Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Georgia, year ending December 31, 1909

REPORT
OF THE
Commissioner of Agriculture
OF THE
State of Georgia
FOR THE
Year ending December 81, 1909
T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner R. F. WRIGHT, Assistant Atlanta, Ga.
Chas. P. Byrd, State Printer, 1910.

REPORT
OF THE
Commissioner of Agriculture
OF THE
State of Georgia
FOR THE
Year ending December 31, 1909
T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner R. F. WRIGHT, Assistant Atlanta, Ga.
Chas. P. Byrd, State Printer, 1910.

REPORT
To His Excellency, Joseph M. Shown, Governor of Georgia:
In compliance with the law, I beg leave to submit the following report of the transactions of the Department of Agriculture from January 1,1909, to January 1, 1910:
Clerical Force.
The clerical force consists of the following named persons: R. F. Wright, Assistant Commissioner and General Correspondent; J. F. Johnson, Commissioner's Clerk; J. T. Derry, Shipping and Mailing Clerk; E. F. Williams, Stenographer; P. A. Methvin, Food Inspector.
Under the provisions of an Act approved December 20, 1899, which provides for the establishment of quaran tine lines for the protection of cattle in those sections not affected or partially affected with contagious dis eases, this Department is still co-operating with the United States with a view to the suppression of con tagious diseases caused by the cattle tick.
Under the provisions of the Act just referred to, the sum of $500.00 was set aside from the fees arising from the inspection of fertilizers for the payment of cattle inspectors. The Commissioner, therefore, has appointed and commissioned four cattle inspectors annually to do this work.
In connection with this work we issued a number of bulletins, outlining the laws governing the quarantine regulations of this State as a guide not only for the in spectors, but also for the people generally. The work
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of these inspectors has been as faithfully and effectively performed as could be expected under the circumstances.
In co-operation with the National Government we succeeded in placing three more counties above the quar antine line, and partly eradicated the tick in four others during the year 1909.
Under the provisions of the law enacted by the Legis lature of 1905, we have continued to employ veterinary surgeons in response to calls from almost every section of our State, our expenses for this item being $1,667.25 for the year ending December 31, 1909.
For the year 1909 the Legislature made an annual appropriation of $5,000 for tick eradication work. So soon as the money became available, we began additional work in Putnam, Greene and Hart, which has up to this time progressed very satisfactorily. The National Gov ernment has given us very little financial aid during the past year.
STATEMENT OF TICK EBADICATION FUND FBOM OCT. 12, 1909, TO JAN. 1, 1910.
Db.
Oct. 12--To amount received from Treasurer__ $1,000.00 Nov. 4--To amount received from Treasurer__ 1,000.00
$2,000.00
Cb.
By salary Cattle Inspectors_______ $1,300.00 By expense account_____________ 689.90 By balance on hand_____________ 10.10
$2,000.00 $2,000.00
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Publications.
We have issued and distributed about 25,000 copies of the Commercial Fertilizer Bulletin, No. 49, of the sea son of 1908-1909. This Bulletin was in the main pre pared by our efficient State Chemist, R. E. Stallings. Within its pages are found the tables of analyses of com mercial fertilizers sold in the State of Georgia during the season of 1908-1909. There are also found in this Bulletin letters on agricultural chemistry, fertilizer formulas for all kinds of crops, feeding formulas, and tables of analyses of commercial fertilizers, etc.
We also published Bulletin No. 50 on Contagious and Infectious Diseases of Animals. We have also published Bulletin No. 46 (B) on Georgia Statistics and distributed most of them.
We call especial attention to the report of State En tomologist, Prof. E. L. Worsham; also to those of Dr. B. E. Stallings, State Chemist, W. H. Taylor, State Oil Inspector, A. T. Dallis, State Superintendent of Fisher ies, P. A. Methvin, State Food Inspector, and T. A. Cheat ham, State Drug Inspector.
I would call attention to the need of amendments for the increased efficiency of the Drugs and Food Act, and to additional legislation suggested for perfecting the law on pure foods.
In this connection permit me to say that the attention of the Department of Agriculture has been called dur ing the past few months to instances where imperfect or mixed seed have been sold to farmers, in consequence of which many who had sown oats found in their fields small patches of that grain, but large areas in which their oats were choked out by a luxurious growth of cheat, chess or similar foreign grasses and other portions of their land, where nothing but those grasses appeared. I would therefore recommend a law protecting the purchaser against imperfect and impure or mixed seeds.
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Upon successful agriculture is based the prosperity of every business in Georgia and fully realizing this fact, I wish to guard in every possible way the interests of the farmers of our State.
You will note from the State Chemist's Report more than 18,000 analytic determinations, which shows a very large increase in the work of our chemical laboratory, due to the enforcement of the Pure Food and Drug laws passed last year. Besides the Fertilizer work grows yearly.
Now to carry out this work more efficiently, I recom mend a more liberal appropriation for the Chemical De partment.
Thanking you for your uniform courtesy and willing co-operation at all times with the Department of Agri culture, I am,
Respectfully yours, T. G. Hudson,
Commissioner of Agriculture.
STATEMENT OF FERTILIZER FUND FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1909.
Db. Tag Sales_____________________________ $96,837.51 Bulk Sales____________________________ 693.23
Expense Account-------------------- $ 1,198.82 Inspectors' Expense Account____ 4,605.55 Salary Account_______________ 32,828.33 Paid State Treasurer__________ 56,503.52 Tag Account_________________ 2,354.91 Redemption Account__________ 39.61
$97,530.74 $97,530.74
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RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF PURE FOOD FUNDS FOR YEAR ENDING DEC. 31, 1909.

Dr.
Stamp Sales

Cr.

General Expense Account

.__$ 921.80

Salary Account _ _ _

8,068.00

Inspectors' Expense Account . 1,825.00

Paid State Treasurer

_ . 4,399.36

$15,214.16 $15,214.16

REPORT OF STATE OIL INSPECTOR.
Atlanta, Ga., January 1, 1910.
Hon. T. G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture,
Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir : There has been paid into the State Treas ury, as fees due the State from the inspection of illumi nating oils for the year ending December 31, 1909, the sum of sixteen thousand, seven hundred and ten and 23/100 (16,710.23) dollars.
There is now in the hands of local oil inspectors the sum of $14.79', which amount will he paid into the State Treasury on or before January 10, 1910, and when paid will be credited to the year 1910.,
Some violations of the oil laws have been reported to me during the current year, but only one car of oil, con taining 10,000 gallons, has been condemned.
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The local oil inspectors in the border counties have been instructed to be vigilant to detect such violations, and to seize all oils being offered for sale without having paid the tax required by law, and to report promptly to this office.
Many complaints as to the illuminating quality of oil sold in the State have been made, but in every aase these complaints have been amicably adjusted by the local oil inspectors, and in most instances were traceable to filthy tanks.
My successor in office, Hon. S. W. Harris, assumed the duties of the office on October 1, 1909, and this report covers the three months of his administration.
Respectfully submitted, W. H. Taylok,
Former State Oil Inspector.
REPORT OF STATE CHEMIST, DECEMBER
31, 1909.
Hon. T. 0. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture,
Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir: Reviewing the work of the Laboratory for the past year, I beg to report that more work was accomplished than ever before in the history of the Lab oratory.
Tags were sold for 884,295 tons of fertilizer during the season, and the number of brands registered was 2,274. For full details covering the analyses of fertil izers, I refer you to Bulletin No. 49.
During the year 1909, the enforcement of the food and drug law has continued. A large number of foods, drugs, and concentrated commercial feeding-stuffs were analyzed.
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In addition to this work, a large number of miscella neous samples were analyzed. For full details regarding the analyses of concentrated commercial feeding-stuffs, I refer you to Bulletin No. 48.
Stamps were sold for 76,070 tons of concentrated commercial feeding-stuffs. The work required to analyze the above-mentioned samples has been enormous, and required more than 22,000 determinations.
Owing to the enforcement of the food and drugs Act in addition to the ever increasing number of fertilizer analyses, the testing of oils and turpentines, the work has taxed the chemical force to its utmost capacity. For the purpose of doing more and better work, it is abso lutely necessary that the force be increased.
At the last session of the Legislature, a sanitary bill was introduced, which, if passed, would be of untold benefit to the people of this State, and it could with little more expense be enforced in conjunction with the food and drugs act. I hope that the next Legislature will see to it that this important legislation is enacted.
I have expended in the maintenance of the Labora tory the whole sum, one thousand dollars, appropriated for that purpose.
I desire to commend the earnest efforts of my assist ants, whose loyal support in the work has been given at all times.
In conclusion, I wish to thank you and Assistant Com missioner Hon. R. F. Wright, Chief Clerk J. F. Johnson, State Food Inspector P. A. Methvin, Drug Inspector T. A. Cheatham, for the hearty co-operation given me at all times in carrying out the duties of my office.
Respectfully submitted,
R. E. Stallings,
State Chemist.

BEPOET OF THE STATE FOOD INSPECTOB, DE
CEMBER 31, 1909.
Hon. T. G. Hudson, Commissioner,
Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sik: I beg to submit herewith my report on inspection of foods and feeding-stuffs for the year end ing December 31st, 1909.
During this time I have covered the State generally-- visiting the distributors, manufacturers, dealers in most of the towns and cities; have taken samples of some 600 feeding-stuffs and about 1,000 food samples--the analy sis and results of which appears in bulletin. During the peach canning season I visited practically every can nery within the State and found the conditions greatly improved over last season--the canners using a better grade fruit and handling it with more sanitary precau tion ; the dairymen of the State appear to be taking more interest in their barns and care of their cattle, and the hygienic conditions surrounding them are considerably improved; bakeries and candy manufacturing concerns in the State are generally in fair condition, with the ex ception of a few, most of them lack screens and fans as well as ventilation; the bottlers of soft drinks are greatly interested in their industry and the greater per cent, of them are very well in line regarding their extracts, color ing matter, etc., and are using care in washing their bot tles, as well as making an effort to properly label their product; creameries and milk depots are handling their milk and butter in a sanitary manner and I believe the people of the State are now getting milk and butter fully up to the requirements of the food law; this is greatly due to the earnest efforts of the producers of these products, together with the rigid in spection regulations of the various cities governing the sale of these products; syrup manufacturers are com
10

plying with the rulings on mixing and labeling their products; purchasers of apple vinegar can now secure such by reading the labels; practically every line of canned goods are being labeled so that buyer can see just what he is buying; preservatives in meats do not longer appear and where cereals are added the package shows the presence of same; we have had to condemn some 30,000 bushels of grain on account of being mixed so as to lower or injuriously effect its quality and the sacks were not branded so as to inform the buyer of the mix ture--the greater part of this grain was shipped into the State and has either been properly branded or shipped out of the State; we have condemned some 2,000 sacks of feed-stuff on account of being damaged and unfit for feed, or in other ways did not comply with the feedingstuff laws; part of this feed-stuff was prohibited from sale in Georgia, where unfit for feed, and the other was allowed to go to sale after being made to meet require ments of the food law.
In a few instances it has been considered necessary to report violations to the prosecuting officer in the counties where such violations have occurred; we have also had to report to the National Government several cases where inter-state violations have occurred in shipping into our State foods that were not up to required standards-- some of these cases have been disposed of while others are still pending, but I find the law is generally being observed and violations less frequent than a year ago. I find practically every dealer in the State heartily in favor of the Pure Food Law, realizing the protection they are receiving under its operation and lending their co-opera tion in its enforcement.
I recommend that you urge the next Legislature to give the Sanitary bill, introduced in the last Session, a thorough consideration and that they pass the same, that we may be able to more thoroughly carry into effect the Pure Food Law as it applies to manufacture and distribu
n

tion of food products; I also wish to call to your attention the amendment to the Food and Drugs Act, introduced in the last Session of the Legislature, relative to the guarantee clause of the Act protecting our home dealers against imposition of inter-state shippers.
I believe the enactment of these bills will meet with the favor of every legitimate dealer and provide protec tion for every human being in Georgia, and keep our State in the fore-front of food protection.
I desire to thank you, as well as your able assistant, Capt. R. F. Wright and State Chemist, Dr. R. E. Stallings, for the many valuable suggestions and kindly aid you have given me in my work of-inspection.
Respectfully submitted, P. A. Methvin,
State Food Inspector.
REPORT OF THE STATE DRUG INSPECTOR, JANUARY, 1, 1910.
Atlanta, Ga., January 1st, 1910.
Mr. T. G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture,
Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir: In compliance with your request to fur nish you with a detailed statement of my work as State Drug Inspector for the past year, I take pleasure in doing so, and attached you will find a detailed statement of same. In the discharge of my official duties it is neces sary for me to exercise a wonderful amount of both tact and discretion, and to possess a thorough knowledge of the laws that we are seeking to enforce. Unfortunately, while some of our laws have been on the statute books for years, their enforcement was not attempted until I was
12

appointed Drug Inspector. As a natural consequence, the people not being informed as to what the demands of the various laws were, and not being "specially" anxious to inform themselves, many through ignorance, others knowingly violated them. In my intercourse with them, I believe I can truthfully assert, that the majority of the dealers whom these laws seek to govern, wish to obey them and will do so when intelligently informed as to what the law demands. There are some however, I regret to say, so hardened in "violations" of all laws that noth ing short of severe and richly deserved punishment will deter them from violating these laws whenever it is to their individual gain. Some of these laws have from time to time been amended, but in order to make them more effective and just, need further changes. Among these I would mention the present "narcotic law." This law, as originally drafted and passed by the Legislature, was not in my humble judgment, intended to apply to "veterinary remedies," such as is handled by general dealers and merchants in country districts, and which are so much needed, in many instances, for the relief of Colic, Botts, Grubbs, Scours, and such other diseases as stock suffer most with, and for lack of which valuable stock frequently die. Yet under the provisions of this law, no general dealer can sell these much needed remedies. I would suggest that you have this law amended so as to give merchants, in general, the right to sell these rem edies, under certain restrictions, which I will mention later. Our present Poison Law imposes a hardship on certain merchants, farmers and market gardeners, in that no matter how destructive the Caterpillar is to cot ton, or the "Lincoln Bug" is to the cabbage, Irish pota toes and other vegetables, the general dealer, nor the "unlicensed druggist" can sell Paris Green, or Lon don purple, for their extermination, and no matter how bad the "rats" are in the barn, or mice in the pantry, these same merchants cannot sell remedies or prepara
13

tions for their extermination. Even "Corrosive Subli mate," and preparations containing it cannot be sold, by general dealers under the provisions of the law for the extermination of ` ` bed bugs. ' ' I would suggest an amend ment to the Poison Law allowing these articles sold under certain restrictions. I firmly believe that by pursuing a conservative policy toward merchants, and giving them laws, that while protective, will not be oppressive, we will make them most valuable friends in the execution of these laws. In my intercourse with the merchants throughout the State I have endeavored to impress them with that obligation and sense of duty that they, as good and loyal citizens, owe the State in the enforcement of her laws, and I feel assured that the effect will be most wholesome. There was a time not very far back in the history of our State when it was truthfully stated that it was a most difficult matter to procure ` ` Pure Drugs and Medicines, ' ' in the State. But I am gratified here to state that con dition of things is now, simply a matter of "unfortunate history." For no State in the entire South occupies a more enviable position, as regards the enforcement of her ` ` Food and Drug Laws, than Georgia. This condition of affairs has been accomplished by the enactment of wise, just, conservative, yet liberal laws, which you have sought to enforce in equally as wise, just and conservative manner. In their enforcement you have been largely aided by your untiring and faithful assistant, Capt. R. F. Wright, and your ever ready, always willing and efficient State Chemist, Dr. R. E. Stallings, to whom, as well as yourself, I am indebted for much assistance rendered and courtesies shown. In the further prosecution of my work I invite that same hearty and cordial co-operation that you have always given, and the kind consideration that you have always shown me. Assuring you, and through you the State, that I will in return give the people faithful service, a conscientious discharge of every duty that de volves on me, and that I will lend my best efforts to main
14

tain the exalted prestige which the entire department, of which you are Chief Executive, so richly deserves. I have taken more than six hundred and fifty samples of drugs, medicines and chemicals, made and sold in the State, and have turned same over to Dr. E. E. Stallings, State Chemist, for analysis, the results of which will, I presume, be published in connection with his report. Awaiting your further pleasure,
Very respectfully yours, T. A. Cheatham, State Drug Inspector.
DETAILED REPORT OF THE DRUG INSPECTOR.
Atlanta, Ga., January 1, 1910.
I visited the most important places in one hundred and thirty-eight counties of the State; I have examined license and inspected the stores of 1,136 druggists throughout the different sections of the State; I have found 920 druggists who were complying with the law by having licensed men in charge of their stores; I found 171 druggists who were exempt from the operation of the license law; I found 50 druggists who were conducting their stores in open violation of law by not having licensed men in charge of same as required by law; all of these I promptly reported to both the Commissioner of Agriculture and the State Board of Pharmacy; since that time all those reported have secured the services of licensed men, put them in charge and are now conducting their business as the law requires, with the exception of six--these six are now being prosecuted or will be prose cuted for violation of the license laws of the State; I found 813 druggists who were keeping poison registers as
15

the laws require; 375 druggists who were not keeping poison registers as is required by law and 48 druggists who were exempt under the law, in that they did not sell poison; I found 815 druggists who had their license re corded with the Ordinaries of the counties in which they were doing business, as the law requires; 150 druggists who did not have their license recorded as required by law and 150 who were exempt under the law--all of those who did not have their license recorded at first have had them properly recorded since that time. I have inspected the stocks of 897 general dealers throughout the State; of these I found 250 who were violating the Pure Food and Drugs Laws of the State; these stocks I am holding up until they comply with the law; I found 60 general dealers who were handling poisons in violation of the law, to all of whom I gave notice to discontinue their sales; I have found 50 general dealers who were handling laud anum in violation of the law--each of these I gave notice to discontinue the sale of same; I found 10 general dealers who were handling Pjaris Green in violation of the law who discontinued its sale upon request from me; I found 25 general dealers who were handling carbolic acid in violation of the poison law, also 35 general dealers who were handling nuxvomica in violation of the same law-- all of whom promptly returned these articles to the whole sale merchant from whom they obtained them; I found 25 general dealers who were handling bay-rum that did not show the per cent, of alcohol as required by the Food and Drugs law; I found 25 general dealers who were handling Sloan's Colic cure in violation of the narcotic law, in that it contained 55 grains Chloral Hydrate to the fluid ounce, while the law only allows 20 grains, except where the sale is made on the prescription of a physician, veterinary surgeon or dentist; I found 15 general dealers who were handling H. & E. Colic Cure, which contains 24.7 grains of opium to the fluid once, while the narcotic law only allows 4 grains; I found 10 general dealers who
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were handling Magic Colic Cure in violation of the nar

cotic law, in that it contained 8 grains of opium, while the

law allows only 4 grains--all of these discontinued the

sale on the articles mentioned, on notice from me to

do so.

I visited 175 retail grocery stores, of these I found 50

who were handling drugs, medicines, etc., in violation of

the narcotic and Pure Food and Drug Laws--to each of

whom I gave notice to obey the law; I visited 125 whole

sale grocery stores, of these I found 25 who were handling

laudanum, rat poison, carbolic acid, Tr. Iodine and patent

medicines in violation of the narcotic, poison and Pure

Food and Drug Laws--each of these were given proper

notice. I found in the stock of one general dealer out in

the mountains of Fannin county strychnine, chloroform,

Tr. Nuxvomica, powdered nuxvomica, rat poison, paris

green, laudanum, arsenic, corrosive sublimate and 22

patent medicines that were old, worthless, dangerous to

use and in violation of the Pure Food and Drug Laws--all

of these articles I ordered the sale of discontinued and

that no future purchase of such articles be made; I visited

places in 18 of the mountain counties of the State in a

buggy--traveled 931 miles, made 407 inspections and

found only seven drug stores--the balance being general

stores in which drugs were kept and sold.

This report is submitted for your information at your

request.

Very truly yours,

T. A. Cheatham,

State Drug Inspector.

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ANNUAL BEPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT
OF FISHERIES.
LaGkange, Gav December 31, 1909.
Hon. Thomas G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture,
Atlanta, Ga.
Sir : In conformity with the duties of the Superinten dent of Fisheries, I herewith submit a report for the year ending December 31st, 1909.
During the year the usual routine of distributing the laws, of correspondence, of furnishing information and advice, and appointing and supervising the wardens has been conducted.
Special investigations have been made and the trouble remedied, as it best could, when there were com plaints of pollution of waters throughout Georgia, from waste, acids, oils, and refuse from manufacturing plants, gas works, sewerage, etc. Parties, without exception, who had immediate charge of the several interest com plained of, when notified that substances injurious to fish life might flow from their plants, willingly and cheerfully adopted any measure which was thought might remedy the trouble.
Additional restrictive legislation is probably needed in regard to saw mills being placed where the saw dust will drift into streams. A remedy for this evil is not easily found.
There seems to be no reduction, or material increase of fish, in the fresh water streams throughout the State. The United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries continues to supply applicants with fish to be used for stocking ponds and streams, when the application has the endorsement of this Department.
At the earnest and frequent request of the citizens who were interested, your Superintendent visited dif
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ferent points on the Satilla river to learn, if possible, why the white shad were not being found in that river as they had in the past few years. When young shad are placed in that river they grow to full size but do not multiply. When these are caught the supply is exhausted. The bed of the river for a good long distance from Brunswick is covered with soft black earth which makes it unsuited for spawning ground for shad, and I am satisfied this is the cause of the exhausting of the supply of fish.
Your Superintendent undertook at the beginning of the year to get up statistics of the salt water fish and oysters of the State. He commenced the work at Bruns wick and soon learned that to do the work properly would take more money than was at the command of the department. While pursuing that work he found a repre sentative of the United States Fish Commission who was doing the very work contemplated by me; so that, your Superintendent gave him the information he had and ceased that line of work, intending to get later the data he was collecting there and elsewhere in the State. The Department of the Census at Washington has kindly sent an advance report of this work which is as follows:
Preliminary report of the fisheries of Georgia for the year ending December 31st, 1909.
These statistics are confined to the fishing industry and do not include wholesale fish dealers or canneries. The final report will contain an analysis of the totals and will present statistics for other phases of the industry.

Number

Independent fishermen-------------

634

Wage earning fishermen---------- 1,891

Vessels ____________________

' 88

Outfit (bait, fuel, provisions, etc_

Boats---------------------------------- 2,791

Apparatus of capture, total-------

Cast nets______________

333

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Value
$ 83,672 5,855 79,025 54,510 1,940

Dredges, tongs, etc

Gill nets _

982

Lines _ _

__

Pound nets

12

Seines .

123

Miscellaneous

Shore and accessory property Cash capital Products, total

Pounds

Carp, German

37,600

Catfish

279,500

Channel bass

53,700

Croaker

45,500

Drum, salt water ^ _

97,500

Groupers

160,000

Mullet

194,000

Sea bass

233,000

Shad

1,333,300

Sheepshead

64,000

Snapper, red

880,000

Squetague or trout

139,500

Sturgeon

100,000

Whiting

98,100

Crabs, hard

196,000

Prawn

394,000

Shrimp

134,000

Terrapin and turtles

42,500

Bushels

Clams, hard

5,400

Oysters, for market pur-

poses

1,423,100

Oysters for seeding pur-

poses

2,300

Miscellaneous fish, skins,

etc _ _ ---------

20

10,570 31,960 2,230 2,000 5,070
740
184,500 500
699,660
Value 1,150 14,730 3,240 1,800 1,880 2,900 5,430 13,730
190,000 3,740 30,000 11,610 7,000 9,440 7,540 12,700 6,700
21,030 Value
9,400
332,990
4,600
8,050

The expenses of this department for the year ending December 31st, 1909, are one hundred and twenty-nine and sixty-five one-hundredth's dollars, as shown on ex pense account attached hereto marked Exhibit No. 1.
Respectfully submitted, A. T. Daujs,
Superintendent of Fisheries, State of Georgia.
STATE OF GEORGIA,
IX ACCOUNT WITH
A. T. Daulis, Superintendent of Fisheries, Dr. For the Year Ending December 31, 1909.
1909. Feby. 1--Paid Billinghurst Printing Company
for stationery_________________ $ 3.00 Feby. 20--Railway fare from LaGrange to
Brunswick and return__________ 11.36 Feby. 22--Expenses of Superintendent of Fish
eries, boat fare and meals on inves tigation trip up Satilla River------- 4.00 Feby. 22--Expenses J. E. Dart, Fish Warden, on trip as above___________________ 4.00 Feby. 22--Two meals en route to Brunswick----- 1.00 Feby. 25--Lodging at Hotel Royal, Brunswick-_ 3.75 Feby. 25--Meals three days at Brunswick_____ 3.75 Feby. 25--Meals two days in Brunswick_______ 2.50 Feby. 26--Two meals en route from Brunswick- .90 July 9--Expenses two days in Atlanta----------- 3.00 July 9--Railroad fare to and from Atlanta----- 2.84 July 19--Railroad fare to and from Macon and two meals____________________ 7.55 July 19--Hack fare to fertilizer works and other plants________________________ 1.75 July 19--One meal and telephone charge--------- .60
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Aug. 9--Railroad fare from LaGrange to At lanta and return________________
Aug. 9--Expense two days in Atlanta________ Sept. 15--Railroad fare to Atlanta and return_ Sept. 15--One meal in Atlanta______________ Dec. 6--One ton of coal, $5.60 per ton, for office Dec. 6--Office rent for the year 1909_________ Dec. 6--Postage account for the year ending
Dec. 31, 1909___________________ Dec. 6--Hon. Hatton Lovejoy for services___ Dec. 6--Billinghurst Printing Company, for
stationery____________________

2.84 3.00 2.84 .50 5.60 30.00
24.87 5.00
5.00

$129.65

The Superintendent has made no charge for lights, post-office box rent, care of office, ink, pens and other in cidental expenses. The expense account to Brunswick was for doing statistical and other work. That to Macon to look after complaints concerning refuse from manu facturing and other plants. Some of the trips to Atlanta were made at the request of members of the Legislature concerning proposed legislation.
I hereby certify that the above account is just, true and unpaid.
A. T. Dallis, Superintendent of Fisheries, State of Georgia.

Received of Thomas G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture, one hundred and twenty-nine and 65/100 dollars in full of above amount.
December 7th, 1909. A. T. Dallis,
Superintendent of Fisheries, State of Georgia.

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REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF
GEORGIA FOR 1909.
Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 31, 1909.
Hon T. G. Hudson, Chairman,
State Board of Entomology.
I have the honor as State Entomologist and Secretary of the State Board of Entomology to submit herewith a report of the work of the Board for 1909:
The personnel of the working force has remained the same as in 1908, with the employment of additional as sistants from time to time in order to carry on the work to the best advantage. The force has been as follows: E. L. Worsham, State Entomologist; A. C. Lewis, As sistant Entomologist; W. Y. Reed and W. W. Chase, Assistant Entomologists; Dr. J. C. Bradley, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, and C. R. Pendleton, University of Pennsylvania, Special Assistants; G. R. Casey, Deputy Inspector; Miss Glover Henderson, Sec retary to the State Entomologist, and Miss Nannie Sitton, Assistant Stenographer. Dr. Bradley and Mr. Pen dleton were with us during their vacations and we were very fortunate in obtaining their services, and both of them rendered us very valuable assistance in our work.
Inspection.
The amount of stock inspected in nurseries is about the same as in 1908-9, but there has been a constantly in creasing demand for special inspections of orchards and growing crops, and shade and ornamental trees growing on private estates. The following table shows the amount of nursery stock of each kind inspected in the various nurseries of the State:
Peach___________________ ____ 978,900 Apple_______________________ 584,500
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Pecan_______________________ 227,100 Cherry--------------------------------- 80,700 Plum _______________________ 91,300 Pear------------------------------------ 184,800 Carolina Poplars_____________ 23,800 Grapes---------------------------------- 175,000 Conifers _____________________ 5,000 Pomegranates ________________ 2,000 Umbrella trees________________ 10,000 Deciduous shrubs and trees______ 100,000 Miscellaneous________________ 530,000 Eoses_______________________ 30,000
3,023,100
Strawberry plants (est.)_______ 475,000
For the season of 1909-10 sixty nurseries were in spected and sixty certificates were issued for the sale of stock. Ninety-six nurseries outside State were issued certificates for the sale of stock.
Inspections were made of all nursery stock imported from Europe for brown tail and gypsy moths, and in several shipments winter nests of brown tail moths were discovered. All such stock was destroyed. These in sects are costing the New England States millions of dollars annually. We will continue to do everything in our power to prevent their becoming established in Georgia.
Educational Woek.
The educational work of the State Board of Ento mology conducted through the Farmers' Institutes under the direction of Dr. A. M. Soule, through the attendance upon various agricultural meetings, and through special meetings that have been conducted by the Board, is one of the most valuable phases of the work and is of inesti
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mable value to all classes of people. More than one hundred meetings during the year were attended, and lectures given upon seriously injurious insects and plant diseases.
Research Work.
Experiments for the control of the following serious pests have been conducted: San Jose Scale, Peach Curculio, Hessian Fly, Codling Moth, co-operative work with the Georgia Experiment Station on Red Spider of Cot ton; and on plant diseases, experimental work has been conducted on Pear Blight, Brown Rot of Peach, Peach Scab, Leaf Spot Diseases of Apple, Cotton Anthracnose, and Black Root or "Wilt" disease of Cotton.
San Jose Scale.--Experiments which have been con ducted for several years for the control of this insect have shown that the most satisfactory remedy is lime and sulphur, either the home-made preparation or the lime sulphur solution which is for sale by many manu facturers. The results of these experiments are ready for publication and will be distributed at an early date.
Peach Curculio.--The results of experiments for the control of curculio for the past season were most satis factory. Our results show that it can be controlled by the application of arsenate of lead, and our correspond ence thus far indicates that a large per cent, of the grow ers will take advantage of these results during next season. In order to confirm the results of last season and be absolutely sure that we were correct in our con clusions, we are conducting these experiments again this season at Calhoun and Adairsville, Ga.
Codling Moth.--The work done on codling moth is of inestimable value to apple growers throughout the State. Careful research work was conducted for a number of years on the life history of this insect and many spray tests were made for its control. Bulletin 29 which was prepared last season and issued in March, and distributed
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to apple growers, contains a detailed report of the cod ling moth. work.
Red Spider.--Co-operative work for the control of cotton red spider was conducted during the past season with the State Experiment Station. We have discovered that it is quite a serious pest to cotton and attacks many other plants of commercial value. The observations which we have made of its life history and experiments for its control will be of great value to practically every one interested in agricultural and horticultural pursuits. A report on red spider will be made sometime during the next year.
Hessian Fly.--The results obtained from work of past season on Hessian fly confirm results previously obtained and outlined in circular No. 7. This work has been of great value to the wheat industry in the State by enabling growers to plant at a certain time and avoid the Hessian fly which is such a serious pest. Results show that no wheat grower should plant his crop before October 20th or 22nd.
Brown Rot and Peach Scab.--Outside of San Jose scale brown rot is perhaps the most serious pest with which the fruit grower has to contend. The results from brown rot experiments last year were eminently satis factory. Our results are corroborated by the results of practical growers. It now seems possible to control it to a large extent by the use of self-boiled lime and sul phur. Detailed directions for spraying for brown rot will be outlined in Bulletin No. 32 and distributed at a very early date.
Pear Blight.--Pear Blight is a menace to the pear and apple industry throughout the State. The damage seems to be greater each year. Our experiments thus far have shown that in isolated orchards it can be controlled to a very large extent by carefully pruning away the dis eased parts and burning them. In the experimental orchard at Thomson practically no damage was done
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to the fruit crop last season, where a careful system of pruning away diseased parts has been practiced for sev eral years. Experiments show that blight is more severe on fertilized than unfertilized trees.
Cotton Anthracnose.--This disease occurs throughout the entire State and is one of the greatest enemies to the cotton crop. Our experiments for the past two sea sons have been conducted on Butler Island at Darien. In our variety tests we have seven hybrids and a num ber of selections. All are attacked to a greater or less extent, but some displayed much more resistance than others. Those displaying greater resistance were Wil lett's Bed Leaf, 11 per cent.; Sistrunk, 17 per cent.; Schley, 18 per cent.; Triumph, 18 per cent.; Bank Ac count, 21 per cent. Those most susceptible to the dis ease, Cook, 44 per cent.; Broadwells, 45 per cent.; Bussels, 43 per cent.; Peterkin, 41 per cent.; Columbia, 41 per cent.; Mortgage Lifter, 40 per cent. In one selection only 10 per cent, of the bolls were diseased.
It will take a long period of time to develop varieties which will entirely resist this disease, but results thus far obtained are rather hopeful.
Black Boot or Wilt Disease of Cotton.--In some sec tions of South Georgia the cotton growers have a greater dread of black root than of any other disease or any insect. During the season of 1909 its ravages were far greater than ever before and probably cost the cotton growers at least one and one-half million dollars. In many sections entire fields were completely destroyed. The results of experiments during the past season were far more satisfactory than in previous years. The results of previous years were confirmed and show very clearly that this disease can only be controlled by rotation and by planting all varieties that have been developed to the point where they are more or less resistant to the dis
ease. We have tested fifty-five different varieties of cotton
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and found that no variety handled displayed a natural resistance to the disease. It is only by careful selection that we have been able to develop varieties that are re sistant and that can be grown in areas affected with black root. Each season we have tested from fifty to one hun dred different selections and during last season one hun dred different crosses were made with fifteen different varieties. From these selections several very promising resistant strains have been obtained; one of the most promising is the Excelsior selection. It displayed a great deal of resistance and last year gave a yield of 43 per cent. lint.
The Dixie and Dillon varieties are now extensively grown by many cotton growers throughout the southern part of the State, and reports from growers show that they are retaining their resistance and enabling them to grow cotton in spite of the disease, where our direc tions are followed. Where the resistant varieties are grown and where the cotton is rotated with a crop that will not encourage the growth of nematodes in the soil, we can enable the growers in the affected area to grow as much cotton as they could prior to the occurrence of black root.
In view of the fact that the ordinary cow pea is at tacked to a large extent by nematodes, thus making it impossible to rotate cotton with this pea, it has been necessary to develop by selection a pea that would be resistant to nematode. The Iron pea has been developed in this way and many growers will be provided with small quantities of the Iron pea by the Department.
Recognition given by the last session of the Legis lature to this work has enabled us to get in touch with a large number of cotton growers and to give them careful information concerning methods of controlling this dis ease. At the end of the season more than fifty meetings will have been conducted in the southern part of the State for the purpose of discussing this disease with the
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farmers and showing them how it can be controlled. From present indications we will have upwards of 3,000 applications for resistant cotton seed and Iron peas. By co-operation with the cotton grower we can eventually eradicate this disease from the cotton fields of Georgia. While none of the seed thus far developed are entirely resistant or immune, they are sufficiently resistant to enable the cotton grower where he follows our directions to grow a good crop of cotton in spite of the disease. The work has not been conducted sufficiently long as yet to develop varieties that are entirely immune. Results thus far obtained are so promising that we will even tually have varieties that will not be attacked at all by the fungus producing the disease. This disease cannot be eradicated in a single season, but if the Legislature will continue to encourage us with this work and give us financial aid, we can continue to give great relief to the cotton grower.
In view of the fact that cotton growing is the main industry in Georgia, and in view of the fact that we are threatened with the Mexican boll weevil, we regard this as the most important phase of our work. We want to do everything in our power before the boll weevil arrives and demands its heavy annual tax. The ten thousand dollars appropriated by the Legislature will mean thou sands of dollars saved to those engaged in the growing of cotton, and it is hoped that this appropriation will be increased in order that we may be able to render still greater service.
Boll Weevil.--Official reports state that Mexican cot ton boll weevil traveled one hundred miles during last season, and that it is now at the eastern border of Ala bama. This is a greater distance than it has ever been known to travel before. Judging from its past rate of travel it will certainly strike southwest Georgia within the next three years. No human agency can check its advance, but a quarantine against the shipment of cotton,
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cotton seed, etc., from infested areas is being rigidly enforced.
Appropriation.
The work of the Department of Entomology has al most doubled during the past two years. The people generally are beginning to realize that there are no more important problems in agriculture and horticulture than the problems of insect pests and plant diseases. The present appropriation for the control of these pests is inadequate. We need a greater force of assistants in order to carefully investigate such problems. We need more money for the purpose of publishing the results of experiments in order that we can better serve the people who need such information. We are thankful for the encouragement which we have thus far received, but we could render a much greater service if we were granted a somewhat more liberal appropriation.
Publications.
The following publications have been issued during 1909:
Bulletin No. 28.--"Black Boot of Cotton." Bulletin No. 29.--"The Codling Moth or Apple Worm." Bulletin No. 30.--"Beport of Horticultural Society." Circular No. 9.--"The Brown-tail Moth." The following special circulars have been issud to nurserymen, fruit growers, and others: Feb. 2.--Letter in regard to brown-tail and gypsy moths sent to all nurserymen of State. July 8.--Circular letter to cotton growers asking their support of bill introduced by Bepresentative Henderson in regard to appropriation for black root. July.--Letter to members of the General Assembly in regard to appropriation for work on black root of cotton.
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September.--Letter sent to parties requesting resist ant cotton seed and Iron peas. Similar letters sent dur ing remainder of tbe year in answer to such requests.
Oct. 15.--Letter to newspapers enclosing circular on spraying for San Jose scale.
Nov. 19.--Circular letter to newspapers in regard to meetings to be held in various towns and localities to discuss the black root problem.
Finances.
Expenditure of appropriation for 1909: To Annual Appropriation for 1909_________ $12,000.00 Balance unexpended December 31, 1909______ 626.40
$12,626.40
Special Appropriation for Black Boot, Etc., for 1909 _____________________________ 5,000.00
$17,626.40
Salaries and Expenses as follows: Salary of State Entomologist at $2,000 per an
num ________________________________ $ 2,000.00 Salary of Assistant State Entomologist at $1,-
400 per annum from Jan. 1st to Oct. 1st, and $1,600 per annum from Oct. 1st__________ 1,450.00 Salary Field Assistant Entomologist at $1,200 per annum from Jan. 1st to Oct. 1st, and $1,400 from Oct. 1st______________________ 1,250.00 Wages, one Deputy Inspector at $1,200 per an num from Jan. 1st to Oct. 1st, and at $1,400 per annum from Oct. 1st-------------------------- 1,250.00 Wages, one Deputy Inspector, 13 days at $3.00 per diem_____________________________ 39.00 Wages, one Special Assistant, three months and 20 days at $100 per month_______________ 366.66
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Wages, one Special Assistant, two months at $100 per month________________________
Salary, Secretary to State Entomologist at $840 per annum from Jan. 1 to Oct. 1, and $960 per annum from Oct. 1, one week's time deducted
Salary, Assistant Secretary, three months, 24 days at $60.00 per month________________
Traveling Expenses, State Entomologist_____ Traveling Expenses, Asst. State Entomologist Traveling Expenses, Field Asst. Entomologist Traveling Expenses, Deputy Inspectors_____ Traveling Expenses, Special Assistant_______ Traveling Expenses, Special Assistant_______ Printing and Engraving__________________ Postage_______________________________ Telegrams______________________________ Office Supplies and expenses_______________ Library_______________________________ Laboratory_____________________________ Field Work and Experiments______________ Express, Freight, Etc____________________ Expenses, Board Meetings_________________

200.00
851.33
228.00 1,340.29
652.19 449.08 390.92 188.22 58.39 2,191.54 904.70 16.69 700.52 28.93 138.12 1,357.83 95.98 92.63

$16,241.02 Balance unexpended December 31__________ 1,385.38

$17,626.40 Respectfully submitted,
E. L. Wobsham, State Entomologist.

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