Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of Georgia, year ending December 31, 1908

REPORT
OF THE
Commissioner of Agriculture
OF THE
State of Georgia
FOR THE
Year Ending December 81, 1908
T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner R. F. WRIGHT, Assistant

REPORT
OF THE
Commissioner of Agriculture
OF THE
State of Georgia
FOR THE
Year Ending December 31, 1908
T. G. HUDSON, Commissioner R. F. WRIGHT, Assistant

REPORT
To His Excellency, Hoke Smith, Governor of Georgia.
In compliance with the law I beg leave to submit the following report of the transactions of the Department of Agriculture from January 1, 1908, to January 1, 1909:
CLERICAL FORCE.
The clerical force consists of the following named persons: R. F. Wright, Assistant Commissioner and General Correspondent; J. F. Johnson, Commissioner's Clerk; J. T. Derry, Shipping and Mail ing Clerk; E. F. Williams, Stenographer; P. A. Methvin, Food Inspector.
Under the provisions of an Act approved December 20, 1899, which provides for the establishment of quarantine lines for the protection of cattle in those sections not affected or partially af fected with contagious diseases, this department is still co-operating with the United States with a view to the suppression of conta gious diseases caused by the cattle tick.
Under the provisions of the Act just referred to, the sum of $500.00 was set aside from the fees arising from the inspection of fertilizers for the payment of cattle inspectors. The Commis sioner, therefore, has appointed and commissioned four cattle in spectors annually to do this work.
In connection with this work we issued a number of bulletins,

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outlining the laws governing the quarantine regulations of this State as a guide not only for the inspectors, but also for the people gen erally. The work of these inspectors has been as faithfully and ef fectively performed as could be expected under the circumstances.
In co-operation with the national government we succeeded in placing three more counties above the quarantine line, and partly eradicated the tick in four others during the year 1907.
Under the provisions of the law enacted by the Legislature of 1905, we have continued to employ veterinary surgeons in response to calls from almost every section of our State, our expenses for this item being $718.76 for the year ending December 31st, 1908.
PUBLICATIONS.
We have issued and distributed about 25,000 copies of the Com mercial Fertilizer Bulletin, No. 46, of the season of 1907-1908. This bulletin was in the main prepared by our efficient State Chemist, R. E. Stallings. Within its pages are found the tables of analyses of commercial fertilizers sold in the State of Georgia during the sea son of 1907-1908. There are also found in this bulletin letters on agricultural chemistry, fertilizer formulas for all kinds of crops, feeding formulas, and tables of analyses of commercial fertili zers, etc.
We also published Bulletin No. 45 on Foods and Commercial Feeding Stuffs, Bulletin No. 47 on Foods, Drugs, Medicines, Bev erages, Candies and Condiments, also Narcotic and Poison Laws We have also in press Bulletin No. 46 (B) on Georgia Statistics and five hundred bound copies of selections from the annual Fertilizer Bulletins from 1904 to 1906, including also a corn bulletin and sev eral bulletins of the State Entomologist.
We call especial attention to the report of State Entomologist, Prof. E. L. Worsham; also to those of Dr. R. E. Stallings, State Chemist, W. H. Taylor, State Oil Inspector, A. T. Dallis, State Su

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perintendent of Fisheries, P. A. Methvin, State Food Inspector, and J. A. Cheatham, State Drug Inspector.
It will be noted that Dr. Stallings, under the greatly increasing correspondence of the Chemical Department, needs clerical assist ance, such as a competent stenographer.
I would call attention to the need of amendments for the in creased efficiency of the Drugs and Food Act, and to additional leg islation suggested for perfecting the law on pure foods.
In this connection permit me to say that the attention of the De partment of Agriculture has been called during the past few months to instances where imperfect or mixed seed have been sold to farm ers, in consequence of which many who had sown oats found in their fields small patches of that grain, but large areas in which their oats were choked out by a luxurious growth of cheat, chess or similar foreign grasses and other portions of their land, where nothing but those grasses appeared. I would therefore recommend a law pro tecting the purchaser against imperfect and impure or mixed seeds.
Upon successful agriculture is based the prosperity of every bus iness in Georgia and fully realizing this fact, I wish to guard in every possible way the interests of the farmers of our State.
You will note from the State Chemist's Report more than 18,000 analytic determinations, which shows a very large increase in the work of our chemical laboratory, due to the enforcement of the Pure Food and Drug laws passed last year. Besides the Fertilizer work grows yearly.
Now to carry out this work more efficiently, I recommend a more liberal appropriation for the Chemical Department.
Thanking you for your uniform courtesy and willing co-opera tion at all times with the Department of Agriculture, I am,
Respectfully yours, T. G. Hudson,
Commissioner of Agriculture.

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State of Georgia, Department of Fertilizers.
Atlanta, Ga., December 31, 1908. Statement of fertilizer fund for year ending December 31, 1908:
Dr. To amount from sale of tags............................................ $92,886 90 To amount from bulk sales ............................................ 255 54 To amount from food fund ............................................. 3,000 00
$96,142 44 Cr. By amount expense..............................................................$1,016 74 By amount expense of inspeetors ................................ 3,886 21 By amount inspectors' salaries ..................................... 27,195 49 By amount veterinary surgeon .......................................... 718 76 By amount paid for tags ............................................... 3,341 06 By amount paid Treasurer ........................................... 59,984 18
$96,142 44 T. G. Hudson, By J. F. Johnson, Fertilizer Clerk.

STATEMENT.

Receipts and Disbursements of pure food funds for year ending December 31, 1908:

Receipts from sales of feed inspection stamps: General Expense Account ............................$1,954 35 Salary Account .............................................. 6,732 50 Inspectors' Expense Account ....................... 800 00 Fertilizer Fund Account ............................... 3,000 00 R. E. Park, Treasurer ................................... 1,417 70

$13,904 55

$13,904 55 $13,904 55
T. G. Hudson, Commissioner. By P. A. Methvin. State Inspector.

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REPORT OF STATE OIL INSPECTOR.
Atlanta, Ga., January 1, 1909.
Hon. T. G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir: As shown by the Comptroller General's books, there has been paid into the State Treasury, as fees due the State from the inspection of illuminating oils for the year ending December thirty-first, nineteen hundred and eight, the sum of Twelve Thou sand Nine Hundred Sixty-six Dollars and Thirty-seven Cents ($12,966.37).
There is in the hands of local oil inspectors, as shown by the books of the former State Oil Inspector, the sum of Two Thousand Nine Hundred and Fifteen Dollars and Ninety-eight Cents, ($2,915.98), which has not yet been paid into the State Treasury, and when paid will be credited to the year nineteen hundred and nine.
Reports of local oil inspectors are due to be made on the first of each month for the month preceding, but remittances to the State Treasury are made from the first to tenth of each month, thus a por tion of the fees earned for any one month are not actually paid into the State Treasury until the next month.
Since I entered upon the discharge of the duties of the office on December first, nineteen hundred and eight, there has been no com plaint as to the illuminating quality of the oil sold in the State, and I am informed by the former State Oil Inspector that such com plaints are rare, and that few violations of the oil laws have been re ported to him during the current year.
Respectfully submitted,
W. H. Taylor, State Oil Inspector.

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REPORT OF THE STATE CHEMIST.
Atlanta, Ga., December 31, 1908.
Hon. T. G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir : Reviewing the work of the Laboratory for the past year I beg to report that more work was accomplished than ever before in the history of the laboratory.
Tags were sold for 842,755 tons during the season, and the num ber of brands registered was 1,822. For full details covering the analyses of Fertilizers I refer you to Bulletin No. 46.
The year 1908 was the first year of the active enforcement of the Pure Food Law. A large number of foods and drugs and concentrated commercial feeding-stuffs were analyzed.
In addition to this work a number of miscellaneous samples were analyzed. For details regarding the analyses of foods and concentrated commercial feeding-stuffs I refer you to Bulletin No. 45.
Stamps were sold for 69,500 tons of concentrated commercial feeding-stuffs. The work required to analyze the above mentioned samples has been enormous and required more than 18,000 determi nations.
Owing to the enforcement of the Food and Drug Act the cor respondence of my office has increased so that I find it impossible to attend promptly to the letters and inquiries. This has been due to the fact that no provision has been made for clerical assistance. To properly and promptly carry out the work required of the lab oratory the force should be increased.
I have expended in the maintenance of the Laboratory the whole sum, one thousand dollars, appropriated for that purpose.
I desire to commend the earnest efforts of my assistants whose loyal support in the work has been given at all times.
In conclusion I wish to thank you and assistant commissioner, Hon. R. F. Wright, State Food Inspector, P. A. Methvin, Drug Inspector,

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T. A. Cheatham, for the hearty-co-operation given me at all times, in carrying out the duties of my office.
Respectfully submitted, R. E. Stallings, State Chemist.
REPORT OF STATE FOOD INSPECTOR, JULY 1st, 1909.
Hon. T. G. Hudson, Commissioner, Atlanta, Ga.
Sir : I submit herewith my report on food inspection for the year ending December 31st, 1908:
During the year 1908 I have inspected 1,808 stocks of foods found in the hands of manufacturers, jobbers and retail dealers; have ob tained 1,400 samples of foods and forwarded to the State Chemist for analysis. I refer you to Bulletin No. 45 for results of analysis of samples determined up to June 1st, 1908.
During the year I have seized and reported to you about 585 tons of feeding-stuff that did not meet the requirements of the law; I have also seized and reported to you several thousand bushels of grain that was not up to grade, or in condition to be sold. Your ac tion in reporting a number of these cases to the National Govern ment, as they came under interstate commerce provisions, has in a great measure, tended to put a stop to such violations, and has been of incalculable benefit to the unsuspecting dealer, as well as the much imposed upon consumer.
The people of our State are getting a much better feeding-stuff today and less adulteration than ever before. When the Pure Food Law became effective the greater per cent, of feeds sold in this State were those adulterated with worthless ingredients, while now, an adulterated feed is seldom found; consumers, as well as dealers, are watching the guarantee analysis tags on each sack and have not been slow to learn their value.
Dairies and milk depots realize the necessity of complying with

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the Pure Food Law, first because they do not wish to violate any

law, and second because it is their desire to furnish their customers

with pure, wholesome and healthful dairy products.

I find many of the soft drink manufacturers making a determined

effort to ascertain the requirements as it applies to them.

Candy manufacturers have improved their plants with a marked

degree. Ciders and vinegars, as well as syrups, show considerable

improvement; lards and meats are being watched by dealers with

caution. I believe the peach and vegetable canning plants will in

the future be conducted with more care and attention.

Your action in conducting the food inspection on an educational

or instructive basis, thus far, has made it more effective and popular

than otherwise; the people of the State are free in their praise and

show much interest in the law; I meet co-operation on nearly every

hand and most violations I find are on account of the lack of infor

mation.

I wish to call your attention to several parts of the law that are

confusing and makes its construction doubtful; I also wish to es

pecially call your attention to the necessity for a sanitary clause; my

work could be made much more effectual had we such a law.

With the present interest and co-operation of the people of the

State and with the continuance of the assistance being given by the

Department, with a more complete law, there is no reason why

Georgia should not "show others the way" in pure food work.

I wish to state I have received most valuable suggestions and

great aid from our State Chemist, Dr. R. E. Stallings, who is not

only well posted in food work, out has his heart in the cause.

I wish to thank you and your efficient assistant, Hon. R. F.

Wright, for the untiring efforts and much encouragement given me,

and I shall endeavor in the future, as in the past, to merit your

approval.

Respectfully submitted,

P. A. Methvin,

State Food Inspector.

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REPORT OF THE STATE DRUG INSPECTOR, JANUARY 1st, 1909.
Hon. T. G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga.
Dear Sir : In compliance with your request I herewith submit a report, showing the results accomplished by me during the first three months of my office as State Drug Inspector. Before assum ing active control of the duties of my office I made a careful study of our various drug laws in order that I might enforce them intel ligently, doing justice alike to the law and those whom the laws sought to govern, and by pursuing a wise and conservative policy, disarm prejudice, the most powerful enemy with which we have to contend in their enforcement. In this direction I feel safe in as suring you that I have succeeded well, believing that we have the hearty co-operation of the majority of the representative druggists, wholesale and retail, general dealers, wholesale and retail grocers, who handle drugs throughout the State in the enforcement of these laws. No law or set of laws is perfect. Nor can any law be drafted that will meet the approval of everybody, hence it is useless to at tempt the enactment of any such law. But as a matter of protection to the majority and as a matter of simple justice to many our laws as they now stand need some changes, which I will suggest later or before closing this report.
I have since October 8th to December 31st, 1908, visited and care fully inspected in various sections of the State, 350 retail drug stores, 8 wholesale drug stores, 30 wholesale grocery stores, 45 retail gro cery stores, 50 general dealers and some physicians' offices, supplies, and medicines made and sold by "Street Fakirs.''
I found and reported to you and the State Board of Pharmacy eighteen (18) druggists who were conducting their business with out having licensed men in charge of them as the law requires, Fifty-three (53) who did not have their license recorded with the Ordinaries in counties where they were engaged in business. Eightyfive (85) who did not have Poison Registers nor record the sale

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of poisons, and many engaged in the sale of narcotic drugs. All of which were flagrant and in the two latter cases dangerous violations of the law. I found ten (10) wholesale grocers, fifteen (15) retail grocers and twenty-five (25) general dealers who were handling drugs and medicines, the sale of which was illegal and many gen eral dealers who were handling patent medicines that were musty with age, and many absolutely worthless so far as their medicinal qualities were concerned, and dangerous to use. I have taken 200 samples of various drugs, medicines and chemicals that are being sold in the market, turned them over to the State Chemist for analysis and he will include the result of his analysis in his report to you. All these violations I am striving to correct with a reasonable measure of success. The Legislature can greatly aid us in the further prosecution of this work and the correction of these violations. After a careful study of our laws I would sug gest the enactment of the following new law and amendments to our present laws: First, the drafting of what would be called "An Itinerant Vendors' Lawone that will prevent the selling from place to place, house to house, in cities, towns and communities, ofthemany worthless and in many instances dangerous remedies that are being sold from wagons by itinerant and ignorant vendors and on the streets by smooth talking "Fakirs," and by others who absolutely have no knowledge of the medicinal properties of drugs and who are not skilled in the art of compounding them, thereby making them safe and useful remedies and not dangerous ones. I would further suggest that by amendment to our poison law that you have changed from Schedule B to Schedule A the following articles, viz.: Ergot, cotton root, cantharides, croton oil, chloroform, chloral hy drate, all mineral acids, except commercial muriatic (where used for manufacturing purposes), carbolic acid and oxalic acid. I would further suggest that you amend your narcotic law so as to allow general dealers to sell veterinary remedies which contain opium, chloroform, chloral hydrate and cannabis Indica in quantities in excess of those allowed by the present law, under these conditions, viz: That they be made and used for veterinary purposes only, that they bear a distinctive label, with this wording printed across the face of label, wrapper and carton in red ink: "This preparation

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is made for veterinary purposes only--Dangerous if used by human

beings," and make the punishment a fine of five hundred dollars and

twelve months in jail if made, sold or used for other purposes. I

would further suggest, that the poison law be amended so as to al

low dealers to sell Paris Green, London Purple and other Arsenical

preparations where sold as insecticides only and bedbug preparations

(containing corrosive sublimate) where sold and used to kill bed

bugs. As no provision was made to pay my traveling expenses and

for the purchase of samples, I would suggest that you have the law

so amended as to give you the right to pay these amounts out of

the appropriation for the Food and Drug Department. And I would

further suggest that in order to more fully and thoroughly carry out

the work necessary to be done and in order to make this Department a

complete success, which is so essential to the public health, that you

ask the approaching session of the Legislature to make an additional

appropriation of five thousand dollars, or give this Department the

revenues derived by it from the sale of feed-stuff stamps, fines,

and forfeitures for its maintenance. In this way it will cost the

State absolutely nothing to maintain this Department. Assuring

you of renewed interest and zeal in the discharge of my official du

ties, and trusting the day is not far distant when Under your wise,

conservative and judicious administration Georgia will be rec ognized as the best governed State in the Union, in so far as her

Food and Drug Department is concerned. Thanking you for the

much encouragement given, the many acts of courtesy extended

and the hearty co-operation shown, and to your efficient, courteous

and ever ready assistant, Capt. R. F. Wright, for many acts of kind

ness shown and encouragement given, Dr. R. E. Stallings, the able

and efficient State Chemist, for his many valuable suggestions

and assistance rendered, and to my co-laborer and ever willing friend

and your worthy and efficient Food Inspector, P. A. Methvin, I

wish to extend my warmest thanks for much kindness received

at their hands.

Yours respectfully,

T. A. Cheatham,

State Drug Inspector.

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ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FISHERIES.
LaGrange, Ga., December 31st, 1908.
Hon. T. G. Hudson, Commissioner of Agriculture, Atlanta. Ga.
Sir : As Superintendent of Fisheries for the State of Georgia, I respectfully submit this my annual report for the year 1908:
The Superintendent, aided by the local Fish Wardens of many counties throughout the State, have proceeded with our duties, as prescribed by law, and met responsibilities as best we could under the circumstances.
Your Superintendent would encourage the forming of local fish associations to assist the County Wardens in enforcing the laws along the shores and in the waters of our State.
As the accredited official adviser of the people upon questions re lating to fish and fish culture, all laws relating thereto have been fcodified and printed in a handy edition, and have from time to time been distributed to applicants and others in every section of the State. By this means we have been able to disseminate information relating to the work we have in charge in a reliable and authorita tive manner. In addition to promulgating our State laws, we have endeavored to instruct as to the laws of nature of the proper en vironment, habitat and care of inland, coast and shell fish.
Many inquiries have been made to me, both by letter and in per son. I have endeavored to furnish the information desired as to the existence, status and construction of our laws. The opinions of the Attorney-General and other members of the bar have been se cured for the purpose of furnishing information desired and to guide in the enforcement of the laws.
Complaints have been made of fish dying in the waters of the Ocmulgee, near Macon, possibly caused by discharges through the sewers. I visited and corresponded with various plants, the waste products of which were emptied into this river. The officers of these plants met me in the most courteous manner and agreed

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to endeavor to minimize any possible evil from this source. I have been advised, that since this time no dead fish have been found at this point. I have met other parties for the purpose of assisting them in the propogation of fish and enforcing the laws at various times.
Many citizens claim that our present laws are inadequate; many others are of the opinion that with the laws now of force, and the method of most individuals of having their land posted answers greatly the purpose of the more stringent laws of other states. Ideal legislation is at this time impractical because of the great difficulty of enforcing its provisions.
It has been the duty and pleasure of your Superintendent to con ciliate the parties where the interest of individuals or corporations seemed to clash. The willingness of manufacturing plants and mu nicipalities and others where refuse matter is discharged into streams or sanitary sewers to correct any evil, or apparent evil that exists, has been appreciated by this Department, and generally satisfactory to the people who are interested.
From year to year additional disastrous effects are observed from the forests being taken from our lands. The lands being cultivated and the earth being carried by Spring floods into the waters, and the beds of the streams being greatly filled with settlings of mud, thus rendering the former habitat unfit for the spawning, hatching and growth of fish. Fish generally spawn in Georgia about the time we have our heaviest Spring rains and the waters being contaminated by surface drainage which contain many injurious substances, fish life has may troubles to encounter.
The United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries continue their courtesies in furnishing applicants with young fish for stock ing the waters of our State. The results of this work are as varied as the waters into which the fish are placed and the care taken. Ef forts have been, and are being, made to find some variety of edible fish which will thrive in our inland, thermal and contaminated wa ters, where the beds of streams are not too greatly filled with washed in soil and drift from other sources. Our shell fish indus tries are increasing each year; the supply which feed these plants perceptibly growing, though the only cultivation they get is fur

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nished by private parties. Fishermen encouraged by the high mar ket value of fresh and salt water fish, have marketed more than in any former year, and with constantly increasing transportation facilities more fish are annually sold in our local markets.
Good results are expected from the operation of the recent act regulating the use of drift-nets. While the results of our wjirk, and the condition of our fresh water streams, are not as favorable as we would like, they are as much so as we could expect with the conditions prevailing.
I herewith transmit marked Exhibit "A" an itemized expense account for this department for the current year amounting to one hundred and fifteen dollars and seventy-three cents.
Respectfully submitted, A. T. Dallis,
Superintendent of Fisheries, State of Georgia.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF GEORGIA FOR 1908.
Atlanta, Ga., December 31st, 1908.
To the Honorable T. G. Hudson, Chairman, State Board of Ento mology, Atlanta, Ga.:
I have the honor as State Entorpologist and Secretary of the Board, to make the following report of the work of the State Board of Entomology for 1908:
There has been no change in the office force which is as follows: A. C. Lewis, Assistant State Entomologist, W. V. Reed, Field As sistant Entomologist, W. W. Chase and G. R. Casey, Deputy In spectors, and Miss Glover Henderson, stenographer. Each and ev eryone has rendered valuable service to the Department.
As reports of the work of the Board are constantly being given to the public through our various publications, only a brief report is

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deemed necessary. Our work has three more or less distinct phases:
1st. Inspection work, including inspection of nurseries, orch ards, and special inspections of growing crops.
2nd. Research work, embracing experiments which we are con stantly conducting for the control of insect pests and plant diseases which do the most damage to the fruit grower, farmer and trucker.
3rd. Educational, embracing lectures given by the State Ento mologist and Assistants at Farmers' Institutes and at other places where such lectures can be of value to the people of the State.
Inspection.
The inspection consists of inspection of nurseries, orchards and special inspections of growing crops.
The following table shows amount of each kind of nursery stock inspected in the various nurseries of the State. This table shows a most remarkable increase in the amount of pecan stock since 1907. The number of pecan trees in 1907 was 177,028:
Peach .......................................................................... 916,750 Apples ........................................................................ 715,673 Plum .......................................................................... 103,275 Pear ............................................................................ 184,500 Pecan .......................................................................... 486.600 Miscellaneous .............................................................324,900 Cherry ....................................................................... 58,250 Strawberries .............................................................. 815,000 CarolinaPoplars ........................................................ 39.900 Grapes ........................................................................ 97,100
Total ................................................ .........................3,741,948
For seasons of 1908-09, seventy-six nurseries were inspected and seventy-three certificates issued for sale of stock. This involved careful inspection of about four million plants. Seventy-eight cer tificates were issued to nurserymen outside of the State.
About the same amount of orchard inspection was done as in 1907.

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San Jose scale continues to be the most serious pest with which the fiuit grower has to contend, but the control methods which have been devised by the Board make it a very simple matter to keep it in control. In visiting the various orchards of the State we make it a point to discuss with the growers the insect problems and plant diseases with which they have to contend and give them careful information concerning the best methods to which they can resort in controlling same.
The special inspection has involved frequent trips to various parts of the State to inspect nursery stock, fruit trees, general farm and truck crops for outbreaks of serious pests. These inspections fre quently result in saving crops where ordinarily there would have been almost a total loss.
Educational Work.
The Farmers' Institutes under direction of Dr. A. M. Soule, President of State College of Agriculture, were attended by either Mr. Lewis or myself, and lectures given upon insect pests and plant diseases. In addition to the Farmers' Institutes, I was invited to become a member of party of lecturers on the Educational Train operated by the State College of Agriculture. I was with the party during almost the entire tour of thirty days and lectured several times each day.
Research Work.
There are many problems that demand our attention, but we de vote our time to those that are doing the greatest amount of damage.
Codling Moth.--Experimental work on codling moth, embracing careful study of the life history of this insect and spraying tests for its control were continued this year, and very satisfactory results were obtained. This work will be conducted through another sea son, but the results thus far obtained have been carefully written up in Bulletin No. 29, and at an early date will be published and placed in the hands of apple growers of the State in order that they may make practical use of same.

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Peach Curculio.--The curculio work which was begun two years ago was continued last season, but as curculio failed to show up either on sprayed or unsprayed plats, it was impossible to determine the effect of the different sprayings. These experiments on curculio will be continued until some definite results can be obtained in re gard' to the value of spraying for curculio.
San Jose Scale.--This insect continues to be the most serious problem with which the fruit grower has to contend, and while we have demonstrated that the home-made lime-sulphur wash can be relied on absolutely to control it, we are trying to find some remedy that is equally as effective, which involves less trouble and which will be less objectionable to handle and apply. The results of ex periments to date with soluble oils and prepared lime-sulphur, were published in Circular No. 8, in November. In order to make thor ough tests of the solutions discussed in this circular, we are again conducting these experiments and hope to be able to make some definite recommendations as to their use after this season.
Red Spider.--The cotton red spider proved to be a very serious pest last season and co-operative experiments were undertaken for its control. Very satisfactory results were obtained from the ap plication of sulphur and from equal quantities of sulphur and lime. These experiments were continued this season.
Hessian Fly.--Experiments for the control of Hessian fly were continued last season and a report on results obtained to date is contained in Circular No. 7, issued September, 1908.
Black Root Disease of Cotton.--Excellent results have been ob tained from experiments with resistant varieties of cotton for this disease. We have succeeded in improving the resistance and the yield of varieties on which we reported last year and in developing new varieties that are very promising. Bulletin No. 28, now being prepared, will contain a report of the results obtained up to date. We will continue these experiments next season and will endeavor to develop early varieties that will resist black root and that can be grown sufficiently early to avoid damage by boll weevil.
Cotton Anthracnose.--The experiments with different varieties of cotton to determine comparative resistance to anthracnose, and if possible, to develop resistant strains, were conducted at Darien in a

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field where. previously an entire crop had been destroyed by this disease. Results obtained were not sufficiently definite to be reported on. The experiments will be continued in the same place with about fifty different varieties of cotton.
Pear Blight.--Pear blight is perhaps the most serious problem with which the pear grower has to contend, and it seriously affects some varieties of apples. Some years it results in the loss of prac tically the entire crop of pears in certain localities. In our experi ments we have been able to practically control it by careful pru ning. It has been controlled to the extent of our being able to grow a full crop of pears in an isolated orchard. Results show that application of fertilizers to stimulate growth in trees has a tendency to encourage the disease.
Brown Rot.--Brown rot is a most serious trouble affecting peaches and plums, and for a number of years we have been testing different fungicides with the hope of finding something on which we could rely to prevent the great loss which is annually experienced by the fruit growers. No definite recommendations can be made from results obtained to date, but the self-boiled lime-sulphur wash promises very satisfactory results. These experiments will be continued next season.
Apple Scab and Apple Leaf Spot.--In our experiments for Cod ling Moth we have tested the use of Bordeaux Mixture in arsenate of lead for the prevention of Apple Scab and Apple Leaf Spot, and very satisfactory results have been obtained.
Boll Weevil.--Official report shows that boll weevil traveled sixty-five miles last year in the direction of Georgia. It is but a question of time when this pest will reach Georgia. Traveling at its present rate it will reach the western section of the State within four years. Our quarantine law against this insect has been strictly enforced. We have been called upon frequently to make investiga tions of supposed introductions of boll weevil, but no boll weevils have yet been found in Georgia. In view of the fact that there is a possibility of this insect being introduced into the State in advance of its natural spread, and knowing that it is possible to exterminate it in isolated localities, and thus prevent its spread to other locali ties, I would suggest that you petition the Legislature to invest in

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us the power to take charge of such cotton fields in which the boll weevil may be introduced. This would necessitate additional ap propriation, because we would not be able to undertake it with the present appropriation and present force. This would mean a saving of thousands of dollars to the cotton growers of the State.
Pulications.
The following publications have been issued during 1908: Bulletin No. 26--"Peach Leaf Curl, Yellows, Rosette and Little Peach." Bulletin No. 27--"Proceedings of State Horticultural Society, 1908." Circular No. 7--"The Hessian Fly in Georgia." Circular No. 8--"Report on Experiments for Control of San Jose Scale." February 8th--Letter to newspapers of State with copy of State Entomologist's Report for 1907. March. Special Circular of Information on "Spraying to Control Insect Pests." March 21st--Circular letter sent to peach growers in regard to condition of peach trees after frost. May 1st--Ditto above. August. Circular containing "Summary of Laws of All States and Canada, on Transportation of Nursery Stock." December 22d--Circular in regard to spraying for San Jose Scale sent to fruit growers. December 22d--Copy of above circular, and letter sent to all newspapers of the State.
Appropriation.
The present appropriation of $10,000 is inadequate. Many will testify that we are rendering the State a great service and in order

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to meet the demands which are made upon us, we need more money. We would be able to get out more publications and also to place them in the hands of a larger number of people. We need more money for experimental work. An increased appropriation, for in stance, would enable us to conduct, on a larger scale, our experi ments for resistant varieties of cotton for black root disease, which has been costing the cotton growers of Georgia about $200,000 an nually, and we would be able to supply a much larger number of cotton growers each year with resistant seed. The assistants will have to have better pay for their services if we retain them, and we need at least one additional assistant.

Finances.
Expenditure of appropriation for 1908: Annual appropriation for 1908...............................-...........$ 11,500 00 To increased appropriation for 1908................................. 187 50 To unexpended balance.................................................... 1,171 89

$ 12,859 39

By salaries and expenses as follows:

Salary of State Entomologist at rate of $1,500 per annum

until August 15th; $2,000 from Augusta 15th until De

cember 31st ..................................................................$ 1,687 50 Salary of Assistant Entomologist, at $1,400 per annum. 1,400 00

Salary of one Deputy Inspector, at $1,200 per annum. . . 1,200 00

Wages of one Deputy Inspector, at $3.00 per diem........ 48 00 Salary, Field Assistant, at $1,200 per annum................. 1,200 00

Salary, Stenographer, at $720 per annum....................... 720 00

Traveling expenses, State Entomologist......................... 674 71

Traveling expenses, Assistant Entomologist................... 525 22

Traveling expenses, Field Assistant Entomologist.......... Traveling expenses, Deputy Inspectors...........................

473 33 440 30

Printing and engraving.................................................... 1,554 96

Postage............................................................................... 597 62

Telegrams ......................................................................... Office supplies and expenses............................................

11 61 901 28

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Library ............................................................................... Laboratory expenses and equipment................................. Field work and experiments............................................ Express, freight, etc.......................................................... Expenses, Board meetings ..............................................

165 50 180 48 321 47 113 81 17 20

12,232 99 Balance unexpended December 31st, 1908 ............... 626 40

Respectfully submitted. December 31st, 1908.

$ 12,859 39 E. L. Worsham, State Entomologist.