Georgia's deaf, 1940

. //
1(ji IEtO~IR1G II A S ID IE A IF
. OFFICIAL PROJECT NO. 665 - 34- 3 - 90
WORK PROJECTS .ADMINISTRATION OF GEORGIA



GEORGIA'S

DE AF

1940

Published by Georgia State DepartJ.nent of Public Welfare, Sponsor
as a Report on
U. S. Work Projects Administration Official Project Number 665-34-3-90
Thomas W. Ande:r-son State Supervisor

FOREWORD
No study that entails a ~eat amount of public research can be successfully culminated by just one, or even a few individuals. Cooperation between individual workers, supervisory personnel and assistance frora the public at large must be had in order to attain the desired goal.
Appreciation for their valuable assistance is hereby expressed to the officials of the State School for the Deaf, the officials of the Georgia Deaf Association, and the Directors of the local County Welfare Departments. Acknowledgment is also made to the various sheriffs, ordinaries, ministers, school teachers, health officials, and the Post Office Department and its rural carriers for their cooperation.
The newspapers of Georgia contributed greatly to the success of the work by allotting free space in their columns for the solicitation of needed information regarding deaf persons. This and other contributions of service and information by interested and willing persons made th~s report possible.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I The Deaf CF.APTER II Location CHAPTER III Education
CHAPTER rv Occupations
SUMMARY. APPE'NDIX A
Scope and Method APPENDIX B
Supplementary Tables

Page l
3 7 11 18 24
29
33

LIST OF NARRATIVE TABLES AND C~ARTS
TABLES
CHAPTER I - THE DEAF
Table I Deaf Persons by Race and Sex Table II Deaf Persons by Aee Distribution Table III Deaf Persons by !.Tarital Status Table IV Deaf Persons by Age Deafness Occurred
Table v Deaf Persons by Cause of Deafuess by Hace
CHAPTER II - LOCATim~
Table VI Deaf Persons by Residence and Race.
CHAPTER III - EDDCATION
Table VII Deaf Persons by Type of School Attended Table VIII Deaf Persons by Length of Attendance at Deaf School by Ra~A Table IX Deaf School Training Compared to Present Occupation Table X Deaf Trained at Deaf School Compared to Present Occupation.
CHAPTER IV - OCCUPATIONS
Table XI Deaf Persons by Present Occupation of all Persons Bmployed by Race. Table XII Deaf Persons by Occupations and School Attended

Page 3 4 5
5 5
7
12 14 14 15
19 22

CHARTS

CHAPTER I - THE DEAF

Chart l Fifteen Most Frequent Causes of Deafness .

4

CHAPTER II - LOCATION

Chart 2 Deafness Per J.,000 Population.

8

Chart 3 Distribution of Counties by Deaf Persons

9

CHAPTER III - EDUCATION

Chart 4 Length Hearing School Attended

12

CHAPTER IV - OCCUPATIONS

Exhibit 1 Occupations - by sex

21

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES
Table 1 Deaf Persons by Counties and by Race and Sex Table 2 Deaf Persons by Place of Birth and County of Present Residence. Table 3 Deaf Persons by Method of Communication Table 4 Deaf Persons by Dependents in Family Table 5 Deaf Persons by Number Born Out of State Table 6 Deaf Persons by Members Immediate Family Reporting Deafness Table 7 Deaf Persons by Most Frequent Illnesses Causing Deafness Table 8 Deaf Persons by Age When Deafness Occurred. Table 9 Deaf Persons by Other Handicaps Table 10 Deaf Persons by Urban and Rural Distribution Table 11 Deaf Persons by Marital Status. Table 12 Deaf Persons by Source of Support Table 13 Deaf Persons by Education Completed Table 14 Deaf Persons by Education in Hearing School Table 15 Deaf Persons by Occupations Table 16 Deaf Persons by Occupations and by Education in Deaf School Table 17 Deaf Persons by Occupations and by Education in Hearing School. Table 18 Deaf Persons by Occupations and by Age Groups

Page 33 34 35 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 40 40 40

INTRODUCTION
In the following pages are presented the findings of the Survey of the Deaf in Georgia. The data were collected to provide the Georgia State Department of Public Welfare with the facts on which a coordinated program to aid the deaf in the State could be organized.
This report does not attempt, nor was it designed, to make recommendations for the prevention, cure or disposition of the problems existing among the deaf. Instead, it is restricted to a general survey of the number of deaf in the State, their age, marital status, education, present residence, place of birth, present occupation, etc.
In 1935, the Federal government enacted laws that provided for the matching of Federal funds with state and county funds to finance assistance to the aged, to dependent children, and to the blind. These laws are generally known as the Social Security Laws. The Georgia Legislature was quick to take advantage of this opportunity to provide aid to the State's handicapped and passed the necessary laws providing for the collection and administration of funds for this purpose. These laws were passed in 1937 and created the present State Department of Public Welfare, which directly controls all welfare activities in the State.
However, no provision for monetary assistance to handicapped deaf persons was included in the laws setting up the State Welfare Department. While it is apparent that the handicap of a blind or crippled person is more obvious, it is also apparent that a deaf person's handicap may be a great misfortune and hindrance to self-independence. Seldom, however, does a deaf person seek assistance in the form of charity, and this may explain the lack of any provisions for monetary assistance in the Social Security programs of the State and Federal govern.~enta.
But this has not meant that the Georgia Department of Public Welfare has not been fully aware of the plight of the deaf. On numerous occasions, the Governor of Georgia, the Welfare Department and other interested persons have been approached by members of the Georgia Deaf Association for assistance. These appeals have not been for monetary relief, but for the formation of a board or commission of experienced and sympathetic persons familiar with the problems of the deaf. The purpose of this proposed body would be that of (1) contacting and encouraging business officials to provide employment for deaf persons, (2) keeping a complete and up-to-date system of records on all deaf persona in the State, including information as to their health, education and employment history, and (3) coordinating the services of the State Department of Public Welfare and the Georgia School for the Deaf at Cave Spring.
Realizing the importance of such work, but being confronted with the lack of information about the deaf in Georgia, the Governor requested the Welfare Department to apply to the Work Projects Administration for a project to make a complete survey of the deaf in the State. Applicationfor the project was made in June, 1938, the project was subsequently approved, and operations were begun the following 15th of December.
The Survey was operated under the supervision of Thomas W. Anderson from December, 1938,
to November, 1939, under the general direction of l.'ilton w. Blanton, Coordinator of Research and
Statistical projects for the Work Projects Administration of Georgia.
-l -

Chapter I Tl-IE DEAF

For the purpose of this Survey of the Deaf in Georgia, a deaf person was defined as one who was at least 90 per cent deaf and used signs or lip reading instead of speech for com,1Unication.

weight by the fact that of the 334 deaf persons under 15 years of age, 75 per cent were white and 25 per cent were Negro. (See Table II.)
Thou$ it is possible that the methods used

A larger number of persons falling in this clas- to locate and enwnerate the deaf were not as ef-

sification than had been anticipated was found fective for Negroes as for white persons, equal

by the Survey, which covered every county in the State. The total number located and enumeratea was 2,358, an average of 0.8 deaf persons per 1,000 population. It had been thought that the rate would be more nearly 0.5 deaf persons per 1,000 population, or approximately 1,500 persons for the entire State. (See Table I.)
The ratio of white deaf persons to colored deaf persons was about ,lne per cent higher than the ratio of the population between the two races. Of the total number of deaf persons, 1,701, or 72.1 per cent, were white, while 657 persons, or 27.9 per cent were Negro. The ratio of white to Negro population according to the 1930 census was 63.2 per cent white and 36.8 per cent

TABLE I DEAF PERSONS BY RACE AND SEX
GEORGIA - 1939

Total

Num- Per

Sex

ber Cent

Male 1,194 50.6

Female 1,164 49.4

TOTAL 2,358 100.0

Race

White

Colored

Num.- Per Num- Per

ber Cent ber Cent

885 52 .o 309 47.0

816 48.0 348 53.0

1,701 100.0 657 100.0

efforts were exerted for both races and it is believed that this factor would not materially alter the figures. However, headway was gained toward enumeration of white deaf persons from the records of the Georgia Deaf Association,

Negro. At first thought, it might be expected that
the ratio of Negro deaf persons to the Negro

while the absence of any such organization for Negroes made enwneration of this race somewhat more dif'ficult.

population would be as great, if not greater, than for the white group, especially since the

Further substantiation of the theory that there was a larger number of white deaf persons

primary causes o~ deafness would be expected to due to survival of diseases is given in Chart 1,

show a greater incidence among Negroes. This, however, was not the case, the rate for the whites being higher. The most logical reason for the higher rate among white persons is that the white child receives better attention and medical care when certain diseases known to cause deafness are contracted. Naturally, then, the white child survives, even though handicapped with loss of hearing, whereas, the Negro

which shows the fifteen causes of deafness from illnesses most frequently reported. In the list of illnesses it will be noted that meningitis is reported 101 times, 70 times for white persons and 31 for Negroes. Catarrh is next, being reported 95 times, 83 times for white persons and only 12 for Negroes. This is a ratio of seven to one. Scarlet fever, a highly contagious disease, is reported 54 times, 49 times for whites

child does not survive - thus eliminating the and only five times for Negroes. This is a ra-

handicap. This explanation is given added tio of ten to one. White persons led the total

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for the most frequent causes of deafness by a Table 6, Number of Deaf Persons in Family.)

majority of approximately four to one. (See Ta-

Only 96 Neero families reported more than

ble 7, Appendix.)

one deaf person in the family. The largest

Of the 2,358 deaf persons enumerated,

group was 63 Negro families that reported two

1,194, or 50.6 per cent, were males and 1,164 deaf persons. One Negro family reported seven

or 49.4 per cent, were females. Here the dif- or more deaf persons. The immediate family was

ILLNESSES MOST FREQUENTLY CAUSING DEAFNESS

WHITE ANO COLOR.ED

GEORGIA - I 939

DISEASE

NUMBER PERSONS '20 40 '-0 80 100

MENINGITIS CATARRH

ABSCESS

INFLUENZA

SCARLET FEVER

MEASLES

TYPHOID FEVER

WHOOPING COUGH

PARALYSIS

l'NEUMONIA

~

MALARIA

MASTOIDITIS

i MUMPS

DIPHTHERIA

INFANTILE PARALYSIS

CHART NO.I

WMITf. , _
tlo~
0.1". "~"GS~"~.40":6!"1. ~

ference in ratio from the general population was

negligible. Of the white deaf persons, 885, or 52.0 per cent, were males and 816, or 48.0 per

cent, were females; of the Negro deaf persons 309, or 47.0 per cent, were males and 348, or 53

per cent, were females. When the enumeration was made, the question
was asked, "Are there any other deaf persons in

the innnediate :f"amily?" This was done in order

considered to be husband or wife, sons and daughters, brothers or sisters, parents and grandparents.
In comparing the marital status of deaf persons with that of the general population in the State, it was found that of the 2,358 deaf persons only 1,043, or 44.2 per cent, were either married or had been married at one time. (See Table III.) The percentage for the general population in 1930 was 67.l per cent. rt,ese figures substantiate the natural assumption that the marital rate among the deaf would be lower than that of the general population. Any seri-
TABLE II AGE DISTRIBUTION OF DEAF PERSONS
GEORGIA - 1930

Age Groups

Total Num- :Per ber Cent

White Num- Per ber Cent

Under 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19
20 to 21 22 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74
75 and Over Unknown

37 l.6

120 5.1

177 7.5

191 8.1

135 5.7

104 4.4

216 9.2

199 8.4

279 11.8

290 12.3

197 8.4

225 9.5

183 7.8

5

.2

25 l.5 94 5.5 131 7.7
125 7.3 99 5.8 69 4.1
147 8.'3 146 8.6 204 12.0 217 12.8
153 9.0
155 9.1 131 7.7
5 .3

TOTAL

2,358 100.0 1,701 100.0

Negro Num- Per ber Cent
12 l.8 26 4.0 46 7.0 66 10.0 36 5.5 35 5.3 69 10.5 53 8.1 75 11.4 73 ll.l 44 6.7 70 10.7 52 7.9
657 100.0

to gain some idea of the incidence of deafness ous handicap, such as .blindness, crippled condi-

among families. A total of 554 white families tion or deafness, often precludes economic inde-

reported more than one deaf person in the fami- pendence, and in this connection it should be

ly. The largest group, 369, was those fSlJli- considered that a large proportion of the deaf

lies with two deaf persons. There were 113 had been so since birth, or became deaf before

white families with three deaf persons, 39 white reaching a marriageable age.

families with four deaf persons, 28 white fami-

Of the total persons included in the Survey

lies with five deaf persons, three white families with six deaf persons anti two white families

1,067, or 45.3 per cent, were reported to have been born deaf. Another 401, or 17 per cent,

with seven or more deaf persons. (See Appendix reported that they became deaf before reaching

- 4-

the age of five, and 147, or 6.2 per cent, after reaching the age of five but before reaching the age o~ nine. (See Table IV.) A total of 1,794, or 76.l per cent, were either born deaf or becarae deaf before reaching the age of 20. These figures show that a great majority of persons deaf at present have been deaf most of their lives.
Disregarding those persons who were born deaf, it can be seen from Table IV that 401 persons became deaf before reaching the age of five. It would be safe to assume that a majority of these persons became deaf because of infant or childhood diseases, such as whoopingcough, scarlet fever, mumps, and measles, or
TABLE III DEAF PERSONS BY MARITAL STATUS
GEORGIA - 1939

can be seen that the 525 persons under 20 years

of age have little or no chance of employment.

There were 1,223 deaf persons in the age g~oup

of 20 to 55, or 51.9 per cent of the total numTABLE IV

DEAF PERSONS BY AGE WHEN DEAFNESS OCCURRED

GEORGIA - 1939

Age When Deafness Occurred

Number

Per Cent

Congenital Under 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 and Over Unknown
TOTAL ber. This group, it

1,067 401 147 96 83 77 49 53 95 100 73 59 30 28

45.2 17.0
6.2 4.1 3.6 3.3 2.1 2.2 4.0 4.2 3.l 2.5 1.3
1.2

2,358

100.0

is believed, possessed tht

greatest element of employability.

Marital Status

Total Num- Per ber Cent

Race

White

Colored

Num- Per Num- Per

ber Cent ber Cent

Single

1,315 55.8 944 55.5 371 56.5

Married

696 29.5 554 32.6 142 21.6

Separated

80 3.4

41 2.4 39 5.9

Widowed

267 11.3 162 9.5 105 16.0

TOTAL

2,358 100.0 1,701 100.0 657 100.0

from abscesses, meningitis, etc. In recent

years, rapid strides have been made in the care

and prevention of infant and childhood diseases

causing deafness. With increased use of audi-

ometer tests, health examinations and clinics

for the removal of bad teeth, tonsils and ade-

noids, the possibility of a general decline in

the incidence of deafness before five years of

However, it should be recalled that a great

majority of the present deaf population have

been deaf most of their lives. This of itself

would necessitate discounting somewhat the 51.9 TABLE V

CAUSE OF DEAFNESS BY RACE

GEORGIA - 1939

Cause of Hearing Loss

Total Num- Per ber Cent

White

Colored

Num- Per Num- Per

ber Cent ber Cent

Unknown

382 16.2 273 16.0 l.09 16.6

Congenital l,067 45.2

Illness

764 32.4

751 44.1 316 48.1 581 34.2 183 27.9

Accident Old Age

105 4.5 40 1.7

74 4.4 31 4.7 22 1.3 18 l. 'l

TOTAL

2,358 100.0 1,701 100.0 657 100.0

per cent mentioned above. It is obvious that

age is encouraging.

deafness occurring at birth or at an early age

It is obvious that age is an important fac- is a difficult handicap in obtaining an educa-

tor in the study of the employability of deaf tion and in learning a trade or profession.

persons. In Table II it is shown that 525 deaf

A total of 382 persons, or 16.2 per cent of

persons, or 22.3 per cent of all the deaf, are those enumerated, reported tllat they did not

under 20 years of age. It is also shown that know the cause of their deafness, while l,067

l,458 deaf persons, or 61.8 per cent, were under persons, or 45.2 per cent, stated that they were

45 years of age. With the ages between 20 and congenitally deaf. (See Table V.) It seems

55 offering the greatest chance of employment,it very probable that at least some of the 1,067

- 5-

persons who listed the cause as unknown might fall into the congenital classification if their cases could be traced. Illness accounted for the next largest number of causes for deafness. Thirty-two and four-tenths per cent, or 764 persons, gave this as the cause of their impairment. Accidents accounted for loss of hearing in 4.5 per cent, or 105 persons, while only 40 or 1.7 per cent, reported old age as the cause of their deafness. The greatest variation between white and Negro persons was illness. In this class the percentage for white persons was 34.1 and for Negroes 27.8 per cent. The regroes had a higher percentage for congenital deafness, namely, 48.1 per cent, as against 44.1 per cent

for white persons with congenital deafness. Only 403, or 17.1 per cent, of the 2,358
total deaf persons in the Survey reported handicaps other than deafness. Almost one-half, or 186 of these were listed as miscellaneous, which included such general terms as rheumatism, old age, high blood pressure and heart trouble. Forty-eight deaf persons were blind and 98 were crippled. It is quite possible that there were some persons having handicaps who were not reported. Had it been possible to have had a more thorough investigation it is also likely that a much larger number than 55 persons would have been reported as mentally deficient. (See Appendix Table 9.)

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C h a p t e r JI LOCATION

Unlike some other types of heal th surveys had an average deaf rate below that for the

which show a predominance :if certain diseases in State. Conseo.uently, if the three remaining ur-

certain sections, the Survey of the reaf in ban counties were to be treated as a separate

Georgia showed no such resi:.lt. 'rhe deaf of group a rate of 1.2' per 1,000 populE-tion would

Georgia are not strangers to e.n~ locality. They are represented in all but four of the 159 counties in the State (Schley in the lcwer middle western part of the State; Union in the extreme north_, and Ecr.ols and Charlton in the extreir.e south). However, nearly all sections of the State have counties in which there are high rates of deafness, and, at the same time, counties in which the deaf rate is low. (See Chart 2.)
Only sixteen counties have an average cf
o.e deaf persons per 1,000 population, the sru:JC

TABLE VI RESIDW-WE 01', DEAF PERSONS BY RACE
GEORGIA - 1939

Race 1f1hite Negro TOTAL

Total Num- Per ber Cent
1,701 72.1
657 27 .9
2,358 100.0

Residence

Urban

Rural

Num- Per

Num- Per

ber Cent

ber Cent

517 64.5 1,184 76.1

285 35.5

372 23.9

802 100.0 1,556 100.0

be had, or more than fifty per cent above the rnte for the entire State.

as the average for the State. A total of 99

!n the six urban counties mentioned there

counties reported an ayerage 1ess than that of were 802 deaf persons, or 34 per cent of' the

the State, while the four counties mentioned State total. These were divided into 517, or

above failed to report the presence of even one 64.5 per cent, white persons and. 285, or 35.5

deaf person. Four other counties, the Survey per cent, Hegroes. (See Table '!I.) The diver-

disclosed. had only one deaf' perscn aach.

eence in the rat1o of white to colored deaf per-

The rate of deafness for 43 counties ranged sons in the rural counties is more marked.

from O.l to 0.4 deaf persons per 1,000 popula- There were 1, 556 ri1ral deaf persons in the State

tion, and of 77 counties from 0.5 to 0.3 deaf of whom 1,184 persons, or ?6.1 p;,r cent, were

persons per l,000 population. Twenty-three white, and 372 persons, or 23.8 per cent, were

counties had a rate of 1.0 to 1.4, while seven Negro.

counties had rates ranging from 1.5 to 1.9.

The rate of the white deafness in the six

Two counties reported rates of 2.0 or higher -- urban counties vms 64. 5 per cent, while the rate

Clay and Coolr, with rates of 2.0 and 2.7 deaf of white deafness for the State as a whole was

persons per 1,000 population, respect1.vely. 72.1 per cent. This presents a lower rate of

(These rate groupings are shmm in Chart 3.)

about eight per cent for the white population in

In six predominantly urban counties, Bibb, the urban sections.

Chatham, DeKalb, Fulton, l.:uscogee and Richr.1ond,

The rate of r!egro urban deafness was 35.5

the average rate of deaf persons per 1,000 popu- per cent, while the State rate for this eroup

lation was 1.1 as compared to the lower rate of was 2"/. 9 per cent. 'l'his shows that urban Eegro

0.8 for the entire State. Three of ~chese urban deafness was nearly eight per cent higher than

counties, however, DeKalb, ltuscogee and Bibb, the State rate. On the other hand. the rate of

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DEAF

PERSONS PER 1,000 POPULATION
BY COUNTIES GEORGIA 1939

LEGEND

RATE.S Fil.OM 0.0 THROUGH o:z. ( I ]

RATE.S FROM 0 ..3 Tl-\ROUGH 0.5 ~

RATES FROM O.~ THROU6H 0.8 ~

RATES FROM 0.9 THROUGH I. I 11.ATE.S FR.OM 1.2 THROUGH 1.4 RATES J:QOM 1.5 AND OVf.R

-~
11111

II'

CHAR\ H0.'2.

white deafness in the rural counties was 76.1 per cent, which was four per cent higher than the State average, while the 23.9 per cent rate of Negro rural deafness was four per cent lower than the average Negro rate for the State. (See Table VI.)
From these comparisons it can be seen that white deafness in the urban counties was leas

er and where the per capita rate of deafness was also higher. (See. Chart 2.)
Adjoining the above two areas is the Albany area of 25 extreme south-west Georgia counties. Here we have counties similar to those in the Waycross area. Although some of the State's best agricultural counties are in this section, it is here that the highest rate of deafness in

DISTRl&UTION OF COUNTIES &Y DEAF PERSONS

PER. 1,000 POPULATION

GEORGIA- 1939

DEAF PER.SONS

NUMBER OF COUNTIES

P,.Ell 11000 POPULl'ITION

10

'20

30

40

50

o.o THA.OUGH 0.'2

II

i

0.3 THROUGH 0.5 II

O.G THROUGH 0.8

II

I

0.9 THR.OUGH 1.1 II

1.2 THll.OUGH 1.4

~

1.5 THllOUGH 1. 7 1.8 THROUGH 2.0 2.1 AND OVER..

r

I CHART N0.3

ft.U,.O,GI'\. C).f', Ci>~6343~go

than the average for the State, while the Negro rate for the same areas was higher. At the same time, the rate of white deafness in the rural areas was relatively greater while the Negro

the State is found. The combined average deaf rate for this area is 1.3 deaf persons per 1,000 population. Within the Albany area, a group of three adjoining counties (Colquitt, Brooks, and

rate was lower than the State average. However, Lowndes) each have rates of 1.7, and a fourth,

in a number of rural counties, the rate of deafness is in excess of the State rate. It is not

Cook, has a rate of 2.7 deaf persons per 1,000 population.

believed that the factors causing high rates of blindness or other health and social defects, seriously affect the rate of deafness in the

It is interesting to note that of the 2,358 persona enumerated, 277 migrated from other states and foreign countries. The bordering

different counties. As an example: the 19 counties of the Way-
cross area in the extreme southeast section of the State, where for the most part per capita wealth is low, have a combined average deaf rate of 0.4 deaf persons per 1,000 population. Thia rate, which is fifty per cent less than the average for the State, is the same as for the 18 mid-western Georgia counties in the Columbus area where per capita wealth is relatively high-

states furnished the largest number of immigrants as follows: Alabruna 67, Florida 23, South Carolina 45, North Carolina 27, and Tennessee 17. A total of 32 states and seven foreign countries, China, Holland, Canada, Germany, Greece, Jugoalavia and Poland are represented. Twenty-five persona did not know in what state they were born, (See Table 5, Appendix.)
Another factor of importance is the migration of deaf persona between counties. The Sur-

- 9-

In studying the educational attainments of the deaf, it should be realized that the education of a deaf person cannot be measured in

signs as their only means of communication. The Survey of the Deaf in Georgia enumerat-
ed 2,358 persons. In studying the educational

EDUCATION OF DEAF PERSONS

IN HEARi NG SCHOOLS

BY PERCENT WH lTE ANO COLORED

PERC.!MT

GEORGIA-1039

25C--

. . . Cl"1"
'ZS

status of the deaf, those persons under five years of age may be disregarded, since they have not reached school age. This eliminates 25 white persons and 12 Negroes from the total enu-

w

1s1 ....-=

IOI



~

r~

w
11s
~lo

merated, leaving 2,321 deaf persons over five years of age. These were divided into l,676 white persons and 645 Negroes.
Of these 2,351 deaf persons, 549, or 23.7 per cent, reported no education whatsoever. This

~5

group of 549 was divided into 274 white persons and 275 Negroes. (See Table VII.) Relatively,

I"
CM\ "M"B"-'"34'"~''S"'-90

m n n m, 4 Tit

5TM

.TH

1

M

7TM 8'TM gn1 10TM I ITM

COL"' 0

GRADE COMPLETED

LEGE

Cl-lART NO. 4-

the figure for the Negroes was much greater than the figure for the white persons, although there was a numerical difference between the two of

grades completed in school. This is especially only one person. The white persons who reported

true when the deaf person has received all his education in a deaf school. Teaching a deaf per-

TABLE VII

son, who often also cannot speak, is a complicated process. Every fact must be taught indirectly. Even in cases where the intelligence of a deaf pupil is normal or above normal, it may

TYPE OF SCHOOL ATTEHDED BY DEAF FIVE YEARS OF AGE OR OVER
GEO'-WIA - 1039

take two years to teach the material ordinarily completed in one year by a normal pupil. A person who has attended deaf school for six years or more, therefore, may have a rating, on the normal basis, of no more than one or two grades, while one who has attended for 12 years may have

Type of School

Total Num- Per ber Cent

Deaf School 1,008 43.4

Hearing School 650 28.0

Both

114 4.9

None

549 23.7

White Colored Num- Per Num- Per ber Cent ber Cent
828 49.4 180 27.9
474 28.3 176 27.3
100 6.0 14 2.2
274 16.3 275 42.6

gotten about as far as a normal child who has completed the fifth or sixth grade in "hearing school".
Despite these handicaps, the Georgia School

TOTAL

2,321 lCO.O 1,676 100.0 645 100.0

no education amounted to 16.4 per cent of the total white persons five years of age or older,

for the Deaf helps the pupil to acquire a lan- whereas, the Negroes who reported no education

guage, gives instructions in the same subjects connnonly taught in public schools, trains the

amounted to 42.6 per cent o~ the total Negroes over five years of age.

pupils in suitable vocations, and prepares a few

It may be that some of these deaf persons

promising students for college. The general aim who reported no education were not completely

of the school is to help the deaf child to ad- illiterate. A few may have learned to read and

just himself to normal society. Most of the write in some way or other, and a few may even

pupils are taught actually to speak and to read lips; others resort to 11 finger spelling" and

have learned how to speak. This is highly improbable, however, since they were handicapped

- 12 -

white deafness in the rural counties was 76.l per cent, which was four per cent higher than the State average, while the 23.9 per cent rate of Negro rural deafness was four per cent lower than the average Negro rate for the State. (See Table VI.)
From these comparisons it can be seen that white deafness in the urban counties was less

er and where the per capita rate of deafness was also higher. (See Chart 2.)
Adjoining the above two areas is the Albany area of 25 extreme south-west Georgia counties. Here we have counties similar to those in the Waycross area. Although some of the State's best agricultural counties are in this section, it is here that the highest rate of deafness in

Dl.STRl&UTION OF COUNTIES &Y DEAF PERSONS

PER. 1,000 POPULATION

GEORGIA-1939

DEAF PERSONS P,.Ell 1,000 POPULATION

NUMBER OF COUNTIES

10

'20

30

40

I

o.o THROUGH 0.'2

II

I

0.3 THROUGH 0.5

II

I

o." THROUGH 0.8

II

I

0.9 THROUGH I .I II

I. 2. TH!l.OUGH 1.4
II

1.5 TH~OUGH 1. 7 f.8 THROUGH '2..0 '2.1 AND OVER.

~

CHART N0.3

so
'N.f.A.0' GJ\.
~f'. i;.~534990

than the average for the State, while the Negro the State is found. The combined average deaf

rate for the same areas was higher. At the same time, the rate of white deafness in the rural areas was relatively greater while the Negro rate was lower than the State average. However,

rate for this area is 1.3 deaf persons per l,000 population. Within the Albany area, a group of three adjoining counties (Colquitt, Brooks, and Lowndes) each have rates of l.7, and a fourth,

in a number of rural counties, the rate of deaf- Cook, has a rate of 2.7 deaf persons per 1,000

ness is in excess of the State rate. It is not population.

believed that the factors causing high rates of

It is interesting to note that of the 2,358

blindness or other health and social defects, seriously affect the rate of deafness in the

persons enumerated, 277 migrated from other states and foreign countries. The bordering

different counties.

states fUrnished the largest number of immi-

As an example: the 19 counties of the Way- grants as follows: Alabama 67, Florida 23,

cross area in the extreme southeast section of South Carolina 45, North Carolina 27, and Ten-

the State, where for the most part per capita wealth is low, have a combined average deaf rate of 0.4 deaf persons per 1,000 population. This rate, which is fifty per cent less than the average for the State, is the same as for the 18 mid-western Georgia counties in the Columbus area where per capita wealth is relatively high-

nessee 17. A total of 32 states and seven foreign countries, China, Holland, Canada, Germany, Greece, Jugoslavia and Poland are represented. Twenty-five persons did not know in what state they were born. (See Table 5, Appendix.)
Another factor of importance is the migration of deaf persons between counties. The Sur-

-9-

In studying the educational attainments of the deaf, it should be realized that the education of a deaf person cannot be measured in

signs as their only means of communication. The Survey of the Deaf in Georgia enumerat-
ed 2,358 persons. In studying the educational

EDUCATION OF DEAF PERSONS

IN HEARi NG SCHOOLS

BY PERCENT WHITE ANO COLORED

PERCENT
75,.----

GEORGIA-1939

PU.C<o<T
'Z5

status of the deaf, those persons under five years of age may be disregarded, since they have not reached school age. This eliminates 25 white persons and 12 Negroes from the total enu-

merated, leaving 2,321 deaf persons over five

w



years of age. These were divided into 1,676

1s1

....---



~~

11s
~10

white persons and 645 Negroes. Of these 2,351 deaf persons, 549, or 23.7
per cent, reported no education whatsoever. This

~5

group of 549 was divided into 274 white persons and 275 Negroes. (See Table VII.) Relatively,

-......... ......
O.P. Moti.-34~&-90

4TM

5TH

.TM

7TH

8"14.

g...

IOT" I IT"

0 COL-

GRADE COMPLE1EO

LEGE

Cl-lART N0.4-

the figure for the Negroes was much greater than the figure for the white persons, although there was a numerical difference between the two of

grades completed in school. This is especially only one person. The white persons who reported

true when the deaf person has received all his education in a deaf school. Teaching a deaf per-

'l'ABLE VII

son, who often also cannot speak, is a complicated process. Every fact must be taught indirectly. Even in cases where the intelligence of a deaf pupil is normal or above normal, it may

TYPE OF SCHOOL ATTE!!DED BY DEAF FIV!': YEARS OF AGE OR OVER
GEO'WIA - 1039

take two years to teach the material ordinarily completed in one year by a normal pupil. A person who has attended deaf school for six years or more, therefore, may have a rating, on the normal basis, of no more than one or two grades, while one who has attended for 12 years may have

Ty::;ie of Sch::iol

Total Num- Per ber Cent

Deaf School 1,008 43.4

Hearing School 650 28.0

Both

114 4.9

None

549 23.7

White Colored
Num- Per Num- Per
ber Cent ber Cent 828 49.4 180 27.9 474 28.3 176 27.3 100 6.0 14 2.2 274 16.3 275 42.6

gotten about as far as a normal child who has completed the fifth or sixth grade in "hearing

TOTAL

2,321 lCO.O 1,676 100.0 645 100.0

school".

no education amounted to 16.4 per cent of the

Despite these handicaps, the Georgia School total white persons five years of age or older,

for the Deaf helps the pupil to acquire a language, gives instructions in the same subjects connnonly taught in public schools, trains the

whereas, the Negroes who reported no education amounted to 42.6 per cent of the total Negroes over five years of age.

pupils in suitable vocations, and prepares a few

It may be that some of these deaf persons

promising students for college. The general aim who reported no education were not completely

of the school is to help the deaf child to ad- illiterate. A few may have learned to read and

just himself to normal society. Most of the write in some way or other, and a few may even

pupils are taught actually to speak and to read lips; others resort to 11 finger spelling" and

have learned how to speak. This is highly improbable, however, since they were handicapped

- 12 -

by deafness, and it is safe to assume that most spending several years at Cave Spring. For

of them were illiterate. In other words, 23.7 these ree.sons, and others, it is impossible to

per cent of the present deaf population of the give morethan a rough approximation of the num-

State probably is unable to read, write, or ber of persons who might be eligible.

perhaps, even speak.

Vlherever age was a factor, the data con-

A total of 650 deaf persons, 474 white per- tained in the tables ;ore tabulated according to

sons and 1'76 :;egroes, reported having attended five-year age groups, which j_s sufficient for

hearing school at some time or other. 'l'his all practical purposes. Between five, the ac;e

group ar.tounted to 28.0 per cent of the deaf over nearest seven, and 24, there was a total of 727

five in the State. (See Table VII.) There v;as persons. Of these, 66 reported only hearing

very little difference between white and l:egro school, 43 reported training in both hearing and

distr:!,bution; 28.3 per cent of the white persons deaf schools, and 423 re:rorted training in a

and 27.3 per cent of the Negroes reported at- deaf school. (See Table 13, Appendix.) These

tendance at hearing school.

make a total of 532 deaf persons, which sub-

In length of time hearing school was at- tracted from the 727 between the ages of five to

tended, however, there was a great deal of cis- 24, leaves 195 who apparently are not receiving

parity between the two races. From Chart 4 it any deaf school education. Adding these 195 to

can be seen that white attendance reached a peak the 66 who reported hearing school training

at the eighth grade, while Negro attenaance only, gives 261, most of whom apparently may be

reached a peak at the second grade.

eligible for the School for the Deaf, but who

In addition to those deaf persons who re- have not reported receiving deaf school train-

ported no education or education in a hea~ing ing.

school, there was a total of 114 persons who re-

After deducting those deaf persons who re-

ported attendance at both deaf an~ hearing ported hearing school or no education, it can be

school. This group amounted to 4.9 per cent of seen that deaf school training is the most im-

the total deaf five years of age or over. (See portant single educational factor for the deaf

Table VII.) Included in the group were 100 in Georgia. Of the 2,321 deaf persons over five

white deaf persons, who amounted to 6.0 per cent years of age enumerated, a total of 1,122 re-

of the total white deaf over five years of age, ported deaf school training, or both deaf and

and 14 Negro deaf persons, who amounted to 2.2 hearing school training. While some of these

per cent of the Negro deaf over fivA years of may have attended deaf school elsewhere, un-

age.

doubtedly the majority attended the School for

From the data obtained by the Survey, it is the Deaf at Cave Spring. These persons amounted

difficult to ascertain how niany of the deaf who to 48.3 per cent of the total deaf over five

reported no education whatsoever, or education years of age. (See Table VIII.)

in a hearing school oillv, are eligible for ad-

Of these 1,122 deaf persons, 1.9 per cent

mittance to the School for the Deaf at Cave reported attendance for less than a year, 30.7

Spring. The School accepts pupils between the per cent reported attendance for from one to

ages of seven and 25,and allows them to continue four years, 42.5 per cent for from five to nine

in school for a ma..~imum of 12 years. However, years, and 23.2 per cent for from 10 to 13

there are other entrance requirements that have years.

to be met, and it is not likely that many per-

When the figures for length of attendance

sons who have passed 20 would be interested in are broken down according to race, it is seen

- 13 -

the figures in Table IX are examined from the lines. In the case of these latter, there seems

standpoint of sex of the person trained. When to be a deficiency of training in the lines

this is done it can be seen that the women which they were following, and an excess of

in certain lines of work usually followed the training in the lines they did not follow.

occupation for which they were trained. For in- Further light on the subject is throvm by the

stance, 23 of the 28 women trained to be semi- figures on what type training was received by

skilled workers in manufacturing were thus en- the 470 persons who reported having received vo-

gaged. This was a greater proportion than was cational training at the School for the Deaf.

found among the males in the same category, only (See Table X.)

60 out of 90 of whom were following this line of

Of the 17 persons who were trained in agri-

work.

culture, only five were employed at the time the

On the other hand, only 11 of the 13 women Survey was made, and only four were engaged in

trained to be domestic or personal servants were agriculture. Similarly, 14 persons had been

following this work, whereas, all nine of the trained in artcraft and home economics, but only

men similarly trained were still following their one of these persons was employed and that per-

training. Two women were working as connnon la- son was not doing the kind of work for which

borers, although none had been trained as such, trained. Also, 36 persons had been trained as

and three were working as farm operators and ia- carpenters, of whom 29 were employed, with only

borers. One woman was working in a professional ten doing carpenter work. Seventy-six persons

and technical capacity, and one was doing sales were trained as cobblers, only 49 were employed,

or kindred work, although none had been trained and only 21 were doing cobbler work. In home

for these types of endeavor.

economics, 83 persons had been trained, 24

As for the males, there was greater diver- were employed and 15 were doing home economics

gence from training than among the women. For work.

example, 18 men were working as connnon laborers

To recapitulate: 470 persons reported that

where none had been trained for this type of they had received some kind of vocational train-

work. Also six men were working in profession- ing at the School for the Deaf. Of these 470,

al and technical capacities and three were work- 206 were employed at the time of the Survey.

ing as proprietors, managers or officials, al-' This left 264 persons who had been trained, but

though none had received that kind of training who had not been able to secure work, or who did

at the School for the Deaf.

not find it necessary to work. Furthermore,

It would appear from the foregoing, that only 112 of the persons who were employed were

there was an apparent excess of training in some working at the occupations for which they were

lines and a deficiency in others. For instance~ trained. This left 94 persons who were working

forty more people than had been trained for in occupations for which they were not trained.

this type of work were classified as farm opera-

Apparently, therefore, there was an excess

tors and laborers, or as unskilled laborers. The of training in the case of those persons who

training that they did receive appears, in some formed the difference between 470 and 206, and

measure, to be an excess. This can be balanced deficiency of training in the case of those who

against the 14 persons who were working in pro- formed the difference between 112 and 206. It

fessional, technical, proprietary, managerial, should be borne in mind, however, that the 94

official, sales, or skilled capacities, but who persons who apparently had a deficiency of

did not receive vocational training in these training may have changed occupations of their

- 16 -

own accord, in order to better their economic status. This was undoubtedJ.y true for some, but

for the persons who were working as common laborers, this could hardly have been the case.

- 17 -

tions, 192, or 42.8 per cent were Skilled and employed. This percentage rose to 80 for the

Semi-skilled Workers or Foremen in Manui'actur- group between 30 and 39, remained the same for

ing. Balanced against this was the fact that 244, or 92.4 per cent, of the 264 Negroes in the

the 40 to 49 group, dropped to 73 per cent for the ages between 50 and 59, and descended sharp-

same five classifications were in the three low- ly to 32 per cent when 60 atid over was reached.

est classifications -- Unskilled Laborer, Do- This apparently shows a sharp decrease in em-

mestic and Personal Service Workers, and Farm ployment possibilities after age 40 for the

Laborers and Operators.

males.

The data obtained by the Survey make possi-

For the females, eleven per cent of the

ble a study of the relationship of employment group between 20 and 29 were employed, 30 per

status to such items as age, age when deafness cent of the group between 30 and 39, the same

occurred, means of communication and education. for the 40 to 49 group, a rise to 33 per cent

EJ<JJibit l shows these relationships graphically, for the 50 to 59 group and a sharp decrease when

through a series of four bar charts. It must be 60 and over was reached.

borne in mind, however, that a casual relation-

Apparently, then, there was not as much em-

ship between the two factors concerned in each ployment among the females as among the males,

chart is not always certain. That there is a regardless of age, but among the females who

high relationship between a person's educational were employed, there was a longer period of pos-

achievement and his chances of employment does not necessarily mean that education per se is the sole factor involved, though it may be the

sible employment. Whereas, the males showed a
drop after age 50, the drop for the females did not begin until age 60.

largest contributing factor .. The initial abil-

The second Chart shows the relationship be-

ity of the individual to profit by his education tween age when deafness occurred and employment

undoubtedly also influences his chances of get- status, according to sex. This Chart apparently

ting employment. In this, as in other cases, shows the best employment possibilities,for both

beneath each of the factors being correlated may males and females, when deafness occurred be-

be an underlying common factor which affects tween the ages of 12 and 18. This appears en-

both of them. It is with this reservation, tirely logical when it is considered that a per-

therefore, that Exhibit l is discussed.

son who became deaf between those ages would

The first Chart indicates the relationship have had an opportunity to learn to speak and

of age to employment status, according to sex. to acquire an elementary or high school educa-

The 830 employed persons enumerated by the Sur- tion in a hearing school, and yet would have had

vey were divided into 616 males and 214 females. several years in which to adjust himself to his

It is apparent from this Chart that the best em- changed circumstances before seeking employment.

ployment possibilities for the males were found

For the males, 49.7 per cent of those who

between the ages of 30 to 50, while for the fe- became deaf under two years of age were em-

males it extended from 30 to 60. The employment ployed. This seems a high percentage, consider-

peak for the males extended from 30 to 49 on the ing the handicap, but it should be remembered

Chart, but for the females the peak employ- that this takes no account of the type of em-

ment percentage was reached at the 50 to 59 age ployment. Of those males who became deaf

group.

between the ages of two and eleven, 56.4 per

The Chart indicates that 70 per cent of the cent were employed. This percentage rose to

deaf males between 20 and 29 years of age were 74.6 per cent for those who became deaf between

- 20 -

EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF TME DEAF

SY SE'l<.

GE.OR.GIA- 1939

IN RELATION TO:

AGE

AGE W~E.N DEAFNESS OCCURRED

PER CENT EMPLOYED
~M~
20THRouGH
29 YEARS OLD~ (

PR. CE.NT E.MPLOYE.O
~ ~tA.AtA1'AA LESS THAN
j 2 YEARS OLD

~~ t M~ 30 THROUGH
39YEARSOLD~~ (

t II YEARS OLD~

~

~AAA.MM~
40THRouGH

~ MM~~AJ
SO THROUGH
. t, ~ 59 YEARS OLD~ tt~
jd I i . ' f\f\'1\.4. 60 YEA.RS OLD:;;
4 AND OVER ~
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION USED
PER. CENT EMPLOYE.D
MOTIONS & WRITING

~Atk A~ 19 YEARS OLD

~ ~ AND OVER

..

HIGHEST LE.VE.L OF SCHOOL WORK REACHED
PER CENT EMPLOYE.O

SIGNS OR MANUAL

OR.l.L

EXHIBIT I

EACH FIGURE REPRESENTS 10 PER CENT

SUMMARY

The findings of the Survey of the Deaf in total of 401 persons, or 17 per cent, of the

the State of Georgia are summarized as follows:- persons enumerated beca.~e deaf before reaching

There were found to be 2,358 deaf persons the age of five. A majority of these persons

in the State. Of this figure, 1,701, or 72.l suffered deafness as an aftermath of some child-

per cent, were white persons, and 657, or 27.9 hood disease or illness.

per cent, were Negroes. This compared with the

The causes of deafness were reported as

1930 census figures which gave the State's popu- follows: 45.2 per cent congenitally deaf; 32.4

lation as 63.2 per cent white persons and 36.8 per cent deaf because of illness; 4.5 per cent

per cent Negroes.

deaf because of accidents; 1.7 per cent deaf be-

The Survey disclosed that there were deaf cause of old age; 16.2 per cent cause of deaf-

persons in every county of the State with the ness unknown.

exception of four. The average of deaf persons

Only 17.l per cent of the persons enumerat-

throughout the State was 0.8 persons per 1,000 ed reported some additional handicap. It is

population.

possible, however, that this figure would have

The average rate for the six urban counties been increased had it been possible to give a

in the State (Bibb, Chatham, DeKalb, Fulton, complete physical and mental examination to each

Muscogee and Richmond) was 1.1 deaf persons per
1,000 population. In these six urban counties,
~
34 per cent of the entire number of deaf persons

person enumerated. A total of 650 persons, or 27.6 per cent
reported more than one deaf person in the fami-

in the State was found.

ly. Of these, 554 were white persons and 96

The percentage of urban deaf persons who were Negroes.

were white was nearly eight per cent lower than

It was found that 44.2 per cent of the per-

the percentage for the State as a whole; the sons enumerated were, or had been married, com-

urban ~egro percentage was nearly eight per cent pared to 67.l per cent for the general popula-

higher than the State Negro percentage. On the tion according to the 1930 census.

other hand, the percentage of rural deaf persons

There was found to be considerable migra-

who were white was four per cent greater than tion of deaf persons from the county of their

the percentage for the State as a unit, while birth to some other county, and also from other

the Negro percentage was four per cent lower. It was found that 22.3 per cent of all the

states and from foreign countries. Of the 1,676 white deaf persons five years

deaf persons were under 20 years of age, and of age or more, 84.4 per cent reported some edu-

that 62 per cent were under 45 years of age. cation. Of the 645 Negro deaf persons five

Persons who reported themselves as having been born deaf comprised 45 per cent of the total

years of age or more, only 57.7 per cent reported some education. A total of 928, or 55.2 per

number of deaf persons. Those persons who be- cent of the white deaf persons over five years

came deaf before reaching the age of 20 amounted of age reported attendance at a deaf school for

to 75.6 per cent of the total number. This percentage, of course, includes those born deaf. A

less than one to 15 years. Only 194, or 30 per cent of the Negro deaf over five years of age

- 24 -

reported attendance at a deaf school. Of the 1,122 deaf persons, both white and
Negro, who reported attendance at a deaf school, 32.6 per cent attended for less than five years, 42.5 per cent for five to nine years, and 23.6 per cent for ten years or more. In the Negro classification, 42.2 per cent attended less than five years as against 30.9 per cent for white persons.
Between the ages of five and 21, some 449 deaf children, or 22.3 per cent reported no education. Of the 169 Negro children in the same age limit, 46.l per cent reported no education. Of the total number of deaf persons enumerated in the Survey, 59.7 per cent reported that they could communicate by manual or sign language or by signs and speech.
A total of 607 deaf persons, 555 white and 52 Negroes, reported some vocational training. These amounted to 25.3 per cent of the total deaf persons. Of this group of 607 persons, 470 had received their training in a school for the deaf. Slightly less than one-fourth of those trained for future work in a deaf school, however, reported employment in the trade for which they had been instructed. For those who were trained in other than a deaf school, 46 per cent

were employed in the trade for which they had prepared themselves.
Only a little more than one-third of the total deaf persons enumerated in the Survey were reported as. being employed. Of the 2,358 deaf persons in the State, the percentage employed was 35.3 per cent, while 64.7 per cent of the total deaf persons reported no employment. The employed group covered 123 different occupational activities. Farm operators and laborers was the largest single occupational group.
As a general rule, a high percentage of the uneducated deaf reported employment, but those who reported a high school or more advanced stage of education had better opportunities for employment.
The Survey of the Deaf was designed to compile statistics regarding the number and status of deaf persons in the State of Georgia which it is hoped will be of practical value to the State Department of Public Welfare in any future
progra.~.
Those who initiated and conducted the project felt that recommendations and suggestions for improvement in education or other matters of benefit to deaf persons were not within the scope of the study.

- 25 -

Appendix A SCOPE AND ME T~OD

SCOPE AND METHOD

This Survey, designed to include inforrna- "Moved", "Out of state", "Deceased", "Unknown",

tive data on all deaf persons living in the etc.

State, was planned and conducted by the Work

A list of possible deaf persons was then

Project9 Administration of Georgia, and utilized prepared for each county in the State, and these

the services of a number of persons from the re- names were furnished to each area supervisor for

lief rolls. Many of these persons had had expe- the counties in his respective area. Upon be-

rience in other surveys of this type and were familiar with the procedure. Data were obtain~d

ginning work in a county, the supervisor contacted all newspapers and secured their coopera-

on all deaf persons irrespective of age, race, tion in carrying free publicity for the project.

sex, or financial condition. The location of All civic-minded persons and public officials

the deaf was the primary step in the census, as including sheriffs, ordinaries, postmasters,

is true in all censuses of like nature when lit- ministers, school teachers and health officials

tle is known about the group in question. Due were interviewed. Valuable assistance in the

to a prohibitive cost it was not possible to form of names and addresses of deaf persons was

make a house-to-house canvass.

received from them. The area supervisor fur-

Prior to the initiation of the project it nished each county worker with a complete list

had been estimated that there were from 1,200 to of those persons in the county thought to be

1,500 deaf persons in the State. This.was based deaf. All new names were checked to avoid any

upon the knowledge that in the Georgia School possibility of duplication.

for the Deaf at Cave Spring, 265 white and Negro

The procedure just outlined would appear to

children were enrolled, and that, in addition, be sufficiently effective for a project of this

some 800 persons were covered by the records of type. However, from past experience it was

the Georgia Deaf Association and a preliminary found that in some urban areas more intensive

census taken at their July, 1938, convention. efforts were necessary. For example: the names

This brought the known number at the beginning of all the persons enumerated in Atlanta were

of the Survey to about 1,100 deaf persons.

plotted on a city map. It was then found that

All records at the School for the Deaf as in many sections of the city only a few deaf

far back as 1870 were eAamined first. The names persons had been enumerated.

of former students were obtained; these, togeth-

A map divided into census tracts was se-

er with those names secured at the 1938 conven- cured and each tract showing all streets and al-

tion for the Deaf at Macon, presented a list of leys was drawn on a card. Each enur.ierator was

approximately 2,000 persons available for possi- assigned a census tract with the names and ad-

ble enumeration. A form letter was then mailed dresses of the deaf persons already enumerated.

to every person on this list which requested the Each enumerator was explicitly instructed to

names of all deaf persons known to them. Veri- call at every fourth or fifth house and to work

fication of their own names and addresses was each section thoroughly. In this way a great

also asked. Hany new names were secured in this many deaf persons were located. A similar pro-

manner, although, as expected, several hundred cedure was used in Jtiacon, Savannah and Augusta

of the letters were returned for such reasons as with very gratifying results.

- 29 -

Appendix B SUPPL EMENTAR.'t' TABLES

TABLE l COUNTY OF RllSIDF:NCE OF DEAF PERSONS BY RACE, BY SEX AJ!D BY RATE PER l,000 POPULATION
GEORGIA - 1939

County

White

Nogro

Pop. Total

Total

Fe- Total

Fe-

1930 Deaf Rate v~'hi te Hale male ltegro t:ale male

Appling Atkinson Bacon
Baker Baldwin

13,314 6,894 7,055 7,818
22,878

8 .6
3 .4 4 .6 5 .6 13 .6

83 5

3 3

4 2 2

2 l

l

6

l

5

3

3

7 4 3

Danks

9,703

2 .2

2

l

l

Barrow

12,401

22 1.8

21 13 8

l

Bartow

25,364

17 .8

15 8 7

2

2

Ben Hill 13,047

14 1.0

14 7 7

Berrien

14,646

16 1.1

15 5 10

l

Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan

77 ,042 9,133 6,895
21,330 5,952

50 .6 6 .7 3 .4
36 1.7
l .2

25 16 9

3 3

2

2

28 9 19

l

l

25 15 10

3

l

2

l

l

8 5 3

Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun
Camden

26,509 29,224
9,345 10,576
6,338

10 .4 13 .4
7 .7
9 .9 2 .3

10 6 4

5 4 l

3 l

2

4 2 2

8 4 4

4

l

3

5 4 l

2 l

l

Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton
Cl>.atham

8,9~1
34,272 9,421 4,381
105,431

7 .B 30 .9
3 .3
108 1.0

7 4 3

28 13 15

3 l

2

69 28 41

2

2

39 19 20

Chatta 'chee 8,894

Chattooga 15,407

Cherokee 20,003

Clarke

25,613

Clay

6,943

2 .2 22 1.4
13 .6 17 .7 14 2.0

2 l

l

22 12 10

13 7 6

10 l

9

64 2

7 3 4 8 6 2

Clayton Clinch
Cobb
Coffee Colquitt

10,260 7,015
35,408 19,739 30,62Z

5 .5 2 .3 35 1.0
5 .3 55 1.8

3l 2

2 l

l

29 18 ll

4 2 2

53 30 23

2

2

6 3 3

l

l

2 2

Columbia
Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp

8,793 11,311 25,127
7,020 17 ,343

5 .6 31 2.7 23 .9
9 1.3 14 .8

2l l

:;;5 13 12

14 8 6

5

3

2

11 5 6

3 2 l

6

3

3

9 3 6

4

l

3

3

l

2

Dade
Dawson
Decatur DeKalb Dodge

4,146 3,502 23,622 70,278 21,599

7 1.7 3 .9 25 1.1 48 .7 15 .7

5 5 3l 2 21 7 14
42 22 20 84 4

2

2

4

4

6

4

2

7 3 4

Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols

18,025 22,306
9,461
18,::?73 2,744

2 .1 28 1.3
6 .6 21 l.l

2

l

l

10 6 4

6 5 l

10 8 2

18 8 10
11 3 e

Effingham Elbert Emanuel
Evan a
Fanni~

10,164 18,485
24,101 7,102
12,96S

8 .8 15 .8 14 .6
l .1
3 .2

4l 3
10 s 2
12 7 5

3

2

l

4 3 l

5 4 l

2

2

l

Fayette Floyd Fotsyth Franklin
Fulton

8,665 48,667 10,624 15,902 335,220

5 .6 51 1.0
5 .5 7 .4
433 1.3

4 2 2
42 25 17 5 3 2 6 4 2
2'71 136 135

l

1

9

6

3

l

l

162 66 96

Gilmer Glascock Glynn
Gordon
Grll<iy

7,344 4,308
l~,400
16,846 19,200

4 .5 3 .7
4 .2
12 .7 13 .7

4 2 2

3

3

2

2

12 7 5

7 3 4

2

2

6 4 2

Greene Gwinnett F.aberaham Hall Hancock

12,610 27,853 12,748 30,313 13,070

14 1.1 25 .9
8 .6 26 .9 lo .0

(l

4

5

22 12 10

8 5 3

26 15 11

7 3 4

5

2

3

3 2 l

3 2 l

Haralson Harri a l!Art l!eard Henry

13,263 11,140 15,174
9,102
15,924

6 .5 5 .4
4 .3 5 .5 12 .8

6 2 4

3

l

2

3

3

5

2

3

~

6

3

2

2

l

l

l

2

IIl'.:luston Irwin Jackson
Jasper
Jf'tff Davis

11,280
12,199 21,609
8,594 B 118

3 .3 17 1.4
8 .4 6 .7 5 .6

2 l

1

15 6 9

6

3

3

l

l

5

3

2

l

l

2 1 l

2 l

l

5 2 3

County

White

Negro

Pop. Total

Total

Fe- Total

Fe-

1930 Deaf Rate White Male male Negro W.ale t:'l&le

Jef:ferson Jenkins Johnson Jones
Lamar

20,727 12,908 12,601
8,992 9,745

7 .3
2 .2 6 .5 7 .0 5 .5

5

2

3

2

l

l

6 3 3

4

l

3

4 l

3

2

2

3

l

2

l

l

Lanier Laurens
Lee Liberty Lincoln

5,190 32,693
8,328 8,153 7,847

2 .4 7 .2
9 1.1 5 .6 8 1.0

2 l

l

2

l

l

4 4

2

2

5 3 2

5 5

5 3 2

3 l

2

3 l

2

Long Lowndes Lumpkin
Macon Madison

4,180 29,994
4,927
16,643 14,921

4 1.0 52 1.7
4 .8 3 .2 6 .4

4

2

2

46 30 16

4 4

3 3

6 l

5

6 2 4

Marion McDuffie
Mcintosh Meriwether Miller

6,968 9,014
5,763 22,437
9,076

2 .3 7 .8 B 1.4
5 .2
5 .6

l

l

4 2 2

l

l

l

l

2

l

l

l

l

3

3

7 2 5

4 l

3

3

l

2

Mitchell Monroe Montgomery lforgan Murray

23,620 11,606 10,020 12,488
9,215

20 .8 9 .8 2 .2 4 .3
14 1.5

17 9 8

4

3

l

2

l

l

2

2

13 10 3

3

2

l

5 3 2

2

2

l

l

Muscogee Newton
Oconee
Oglethorpe Paulding

57 ,558 17,290
8,082 12,927 12,327

39 .7 5 .3 5 .6
7 .5
l .l

26 17 9

l

l

l

l

3

3

l

l

13 8 5

4 l

3

4

4

4 4

Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk

10,268 9,687
12,522 10,853
25,141

5 .5 13 1.3
lo .e
2 .2 17 .7

2l l 13 8 5
10 5 5 2l l
15 9 6

3l 2 2l l

Pulaski Putnam Quitman
Rabun Randolph

9,005 8,367 3,820
6,~31
17,174

7 .0 5 .6 4 l.O 10 1.6
12 .7

3

3

3l 2

10 5 5 8 3 5

4 4 2 2 4 22
4 2 2

Riohlnond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole

72,990 7,247
5,~47
20,503 7,369

124 1.7 4 .6
11 .5 5 .7

84 30 54

10 7 3

l

l

40 18 22

4

4

l

l

4 3

Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter
Talbot

23,495 11,740 11,114 26,BCJO
8,458

17 .7 10 .9
8 .7
9 .3 2 .2

13 6 7

10 5 5

7

3

4

8 5 3

4

2

2

l

l

l

l

2

2

Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell

6,172 15,411 10,617 14,997 18,290

3 .5 13 .8 13 1.2
8 .5
20 1.1

l

l

11 4 7

12 6 6

6

3

3

10 6 4

2

2

2

2

l

l

2

2

10 6 4

Thomas Tift Toombs
Towns Treutlen

32,612
16,068 17,165
4,346 7,488

30 13

..e9

9 .5

2 .5

2 .3

20 11 9

12 5 7

7 4 3

2 l

l

2 2

10 6 4

l

l

2 l

l

Troup Tumor Twiggs Union
Upson

36,752 11,196
8,372
6,340 19,509

23 .6 10 .9
3 .4
5 .3

16 9 7

8 2 6

2

2

5

3

7 4 3

2

2

l

Walker V/alton
?!are '.'larren Washington

26,206 21,118 26,558 ll,181 25,030

14 .5 18 .9 29 l.l
6 .5
17 .7

14 7 7

16 8 8

20 11 9

l

l

13 9 4

2 2
93 6
5 4 l 4 2 2

Wayne

12,647

5 .4

5 23

Webster

5,0~2

l .2

l

l

Wheeler

9,149

2 .2

2 l

White

6,056

4 .7

3 3

l

l

r/11itf1old 20,808

12 .6

12 7 5

V11lcox Wilkes
Wilkinson Worth
TOTAL

13,439

6 .4

?.

l

l

15,944

7 .4

6 4 2

10,844

ll 1.0

9 8 l

21.094

9

2,358

.4
.e

8 1,701

4 885

4 816

4 l

3

l

l

2 l

l

l

l

657 309 348

- 33 -

County

Total Living
in County

Appling

8

Atkinson

3

Bacon

4

Baker

5

Baldwin

13

Banks

2

Barrow

22

Bartow

17

Ben Hill

14

Berrien

16

Bibb

50

Bleckley

6

Brantley

3

Brooks

36

Bryan

l

Bulloch

10

Burke

13

Butts

7

Calhoun

9

Camden

2

Candler

7

Carroll

30

Catoosa Charlton

-3

Chatham

108

Chattahoochee

2

Chattooga

22

Cherokee

13

Clarke

17

Clay

14

Clayton

5

Clinch

2

Cobb

35

Coffee

5

Colquitt

55

Columbia

5

Cook

31

Coweta

23

Crawford

9

Crisp

14

Dade

7

Dawson

3

Decatur

25

DeKalb

48

Dodge

15

Dooly

2

Dougherty

28

Douglas

6

Early Echols

-21

Effingham

a

Elbert

15

Emanuel

14

Evans

l

Fannin

3

Fayette

5

Floyd

51

Forsyth

5

Franklin

7

Fulton

433

Gilmer

4

Glascock

3

Glynn

4

Gordon

12

Grady

13

Greene

14

Gwinnett

25

Habersham

8

Hall

26

Hancock

10

Haralson

6

Harris

5

Hart

4

Heard

5

Henry

12

Houston

3

Irwin

17

Jackson

8

Jasper

6

Jeff Davis

5

Total Born and Living
in County
7 2 l 4 6
2 11 13
7 ll
22 6 l
17 l
6 ll
5 6 l
5 21
l -
48
2 10 10 12 10
4 l 6 4 23
3 13 14
9 8
5 3 15 10 12
l 17
2
-14
6 ll
9 l 3
5 19
4 7 130
3 l 2 8 10
7 17
6 18
4
4 3 3 5 10
2 13
7 6 2

TABLE 2 PRESENT RESIDENCE OF DEAF PERSONS
BY PLACE OF BIRTH GEORGIA - 1939

Total Born in County
13 2 3 5
11
7 11 25
7 19
45 7 l
25 3
16 18 ll
9 2
6 27
3 l 58
3 ll 21 28 13
7 4 26 14 33
16 17 25 15 12
6 4 23 17 15
8 20
5
-18
7 15 ll
5 6
12 25 12 12 155
6 5 2 15 18
12 30
9 31 19
13 14
7 10 18
9 14 26
9 4

Net Gain or Loss

-5 + l
- + l
+ 2

5
-+ ll 8
-+ 7 3

-+ 5 l
+ 2
-+ ll 2

---

6 5
4 --

+
+

l 3

- -l

+ 50

-l -+ ll
8

- ll
+ l

--

2 2

-+ 9 9

+ 22

- ll
--+ 14 2 6
+ 2

-+ l l
+ 2
- + 31 -6
+ 8 + l
- + 3

- + l
+ 3 4
-- 3
-7 --+ 26
7 5 +278
-- 2 2
--+ 2 3 5

+ 2

---

5 l
5

-9

-- 7

---

9 3 5 6

-6
+ 3

-- 18 3 + l

--
County

Total
Living in County

Jefferson

7

Jenkins

2

Johnson

6

Jones

7

Lemar

5

Lanier

2

Laurens

7

Lee

9

Liberty

5

Lincoln

8

Long

4

Lowndes

52

Lumpkin

4

Macon

3

Madison

6

Marion

2

)!oDuf"fie

7

Mcintosh

8

Meriwether

5

Miller

5

Mitchell

20

Monroe

9

Montgomery

2

Morgan

4

Murray

14

Muscogee

39

Newton

5

Oconee

5

Oglethorpe

7

Paulding

l

Peach

5

Pickens

13

Pierce

10

Pike

2

Polk

17

Pulaski

7

Putnam

5

Quitman

4

Rabun

10

Randolph

12

Richmond

124

Rockdale Schley

4 -

Screven

ll

Seminole

5

Spalding

17

Stephens

10

Stewart

8

Sumter

9

Talbot

2

Taliaferro

3

Tattnall

13

Taylor

13

Telfair

8

Terrell

20

Thomas

30

Tift

13

Toombs

9

Towns

2

Treutlen

2

Troup

23

Turner

10

Twiggs Union

3 -

Upson

5

Walker

14

Walton

18

Ware

29

Warren

6

Washington

17

Wayne

5

Webster

l

Wheeler

2

White

4

Whitfield

12

Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson
W rth GRAND TOTAL

6 7 11 9 2,358

Total Born and Living
in County
6 2 5 5 3
-
5 5 4 7
l 22
3 -
6
2 5 6 4 5
10 8 l 2
10
15 5 5 7 l
l 11
l 2 8
6 4 4 8 9
56
3 -
10 3
6 8 8 7 2
2 7 9 8 13
8 7 5 2 l
8 7
3 -
l
10 12 11
5 14
l l l 4 5
3 5 8 5 1,232

- 34 -

Total Born in County
13 5
10 11 10
l 12
7 7 12
2 31
4 4 10
4 ll ll 15
6
15 16
3 10 14
23 13
7 12
7
2 12
3 7 12
9 12
7 12 16
66 9 2
19 6
10 11 15 15
5
3 12 12 11 23
15 16
5 2 l
14 8 5 4 9
16 18 14 10 23
2 4 l 9 6
10 12 12
9 2,069

Net Gain or Loss

-----

6 3 4 4 5

+ l
5
-+ 2 -- 2
4

-- - ++

2 21

l

4

--

2 4

3

-- 10 l

--+ 5 7
-l 6

-+ 16

---

8
2 5 6

+ 3 + l
-+ 7 5
+ 5
-- 2 7
--- 3 2
4

---+ 58 5 2
-8 l

--+ 7

l

--

7
6 3

+ l + l
3
-- 3

-+ 15 3
-+ 4
+ l

+ 9
--+ 2 2
-4 4
- -2 --+ 15
4 6

+ 3 3
-+ l -5
+ 6

---

4 5
l -

+289

TABLE 3 .ABILITY TO SPEAK ~ TYPE OF SCHOOL ATTENDED
GEORGIA - 1939--c.

Method Of Speech

Total None

Attended School

for

At-

the for the tended

Deaf Hearing Both

Manual

1,067 289

698

39

41

Oral

728 134

33

540

21

Motions

165 113

23

27

2

14aJiUal-Oral 398 36

254

58

50

~0'.!:AL

2,358 572 1,008

664

1!4

LiE Rea<Ung 908 133

506

188

81

TABLE 4 DEAF PERSONS WITH DEPENDENTS
GEORGIA - 1939

Dependents in Family

Total

sli o:r

Race Families One Two Three Four Five More

White

355 157 63 65 40 11

19

Colored

131 77 32 10 4 1

7

TOTAL

486 234 95 75 44 12

26

TABLE 5 DEAF PERSONS BORN OUT OF STATE
GEORGIA - 1939

Place of Birth

Total

Vlhite Negroes

Georgia Alabama Florida South Carolina North Carolina Tennessee Other States Foreign Countries Not Ascertainable

2,081 67 23 45 27 17 65 8 25

1,479

602

56

11

17

6

29

16

22

5

17

58

7

8

15

10

TOTAL

2,358

1,701

657

TABLE 6 MEMBERS IMMEDIATE FAMILY REPORTING DEAFNESS
GEORGIA - 1939

Deaf Persons in Family

Total

Seven

Race Families Two Three Four Five Six or More

White

554 369 113 39 28 3

2

Colored

96 63 17 11 1 3

1

TOTAL

650 432 130 50 29 6

3

Cause

TABLE 7 FIFTEEN MOST FREQUENT CAUSES OF DEAFNESS, BY RACE AUD SEX
GEORGIA - 1939

Total White and
Colored

Total

White Male

Race

Female

Total

Meningitis

101

70

37

33

31

Catarrh

95

83

36

47

12

Abscess

80

69

34

35

11

Influenza

55

42

21

21

13

Scarlet fever

54

49

27

22

5

Measles

50

43

17

26

7

Typhoid fever

37

25

19

6

12

Whooping-cough

29

28

10

18

1

Paralysis

16

9

9

7

Pneumonia

15

11

9

2

4

Malaria

13

9

1

8

4

Mastoiditis

12

10

3

7

2

Mumps

12

11

1

10

1

Diphtheria

9

9

2

7

Infantile paralysis

9

6

3

3

3

TOTAL

587

474

229

245

113

TABLE 8 AGE WHEN DEAFNESS OCCURRED, BY RACE AND SEX
GEORGIA - 1939

Age When Deafness Occurred

Total White and
Colored

Total

White Male

Female

Total

Born Deaf

1,067

750

391

359

317

Under 5

401

331

169

162

70

5 to 9

147

103

58

45

44

10 to 14

96

54

27

27

42

15 to 19

83

67

29

38

16

20 to 24

77

52

27

25

25

25 to 29

49

36

15

21

13

30 to 34

53

41

24

17

12

35 to 44

95

62

24

38

33

45 to 54

100

72

42

30

28

55 to 64

73

56

35

21

17

65 to 74

59

36

25

11

23

75 and over

30

17

7

10

13

Unknown

28

24

12

12

4

TOTAL

2,358

1,701

885

816

657

- 35 -

Colored Male
12 6 6 7 2 3 6 1 5 2
1 1
3
55
Colored Male
146 30 16 24 11 12 7 5 17 14 6 16 4 1
309

Female
19 6 5 6 3 4 6
2 2 4 1
58
Female
171 40 28 18 5 13 6 7 16 14 11 7 9 3
348

Other Handicaps
Deaf only Blind Crippled Blind and crippled Miscellaneous handicaps Mentally deficient Blind and mentally
deficient Crippled and mentally
deficient Blind, crippled, and
mentally deficient
TOTAL

TABLE 9

DEAF PERSONS WITH OTHER HANDICAPS

- BY RACE AND SEX

GEORGIA

1939

Total

Total

White Male

Race Female

1,955 48 98 6
186 55
4

1,404

729

675

28

15

13

59

34

25

4

1

3

171

94

77

28

11

17

3

-

3

5

3

1

2

1

1

-

1

2,358

1,701

885

816

Total 551 20 39 2 15 27 l 2
657

Colored Male
261 13 18 1 6 9
-
1

Female
290 7
21 1 9 18
1
1

309

348

TABLE 10

URBAN AND RURAL UISTRIBUTION OF DEAF PERSONS BY AGE GROUPS
GEORGIA - 1939

Age Groups by Years

Total Total White Colored

Urban* Total White Colored

Rural** Total White

Under 5

37

25

12

12

7

5

25

18

5 to 9

120

94

26

35

29

6

85

65

10 to 14

177

131

46

56

36

20

121

95

15 to 19

191

125

66

41

18

23

150

107

20 to 21

135

99

36

33

22

11

102

77

22 to 24

104

69

35

21

9

12

83

60

25 to 29

216

147

69

78

47

31

138

100

30 to 34

199

146

53

78

56

22

121

90

35 to 44

279

204

75

95

60

35

184

144

45 to 54

290

217

73

143

101

42

147

116

55 to 64

197

153

44

67

46

21

130

107

65 to 74

225

155

70

82

50

32

143

105

75 and over Unknown

183

131

5

5

52-

59

34

2

2

25-

124

97

3

3

TOTAL

2!358 1,701

657

802

517

285

1,556 1,184

-;:.
**

Includes Includes

Bibb, Chatham, DeKalb, all other counties,

Fulton,

Muscogee,

and

Richmond

Counties.

Colored
7 20 26 43 25 23 38 31 40 31 23 38 27
372

TABLE 11

MARITAL STATUS OF Dl!:AF PERSONS BY AGE GROUPS AND RACE
GEORGIA - 1939

Age

Total

White

Groups White &:

Di- Wi- Sep-

(Years) Colored Total Single Married vorced dowed arated

Under 5 5 to 9
10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 21 22 to 24 25 to 29
30 to 34

37 25

25

120 94

94

177 131 131

191 125 121

135 99

89

104 69

54

216 147

95.

199 146

78

---
2 9 15 52 62

---1 --

-------

5

1

--2 ----

35 to 44

279 204

87

103

6

5

3

45 to 54

290 217

69

117

1 21

9

55 to 64

197 153

50

79

3 14

7

65 to 74

225 155

31

75 &: over 183 l.31

16

66 48

-1 54 67

3 -

Unknown

5

5

4

1

Colored Di- Wi- Sep-
Total Single Married vorced dowed arated

12

12

26

26

-46

46

66

64

36

34

35

26

69

41

1 2 6 26

----

---
2

1 -
3 -

53

31

11

2

3

6

75

33

23

2

9

8

73

27

21

1 15

9

44

11

70

16

52

4

19 25
8

--1 11 26 39

2 3 1

TOTAL

2,358 1,701 944

554

17 162

24

657 371

142

6 105

33

- 36 -

TABL<: 12 SOURCE OF SUPPORT BY AGE GROUP AHD RACE

Age Groupa White and Negro Total

Own Earn- Rela-
inga tivea

White Other

Relatives
and Other

Own
and Other

own
and
Relatives

Total

Own
Earn- Helaings tives

Ne ro Other

Tielatives
and Other

0Tm
and Other

Own
and Re l a tives

Under 5

37

25

2

23

12

ll

l

5 to 9

120

94

5

88

l

25

6

20

10 to 14

177

131

9

120

l

l

46

18

23

4

l

15 to 19

191

125

3

10

98

13

l

66

6

13

32

13

2

20 to 21

135

99

13

7

67

10

2

36

7

9

13

3

4

22 to 24

104

69

20

5

34

7

3

35

ll

4

9

l

8

2

25 to 29

216

147

47

12

58

25

5

69

23

7

24

9

6

30 to 34

199

146

57

17

53

2

12

5

53

22

5

13

12

l

35 to 44

279

204

80

19

76

5

17

7

75

42

4

19

5

5

45 to 54

290

217

95

23

72

3

ll

13

73

36

l

25

l

7

3

55 to 64

197

153

64

24

46

5

9

5

44

17

4

12

8

3

65 to 74

225

155

25

28

82

7

10

3

70

14

9

39

2

3

3

7 5 and Over

183

131

ll

28

78

10

4

52

l

12

33

2

3

l

Unknown

5

5

4

l

TOTAL

2,358 l,701

415

189

899

120

44

657

179

92

273

7

75

51

Race

Age Group

Total

Hearing School

TABLE 13 EDUCATIOIT CO!!PLETED BY DEAF PERSONS BY RACE AND AGE GROUPS
G"RGIA - 1939
Grade Completed in Hearing School lat 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th llth College

Hearing

and Deaf'

Deo.1'

School School Only

Hone

Vr'hite Under 5

25

5 to 9

94

6

5 3

2

10 to 14

131

ll

2

3

5

3

l

l

1

2

7

15 to 19

125

10

1 2233311

2

1

9

20 to 21

99

5

2

3

J.

3

4

1

1

l

l

12

22 to 24

69

10

2

2 2 3

l

l

3

l

5

25 to 29

147

19

2 44 4 233 31

l

6

3

17

30 to 34

146

21

1 2 2 4

46 43

4

3

12

35 to 44

204

52

4

3

6

3

6

5

8 12

l

6

7

4

13

45 to 54

217

61

4

3

6

8

4

6

4 10

3

5

7

16

15

55 to 64

153

73

2

5

4

8

9

8

4

9

2

4 10

ll

3

65 to 74

155

103

3 6 11 17 7 8 4 19 4

2 10

14

2

75 and Over 131

103

41318 913 4 10 8 2

6

7

ll

2

Unknown

5

1

1

White Total

1,701

474 28 46 60 62 48 47 48 69 18 26 56

66

100

Negro Under 5

12

5to9

26

lo to 14

46

5

2 4

l

15 to 19

66

10

5 4 3 1 2 l

6

20 to 21

36

5

3 1

2

l

22 to 24

35

4

l

l

l

l

25 to 29

69

16

1l 52322l

l

30 to 34

53

14

2

5 l

l

3

l

l

35 to 44

75

22

7542l 4

l

45 to 54 55 to 64

73 44

32

2

6

8

6

2

5

l

l

l

19

2 3 3 4 5 2

l

2

2 l

65 to 74

70

28

6 7 57

l

1

1

l

l

75 and Over

52

21

1 10 5 3 l

l

Unknown

25

39

47

09

24

83

23

7l

ll

47

7

94

17

101

12

107

32

111

30

51

26

26

24

5

21

4

828

299

12

6

20

28

12

25

25

18

12

17

14

28

24

19

20

18

34

8

31

6

18

6

35

l

30

llegro

Total

657

GRAND TOTAL 2, 358

176 20 42 38 31 21 10 15 5 l

3

l

3

650 48 88 98 93 69 57 63 74 19 29 57

69

TABLE 14 EDUCATION IN DEAF SCHOOL OF DEAF PERSONS BY RACE AND AGE GROUPS
GEORGIA - 1939

14

160

287

114

l,008

586

Race White
White Negro

Age Group
Under 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 21 22 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 and Over Unknown
Total
Under 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 21 22 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 and Over Unknown

Number of Years Attended

Deaf' Under

Thlr-F'our-1"11-

Total School One One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve teen teen teen N.A.

25

94

41 2 24 10

4 .1

131

96 l 14 12 17 14 14 16

7

l

125

92 3 10 10

4 6 54

3 17 12 ll

4

3

99

83 5 3 4

4 5 66

7 13 7 ll

5

5 2

69

52 2 4 2

2 4 28

l

5 l3

2

13 2 l

147

lll 2 8 5

3 6 5 7 17 12 5 11

9

18 l

l

l

146

113 l

4 6

3 4 7 9 11 15 11 16

9

15 l

l

204

120 l

4 8

6 6 7 8 18 12 10 15

5

13 3

2

2

217

126

7 8

4 9 4 8 16 14 7 17

14

16

2

153

54

3 2

2 5 35

9

8 54

2

3

l

2

155

28 l

l 3

l

2

l 3

6

6

l

2

l

131

7

l

2

2

2

5

5

l

l

l

1,701

928 18 83 70 51 64 55 76 95 105 58 88

51

88 9 2 3 12

12

26

6

4 2

46

29

5 4

I)

4

3 2

3

66

31

5 4

l

l

4 2

4

4 23

l

36

19 l

2

2

4

2

l

2

2

3

35

17

l l

2

l l

l

4 2

4

69

29 l

2 l

2

l

4 4

2

4 5l

l

l

53

19

l 3

l

2 42

l

l

l l

l

l

75

19

3 3

l

l

6 2

l

2

73

10

2 l

l

l 2

2 l

44

7

l

l

l

l

2 l

70

7

l

l l

l

l

2

52

l

l

none
25 53 35 33 16 17 36 33 84 91 99 127 124
773
12 20 17 35 17 18 40 34 56 63 37 63 51

Negro Total

657

194 3 25 20 18 14 25 lB 13 19 13 9

5

9 l

2

463

GRAND TOTAL 2,368 l,122 21 108 90 69 78 80 94 108 124 7l 97

56

97 10 2 3 14 1,236

- 37 -

TABLE 15

OCCUPATION OF DEAF PERSONS - BY RACE AND SEX GEORGIA - 1938

Occupation Professional and Technical

TOTAL White and
Colored 26

Total
25

White Male 14

RACE

Female

Total

ll

l

Colored Male Female l

Dermatologist

l

Dietitian

l

Lawyer

l

Minister

2

Nurse

2

Pharmacist

2

Physician

l

Research Chemist

l

Teacher
u. s. Gas In&Rector

14 l

Proprietors, Managers & Officials

26

Broker

l

Drug Store Operator

l

Gin Operator

l

Hotel Proprietor

l

Ice Plant Manager

l

Managers - Farmers' Exchange

l

Merchant

l

Milliner

2

Pool Room Operator

l

Restaurant Proprietor & Operator

2

Rooming House Operator

5

Saloon Keeper

l

Upholstery Shop

2

Vendor

4

Wood Yard

l

_ Wrecking Companr

l

Ottice Workers

14

Auditor

l

Bookkeeper

l

Clerical Worker

10

Typist

l

Typo6!".apher

l

Salesmen and Kindred Workers

15

Broom Salesman

l

Collector

l

Distributor

l

Newsboy

2

Saleslady

3

Salesman

7

Skilled Workers and Foremen

18

Boiler Shop

l

Bottling Plant Inspector

l

Brick Mason

l

Electrical Contractor

l

Electrical Welder

l

Electrician

5

Fireman

l

Paint Contractor

l

Painter

l

Paint Mixer

l

Plumber

l

Sign Painter

l

Tanner

2

Skilled Workers ~adnuFfoarcetmuerinng-

61

Assembler - Cars

7

Auto Mechanic

ll

Blacksmith

3

Cabinet Kalter

5

Carpenter

17

Casket Maker

l

Compositor

l

Linotype Operator

8

Marble Cutter

2

Mechanic

l5

Metal Worker

l

Miller

l

Mu.l.tigraph Operator

l

l
l -
2 2

l --
2 -

l --
2

2

2

l

l

l

l

14

6

8

l

l

24

17

7

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l 2

l -

2

l

l

2 5

2 -

5

l

l

2

2

4 --

4 --

--

14:

9

5

l

l

l

l

10

5

5

l

l

l'

l

12

10

2

-
l -
2 2

-
l -
2 -

----
2

7

7

15

15

-

-l -

--l

--

l

l

l

l

5

5

l

l

l

l

l

l

l -

-l

-

l

l

2

2

56

53

3

7

7

ll

ll

2

2

-

5

5

17

17

l

l

l

l

8

6

2

2 --
l l

2 --
l -

---
l

l

l

2

2

l

l

l

l

3

2

l

l- l-

l -
l

l --

l

3

3

l

l

l

l

l

l

5

5

l

l

3

3

l

l

- 38 -

TABLE 15 (CONT 1D)

OCCUPATION OF DEAF PERSONS - BY RACE AND SEX GEORGIA 1939

Occupation

TOTAL White and
Colored

Semi-skilled Workers-Manuf'acturing 151

Awning Repairer

1

Baker

1

Bed Maker

1

Bicycle Shop

1

Bookbinder

1

Bundle Wrapper

2

Butcher

1

Collar Maker

1

Paper Cutter

1

Park Caretaker

1

Peanut Grader

1

Pressing Club

2

Printer

26

Sanding Machine Operator

1

Scarf' Making

l

Seamstress

31

Shoe crobbler

22

Shoe Factory

6

Textile Worker

39

Tie Maker

2

Toy Maker

4

Truck Driver

2

Turpentine Operator

2

Woodcraft

l

Unskilled Laborers

153

Grave Digger

1

Junkman

1

Laborer - General

72

Laborer - Sawmill

10

Machine Operator

3

Nurseryman

1

Odd Jobs

60

Shoe Shine

2

Turpentine Worker

2

Quarr;yma.n

1

Domestic and Personal Service

107

Barber

8

Beautician

6

Caf'e Helper

1

Cook

6

Dish Washer

3

Domestic

32

Housekeeper

8

Janitor

10

Jani tress

1

Laundress

1

Laundry

2

Porter

1

Waitress

2

Washwoman

26

Farm Laborers - Operators

241

Dair;yma.n

2

Farmer

95

Farm Laborer

142

Farm Share-cropper

2

Total
136 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 26 1
27 19
6 37 2
4
2
55 1
28 4 3 1
17
l
35 8 6
2 8 7
1 1
2
167
1 83 81
2

W:!a;1 Male 91 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
24 1
19 6
27 1 4 2
50
l 28
4 1 15
1 16
8
7
1
153 1
83 67
~

RACE

Female 45

Total 15

l

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

27

4

3

10

2

1

2

1

5

98

1 44
6 3

2

43

2

2

19

72

6

1

6

3

2

30

8

3

l

l

1

1

2

26

14

74

1

12

14

61

Miscellaneous

18

11

10

1

7

Beggar Delivery Boy Fisherman Florist Fur Trapper Jailer Peddler Prize Fighter
Unknown
Total Em11lozed Total Unemployed

2

2

1

1

3

3

l 2

2

2

l

1

1

1

1

l

1

6

4

4

2

1

l

1

1

1

830

550

438

112

280

1,528

1,151

447

704

377

TOTAL

2,358

1,701

885

816

657

- 39 -

Colo~ed
Male Female

10

5

1

1
1 4
3 2

2

1

92

6

1 44
6

37

6

2

2

8

64

l 6
3 30

3 1

1 1

26

49

25

1

12

36

25

6

1

3 l

1

1

l

178

102

131

246

309

348

TABLE 16

Total

None

OCCUPATION OF DEAF PERSONS BY EDUCATION

ATTAINED IN DEAF SCHOOL

GEORGIA - 1939

Years Attended

n er

Thir-Four-Fif- Col-

One One Two Three ?our ~"ive Six Seven Eight N1J:l.~__ '!'_~_1'!__gl_E?.Y~l'l:_ '!'_,~elve ~E3en teen teen lege

N.A.

None

1,528 822 13 37 69

54 53 52 58

54

77 43 57

29

53 5

Professional & Technical Proprietors, Managers

26 13

l l

2

l l

l

" l

and Off'icials Office Worlcers Salesinen and

26

17

1

14

6 1

2

-2

l

2

l

l

Kindred Workers Skilled Workers

l.S

8

3

2

and Foremen Skilled Workers &: Fore-

18

8 l

2

3

men - ManufacturL'lg Semi-slrilled Workers -

61 13

2 3

2 4

7

8 4

4

3

l

l

Manufacturing
Unskilled Laborers Domestic and

151 26 1 3 3

3

153 102 1 l 3

3

5 13 14 18 11 22

9 4

5

5 42

9

14

l

9

l

l

2

Personal Service

107 64 1 3 l

2 44

7

3 23

5

6

l

l

Fa.rm Laborers-Operators

241 147 5 5 7

6

9 8

13

10

3 5

2

6

l

l

4

Miscella!leous

17 10

2

l

2 l

l

Unkno\m

l

l

TorAL

2,358 1,237 24 102 93 69 73 82 95 105 127 70 99

54

99 10

2

3

l

13

1.rotal

None

l,528

Professional and Teclmical 26

PPoprietors, Managers

and Officials

26

Office Worlters

14

Salestien and

Kindred Workers

15

Skilled Workers

and Foremen

18

Skilled Worlrnrs and Fore-

men - Manufacturing

61

Semi-skilled Worlters -

Manu!'acturing

151

Unskill.ed Laborers

153

Domestic and

Personal Service

107

Farm Laborers - Opera.tors 241

Miscellaneous

l 7

Unknown

l

TOTAL

2,358

~:0:1e
1,045 6
11 4
11
44
117 103
67 168
9 l
1,592

rABLE 17 OCCUPATION OF DEAF PERSONS BY EDUCATION
ArrAINED rnHEARING SCHOOL
GEORGIA - 1939

Grades Gom.J2.leted lst 2ncl 3rd 4th 5th Gth 7th 8th

32

66

64

52

38

35

39

41

1

l

2

2

1

l

1

2

l

2

l

3

2

2

3

l

2

3

3

4

4

7

2

3

3

l

3

6

11

9

7

4

4

3

3

3

4

l

6

5

9

2

5

5

12

17

11

3

3

12

l

3

l

l

2

48

88

98

93

70

56

64

73

9th 10th lltn College N.A.

15

20

43

36

2

l

2

13

3

4

2

4

3

2

l

l

l

3

2

l

l

l

l

2

2

2

l

l

2

l

19

29

58

67

3

TABLE 18 OCCUPATIO!T OF DEAF PERSONS BY AGE GROUPS
GEORGIA - 1939

Occupation

ASl:.e 0:: Total Under 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-21 22-24 25-29 30~34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-0ver N,A,

None Professional and Teclmical Proprietors, Managers
and Officials Off'ice Workers Salesmen and
Kindred Workers Skilled Workers
and Foremen Skilled Workers and Fore-
men .. Manuf'actur1ng
Zemi-skilled Workers 1:anufacturlng
Unskilled Laborers Domestic and
Personal Service Farm Laborers - Operators Miscellaneous
Unlmown

1,528 26
26 14
15
18
61
151 153
107 241
17 1

TOTAL

2,358

37 120 170 154

95

52 106

92 131 128

98 175

l

2

4

2

l

2

6

3

2

3

l

l

4

2

7

6

3

4

3

3

l

l

3

2

2

2

4

2

2

l

2

12

l

2

3

10

9

10

18

4

3

7

9

29

32

29

26

13

5

5

11

B

25

17

31

25

22

6

2

6

3

8

9

14

21

26

13

4

3

24

13

14

31

21

40

34

29

24

3

l

7

2

2

2

l

37 120 175 193 134 104 21? 198 280 290 196 227

166

4

2

l

l 3
l 8

182

:;

- 40 -