southeastern states and as evidenced by this fact, the quantity of produce handled directly through this market in 1938 was 67% more than in the previous year of 1937. Approxi mately 100,000 trucks patronized this market in 1938.
The Bureau of Markets, with the cooperation of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, calculates and records each day the amount of produce coming on the Atlanta market and also the price that each commodity is selling for during each day.

The market managers of the other markets are required to keep records similar to the Atlanta market and sent it each month to the Bureau of Markets, where it is recorded.
Below is an itemized statement showing the approximate amount of produce and its value during the calendar year 1937 sold on the Atlanta State Farmers' Market:

Commodity Apples Beans Beets Cabbage Cantaloupes Carrots Celery Grapefruit Collards Green corn Cucumbers

Quantity 299,000 320,059 22,239 14,010 135,252 37,042 12,133 134,871 80,731 697,218 15,995

(kind of container) bushels bushels doz. bunches tons bushels doz. bunches crates 4/5 bu. bags doz. bunches doz. ears bushels

4

Amount $180,336.00
494,149.00 9,873.00
245,650.00 107,100.00
16,600.00 41,063.00 100,789.00 38,995.00 82,638.00 16,974.00

Commodity Eggplant Grapes Plants Lettuce Mustard greens Okra Pineapples Green onions Dry onions Oranges Peaches Pepper Tangerines Watermelons Pears Tomatoes Green peas Field peas Turnip salad Bunched turnips Berries Spinach Squash Sweet potatoes Radishes Irish potatoes Parsley Rutabagas Avocados Broccoli Cauliflower Figs Parsnips
Total packages, 1937

Quantity (kind of container) 14,673 bushels 2,259 bushels
386,000 number 4,031 crates
29,159 doz. bunches 25,034 bushels
1,432 crates 20,313 doz. bunches 68,250 bags 255,152 4/5 bu. bags 57,252 bushels 21,476 bushels 21,275 bushels 625,938 number 32,435 bushels 148,565 crates 43,278 bushels 35,004 bushels 78,208 bushels 71,348 doz. bunches 20,892 crates 33,158 bushels 50,971 bushels 138,674 bushels
4,146 doz. bunches 105,510 bags (100 lbs.)
2,041 bunches 41,001 bushels
2,306 bushels 701 crates 492 crates
2,149 gallons 890 crates

Amount 15,100.00
4,518.00 463.00
8,232.00 13,020.00 31,802.00
1,806.00 5,500.00 102,000.00 196,895.00 69,966.00 14,900.00 13,100.00 53,500.00 17,189.00 257,992.00 37,752.00 27,650.00 43,738.00 31,018.00 38,980.00 26,890.00 46,982.00 71,978.00 2,020.00 144,022.00 1,020.00 31,020.00 4,612.00 2,103.00 1,000.00
430.00 1,600.00

3,726,873

Total value--$2,852,966.00

1938 SALES

Below is an itemized statement of the produce sold on the Atlanta market the calendar year 1938:

Commodity Apples Avocados Beans (Lima) Beans (Snap) Broccoli Beets Cabbage Cauliflower

Quantity (kind of container) 323,115 bushels 6,096 bushels 129,059 bushels 533,052 bushels 1,845 bushels 47,985 doz. bunches 16,854 tons 4,487 bushels

Amount $269,662.00
16,995.00 147,698.00 538,194.00
4,242.00 20,280.00 349,190.00
6,445.00

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Commodity Carrots Cantaloupes Celery Collards Green corn Cucumbers Cocoanuts Perries Eggplant (grapefruit Kale . Lettuce Mustard greens Okra Dry onions Green onions Peaches Parsnips Pears Parsley Peas, green Pecans Peas, field Pineapple Pepper Plants Irish potatoes Rutabagas Spinach Squash Sweet potatoes Tangerines Oranges Tomatoes Turnips, bunches Turnip salad Watermelons
Total packages, 1938

Quantity (kind of container) 67,294 doz. bunches
251,323 bushels 18,911 crates
135,718 doz. bunches 1,100,000 doz. ears
38,848 bushels 9,980 number 2,730 crates
51,073 bushels 298,906 4/5 bu. bags
2,585 bushels 2,993 crates 38,803. bushels 43,313 bushels 118,415 bags 44,355 doz. bunches 223,120 bushels 1,321 bushels 96,758 bushels 3,731 bushels 60,590 bushels 63,655 pounds 95,673. bushels 2,870 crates 62,214 bushels 28,497,000 number 154,030 bags (100 lbs.) 63,275 bushels 48,200 bushels 81,220 bushels 289,890 bushels 69,290 bushels 792,200 4/5 bu. bags 322,200 crates 173,950 doz. bunches 198,840 bushels 1,375,954 number

Amount 32,460.00 141,011.00 42,210.00 62,687.00 139,549.00 33,900.00
500.00 5,990.00 52,100.00 183,706.00 2,290.00 9,138 00 31,690.00 59,200.00 146,600.00 15,120.00 171,140.00 1,400.00 34,690.00 1,920.00 64,300.00 8,848.00 45,980,00 9,540.00 64,200.00 35,667.00 199,980.00 38,500.00 27,800.00 61,900.00 187,740.00 56,900,00 610,900.00 426,500.00 77,700.00 95,650.00 157,420.00

7,493,721

Total value--$4,689,532.00

SALES AT MACON

In quantity and value, the Macon Farmers' Market was the second largest for these years--1937 and 1938.
Below is a list of the produce handled through this market during calendar year 1937:

Commodity Apples Bananas Beans, snap

Quantity 17,300 620 8,775

(kind of container) bushels bunches bushels

Amount $12,500.00
1,800.00 10,100.00

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Commodity Beans, Lima Beets Cabbage Carrots Cantaloupes Collards Corn, green Sugarcane Crapes Grapefruit Navy beans Avocado pears Cocoanuts Celery Cucumbers Eggplant Lettuce Onions, green Spinach Peaches Melons Strawberries Syrup Chickens Mustard greens Okra Onions, dry Pineapple pears Pepper Eield peas English peas Irish potatoes Sweet potatoes Turnips Tomatoes Squash Tangerines Oranges Turkeys
Total packages, 1937

Quantity (kind of container) 17,600 bushels 1,320 doz. bunches
998,000 pounds 610 doz. bunches
3,000 bushels 12,450 doz. bunches 20,100 doz. ears 13,100 stalks
380 lugs 5,100 bushels
27 bags 40 bushels 5,200 number 120 crates 780 bushels 380 bushels 300 crates 1,902 doz. bunches 462 bushels 12,200 bushels 28,400 number 6,200 quarts 1,010 gallons 2,000 lbs. 1,152 doz. bunches 860 bushels 2,150 bags 52 bushels 840 bushels 12,210 bushels 850 bushels 3,040 bags 9,420 bushels 10,200 doz. bunches 8,180 crates 1,400 bushels 420 bushels 16,480 bushels 82 number

Amount 22,650.00
620.00 9,980.00
302.00 1,800.00 4,720.00 4,100.00
270.00 380.00 4,080.00
27.00 40.00 26.00 350.00 540.00 387.00 1,400.00 760.00 404.00 15,402.00 2,840.00 610.00 850.00 200.00 560.00 1,100.00 3,210.00 42.00 840.00 6,780.00 910.00 4,120.00 6,080.00 4,980.00 12,270.00 1,100.00 420.00 11,526.00 148.00

1,224,612

Total value--$151,224.00

1938 SALES

Below is a list of produce sold on the Macon market during the calendar year 1938:

Commodity Apples Bananas Beans, snap

Quantity 19,365 765 10,775

(kind of container) bushels bunches bushels

7

Amount $15,492.00
2,295.00 12,930.00

Commodity Beans, Lima Beets Cabbage Carrots Cantaloupes Collards Corn, green Sugarcane Grapes Grapefruit Navy beans Avocado pears Cocoanuts Celery Cucumbers Eggplant Lettuce Onions, green Spinach Peaches Melons Strawberries Syrup Poultry Mustard greens Okra Onions, dry Pineapple pears Pepper Field peas English peas Irish potatoes Sweet potatoes Turnips Tomatoes Squash Tangerines Oranges
Total packages, 1938

Quantity (kind of container) 19,948 bushels 1,358 doz. bunches
1,397,530 pounds 616 doz. bunches
3,422 bushels 14,767 dozen 23,133 dozen 19,167 stalks
387 lugs 5.413 bushels
217 bags 80 bushels
6,400 number 122 crates 808 bushels 387 bushels 432 crates
1,938 dozen 482 bushels
24,512 bushels 56,296 number
6,416 quarts 2,030 gallons 13,262 pounds 1,174 doz. bunches 1,669 bushels 6,415 bags
41 bushels 1,652 bushels 55,292 bushels 1,577 bushels 6,402 bags 14,818 bushels 25,283 doz. bunches 12,286 crates 1,920 bushels
584 bushels 27,983 bushels

Amount 25,932.00
679.00 12,578.00
308,00 2,738.00 5,907.00 4,627.00
383.00 387.00 4,330.00 220.00
80.00 32.00 366.00 566.00 400.00 2,160.00 775.00 424.00 29,414.00 5,629.00 642.00 868.00 1,372.00 587.00 2,260.00 9,622.00 36.00 1,652.00 29,175.00 1,734.00 9,603.00 10,373.00 10,113.00 19,659.00 1,157.00 584.00 22,386.00

1,786,518

Total value--$252,393.00

OTHER MARKETS
The Valdosta market was third largest in the handling of produce during the past two years. There was handled through this market some thirty-two different products each year, mostly lima beans, cantaloupes, green corn and field peas. This territory is also a large cabbage, tomato and cucumber pro ducing area, but due to the absence of railroad facilities at this market, there was only a small quantity of these products handled there. This division is making a survey now and will endeavor to put in a side track at the market and if this is done, the Valdosta market has great possibilities in the handling of larger quantities of produce in the future.
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In 1937 there was handled directly across this market approximately $38,500.00 worth of produce and in 1938 approximately $45,200.00 worth.
The Bureau of Markets has also been planning and work is now under way in the laying of a side track on the Thomasville market.
In the Thomasville area more carloads are shipped each year by rail than any other producing area in the State and this coming produce season we intend to give the producers there the privilege of loading from our market. This will attract new buyers to the market and furnish the smaller producers a better market for their broken lots. The manager of the market can be of valuable assistance to the cooperative farmers in showing them how to grade and pack their produce to load in carlots, whereby they can obtain the highest possible prices.
During 1937 there was approximately $28,000.00 worth of produce handled through the Thomasville market and in 1938 there was approximately $35,000.00 worth. This consisted mostly of snap and Lima beans, squash, field peas and cabbage. With the railroad facilities the Thomasville market in the future will probably double the above figures many times in a short while. This market during the past two years has constantly been flooded with truckers and stationary buyers, thereby giving the farmers of that section a good price for their produce. About ninety per cent of the produce on this market moves into Florida's largest cities. With the strong demand growing, we can see a bright outlook for the Thomasville market.
The Glennville market handles practically every farm produce grown in South Georgia but we think of this market mostly as an outlet for many thousands of bushels of tomatoes each year. The Bureau of Markets each year obtains buyers and places them on this market and gives the tomato producers keen competitive prices for their crop. Last year this market tried the "Auction" system of marketing, which worked out very successfully. Each hour during the day the produce was sold by auction, similar to the tobacco markets.
During 1937 there was handled directly across the floors of this market approximately $27,500.00 worth of produce and in 1938 approximately $32,500.00 worth.
The Claxton market is in the same locality practically as the Glennville market and both markets work more or less jointly. This market also sells by "Auction" and attracts many buyers each year.
The Claxton market only stays open during about three months in each year, depending entirely upon the length of the tomato season.
In 1937 approximately $14,200.00 worth of produce went through this mar ket as compared with $17,500.00 in 1938.
The Douglas market affords an outlet for mostly beans, cantaloupes, onions, peas and tomatoes.
1937 showed the Douglas market handling approximately $23,200.00 worth of produce and in 1938 approximately $28,000.00 worth.
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TOTAL SALES AT MARKETS

Market ATLANTA
1 937 1938 _________. MACON 1 Q27
1938 _________ VALDOSTA
1937 1938
THOMASVILLE 1 937 1938
GLENNVILLE 1937 1938
CLAXTON 1937 1938
DOUGLAS 1937 1938

Packages
3,726,873 7,493,721
1,224,612 1,786,518

Value
$2,852,965 4,689,532
151,224 252,393
38,500 45,200
28,000 35,000
27.500 32.500
14,200 17,500
23,200 28,000

Totals for 1937-1938

Pkgs.

Value

11,220,594 $7,542,497.00

3,011,130

403,617.00

83,700.00

63,000.00

60,000.00

31,700.00

51,200.00

TOTAL ALL MARKETS FOR TWO YEARS.__ __._14,231,724 $8,235,714.00

OTHER SALES
Not included in the figures given with the markets, the market managers found buyers and handled directly for the farmers of their territories many thousands of dollars worth of farm products each year. This consisted mostly of the producers' surpluses of corn, hay, cowpeas, beans, syrup and perishable products. The market managers also assisted the producers in giving them information on the best methods of producing perishable products, the varieties best suited for the market, ordering seed and other essentials cooperatively, and the best methods of grading and packaging to obtain higher prices on the markets.
In addition to the market managers, the Bureau of Markets has one live stock representative and one produce field man. During the past two years these two men have been of invaluable assistance to the producers, associations and cooperatives of Georgia.
Our livestock representative is centralized in Georgia's livestock producing area. He attends all of the cooperative sales held in South Georgia, working in cooperation with the County Agent. The buyers are contacted by the Bureau of Markets and all bids forwarded to the representative, where he calls them out in rotation, giving buyers attending the sales the privilege of raising each bid. This representative also obtains a market for individual lots of cows or hogs and locates upon request, any type of livestock desired. This representative has also cooperated with numerous communities in the setting up and planning of auction markets.
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During the past year our livestock representative has moved more than $100,000.00 worth of livestock for the farmers of Georgia.
Our produce representative has attended all of the community and muni cipally owned produce markets bringing with him and obtaining for the markets, buyers who made these small markets successful. He has worked hand in hand with the associations, chambers of commerce and other local organiza tions for the welfare of the farmers. He has been in close touch with the Bureau of Markets, farmers and associations of Georgia and the buyers throughout the southeastern states.
The Bureau of Markets assisted the watermelon growers of Georgia in 1937 and 1938 in every way possible. For the smaller farmers, we sent out-of-state trucks to their fields, where the melons were bought outright or by the truckload.
Our market managers and two field representatives covered their respective territories and rendered much assistance to the carlot producers, as well as the broken lot producers. On many occasions each year the producers contacted our office asking for a market for their loaded cars. Therefore, we stayed in direct contact with the buyers and sold outright hundreds of cars each year and at competitive prices.
In many cases, due to the variety of the melon or the condition of the market, it was impossible to locate track buyers. These melons were shipped through the Bureau of Markets to the northern and eastern cities and placed in reliable hands.
The Bureau of Markets also assisted the peach and apple growers in Geor gia by writing the truckers out of the state and directing them to the right sections to buy peaches.
The Bureau of Markets is generally known throughout the state as being the farmers' agency for the moving of their surplus products. The Bureau of Markets keeps a list of all of the buyers in and out of the State of Georgia and also a list of the products which the farmers of Georgia have to sell. By this means, the Bureau of Markets moved, in cooperation with its field representatives, approximately $650,000.00 worth of produce during the past year.
The Bureau of Markets furnishes to the Associated Press, Atlanta news papers and broadcasting stations, prices on all farm products each day. The Bureau of Markets during 1938 sponsored three successful shows for the benefit of the farmers of Georgia, as follows:
A Tomato Show for the purpose of encouraging the producers to take pride in the packing and grading of their tomatoes. A Nut Show, encouraging the public to buy more nuts and to stimulate the price of nuts. A Georgia Peanut Pork show for the main purpose of stimulating the price of hogs during the marketing season in South Georgia and to show the consuming public that our Georgia Peanut pork is just as good as that of any other state, thereby setting up a stationary or a permanent demand for our own products.
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THE MARKET BULLETIN

The Market Bulletin at the close of business on December 31, 1938 had a circulation of 136,000 copies, issued twice a month. This shows an increase of 9,000 copies during the past two years.

We revised our mailing list once during this period. This revision being done through co-operation of the Postmasters of the State. In this way all chances of errors or duplication, as well as the removal of names of parties who have either died or have moved away leaving no address are eliminated. Also, the employees in the Mailing Room, where the lists are made up, check these lists daily, weeding out the dead ones, adding new, changing addresses, etc., as forwarded daily from the different Postmasters and parties themselves. Through these means, we dropped about 25,000 names that were on the list at the beginning of 1937 and have added new requests to a net total increase of circulation of 9,000 names.

Itemized--beginning with first issue: February 1, 1937--127,000; July 1, 1938--134,000; January 1, 1938--136,000.

The approximate number of notices carried was, viz: January through June 30, 1937--8,700; July 1, 1937 to June 30, 1938--20,000; July, 1938 to January 1, 1939--6,907, making a total of 35,607 notices.

We endeavored to hold the Bulletin to 8-page issues, but it was imperative on account of the great number of notices received for the publication to have four 12-page issues during the 22 months period; balancing this was six 4-page issues, leaving 36 issues of 8-pages each.

It is impossible to accurately estimate the amount of business done through the Bulletin, but it is definitely known that sales made through the Bulletin amount to many millions of dollars annually. These sales do not represent in any way the business carried on and sales made through the Bureau of Markets proper.

The Bureau of Markets co-operated with the Federal-State Cooperative Inspection Service on watermelons and peaches, etc., as it has done each season since 1929 when the Service was inaugurated; also in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, a daily report is issued by the U. S. Department giving the prices paid FOB the tracks and the leading Eastern and Middle Western as well as nearer Southern and local markets on fruits and vegetables, and other produce.

All employees of the Bureau of Markets have given full co-operation in rendering the best service possible to the Farmers of Georgia.

Yours very truly,

Jan. 1, 1939.

WALTER PERKINS, Acting Director Marketing Division.

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FOOD AND DRUG DIVISION
FOOD, FEED, EGG REPORT
Honorable Columbus Roberts, Commissioner of Agriculture, State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia.
Dear Mr. Roberts:
I herewith respectfully submit report of the inspection work done by the Food, Feed, and Egg Departments of the Food and Drug Division, Georgia State Department of Agriculture from the period beginning January 1, 1937 and ending December 31, 1938. Due to the fact that some of the activities of each inspector embraced food, feed, and egg inspection work, the reports of these Departments are submitted in combined form.
During the period covered by this Biennial Report, 103,155 inspections were made, 8,688 withhold from sale orders for various infractions of the State Food and Drug Act and the Georgia Egg Classification Law were issued, and 3,489 samples of feeds, foods, and condiments were taken for chemical analysis.
In addition to our routine inspection work, the outstanding violations of these Laws which we have endeavored to eliminate were the adulteration of butter, the sale of damaged feeds and feeds not meeting State Standards, the sale of cold storage eggs mislabeled as being fresh, unsanitary conditions of food handling establishments, the sale of misbranded foods, feeds or condiments, the sale of any products unfit for human consumption and the sale of any foods or feeds subject to inspection fees when these fees were not paid.
We found that, in the early part of 1937, certain individuals were mixing fats other than butter fat, mainly oleomargarine, With a small part of butter and selling this mixture as fresh country butter. Upon determining that this had been done, by chemical analysis, and after ascertaining the names of indi viduals responsible for this adulteration, we instituted court proceedings against the principal offenders on whom we could secure sufficient evidence and suc ceeded in convicting 3 of these offenders in the County Court. Each of these individuals were given a twelve months suspended sentence and fined fifty dollars.
This Department was also instrumental in the Federal Government securing information that would secure several dollars in taxes and fines, due to the discovery of the mixing of oleomargarine with butter and also through the adulteration of butter with excess moisture.
We consider the labeling of butter as to the name and address of the manufacturer, the type of product and the weight of the contents to be essential in the enforcement of the butter regulations. If the name and address of the manufacturer is stated on each package of butter offered for sale, our Inspectors can immediately trace this product to its source, then by determining that the product is adulterated in any way, this package, labeled with the name and address of the manufacturer is useful as evidence in court.
Although we are still finding butter containing excess moisture, the major ity of these cases are that of faulty mixture in manufacturing the product
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and not through premeditation on the part of the producers. Although our initial efforts in the line of stamping out the adulteration of butter was in the vicinity of Atlanta, this being the principal center of such activities, we have now broadened our field to include the State as a whole and feel that through diligent effort we can ultimately reduce these violations to a minimum. It is our belief that this inspection work has caused the legitimate butter producers to realize a greater profit from their products due to the elimination of this unfair competition.
Relative to our feed inspection work, in our efforts to have all feeds for domestic animals sold in this State meet regulatory standards and in order to keep inferior feeds and feeds having little or no nutritive value from being sold in this State, we have had shipped out of the State 619 bags of feeds containing excess fibre or otherwise deficient in nutrition and have destroyed 1,385 bags of feed found to be unfit for consumption.
We secured unpaid revenue in 115,407 bags of feed and had analysis tags placed on all untagged feed found. Due to the fact that Georgia was formerly the dumping ground of all inferior feeds that were not allowed to be sold in other States and that legitimate manufacturers had no market in this State due to this fact, we have had hearty cooperation from these manufacturers both in and out of the State. Samples are taken periodically from time to time of every type of feed sold in Georgia and copies of these reports are mailed to both the dealer and the manufacturer. The results of these analyses are published either in the monthly bulletin of the Food and Drug Department or in the Market Bulletin and due to the ensuing publicity, manufacturers are more careful to have their products meet their guarantee.
Our feed inspectors have been instructed to seize and have destroyed all feed found to be old, musty, high in fibre or deficient in either fat or protein to such an extent that there is no nutritive value in the feed, and check these feeds by both a physical and chemical examination. We have in this manner taken many bags of feed off the market that would otherwise have been sold to the consumer. The feed situation is now in good shape but constant supervision must be maintained in order that this condition remain satisfactory.
In our egg inspection work, we found that during the late fall and winter months, some of the packers operating in this State were importing cold storage eggs from other States and selling these eggs as Fresh eggs. Due to this prac tice, the Georgia egg producers who were selling strictly fresh eggs were unable to compete with these imported products. In order to raise the market price on fresh eggs so that the producers of fresh eggs could realize a profit on their products, we have taken every means within our power to have these storage eggs labeled as such both as a protection to the consuming public and to the producers of fresh eggs. We have been able to reduce this mislabeling of eggs through the levying of inspection fee charges on all eggs incorrectly labeled and through checking the majority of imported eggs upon reaching the packers.
Upon receipt of each carload of eggs suspected of being storage and sold for fresh, it has become the policy of the packers to whom these eggs are consigned to call upon this Department to have these eggs checked before they are accepted by the consignee. The judgment of our inspectors have been accepted in most of these instances and upon being declared "storage" by our representatives, the eggs are refused by the packers and are not offered for
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Sr
sale as "fresh" in this State. This is quite a saving of both time and expense both to the packer and to this Department.
All establishments handling eggs were visited by our inspectors and the eggs in their possession candled. Eggs found sold as fresh and in reality being storage were withheld from sale and in some cases fines ranging from one to three dollars were assessed against the individual or concern responsible for this mislabeling. In some flagrant violations, heavier fines were assessed.
In the course of our egg inspection work, withhold from sale orders were issued on 46,354 dozens of eggs and 348 dozen eggs found to be unfit for human consumption were destroyed by our inspectors. Due to the rigid enforce ment of the Georgia Egg Classification Law, we feel that we have caused the Georgia Egg Producers to realize a greater winter time profit on their eggs. We have also engaged in educational work in teaching the producers in this State to properly candle and weigh their eggs and have met with a considerable degree of success.
In our inspections of food handling establishments we have endeavored to see that all food be manufactured, served and sold under sanitary conditions. Cafes, restaurants, hotels serving meals, road houses, packing plants, manufac turing plants and all other places where any type of food, drink or condiment is manufactured, served, sold or offered for sale have been periodically checked as often as possible. All food products found in any establishment that were found to be unfit for food were destroyed and all products that were found short in weight were withheld from sale and the manufacturers made to repack or relabel these products.
In conjunction with the Federal Food and Drug Department, our inspectors seized and had destroyed 39,352 pounds of candy found to be wormy or other wise unfit for human consumption. Also in conjunction with these authorities, 18,000 pounds of flour were destroyed that was infested with weevils and worms.
It was the practice of many meat markets and other handlers of meats to mix sulfites with their sausage, hamburger or other ground meats of this type in order to restore the color to these meats, preserve them and to give them the appearance of fresh products after some deterioration had set in. Upon subjecting these meats to chemical analysis and discovering this adulteration, action was taken against those responsible and we now find that this practice is rarely indulged in. During the course of our work, 10,019 pounds of spoiled meat was condemned and destroyed in the hands of different establishments. We also destroyed 57,573 pounds of fish either spoiled or being handled in an unsanitary manner, and 9 unsanitary fish boxes ordered removed from stores and replaced with sanitary boxes.
In the inspection of manufacturing plants, the equipment, personnel and products manufactured were thoroughly inspected and all unsanitary condi tions reported and acted upon. All milk manufactured using milk powders was required to be labeled as to the use of these powders and the milk powder tax collected from all users of this product in the manufacture of milk. We have given particular attention to the labeling of milk in this respect and believe we have given a considerable amount of protection to the natural milk producers through the labeling of this product and through the collection of these taxes.
15

On the State Market, we have tried to keep the handling of produce there under strict supervision. Produce found to be unfit for use was dumped and the grounds of the market kept in as sanitary condition as possible. Several persons were found to be false packing produce and engaging in other illegal practices. Our market inspector had seven individuals removed from the market for engaging in this unlawful activity and has had two of these tried and convicted in the City Court for cheating and swindling. Eleven persons were stopped from selling any type of produce or food products on the market due to the fact that they suffered from venereal diseases. Refunds were secured by 72 purchasers of false packed goods, and action was taken against the persons selling these products.
Due to the transitory nature of the truckers on the market constant super vision must be maintained there in order to keep low grade produce off the market and in order to reduce unethical practices of handling market transac tions to a minimum. Three inspections were made in conjunction with the State Board of Health and we have attempted to cooperate with this Board to the best of our ability. All suggestions made by them were accepted and acted upon.

Regarding sea food inspection, all oyster and other sea-food packing plants are inspected regularly and certificates of inspection issued annually. Shellfish taken from polluted streams have been condemned and destroyed and the sanitation of shellfish shucking plants checked both as to equipment and personnel. One of the most important phases of this work has been the supervision of the transporting of sea-foods. All trucks or other conveyances used in hauling or distributing any type of fish and sea-foods are inspected for sanitary conditions and unsatisfactory conditions corrected--when found. Fees and licenses have been collected and we have tried to meet the Federal Government's specifications in the enforcement of all shellfish regulations.
We have endeavored to carry out the intentions of the State Food, Feed and Egg Laws to the best of our ability, showing partiality to no individuals or con cerns and feel that our efforts have been accepted in good faith by the general public as a whole.
Below is a summary of the work done by these Departments in 1937-38.

Summary of Produce Regraded and Condemned on the State Markets:

Plants ...____ Onions _____ Corn ______ Carrots ____ Bananas ____ Okra _______ Cucumbers Butter beans Green beans Apples _____ Tomatoes .... Peaches ____ Oranges ____

Condemned
. .4,240,000 14,300
. 13,310 9,218 2,236 1,325 2,500 9,650
... 15,314 4,640
... 11,214 8,677 1,205
16

Regraded
24,620 bu. 39,102 bu. 12,210 bu.
bunches bunches 38,252 bu. 3,000 bu. 20,914 bu. bu. 28,278 bu. 60,024 bu. 26,205 bu. 14,023 bu.

Squash _____________ Strawberries _______ Egg Plants_________ Radishes __________ Turnip Salad ______ Rutabaga turnips __ Lemons ____________ Grapefruit _________ Beets ______________ Irish Potatoes ______ Sweet Potatoes ____ Cabbage ___________ Lettuce ___________ Pepper _____________ Mustard Greens ___ Butter _____________ Pineapples _________ Cantaloupes _______ Watermelons _______ Blackberries _______ Pumpkins _________

60,125 194 784
2,321 22,760
302 84
282 744 3,244 984 30,210 124 1,850 1,642 1,480 170 20,391 26,420 1,200 420

100,000 bu. 824 baskets
14,009 dozen bu. bu.
7,922 dozen 420 crates
22,580 bu. 1,929 bu.
24,250 sacks 14,592 sacks 355,271 head 12,684 crates 16,323 bu.
bu. lbs. 16,220 200,000 25,243 boxes 2,318

Summary of Inspection Work, Food, Feed and Eggs:

Inspections made _________________________ Withholds issued _________________________ Samples taken____________________________ Abatement notices issued__________________ Feed withheld ___________________________ Feed, not up to guarantee________________ Feed condemned and destroyed___________ Syrup withheld from sale, not labeled------Meal withheld from sale, not labeled______ Meal withheld from sale, short weight______ Canned goods, condemned and destroyed__ Spoiled meat condemned and destroyed----Spoiled fish, condemned and destroyed____ Butter withheld from sale, not labeled------Milk withheld from sale, not labeled______ Eggs withheld from sale, mislabeled---------Spoiled eggs condemned and destroyed____ Miscellaneous packages, not labeled_______ Candy condemned and destroyed-------------Bottled drinks withheld, not labeled_______ Produce destroyed _______________________ Flour condemned and destroyed___________ Packaged goods withheld, short weight_____ Unsanitary fish boxes condemned_________ Unsanitary meat blocks condemned_______ Butter condemned and destroyed_________ Establishments closed, sanitary conditions. Feed registrations on December 15, 1938--
17

--103,155 - 8,688 ... 3,489
93 --115,407 bags (100 lbs. av.)
619 bags ... 1,385 bags
22,406 gallons ... 8,138 pecks
937 pecks ... 3,997 cans ._ 10,019 lbs. ... 57,573 lbs. ... 4,997 lbs. ... 5,304 qts. ... 46,354 doz.*
348 doz. ... 59,280
39,352 lbs. ... 4,267 bottles ... 15,139 bushels .... 18,000 lbs. ... 1,315
9 8 102 lbs. 4 ... 2,514

*This does not include approximately 15 car loads of eggs that were refused by the packers after our inspectors had judged them to be storage when fresh eggs were ordered. Yours very truly, T. P. PURVIS, Chief Food Inspector. January 15, 1939.

DRUG DIVISION

Hon. Columbus Roberts, Commissioner, Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, Georgia. Dear Mr. Roberts:
I respectfully submit herewith Biennial report covering the work of the Drug Division of the Department of Agriculture for the years 1937 and 1938.

Summary--Biennial Report:

Drug Stores Inspected-------------------------------------Druggist Licenses Checked________________ ____ General Stores (Selling Drugs)________________ Soda Founts for (Sanitary Conditions)_________ Paint Stores ___ ______________ ____________ Hospitals _________ _________________________ Doctors' Offices where Drugs are dispensed____ Wholesale Houses (Drugs and Groc.)___________ Mfg. Plants and Chemical Lab________________

1937 2,910 3,936 5,176 2,727
535 110 182 149 222

1938 3,221 5,029 6,935 3,009
650 182 570 328 229

Biennial 6,131 8,965
12,111 5,736 1,185 292 752 477 451

Total Inspections __ ___________ --_______ ___ 15,950 20,153 36,073

Samples collected and transmitted to

Laboratory for Analysis:---------- -------------------

411

655

1,066

Drug Store Signs removed from General Stores:

67

55

122

Withhold notices issued on General Stores

Selling Drugs: .----- ----------------------- -

750

198

948

Drugs removed from General Stores where no

Registered Druggist employed------- ----- ---- 114,752 22,424 137,176

Irregularities where necessary to institute

criminal proceedings -----------------------------------

19

25

54

A majority of these are narcotic violations and have been transmitted to the

Federal Courts.

I find the Pharmacy Laws are inadequate and should be amended in order

for this Department to get better results in law enforcement especially relative

to the sale and distribution of so called patent medicine, cosmetics and insecti

cides now being distributed over the State by itinerate venders. Our Assistant

Drug Inspectors have been very active and cooperative with this Department

and are rendering valuable services in the interest of public health.

Respectfully submitted,

J. E. BUSH,

December 30, 1938.

Chief Drug Inspector.

18

FERTILIZER DIVISION
Hon. Columbus Roberts, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Georgia.
Dear Sir:
Below is a brief resume of the work done by the Fertilizer Division during 1937 and 1938.
In 1937, 8,146 samples of fertilizer and fertilizer materials were drawn by the official inspectors of the department and analyzed by the State Chemist. 384 of these samples failed to meet the guaranteed analysis as required by the Georgia Fertilizer Law. The penalties assessed against the various companies on these samples amounted to $9,177.35 and the entire amount was collected by the Fertilizer Division of the Department of Agriculture and returned to the farmers of Georgia.
During 1938, 6,902 samples of fertilizer and fertilizer materials were drawn by the official inspectors of the department and were analyzed by the State Chemist. Of this number, 224 failed to meet the guaranteed analysis. The penalties assessed against the companies on these samples amounted to $3,607.70. Practically all of this amount has been collected and returned to the farmers.
In 1938 the consumption of fertilizer was less than in previous years. This, together with the fact that the farmers were so late in getting their acreage allotments that many of them did not have time to have their fertilizer inspected, explains the decrease in number of samples drawn and analyzed during the past season.
The 1938 session of the Legislature passed a new fertilizer act. This act authorizes the Commissioner of Agriculture to employ short-term inspectors only, the number not to exceed 50 in any one year. The term of service of such inspectors shall not exceed four months in any one year. The new law also changes the order in which Plant Food is stated in mixed fertilizers and with Nitrogen in whole numbers. The new order is Nitrogen first in whole num bers, Phosphoric Acid and then Potash. This change was made to correspond with the regulations of other states.
In an effort to eliminate low grades of fertilizers which contained a large amount of worthless filler, the new law requires that "Standard" fertilizers must contain at least 14 per cent of Plant Food and that "High Grade" fertilizers must contain not less than 16 per cent of Plant Food.
For a number of years all the states have been trying to reduce the number of grades to a minimum consistent with the needs of the various crops grown. The Commissioner of Agriculture has issued a ruling to the effect that 35 grades of mixed fertilizer may be registered and sold in this state during this year. This does not apply to materials.
The Fertilizer Division renders a very important service to the farmers of the State and with the new fertilizer law now in effect, and the list of grades
19 `

allowed to be registered and sold, we hope to render the best service ever during 1939.
Respectfully submitted, C. A. GILLESPIE, Chief Fertilizer Inspector.
January 2, 1939.
'20

STATE CHEMIST REPORT

Hon. Columbus Roberts, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga.

Dear Sir:

In accordance with the Food and Drugs Act of 1906 and the Fertilizer Law, permit me to submit this biennial report which represents a brief resume of the work done in the various chemical laboratories during the years 1937 and 1938.

Since most of the work on Foods, Feeds, and Drugs has been published in the monthly bulletin, "Foods, Drugs and Feeding-Stuffs," and the Fertilizer results will be published in an annual bulletin, I shall give only an outline of the work done in each laboratory.

FERTILIZERS
t
In 1937 there were 8,146 official samples of fertilizers and fertilizer materials analyzed. In 1938 there were 6,902. The consumption of fertilizer was less in 1938. This fact together with the fact that farmers were late in getting their crop and acreage allotments was a contributing factor in the number of samples drawn and analyzed. The number of samples of each type is given below:

1937

Cottonseed Meal (as fertilizer)______________________________ Manure Salts (Potash) _______________________________________ Kainit (Potash) _____________________________________________ Acid Phosphates _____________________________________________ Acid and Potash ____________________________________________ Acid and Nitrogen __________________________________________ Colloidal Phosphates _______________________________________ Nitrogen and Potash__________________________________________ Sodium Nitrate ______________________________________________ Ammonium Sulphate _______________________________________ Complete Fertilizers__________________________________________ Phosphate Rock _____________________________________________

31 63 47 97 41
3 4 15 176 60 7619 ____

1938
32 55 ____ 109 51 ____ ____ 46 100 43 6464 2

Total____________________________________________ 8146 6902
Of these, many had to be duplicated and reduplicated. We did not report a penalty on any sample until we were certain as to the correctness of our results. In 1937, 384 penalties and in 1938, 224 penalties were assessed for deficiencies in one or more plant foods or for shortage in commercial value.

FOODS
The food work is one of the most important jobs of the Department of Agriculture. The purpose of this work is to prevent adulteration, misbranding, and imitation of food for man or beast, beverages, condiments, candies, etc. Each particular kind of food has to be analyzed in a different way from other
21

foods and can not be handled in a routine manner like fertilizers and feeds. The number of official samples analyzed in 1937 and 1938 is itemized as follows:

1937

Meat and Meat Products______________________________________ 565

Meat Seasoning and Preservatives___________________________ ____

Non-Alcoholic Beverages ____________________________________ 112

Fruits and Vegetables for Arsenic Residue___________________ ____

Fresh Fruits __________________________________________________ 69

Fruit Juices (Canned and Bottled)_________________________ ____

Bakery Products ____________________________________________

60

Coffee and Tea _____________________________________________ ____

Vinegars ___________________________________________________

47

Peanut Butter ______________________________________________ ____

Alcoholic Beverages __________________________________________ 20

Canned Vegetables and Fruits________________________________

18

Canned Baby Foods __________________________________________ ____

.Sugar and Candies __________________________________________ 35

Syrups _____________________________________________________

11

Honeys _____________________________________________________

11

Candy _______________________________________________________ ____

Vegetable Oils ______________________________________________

10

Salad Dressing and Mayonnaise _____________________________ ____

Sandwiches __________________________________________________ Flours _______________________________________________________ Salt _________________________________________________________ Seafoods ____________________________________________________ Pickles _____________________________________________________ Fresh Vegetables ____________________________________________ Flavoring Extracts __________________________ :_______________

7 5 ____ 4 4 3 3

Jellies, Jams, and Preserves ________________________________

3

Eggs and Egg Products _____________________________________

2

Milk and Milk Products____________________________

2

Glazed Fruit ________________________________________________

1

Unclassified _________________________________________________ 32

1938 328 23 9 31
48 5
26 10 22
1 87
4 2 14 14 29
20
50 8
2 12
55

Total______ __________________________________________ 1024

800

Fewer samples were taken in 1938 than in 1937 due to the fact that the apple crop was short and the tolerance for residue was raised. Of the 800 samples analyzed in 1938, 126 were found to be adulterated or misbranded.
During the oyster season of 1937-1938, our Food Chemist was also Acting Sanitary Engineer, inspecting seafood shucking houses and obtaining samples. The Inspection Division was ably assisted by our Dairy Chemist and Bacteriolo gist, who analyzed the samples of oysters, oyster waters, and crab meat.

DAIRY PRODUCTS
All Samples of Dairy Products are submitted to the bacteriological lab oratory for a complete examination, showing bacterial count, percentage of butter fat, dirt, examination to show whether any water has been added, and test to see if properly pasteurized. For the results of analyses upon the official
22

samples, I refer you to the monthly bulletin "Pood, Drugs, and Feeding-Stuffs."

Below is an itemized list of the samples analyzed:

Sweet Milk _______________ ...

1937 mno

1938 1812

Whipped Cream ___________ __

5

Sweet Cream

K7

21

Sour Cream __

2

Ice Cream

...

Ice Cream Mix __

mi

195

s

Chocolate Milk Goat Milk _

18

53

i

Mule Milk ___ _______ ______

i

Butter __ _ _ _____ _________ Cheese

37K

197

3

Oleomargarine

fi

Oyster Water _____ _____ ________ __ . __

134

Ovsters

in

4

Crab Meat

25

Total

_________ 1725 2314

FEEDING-STUFFS

Commercial feeding-stuff samples are submitted to the feed laboratory for

complete analysis, including moisture, protein, fat, fibre, ash, and carbohydrates

(six determinations on each sample), and also microscopic examination. The

number of official samples are as follows:

1937

1938

Dairv Feeds

______ 64

98

Horse and Mule Feeds - ___ ___ __

______ 19

94

Poultry Feeds

193

186

Cottonseed Meal (as feed)________ ..

______ 82

41

Hog* Fp.Arfa

65

17

Whpflt Fpftds

25

45

97

21

Total Determinations _ ______ ______ ____

______ 545 ______ 3270

502 3012

DRUGS

The law provides that all drugs sold or offered for sale in this State must

comply with the standards set in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia or the National

Formulary. Those products upon which there are no standards must comply

with their claims upon the label. The following official samples were submitted

and analyzed:

1937 1938

Acetanilid Powders __________________________________________ 16

3

Aspirin Tablets______________________________________________

19 -------

Bay Rum ___________________________________________________

10 -------

Citrate of Magnesia__________________________________________ 28

7

Cough Syrups ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 -------

Empirin Tablets ____________________________________________

3 -------

23

Fowlers Solution ____________________________________________ Lime Water _________________________________________________ Livestock Preparations ________________________ Mercurochrome _____________________________________________ Mineral Oil __________________________________________________ Ointments ___________________________________________________ Olive Oil ____________________________________________________ Petroleum Jelly ___________________________________________ Peroxide of Hydrogen _______________________________________ Phenacetin Powders __________________________________________ Spirits of Nitre______________________________________________ Spirits of Turpentine _______________________________________ Tincture of Iodine____________________________________________ Tincture Iron Chloride_______________________________________ Tonics ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unclassified __________________________________________________ Extract of Witch-hazel ______________________________________ Sodium Bicarbonate ________________________________________ Magnesium Sulfate __________________________________________ Camphorated Oil ____________________________________________ Quinine _____________________________________________________ Spirits of Camphor __________________________________________ Chloroform Liniment_________________________________________ Ethyl Ether _________________________________________________ Citric Acid __________________________________________________ Magnesium Carbonate _______________________________________ Bichloride of Mercury _______________________________________ Boric Acid __________________________________________________ Calcium Bromide ____________________________________________ Calomel Tablets and Powder_________________________________ Morphine Tablets ____________________________________________ Milk of Bismuth _____________________________________________ Milk of Magnesia ____________________________________________ Saturated Solution of Potassium Iodide_______________________ Paraldehyde _________________________________________________ Calamine Lotion _____________________________________________ Sodium Salicylate--Tablets and Powder--------------------------------Powdered Calamine __________________________________________ Tincture of Nux Vomica_____________________________________ Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia________________________________ Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ____________________________________ Essence of Pepsin ----------------------------------------------------------------Elixir of Lactated Pepsin_____________________________________

18 22
3 12 22 27 13 11 27
5 30 15 13 16 30 25
____

Total__________________________________________________ 367

____ 45
____ 22
3
2 ____
10 4 3
____ ____
50 3 5
55 25 29 20 16
2 20
3 12 18
7 44
3 17 37 19
6 9 22 10 3 54 47 23 18
676

INSECTICIDES

Although we do not have any law to control Household Insecticides, we have

a law to control Field Insecticides. The official samples of insecticides analyzed

are as follows:

1937

1938

Calcium Arsenate -------------------------------------------------------------------

14

6

24

Oils __________ Lead Arsenate Tobacco Poison Sulfur ________ Zinc Sulfate __ Mixed Dusts __

5 ____

5

15

4

1

1

8

5

7

Total

29

42

UNOFFICIAL SAMPLES

Since we are required by law to analyze only official samples sent in by our

inspectors, we try not to accept miscellaneous unofficial samples. However,

whenever some of the citizens assure us that they are not financially able to

hire a commercial chemist and assure us that we will not become involved in a

civil court case, we do make some unofficial analyses. Below is given the number

of various miscellaneous unofficial samples:

1937 1938

Unofficial Feed Samples _____________________________________ 43

69

Unofficial Food Samples _____________________________________ 79

50

Unofficial Drug Samples --------------------------------------------------------

63

32

Unofficial Paint Samples _____________________________________

1

1

Unofficial Fertilizer Samples_________________________________

88

153

Unofficial Dairy Products ____________________________________ 60

200

Unofficial Soil Samples ____________________________________ -------------

118

Stomach Contents (Animals) ----------------------------------------------------- 19

22

Foods for Poisons____________________________________________ 81

54

Feeds for Poisons____________________________________________ 24

18

Drugs for Poisons ___________________________________________ 20

16

Insecticides __________________________________________________ ____

6

Total___________________________ -_____________________ 478

739

OTHER WORK
In addition to our regular control work, we have made investigations both for our own information and for such associations as the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, American Feed Control Officials, Southeastern Food and Drug Officials, and South Central Food and Drug Officials. Recom mendations were made as to change of methods or change of standards.
We have been called upon for general and specific information upon chemical and agricultural problems. We have aided citizens with what resources and information was available.
Although the analysis of soils is not a regular duty of the Department, we have made as many unofficial analyses as time and equipment permitted. Then advice was given as to the type of fertilizer needed. For complete soil analyses we refer the farmers to the Soil Agronomist at the College of Agriculture, Athens, Ga.
COMMENTS
The laboratories have been operated as economically as possible consistent with the greatest efficiency. The employees of the laboratory have cooperated
25

to the fullest, although working under hazardous conditions. The building has been condemned as being unsafe both from fire and collapse. Since the building is the property of the Highway Department, we have had to giVe up some of our space in the building to them. More space has been given to the Veterinary Division, so that the Federal work on Bangs disease could be exspanded. New and safe quarters should be obtained before a catastrophe does occur.
Respectfully submitted,

Jan. 1, 1939.

J. PRESTON YARBROUGH, State Chemist.

26

VETERINARY DEPARTMENT
Hon. Columbus Roberts, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Georgia.
Dear Sir:
I submit the following report which covers the activities of the Veterinary Department during the period from January 1, 1937 to December 31, 1938.
NEW LEGISLATION
The office of State Veterinarian having been abolished by the General Assembly February 1, 1935, was re-created and re-established by the General Assembly February 17, 1937, with the same duties delegated by law as were in effect before the office was abolished in 1935.
An Act passed by the General Assembly during the session of 1929, known as No. 422, Milk Law, was amended so as to prevent the dumping of inferior milk or dairy products into the State of Georgia.
An Act passed by the General Assembly during the session of 1927, known as No. 314, Tuberculosis in Domestic Animals, was amended so as to include in each and all the provisions of this Act the control of Bang's disease, which is at present considered the most important factor in the spread of undulant fever in man.
Not only has the amendment to the 1929 Dairy Act been efficacious in preventing inferior milk being dumped into Georgia, it has proven of untold value in correcting and preventing the distribution and sale of inferior milk produced in Georgia.
The State-wide Bang's Disease Eradication Law authorizes the State Veteri narian to eradicate Bang's disease in cattle, in cooperation with the various County Commissioners and the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry.
DAIRY INDUSTRY
The first dairy laws for the State were enacted in 1914 and later Acts were passed in 1929 and amended in 1937. The Acts designate the State Veteri narian as the enforcement officer. The progress made during 1937 and 1938 has been satisfactory.
The Veterinary Department has nine men actively engaged in dairy barn and plant inspection work. These men are stationed at vantage points throughout the State and every county in the State has had some benefit from the inspection service. The plan of operation has been to select districts upon which we have concentrated to have the producers' barns and equipment brought up to standard requirements, and in connection with this we have rendered services. The manufacturing plants throughout the State have been regularly inspected and we are proud of the results accomplished in both dairy barns and manufacturing plants.
A method of taking sediment tests on shippers selling to pasteurizing plants has been effectively used by the department, results of the tests being sent
27

to the producers by the hauler in order that he may see just how much dirt was contained in one sample of his milk or to show him why the milk was condemned and rendered unfit for marketing. We have found this system has been of great help in cleaning up the milk as the producer can actually see the dirt instead of reading a letter notifying him that his product showed dirt.
The phosphotase tests have recently been developed and are used to determine the accuracy with which the pasteurization process conforms to State regula tions. This test is used both by the field inspectors and in the laboratory of the State Chemist. It is possible by the use of this test to determine if milk or cream has been properly pasteurized and has increased the efficiency of inspec tion work considerably. Heretofore, it was necessary in most cases to rely upon the honesty of the plant operators and the recording charts presented.
The Dairy Act as amended in 1937 provides that no milk, cream, ice cream or ice cream mix shall be shipped into the State of Georgia unless it is produced and handled under conditions no less adequate than the above products are produced and handled in the State of Georgia, and not then until after inspection and authorization by the State Veterinarian to ship has been given.
This Act has eliminated considerable inferior dairy products from the State. It has been necessary to condemn several shipments of dairy products from other states and refuse permission to ship to several companies desiring to ship into Georgia.
During the early part of 1937 it was found the quality of butter manu factured in Georgia was of such low quality the manufacturer could not ship it out of the State because of requirements by the Federal Pure Food Depart ment. The manufacturing plants had the necessary equipment to churn good butter and a large percent of the trouble was traced to the producer of sour cream. We are proud to report that the quality of butter offered for sale in Georgia today compares favorably with our sister states and the Federal Food Division reports that the State of Georgia has improved the quality of butter manufactured in the State more than any other state in this section during the past year.
Due to the fact that all butter manufacturers would not pay a price differen tial on grades of cream, we did not attempt to classify cream as to grades, but our inspectors have eliminated bad cream and rendered all such--wherever found--unfit for marketing. By eliminating the unfit cream, the quality of butter has greatly improved.
The State dairy laws are in need of revision. It would be especially bene ficial if the dairy laws of this State provided a permit system for the producers of milk selling their milk directly to the consuming public and manufacturers. Numerous cities throughout the State have this system in effect for their cities. The State inspectors have found in some instances that producers were holding permits to sell in some cities and their equipment and conditions were not up to standard requirements. This provision in the Act should provide same as the present Dairy Act:
"That nothing in this Act shall prevent the governing authority of any municipal corporation from enacting ordinances providing for the in spection of meat markets, meats and meat food products, dairies and dairy products, sold within its limits and to affix penalties for violation
28

thereof; but no such ordinance shall conflict with any power or authority of the State Veterinarian or his subordinates."
It has been found that the amendment to the 1929 Dairy Act, passed in 1937, did not go quite far enough. Immediately when the State refused permit to ship low grade milk and cream into the State of Georgia there was consider able increase in the use of sweet butter used in the manufacture of ice cream. This Act should provide that "any butter used in the manufacture of ice cream shall have been manufacturer from milk or cream produced and handled under conditions no less stringent than required of milk or cream produced or handled in the State of Georgia and used only under permit from the State Veterinarian."
The ice cream laws of the State are obsolete--and should be revised in order to define and set standards on the many products sold as ice cream substitutes. Our neighboring states have made such changes in their ice cream laws. Most of these products are simply low fat content ice cream and in numbers of cases it is sold to children or careless persons as "Ice Cream." The products are so similar that the large package is tempting--yet the food value is not there.
Dairying in Georgia holds a position of primary importance from both a financial and food standpoint.
It is not generally known, but the State of Georgia furnishes a considerable number of dairy cattle to other states--thus increasing the income from the dairy industry and still another income is through the sale of hogs, calves and chickens which are fed skim milk or whey from the cream sold to the butter manufacturers. Georgia has a long way to go before the State will be a major factor in the dairying industry of this country. If the farmers ever wake up and take advantage of our climate and grazing conditions and put dairying on a business basis, dairying should grow by leaps and bounds.
The growth and development of the dairy industry in the great dairying states was not developed by producers selling milk for fluid consumption. The State of Iowa ranked second in the manufacture of butter for the years 1929 to 1933 inclusive, manufacturing an average poundage of 221,741,000 pounds annually, for the year 1937 the total received for creamery butter was $66,555,698.31. As a comparison--the total value received in the State of Georgia for fiscal year July 1, 1937, to July 1, 1938, shows $285,228.80 for creamery butter.
DAIRY DEVELOPMENT
The dairy industry must be developed and expanded by the smaller farmers milking from three to nine cows in connection with their other farm program. The tendency has been to go into the dairy business to furnish fluid milk for fluid consumption. There is no business that requires all specialists to do the work and the production, sales and distribution of fluid milk is a business for the dairy specialist. This type of dairying requires skilled workers, a heavy investment of capital and a very detailed attention to every step of production and distribution.
There are thousands upon thousands of gallons of evaporated and condensed milk and more thousands of pounds of cheese and butter shipped into this State annually that could and should be produced in Georgia. It is true that milk used for this purpose does not bring the farmer as much money as the fluid milk producers receive, but, on the other hand, he does not have the
29

requirement of equipment, investment, labor, etc., and--in addition--in the case of cheese and butter, he has the skim milk, clabber or whey to raise calves, hogs and chickens that find a ready market.
The Veterinary Department has cooperated in cream meetings and stressed the importance of care of utensils and cream. It has been an accepted theory of the cream producers that creameries want sour cream and some of them think the older the cream the higher the test. This theory may have some merit--due to evaporation--but the fat content is not increased and the loss of moisture lowers the total weight, therefore, the only thing that is accom plished is to lower the grade of cream offered for sale. We are trying to stress upon the cream producers the thought "cream for butter-making" instead of "sour cream."
There is no reason why Georgia butter should not sell as high and bring the producer as much as that of Wisconsin, Iowa, New York or any other dairy state --except for the difference in quality. More than 50 percent of the cream churned into butter in these states is made of "sweet cream"; the cream going into Georgia butter is practically 95 percent "sour cream," and averages the cream producer approximately 10 cents less per pound fat.
All cream, and practically all the milk sold to the manufacturers and distributing plans is sold on a butterfat content basis.
The 1929 Dairy Act provides that each tester testing milk or cream shall be licensed by the State Veterinarian and gives the State Veterinarian and his deputies the authority to check-test the samples upon which a basis of settle ment is made. The Veterinary Department renders constant check-tests on all testers and this is a service greatly appreciated by the producers--as attested by hundreds of letters of gratitude from them. There has been 30,517 such samples tested by the inspectors of the Veterinary Department during the period of this report. In several cases producers have been issued additional checks to pay for shortages in test payments made by plants.
The personnel of the Dairy Division is made up of workers well experienced in their respective lines of duty and who are capable and willing to cooperate with the producers and dairy manufacturers at all times with their problems of production.
The City of Atlanta consumes probably as much or more milk daily than do all the other large cities in the State. About half of Atlanta's milk supply is produced on dairy farms within a radius of 15 miles of the city--these pro ducers retail their milk to the consumer. The balance of Atlanta's milk supply is produced in various sections of the State on farms the owners of which hold permits issued by the City Health authorities. All milk from such dairies must be distributed in Atlanta through pasteurization plants.
This system of distribution involves a heavy overhead expense for trans portation, refrigeration, pasteurization and distribution; all of these expenses plus a profit to the distributor are taken out of the farmers pay check. This statement is plainly borne out as the results of the fluid milk market for the City of Atlanta has shown--from May 1 to September 1, 1938.
30

MILK PRICE
The established retail price for milk during this period was 12 cents per quart or 48 cents per gallon at the stores. The producers shipping to the Atlanta market received an approximate average price of $2.00 per hundredweight-- or 17.1 cents per gallon--leaving a spread of 30.9 cents per gallon. During these months approximately 25 percent of the milk shipped to Atlanta was settled for as surplus milk--which, of course, helped to hold the producers price to the level of around 17 cents per gallon gross. Average transportation would be around thirty cents per can of ten gallons and ice or refrigeration better than one-half cent per gallon; payment to Milk Control Board two cents per hundred--or .01726 cents per 10 gallons--leaving a net of approximately 14 cents per gallon--the feed, labor, profit on investment and depreciation to come from this.
If dairying is to be put on a profitable basis to the farmer, a system of local centralization of milk must be developed, with local plant facilities to man ufacture all milk not shipped to cities for fluid consumption or ice cream into condensed milk, butter, cheese or other dairy products or by-products. No milk should be shipped to the city except on order of the distributors. Shipping milk to any city in excess of the city's need leads to wasteful practices by the distributor and the cost of all waste ultimately is paid by the farmer. The de velopment of the dairy industry depends on the interest of the producer of milk; the only sure way to stimulate and retain his interest is for him to make a modest profit out of his investment and labor.

DAIRY REPORT

The last complete annual report of dairy products in Georgia handled at the various manufacturing and distributing plants--up to the year 1937-- was for the year 1932 and listed below are the figures for the years 1932 and fiscal year 1937-38 as reported:

(The first six months of 1937 production is not shown in the figures below due to the fact that after the office of State Veterinarian was re-established some time was required to have the distributors comply with the Dairy Act in making quarterly reports to the State Veterinarian.)

Gallons milk _______________________________ Gallons ice cream ________________________ Pounds butter -------------------------------------------Pounds cheese _____________________________ Pounds powdered milk______________________ Pounds condensed milk_____________________
Fiscal year July 1, 1937 to July 1, 1938.

1932 6,575,991 1,613,391 2,971,533 4,623,111
546,931 1,125,504

1937-38* 7,979,596 2,280,737 1,782,680 3,827,627
533,119 395,294

Activities for 1937 and 1938
Total No. dairy barn inspections________________________________________ 6,068 Total No. dairy manufacturing plants inspected_________________________ 4,018 Total No. cream station inspections-------------------------------------------------------- 1.011 Total No. milk and cream testers examined______________________________ 295 Total No. dairy investigations _________________________________ ________ 1,708
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Total lots dairy products rendered unfit for marketing------------------------ 457

Total No. samples submitted to State Chemist for analysis_____________ 3,227

Total No. dairy manufacturing plants---------------------------------------------------- 125

Total No. cream stations_______________________________________________ 68

Total No. cream testers ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 68

Total No. plant testers -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37

Total No. cheese plants-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

Total milk condensing units in operation---------------------------------------------

2

Creameries or butter plants___________________________________________ 12

The following is a report of improvements requested by inspectors of the

Daily Division and results accomplished:

New dairy barns constructed____________________________________________ 202

New dairy milk rooms contructed_______________________________________ 205

New dairy manufacturing plants constructed___________________________

4

General improvements in manufacturing plants_________________________ 152

Manufacturing plants condemned_______________________________________

4

Dairies condemned _____________________________________________________ 124

In addition there have been numerous water systems, boilers, refrigeration and sanitary toilets installed and numerous general improvements made at the dairy farms throughout the State.

The following is a record of the pounds of Meats, Meat Food Products

and Dairy Products shipped into the State of Georgia during the years of

1937 and 1938:

1937

1938

Dressed Cattle ----------------------Dressed Hogs ------------------------Dressed Sheep _______________ Dressed Calves _______________ Smoked Meats--S C ---------------Smoked meats--D S ---------------Dried and Cured Beef-----------Barreled Pork _______________ Boiled Ham___________________ Dry Salt Pork Meat__________ Fresh Sausage ----------------------Dry Sausage --------------------------Beef Cuts __ _________________ Pork Cuts __________________ Canned Meats ----------------------Lard ________________________ Other Packing House Products. Eggs (cases) ------------------------Poultry ---------------------------------Oleo ________________________ Butterine ____________________ Butter _______________________ Cheese ______________________ Condensed Milk --------------------Evaporated Milk---------------------

_15,248,995 -- 150,000 -- 2,787,961
5,308,521 5,684,148 3,066,187 .... 163,658
326,769 ... 657,726 --33,535,396 -- 5,070,058 -- 121,952 -- 3,797,705 -11,910,710 -- 5,695,220 -15,739,554 --18,419,917 -- 1,459,853 -- 1,010,261 - 3,489,408 - 657,618 .... 1,989,182 - 4,913,393 __No Report __No Report

11,369,422 135,502
2,094,896 3,747,929 4,811,999 1,554,594
102,648 457,767 325,478 31,645,964 3,421,509
93,898 2,017,925 8,441,937 3,231,866 13,624,802 14,483,664
949,548 908,888 4,223,011 396,870 1,586,161 4,507,116 1,737,645 14,119,168

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DAIRY INDUSTRY

The inspectors of this department have made regular inspections of all plants and their operations and have in most cases received full cooperation. Generally speaking, there has been considerable improvement in the sanitary conditions of plants and dairy farms for the year 1937, but it is necessary as mentioned previously in this report that we.have revised dairy laws for the protection of the consuming public, scrupulous manufacturers and producers if the dairy industry is to advance and thrive as it should in the State of Georgia.

A list of Dairy Manufacturing plants and addresses:

Aristocrat Dairy Products Inc., 165 Haynes Street, N. W., Atlanta, Ga. Billy Boy Nut Kitchen, 1029 Peachtree Street, N. W., Atlanta, Ga. Clairmont Dairy, 1168 Euclid Ave., N. E., Atlanta, Ga. Cloverdale Dairy, 252 Forsyth Street, S. W., Atlanta, Ga. Dixie Farms, 281 Hayden Street, N. W., Atlanta, Ga. Druggist Cooperative I. Cream Co., 535 Ponce de Leon Ave., N. E., Atlanta, Ga. Dunn Butter Company, 2158 Gordon Road, Atlanta, Ga. DuKynn Ice Cream Co., 465-467 Eighth St., N. E., Atlanta, Ga. Foremost Dairies, Inc., 125 Ellis Street, N. E., Atlanta, Ga.

Kress, S. E. Co., 43 Whitehall St., S. W., Atlanta, Ga. Maxwell Drug Co., 3057 Peachtree Road, N. E., Atlanta, Ga. Modern Milk & Ice Cream Co., 325 Capitol Ave., S. W., Atlanta, Ga. Moore, George Ice Cream Co., 54 Alabama St., N. W., Atlanta, Ga. Orange Teaco, 40 Forsyth Street, Atlanta, Ga. Peachtree Dairy, 81 Georgia Ave., S. W., Atlanta, Ga. Piper Ice Cream Co., 1201 W. Peachtree St., N. E., Atlanta, Ga. Ponce de Leon Dairy, 1334 LaFrance St., N. E., Atlanta, Ga. Southern Dairies, Inc., 593 Glen Iris Drive, N. E., Atlanta, Ga.

Georgia Avenue Pharmacy, 71 Georgia Ave., S. W., Atlanta, Ga. Georgia Milk Producers Confed., 661 Whitehall St., S. W., Atlanta, Ga. Hatcher, G. A., 763 Pryor Street, S. W., Atlanta, Ga. Jackson Company, 484 Flat Shoals Ave., Atlanta, Ga. Jersey Ice Cream Co., 784 Highland Ave., N. E., Atlanta, Ga.

Superior Dairy, 85 Georgia Ave., S. E., Atlanta, Ga.
Tenth Street Dairy, 115 Tenth Street, N. E. Atlanta, Ga.
The Varsity, 61 North Avenue, N. E., Atlanta, Ga.
Athens Cooperative Creamery, 269 Lumpkin Street, North, Athens, Ga.
Marbut Ice Cream Co., Athens, Ga.

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Atlantic Ice Cream Co., 626 Twelfth Street, Augusta, Ga. Adams Creamery, Route No. 1, Augusta, Ga. Cassella's, 1542 Walton Way, Augusta, Ga. Georgia-Carolina Dairies, 919-931 Walker St., Augusta, Ga. Monte-Sano Grocery Co., Central Avenue, Augusta, Ga. Superfine Ice Cream Co., 1285 Broad St., Augusta, Ga. McLellan Store Company, 858 Broad St., Augusta, Ga. Walgreen Drug Co., 902 Broad Street, Augusta, Ga. Green's Creamery, 19 Green Street, Augusta, Ga. Americus Dairy Products Co., 209 Cotton Avenue, Americus, Ga. Jefferson Creamery, Americus, Ga. Frozen Delight Co., Americus, Ga. Albany Drug Co., Albany, Ga. Herbert Peacock Co., Albany, Ga. Colonial Dairies, 243 Roosevelt Street, Albany, Ga. Black & White Ice Cream Co., Arlington, Ga. Blakely Ice Cream Co., Blakely, Ga. Butler Island Dairies, 104 George Street, Brunswick, Ga. Cherokee Farm Products, Inc., Canton, Ga. Meadowbrook Dairy, Calhoun, Ga.

Augusta Dairies, Inc. 1901 Central Avenue, Augusta, Ga. Bradshaw, Wm. & Son, Cartersville, Ga. Willard's Ice Cream Co., Cordele, Ga. Jennings Drug Co., Cordele, Ga. Economy Drug Co., Cordele, Ga. Columbus Creamery, 900 Sixth Street, Columbus, Ga. Wells Dairies Cooperative, 2320 Wynnton Drive, Columbus, Ga. East Highland Pharmacy, 17th Street & 13th Avenue, Columbus, Ga. Foremost Dairies, Inc., Columbus, Ga. Kinnett Ice Cream Co., Columbus, Ga. McGehee's, Inc., 221 Twelfth Street, Columbus, Ga. Sayer's Pharmacy, Columbus, Ga. Wynnton Pharmacy, Columbus, Ga. Bradley & Bandy Drug Co., Dalton, Ga. West Drug Co., Dalton, Ga. Coffee County Creamery, Douglas, Ga. Geeslin Ice Cream Co., Dublin, Ga. Armour Creamery Dublin, Ga. Eatonton Cooperative Creamery, Eatonton, Ga. Elberton Creamery, Elberton, Ga. City Fruit & Lunch Room, Fitzgerald, Ga. Denmark Drug Co., Fitzgerald, Ga. The Keelo Creamery, 310 N. Main St., Fitzgerald, Ga.
34

Port Valley Candy Kitchen, Fort Valley, Ga. Adderholdt Bros., Gainesville, Ga. Crescent Ice Cream Co., Gainesville, Ga. Stringer Bros., Gainesville, Ga. Wright Ice Cream Co., Gainesville, Ga. Forbes Ice Cream Co., Griffin, Ga.
Griffin Ice Cream Co., Griffin, Ga.
Ideal Ice Cream & Sandwich Shop, 820 Central Ave., Hapeville, Ga.
Modern Dairy Products Co., LaGrange, Ga.
Loach's Pharmacy, LaFayette, Ga.
Economy Ice Cream Co., Marietta, Ga.
Moultrie Creamery, Moultrie, Ga.
Dixie Dairies, 658 Arch Street, Macon, Ga.
De-Witt McCrary Drug Co., East Macon, Macon, Ga.
Ivey-Turner Co., 635 Oglethorpe St., Macon, Ga.
Sunshine Dairies, Forsyth St., Macon, Ga.
Smith's Creamery, 1232 College St., Macon, Ga.
Macon Butter Company, Macon, Ga.
Kirton Dairies, Rome, Ga.
City Dairy Company, Statesboro, Ga.
Annette's Dairy, 2431 Habersham Street, Savannah, Ga.

Cheeseman Ice Cream Co., 117 Bernard Street,
Savannah, Ga. (Also a plant under the same name in Macon and one in Valdosta.) George's, 1120 W. Broad Street, Savannah, Ga. Gernatt, Henry, 401 W. Macon St., Savannah, Ga. Foremost Dairies, Inc. 2424 Drayton St., Savannah, Ga. Leopold Bros., 722 Habersham Road, Savannah, Ga. Nicholls Brothers, 506 Stewart St., Savannah, Ga. Nu-Sum Ice Cream Co., 39 Montgomery St., Savannah, Ga. Paul's Place, 2410 Bull Street, Savannah, Ga. Starland Creamery, 2425 Bull St., Savannah, Ga. Markarian Ice Cream Co., 305 Bryan St., Savannah, Ga. Ritzy-Rich Ice Cream Co., Bernard & Oglethorpe Sts., Savannah, Ga. Southern Dairies, 648 Indian St., Savannah, Ga. Savannah Pharmacy, Savannah, Ga. Womble's Bakery, 1407 Watero Ave., Savannah, Ga. Homemade Ice Cream Co., 932 W. 37th St., Savannah, Ga. Swift & Company, Macon, Ga. Culver & Kidd, Milledgeville, Ga. Floyd County Dairy, Rome, Ga.
35

Huff Pharmacy, Rome, Ga. City Drug Co., Thomaston, Ga.
City Dairy & Ice Cream Co., Thomaston, Ga.
Georgia Cheese Co., Thomasville, Ga.
Tifton Ice Cream Co., Tifton, Ga.
Foremost Dairies, Valdosta, Ga.
Bennett Drug Stores, Valdosta, Ga.

Solomon, George, Valdosta, Ga. Wilkes Co-op. Cr., Washington, Ga. Prather Drug Co., Washington, Ga. Purity Milk Co., 913 Brunell St., Waycross, Ga. Georgia Milk Company, Waycross, Ga. Parkside Dairy, Waycross, Ga. Phoenix Ice Cream Co., Waycross, Ga.

Hamp Wisham, Ashburn, Ga. C. Z. Sanders, Donalsonville, Ga. Mrs. 0. R. Brooks, Blakely, Ga. R. E. Walker, Ellaville, Ga. J. O. Allen, Ellaville, Ga. E. R. Gaskin, Fitzgerald, Ga. Bill Bennett, Georgetown, Ga. M. K. Fuqua, Hawkinsville, Ga. H. K. King, Pitts, Ga. James P. Green, Rochelle, Ga. W. S. Gilmore, Rebecca, Ga. F. W. Wisham, Sycamore, Ga. Henry B. Holley, Tazewell, Ga. Mrs. Minnie Pittman, Americus, Ga. L. H. Connoly, Sylvester, Ga. H. S. Dumas, Sycamore, Ga. D. L. Rainey, Ellaville, Ga.

Cream Buying Stations:
Joe Hines, Ideal, Ga. Earl McClung, Buena Vista, Ga. E. J. Horne, Lumpkin, Ga. R. V. Parker, Richland, Ga. W. S. Pylant, Ashburn, Ga. W. E. Smith, Fitzgerald, Ga. W. J. Willis, Moultrie, Ga. J. T. Banks, Sylvester, Ga. L. W. Thornburg, Abbeville, Ga. J. T. Harris, Bowman, Ga. B. W. Hendricks, Cochran, Ga. F. L. Robison, Double Branches, Ga. Gordon Pike, Eastman, Ga. Gordon Pike, Fitzgerald, Ga. Jim S. Morehead, Hartwell, Ga. T. C. Harrison, Lavonia, Ga. F. L. Roberson Lincolnton, Ga.
36

R. B. Smith, McRae, Ga. F. G. Amerson, Mitchell, Ga. J. D. Fields, Swainsboro, Ga. Mildred Roberts, Ocilla, Ga. Bertha Amerson, Tennille, Ga. J. T. Wingfield, Thomson, Ga. C. E. Mock, Warrenton, Ga. J. T. Wingfield, Washington, Ga. 0. J. Braswell, Wrens, Ga. A. 0. Bennett, Sanderville, Ga. Larry Hill, Sparta, Ga. L. H. Hall, Bowman, Ga.
L. L. Lawson, Wrightsville, Ga.
I. H. Spradlin, Cordele, Ga.
Gordon O'Neal, Greensboro, Ga.
L. J. Hobbs, Milan, Ga.
J. J. Bledsoe, Milledgeville, Ga.

H. D. Tanner, Sandersville, Ga. P. G. Peteet, Jr., Montezuma, Ga. Mrs. B. W. Bacon, Plains, Ga. C. N. Hancock, Sylvester, Ga. Jack Williamson, Tignall, Ga. H. L. Matthews, Warrenton, Ga. W. D. Wells, Tifton, Ga. Mrs. A. S. Gumming, Warthen, Ga. A. M. McClesky, Wrens, Ga. A. T. Stewart, White Plains, Ga. W. H. Wilkerson, Tignall, Ga. Farmers Co-op-Johnnie Sheppard, Helena, Ga. South's Station, W. M. South, Helena, Ga. Ross Station, J. A. Ross, Eastman, Ga. L. K. Underwood, Avera, Ga. Ice & Cold Storage Station, Lloyd D. Cross, Rochelle, Ga. J. L. Ross, Hawkinsville, Ga.

BANG'S DISEASE
Bang's Disease, or infectious abortion, or contagious abortion, are one and the same thing--namely, a very wide-spread contagious and infectious disease affecting the cattle and swine industry in this State.
Considerable interest has been manifested by cattle owners throughout the State and through a cooperative agreement between the office of the State Veterinarian, the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry and the various owners, some individual herds have been tested in every county in the State.
A cooperative Bang's disease eradication program on the county-wide area basis was inaugurated during 1937. Through the cooperation of the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry, the State Veterinarian and the Commis sioners of the various counties, the following 27 counties are actively engaged in Bang's disease eradication at the present time: Dade, Walker, Catoosa, Chattooga, Floyd, Whitfield, Murray, Gordon, Bartow, Fannin, Gilmer, Pickens, Cherokee, Union, Lumpkin, Dawson, Forsyth, Towns, White, Rabun, Habersham, Morgan, Greene, Putnam, Warren, Gwinnett, and Hall.
37

From January 1937 to December 31, 1938, cooperative tests have been conducted on 43,100 herds, consisting of 295,400 head of cattle, with the result that 7,681 head of infected cattle have been eliminated through slaughter, under recognized inspection.
Experience has taught us and the fact has been firmly established that no live stock owner can afford to keep diseased animals in his herd. Loss of the calf crop, reduced milk supply and udder affections are found in herds where Bang's disease is present. Loss of valuable animals is often experienced also, due to their ability to breed.
Some herd owners have suffered financial losses in their desire to free their herds of the infection, although the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry has reimbursed each owner for a part of their loss. During 1937 and 1938 the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry paid to Georgia owners of Bang's disease reactors as indemnity for the slaughter of such cattle the sum of $167,296.71, and similar indemnity claims approximating $2,500.00 remain to be completed and submitted for payment; however, after May 1, 1939, such payments will cease unless there is provision made whereby the State of Georgia can bear its share of the burden. Failure to do our part would be poor economy, as great headway has been made and wonderful cooperation has been demonstrated both by the individual cattle owners and the County Commissioners.
Forty-two individual herd owners have placed their herds under Federal and State supervision, working toward an accredited Bang's disease-free herd. A certificate--good for one year--will be issued to them upon completion of the required tests.
We are deeply grateful to the United States Bureau of Animal Industry for furnishing the State with a Field Laboratory Trailer for making agglutination blood tests. The laboratory trailer which, equipped, represents the expenditure of $850.00, was assigned to Georgia in connection with Bang's disease work about the middle of November, 1938. For the purpose of assisting in the inau guration of the use of the laboratory trailer, Dr. Elmer Lash, Assistant Chief, Tuberculosis Eradication Division, U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry, Washing ton, D. C., spent five days in Georgia at that time. This has stimulated consider able interest among Georgia cattle owners, and proved to be a forward step in our program toward eradicating Bang's disease.
The number of U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry employees engaged in Bang's disease work in Georgia is 30; eighteen veterinarians are engaged in field work; two veterinarians serve in the capacity of supervisors; two veteri narians direct laboratory work; four laboratory helpers are employed; the clerical assistance in the Atlanta area consists of three employees; the entire force being under the supervision of Dr. W. C. Dendinger, Inspector in Charge.

LABORATORY STATE VETERINARIAN

Bang's Disease Testing in Laboratory State Veterinarian, 1937 Offcial Testing Under Agreement

Lots 3,375

Cattle 126,014

Reactors 3,260

Suspects 1,854

38

Official Testing Under Area Plan (Started in May)

Lots 5,365

Cattle 16,575

Reactors 335

Suspects 238

Lots 8,740

Total Official Tests

Cattle

Reactors

142,589

3,595

Suspects 2,092

Tests for Private Practitioners*

Lots

Cattle

Reactors

1,008

10,534

447

*No records prior to March.

Suspects 396

Lots 9,748

Total Tests for Bang's Disease, 1937

Cattle

Reactors

153,123

4,042

Suspects 2,488

Bang's Disease Testing in Laboratory State Veterinarian, 1938

Official Testing Under Agreement

Lots

Cattle

Reactors

Suspects

1,596

60,673

2,093

2,158

Lots 30,324

Official Testing Area Plan

Cattle

Reactors

65,648

988

Suspects 2,619

Lots 31,917

Total Official Tests

Cattle

Reactors

126,321

3,081

Suspects 4,777

Lots 1,435

Tests for Private Practitioners

Cattle

Reactors

15,966

558

Suspects 1,039

Lots 33,352

Total Tests for Bang's Disease, 1938

Cattle

Reactors

142,277

3,639

Suspects 5,816

In addition to the testing of blood samples for Bang's disease in cattle, the laboratory is continually being called upon to examine specimens from animals or poultry for blackleg, hemorrhagic septicemia, cholera, poisons, pullorum disease and many other diseases.
Scarcely a day passes without some such specimen, telephone or letter of inquiry being received from veterinarians, live stock and poultry breeders.
BLACKLEG
While blackleg is an infectious disease primarily of cattle, it is not trans mitted from animal to animal. The method of infection is through an abrasion of the skin---like wire cuts or scratches. As a rule the young animals will succumb within 12 to 24 hours after infection. Early spring or summer months are most favorable for growth and development of the bacteria causing blackleg.
39

In infected territory annual immunization of all young cattle is to be recommended.
Periodic outbreaks of the disease occur each spring and early summer months throughout the State.
TUBERCULOSIS
The entire State of Georgia being classed by the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry as a Modified Accredited Tuberculosis-Free Area, activities along this line have been confined entirely to testing cattle in the counties which come up for re-accreditation every three years.
The following 30 counties were re-accredited during 1937 and were given Federal and State certificates showing them to be tuberculosis-free for a period of three years from date of issue:
Bleckley, Clayton, Crisp, Carroll, Crawford, Dooly, Elbert, Franklin, Fayette, Floyd, Greene, Hart, Jackson, Peach, Pulaski, Rockdale, Stephens, Taylor, Wilcox, Walker, Catoosa, Richmond, Burke, DeKalb, Paulding, Schley, Whitfield, Henry, Spalding, Dade.
Total herds tested 1,143; total cattle tested 16,119; total reactors 6.
During the year of 1938 there were 99 counties re-accredited as tuberculosisfree counties, to-wit:
Jenkins, Marion, Talbot, Webster, Harris, Macon, Treutlen, Chatham, Chattooga, Chattahoochee, Coweta, Effingham, Evans, Fulton, Heard, Johnson, Montgomery, Telfair, Turner, Washington, Wheeler, Atkinson, Bulloch, Eman uel, Lanier, Laurens, Pike, Quitman, Screven, Upson, Walton, Bacon, Ben Hill, Berrien, Candler, Echols, Jeff Davis, Lamar, Long, Murray, Wayne, Barrow, Brantley, Butts, Charlton, Cook, Dodge, Habersham, Jasper, Monroe, Stewart, Sumter, Tattnall, Toombs, Towns, Union, White, Bartow, Brooks, Bryan, Camden, Cherokee, Clinch, Coffee, Gordon, Glynn, Liberty, Muscogee, Pickens, Randolph, Appling, Baker, Irwin, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Pierce, Terrell, Tift, Jones, Calhoun, Clay, Early, Glascock, Lowndes, McDuffie, McIntosh, Newton, Putnam, Seminole, Ware, Dougherty, Grady, Meriwether, Thomas, Troup, Worth, Decatur, Colquitt.
Total herds tested (to November 1, 1938) 1,707; total cattle tested (same) 27,077; total reactors 51.
All of these counties have been issued a joint Federal and State certificate of re-accreditation as tuberculosis-free for three years from date of issue.
In addition to the above testing, 28 individual herd owners have placed their herds under Federal and State supervision and upon completion of the required tests have been issued certificates of accreditation showing their herds are free of tuberculosis. These certificates are good for one year from date of issue. A number of additional herds are in the process of accreditation.
JOHNE'S DISEASE
Johne's disease paratuberculosis is an incurable, chronic, contagious disease affecting the intestines of cattle. An intermittent or a persistent diarrhea, anemia and death are the usual results of such infection.
40

The causative organism, an acid fast bacillus, is eliminated with the feces. When the germ is once introduced into a healthy herd, the contagion spreads very fast--transmission to the different individuals being by way of the mouth to the digestive tract. Gradual development of the disease may not be so noticeable. Progressive emaciation and diarrhea will usually attract the owners' attention. In dairy herds the milk supply is diminished. In beef herds loss of flesh spells no profits.
Testing has been done on a number of dairy farms, with the conclusion that this disease is far more wide-spread than was at first thought. A test-- similar to the test for tuberculosis--is easily applied with satisfying results. Cattle reacting to this test are eliminated by slaughter, the same as tuber culosis and Bang's disease reactors; however, the cattle owners do not receive indemnity for the diseased animals which are required to be slaughtered. Funds to match Federal funds for paying indemnity should be provided the same as for indemnity on reactor cattle to the Bang's and T. B. tests. No satisfactory cure for Johne's disease is known.
TRICHOMONIASIS
Bovine trichomoniasis is an infection of the genital organs of cattle caused by a protozoon, trichomonas foetus, which causes in infected animals abortion in from eight to sixteen weeks after coition. The disease is usually transmitted during copulation. It can be controlled by the application of appropriate measures. Wherever possible, infected animals should be separated from noninfected animals and infected bulls should not be used on clean cows, nor clean bulls on infected cows.
We have investigated and diagnosed one outbreak of this disease in the State during the period of this report and immediate steps were taken--in cooperation with U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry and the cattle owners-- to stop the losses and prevent spread of the disease.
HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA Hemorrhagic Septicemia is caused by a specific organism and is usually found in infected soil and stagnant water.
Several outbreaks in cattle and hogs have been reported to this office. Prompt investigations were made and measures taken to stop the losses.
Primary infection may prove fatal in one to two days. Secondary infection follows more or less some other trouble. Debilitating conditions or heavy infesrtations of internal parasites are predisposing factors. In outbreaks of acute type, immunization should be practiced.
MASTITIS
From a health and economic standpoint, mastitis of the dairy cow plays a very important part. From a health standpoint, mastitis may spread through the milk, septic sore throat, summer complaints of children, etc. From the dairy mans' standpoint, a cow with mastitis means loss of production, milk of poor quality and a source of infection to his entire herd. During the past six months 61 cows have been condemned for mastitis.
41

TICK ERADICATION

Tick infested areas in Florida and other southern states necessitate inspection of live stock on farms and in live stock centers to prevent reinfestation of Georgia with the cattle fever tick. No reinfestation occurred during the years 1937 and 1938.

We have inspectors stationed at various live stock market centers on inspec tion and check-up with authority to promptly quarantine any animal, in transit, infested with cattle fever ticks.

Herds 1,122

1937

Cattle Inspections

Cattle 187,553

Herds 2,874

1938

Cattle 281,861

GLANDERS
Numerous reports have been received in this office to the effect that some mules and horses were affected with glanders. In each case an investigation was made and many animals were mallin tested with negative results.

CONTROL OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN HORSES AND MULES
During the early part of 1938 a campaign on Bots was inaugurated in Walker County. One day was spent in each county district. Owners desiring to have their horses and mules treated assembled them at centralized points. The County Commissioners furnished the vermifuge at actual cost and a veteri narian from this office was on hand to administer it. A total of 742 animals was treated. Considered as only a beginning, we are well pleased with the results obtained.

INFECTIOUS EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Infectious equine encephalomyelitis--a comparatively new but highly fatal disease of horses and mules--is spreading over certain sections of the United States at an alarming rate; two types of the disease are recognizable: the Eastern and Western types. Of the outbreaks being reported in Georgia, one case has been confirmed by laboratory diagnosis. Preventive inoculation should be practiced where outbreaks occur.

SWINE DISEASES
Numerous reports of contagious swine diseases in various sections of the State were immediately investigated and steps were taken to prevent the spread of the disease. Some of the diseases were diagnosed as hog cholera, infectious necrotic neteritis, swine erysipelas, swine flu, pneumonia and heavy internal parasitic infestation.
Profitable pork production demands an economic control of contagious swine diseases and parasitic infestation. In fact, controlled parasitic infestation and controlled transportation of disease infected hogs are the major factors in a successful control of contagious swine diseases.
Both internal and external parasites take a heavy toll from the live stock growers over the State. Hogs are affected by various kinds of internal parasites,
42

the damage being estimated to equal the loss from hog cholera. Heavy infesta tion produces an unthrifty, emaciated, long-haired, undeveloped pig which will not pay. Sows that are heavily infested produce smaller and more un thrifty litters of inferior quality. Parasites not only rob pigs of the feed they should use in growing and developing, but cause serious injury to the various intestinal organs. They also make the animal more susceptible to infection by disease-producing bacteria.
Carelessness on the part of the owner is very expensive. Rather than spend money for condition powders, it is suggested that he spend more energy in providing lots and sleeping quarters for the hogs. Hogs heavily infested with internal parasites always bring less money at the slaughter centers than hogs free of parasites.
Numerous investigations from this office show that parasites are responsible for a large percentage of the hog losses.
COCKLEBUR POISONING IN SWINE
Numerous reports of death losses in hogs have been investigated during the late spring months by veterinarians of this department and the trouble has been found to be the result of pigs foraging on the tender shoots of the cocklebur. When the pigs were removed from the areas where the young cocklebur plants were growing losses immediately ceased.
Cocklebur sprouts, if tested, are found to be very sweet and not particularly distasteful when they are in the two-leaf stage. After the plants mature and large leaves form a repulsive taste and odor is developed. This quality, together with the fact that the plant at this stage loses most of its poisonous substance and becomes only mildly toxic, is probably the reason that losses do not occur when the plants have passed the cotyledon stage. The poisonous principle is a glucoside known as xanth-obstrumarian and is present in large quantities in these very young sprouts.
Since it is known that young cockleburs are decidedly toxic to pigs, pre cautions should be taken against losses by not allowing these animals to graze in infected areas at this particular stage in the development of the weed.
HOG CHOLERA
Hog cholera is a specific contagious disease to which only hogs are suscepti ble. It is practical and comparatively inexpensive to immunize against hog cholera. The treatment consists in injecting the animal with small quantity of blood obtained from a pig in the last stages of acute hog cholera, known as virus, and at the same time injecting the animal to be immunized with a sufficient amount of blood serum obtained from a hog that has previously been hyperimmunized. "Double-treated" hogs that successfully withstand the injection of large quantities of virus are known as hyper-immune and the blood secured from them, when defibrinated, is known as hog cholera serum.
Years of careful observation have established the fact that practically all hog cholera in the northern half of the State is the direct result of movements of sick pigs exposed to cholera in the southern part of the State, where more than 80% of our hogs are produced. These sporadic outbreaks in the northern part of the State could be avoided if the department could have the whole
43

hearted cooperation of all those who truck and peddle pigs from south to north Georgia.
While parasitic infestation presents the outstanding physical condition favoring the spread of contagious disease in swine, UNCONTROLLED TRANS PORTATION is and will remain the major cause in the spread of contagious swine diseases to new and non-infected sections of the State.
The indiscriminate use of hog cholera virus has in the past repeatedly set up new centers of infection. We recommend legislation which will control and restrict the distribution of virus, in order to prevent the spread of hog cholera from this source. The control and eradication of hog cholera and other contagious swine diseases depends on a prompt report to the State Veterinarian of the outbreak of any disease; the controlled distribution of hog cholera virus and other substances containing the living organisms which are capable of producing contagious diseases, and the controlled movements of hogs from infected areas. This formula is simple and sound in theory, but in practice it meets with many obstacles; prompted largely by selfish interests.
In open range counties movements of hogs cannot be regulated; but each movement of hogs from these infected, open range areas should be permitted only after careful inspection, immunization and disinfection by a competent veterinary inspector. With reasonable cooperation of hog owners, truckers and pig peddlers such hog movements could be made reasonably convenient, inex pensive and of incalculable value to the swine industry.
In treating infectious necrotic enteritis, swine erysipelas and swine flu, various specific veterinary biologies are used. Swine erysipelas serum is as efficient in preventing swine erysipelas in hogs as hog cholera serum is in preventing hog cholera. Efficient hygienic treatment and strict sanitary meas ures are always indicated in connection with the administration of preventive veterinary biologies in the control of contagious swine diseases.
RABIES
The fact that rabies can not only be controlled, but can be successfully and completely eradicated has very clearly been proven in a number of instances. Measures controlling dogs are necessary before any attempt is made to eradi cate the disease.
Regardless of the monetary value of our canine population, they are all appraised very highly in the eyes of the owners. Dog lovers--as a whole-- cooperate with regulatory officials in the protection of their property.
Many sporadic outbreaks of rabies in various sections of the State again force public attention to effecting some method whereby the danger of rabies to man will be minimized.
Various cities, through ordinances, force dog owners to have their dogs vaccinated against rabies; this is only one step in the control of the disease. It does not reach far enough to eliminate the stray dog--which is the major factor in the spread of rabies. We recommend State-wide rabies control and eradication law which will require registration of all dogs in the State.
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POULTRY
Due to lack of funds during 1937, our poultry work was confined to investi gations of diseases and the pullorum testing of four flocks, consisting of about 900 birds, for the higher rating under the National Poultry Improvement Plan. During the summer of 1938 plans were completed to again assume supervision, in cooperation with the Georgia Baby Chick Association and Federal Department of Agriculture, of the different phases of the poultry work, including culling, selecting and testing the flocks for pullorum disease; R. 0. P. work and in spection of the hatcheries operating under the plan as formulated by the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Under the National Poultry Improvement Plan, in cooperation with the Georgia Baby Chick Association and the Extension force, great efforts are being made to encourage and expand the poultry industry in Georgia. Poultrymen should have produced a large share of the sixty million dozen eggs imported into the State during the year 1937. More breeding stock is needed to help furnish the million and one-half hatching eggs imported from other states annually. Supervision is exercised only where the flocks and hatcheries are operating under the National Poultry Improvement Plan. The object in view is to produce a normal healthy chick to begin with, by strict culling and testing of the various flocks and constant inspection of the hatcheries.
Pullorum disease is our greatest worry--being carried from the infected hen through the egg to the baby chick--unfortunately all infected chicks do not die--some will survive to be a constant menace to the remainder of the flock. The greatest losses will occur the first two weeks of their life. Nature birds are not immune; coccidiosis and fowl-pox are the other diseases of considerable importance to the Georgia poultry industry. Parasites--both internal and ex ternal--are factors to be given considerable attention. The amount of profit or loss is often determined by the extent of parasitic infestation in the flock.
A regulation is in effect now requiring all poultry brought into the State for purposes other than immediate slaughter, must pass a negative test for tuber culosis. A similar regulation covering pullorum diseases is now desired. Super vision of all poultry imported for re-sale or slaughter should be maintained, and such supervision should be extended to poultry slaughter centers.
In view of the whole-hearted cooperative spirit demonstrated by the flock owners, the hatcheries and the Georgia Baby Chick Association, this work should expand. But it cannot expand or even continue as in the past without the financial assistance of the State. A direct appropriation should be made for this valuable work.
Supervision was maintained on pullorum testing of 398 flocks, composed of 66,053 birds. Thirty hatcheries are under the plan and require regular inspec tion. Seven flocks are entered under R. O. P. work and each requires at least seven inspections annually. Contagious diseases require investigations in addi tion to the other phases of the poultry work.
MEAT MARKET, SLAUGHTER HOUSE AND ABATTOIR INSPECTION
The people throughout the State are realizing more and more the importance and necessity of passing ordinances regulating slaughtering, handling and
45

inspection of meat. Also of constructing abattoirs where animals can be slaughtered and handled under sanitary conditions and where ante and post mortem inspection, which is very necessary for the protection of human health can be rendered.
They are also realizing the need for meat market inspection--for sanitary handling and proper refrigeration of meats.
1. The animals from which we obtain our food are brought to the abattoir to be slaughtered--which makes it possible for the inspector to make a thorough ante-mortem inspection. This is very necessary before the animal is slaughtered, as the inspector can detect diseases in the living animal that would be impossible on post-mortem inspection and would otherwise be overlooked; some such diseases which are dangerous to human health and life are: tetanus, rabies, etc.
2. The animals are slaughtered and handled under sanitary conditions where there is an adequate supply of pure water--both hot and cold. The carcasses are thoroughly washed--making it possible for the inspector to make a thorough post-mortem inspection in order to detect any abnormal condition or diagnose diseases which are dangerous to human health and life, and condemn the carcass as being unfit for human consumption--especially those diseases transmissible directly from animal to man--and those that may cause meat poisoning.
3. Animals slaughtered in abattoirs are slaughtered properly; properly bled --which is necessary in the preservation of meats and which makes them more wholesome for human consumption. After the meats are allowed to hang and drain in the dripping room for a certain length of time, they are conveyed in sanitary trucks to the storage room or meat markets and put under refrigeration.
4. Animals being slaughtered in abattoirs will stop "bootleg butchers" and unscrupulous persons from slaughtering sick or diseased animals out in the woods or elsewhere and from bringing the meats into town and selling on the streets or to the markets; or, from making the meats into sausage and peddling from house to house.
MEAT MARKET INSPECTION IS VERY NECESSARY FOR THE PRO TECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH. MARKETS SHOULD BE INSPECTED FOR SANITATION AND PROPER REFRIGERATION FACILITIES--ALSO, THE REPAIR OF EQUIPMENT AND BUILDING.
1. Buildings should be properly constructed. Floors, walls, ceiling, windows and doors should be made as nearly rat-proof as possible. Rats, mice, roaches and flies and all insects or sources of contamination where there is danger of spreading bacteria and diseases should be eliminated.
2. Market equipment and all utensils should be inspected as to condition of repair and sanitation. Boxes, meat cases or counters, meat blocks, sausage mills, meat choppers, saws, and scales should be kept clean and sanitary and in good repair at all times. Refrigerator boxes and counters should be kept in good repair and operating properly so as to assure required temperature to keep meats safely. Back rooms and toilets should be kept in good repair so as to afford sanitary conditions.
3. Inspection of meats in the markets is very essential for health protection.
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It should be determined if the meats are properly refrigerated and if meats, sausage and other meat products are sticky, sour and decomposed--also they should be carefully inspected to see if decomposition or fermentation is starting in the meats--such conditions are caused by improper refrigeration and handling of meats.
4. The personnel of the meat markets should be inspected carefully as to health certificates, proper dress, etc.
Our regulations require that the abattoir be properly constructed with adequate provisions for ventilation and light; that they be maintained in sanitary condition at all times; that suitable equipment for handling animals undergoing slaughter and for the preparation and handling of all meat and meat food products be employed; that tanking facilities for inedible products be provided; (small town slaughter house not equipped with tanking facilities shall dispense of all offal daily); all workers be required to wear clean clothing and be free from contagious and infectious diseases.
Our regulations require that all ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection be made by qualified veterinarians---i. e., approved and accredited by the State and Federal government officials. In fact, the law requires inspection "from the hoof to the can"--with all slaughtering processes being performed during the hours when inspectors are present and all diseased carcasses and parts being destroyed by tanking or kerosening, under inspection.
When you see that little purple stamp on your meats and the words "Inspected and Passed," it is assurance that the meats or meat products are fit and wholesome for human consumption.

INSPECTIONS

Inspections made on meat markets, abattoirs, sausage plants and packing houses to December 1, 1938------------------------------------------------------ 4,214

Number of above showing considerable improvement in sanitation, installation of new equipment and modern electric refrigeration. (This refrigeration assures better meats and less condemned products)--------------2,600

There are 30 abattoirs in the State where veterinary inspection is maintained. Ten of these abattoirs were built in the past year. There are seven packing houses in the State where Federal meat inspection is maintained, making a total of 37 slaughtering plants.

There are 12 cities and towns in the State planning to build abattoirs within the next 6 to 12 months, where animals can be slaughtered and handled under sanitary conditions and under ante and post-mortem inspection.

Packing houses and abattoirs reporting monthly during 1938 reported the following:

Hogs Cattle Calves Sheep Goats

1,085,463 327,086
. 142,135 9,119 3,758

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Total animals reported slaughtered at the various abattoirs and slaughter houses_____________________________________________ 1,567,561
Animals condemned ________________________________________________ 5,764 Meat condemned--in pounds________________________________________ '972,882 Livers condemned __________________________________________________ 570,621
Reports available of a few plants reporting prepared or cured meats and sausage, as follows: Smoked meats--S C_____________________________________10,921,660 (Pounds) Smoked meats--D S _____________________________________ 1,873,986 " Sausage -l______________________________________________ 13,828,984 "

MEAT TESTED

Meat samples collected in 1937 and submitted to the State Chemist showed a large percentage contained illegal preservatives. Meat samples collected in 1938 and submitted to the State Chemist showed a very small percentage contained illegal preservatives.

Abattoirs in Georgia where food animals are slaughtered under veterinary inspection on record in the office of the State Veterinarian are:

Location

Name of Abattoir

Athens, Georgia--Athens Butchers Abattoir Atlanta, Georgia, Brady Ave--Upchurch Packing Company Atlanta, Georgia, 1200 Howell Mill Road--United Butchers Abattoir Albany, Georgia--City Abattoir Brunswick, Georgia--City Abattoir Cairo, Georgia--Wesco Packing Company Camilla, Georgia--City Abattoir Cordele, Georgia--City Abattoir Cuthbert, Georgia--City Abattoir Douglas, Georgia--City Abattoir Dublin, Georgia--City Abattoir Fitzgerald, Georgia--Downing's Abattoir LaGrange, Georgia--Borders Packing Company LaGrange, Georgia--Rutland Packing . Company Manchester, Georgia--City Abattoir Macon, Georgia--T. & T. Packing Company Milledgeville, Georgia--State Hospital Abattoir Monroe, Georgia--City Abattoir Moultrie, Georgia--City Abattoir Newnan, Georgia--Beavers Packing Company Savannah, Georgia--Meddins Abattoir Savannah, Georgia--Shores Abattoir Summit, Georgia--City Abattoir Sylvester, Georgia--City Abattoir Valdosta, Georgia--City Abattoir Valdosta, Georgia--Carroll Abattoir Washington, Georgia--City Abattoir Waynesboro, Georgia--City Abattoir Waycross, Georgia--McCranie Brothers Abattoir

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Location

Name of Abattoir

Waycross, Georgia--Cauley's Abattoir Total--30.

Packing plants in Georgia where food animals are slaughtered supervision of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry:
Albany, Georgia--Cudahy Packing Company Atlanta, Georgia (Howell Mill Ed.)--White Provision Company Augusta, Georgia--J. Shapiro & Company Columbus, Georgia--Wilson Packing Company Moultrie, Georgia--Swift & Company Thomasville, Georgia.--Georgia Packing Company Tifton, Georgia--Armour & Company
Total--7.

under

LIVESTOCK AUCTION MARKETS IN GEORGIA ON RECORD IN OFFICE OF STATE VETERINARIAN

Location Albany, Georgia Alston, Georgia Augusta, Georgia
Augusta, Georgia Baxley, Georgia Bainbridge, Georgia Blackshear, Georgia Cochran, Georgia Columbus, Georgia Cordele, Georgia Cordele, Georgia Douglas, Georgia Eastman, Georgia Enigma, Georgia Fitzgerald, Georgia Glennville, Georgia Hagan, Georgia Hawkinsville, Georgia Jesup, Georgia Lyons, Georgia Macon, Georgia McRae, Georgia Metter, Georgia Milan, Georgia Millen, Georgia Ocilla, Georgia Quitman, Georgia Savannah, Georgia Savannah, Georgia Sandersville, Georgia Statesboro, Georgia Statesboro, Georgia

Name of Yard

Auction Sales Day

Union Stock Yards

Wednesday

Alston Stock Yard

Friday

Smith Stock Yard

Tuesday and

Wednesday

Lamkin-Hunter Stock Yards

Wednesday

Baxley Stock Yards

Thursday

Bainbridge Stock Yards

Thursday

Pierce County Stock Yard

Tuesday

Purser Livestock Company

Friday

Columbus Stock Yard

Monday

Cordele Livestock Commission Company Friday

Pless Livestock Company

Monday

Douglas Stock Yards

Tuesday

Dodge County Agricultural Assn.

Monday

Henderson Stock Yards

Friday

Downing Livestock Commission Co.

Thursday

Tattnall Livestock Company

Wednesday

Shuman Livestock Yard

Monday

Bennett Stock Yard

Wednesday

Jesup Stock Yard

Friday

Benton Stock Yard

Monday

Jones-Neuhoff Commission Company

Tuesday

McRae Livestock Market

Tuesday

Candler Livestock Market

Friday

Milan Livestock Market

Wednesday

Millen Livestock Market

Wednesday

Irwin County Livestock Market

Tuesday

Georgia-Florida Livestock Company

Friday

Savannah Stock Yard

Tuesday

Horney Livestock Commission Co.

Wednesday

Jackson Trading Company

Tuesday

Bulloch Stock Yard

Tuesday

Statesboro Livestock Commission Co. Wednesday

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Location Swainsboro, Georgia
Swainsboro, Georgia Sylvania, Georgia Tifton, Georgia Valdosta, Georgia Vidalia, Georgia Waycross, Georgia

Name of Yard

Auction Sales Day

Swainsboro Livestock Company

Monday and

Thursday

Emanuel Co. Livestock Com. Co.

Tuesday

Screven Livestock Commission Company Friday

Farmers Community Sales

Wednesday

Valdosta Livestock Company

Thursday

Vidalia Livestock Yard

Wednesday

Waveross Livestock Market

Tuesday

Yours very truly

J. M. SUTTON, State Veterinarian.

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WOMEN'S DIVISION
Report of
MRS. ROBIN WOOD,
Director of the Women's Division of the State Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Markets
On February 15, 1937 I was appointed by Hon. Columbus Roberts, Com missioner of Agriculture, to head the Women's Division of the State Bureau of Markets. The placing of a woman in the Department of Agriculture to aid farm women was the result of a petition presented to Mr. Roberts by Georgia women. The function of the position was to assist rural leaders and families with the problems which could be better understood by a woman. The direct object being the social and economic improvement of rural families.
The State Federation of Women's Clubs at their annual convention in Macon in May 1937 voted to assist us in our program of establishing rural-urban Markets. The annual meeting of 1938 in Albany commended the Director for conceiving the idea of establishing rural-urban county conferences and for establishing them.
The State Business and Professional Women's Club in session in Macon in 1938 appointed Rural-Urban chairmen to assist with marketing.
The Affiliated Democratic Women of Georgia drew up resolutions at the 1938 annual conference thanking the Commissioner for the work accomplished in rural Georgia by the Director, Mrs. Wood.
The state Garden and Music Clubs, County Commissioners, Chambers of Commerce, and various other civic bodies have co-operated in the work and the A. A. U. W. leaders have expressed a desire to co-operate with the depart ment. The Lions Clubs, in many instances, have sponsored and financed ruralurban markets.
The American Legion leaders have expressed a desire to co-operate in this rural work and plans are being worked out with them.
In carrying out the above program, I divided my work into five distinct divisions as follows:
1--Rural-Urban Co-operative Marketing. 2--State Handiwork Exchange. 3--County Rural-Urban Conferences. 4--Rural-Urban Friendship Groups. 5--A State Rural-Urban Conference.
Once a week since April 1937 I have presented radio programs over WSB for the purpose of developing the above named projects. These programs have been broadcast without any expense to the State.
I have spoken before Lions Clubs, Kiwanis Clubs, Legion groups, ParentTeachers, Women's Clubs of all kinds, Missionary Societies and church groups throughout the State, asking them to help in a Rural-Urban Co-operative move ment in the State.
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The outstanding accomplishments of our Rural-Urban markets are as follows:
1. The markets are laying a foundation for the success of the State Farmers' Markets in that they are teaching the country women and girls how to properly grade and prepare the farm produce for market.
2. The markets are small, local county laboratories in which the rural people test the value of their efforts.
3. The markets are contact stations where the rural women meet with the consumers and find out how to please the public with what they produce.
4. We realize that the old theory that a few prominent leaders and paid workers in any field, no matter how capable, cannot bring about prosperity. Women are beginning to realize that it takes the masses of all classes working together to keep money in our State.
5. The markets are proving to the country people that money cannot be realized from inferior produce. It must be 100 per cent perfect. It must be planned and grown according to where and when it can be sold. It must be grown in sufficient quantities to warrant the expense of marketing.
6. The markets have proved that cooperation of every training agency, every experiment station and every research division with the State Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Markets, would mean financial security for the farmers, provided the above principles were adhered to.

Location Bainbridge Douglas Milledgeville Ghipley Camilla Quitman Atlanta Lavonia Cordele Barnesville Decatur Jackson Moultrie

MARKETS
Date Opened March 27, 1937 May 22, 1937 October 23, 1937 Sept. 9, 1937 May 22, 1937 Oct. 9, 1937 June 5, 1937 June 1, 1937 Oct. 9, 1937 Oct. 30, 1937 July 20, 1937 May 22, 1937 Nov. 26, 1938

Amounts Sold

To

Total to

Jan.l, 1938

Jan. 1, 1939

$2,000.00

$5,000.00

923.00

2,568.00

600.00

2,225.23

195.00

729.83

1,766.00

4,299.88

250.00

250.00

120.28

120.28

478.61

478.61

86.70

86.70

85.00

85.00

250.00

250.00

56.02

56.02

85.00

HOW ORGANIZED
Strict rules governing the markets were compiled and have been carefully observed. Markets were not new but the Rural-Urban Co-operative Markets were entirely new. I realized the need of regular weekly customers and a standardization of produce. Town and city women were asked to assist in operating the markets. The women were made responsible for the manage ment, quarters and customers. Rural women were to be the sellers and all paid
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rural workers, whether state or federal, were urged to assist the rural women in planning and growing suitable wares for the market; also to teach the rural women how to grade and improve their produce in order that it 'might meet the standards demanded by the city family.
We opened our first market at Bainbridge on March 27, 1937.
After a year, the Decatur County Commissioners realized the great advantage of Rural-Urban co-operative marketing over the old system. There fore a city lot was donated and the pledges were as follows:
County Commissioners, $250.00; City Commissioners, $100.00; Chamber of Commerce, $100.00; Subscriptions, $150.00. With these funds a market was erected in 1938. This market was turned over to the country women for use as long as they want to sell their produce.
In June 1937 the market sent to Atlanta 250 hampers of vegetables. These vegetables were properly graded and were delivered by truck. This market has sold approximately $5,000 worth of produce. Quoting from the Bainbridge paper: "We women of Bainbridge and Decatur County expect to show what can be done through co-operation."
Country and town women have become friends through rural-urban co operative marketing. The market has caused money to accumulate in Decatur County; it has dropped coins into the hands of the rural family; the rural women have in turn spent that money with the merchant, the baker, the drycleaner. In fact, everybody in Bainbridge and Decatur County has profited financially. Money has been kept at home and that is not all, trucks have begun to route themselves by Bainbridge to the Atlanta State Market.
NEW MARKETS
The latest market opened is in Moultrie. The Colquitt County Rural-Urban Market was opened by me on November 26, 1938. This market is sponsored by the Moultrie Worthwhile Club and other civic and church organizations.
The Dublin Market for Laurens County rural people will open soon and will be sponsored by the Lions Club.
The markets are self-sustaining and operate without cost to the State.
In 1937 we had an exhibit of needle-work and handicraft of the rural women at the Southeastern Pair. Last year we had on display at the Georgia State Fair, Macon, a Model Home furnished completely with Georgia-made articles.
RURAL-URBAN COMMITTEE
The State Rural-Urban Conference Committee is composed of the following; Mrs. A. B. Conger, Bainbridge; Mrs. Frank David, Columbus; Judge Charles Worrill, Judge I. H. Sutton, Mrs. Columbus Roberts, Columbus; Mrs. Eugene Hackett, Camilla; Mr. John Hall, Jr., Moultrie; Mrs. Clay L. Dean, Moultrie; Mrs. E. L. Tanner, Douglas; Mrs. Alice Longino, Douglas; Mrs. Sam Whatley,
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Milledgeville; Mr. J. L. Sibley, Milledgeville; Mr. Jere Moore, Milledgeville; Mrs. Clara Conroy, Albany; Dr. Amanda Johnson, of G. S. C. W., Milledgeville; Mrs. Claude Crayton Smith, Atlanta.
Mrs. L. I. Waxlebaum, Macon; Mr. W. D. McCranie, Eastman; Mr. R. F. Burch, Eastman; Miss Zora Carnes, Donaldsonville; Mrs. Bradshaw Clarke, Donaldsonville; Mr. Roy Robertson, Donaldsonville; Mr. H. I. Head, Marietta; Mrs. Stewart Brown, Royston; Mrs. Lemuel James, Gray; Mr. J. I. Bishop, Macon; Mr. Bright McConnell, Augusta; Mrs. Sarah Dixon DeLoach, Savannah; Mrs. J. A. Rollison, Waycross; Mrs. H. Y. Tillman, Valdosta; Mrs. Susie Moore, Tifton; Judge Charles Reid, Dr. Ellis Fuller, Dr. Louie Newton, Mayor Wm. B. Hartsfield, all of Atlanta; Dr. Spright Dowell and Dr. Frank Jones, Macon; Mr. J. L. Gillis, Soperton; Commissioner Columbus Roberts, Columbus; Judge John Wood, Canton; Mrs. Louise McEachen; Mr. Roy McGinty, Calhoun; Mrs. J. E. Morris.
COUNTY RURAL-URBAN CONFERENCE
In many counties there are small units and in some there are very large ones. The first one organized was in Dodge County, with Mr. W. D. McCranie chairman. Some of the outstanding accomplishments are: The investigation of health conditions and petitions to Grand Juries for the passing of the Ellis Health Law, as in Pike County; resolutions for the protection of wild life, as passed by the Rural-Urban conference for Baldwin County, Mrs. Sam Whatley, secretary; investigation of educational handicaps and recommenda tion for new school house by Rural-Urban conference in Morgan County, Mrs. Marian Blackmon, chairman, Mr. Roy McGinty, secretary.
Group growing study and plans for marketing as in Walton, Pike, Seminole, and other counties.
The monthly conferences have been held as forums. Prominent speakers have given their time to discuss with committees problems such as, improvement of health, recreation, handicrafts, marketing, grading, and other subjects. Farmers and their wives have met with town leaders and together they have investigated the needs of their respective counties. It is hoped that these county rural-urban conferences will grow to be a vital force for good in the government of the State.
STATE HANDIWORK EXCHANGE
The Georgia Handicraft and Needle-work Exchange was organized in Decatur, Ga., July 23rd, 1937. On the opening day, over 100 country women from all sections of Georgia sent articles to the market. On the first day, $80 worth of goods were sold. The market remained open eight months during which time about $2,000.00 worth of merchandise was sold. The building had been donated by the Masons of Decatur and water and lights were also furnished by them. The market manager received a fee of 10 per cent for articles sold. Articles sent to the market were frankly criticized as to color, material, usefulness. Radio talks were made to the women, also lectures in the various rural communities on improvement for hand-made articles.
The market proved valuable in that it was raising the standard of Georgia handiwork, but there were no funds for paying expenses or salary of the
54

manager, therefore, we returned the unsold articles to the country women. It is our intention to begin a Georgia league of arts and crafts in the Department of Agriculture to fill this need for improvement along these lines.
RURAL-URBAN FRIENDSHIP GROUPS
In April, 1938, the Woman's Division began the formation of rural-urban friendship clubs with the city and country women as friendship sisters. This was another approach to the problem of getting rural-urban co-operation for the benefit of rural families. Friendship clubs have been organized in many of the Atlanta churches, the first being organized in the First Methodist Church; the second in the Church of the Epiphany (Episcopal); the third in the St. Marks Methodist and the fourth in the First Baptist Church, Savannah, in the Sara DeLoach Society; fifth in the First Presbyterian Church of Atlanta. Each city woman chooses a friend in the country, communicates with her and in many instances visits have been made and presents exchanged. The city friendship sisters have been made and presents exchanged. The city friendship sisters will entertain their rural friends at the coming ruralurban conference which is to be held on April 28th and 29th.
Over 1,000 women are now members of the Rural-Urban Friendship Club.
THE FIRST GEORGIA RURAL-URBAN CONFERENCE
Under my direction the first Georgia Rural-Urban Conference was held on March 29 and 30, 1938 in the Municipal auditorium in Atlanta. The Conference opened with a concert by the WPA Band, Walter Sheets, director, followed by a patriotic ceremony in which prominent women of patriotic organizations took part. Salute to the flag was directed by Mrs. S. M. Page Reese. Music was furnished by the Home Demonstration Council and 4-H Club bands and Miss Edith Miller, WSB soloist; Mrs. Eula Lee Vaughn and Mrs. John Vaughn. Two plays were presented, "Giving Wings to Work," by the Georgia Power Company, and "The March of Health," written by me and presented by the Fulton County School department, under the direction of Miss Lucile Wing.
The purpose of the Conference was to co-ordinate all functioning organiza tions and individuals in a rural improvement program. Seven thousand women were present and several hundred men leaders. Delegates consisted of twentyfive rural and twenty-five urban women from every county in Georgia, County Commissioners, Editors, County School Superintendents, County Demonstration Agents, County Agents, Librarians, Vocational Teachers, Resettlement Farm Supervisors, and representatives from every functioning organization interested in rural life in their respective districts, and 4-H Club members.
The program included discussions on Health, Education, Social, Moral, and Religious Improvement, Conservation, Rural Electrification, and increase of the Farm family income. All Federal and State Departments pertaining to this phase of work co-operated with civic organizations and rural clubs to make the Conference a success.
The purpose of the Conference as outlined in part by me at the opening session was as follows:
"We need to re-awaken interest in the rural-life as it centers around church, home and school. Country homes and surroundings should be attractive;
55

modern conveniences, health advantages, cultural and educational improvement can only come in a substantial way through increase of the farm family income. The need of this increase is the problem which is facing us and there fore you are invited to join this Conference and help in a Rural-Urban improve ment program for Georgia. It is my plan for us to divide the State into a hundred and fifty-nine Rural-Urban County Conferences, where your county leaders will meet together to discuss and work out plans to improve your indi vidual county. These leaders should include presidents of civic, church and patriotic organizations and other leaders interested in the work; also State and Federal workers and rural men and women and all town and county officials.
"Those present today are charter members of this great Rural-Urban Con ference and you are logical ones to hold your Rural-Urban Conference in your own county. Next year at the Rural-Urban Conference I hope each of you will have a Report to make on what you have done to help your county."
There were exhibits from the University of Georgia, Pine Mountain Valley Project, and the State Department of Education, Forestry and Soil Conservation Departments.
The speakers at the Conference included: Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, wife of the President of the United States; Governor E. D. Rivers, of Georgia; Mayor Wm. B. Hartsfield, of Atlanta; Commissioner Columbus Roberts; Judge Camille Kelley, of the Juvenile Court, Memphis; Julia Peterkin, farmer and author; Mrs. Frank Boatright; Mr. Walter McDonald, chairman of the Georgia Public Service Commission; Mr. Boyd Fisher, of the Rural Electrification Administration; Dr. M. D. Collins, State School Superintendent.
Dr. S. V. Sanford, Chancellor of the University System of Georgia; Miss Sallie Aiken, President of the Georgia Library Association; Mrs. Lurline Collier, State Demonstration Agent; Mrs. Charles Center, State P.-T. A.; "Rural-Parent Education," by Mr. Walter Brown, Director of Extension Serv ice, Athens; Mr. Ralph M. Ramsey, Secretary Georgia Education Association; Mrs. Marjorie Illig, National Cancer Control Commander; Dr. T. F. Aber crombie, State Director of Health.
Mrs. J. A. Rollison, President Georgia Division, Affiliated Democratic Women's Clubs; Mrs. A. B. Conger, President of Federation of Georgia Women's Clubs; Mrs. J. C. Meares, Farm Woman, of Whigham; Miss Grace Moore, Market Manager; Mrs. T. J. Simmons, of the Milledgeville Market; Mrs. Sam Whatley, Market Manager; Mr. Jere N. Moore, President of the Georgia Press Association; Mrs. Wiley, President of the Home Demonstration Clubs; Mr. W. W. Webb, Pres ident of the Georgia Old-Age Pension Association; Miss Gay Shepperson, of the Georgia Works Progress Administration; Dr. Clarence Poe, Editor of the Progressive Farmer.
Mrs. Roosevelt in her address said: "History is being made in this RuralUrban Conference and I am glad I am having a part in it." She was made a charter member and was presented membership badge by me.
Later in her column, "My Day," printed in many newspapers throughout the nation, Mrs. Roosevelt wrote: "I went directly to the meeting held in the civic auditorium for Rural and Urban women . . . Everything was free for the Rural women . . . and I think it has set a pattern for similar conferences in other parts of the country."
56

In discussing the Rural-Urban county conference, Mrs. Roosevelt said: "It seems to me that Mrs. Wood has the right idea in her plan to organize the counties so that all local problems may be discussed ... if monthly meetings are held in each county then I think you will be able to hold a conference next year."
Quoting from the Hiawassee Herald of April 7: "We were proud to be charter members of an organization that has set a precedent that other agricultural states will follow."
The rural women delegates were guests in Atlanta homes. The next Rural-Urban Conference will be held on April 28 and 29 in Atlanta. Reports will be made from the various counties regarding the progress of the counties since the last meeting. Judge Camille Kelley will again address the Conference. Forums will be conducted on cancer, infantile paralysis, malaria and tuberculosis. Discussions of handicraft, recreation and government will be held. The first Rural-Urban Conference was held with no expense to the State. It is hoped that every year a conference of this kind will be held in the same manner as the first one.
Jan. 15, 1939.
57

FINANCIAL REPORT
by J. C. NEWTON, Cashier

FARMERS MARKET FUND 1937
Receipts--Appropriated (Allocated)
Receipts paid State Treasurer in fees______ $63,083.81 Receipts refunded for advance rent paid in
1936 _____ __________________________ 2,500.00

Less 3 %

Net

1,892.51 $61,191.30

TOTAL RECEIPTS___________ $65,583.81

Expenditures

Personal Services __________________________ $23,417.72

Travel Expense ______________________________ 263.40

Supplies ______________________________________ 6,801.16*

Communications ______________________________ 462.41

Heat, Light, Power and Water__________

7,977.36

Printing ---------------------------------------------------------- 233.28

Repairs ______________________________________ 209.33

Rents ________________________________________- 20,611.25

Insurance and Bonds______________________

11.25

Equipment____________________________________ 988.91

Miscellaneous ______________________$1,108.51

Less Cash on Hand------------------- 1,000.00

108.05

TOTAL OPERATING COST_________$61,084.57 Purchase of Cafe Equipment.__________________ 3,500.00

$64,584.57 Deficit _____ ________________________ 3,393.27

$61,191.30

$61,191.30

Net Receipts ________________________________ Receipts Refunds _____________________________

$61,191.30 2,500.00

Net Operating Cost___________________________ $61,084.57 Surplus Profit from Actual Operations ---------- 2,606.73

$63,691.30

$63,691.30

$63,691.30

Item includes $5,555.04 foods and supplies purchased and resold at profit.

59

FARMERS MARKET FUND 1938
Receipts--Appropriated (Allocated) 97% of $131,899.44_________________________ From Stabilization Fund----------------------------------From Emergency Fund _______________________

Expenditures Personal Services _____________________________ $35,141.84 Travel Expense_______________________________ 219.40 Supplies _____________________________________ 1,512.57 Communication ______________________________ 453.06 Heat, Light, Power and Water.________________ 9,019.65 Printing _____________________________________ 132.65 Repairs ______________________________________ 708.76 Rents ________________________________________ 23,694.00 Insurance and Bonds_________________________ 370.00 Equipment ___________________________________ 1,229.33 Miscellaneous ________ _____________ $1,101.20 Less Cash on hand_____________ 1,000.00
101.20
OPERATING COST (Including $23,694.00 rents) 72,582.46 Lands and Buildings purchased________________ 64,416.96 Cafe (Foods and Supplies re-sold)_____________ 45,755.37
$182,754.79
SURPLUS
VETERINARY FUND 1937
Receipts Appropriated____________ Allocated _______________ 20% of $100,000.00 Loan

Expenditures

Personal Services ________________

$22,741.43

Travel Expense ______________________________ 9,669.20

Supplies ___________

542.44

Communications ______________________________ 793.61

Printing _____________________________________ 644.57

Repairs ______________________________________

79.09

Equipment ___________________________________ 410.97

Miscellaneous ________________________________ 101.84

TOTAL OPERATING COST_____________ $34,983.15

Operating Surplus or Balance.--. 60

$127,942.46 24,994.41 31,755.59
$184,692.46
182,754.79 $ 1,937.67 $ 17,500.00
7,988.42 20,000.00 $ 45,488.42
34,983.15 $10,505.27

VETERINARY FUND
1938
Receipts (Appropriation or Allocation) 1937 Balance ________________________________ $10,505.27 20% of 873% of $309,988.63 Fees___________ 54,124.01

Expenditures Personal Services Travel Expense . Supplies _______ Communications . Printing ________ Repairs ________ Equipment _____ Miscellaneous __

$29,916.75 13,767.27 596.44 1,134.31 348.65 3.00 52.50 126.76

OPERATING COST _________________________ $45,945.68 Old Accounts of Former Administration Paid__ 7,458.25

$53,403.93

Operating Surplus or Balance___________ ___

$ 64,629.28
53,403.93 $ 11,225.35

EGG FUND

1937

Receipts Appropriated--Allocation Fees.

Less 3 % $5,577.87 $167.33
6,536.15 196.08

Net 5,410.54 6,340.07

$12,114.02 $363.41 $11,750.61

Expenditures

Personal Services _____________________________$ 6,156.68

Travel Expense _______________________________ 2,665.92

Supplies ______________________________________

20.19

Communication ______________________________ 181.66

Printing __________________________________ ,___ 985.09

TOTAL OPERATING COST

$10,009.54

10,009.54

Operating Surplus for Period.

$ 1,741.07

EGG FUND
1938
Receipts (Appropriated or Allocated) Balance 1937 ____ ^___ ______________ 873% of $11,677.38________________
Expenditures Personal Services Travel Expense _ Supplies _______ Communications . Printing ________ Miscellaneous __
TOTAL OPERATING COST
Operating Surplus for Period.

7,100.00 2,473.60
12.27 37.97 517.70
.72
$10,142.08

; 1,741.07 10,194.36 $11,935.43
10,142.08 1,793.00

REGULAR OPERATIONS

Receipts
Appropriated 80% $100,000.00 Loan

1937

Less 20%

Fees Less 3%

Veterinary

Collected

Division

$120,000.00

----------------------------- ------------------------------ 80,000.00

41,074.23 1,232.22 39,842.11 7,988.42 31,853.69

$231,853.69

Expenditures

Personal Services ____________________________$133,473.00

Travel Expense______________________________ 31,789.45

Supplies _____________________________________ 6,057.43

Communication _____________________________ 7,858.04

Heat, Light, Power and Water________________ 2,825.82

Printing ____________________________________ 20,652.62*

Repairs _____________________________________

666.54

Rents and Storage__________________________

212.07

Insurance and Bonds________________________

162.50

Equipment___________________________________ 2,995.91

Miscellaneous _______________________________ 1,276.42

TOTAL OPERATING COST

$207,796.80

207,796.80

Operating Surplus or Balance Includes Market Bulletin.

$ 23,883.89

REGULAR OPERATIONS
1938
Receipts (Appropriation or Allocation) Balance 1937 ____ __________________ 80% of 873% of $309,988.63 fees__

Expenditures

Personal Services ____________________________$138,166.02

Travel Expense _____________________________ 30,034.86

Supplies _____________________________________ 5,019.28

Communications ____________________________ 7,933.40

Heat, Light, Powerand Water________________ 2,817.08

Printing ___________________________________ 23,325.95*

Repairs _____________________________________

262.01

Insurance and Bonds_________________________

901.86

Equipment _________________________________

186.73

Miscellaneous _______________________________ 1,379.83

OPERATING COST_________________________ $210,627.02 Old Accounts of Former Administrations Paid 18,325.98

$228,352.98

Surplus or Balance

$ 23,883.89 216.496.04
$240,379.93
228,352.98 $ 12,026.95

*Includes Market Bulletin.

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