Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Georgia for the year ending December 31, 1913

REPORT
OF THE
Commissioner of Agriculture
OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
FOR THE
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER, 31, 1913

J. D. PRICE, Commissioner DAN. G. HUGHES, Asst. Commissioner J. F. JOHNSON, Chief Clerk

ATLANTA, GA. Chas. P. Byrd, State Printer.
1914.

SE

3 Ell-------IE

PI

REPORT
OF THE
Commissioner of Agriculture
OF THE
STATE. OF GEORGIA
FOR THE
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1913
J. D. PRICE, Commissioner DAN G. HUGHES, Asst. Commissioner J. F. JOHNSON, Chief Clerk
ATLANTA, GA. Chas. P. Byrd, State Printer
1914

To His Excellency, John M. Slaton, Governor of Ga.:
I most respectfully submit herewith the 1913 report of the Department of Agriculture, in conformity with the requirements of the law.
The report of the Chemist, the Veterinarian, the Drug Inspector, the Pure Food Inspector, the Oil Inspector, the Entomologist and the financial statement are sub mitted to you in detail, all of which are worthy of your careful consideration. I wish, however, to emphasize particularly some portions of these. You will see from the report of the Chemist that he has most profitably used the appropriation made for the laboratories, and I hope the Legislature will continue these appropriations. In fact, they should be increased, for aside from the fact that we find great difficulty in meeting the demands this season, we are constantly having additional calls.
Since January the first our inspectors have taken 11, 109 samples of fertilizers. Whereas, during the entire year of 1913, 9,525 samples were taken. This shows an increase to June 1st of 1,584 samples. The number of samples transmitted to the laboratory during the first five months of this year was 5,407, against a total for the entire previous year of 4,738, which shows an increase of 699 samples. At this present increase, before the season is over, we will reach more than 6,000 samples, which breaks the record not only for the State of Georgia, but will be more than the combined analyses made of any. other three or four States. Of these 5,407 samples, 2,672 are what are known as "Specials." These samples are taken on the farm and reports are sent direct to the in dividual farmer, so that he will know the result of the
3

analysis of his fertilizer before the issuing of the bulletin. This, too, is a record number for our State, compared with the previous season, when there were 1,637 "Spec ials" analyzed during the entire year. It will be seen that already 1,035 more "Specials" have been taken, which means that practically 1,000 more farmers have been acquainted with results of analysis.
In addition to the fertilizer samples, we have taken and analyzed 1,196 samples of foods, feeds and drugs. This, too, is a record number for the same period of time. Results have been sent to both producers and consumers, together with information as to how to improve their products.
From the above facts, it will be seen that the demands made on the Department are increasing rapidly, and our laboratories should not be handicapped for the lack of funds to do this work promptly, for it is of the very great est importance that the farmers of Georgia should have a report of the analysis of fertilizers used by them. Fur ther, the proper inspection of foods, feeds and drugs means much to the State and the real value of this work is beginning to be recognized and appreciated. If the present appropriations are given to the laboratories, we will be able to continue the work along these lines.
Most people are beginning to recognize the impor tance of leguminous crops and many farmers are be ginning to plant these rather extensively. Most of these, however, have to be inoculated with nitrogen fixing bac teria. These cultures could be produced at a cost to the farmer of about 25 cents per acre. They are now costing farmers about $2.00 per acre. This matter is referred to in the report of the Chemist and I believe it is worthy of your most careful consideration.
Owing to the lack of a sanitary law, we find great dif-
4

ficnlty in enforcing the food law as it should he enforced, and I therefore call your attention to the recommenda tions of the Food Inspector.
It is gratifying to note from the report of the State Entomologist that we are making material progress in preparing for the advent of the dreaded Mexican Boll Weevil. This pest has cost many of the cotton producing States great loss and complete disorganization of farm operations, for the reason that these States were hot pre pared for the weevil when he came. We have made earn est efforts to arouse the farmers and the business inter ests and from Mr. Worsham's report I think you will find that our efforts have been rewarded. It is also grat ifying to note that the acreage in fruit has been increased. The peach crop means much to the State and I believe that within a few years the apple will bring as much ready money and will help very materially in develop ing the northern portion of Georgia.
The Live Stock Industry is attracting considerable attention all over the State and I therefore call particular attention to the report of Dr. Peter F. Bahnsen, .the State Yeterinarian. I think this report will show that the money appropriated for our work in hog cholera, infec tious diseases and tick eradication has been used with splendid results. The work has only begun, but it has been handled so thoroughly that we are having no diffi culty in procuring the most hearty co-operation of coun ties and individuals. I think the report of Dr. Bahnsen is worthy of a most careful consideration.
In calling attention to the report of Dr. T. A. Cheat ham, Drug Inspector, I wish to say that it has been the policy of the Department to co-operate with druggists ns far as possible in enforcing the law, but where this failed to bring about the enforcement of the law we have
5

not hesitated to resort to the courts. The policies of the Department have been most highly commended by the press and individuals of the State.
I wish to emphasize Dr. Cheatham's reference to the Poison Law. Insecticides, fungicides, etc., should be handled so as they could be purchased without the pres ent difficulties by fruit and truck growers, and the pres ent law can be amended so as to overcome this difficulty without destroying the effectiveness of it, and I there fore respectfully recommend this amendment.
We call attention to the report of Dr. W. C. Bryant, State Oil Inspector, which shows that the consumption of illuminating oils and gasoline continues to increase.
As the law requiring the inspection of gasoline is com paratively a new one and, notwithstanding the fact we have issued a bulletin for free distribution giving the law in full, there still seems to be many who do not un derstand its intent. For this reason we desire to say here that the law does not undertake to say what gravity gasoline shall be sold, but it does state specifically that the vendor shall display at the point of delivery a pla card showing the buyer just what grade of gasoline is offered him. This law is based on the idea that the dif ference in gravity governs the quality as well as the commercial value of the fluid. With these facts before him the buyer may choose for himself regardless of the claims of the dealer.
During the current year we published and distributed the following bulletins:
Bulletin No. 58, Commercial Fertilizers. Bulletin No. 59, Beport of the Commissioner. These bulletins have attracted attention of the far mers and the demand for them has been great; especially has bulletin No. 59 been of interest and has been the di
6

rect cause of a great many other bulletins reaching the hands of the practical farmer.
I find a growing demand for information, and we are constantly having calls for other bulletins, such as we should and would issue but for the lack of funds. There are several bulletins which should be issued at once.
Oue would be a complete description of several Geor gia farms which have proven money makers. A de-' tailed history of such farms should be put into the hands of other farmers, for very often practical information is used where scientific or technical bulletins would not be read. The data for this bulletin could be gathered at comparatively little cost, for the operators of these farms would gladly give the information.
Another bulletin which is greatly needed is one to show the possibilities of Georgia for desirable homeseekers. I have inquiries from every State in the Union and many foreign countries for this kind of information and the Georgia Department of Agriculture should by all means have a publication worthy of our State to be sent in answer to such inquiries.
One other matter I think should have your attention and that is we need above all else better business methods on the farm, and the Georgia farmer is ready for help along this line and the Department should extend him a helping hand. Just now one of the Bureaus of the U. S. Department of Agriculture is doing some work in Geor gia, and if I had funds, co-operative arrangement could be had whereby great strides would be made in this di rection.
Georgia is aroused as never before and is making marvelous strides, and we need to take advantage of every forward step. I, therefore, feel that I would be derelict in my duty if I did not call your attention to-

some of these facts and urge that you provide at least enough money so that the farmers may be given the aid and assistance they need and should demand of the De partment of Agriculture, which would be an effective fac tor in their advancement.
In submitting this report to you, I wish to thank the heads of each and every agency working in Georgia for agricultural improvement and rural development, for their most hearty co-operation, and I am very glad to be able to report to you that all of these agencies in the State are working together in perfect harmony.
In conclusion, I wish to express my thanks to you and all of the State House officials for their kindly aid to me in making my administration as Commissioner of Agri culture effective.
Respectfully submitted, J. D. Price,
Commissioner of Agriculture. December 31,1913.
8

STATEMENT OE EECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF FERTIL IZER INSPECTION FEES DURING THE TERM OF J. J. CONNER FROM JANUARY 1, 1913, to JUNE 30, 1913.

DK. '

Received from Sale of Tax Tags.................................................... $114,015 87

Received from Bulk Tax..................................................................

1,136 69

By Salaries .................................................................. $ 2,132 50

By General Expense.................................................... 3,274 58

By Purchase of Tags....................................................

576 00

By Freight and Drayage..............................................

136 11

By State Treasurer...................................................... 106,400 00

Balance to J. D. Price, Commissioner...................... 2,633 37

$115,152 56 $115,152 56

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF FERTIL IZER INSPECTION FEES DURING THE TERM OF J. D. PRICE FROM JULY 1, 1913, TO DECEMBER 31, 1913.

DE.
Received from J. J. Conner, Commissioner.................................... Received from Sale of Tax Tags.................................................... Received from Bulk Tax..................................................................

$ 2,633 37 11,786 23 238 81

CE.
By Swift Fertilizer Works Refund on Overpaid Bulk Tax.................................................................$ 92 50
By State Treasurer...................................................... 14,565 91
$14,658 41 $14,658 41

9

STATEMENT OE AMOUNTS PAID STATE TREASURER ERO'M PEES DERIVED FROM SALE OP FERTILIZER INSPECTION TAX TAGS AND WARRANTS DRAWN THEREON FROM JANUARY 1, 1913, TO DECEMBER 31, 1913.

DR.
To Fees Paid State Treasurer.......................................................... $120,965 91

CR.

By Warrants:

For Salaries ............................................................ $ 22,230 47

For Office and Inspectors' Supplies...................

867 51

For Inspectors' Expenses...................................... 5,255 14

For Purchase of Tax Tags ........................... 3,830 97

For Freight and Drayage......................................

657 70

For Printing and Postage (Bulletins)................. 3,405 54

Net Balance.................................................................. 84,718 58

$120,965 91 $120,965 91

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF FOOD ` INSPECTION FEES DURING THE TERM OF J. J. CONNER FROM JANUARY 1, 1913, TO JUNE 30, 1913.

DR.
Received from Sale of Inspection Stamps

$20,050 08

By Salaries.....................................................................$ 2,499 96

By General Expenses....................................................

19 91

By Inspectors' Expenses (including amounts paid

Fertilizer Inspectors' doing Food Work)........ 1,191 32

By Purchase of Food Stamps.................................... 631 05

By State Treasurer...................................................... 8,000 00

Balance to J. D. Price, Commissioner...................... 7,707 84

$20,050 08 $20,050 08

10

STATEMENT OE EECEIPTS AND DISBUBSEMENTS OE FOOD INSPECTION PEES DURING THE TEEM OF J. D. PRICE FROM' JULY 1, 1913, TO DECEMBER 81, 1913.

DR.
^Received from J. J. Conner, Commissioner.................................. Received from Sale of Inspection Stamps......................................

$ 7,707 84 15,678 14

CR.

By Salaries.................................................................... $ 2,499 96

By General Expenses....................................................

<51 35

By Inspectors' Expenses (including amounts paid

Fertilizer Inspectors' doing Food Work).......... 1,687 05

By State Treasurer...................................................... 19,137 62

$23,385 98 $23,385 98

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF APPROPRI ATIONS FOR CATTLE TICK ERADICATION, SUPPRESSION OF CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF HOG CHOLERA SERUM FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1913.

CATTLE TICK ERADICATION.

DR.

Jan. 1 16
Feb. 28 Apl. 30 Sep. 25 Nov. 28 Dec. 18

Balance brought forward from 1912 Received from State Treasurer. .. . Received from State Treasurer.... Received from State Treasurer.... Received from State Treasurer.... Received from State Treasurer.... Received from State Treasurer....

CO

1.,373 86 1.,033 00 '3.,000 00 3,,000 00
,000 00 2.,000 00 1.,500 00

By Salaries, Inspectors and Clerk.............................. 15,744 86

By Expenses ................................................................ 1,408 64

Balance on hand December 31, 1913........................

754 36

$17,906 86 $17,906 86

11

SUPPRESSION OP CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.

DE.

Jan. 1 Feb. 28 Aprl. 30 June 16

Balance brought forward from 1912............................ Receivedfrom State Treasurer..................................... Receivedfrom State Treasurer..................................... Receivedfrom State Treasurer.....................................

$ 773 fO 2,000 00 1,000 00 2,000 00

CE.
By Salaries of Assistants'.............................................. $1,873 32 By Expenses of Assistants and Office........................ 1,807 69 Balance on hand December 31, 1913.......................... 2,092 89

$5,773 90 $5,773 90

DISTRIBUTION OF HOG CHOLERA SERUM.

DE.

Jan. 1 Jan. 16 May 22 June 16

Balance brought forward from 1912............................ Receivedfrom State Treasurer..................................... Receivedfrom State Treasurer..................................... Receivedfrom State Treasurer.....................................

$ 335 29 1,000 00 1,000 90 1,000 00

CR.
By Salaries of Assistants.............................................. $1,439 16 By Expenses of Assistants and Office........................ 1,020 95 Balance on hand December 31, 1913............................ 875 18

$3,335 29 $3,335 29

/
12

REPORT OF STATE CHEMIST.
Hon. J. D. Pbice, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Georgia.
Dear Sir: Reviewing the work of the past year, I beg to make the following report.
Fertilizers.
Four thousand, seven hundred and thirty-eight sam ples of fertilizers were analyzed, of which 1,637 were "specials." The "special" samples are those taken from the farmers and the results sent direct to the far mer, so you may see that some 1,637 farmers were di rectly benefited, in securing the analysis of these sam ples before the issuing of the bulletin. This work takes precedence over the regular routine analysis and I be lieve is doing a good work in assuring the farmer that his fertilizer meets the guarantee and is composed of the ingredients of which it is claimed.
During the past year I made every effort to see that there were no deleterious or injurious materials used, in the manufacture of fertilizers and you will recall that I reported to you that one manufacturer was using a material that scientific authorities condemned as injuri ous, and I desire to compliment you in the manner in which you handled that matter in seeing that the farmers were reimbursed who had used these goods. This brand of goods was "starred" in the bulletin.
In addition to this work, we have determined the availability of the nitrogen in several hundred samples, more than ever before, and I am able to report that the
13

average availability of these samples were high--more than the requirements. For fall details of the fertilizer work, I refer you to bulletin No. 58. This bulletin con tains the analysis of the different brands, together with the laws, rules and regulations, and other information of benefit to both manufacturer and consumer.
A number of laws have been passed in the last few years relative to the sale of fertilizers and this has put additional work on our department and we find it diffiscult with the present force to carry out every require ment. I refer here more particularly to the law requir ing the ingredients to be placed on the tag or bag and the enactment of what is known as the "filler bill." It will be necessary to have more funds and more assistants to carry out this work.
Feeding Stuefs.
Some four or five hundred concentrated commercial feeding stuffs were analyzed during the past year and these results, together with the rules and regulations, definitions, and other information was printed in bulletin No. 60, which will be issued in a week or so. It will be seen by referring to this bulletin that the feed manufac turers are trying to meet the requirements of the feeding stuff law.
There are a large increasing number of so-called "molasses feeds," many of which are excellent feeds. A number, however, contain oat clippings and hulls and it is very difficult, when molasses is added, to detect these inferior materials and the amount used, as we find on ex amination that they contain immature oats, but there is a ruling requiring the ingredients of a feed to be placed on the tag or bag, so there is no reason, if the consumer will read the label, that he should not be fully protected.
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Foods and Drugs.
During the past year, some 1,060 samples of foods and 411 samples of drugs were analyzed. Many eases of adulteration and misbranding have been reported to you for what action you deemed wise. A good many reports were sent out from this office to the producer and man ufacturer when it was thought that if their attention was called to such discrepancies in their products that they would take steps to remedy this condition of affairs.
Since June 1st, the new laboratories, food and drug and bacteriological laboratories, and the addition to the fertilizer laboratory were completed and this has enabled us to do more work and accomplish greater results than we have heretofore been able to do. Since June 1st, we have analyzed several hundred samples of milk and I believe that conditions have improved far beyond what we thought we could accomplish in such a short while. Dairies, milk depots, and every one who handled milk has made an effort to improve the conditions and we believe that the people of Georgia are now securing better dairy products than ever before. A great deal of time has been given to showing and telling dairymen and others how to improve conditions.
During the next year, we intend to push this work into every town and city of this State.
Some 411 samples of drugs were analyzed and these have been reported to manufacturers and dealers and I have noted that these products have steadily improved in quality since the enforcement of the Food and Drugs Act.
We have done some work in the enforcement of the nar cotic law and have found in a number of instances that this law was being violated. For full details of the work done under the food and drug law, I refer you to bulletin
is

No. 61, which, is now in press and will be ready for dis tribution within the next few days.
The clerical work is becoming all the time greater. More inquiries were received and answered during the previous year than ever before. The work necessary for the preparation of bulletins is increasing.
The Legislature at its last session continued the ap propriation of $7,500 which has made possible the work that we have been doing. However, this will have to be continued if we accomplish the work that we did last year.
I am now experimenting with the growing of cultures for the leguminous crops. We have the laboratory and with a little additional expense we could manufacture these cultures at absolute cost to the farmers of this State.
I recommend that you bring to the attention of the Legislature at their next session the need of a larger appropriation for this department, and also the neces sity, if possible, of the passage of the sanitary law which would be of untold value to the people of this State. It could, without additional expense, be enforced in con junction with the Pood and Drugs Act. This law I con sider the most important of any legislation that the mem bers of the Legislature could pass and it is necessary to the proper enforcement of the laws already existing rel ative to foods and drugs.
I have expended the sum appropriated for the main tenance of the laboratory.
I desire to commend the earnest efforts of my assist ants, whose loyal support in the work has been given at all times.
Respectfully submitted, R. E. Stallings, State Chemist.
16

REPORT OF STATE FOOD INSPECTOR.
December 31st, 1913.
Hon. J. D. Pbice, Commissioner of Agriculture, State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia.
Dear Sir: I submit herewith my report on inspection of food and feeds for the year ending today:
During this year I have visited the food manufactur ing plants, storages and distributing places in all the principal cities of the State, and many of the towns and villages; have inspected 576 dairies and 37 slaughter places; have made 2,279 inspections and taken 1,171 sam ples.
Your attention is called to reports of the State Chem ists on results of analyses of these samples; from these inspections, some 350 have been brought to your notice for hearing and disposition as violations. From inspec tion of the above number of dairies selling milk in the State, but few of them measure up to a reasonable stand ard--the greater percentage being crude in construction and equipment and the methods used by them are not in keeping with what a dairy should be.
From the above number of slaughter places inspected, but eight of them are in keeping with what a place of this kind should be; the principal reasons for condemn ing them were on account of the fearful conditions in which they are kept, the lack of sufficient water for clean ing, poor drainage, the contamination of the surroundings caused by the failure of disposition of the offal, the use of hogs as scavengers, the lack of screens, the dirty floors, walls and ceilings. In this connection, but few places
17

in the State where meat is slaughtered are provided with inspection at the time of slaughter, leaving an open way for any diseased animal to be slaughtered and passed on to the consumer.
Six hundred and twelve meat markets have been in spected and less than 50 are in keeping with what a mar ket should be--in that proper care is not in their keeping; they lack screens, ventilation, clean counters, knives, cleavers, scales, blocks; the ice boxes are not well cooled and are allowed to become foul and musty by lack of cleaning and on account of allowing sour meat, etc., to be stored in them. 7,700 pounds of putrid meat were found in the above inspections. These conditions come solely on account of the lack of a sanitary law in the State. Proper care is not given the average grocery store, bake shop, candy making places, restaurant kitch ens and food distributing places generally, and for the same reason--the lack of a sanitary law.
With the co-operation of the Government and the in creasing familiarity of the manufacturers and dealers generally with the requirements of the Pure Food Law, the misbranding and adulteration of food is rare and the matter of pure food supply has almost narrowed down to a sanitary regulation; practically every State in the Union has a sanitary law, except Georgia.
The canning industry in the State needs especial men tion; it requires and deserves especial attention; prac tically without aid from this department it has grown from a crude, unimportant existence to an enterprise of magnitude. Every one of these establishments in the State should be under the daily supervision of a compe tent inspector and the product packed should be of a class and character that could be endorsed by this de partment.' There is no good reason why Georgia canned
is

fruits and vegetables should not at least rank with equal favor with those packed in other States and command as good a price.
The syrup industry of Georgia is one of which we should all be proud; the quality of "Georgia Cane" is fast becoming known throughout the country and we have quite a number of plants in the State that are manufac turing this product and labeling it within the require ments of the Pure Food Law, whose trade is constantly increasing; the farmer is also beginning to realize that it is profitable to enter more extensively into cane grow ing since there is a good demand for his syrup at a fair profit.
The edible fat and oil manufacturers are putting out a high grade food and their manner of handling it is wor thy of endorsement.
The soft drink business of Georgia is something enor mous and requires much attention; during the summer months the entire time of one inspector could be profit ably consumed in this work alone; but few of the plants are properly equipped with proper sterilizing apparatus, thus subjecting their products to contamination from bottles collected from the streets, junk dealers and from stands where they have been poorly stored. Children being the chief consumers of these bottled drinks are being subjected to much danger by the careless manner in which these drinks are bottled.
During the summer months practically every cafe, soda fount, hotel, "hokey-pokey" cart, as well as ice cream plants, make ice cream and sell to consumers and very few of them make a product that meets the stand ard required by law. The standard of 14 per cent, butter fat for ice cream is, in my opinion, too high; but the larger percentage of it made in this State contains less
19

than half this per cent, of butter fat, besides often being made from milk that is unfit for food on account of its high bacterial count.
Quite a number of inspections have been made of water supplies, particularly where it was used in bottling, dairy use, ice manufacturing, etc., and in most instances has been found free from contamination.
Numerous bakeries have been inspected and the ex ception is rare when one was found that was in keeping with the business it was doing; sufficient screens are lack ing, and the methods employed in the handling of the various ingredients, as well as the finished product, is not in keeping with what a sanitary regulation would permit.
The addition of the bacteriological laboratory is the greatest stride made in our food work. With this labora tory we will, in future, be able to go into food inspection which we have heretofore had to pass.
The new law requiring the weight, measure or count, going into effect on September 1st, 1914, is another step forward in our work; with this law strictly complied with, the consumer will more nearly know what his money is buying, and the legitimate dealer will be relieved of the unfair competition heretofore acting as a handicap.
There are registered with this department nearly 1,000 brands of feeding-stuffs, manufactured by nearly 300 concerns; however, we have not been able to find all of these brands of feed sold in the State.
We have taken samples from 867 different lots and the Chemist's report on results of analyses of these brands show but few below the standard required by us. When a buyer of feeds fully appreciates the advantage of the information on the analysis tags attached to each bag, which shows not only the analysis of the feed, but the ingredients used in its manufacture, he will be
20

better able to judge for himself just what he is getting for his money, and how nearly it meets- the requirements of the animal he is feeding.
It has been necessary to condemn many lots of feed found in the State during the past few months.; not alto gether on account of its quality, but on account of not being registered, branded, tagged or stamped as required by our feeding-stuff law, and in some instances, being short weight. The rescinding of Euling Nine, relative to the tagging and stamping of feeds sold in this State, has materially checked the distribution of feeds without the payment of the required tax. I am of the opinion that within a short time practically all dealers in feedstuffs, as well as the manipulators and manufacturers, will thoroughly appreciate the leniency shown by this department in this connection, and permission may again be granted to handle their products as Euling Nine per mitted, without any abuse thereof.
Inspection shows that molasses feeds are constantly increasing in demand in the State, and the closest atten tion should be paid by the buyer to the information given on the analysis tags; where a tag shows the use of "oat feed," "oat clippings," or "by-products of oats, ' ' it would be well for it to be shunned, even though the analysis runs high, (on account of the cotton seed meal usually used in its composition). It is true that these by-products carry some feeding value, but not an amount equal to the price the feed buyer is asked to pay. Since it has not yet been shown that these products are deleterious to stock, we are not able to condemn its sale; yet it is an extremely low grade feed, and, if sold at all, should be sold at its value.
"We are experiencing very little trouble with whole grain feed this season; corn being shipped here is of
21

better quality than for several years past, and but little of it is being bought, as yet; the contemplated action of the Government in adopting grades of corn will, if adopted, be of untold benefit to the people of Georgia in the future in the way of protection against inferior grain being shipped from one State to another.
The quality of feed oats, during this season, has been excellent; so far, we have found but little elevator mix ing, such as barley, screenings, weather or soil stained, bin burnt and foreign seeds. While there is considerable bleaching of oats, the sacks, in most instances, carry this information.
The quality of hay being shipped into the State is rarely of the best grades, but it is sound and is not injur ious as a feed.
As a whole, I believe that Georgia is receiving as good a grade of feeding-stuff as is any State that buys shipped feed.
The matter of food inspection, generally, in Georgia, appeals to every citizen within its borders; there is not a reasonable person within the State to whom it does not appeal as being worth while; they realize that health is the most essential requisite in well doing. Yet, but few cities or towns in the State have adequate ordinances governing food or sanitary regulations, and in instances where the ordinances are sufficient, the appointment of inspectors is governed, more or less, by political pref erence at the expense of efficiency or knowledge of the work to be done.
In view of the fact of the limited 'force employed in food inspection in Georgia, it is impossible to give de tailed inspection in all towns and cities in close enough intervals to make the work efficient, except in a general way, and therefore, makes the inspection under city or
22

dinances more essential. The Legislature of 1911-12 en cumbered the Commissioner of Agriculture with appoint ing six inspectors, part of whose time should be devoted to food inspection, which should have been of great bene fit to this work; but your predecessor made these ap pointments, or five of them, in the northern section of the State, where the combined population of the territory of these five inspectors will not equal that of one county in other sections of the State, thereby making these ap pointments practically worthless to the food work.
Since practically everything done is measured by comparison, I wish to call your attention to the following:
The State of Ohio has one fourth more people than has Georgia, yet has twenty times the food supply pro tection. The State of Pennsylvania, with twice the pop ulation of Georgia, has appropriated in the past two years for food work, $184,500, or nine times the amount used by us in the same work; yet, the records shown by these States, as compared with the work done by our de partment, does not show anything akin to this advantage over us.
Recommendations.
Urge the passage of the Sanitary Law, now pending the last reading in the House, known as Senate Bill No. 112. Without this law, the food work is so handicapped that its usefulness is cut at least in half.
Amend the food law by prohibiting the coloring of distilled vinegar; it is misleading in its purpose and adds nothing but deception.
Prohibit the sale of skimmed milk, except when truly labeled as to its food value.
In part, repeal the guaranty clause of fhe food law, making the seller responsible for the fitnes for food of
23

his products, where it is possible for him to ascertain such.
Require imitation, substitute, compound and blended food labeled when sold from bulk stock.
Add a bottle clause to the food law, making it neces sary that manufacturers of bottled goods show who is responsible for the product after it reaches the hands of the retailers; it is common for anyone to use bottles with other manufacturers' names blown in the bottles, making it impossible to identify the manufacturer.
Amend, by changing the procedure of handling pros ecutions. The present manner requires unnecessary time to get cases into court and too much time in waiting for disposition. In cases of foods subject to deterioation, it is impossible to handle through court when it requires many months before disposition can be made.
Amend the cotton seed meal clause that all meal sold for feed be required to conform to the feeding-stuff law, instead of the fertilizer law.
I wish to thank you for the splendid aid you have given me in my work and acquaint you with the fact that your procedure in food law enforcement is being received with praise throughout the State.
The work being done by Inspector M. H. Field, de serves especial mention, and his aid to me has been freely and pleasantly given.
Respectfully submitted, P. A. Methvih-, State Food Inspector.
24

REPORT OF STATE OIL INSPECTOR.
December 31st, 1913.
Hon. J. D. Price, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Georgia.
Dear Sir: I beg to report that $93,121.12 was paid into the State Treasury during the year, as fees arising from the inspection of illuminating oils and gasoline.
The department still experiences some difficulty in having venders of gasoline to display at the point of de livery, the gravity of the fluid they offer for sale.
We hope to have the co-operation of all dealers in carrying out all the provisions of the law, and as it was enacted for the purpose of giving to the consumers of gasoline some protection against unscrupulous dealers, it would be to their interest were they to co-operate with us in seeing to it that it is enforced.
There have been only a few explosions from the use of illuminating oils this year and upon investigation it was shown that such accidents occurred either from using the fluid for starting fires in stoves or were trace able to the acts of ignorant or careless persons who would mix oil and gasoline for illuminating purposes.
Respectfully submitted, W. C. Bryant, State Oil Inspector.
25

REPORT OF STATE VETERINARIAN.
June 15th, 1914.
Hon. J. D. Price,
Commissioner of Agriculture, State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia.
Dear Sir: Complying with your request for a con densed report of the more essential elements of my an nual report, I beg to respond as follows:
Nothing, in recent years, so stimulated our people to a fixed determination to produce their own meat, hams, bacon and other similar food products than the stag gering skyward tendency of these products. The public now realizes that the principal factor responsible for high prices of the products is a distressing shortage of production.
Wonderful, sweeping, gigantic changes in the agricul tural development of our country withdrew within, com paratively speaking, few years millions of acres of graz ing lands from the ranges and the farms taking the place of these ranges found it difficult to meet in open compe tition the prices of range grown cattle with which the market was temporarily glutted. When prices began to advance, the small producer expected this to be only a temporary improvement which would surely be followed by a ruinous depression about the time he could replen ish his herds.
Inferior cattle, such as our own scrub cattle were still cheap and the market could, and does, from time to time draw on the resources of the Central American na tions, such as Mexico, Ecuador, Columbia and Venezuela, where free range and cheap labor still combine to make
26

the production of scrub cattle profitable to a few large land owners. In the profitable production of this type of cattle we cannot possibly compete with the undevel oped countries; nor should we try to. A poor grade of cattle and poorly developed land invariably point to poor folks whose children have but one real, self-assert ing desire, that is, to get away from the condition which yielded so little return and stimulated so little interest in their surroundings. Whereas, the right kind of cattle, properly cared for, inspire their owners with a laudable ambition to beautify and develop their rural homes; a thrifty animal husbandman always provides a good home for his stock and for his folks. His boys, have but one desire, that is, to raise better cattle, better horses, better hogs and sheep than did his illustrious sire. And, inci dentally, the farm grows more productive from year to year.
But, we cannot produce good cattle under conditions of tick infestation; it never has been done and never will be done.
Tick fever is the result of an inoculation by the cattle tick (Margaropus Annulatus) of a specific micro-organ ism which produces in the susceptible animal a high fever, accompanied by a disintegration of the red blood cells and followed by an enormously heavy death rate. Calves offer a remarkable degree of resistance to this dis ease, but as they grow older, this resistancy diminishes, unless such calves are infested with pathogenic fever ticks, in which event the system acquires a remarkable degree of toleration for the organism. Yet, the com monly accepted idea that the cattle are immune is not cor rect, as many supposedly immune animals annually die, both directly and indirectly of tick fever. Careful in vestigation places the death rate due to tick infestation
27

at between 10 and 15 per cent, per annum. As the av erage value of cattle within the State is about $12.00 per head, and as we have approximately 1,000,000 head of cattle, this one item will amount, conservatively, to one and one-half million dollars annually. In fact, our best cattle are more susceptible than the scrubs, and our losses are therefore in excess of these figures. Enor mous as this loss is it is but a small part of our annual tribute to the cattle tick. The cattle tick is an oblig atory parasite, depending for his development and sup port on the blood of cattle; in a few instances they are found on horses and mules, but never on other animals. Ticks infesting rabbits, dogs, sheep, hogs, birds and gophers are' not cattle ticks, and do not in any way affect the work of tick eradication.
The economic side of tick eradication is of even greater importance than the losses sustained through the dis ease. It is a matter of common knowledge that cattle infested with ticks will grow poor; poor cattle weigh less pounds than the same cattle would weigh when fat; poor cattle sell for less per pound than fat cattle; therefore, the owner of tick infested cattle loses in pounds and in pennies per pound. Depending on the size of the cattle this loss will amount to from $3.00 to $7.00 per head.
Milk cows infested with ticks give less milk. The loss amounts to from one quart to two gallons or more per cow per day, depending on the period of lactation and the normal flow of such cows' milk. A careful esti mate places the average annual shrinkage at about $15.00 per cow.
As previously stated, the calf acquires a greater tol eration to tick infestation; but, a tick infested calf is always stunted, regardless of breeding, and a stunted calf develops into a scrub cow.
28

"When cattle are reduced in flesh hy reason of tick in festation they require feed to gain their former condi tion ; this feed is worth money--much money--while ticks are not worth a nickel a ton.
Southern hides, on account of their fine texture, are eagerly sought by tanners, but when such hides have been infested with ticks each tick bite appears in the tanned hide as an imperfection, and therefore all Southern hides are discriminated against in the market. A reduction of from two to four cents per pound is made on Southern hides. This embargo is levied on all hides from the tick infested or quarantined area, since these imperfections cannot he determined until after the tanning process. This loss will amount to an average of about $1.00 per hide. Many other economic reasons can be enumerated, but these just mentioned--common sense facts, known by all who stop to observe and think--bring our annual sacrifice to the cattle tick in excess of $6,000,000.00.
Less than $500,000.00, intelligently expended, ivill per manently eradicate this pest from our fair State. Our cattle industry cannot be developed or flourish in the presence of the cattle tick. Once the tick is eradicated, we can grow as choice beef cattle as- Missouri or Iowa, and we may soon rival Wisconsin in the production of dairy products.
The work of tick eradication is in active progress in the following counties: Dade, Walker, Catoosa, Chat tooga, Whitfield, Murray, Gilmer, Dawson, Forsyth, Cherokee, Milton, Cobb, Fulton, DeKalb, Rockdale, Wal ton, Jasper, Bibb, Baldwin, Hancock, Greene, Wilkes, Columbia, Richmond Madison and Elbert; each of these counties are actively co-operating with this department. In some instances, the counties furnish material and con struct vats; in others they furnish from one to three in
29

specters, depending on the size of the county, the degree of infestation and the number of cattle to he inspected and disinfected. In addition to the counties in which we are actively engaged along progressive lines we have kept a man for many months in the southwestern coun ties in the State, supervising the construction of dipping vats and demonstrating the commercial value of the dip ping process to the cattle owners.
Many counties have requested aid from this depart ment on tick eradication work, but it is impossible to even keep up the work in all of the counties now engaged in the work unless we can secure an increased appropria tion for this work. An annual appropriation of $50,000 for a period of ten years would enable us to complete the task. It would save a great annual economic waste, as already pointed out; and would add many millions to the State's taxable property in a growing cattle indus try and its collateral branches.
After a most careful consideration of the best means to foster agricultural improvement, and incidentally the most practical way of preparing for the boll-weevil in vasion, the Georgia bankers, in annual convention as sembled, unanimously passed a resolution favoring an annual appropriation of $50,000.00 for the eradication of the cattle tick.
The following counties are now free and released from quarantine, as a result of the campaign of this de partment, in co-operation with the Federal Government and the counties: Fannin, Union, Towns, Eabun, White, Habersham, Stephens, Hart, Franklin, Banks, Hall, Clarke, Oconee, Newton, Morgan and Putnam. Present indications are that we shall be able to release at least eight counties, possibly twelve, at the end of this season. In some of these counties we have had to work three
30

years--in one four--because we did not have sufficient funds to push the work to completion. A fair indica tion of the importance of this work is expressed in a letter to this department from__________ , demonstra tion agent in a south Georgia county:
"I am very much interested in tick eradication and the elimination of hog cholera_____ I shall have to let my demonstration and Boys ' Corn Club work suffer and supervise this work myself, etc. ' '
Now, this agent is merely expressing the voice of the people with whom he comes in daily contact. We should make both of these issues a State-wide movement.
Hog cholera, though not as prevalent as in 1911 or 1912, still levies an enormous toll on our resources. Our losses cannot be stated in actual proved figures, but I am sure that one million dollars is not extravagant. We cannot, with certainty, point to a method, that will eradi cate the disease, as we can in tick fever; but, we can con trol it by the intelligent use of serum and a more perfect organization of live stock sanitary control. A law should be enacted compelling the destruction of carcasses with in the diseased stricken area. The present appropria tion for the suppression of hog cholera should be in creased to $10,000.00 in order to enable this department to promptly respond to the demand of the people of the affected districts.
The simultaneous method, in the hands of the laity has not proven successful. It is commonly charged that many new centers of infection have followed the use of virulent blood by inexperienced persons; therefore, we do not advise the simultaneous method, nor do we permit the sale or free distribution of virulent blood in this State.
Precautionary sanitary measures are almost exclu sively used in the control of cholera in Canada; and Can-
31

ada has less cholera than any of onr hog producing States. But, it takes men and money to make sanitary measures effective. Not infrequently farmers complain of the price of the serum, which is one and one-half cents per c. c., as fixed by the College of Agriculture, where it is made. Inquiry addressed to other States show that they sell serum at from one to one and one-half cents per c. c.
During the past year we have made from one to many special trips into every county in which hog cholera has been reported, and have given more than 400 public dem onstrations in the use of the serum, at the same time stressing the importance of greater sanitary precautions to prevent the spread of the disease.
I have made an effort to secure one of the Federal Hog Cholera Experiment Demonstration Stations, which are to be located in 15 States, and for which Congress provided a Federal appropriation of $500,000.00 an nually. These stations, in co-operation with the State, will endeavor to work out some plan for eradicating hog cholera permanently. Until this plan is fully worked out, our only salvation lies in State-wide sanitary con trol, supplemented by the judicious use of hog cholera serum.
Our work in the control of tuberculosis has progressed satisfactorily. We have found less than 8 per cent, of tubercular cattle in the dairy herds and less than one-half of one per cent, in range cattle. In many instances we have been able to trace the origin of certain centers of infection to cattle imported from the East and middle Western States. Every effort is made to prevent the in troduction of this plague from other badly infected States.
The work of Dr. Hutchens in co-operation with Mr.

Methvin, Pure Food Inspector, has established the ur

gent necessity of competent inspection of slaughter

houses and meat markets. Nothing will undermine a

nation more swiftly than a contaminated food supply.

Our services in this direction met a hearty and respon

sive approval from the people.

I believe this branch of our service should be extended

as far as can be done.

Yours very truly,

F. Petee

Bahnsex,

State Yeterinarian.

REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST.
Hon. J. D. Price, Chairman, State Board of Entomology, Atlanta, Georgia.
Honored Sir: As State Entomologist, and Secretary of State Board of Entomology, I wish to submit report of work for 1913.
The office force has continued without change except that work has been much heavier than in past years and it has been necessary from time to time to employ addi tional clerical help in office.
Mr. A. C. Lewis, Assistant State Entomologist, has devoted all of his time to work on diseases of cotton, in cluding cotton wilt or "black root," and cotton anthracnose. Mr. W. Y. Beed, Assistant Entomologist, has con fined his work to investigation of diseases attacking truck crops and has devoted particular attention to melon worms attacking cantaloupes and cucumbers. Mr. W. W. Chase, Assistant Entomologist, has continued his inves tigation of insects attacking orchard fruits with full op erations in orchard of Mr. G. M. Boyd, at Adairsville. Mr. C. S. Spooner has continued investigation of insects and diseases attacking pecans and has been located at DeWitt in grove of Hon. G. M. Bacon. Dr. J. C. Bradley, who is assistant Professor of Entomology at Cornell University, has continued his work on determination of insects contained in the collection of the department, and has worked without compensation.
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Ntjrseky Inspection.
The following is a list of trees and plants inspected in Georgia nurseries in 1913:
Peach......................................................................................................... 1,038,530 Apple......................................................................................................... 1,194,242 Pecan......................................................................................................... 490,400 Pear ........................................................................................................... 83,350 Carolina poplars ..................................................................................... 26,800 Cherry ....................................................................................................... 21,600 Plums......................................................................................................... 62,300 Grapes ....................................................................................................... 91,000 Strawberries(estimated) ...................................................................... 960,000 Miscellaneous, including ornamental trees and shrubs, black
berries, raspberries, conifers, Japanese walnuts, black walnuts,privet, roses, azaleas and catalpa............................ 1,295,400
Total .......................................................................................................... 5,263,622
It is encouraging to note that there is an increase of upwards of one million plants in Georgia nurseries this season. This is indicative of fact that Georgia nursery men are beginning to realize that it is wiser to plant and grow trees at home rather than to purchase from outside nurseries over which we have no direct supervision.
I wish to report that the laws regulating the inspec tion and shipment of nursery stock within and without the State have been rigidly enforced.
The Georgia nurserymen purchase quantities of stock from foreign countries. These shipments originate in countries infested with brown-tail moth and gypsy moth and other seriously injurious insects and diseases that do not occur in Georgia. This necessitates special inspection by the Board of every shipment in order to in sure us against the outbreak of these pests. When we consider that brown-tail and gypsy moths have cost the New England States hundreds of millions of dollars, it is impossible to estimate what the State has saved by these special inspections. We have inspected ninety-three nur
35

series in Georgia and issued one hundred and sixteen cer tificates to ont-of-State nurserymen. This shows twen ty-two Georgia nurseries additional since last season and twelve additional outside nurseries shipping herein, dem onstrating further the fact that more planting is being done. With few exceptions we have had but little diffi culty in getting active co-operation in enforcement of the law. We have continued to comply with requests for special inspections of orchards and growing crops. Many trips are made to orchards, both large and small, in order to diagnose the troubles and give instructions for apply ing spray materials.
Publications.
During 1913 the following publications were issued and news-letters published: Bulletin No. 38--"Principal Insects and Diseases of the
Apple in Georgia," May, 1913. Circular No. 13--"Quarantine Regulations on Shipment
into Georgia of Articles from Territory Infested with Mexican Cotton Boll Weevil," October, 1913. News-letters: "Selecting Seed for the New Crop," Sept. 29. "Spraying time is Near at Hand," Oct. 6. "How to Get Rid of the Corn-Weevil," Oct. 20. "Forty Insects Attack the Pecan," Nov. 3. "A Serious Foe is the Mole Cricket," Nov. 17. "Plant Quarantine Saves Millions," Dec. 1. The news-letters listed above appeared in upwards of two hundred newspapers throughout the State.
Educational Woek.
Dliring the year we were called upon to deliver lec tures at agricultural meetings, in various parts of the
36

State, on insects and diseases attacking different crops, and we have complied with these requests whenever it was possible for any member of the staff to attend. On each occasion we have discussed the problems peculiar to the different sections of the State and explained how we could he of service.
Special meetings were held in a number of south Geor gia counties to explain in detail the Mexican cotton boll weevil and control of wilt, or "black root."
Co-opebative Woek.
An effort has been made to co-operate with all the agencies in the State working along agricultural lines. The co-operative work with the U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry has continued with splendid results. As stated in former report, greater service is rendered to thosfe we are striving to*serve if they work in active co-opera tion. In shipments of foreign nursery stock, we have had co-operation of the Federal Horticultural Board.
In sending out cotton seed and cowpeas over the State, the Southern Express Company very kindly granted a special rate of one cent per pound, regardless of distance.
Expebiments.
Damage to agricultural and horticultural crops of State by insects and diseases, was hardly as great in proportion to size of crops as in 1912, but was easily $28,000,000 to $30,000,000. Much of this damage was preventable if proper methods of control had been adopt ed in time, but a great deal of damage is wrought an nually by insects and pests difficult to control and on which an additional amount of research work is neces sary. On some crops, entirely new pests have developed.
37

It can readily be seen why it is necessary for ns to con duct experiments, investigate life history and habits of different pests, and test various methods of control.
Research "Work.
Insects and Diseases Attaching the Pecan.
Pecan Scale.--Extensive spraying experiments were conducted looking to the control of this disease. Appli cations of Bordeaux mixture were made at intervals of three or four weeks throughout the season. The disease was controlled to some extent, but the control was not satisfactory.
Further experiments are planned for the coming year. Sprayings will be made at intervals of ten days to two weeks. Stronger mixtures will also be used.
Pecan Shuck Worm.--Life history work was conducted on this insect. The life history was well worked out with the exception of a few points, which we hope to obtain the coming year.
Gathering and destroying the branches in the fall or winter was found to be the most effective method of con trol. Deep fall plowing killed a large number of the in sects.
Various sprays will be tried against this insect during the coming year.
Pecan Case-bearer.--Excellent control of this pest was effected by a spray of arsenate of lead, one-half pound (powdered) to fifty gallons of water, applied Sep tember 1st.
The coming year additional life history work will be conducted.
Pecan Bud-Worm.--This insect proved rather baffling. The life'history was not obtained in sufficient detail.
38

Sprays were applied at various times, some of these ap parently somewhat effective.
A large amount of work should be done on this pest during the coming year.
Pecan Twig Girdler.--Life history work was started on this insect and will be finished during the coming year. Experiments for control have also been outlined.
Pecan Borers.--Experiments for the control of this insect were started but were unfortunately tampered with and results, therefore, ruined. Work should be con tinued the ensuing year.
Pecan Leaf Miners.--Several species of leaf miners have been found on pecans and life history work was started. While these insects are of small economic im portance at present, they may later become ruinous. The life history should, therefore, he continued.
Insects and Diseases Attaching Peaches and Apples.
A continuation of the experiments for the control of injurious insects and fungus diseases of the peach and apple was conducted at Adairsville. Portions of the peach orchard, embracing three varieties, and the entire apple orchard of several hundred trees, belonging to (1. M. Boyd, were allotted by the owner to the experiments, and these were treated, according to a spraying schedule previously arranged, at the expense of the department.
The sprayings were directed against curculio of the peach, brown rot and peach scab, and, in the apple or chard, against curculio, codling moth, apple scab, leaf spot, cedar rust and bitter rot.
An innovation in the application of control measures1 for peach pests was used in the form of a dry, mechanical mixture of finely ground flowers of sulphur and arsenate of lead. This powder was applied as a dust to the foliage
39

and fruit by means of a gasoline-propelled dust-gun. Checks against this material were made of the standard liquid solutions used in summer spraying, and unsprayed plats were left as checks against both forms of material.
Unfortunately, a severe hail destroyed a large part of the peach crop before maturity, and so injured the re mainder that it was not possible to obtain very definite or conclusive results. The showing made by the dust compared favorably with the liquid sprays, and was indi cative of considerable efficiency.
The treatment of the apple orchard was entirely with liquid sprays as follows: Bordeaux mixture, lime and sulphur, and Atomic sulphur, all in combination with ar senate of lead.
Additional work i,s necessary along the same lines, especially with the dust compounds, for the determina tion of the relative cost and value of the two lines of treatment. The data obtained with the dust in the sea son of 1913, while seeming to show efficiency, is too mea ger and inconclusive to warrant endorsement. Further trials of the material, under proper conditions for a test, especially with reference to brown rot, will be required for the fixing of its place as an agency in insect and fun gus control.
The work with apples, also, requires continuation in order to .determine, among other things, the susceptibil ity of varieties to diseases of both tree and fruit.
Insects Attaching Truck Crops.
Experiments for the control of truck crop pests were begun during 1913. Against those pests for which sat isfactory remedies are already known, the experiments will be demonstrative and co-operative.
A bulletin treating of truck crop pests in general is
40

"being compiled and we hope to have it ready for distri bution at an early date. When the economic conditions warrant the study in detail of certain pests, this will he undertaken with the view of securing new or better meth ods of control.
The past season spraying and dusting experiments with arsenicals were tested, with negative results, against the pickle worm and melon borer. Unfortunately, in the fields selected for the work not enough worms were pres ent to secure satisfactory results from the experiments. The experiments will be conducted again.
Dusting with powdered arsenate of lead for the to mato horn worm, on a large scale, proved very econom ical and satisfactory and is preferable to spraying.
Spraying plants for aphids with Black-Leaf-40, one part to four or five hundred parts of water has proven an excellent remedy for these troublesome insects.
Life history work and observation on the sand-flies will be continued. The notes on one of the most abun dant species are practically complete.
Cotton Wilt or "Black Root."
Perhaps our work on this disease is the most import ant because its object is the conservation of Georgia's greatest crop. Although occurring in eighty-one counties, this disease is ' confined principally to south Georgia. This work has been conducted as in 1912, except on a larger scale, in order to serve a greater number of people. It consists of breeding work, variety tests, visits to cot ton growers to explain to them the value of selecting cotdon seed in the growing of cotton in spite of insects and disease; show them what kind of stalks ought to be prop agated, etc., also distribution of cotton seed resistant to wilt and of cowpeas resistant to nematode and cowpea wilt.
41

In the breeding plats, some of the new types displayed great resistance and a tendency to mature early. In the increase plats, a yield of little more than one hale per acre was obtained, with 500 pounds of fertilizer. Of the many hybrids produced in recent years there are two which are very promising. Both are very resistant to wilt ; one is early maturing and prolific, the other a med ium, long staple variety, is prolific and during the sea son brought 17 cents to seventeen and one-half cents per pound. Some of this seed was planted near Vicksburg,, Miss., where boll weevil is known to be very serious and this cotton in the hands of a first class farmer, produced about one bale per acre and was worth seventeen and onehalf cents per pound.
The work has demonstrated the necessity of control ling root-knot or nematode in cotton. In sections where wilt occurs, it is unsafe for farmers to permit ordinary cowpeas to be grown on their lands because they enable these parasites to multiply to such an extent that it is ex ceedingly difficult to grow cotton on such lands the follow ing year. The Brabham and Iron varieties are resistant to nematode as well as cowpea wilt.
If we continue to grow cotton successfully in spite of diseases and insects, and cope with the outside world, we' must grow more cotton per acre, thus reducing cost, and we must produce a better staple. In addition to making it possible to grow cotton in spite of wilt, and other troub les, we are doing everything in our power to increase the yield per acre, to increase the per cent, of lint and to improve, the lint. Not a few of our selections yield forty per cent., and more, of lint. This work is being conducted on a large scale through co-operation of cotton breeding clubs in southern part of State. More than fifty thousand' farmers are now growing improved seed distributed by
42

the department and breeding clubs have been organized in forty-three counties and the members are working in active co-operation with the department to breed cotton that will meet the different conditions of wilt, anthracnose and boll weevil. We have furnished them with the very best seed and during season we have visited the dif ferent communities, held meetings of farmers out in the fields and explained in detail the different points to be taken into consideration in cotton selection, what kind of stalks to save, etc. The best stalks were properly lab eled, picked, sacked and sent to us to be ginned, per cent, of lint to be estimated, etc. Seed was returned and a complete report made on same. Seed will be planted in individual rows and further selections made next fall.
If we can succeed in impressing every cotton grower with the necessity of exercising the proper care in the selection of seed for planting, and to continue selection of seed from best stalks, it will be worth millions to Geor gia when boll weevil arrives and becomes established.
Mexican Cotton Boll Weevil.
According to Dr. W. D. Hunter, U. S. Bureau of En tomology, and Dr. W. E. Hinds, State Entomologist of Alabama, the boll weevil camped for the winter within six miles of Decatur and Early Counties. Had it not been for the early frost, it would have appeared across the river in several Georgia counties. There has been strict enforcement of quarantine regulations concern ing shipment of articles liable to introduce weevil, and transportation companies have given their active co-op eration.
The last session of the General Assembly approved an act to raise quarantine on lint cotton from infested territory in accordance with recommendations from As
43

sociation of Cotton State Entomologists, including gov ernment experts on boll weevil.
In the language of I)r. W. D. Hunter, in charge of Southern Field Crop Investigations, "Georgia is better prepared for coming of the boll weevil than any State that has yet become infested on account of work con ducted by the State Board of Entomology," but in spite of work done by all the different agencies, Georgia is not prepared for the weevil.
It will be three years before the weevil becomes suf ficiently well established to become a serious problem and it is my earnest desire to see farmers in sections in volved take advantage of experience of those in sections now infested. If he will pursue the right methods he can produce just as much cotton as he does at the pres ent time without an increase of acreage. If the average farmer pursues present methods, the same acreage will produce about half of what it does at present time.
Respectfully, E. Lee Worsham, State Entomologist.
January 31st, 1914.
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REPORT OF DRUG INSPECTOR.

Atlanta, Ga., December 31,1913.
Hoist. J. D. Price, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Georgia.

Dear Sir: I herewith submit my report as State Drug Inspector for the year 1913--from January 1st to De cember 31st. While I have not covered the entire State during the year, I have covered the greatest portion of it, the portion not visited being the southern and south western sections.

Number of stores of retail druggists visited, license

and poison registers inspected______________640

Number of drug stores found without license men. in

charge____________

117

Number of drug stores exempt under the License

Law of the State ___________

111

Number of retail druggists found without Poison

Registers______________ :________________ 122

Number found who were not required to keep Poison

Registers________________________________ 117

Number of retail druggists reported to you for viola

tions of our various drug laws______________ 23

Number of retail druggists and physicians against

whom indictments have been found for selling

cocaine and other narcotic drugs___________ 4

Number of retail druggists against whom cases have

been made and are awaiting a hearing________ 1

Number of retail druggists who were reported to you

for violations, but who are complying with the

law____________________________________ 18

45

Number of wholesale drug stores visited___ ______ 10

Number of wholesale druggists who were violating the Pure Pood and Drugs Law______________ 2

Number of general dealers visited and stocks in

spected __________________________________886

Number of general dealers found who were viola

ting the Pure Food and Drugs Law in the sale of

"Old Patents," etc.__________

85

Number of general dealers found who were violating

the Poison Law by selling rat poisons, bedbug

poisons (containing corrosive sublimate), paris

green, Stonecypher's Bug-Death (containing ar senate of lead, arsenate of copper, and oxide of

zinc), carbolic acidand powdered nux vomica___ 53 Number of general dealers found violating the Nar

cotic Law in the sale of veterinary colic remedies that contained more opium than is allowed by

Law___________________________________ 15

Number of general dealers found violating the Li

cense Law of the State by retailing from original

packages such drugs as calomel and soda tablets,

headache tablets, aspirin tablets, C. C. pills, War burg's pills, quinine pills, etc______________ 65

Number of retail grocers visited and stocks inspected 140 Number of retail grocers found violating the Poison

Law___________________________________ 00

Number of retail grocers found violating the Pure Food and Drugs Law____ :_______;_________ 00

Number of retail grocers found violating the License

Daw by retailing calomel and soda tablets, head

ache tablets, C. C. pills, Warburg's pills, qui

nine and other pills______________________ 4

Number of wholesale grocers visited and stores in

spected ---------------------

78

46

Number of wholesale grocers found violating the

Pure Food and Drugs Law_________________ 7

Number of wholesale grocers found selling rat poi

son, bedbug poisons, etc___________________ 3

Number of wholesale grocers found selling narcotic

drugs________

1

Number of physicians visited and stocks inspected_25

Number of physicians found violating the Pure Food

and Drugs Law in selling old patents and some

few drugs that were not of standard strength__ 5

Number of samples taken, labeled and turned over to

the State Chemist for analysis_______________ 400

Each person who was found violating the various laws is either now complying with the law, has been pros ecuted or prosecutions are now pending against them.
Drug conditions throughout the State might be summed up about as follows, viz.: As regards the qual ity of drugs sold and qualifications of those engaged in their sale, GOOD. As regards the sale of narcotic drugs, BAD--and this condition as it relates to the latter will continue until our people become educated up to a higher standard of the proper observance of the Narcotic Law by placing the unqualified and unmistakable seal of their disapproval of its violation by social ostracism on those who violate it. Some new legislation is needed as regards drug conditions. The Poison Law should be amended so as to allow insecticides, fungicides and sim ilar preparations to be sold by unlicensed druggists and general dealers. In fact, we have no law, except our Poison Law, governing these preparations. Our License Law should be made more stringent by making fewer ex emptions and stating more definitely those druggists who should be licensed.

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In conclusion, allow me to thank you for the cordial co-operation and ready assistance that you have always given me as an official, and to assure you I appreciate it most highly; that I shall at all times do my duty faith fully, fearlessly and impartially. At the same time I shall, hy pursuing a conservative policy toward thosewhom I seek to control, endeavor to persuade them to obey the laws more from a sense of loyalty that they, as good citizens, owe their State and community rather than from a fear of punishment for their violation. With best wishes for a prosperous New Year and an administra tion rich in good results for the people of our grand old State, believe me,
Very respectfully yours, T. A. Cheatham, State Drug Inspector,
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