Rules and regulations for the control and protection of state highway rights-of-way adopted by State Highway Board of Georgia [1958]

RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE CONTROL AND PRO'fECTION
OF STATE HIGHWAY RIGHTS-OF-WAY
Adopted by STATE HIGHWAY BOARD OF GEORGIA
Adopted April 12, 1951 Effective April 18, 1951 Amended March 11, 1952 Revised March 25, 1958 Effective April 28, 1958

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page List of Piates ------------------------------------------------- __ ---------------------------- 2 Foreword --------------_---------------------_________________________.__________________________ 4 Article I, Rules ________________________ -------------------- ------------------------------ 5 Preface to Article II, Section 1 ------------------------------------------------ 11 Article II, Regulations:
Section 1, Driveway Regulations ----------------------------------- ____ 14 Section 2; Overhead Utilities, Pole Line Regulations________ 23 Section 3, Underground Utilities, Regulations for
Underground Installations __________________________________ 25 Section 4, Grading and/ or Landscaping________________________________ 28 Section 5, Drive-In Theater Regulations ------------------------------ 30 Section 6, Spur Tracks ---------------------------------------------------------- 31 Section 7, Bridge Attachments by Government Agencies____ 33 Explanation of Plates ------------------------------------------------------------ ---- 34 Frontage Requirement for Tractor-Drawn Semi-Trailers______ 52
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LIST OF PLATES

ENTRANCE PLATES

Plate Number

Page

1. Information Required on Plan Submitted with Application ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36

2. Illustrating Provisions Prohibiting Use of Rightof-Way-Urban and Rural ------------------------------------------------ 37

3. Fifty-Foot Frontage-One Driveway-Urban ______________ 38

4. Grading and Drainage for Filled-in Entrances-Rural 39 4A. Sections Pertinent to Plan Shown on Plate No. 4__________ 40

5. Plan and Profile-Embankment Section-RuraL__________ 41

6. Entrance with Open Ditch Barrier--Rural ________________ 42 7. Encroachment on Intersections-Urban ________________________ 43

8. Encroachment on Intersections-Rural ________________________ 44

9. Encroachment on Intersections-Rural ________________________ 45

10. Adequate Sight Distance ___ ________________ ___________________________ 46
11. Adequate Sight Distance __ _____ ___ _____ _____________________________ 47
--
12. Divided Highway-Turning Lane-Right-of-Way for Sight Improvement -----------------------------------------~------------ 48
13. Fronting on Speed-Change Lanes-Rural or Urban___ 49
14. Divided Highway-Rural ___ _____ ____ _______________________________ 50
15. Service or Frontage Road ________________________________________________ 51

PLATES DEPICTING TRACTOR-DRAWN VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS

T-1. Sixty-Foot Right-of-Way-Rural ---------------------------------- 54

T-2. Eighty-Foot Right-of-Way-Rural ----------------------------- 55 T-3. One-Hundred-Foot Right-of-Way-Rural ____________________ 56

T-4. One-Hundred-Thirty-Foot Right-of-Way-Rural ________ 57

T-5. Eighty-Foot, Four-Lane Street-Urban________________________ 58

T-6. Eighty-Foot, Four-Lane Street with Added Parking

Lanes-Urban ___________ ______________________ ___ ________________ ____

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PLATES SHOWING TYPICAL ENTRANCES FOR DRIVE-IN THEATERS

Plate Number

Page

D-1. Typical Plan of Access, Separate Entrance and

Exit Lane, Symmetrical ------------------------------------------------ 60

D-2. Typical Plan of Access, Multiple Access Route____________ 61

D-3. Typical Plan of Access, Multiple Access, Entry and Exit on Separate Route ______________________ -------------------------- 62
D-4. Typical Plan of Access, Special Entry Storage ____________ 63
D-5. Typical Plan of Access, Narrow Type (Divided)________ 64

D-6. Suggested Entrance-Exit Design ---------------------------------- 65 D-7. Entrance Plan, Two-Lane Access Road _______________________ 66

D-8. Entrance Plan, Two-Lane Access Road-Similar Volume Each Direction _____________________ ___ ________________________ 67

D-9. Entr~nce Plan, Three or More Lane Access RoadLeft Turn Prohibited _______________________ ___________________________ 68

D-10. Entrance Plan, Three or More Lane Access RoadLeft Turn Permitted _____________________________________________________ 69

D-11. Exit Plan --------------------------------------------- _-------------------------- 70
D-12. Acceleration and Deceleration Lanes for Drive-In Theater~O-Mile Per Hour Highway ---------"-------------- 71
D-13. Acceleration and Deceleration Lanes for Drive-In Theater-50-Mile Per Hour Highway ____________________________ 72

D-14. Acceleration and Deceleration Lanes for Drive-In Theater-60-Mile Per Hour Highway ______________ __________ 73

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FOREWORD The laws of Georgia provide that the State Highway Board shall designate, construct, maintain and operate the State Highway System of roads. The lands obtained for rights-of-way shall be held inviolate for public highway purposes and shall be preserved as such by proper protection against the appropriation of said lands for uses other than those for which they were procured. No deed shall be issued or act allowed to alter the title of the State to the said lands for public highway purposes. Reasonable rules and regulations for uniform management and control of State highway lands, rights-of-way, roadways and their appurtenances are hereby adopted and promulgated as being necessary in the public interest.
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ARTICLE I
RULES
SECTION 1. PERMIT FORMS
Applications for permits shall be submitted on proper form, Application and Permit, to be supplied by the Field Division Engineer in charge of State Highway matters in the territory concerned. The entries on the application shall conform to the instructions contained in the form.
SECTION 2. DEFINITION OF QUAliFIED APPliCANT AND DESIGNATION OF PLACE OF FiliNG
Applications for permits under these rules will be accepted only from a political entity, an individual, partnership or corporation, or other body recognized by law as owning all or the major interest in the property abutting the highway right-of-: way, or the proposed facility, which will be principally affected by the performance of the work covered by the permit. Such qualified pe1;son or body will hereinafter be referred to as the Applicant. Applications will be filed with the Field Division Engineer in charge of State Highway Department matters in the territory concerned, who will be hereinafter referred to as the Field Division Engineer.
SECTION 3. PROVISIONS OF PERMIT DEFINED
The provisions of any permit granted under these Rules and Regulations shall be construed as regulatory and not as contractual. No interest or right of an Applicant shall be transferred to another except by written consent of the State Highway Department. No inherent or retained right or privilege belonging to any abutting property owner is affected, interfered with or abridged through or because of these regulations or any permit issued thereunder, nor is the State of Georgia or the State Highway Department responsible for any damage claim which may arise as between the Applicant and any property owner concerning said right-of-way or its occupancy or use.
SECTION 4. REVOCATION OF PERMIT
Any permit granted by the State Highway Department according to these Rules and Regulations shall be revocable at the pleasure of said Department. In the event that any facilities, after construction, become dangerous, unsafe or a nuisance to
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the traveling public using the highways, or in the event that such facilities should create any unreasonable interference with the proper use of the highways by the. Department or the traveling public, or in case it becomes necessary to use all the rightof-way to widen the existing roadway or to construct service roads or to make any other revisions in location, alignment or grade of the roadway, making the approved entrance plan impractical, hazardous or otherwise objectionable, the permit for same may be revoked. Provided, however, that in the event the right to revoke said privilege as herein provided is exercised, the Applicant will be given thirty (30) days written notice prior to such revocation.
SECTION 5. LIABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY OF RECIPIENT OF PERMIT
Applicants to whom permits may be granted shall at all times indemnify and save harmless the State Highway Department, the State of Georgia and any political subdivision thereof from responsibility for any damages or liability arising from the installation, construction, maintenance, repair, operation or use of any pole line, surface or subsurface structure or other facility and the Applicant agrees to move or relocate any pole, wire, surface or subsurface structure or other facility erected or constructed under provision herein granted, when ordered to do so by the State Highway Department, without regard to the type of highway construction or maintenance work involved.
SECTION 6. PRIVATE DRIVEWAYS
Private driveways twenty (20) feet in width or less, measured at right angle to the driveway, shall not require a permit. A permit shall be required for any driveway greater than twenty (20) feet in width and the provisions governing commercial entrances shall be applicable. No work shall be started on a proposed private driveway or roadway until the State Highway maintenance patrolman of the area in which the planned entrance is located has been contacted and has viewed the entrance site, preferably with the owner of the property. The maintenance patrolman will advise the Applicant regarding the size pipe required under the driveway and approve the grading plan from the outer edge of the shoulder of the road to the right-of-way line. The grade from the edge of the pavement to the outer edge of the shoulder shall slope downward from the edge of the pavement at a rate of not less than one quarter (%,) inch to one (1)
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foot and not greater than one (1) inch per foot. The plan of the private driveway and its construction shall conform to the grades indicated above and to the instructions issued by the maintenance patrolman.
SECTION 7. COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES
No commercial entrance or exit shall be constructed to intersect with and cross the right-of-way line of any State highway until a permit is first obtained for such entrance or exit. The installation and operation of the entrances and exits shall be governed by Regulations contained in Article II, Section 1, a copy of which shall be made a part of the approved permit.
SECTION 8. USE OF RIGHT-OF-WAY FOR PARKING, STORAGE, BUSINESS, ETC. PROHIBITED
The use of any part of the right-of-way of any State highway for regular and repeated storing, or parking of any vehicle or vehicles, or the use of any part of the right-of-way for regular and repeat~d standing of a vehicle or vehicles while being serviced, refueled, repaired, adjusted or being used to conduct sales, trades or other business is prohibited. Roadside stands, service stations, businesses, recreational and entertainment places shall be so placed and laid out that all parking, servicing or viewing areas are entirely removed from the right-of-way of any State highway.
SECTION 9. UTILITIES ENCROACHMENT
It shall be the general policy of the Department that no facility of a utility owner will be installed within the limit-ofaccess lines of limited-access highways subsequent to acquisition of rights-of-way for the highway, except for crossings of the highway by the most direct route and in an acceptable manner. Where public utility crossings or service installations are necessary in critical areas, such as interchanges, channelizations, etc., they shall conform with the esthetic surroundings without introducing traffic hazards, reducing safe sight distances, or interfering with routine maintenance. Where frontage roads exist, or are planned, public utility facilities may be installed only in the area between the frontage road and the outer right-of-way lines. The absence of frontage roads will not affect the policy of prohibiting public utility facilities within the control-of-access areas of limited-access highways. All waivers or proposed digres-
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sions from the policy regarding public utility facilities on limited~ access highways shall have the approval of the State Highway Engineer, and no encroachment by any utility owner will be allowed before issuance of an approved permit, on a limitedaccess highway.
SECTION 10. POLE LINES
No telephone, telegraph, electric light, or power poles shall be planted, or erected upon any part of the right-of-way of a State highway until written permission from the State Highway Department has first been obtained. The installation and operation of pole lines shall be governed by Regulations contained in Article II, Section 2, a copy of which shall be made a part of the approved permit. No additional permits will be required for normal maintenance of existing lines or replacement of poles installed under permit previously issued by the State Highway Department.
SECTION 11. UNDERGROUND INSTAllATIONS
No pipe, conduit, cable, sewer, drain or subsurface installation or structure of any description shall be placed in or under the roadbed or within the right-of-way lines of any State highway, except by written permission of the State Highway Department. The installation shall be governed by the Regulations contained in Article II, Section 3, and a copy of pertinent regulations shall be made a part of the approved permit.
SECTION 12. PERMIT REQUIRED TO DISTURB RIGHT-OF-WAY SOILS AND PLANTS
No person or persons shall dig up, disturb or alter the land surface, or the roadway surface, or plant any material for landscape purposes within the right-of-way of any State highway until a special permit in writing has first been obtained from the State Highway Department (See Article II, Section 4).
SECTION 13. DAMAGE TO, OR REMOVAL OF, STATE PROPERTY
No person, firm or corporation shall remove, injure, tamper with, destroy, break or deface in any way, any sign placed by the State Highway Department, or injure, destroy, break, deface or tamper with any part of any bridge or structure erected within the right-of-way lines by the State Highway Department, or cut,
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destroy, injure, remove, or damage any tree, shrub or other growing thing in or upon the rights-of-way of a State highway, except as provided in these regulations.
SECTION 14. DRIVE-IN THEATER ENTRANCE AND EXIT
No driveway for entrance to or exit from drive-in theaters, to be connected with State highways, shall be constructed until a written permit for such driveway has been granted in writing by the State Highway Department. All installations for drive-in theaters shall be governed by Regulations contained in Article II, Section 5, a copy of which shall be made a part of the approved permit.
SECTION 15. PERMIT FOR TRACK CROSSING
No railroad, logging road, tram road or tracks of any description shall be laid along or across a State highway until permission in writing has been given by the State Highway Department. The installation, construction, maintenance and operation of such tracks shall be under permit duly issued in accord with Article II, Section 6, a copy of which shall be made a part of the approved permit.
SECTION 16. PERMIT REQUIRED FOR MOVING LARGE OBJECTS ON OR ACROSS ANY STATE HIGHWAY
No house or structure or other large object that would obstruct or interfere with free traffic movement shall be moved along or across any State highway except by written permission from the State Highway Department, and when deemed necessary by said Department the movement of any such object shall be made only under protection and traffic control of officers of the Georgia State Patrol, the sheriff or police officers of a county or municipality, according to the proper jurisdictional control.
SECTION 17. UNLAWFUL TO ERECT SIGNS ON RIGHT-OF-WAY AND AT LOCATIONS WHICH INTERFERE WITH VISIBILITY
Sections 95-2002 and 95-2006, Georgia Code 1933, prohibit the erection and maintenance of signs of any description except route markers, direction or warning signs, within the right-of-way lines. No such sign shall be erected on other lands adjacent to
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a State highway, in such location or position as would obstruct the view of drivers to any part of the highway ahead or behind, or obstruct the full view to any official guiding, warning or controlling sign officially erected on the highway.
SECTION 18. PROHIBITING ERECTION OF ANY STRUCTURE ON RIGHTOF-WAY
No fence, building, shed or any other structure fixed or portable shall be erected or placed on any land within the right-ofway lines of a State highway.
SECTION 19. STORAGE OF MATERIALS ON RIGHT-OF-WAY PROHIBITED
No logs, lumber, cordwood, other material or produce shall be placed upon the roadway or shoulders of any State highway. No such material or produce shall be placed within the right-of-way lines of any State highway without permission from the State Highway Department, nor shall any such material or produce be so placed on any adjoining lands in such way that drainage of the roadway or its ditches shall be obstructed.
SECTION 20. MAIL BOX LOCATION
Mail boxes shall be so placed as not to interfere with traffic, maintenance or drainage of the State highways, and when requested by the State Highway Department, such mail-boxes shall be relocated or reset as may be designated by the Department.
SECTION 21. UNLAWFUL TO LITTER RIGHT-OF-WAY
Act No. 96 (Georgia Laws, 1955, pp. 198-199) states that "any person who throws or deposits trash, garbage, or other substance upon the public roads or right-of-way or other public property shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor", etc.
SECTION 22. INSTALLATIONS NOT COVERED
Special installations not covered by specific regulations contained herein shall have pertinent provisions prepared governing the installation, which shall be approved by the State Highway Engineer before issue of permit.
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PREFACE TO ARTICLE II, SECTION 1 The information contained herein is intended primarily as a guide for persons responsible for preparing or reviewing plans for commercial entrances.
A. PLAN.
1. The plan submitted by the Applicant should be complete and accurate for the following reasons:
(a) To permit an intelligent review by the Reviewing Engineer who most often is not personally familiar with the details of the location of the proposed entrance.
(b) To furnish the individual held responsible for inspection of the construction of the entrance dimensions, distances, angles, etc., in sufficient detail to give a clear and accurate understanding of work to be accomplished; eliminating the possibility of misunderstanding between the inspector and the owner or contractor.
(c) To serve as an accurate file record for possible future reference: in determining what construction was authorized and approved.
2. No application shall be approved until such a plan has been submitted. The Field Division Engineer may assist the Applicant in preparation of the plan when personnel is available for this purpose; however, the Applicant is responsible for providing an accurate and complete plan.
The following is information which should be shown on the plan. (See Plate No. 1).
(a) Numbers and/ or names of all highways and roads which appear on the plan. The designation "county road" on a cross road is insufficient since this does not identify the particular road.
(b) Width of existing roadway pavements. (c) Distance from edge of pavement to side ditch and direction of flow in the ditch. (d) Distance from center line of highway or road to rightof-way line. (e) Location of property lines. (f) Length of frontage. (g) Location of existing and proposed pumps, buildings, grease and wash racks, etc.
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(h) Proposed width of entrance driveways. (i) Angles of proposed driveways with highway. (j) Distance from drive to property line or corner, measured along right-of-way line. (k) Distance between driveways measured along right-ofway line. (l) Proposed radii of all curves. (m) Location and size of any existing cross drain or side drain pipes or culverts and direction of flow within such structures. ( n) Location, size, length and direction of flow of any proposed pipes. or culverts. ( o) Distance between fuel pump foundations and right-ofway line. (p) Location of rural entrance site with respect to nearest town or intersecting named or numbered road or highway. Location of urban entrance site by naming cross streets bracketing the project. ( q) North arrow. (r) Scale in feet per inch. (s) Title showing name of owner of property and county in which project is located. (t) Any additional information necessary to, present a picture of the site, such as sight distance if this is a feature, or difference in elevation between highway and right-of-way line if the difference will result in a six percent or greater grade on the entrance drives, etc.
B. SITE INSPECTION.
1. Experience has proven that almost every entrance site presents special problems and conditions which can only be resolved in a satisfactory manner by a site inspection. It may be truthfully stated that almost every entrance requires a "tailor~ade" pattern to produce a design eliminating hazardous aspects or costly maintenance features and incorporating features which conform to proposed future development of the highway.
2. Drainage, sight distance, topography, proper access, circulation and exit, characteristics of vehicles which will use the :facility, existing pavement design and traffic, and planned or probable future roadway revisions are some of the items

which must be considered if entrances are properly designed. 3. The Department representative should secure all available
information on probable or planned revisions to street or highway in the vicinity of the entrance site previous to the site inspection. The design plan should be based on known or reasonably assured future revisions. Involved are pavement widening, right-of-way widening, curb construction, grade change, etc. In urban areas or areas adjacent to urban areas where an uncurbed two-lane roadway exists and where it is reasonable to anticipate the installation of a wider pavement within a few years, it is generally advisable to locate the entrance curbing twenty-two (22) feet from the center line of the highway or
street. 4. When an entrance design incorporates features based upon
anticipated future plans and developments, such as widened pavement, increased right-of-way, channelized intersections, setback for acceleration or deceleration lanes, right-turn lane at intersection, etc., a copy of such plans should be forwarded to the State Road Design Engineer of the State Highway Department and to the city or county agency responsible for planning. These plans are in addition to the four required for normal distribution with permit.
C. INSPECTION.
1. The State Highway maintenance patrolman or other State employee made responsible for observing and inspecting the construction of an entrance has no authority to authorize or permit any deviation from the approved plan. He shall inspect the project at sufficient intervals to be able to detect any deviations from plans, note any inferior work or the use of unsatisfactory materials within the right-of-way in time to permit correction before considerable additional work has been accomplished. In case the permittee fails to correct deviations before accomplishing additional work, the person responsible for inspection shall immediately notify the Field Division Engineer, or his designated representative, of the situation. The Field Division Engineer shall take the action considered necessary to secure conformance with the approved plan.
2. Upon completion of the project the inspector shall return the green form and plan to the Field Division Engineer with a signed statement on application that the project was completed in accordance with the attached plan on date noted.
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ARTICLE II
REGULATIONS
SECTION 1
DRIVEWAY REGULATIONS FOREWORD
The purpose of these rules and regulations is to provide maximum protection to the public through the orderly control of traffic entering and leaving the highway; to make ingress and egress as safe as possible to the traveling public and to those who patronize the roadside commercial establishments ; to prevent hazardous and indiscriminate parking adjacent to the roadway surface and to insure uniform design and construction of driveways on State rights-of-way and to encourage beautification of property frontage.
These rules and regulations should not be applied to the through traffic roadways of freeways and limited-access thoroughfares. They are, however, applicable to the frontage or service roads used in conjunction with limited-access thoroughfares.
These rules and regulations are based on studies of traffic movement conducted by the State Highway Department of Georgia and from analysis of entrance and exit control practices of other State highway organizations and the Committee on Traffic of the American Association of State Highway Officials.
1-1. SPECIFIC PURPOSE OF DRIVEWAY
Any driveway or approach constructed is for the bona fide purpose of securing access to applicant's property and not for the purpose of parking or servicing vehicles on the highway right-of-way. (Plate No. 2).
1-2. UNAUTHORIZED REVISION OF APPROVED PLAN
No driveway approach or other improvement constructed on the right-of-way as an exercise of the permit shall be relocated or its dimensions altered without the written permission of the State Highway Engineer or the Field Division Engineer who approved the permit.
1-3. SPECIFICATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS AND PLANS
The following specifications and descriptions together with typical site plans for the location, design and construction bf the driveway or driveways will be followed and adhered to
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except where unusual existing conditions or programmed highway changes dictate some revisions or waivers in the specifications or standards to better accomplish the purpose outlined in the foreword. Such deviations or waivers will be approved by the State Highway Engineer, the State Highway Planning Engineer or Field Division Engineer only when supported by sound cause. Such waivers are for temporary application only. Upon reconstruction of curbs or roadway or street, or right-of-way revision, etc., the entrance may be required to be installed at owner's or at public cost in strict accordance with Regulations. Almost every entrance presents a special problem which can only be correctly designed by site inspection by an engineer of mature judgment and experience. The following conditions pertain to commercial entrances.
(a) BOUNDARIES OF APPLICANT'S FRONTAGE
The frontage of any parcel of property adjacent to a public highway shall be considered to be confined between lines drawn from the iptersection of the property lines with the right-of-way lines of the highway, to the roadway surface or to the curbing, if any, and perpendicular to the axis of the highway; or if the axis is a curve, to the center of curvature; or a combination of the two. Those lines shall be known as boundaries. (Plates Nos. 2, 4, 6, 11, 12, 14).
(b) FIVE-FOOT RESERVE
No entrance or exit shall be so constructed that any part of such entrance or exit shall be less than five (5) feet from the boundaries, as defined in Paragraph 3 (a), except for returns which may extend to and become tangent at the boundary line, but shall not extend beyond same. (Plates Nos. 2, 3, 12, 15).
(c) NUMBER OF DRIVEWAYS AUTHORIZED
No more than two (2) combined entrances and exits shall be allowed any parcel of property the frontage of which is less than two hundred (200) feet. Additional entrances or exits for parcels of property having a frontage in excess of two hundred (200) feet shall be permitted only after showing of actual requirements of convenience and necessity. When frontage is fifty (50) f eet or less, only one combined entrance-exit is permitted, the width of which shall not exceed the frontage less boundary clearances. (Plates Nos. 3, 15).
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(d) SIGHT DISTANCE
All entrances and exits shall be so located, designed and constructed that vehicles approaching or using them will be able to obtain adequate sight distance in both directions along the highway. The stopping sight distance for any designated road speed is found in the Georgia Highway Department's Geometric Design Standards and is reproduced on Plate No. 10 of these regulations. In determining the sight distance for entrances, the height of the eye and the height of the object will each be considered as 4.5 feet. A permit will not be issued for an entrance when the specified sight distance is not available to the entire road and the fronting shoulder opposite each entrance and exit drive. In instances where an applicant's frontage is limited and an entrance and exit drive cannot be constructed due to inadequate sight distance, a plan may be approved which incorporates a service or approach road on the right-of-way to a point where a satisfactory and safe intersection with the highway is possible. The applicant will bear the cost of constructing and maintaining such service or approach road. (Plates Nos. 10, 11).
(e) DRIVEWAY DESIGN
(1) WIDTH. The width of any entrance or combined entranceexit driveway shall not exceed fifty (50) feet measured parallel with the roadway or, if roadway is on a curve, parallel with the tangent of the curve at the point where the center line of the driveway intersects the curb, or edge of pavement where curb does not exist.
The driveway widths specified above are exclusive of driveway flares. (Plates Nos. 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13, 15).
(2) ANGLE. The angle of driveways shall not be less than 45 with the edge of the road or street except on divided highways the entrance angle to roadside commercial establishments may be reduced to 30. Exit drives from roadside commercial establishments on divided highways shall have an angle of not less than 60 with the roadway. (Plates Nos. 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14).
(3) FLARES
( a ) Rural. Flares shall not extend beyond the boundary lines referred to in Paragraph (a ), or beyond the limits of approach to intersections described in Paragraph (n), following. (Plates Nos. 8, 9, 14).
The maximum radius of the flare on the boundary line side
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of the driveway shall be forty (40) feet. The radius of the flare on the inside edge of driveway should be much less, generally five (5) feet when there exists an acute angle at this intersection. (Plates Nos. 2, 8, 14).
(b) Urban. Flares shall not extend beyond the boundary lines referred to in Paragraph (a), or beyond the limits of approach to intersections described in Paragraph (n), following. (Plates Nos. 2, 7).
The driveway flares shall have radii not greater than fifteen (15) feet except where there is but little pedestrian traffic when the radii may be increased if required to serve a satisfactory entrance. This radius will not exceed thirty (30) feet, however, without approval of the State Highway Engineer or the Field Division Engineer. The acute angle radius shall not exceed five ( 5) feet. (Plates Nos. 2, 7) .
When curb and gutter is removed for purpose of constructing a driveway, the driveway shall be constructed of equivalent acceptable material. The entrance curb shall be of same design and ma,terial as the existing curb to which it is joined.
(4) GRADE
(a) Rural. The grade of the driveway shall slope downward and away from the road surface at a rate of not less
than one-quarter ( 14 ) inch in one (1) foot or not more than
one (1) inch per foot for a distance of not less than ten (10) feet; except where the roadway pavement is superelevated. Where the roadway pavement is superelevated and the upper shoulder is graded to the slope of the pavement, the grade of the driveway will conform to the slope of the shoulder to a point ten (10) feet from the edge of pavement. Beyond this ten-foot (10') line, the driveways and islands shall be so designed that water from this area will not flow onto the roadway shoulder or pavement. (Plates Nos. 4A, 5, 6).
The grade of the driveways beyond ten (10) feet from the edge of the pavement shall be determined largely by the topography; however, the grade of the driveway for a distance of fifteen (15) feet beyond the ten-foot (10') line shall not be greater than ten (10) percent, or a slope, positive or minus, not greater than one and five-tenths (1.5) feet in fifteen (15) feet.
(b) Urban. The grade of the driveways shall conform to
the grade of existing sidewalk, if any, and a neat junction
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between the apron of the driveway and sidewalk shall be made. Where such new entrance or exit driveway will cause heavy vehicular traffic or frequently repeated light vehicular traffic to cross the sidewalk designed only for pedestrian use and in the opinion of the Field Division Engineer such sidewalk will not support, without damage to itself, the vehicular traffic expected, the permit and agreement will specifically include removal of such inadequate sidewalk and replacement with sidewalk designed to support the loads expected.
When the urban section is without curb and gutter, the driveway grade will be similar to the plan specified under rural slopes-designed to drain storm water away from the edge of the street pavement. (Plate No. 4A).
(f) ROADSIDE DRAINAGE
Drainage in highway side ditches shall not be altered or impeded and the Applicant must provide, at his expense, suitable and approved drainage structures in excess of a total of twenty (20) feet for entrances and exits. The distance between pipe culverts under entrance and exit shall be not less than ten (10) feet. The State Highway Department may provide one 20-foot length of side drain pipe for each parcel of land. (Plates Nos. 4, 4A, 6).
(g) ISLAND-LOCATION AND DIMENSIONS
(1) DISTANCE FROM EDGE OF ROADWAY TO ISLAND. Any two entrance or exit driveways connecting with a highway shall be separated by an island area. The side of the island next to and parallel to the highway shall be located at the existing curb line, if any. Otherwise, the side of island shall be located either to conform to proposed future street width, to existing roadside ditch or ten (10) feet from edge of pavement. (Plates Nos. 2, 4, 8, 9, 14, 15).
(2) ADJACENT TO ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION LANE. Where an acceleration or deceleration lane exists the side of island shall be located at the roadside ditch or, if curb type barrier is used, at the outer edge of the acceleration and deceleration lane, but not less than ten (10) feet from the edge of the normal pavement. (Plate No. 13).
(3) ADJACENT TO TURNING LANE. Where a curbed turning lane lies within the frontage of the property the island shall
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extend to the existing curb. Where no curb exists the side of an uncurbed island shall be at the roadside ditch. If island is curbed, the curb shall be installed on the edge of the turning lane pavement where this pavement is greater than ten (10) feet from edge of pavement of normal section. (Plate No. 12).
(4) MINIMUM LENGTH. The island shall extend to the rightof-way line and a minimum length ten (10) feet, including radii, measured parallel to the r oadway shall be provided at the rightof-way line. The length of island at the shoulder will be determined by the angle of the driveways and the right-of-way depth. (Plates Nos. 8, 13).
(h) ISLAND-DEVELOPMENT AND DELINEATION (1) ISLAND TO REMAIN UNPAVED. The area or island be-
tween driveways serving roadside enterprises shall remain unpaved and shall be considered a restricted area. (Plates Nos. 2, 8, 9, 12, 14).
(2) Is~AND WITH OPEN DITCH. Where a roadside ditch exists providing an obstacle to vehicular traffic over the island, the applicant for entrance permit may choose to accept this condition, in which case delineation of the driveways and roadway shoulder is not required. It is understood that should the ditch cease to be a barrier to vehicular traffic the owner of the roadside establishment shall erect barriers as described in the following sub-paragraphs. (Plate No. 6).
(3) FILLED-IN ISLAND.
(a) Rural. In rural areas the island between the driveways may be filled in or graded down provided adequate provision is made to properly drain the water away from the highway roadbed; to provide such surface drainage when required to prevent development of high ground water level that may endanger the highway pavement; and to provide a drainage opening underneath the filled-in area adequate to carry the water in the highway side ditch. The size of the pipe proposed for the latter purpose shall be shown on plan submitted by the Applicant with location of proposed catch basins, etc. (Plates Nos. 4, 4A).
( b} Ur ban. In urban areas the drainage plan for the filledin island as well as for the driveways shall provide for the immediate runoff of all water in the existing storm drainage sys~
19

tern. If such a system is non-existent or cannot be utilized to properly drain the planned entrance, it will be necessary for the Applicant to devise a drainage plan acceptable to the Field Division Engineer.
(c) Curb or Posts. In order to prevent the use of the filled-in island for entrance and exit, permanent provisions shall be made in both RURAL and URBAN sections to separate the filled-in or graded-down area from the highway or street pavement by the construction of concrete curbs six (6) inches high. On the majority of rural roads the erection of steel, concrete or creosoted timber posts, thirty (30) inches high and spaced a minimum of five (5) feet, center to center, is permitted in lieu of the curb. However, posts shall not be used on divided highways nor in localities where appearance is a particular factor.
Posts shall not be placed closer than ten (10) feet to the normal edge of the highway pavement. Curbs shall be located as specified in paragraph (g) (1). (Plates Nos. 4, 4A, 12, 14).
(k) NO DEVELOPMENT OF RIGHT-OF-WAY FOR A PURPOSE OTHER THAN INGRESS AND EGRESS.
The construction of parking areas or driveways parallel to the highway on the highway right-of-way for the purpose of vehicle parking, loading, servicing or purposes other than ingress and egress is specifically prohibited. Those places Of business requiring parking space for their customers shall provide the same, including service roads therefor, outside the highway right-of-way. (Plate No. 2).
(m) SIGHT DISTANCE AT HIGHWAY AND STREET INTERSECTIONS
(1) RURAL AREAS. In rural areas no portion of an entrance or exit drive other than a normal flare shall enter the right-ofway at any point at a distance of less than twenty-five (25) feet from the point of intersection of the right-of-way lines. This distance is maintained primarily to provide visibility at the intersection. (Plates Nos. 8, 9, 13).
(2) URBAN AREAS. In urban areas no portion of an entrance or exit drive shall enter the right-of-way at a point less than ten (10) feet from the intersection of the right-of-way lines or street property lines except that this distance may be decreased to a minimum of three (3) feet by the State Highway Engineer pro-
20

vided the property owner can furnish sat~factory evidence that such reduction is necessary to permit s~4isfactory operation of the business engaged in. (Plates Nos. 3, 7).
(n) ENCROACHMENT UPON INTERSECTION DESIGN
(1) CONNECTING CURVE OR CURB RETURN. No portion of an entrance or exit driveway including the flare shall intersect a curb return or the pavement on a curve connecting two highways or streets, except in an urban area where the radius of the curb return is greater than twenty-five (25) feet, driveways may encroach upon each end of the arc a distance equal to one-eighth (1/s) of the total length of the arc of the curb return, thus leav-
ing at least three-fourths (%J of the length of the arc free from
driveway encroachment; and also except in a rural area where the radius of a connecting curve is greater than fifty (50) feet, the driveways, including flares, may encroach upon each end
of the connecting curve a distance equal to one-eighth (1fs) of
the total length of the arc of the connecting curve, thus leaving at least three-fourth's (%) of the length of the curve free from driveway encroachment. (Plates Nos. 3, 7, 8, 9, 12).
(2) RIGHT-OF-WAY LINE PROJECTION. No portion of an en trance or exit drivewf.\y shall be within the area lying between the right-of-way lines continued or projected on existing courses to the curb line or edge of the pavement at intersections. (Plates Nos. 3, 7, 8, 9).
(3) RIGHT-OF-WAY ACQUIRED FOR, OR USED FOR, IMPROVEMENT OF VISIBILITY AND FOR TRAFFIC CHANNELIZATION. At intersections where additional right-of-way has been secured for the highway back of the prolongation of the normal right-of-way lines in order to provide for channelization of traffic, or more adequate sight distance, no part of any entrance or exit shall be permitted to encroach upon such additional right-of-way. The area described shall be considered as restricted areas and may be filled in only as provided in Paragraph (h), page 19. (Plate No. 12).
(s) MINIMUM SETBACK FOR FUEL PUMPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
No driveways parallel to the highway shall be constructed on the right-of-way in front of gasoline pumps or other structure requiring an outside drive. Pumps and structures requiring a
21

frontage drive shall be located at a minimum distance of fifteen (15) feet from the right-of-way line in order that the outside drive and service or parking area shall not encroach on the rightof-way. The minimum distance from the right-of-way line to the nearest point of angle pump islands shall be twenty (20) feet. It is recommended that the above distance from the right-of-way line to the pump islands be increased an additional two or more feet, if space is available, to better accommodate tractor-trailer type equipment. (Plates Nos. 2, 12, 14).
(f) APPliCANT TO FURNISH DESIGN INFORMATION AND CONFORM TO THE STATE HIGHWAY ENGINEER'S DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Data relative to the proposed location, relocation, design and construction of driveways and approaches as may be required shall be furnished by the Applicant free of cost. The Applicant shall make any and all changes or additions necessary to make the proposed driveways or approaches satisfactory to the State Highway Engineer.
(u) CANCELLATION OF PERMIT
Permits granted for driveways may be cancelled by the State Highway Department in accordance with Section 4, Article I of the Rules.
22

SECTION 2
OVERHEAD UTILITIES
POLE LINE REGULATIONS
2-1. The poles of utility owners shall be placed at a location not more than ten (10) feet inside of the right-of-way line from the outside of extreme edge of said right-of-way, except where approved by the State Highway Engineer.
2-2. The utility owner may place upon said poles, crossarms and other attachments necessary to the useful enjoyment of this privilege, same to be in accordance with the usual and ordinary methods of placing crossarms and other attachments upon such poles and in accord with the National Electrical Safety Code by the National Bureau of Standards.
2-3. No guy wires or other equipment except the crossarms shall extend more than ten (10) feet from the outside or extreme edge of the highway right-of-way, unless approved by the State Highway ~ngineer.
2-4. The poles on either side of the highway installed by the utility owner shall meet with the requirements for the Grade of Construction, as provided by said National Electrical Safety Code, for the area where the pole line is located and the conductors, be they aluminum or copper, shall have a clearance complying with Section 232 of said National Electrical Safety Code.
2-5. Should the poles of utility owners not be high enough to clear trees on the highway right-of-way and it should become necessary to do any trimming to or cutting of any such trees, same shall be done under the supervision of the Field Division Engineer of the Highway Department and not otherwise.
2-6. The full and entire expense and cost of placing, erecting, constructing and maintaining the pole line shall be borne by the utility owner concerned, and the utility owner agrees by the acceptance of the permit to keep and hold the State Highway Department harmless from any and all damage caused by negligence on the part of the utility owner, its agents, servants, officers or contractors eonstructing and maintaining said pole line, or personal injuries or other damage suffered by anyone as a result of the construction, operation and maintenance of the utility owner's facilities, and the utility owner further agrees to place necessary barricades, warning signs and signals in accordance with the Manual of Signs, Signals and Markings for High-
23

way Construction and Maintenance for the protection of the traveling public, as adopted by the State Highway Board.
2-7. In the event it becomes necessary for the State to use all of the right-of-way or to widen the existing right-of-way of a State highway at the point where a utility owner's poles or other facilities have been placed, under these regulations, the Department reserves the right to require the utility owner to remove said poles, crossarms and other attachments from the existing right-of-way or move said poles, crossarms, and other attachments to a similar point on the outer edge of the widened right-of-way so that at no time shall the poles, crossarms and other attachments of the utility owner extend inward from the outer edge of the right-of-way line a distance greater than set forth in Paragraph 2-1 above of these regulations; the removal or relocation of said poles, crossarms and other attachments to be without expense to the Highway Department, regardless of type of highway construction or maintenance work involved.
2-8. Utility owners are privileged to cross said State highway at places where it is deemed necessary and proper, provided it is done in accordance with the limitations and conditions set forth in Paragraph 2-4. No wire line will be allowed to cross over any highway bridge structure.
2-9. Utility owners shall give due notice to any other known owners of overhead, underground or other utility facilities at the described location, notifying them of the work proposed under this permit for highway encroachment and the date of their proposed work.
2-10. No part of any installation shall be attached to any portion of a bridge, culvert or other structure of the highway without special authorization of the State Highway Bridge Engineer, after detailed information is furnished as he may require.
24

SECTION 3
UNDERGROUND UTILITIES
REGULATIONS FOR UNDERGROUND INSTALLATIONS
3-1. All installations shall be done by the utility owner in such a way as to leave free flows in drainage ditches, pipes, culverts or other surface water drainage facilities of the highway or its connections. No part of any installation shall be attached to any portion of a bridge, culvert or other structure of the highway without special authorization of the State Highway Bridge Engineer after detailed information is furnished as he may require.
3-2. Underground facilities paralleling the highway shall be installed at least twenty-four (24) inches deep and the edge of the excavated ditch nearest to the highway pavement shall be not nearer than fifteen (15) feet from the center line of the existing pavement of the traffic lane and no installation will be allowed in the median strip between traffic lanes. Underground natural gas distribution facilities, three hundred (300) pounds per square inch or under, shall be placed at a location to extend not more than ten (10) feet inside the right-of-way line from the outside or extreme edge of said right-of-way, except where approved otherwise by the State Highway Engineer. No permit will b~ issued for the installation of natural gas distribution facilities within the State highway right-of-way for pressures exceeding three hundred (300) pounds per square inch except when it is necessary to cross the highway with a transmission line as provided in Paragraph 3-3 below. The utility owner agrees by the acceptance of the permit that one of the purposes for the installation of the facility allowed thereby is to serve the inhabitants along the State highway at this location.
3-3. Underground facilities crossing the highway shall be installed at a depth of not less than three (3) feet below the bottom of the highway ditches. In fill or embankment sections, the facility shall be installed not less than eighteen (18) inches below natural ground or thirty-six (36) inches below the roadway surface, whichever is greater. Transmission pipe lines with pressures over three hundred (300) pounds per square inch shall be cased in a steel casing with an inside diameter at least two (2) inches larger than outside diameter of the pipe line and with a wall thickness of 3/ 16 inches or more. This casing must be
25

installed in a hole bored under the highway, such hole to be the same diameter of the casing to be installed. The casing must extend to a point at least two (2) feet beyond the toe of the slope or back of the ditch, whichever is greater. The top of the casing must be at least eighteen (18) inches below the established grade of the bottom of the ditch, or eighteen (18) inches below the natural ground, or thirty-six (36) inches below the roadway surface, whichever is greater.
3-4. It is agreed that the installation of said facility shall be done under the supervision and control of the State Highway Field Division Engineer and that the method of crossing the highway shall be directed by the State Highway Field Division Engineer; and that should it become necessary to break the pavement of the highway, surface of same shall be repaired with the existing type of materials in the adjacent area a,nd that same shall be left in as good condition as it was prior to such crossing. All of such work shall be subject to inspection and approval by said State Highway Field Division Engineer.
3-5. All pipes and encasements shall be properly bedded with select material where rock or other hard material is encountered. The facility trench shall be backfilled carefully with select material after the facility has been installed, the backfilling to be tamped and brought back to its original contour and left in good condition. The manner and method of placing all utility facilities shall be as directed by said State Highway Field Division Engineer.
3-6. The full and entire expense and cost of the facility installation and maintenance shall be borne by the utility owner and the utility owner shall make necessary arrangements for highway traffic over said point during such work, and agrees to place necessary barricades, warning signs, signals, lights and, if necessary, watchmen, for the protection of the traveling public, in accordance with the Manual of Signs, Signals and Markings for Highway Construction and Maintenance as adopted by the State Highway Board, and further agrees by the acceptance of the permit to keep and hold the State Highway Department harmless from any and all damages caused byriegligence on the part of the utility owner, its agents, servants, officers or employees, or contractors, engaged in doing said work, or any injuries or damages suffered by anyone as a result thereof.
3-7. The utility owner shall repair at its own expense any damage that may be done to said highway as a result of any
26

break which may occur in said facility causing any washouts of the highway or any other damage of any nature whatsoever, such repair work to be done under the supervision of the State Highway Field Division Engineer and shall be subject to his inspection and approval when completed.
3-8. If for any reason the utility owner desires to let construction of the facility installation to contract, then and in that event, the contractor for the utility owner will be required to carry adequate public liability and property damage insurance in favor of the State Highway Department to cover any injury or property damage to anyone caused by the construction of said line. .
3-9. In case the State Highway Department should in the future decide to relocate or widen the existing road the State Highway Department reserves the right to require the utility owner to take up and relay such sections of the above facility which it may be necessary to take up and relay from an engineering standpoint; the taking up and relaying to be at the expense of the util~ty owner, without regard to the type of highway construction or maintenance work involved.
3-10. If and when a highway construction contract is in force it shall be the responsibility of the utility owner to obtain permission of the contractor for making the utility facility installation granted under the permit during the tenure of such highway contract.
3-11. All utility installation work shall conform to the best engineering and construction practices and in conformance with the State Highway Department of Georgia Standard Specifiications for Construction of Roads and Bridges; the National Electrical Safety Code; the American Water Works Association Standards; the American Standard Association Handbook B31-l, Section 8 ; and the American Standard Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems Standards.
3-12. Utility owners shall give due notice to any other known owners of overhead, underground or other utility facilities at the described location, notifying them of the work proposed under the permit for highway encroachment and the date of their proposed work.
27

SECTION 4
GRADING AND/OR LANDSCAPING
4-1. Grading, excavation, filling or otherwise altering the ground conformation wil1 be permitted on the right-of-way to elevations that conform and fit elevations along the roadbed. In no case shall the existing drainage be impeded or cut banks be left lower than the elevation of the roadway pavement. All dirt, rock and other debris and spillage shall be kept continuously cleaned from the paved surface of all roadways used in the operation. The surface and edge of pavement shall be protected and any damage thereto will be rep2.ired and corrected by permittee. Upon completion of the earth work, the shoulders, wherever disturbed, shall be restored to their original cross section and elevation with acceptable material.
4-2. Ground preparation, furnishing, planting and/or sowing of approved vines, shrubs, trees and grasses for the sole purpose of beautifying the roadside shall be done in accordance with Sections 701, 702 and 703 of the Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges, of the State Highway Department of Georgia, dated May 1, 1956.
4-3. All stock of vines, shrubs and trees used in landscaping shall comply with the State and Federal laws regarding plant diseases and infestation. All seed for sowings shall meet requirements for purity and germination when tested by the Georgia Department of Agriculture. Plantings will not be permitted during periods of drought or when the ground is frozen.
4-4. The plantings or sowings shall not alter or impede the existing drainage of side ditches, cross drains or side drains. They shall be so located that there will be no interference with routine maintenance of shoulders, side ditches, inlets and outlets of drainage structures and culverts, back slopes and berms, during or after planting or sowing.
4-5. No plantings shall be placed in positions or locations that would obstruct the view of drivers to any part of the highway ahead or behind nor obstruct the view to any official guiding, warning or controlling sign officially erected on the highway.
4-6. The full and entire expense and cost of earth moving, restoration of shoulders and ditches, ground preparation, furnishing, sowing and/ or planting shall be borne by the Applicant concerned and the Applicant agrees by acceptance of the permit to keep and hold the State Highway Department harmless from
28

any and all damage caused by the negligence on the part of the

Applicant, its agents, servants, officers or contractors, while

sowing or planting on the right-of-way, or personal injury or

other damage suffered by anyone as a .result of the grading or

landscaping work.

.



4-7. The State Highway Departmel).t shall not be or become

liable for any damage that may be done to vin.es, ~hrubs, trees or

grasses, by any of its agents, servants or employees in rebuilding,

relocating, widening or maintaining said highway or right-of-way

upon which said landscaping may be located.
4-8. In granting the permit, the State Highway Department

does not now, or hereafter, assume anyresponsibility or obligation to fertilize, cultivate, prune~ w~ter or otherwise maintain

the plantings or sowings done under the permit.

4-9. The State Highway Department reserves the right to

revoke the privilege as set forth and contained in Section 4 of

Article I of these Rules and Regulations,

4-10. All work shall be with approval and under the direction

of the Field Division Engineer.

29

SECTION 5
DRIVE-IN THEATER REGULATIONS
5-l. The screen must be so placed that neither the picture nor any part thereof can be seen from the main roads of the vicinity.
5-2. The site of the theater is to be selected so that, if possible, both the entrance and exit roadways are connected with secondary type roads in the vicinity; with at least the exit traffic from the theater being discharged into a road of minor importance, where such minor road is available.
5-3. The screen tower to be placed at least 150 feet from the main highway right-of-way line.
5-4. No lights, neon, plain or colored, used for illumination, advertising or other purpose, shall be animated or flash or continually change shape, color, or intensity, at any point which is in clear view of the rna,iJ?. road, except authorized traffic-control lights placed with concurrence and approval ortlte State Highway Department.
5-5. The storage of automobiles or other vehicles on the highway right-of-way is not to be permitted in any case.
5-6. Turnouts from the highway to the entrance roadway shall have sufficient radii to permit vehicles to turn into the entrance without undue slowing traffic on the highway.
5-7. The entrance and exit connections shall be located so that State Highway Department sight distance standards 'Yill be met.
5-8. The box office is to be located at a sufficient distance from the highway right-of-way to provide for pile up of from 30 to 40 cars off of the right-of-way. The box office should also accommodate two lanes of traffic, one on each side.
5-9. If entrance or exit driveways are located on main highway, flashing signals may be required from the opening hour to the time that the theater is emptied. Such signals should not be installed except upon authorization of the State Highway Department upon established need of such signals.
5-10. Traffic into, through and out of the theater should be arranged so that standard drive-to-the-right practice may be followed.
5-11. Plans of the development are to be submitted to the State Highway Department for inspection and approval before construction is begun.
5-12. See Plates D-1 to D-14, inclusive, for typical drive-in theater entrance arrangements and acceleration and deceleration lanes.
30

SECTION 6
SPUR TRACKS
6-1. The Owner and Operator of any railroad spur track crossing a State highway at grade will by the acceptance of the permit keep and hold the State Highway Department harmless from any and all damages caused by negligence on the part of said Owner and Operator or any of their agents, servants, officers, employees or contractors while engaged in the construction, maintenance and operation of said spur track or any injuries or damages suffered by or to anyone as a result thereof.
6-2. Any and all damage to the existing highway caused by reason of the construction, maintenance or operation of said spur track shall be repaired and replaced by the Owner and Operator, without cost or expense to the Department.
6-3. In the event the Department decides to change the highway in any way which would require a change or readjustment of said spur track, the Owner and Operator agrees by the acceptance of the permit to make such change without cost or expense to the Department, regardless of the type of highway construction or maintenance work involved.
6-4. The full and entire cost of the installation, construction, maintenance and operation of the spur track across the State highway right-of-way shall be done without expense to the Highway Department.
6-5. The top of rails of spur track through paved area of crossing shall conform to the grade of the highway.
6-6. The construction of the crossing within the immediate area of the tracks and crossties shall be done in accordance with the State Highway Department of Georgia Standard Grade Crossing Paving Drawing No. 9021.
6-7. Adequate drainage at the crossing shall be provided and maintained without cost or expense to the Highway Department.
6-8. The crossing shall be continually and adequately flagged by a member of the train crew, or protected with automatic flashing light signals approved by the Highway Department, prior to and during the time the highway is blocked by the Owner and Operator in its operation, without cost or expense to the Highway Department.
6-9. Basic control of plan and location shall be the print or drawing prepared by the Owner and Operator and attached to the permit. All work within the limits of the Highway Depart-
31

ment rights-of-way shall be with the approval of and under the supervision of the Field Division Engineer of the Highway Department.
6-10. In the event that use, operation or maintenance of all or any portion of the installation permanently ceases or is abandoned from further use or operation, all or the affected portions of the installation on highway right-of-way shall be removed and the alignment, grade, cross section, base and pavement shall be restored to its original alignment, grade, cross section and type of base and pavement, without cost or expense to the Highway Department.
32

SECTION 7
BRIDGE ATTACHMENTS BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ' 7-1. The Government will by the acceptance of the permit keep and hold the State Highway Department harmless from any and all damages caused by negligence on the part of the Government or any of its agents, servants, officers, employees or contractors while engaged in the construction, maintenance and operation of a wire-weight river gage, or other attachment, or any injuries or damages suffered by or to anyone as a result thereof.
7-2. Any and all damage to the existing highway caused by reason of the construction, maintenance or operation of said wire-weight river gage, or other attachment, shall be repaired and replaced by the Government without cost or. expense to the Department.
7-3. In the event the Department decides to change the highway in any way which would require a change or readjustment of said wire-weight river gage, or other attachment, the Government agrees by the acceptance of the permit to make such change without cost or expense to the Highway Department.
7-4. The full and entire expense and cost of installation, construction, and maintenance and operation of said wire-weight river gage, or other attachment, upon the State highway rightof-way shall be borne by the Government.
7-5. In the event that use, operation or maintenance of all or any portion of the installation permanently ceases or is abandoned from further use or operation, all of the affected portions of the installation shall be removed without cost or expense to the Highway Department.
33

EXPLANATION OF PLATES Plate 1 of the sketches on the following pages depicts a plan typical of that required with application for entrance permit. (See Paragraph A-2, Preface to Section 1). Plates 2 to 15, inclusive, are sketches intended to provide a guide for design of commercial entrances and illustrate the provisions of Section 1, Article 2. The sketches do not attempt to provide a design for individual entrances. The many factors affecting a correctly designed entrance preclude the use of a stereotyped plan. The plans are not applicable to freeway or controlled-access main roadways but are applicable to service or frontage roads used in connection with the controlled-access highway. Plates T-1 to T-6 are inserted to acquaint all interested with the frontage feet requirements for safe and satisfactory circulation of tractor-drawn trailer equipment. A more detailed explanation of the "T" plates precedes Plate T-1. Plates D-1 to D-14 show typical entrance plans and arrangements for Drive-in Theaters covered in Section 5; also, design of acceleration and deceleration lanes which may be authorized or required in conjunction with Dri.vP-in Theater entrances.
34

INDEX TO ENTRANCE PLATES
Plate Number Information Required on Plan Submjtted with Application 1 Illustrating Provisions Prohibitirig: tfse of Right-of-WayUrban and RuraL ~--------~------ ___________ _________ ______________________ 2 Fifty-Foot Frontage:.___One Driveway-UrbaiL__________________ 3 Grading anp Dtainage for Filled-in Entrances-RuraL_ 4 Sections Pertinent to Plan Shown on Plate No. 4____________ 4A Plan and Profile-Embankment Section-RuraL ______________ 5 Entrance with Open Ditch Barrier-RuraL_________ ____________ 6 Encroachment on Intersections-Urban______________________________ 7 Encroachment on Intersections-RuraL______________________________ 8 Encroachment on Intersections-RuraL______________________________ 9 Adequate Sight Distance ------------------------------------------------------- 10 Adequate Sight Distance ------------------------------------------------------ 11 Divided Highway-Turning Lane-Right-of-Way for Sight Improvement ------------------------------------------------------- 12 Fronting op. Speed-Change Lanes-Rural or Urban____________ 13 Divided Highway-Rural -----------~------------------------------------------ 14 Service or Frontage Road________________________________________________________ 15
PLATES DEPICTING TRACTOR-DRAWN VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS
Sixty-Foot Right-of-Way-Rural --------------------------------------- T-1 Eighty-Foot Right-of-Way-Rural -------------------------------------- T-2 One-Hundred-Foot Right-of-Way-Rural --------------------------- T-3 One-Hundred-Thirty-Foot Right-of-Way-Rural ______________ T-4 Eighty-Foot, Four-Lane Street-Urban ---------------------------- T-5 Eighty-Foot, Four-Lane Street with Added Parking Lanes
-Urban ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- T-6
DRIVE-IN THEATERS
Plates showing typical entrances for drive-in theaters ______------ -------------------------------------------------D-1 to D-14
35

INFORMATION REOUIRED ON PLAN SUBMITTED WITH APPLICATION FOR COMMERCIAL

PLATE

ENTRANCE (SEE PAR A2, PREFACE TO ART. II, SECT. I.) .

A Highway Nomtf 8 Center Line to Edge of PavtfmBnt C Distanctf Pavement to Ditch D Dis(ance Center Line of Rood to R / W Property Line Location F Length of Frontage G Existing Pumps, Building, etc. H Width of Driveway IP B (I) I Angle Driveway With Highway IP 11 (2) ' J Distance, Drive to Property Line IP a ~ m

Distance Between Drives Radii of Curves /Pe (3) Existing Pipes, Blc. Pipes Proposed IP f ~ h

IP g (4)

_ _ __j

f-o~ J

Within ~-,:I I ~ I

~l 81 / ~:

(
rl

7
:

J I

~

j"/11~-i,:~I 1 ~ .I(

1 . ., I ,.-;; I ~

' I I I

1 ----;:::::=====-.-.;.,=~==-:::/ ::~,I I,

j :"~' I : I

~ ~

I
I



I I

\:1

I / {8--~<-e...J

/ /I I

/7 I

,/ I

\

"'

3.4 Mi. To

---'"~'--CENTER . LINE S . R~ NQ (A) t'

City Limits Avon

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Edge of Pavement ;t:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/Scale I"= 40''

/

Dote

ENTRANCE PLAN ER. SCOTT SERVICE STATION
OEKALB COUNTY

PLATE'"' '2

ILLUSTRATING PROVISIONS PROHIBITING USE OF RIGHT-OF-WAY

I

(Par.l-3k)

I

I

I

I

COMMERCIAL ESTABLIS!fMENTS,

I

SCHOOLS, ETC.

I

J

J .Tw ,.,;a, ,,,,;,, ;,

" 1-

7 planned between building

~I

SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR

" and right - of - way, the
!:>

~IJ "'

Rod1US rl,ot to exceed
15' e/tcept as specified Par 1',-3 e {3) (b)

PASSENGER CAR PARKING

Right anqle parking

40'

60" angle parking

)6'

45 . anqle parking

29'

<-~l ~ ~

_

structure sufficient vide spa
and for

shall be set bock a distance to proce lor the parking
the roodwou servinn

~
~._ ~
It

~
~ -~;
<o "''


--:en__.---r-,,J

1R_/_w...r..=__ _r-"'"..o;-;-:-"-:::':::7:::":--::~~=P:7a-r.a::ll;e-l-~p;:a-r;k:i~n=g~7:7:=-'=c::/S9c=':::==;:";~~~~::-'--th-'e

p~orkingoperotio-'~!_

_

" _

_

_

~::. ; _

No Parking or Storing of vehicles, equipment or other

.

!

1 ._ ~

items; No Servicing or Soles activi ty; No Advertizing

I .; ,

v devices; No Access or ' Service drives; No Pavement,

I ~ ~

/

shall be permitted between R/W ond curb or road shoulder.

/1 /

Sect 8, Art. I and Pars. I -1 8 3 II (I)

/

radius 5 feet

Par. ; I -3e(3)(b)

_c_E_N_TER_ LINE OF HfGH~_Y--/..,_ _ __
Ed. e of Pavement 7

URBAN AREA .

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

. RURAL AREA

FIFTY- FOOT FRONTAGE
URBAN AREA

ONE' DRIVEWAY

PLATE # 3

Par. 1 -3 c

- ------1

0 10 20 30 40 !50

~Q:

i~ ~

Ill

~I

I

ll..l

r

:=;J) ~F-. j5'1'"

50'

40 '.

f~5

R/W/

r.:.

__

s;dmli

Curb ::X

OF SrREEr.3

'*" PLA"TE

4

GRADING AND DRAINAGE

FOR

FILLED-IN OR GRADED- DOWN ENTRANCES

Por.l-3h(3)

On four -lone rooas ond in localities where appearance is a portictulor foetor the use <tf posts in lieu of curb will not be approved.

If desired, oppliconf moy subm1~ detail of unmountoble concrete pylon for approval
by Stole Highwo Engineer for use in lieu of posts.

\.)

Por. I "3h (3)

-..)

L..-

Pipe lines and catch basins shall be ins/oiled

os required for odequote drainage of island ond

entrance drive Par. 1 -3 h (3) (a)

__!!oodside difclj_i:onverled_!_a pjpe__!ine _ - - - - - - - plans)-

RURAL ONLY
I

CENTER UN_ OF ROAOz
Ed. e of Pavement
see PLAT # 5 tor section A-A, 8-B, c-c
\.)
o 10 20 30 40 50 so 10 eo

RURAL AND URBAN

SECTION$ PERTINENT TO PLAN SHOWN ON PLATE #4

PLATE :1:1: 4 A

=-====---== ~~~~~
IMOX~r. I~

Typical entrance drive

c::

l

Required slope 1/4" to I" )

A-A

per Foot on line 90D to C.L./

Par. l-3e (4)

Sect. A-A Plate # 4

.I~

~

:

-------~========~=-.~.~~,"~'======~~M~m~.~~o~-=R~~~----T-y-p-i-c-a-l --p-ro--fi-le-s--o--f-u-n-c-u-r-b-e-d==f=r=o=n=ta=g=e=~:~1l===

,

"I

0 2 Indicate size of proposed pipe

I I

8-8

Par. 1-3 e (4)

~

Required slope: '/4 "to !"per Foot

~'II

-

.1~
-..~,"'
~~~

c:

J

.
<o

Typical

profiles of curbed

~'I
tronroge
~ ~

c-c

8-B or c-c

Slope some as pavement
superelevotion condition Par. t-3 e (4)

~

-The entrance, including driveway, grading

::, ....

and drainage plan shall prevent water from

"' :S

entrance area flowing onto lihe shoulder.

't_,Q..

,--Grade P~'!.__ "!_!t!! _cr:_r~ - ------- - -""

,- - '\- -(;-:a-;; pi;,;;ith-p~;,s- - - - - - - ~

Sect. 8-8 Plate# 4
Sect. c -c
Plate# 4
Sect. 8-8 or c-c
Plate # 4

PLAN ANO PROFILE- EMBANKMENT RURAL AltEA
Port- 3 e (4)

SECTION

- - - - - - + ---r-.--- _ f!.!2hJ -~of- w~- --.-..-- - T- -~---

R/W L _

I

\

I

;J

\

I

~

\

~

\

-y-

ii:

I

<:>

~

1:1 .~

I~

I~

I I/_s~!o

)....
~
~-

~I

I

it

I

t::l.

il
Shoulder Edge of Povemenl

17.

....,

~~~
I

~
i::/1

.:. ,-~:
~~ ~

~

l"0... a' "::' ~
~ <:;
1 I

li.J
...J
~-
C)
8:

Edge of Povemenl -/' 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

PLATE# 6

ENTRANCE WITH OPEN DITCH BARRIER

RURAL AREA
1 Par.l-3h(2)
J --~~~====~======~..~...,_..-.. ---~~~~,~LI~

When necessary to lower ditch grade in order to place

......

pipe under entrance drive with minimum one -foot cover, the applicant shall be responsible for relocating

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
\\c
-"'

the ditch when required to secure a maximum 3: I

slope from edge of highwa, shoulder.

\~

~

SECT- Y-Y

\~

f

Right-a~ -_wo"<'(~Z<----:-- -~ within applicant's boundaries

;>...
.---::::----

__ ---::..,,--

j_ f __ _

Relocatior of ditch to secure a 3. I slope after
-y--= --= -+- .!.f..p. w-_!in-~ to._...g1-._- l-Jt1-d-~ e-rlfr-onc-e_d-r-ive-u- c
=-_origin~ch

<1. ~
- - - lrj

Shoulder Edge of Pavement

I

CENTER ';!!E OF ROAD 7' _

"-' y
--

' _f'ip~-"- -

--

- -- ~--

..s--."s'-oc-"'

I~
-Q

- - - ~.~"- ~~-H:--....._.......W........_)':

:.
()

- _) / I

'1.,:":!~-

"-........

Par.l-3 e (4) (a):} \;)

Ed e of Pavemenr

o 10 20 30 40 so so 10 eo

ILLUSTRATING PROVISIONS PERTAINING TO
ENCROACHMEN:R~:NINTERSECnDNr,
0;~1 of"o oo " 'o " o
Sigfll distance requirement Par I 3m{2)

I

I ~

"f ~li\/ I .

'~<.; . "'~ '

"'

(> \' ~ -s()~

~t:.l,

(,-1; ;; .,,~.

f ~ ""'

~-1.>, ~\<;)()~'\

\() ()q '

i l .t.:/ "~~t.~;" ~' '~'

~' }

~
\!/j

-~ c}
o"- ~ <;)

Limit of approach of entrance
drive to intersection is a po1nt located 1/8 the length of the arc from the end of arc. Par. I -3 n(l) and l-3e (3) (b)

~I
!
I I
/

---

_ _....:;;C.:;;.E:,:.NTEJ!.. ...:L;;.;.I:.:.NE:;;......::O~F-;~TR.~:;;.:E:.:T_:..fO:::,:E~SI~T0

HIGHWAYL

* PLAIE 7
Entrance- Exit
Eno of 15' radius curb return is limit of approach of entrance drive to street intersection. Par. I - 3n (I) Driveway flare shall
ool exIMd btJyond /his point. Par: 1-3 e (3) (b)

ILLUSTRATING PROVISIONS PERTAINING TO ENCROACHMENT ON INTERSECTIONS
RURAL
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

~

Edqe //-. Entrance

I

Oist.

curb

CENTER_ LINE

1

PLATE# 8

Min length of is land

is 10'- Par. I -3g (4)

f-lo~

R.!~..___

f

Edge of Pavement CENTER _LINE OF MAl'!.. R'!.!;::;O::,A,!::O~--

Ed e of Pavement

Par.l-3 g(l) 1:::.

Curi:J

.....

Por.l-3 e(3Xa) and 1-3 n(IJ-...,

1
Unpaved
/j f"'
Z~-----~ Right -of -way
45 IS mm entrance angle on two- way undivided highway. Par. 1- 3e (2)

b 10 20 30 40 ~0 60

__/
I

~PLATE# 9

Max. 50'

~
/'""":' ?I,t~>">~ ;<-.f.q_t:i

I

50' is max. width authorized for driveway Pot: l-3e(l)

ILLUSTRATING PROVISIONS PERTAINING TO
ENCROACHMENT ON INTER SECTIONS
RURAL
I

PLATE # 10

ILLUSTRATING REOUIREMENT FOR

SIGHT OISTANC REOUIREMENTS

ADEQUATE SIGHT DISTANCE

:t

~
~<::)
"' . "' "' ~ilit~:l

~
...

- -IJPGRA05
--

.~....,.

~
.<.o.

~
...

OOWN GRA,05
---
..,~ ~ ~ I()

'

I

I

30 200 200 190 180 210 220 230

40 275 265 255 240 285 300 325

PARAGRAPH I 3 (d)

\,,.......

Entrances located to conform to Par. l-3(d)

This plan depicts a designed road speed of 60 MPH.

50 350 330 320 60 475 445 425 70 600 560 530

- ____...~ 370 400

500 555 650 710

-

-,.----,..,.----,..,

______ Riqht -afwaL:.-{ - - - - -

------

' ;Y

Access

required~ Access rood

if two driveways are ','..",

necessary

~

\~

Rig!J~ of- way -{_ - - - -

HORIZONTAL

~"

0

100

5GAL

[ ===::J

200

300

.~ ....,,

..,.<.:.:).

.<.0,

..,<::)
"-

J~,

.;;.;,

~I
~,

9

60

2

3

4

65

6

7

8

9

70

2

J

LARGE- SCALE LAYOUT OF
__P_L_A_T_...1..0.,.., SUBJECT SCALE

0 20 40 60 80 /00 Par. I- 3d

200

PLATE~ II

Driveways Located to Conform to Por. 1- 3 d

I 1,.._
':;
---- __ LRjQ:hf -ol - wot"[_ ---- _____

---~ Top of cu:__

_,,

~~=-=-A~c~ce~s~s=-R~ood=-~r==-=-=-=-=-~~

L

b due

of inadequate sight d1stonce to interception line of v1s1on

~

in cut on horirontol curve.

~

rood required if two

Right - of - woy

Oosh lin11 Is locus of inl~rceplion of 1

dri veways ore necessary.

vision b slope of cut.
'

~~~-

DIVIDEu HIGHWAY - TURNING LANE
AND
RIGHT- OF-WAY FOR SIGHT IMPROVEMENT

_ _ _P_r_o,p_er!.!. _L!::_e --L----

RURA L OR URBAN

PLATE# 12

0

20 40 6 0

80

100

roach 2 L A N ES - ONE DIRECTION MEDIAN

/- Edge of Pa vement / '

I
I
J

FRONTING ON SPEED- CHANGE LANES
RURAL OR URBAN
Pt1r. l-3g (2)
r----------WIIi\jMijJ
0 20 40 60 80 100

PLA1'E .;w \'3

-- -- ---+----

L _ _ _ __.;;.:CE:..:.N~TE!!_ LINE

- - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - AcclhUt1fiOII Lt1111 ~

--

Q - --=-=-~==-------:'---

~0----j Pt1r. 1-3 g (4)

Righi - of - Woy :i

0/VI00 HIGHWAY
(LA~OUT t5 CAPABLE OF ACCOIIIMOOATtNG LONG WH((L 8A 5[ [Qut PM[NT)

I

/~

~ / I~-

P14f!1PS t5 m,n Par IJs -- 1 __.J

b
( "'.o,
1 -
20

7 -------- --- ----- - - - - - - ------
- Cvrb or Pavement L,ne Par I -J (m)

Posts

of CtdO on

dtllldiJd l'l1f}hWO)' Pot, . JflltJ rJ;

PLATE # 14
\
"
l .. \.., I

? l AN5 ONE OtRECTtON 1-- - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - ------- - --- ------- - - - - - - - - -- -- - ----- .
M[OtAN STRtP

___ f..</fH _ or._Pr;vtp,nLJ_ ______ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ I

----. I

_ _C:::,:E;.::N:.:,:TER_LIN[ . OF HIG!!J!A-.:.YJ.1---

J

' I

ILLUSTRATING FRONTAGE ROAO PLAN

I

FOR PROV/0/NG

ENTRANCE

TO

INDIVIDUALLY OWNED PROPERTY

OR
MULTIPLE DEVELOPMENT OR SHOPPING CENTER OF AN INDIVIDUAL

!?URAL URBAN

FRONTAGE REQUIREMENT FOR TRACTOR-DRAWN SEMI-TRAILERS
Plates T-1 to T-6, inclusive, show minimum frontage requirement to permit satisfactory access and exit to roadside establishments by tractor-semi-trailer units of 48 feet overall length, the maximum length permitted under the Georgia Law.
Plates T-1 to T-4, inclusive, show the entrance curb located 10 feet from the edge of the highway pavement. This is the plan generally used in rural areas.
Plates T-5 and T-6 show the curb adjacent to the edge of the pavement in accordance with design generally used in urban areas.
It may be noted that 50 feet to 60 feet more frontage is required to accommodate the 48-foot tractor-semi-trailer unit when vehicle travels in lane adjacent to the curb compared to travel in same lane when curb is located 10 feet from edge of pavement.
Basis of design of commercial entrances shown on Plates T-1 to T-6, inclusive, follows:
Speed at entrance: 15 to 18 m.p.h. for T-1 to T-4 and 12 to 15 m.p.h. for T-5 and T-6.
Equipment driven by competent operator. Equipment traveling in center of proper lane to point of turn into entrance. Path of tractor front wheels is shown by solid lines. The direction of travel is indicated by the arrows between wheel tracks. Dash arrow lines show the path and direction of travel of rear trailer wheels. Distance from right-of-way line to pump foundation is 15 feet in all plans; any reduction of this distance increases the required frontage. On Plates T-1 to T-4, the entrance path of the vehicle follows a 48-foot radius curve, then a curve of 42-foot radius. The first is preceded by a 40-foot transition, then follow in order, 30-, 30-, and 25-foot transitions. The exit course is the reverse of the entrance. In all instances, the radii have reference to the outside track. On Plates T-5 and T-6, all curves affecting the frontage requirement have radii of 44 feet and generally the maximum spiral is 25 or 30 feet. Plates T-1 to T-4 depict a two-lane, 22-foot pavement located in the center of 60-foot, 80-foot, 100-foot and 130-foot rights-of-way. Plates T-5 and T-6 show an 80-foot urban street, with 48 feet and 64 feet distances from curb to curb.
52

In all cases, the principal dimension affecting the entrance width is the distance from thL lane of travel to the right-of-way line. In cases not covered by the plates, a fairly accurate estimate of required frontage may be determined by comparing this distance with those shown on the plates and making indicated adjustments or projections.
A tractor-drawn semi-trailer less than 48 feet in length can naturally negotiate an entrance of less frontage. In fact, a 48foot unit can negotiate a properly laid out station of 5 to 10 percent less frontage than shown on these plates if speed is further reduced, turns approximating the minimum possible radii are made and possibility of mounting curbs is accepted. Each plan presented represents an entrance and adjacent minimum service area which can be negotiated by maximum legal wheelbase vehicles, at reasonable speed, with a small allowance for driver error. Therefore, the frontages shown are recommended.
Note that a 45 entrance best fits the path of the equipment up to where the distance from vehicle traveled lane to right-ofway is 40 feet (Plate T-3). When this distance exceeds 40 feet, the entrance angle should be increased (Plate T-4) to fit the path of the vehicle.
53

PLATE T-1

REQUIREMENT FOR 48' TRACTOR- DRAWN SEMI-TRAILER

RURAL TYP NTRANC CNTR LIN OF PAVMNT TO R/W IS 30'- NTRANC ,:URB IS 10' FROM DG OF PAVMNT

f-1--~~~-FRONTAGE
\
Property Line-\ I

REQUIRED - 179' _ _ _ _____,--;

Property

\

Dashed arrow lines show path of rear

wheels of trailer

------~CNTR LIN ~ ROADWAYz
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dge__E!_ PavemenT_ _ _ _ -._ __

See comments preceding Plate T-1 under heading ,
"FRONTAG RQU/RMNT FOR TRACTOR-DRAWN SMI-TRAILRS"

SCALE 0 10 20 30 40 50

PLAI'E. 1-'2.

FRONTAGE REOU/REMENT FOR 48' TRACTOR - ORAWN SEMI-TRAILER VEHICLE

VR8AN TYPE ENTRANCE CENTER LINE OF PAVEMENT TO R/W IS 40'- ENTRANCE CURB IS tO' FROM EDGE

OF PAVEMENT

Property

FRONTAGE REOUIREO- /93'

Line~

Oo.~hed arrow lines show path of rear wheels of troller.

-6-0 p a v ! - - -
--~~:::::::::--

______-""
- - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ E~_f_ Pavement'[__ _ _

See comments preceding Plate T-I

under heading ,

"FRONTAGE REQUIREMENT

FOR

TRACTOR-DRAWN SEMI-TRAILERS"

SCALE 0 10 20 30 40 50

Properly

PLATE T- 3

FRONTAGE REQUIREMENT FOR 48' TRACTOR - DRAWN SEMI-TRAILER VEHICLE

CENTER LINE OF PAVEMENT

RURAL TYPE ENTRANCE TO R/W IS 50'- ENTRANCE

CURB

IS 10' FROM EDGE OF PAVEMENT

.--------FRONTAGE REQUIRED -200'
\

Property

Dashed arrow lines

show poth of rear

\

wheels of frailer

\

Ri ht- q_f_- way 1'
R5'

R 5' (

45

45.

of ~f!!emenl--{__ _

CENTER Lf!!! OF ROAO~Y...f..__ _

See comments preceding Plate T -I under heodmg ,
"FRONTAGE REQUIREMENT FOR TRACTOR- DRAWN SEMI-TRAILER"

-
SCALE 0 10 20 30 40 !50

FRONTAGE REOUIREMENT FOR 48' TRACTOR- DRAWN SEMI- TRAILER VEHICLE

RURAL TYPE ENTRANCE

CENTER LINE OF PAVEMENT TO R/W IS 65'- ENTRANCE CURB IS 10' FROM EDGE OF PAVEMENT

. .
I
Line~ Properly

I---------FRONTAGE

REQUIRED

205 I

I
Property Line~

Dashed arrow lines show path of rear wh11els of trailer

--~

I I

I

50 ' -

.--

--=---------=-f!!-.'!-! ---

_fENTER L!Nlf_OF Roodwo!.f' _ _ __

See comments preceding Plate T- 1 under heading,
"FRONTAGE REQUIREMENT FOR , TRACTOR-DRAWN SEMI -TRAILER

SCALE
0 10 2.0 30 40 50

PLATE FRONTAGE REQUIREMENT FOR 48' TRACTOR- DRAWN SEMI-TRAILER VEHICLE
URBAN TYPE ENTRANCE
CENTER LINE OF PAVEMENT TO R/W IS 40'- CURB IS ADJACENT TO EOGE OF PAVEMENT- 48' PAVEMENT

T- 5

Property

_ _.::;C.::;EN;.;.;TER LINE OF f!..O'~ 7_
Curb line Riqht - o(.: way z

Lone 12' Traffic Lane 12' Traffic Lane 12' Traffic Lane 16' Stdewallr ond Partrstrtp area

See comments preceding Plate T- I under heading,
"FRONTAGE REQUIREMENT FOR TRACTOR- ORAWN SEMI- TRAILERS"

oashed arrow lines show path of rear wheels of trailer

SCALE
0 10 20 30 40 l;iO

FRONTAGE

REQUIREMENT

FOR 48' TRACTOR - DRAWN
URBAN TYPE ENTRANCE

PL~"TE.
SEMI- TRAILER VEHICLE

CENTER LINE OF" PAVEMENT TO R/W IS 40'- CURB IS ADJACENT TO EOGE OF" PAVEMENT- 48' PAVEMENT

FRONTAGE REQUIRED - I 7 8'

Property Line

Lipe-\
\ \
\

Ooshed arrow lines show path of rear ~heels of trailer.

Ol
~ ~------~~~~---------

12' Traffic Lone - Lone ---------------~Traffic

------ ---

CENTER LINE OF" 80' STR..;;;E.:,:'E.;.T_ __

12' Traffic Lane

12' Trotft'c Lone

curD 7

8' Parking

----'R""-1"'-'ght-:. of- Way L tne _7.. - - - - - - 8' Sidewalk A reo

See comments preceding Plate T- I under heading,
"FRoNTAGE REQUIREMENT F"OR TRACTOR- ORAWN SEMI- TRAILERS"

SCALE
0 10 2 0 30 40 50

TYPICAL PLAN OF ACCESS

DRIVE -IN

THEATER

----- .....--- ___.----

---

-

.- - - -
-----

'-.
--......
~
'-. '-..
"-.

/
/

---- ' ' "

""-.

PLATE D-1
Ticket Office

SCREEN

- - - __ Right- of -wo.t ""l

_ ___:..R:.:.:.ighj_-of -wor-r _ _ _ __

Ed e of Pavement Ed e of Pavement

Ed e of Pavement Ed e of Pavement

SEPARATE ENTRANCE AND EXIT LANE SYMMETRICAL

PLATE D,-2

_j I

TYPICAL PLAN OF ACCESS
DRIVE- IN THEATER
dg_e of Povement 7"

-I

CENTER UNf._ Ot:......J!!!iff~ y

Edae of Pavement --/

~ ~
~
I
~I

14'
l I

14'
1..

"~ "

~

"I

EXIT

0...'..).

r..l!I:t! ::..----::

i~::

~
~

i::

~ "'
.C...l
Q

I~~~ ....

Q

'II 'II

"I<"J' ~

I

Ticket

III I I

J

~ <: ~
I..
~

II I I

I

/

I I

/ /

I I

/

I
I I

I I I

I
I I

--- / /

/

I

I

./

/

/

I

/
_...--- /

/
/

I /

I
I
I I I
I I

Office

/

I

I

-/ ./
---- /

/
/
/

I I

MULTIPLE ACCESS ROUTE

Edge of Pavement t Ed e of Pavement

TYPICAL PLAN OF ACCESS DRIVE- IN THEATER
- - - - c.!..NTR LIN OF HIG~AY:..L.---

PLATE D- 3
Edge of Pavement r Ed e of Pavement

-EXIT

Storage Area

MULTIPLE ACCESS, ENTRY

AND

EXIT ON

I

I

/

I

SEPARATE ROUTE

TYPICAL PLAN OF ACCESS DRIVE- IN THEATER

---- /

-.. .......

--- ' ' ''

l Rightof;w_o;:.;;:__ _ _
14'

CENTER Ed e of Povement
SPECIAL ENTRY STORAGE

PLATE 0-4
__ Right- of- WOYJ~~ ,

TYPICAL PLAN OF ACCESS DRIVE- IN THEATER
rick~l
Office

PLATE 0- 5

Ed e of Pavement
-r Edge of Pavement

NARROW TYPE ( 0/V/00)

Ed e of Pavement Edge of Pavement t'

SUGGESTED ENTRANCE- EXIT DESIGN DRIVE -IN THEATERS

NOTE : LEFT TURNS MAY BE PROHIBITED AT EITHER OR BOTH ENTRANCE ANO EXIT
WHEN SAFETY OR TRAFFIC FLOW MAKE THIS ~CTION ADVISABLE

EXIT

ENTRANCE
- .Storooe Areo

ENTRANCE ANGLE ':.:!"
go 2-WAY HIGHWAY 45 TO go J WAY OIVIOEO 30 TO
EXIT ANGLE s go 2-WAY HIG/iWAY 45 TO go /WAY QIVIOEO 60 TO

ENTRANCE PLAN TWO-LANE ACCESS ROAD DRIVE- IN THEATER

PLATE 0 ~ 7

/

~=----~Ed -o.
Ed , of """m'"' _,

-}) _

e of Pavement 7'

------------~R_!dNE OF HIGHWAY _

--------

Edqe of Pavement

Edqe of Pavement--;(

PLATE D 8

ENTRANCE PLAN

I

TWO-LANE ACCESS ROAD SIMILAR VOLUME EACH DIRECTION

Ticket Offir;e

5 ~~---w~~~ ~;_'~----~~~~~~~---=-=-=_:..z..::.R-ig=-hl'----'-o--=f-c:...w::..coy::.="t'-'.'----------~-~~~- ~~-=R'""'"q~"--~'hl-=of-_w~YL_

t ~

Edge of Povementz

~-j ~

1 CENTER LINE ~HIGHWAY

ENTRANCE PLAN THREE OR MORE LANE ACCESS ROAD
LEFT TURN PROHIBITED DRIVE- IN THEATER

PLATE D -9

0')
00

=~~===~=--=-=-EE~d!l.'e,__.o,_._f_,__P'o~v~e~m~en~t________ s---5>~.-_ _ ' ~" _

Ed e of Pavement

~--

--~--~~

_____ _ _ .___....... ~_

Edge af t"avemenr

Edge af Pavement

THREE

ENTRANCE PLAN OR MORE LANE ACCESS
LEFT TURN PERMITTED DRIVE- IN THEATER

t9'Max. Two
Lanes

ROAD

PLATE 0- 10

...o. _

-- -_ ------~E~d~o~e~o~f~A~a~v~em~e~n~/~7______ ~ ~~-- _____ __ __ ~~--------~E~d~ae~o~f~Pa~v~em~e~n~IL-7___________

--

---- --~--

dee of Pavement 7

Edge af Pavement 7

EXIT PLAN DRIVE-IN THEATER

PLATE O-Il

Edue of Pavement t'

14' 5'~ Edge of exit if tell

I

turns o'e pe,milled

I I I

I

I

I

~

/~ ,'l-

CENTER Ll'!. OF HIGHWAY f -
Edge of Pavement 7

ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION FOR DRIVE- IN THEATER

LANES

PLATE D -\2

140'
.s _

-5'
.-----_L_ -

-

- - ~~~=-=-~- =---=--==--=_J-~---

- -- C~TER LIN OF HIGHWAY

Ed e of Povemenr

ENTRANCE

180'
- - - - - - - - - - - _ x,__ _ _ _ _ _, _ _ _;;.;C;;.;NT.!! LIN OF HIGH~Y _ _ __
Ed e of Pavement EXIT
40-M/L PR HOUR HIGHWAY

ACCELERATION ANO DECELERATION FOR ORIVE - IN THEATER

LANE

PLATE 0-13

{
1
i
I
I
-

, 0I

"lo .

220 '

"'o.
-1>

i

I

-

"- - - CENTER J.I.N. OF Hl~ft.WAY_

150'
-

ENTRANCE

i
l
l
--

200'
-

400 '
.,I

- ..

CENTER_ LINE OF Hlfil!.WAY

50 -MILE PER HOUR HIGHWAY

IY-- -

v ,a'~
- ---1

EXIT

ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION LANE FOR DRIVE - IN THEATER

PLAl'E 0-14

\f_()
"0-~>-.,

300'

I
I

175'

I

(

C'NTER L'!l.f (J,F H7GHWAY;t,.

-

--

Edge of Pavemtnt J

ENTRANCE

750'

1:

250'

- ----

I
-?

==]~-

Edge of Povemet
- (- - - - -
I

,:.
-- ---

v ,o~

EXIT

-----/

60- MILE PER HOUR HIGHWAY