The Georgia penitentiary system

yOU't G~ P'lWt Slj!tent
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Rock Oucmy Prison, Buford
The Georgia Penitentiary System by J. M. Forrester, Director State Board of Corrections Atlanta, Georgia
From: January-February American Journal of Correction
See Pages 3 - 7

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LOCATIONS OF PUBLIC WORK CAMPS AND STATE PRISONS AND CAMPS

Effective as of June 30, 1961

s 0

~ Public Works Camp

I State Prison or C~mp

County having both Public Works Camp and State Prison or Camp

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THIS ENTIRE PUBLICATION LITHOGRAPHED

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AT THE GEORGIA STATE PRISON

The Georgia Penitentiary System

By J. M. FORRESTER
Director, State Board of Corrections Atlanta, Ga.

J. M. Forrester

T HE Georgia State Prison at Reidsville is the largest principal penal institution in our State. Construction of this prison was completed in 1938, and it was planned to have a housing capacity of 2,000 inmates. At present we are overcrowded in this institution, as we have con-
Aerial view of Georgia State Prison
fined there 2,392 inmates. In the past ten years many new programs have been initiated, and the inmate employment at this institution is very well diversified. For instance, we have an excellent program in conjunction with the Georgia Department of Forestry. This program includes the planting and care of pine seedlings. This operation is one of the largest carried on anywhere in the country, and it affords gainful employment to a number of the inmates in an interesting and productive capacity, as this project affords the inmates an opportunity to learn some phase of the forestry busin;!SS which has proven to be conducive to the inmates' rehabilitation. At present, approximately 9,000 man-days :ue being utilized annually on .this forestry nursery project. The inmates assigned to this project are given on-the-job instruction and training by an experienced and qualified forester Our present plans also include a vastly expanded program in the field of forestry which will employ many more of our inmates.
At the Georgia State Prison through OUl' fine agricultural program we are now producing more than one hundred per cen~ of the vegetables necessary to maintain our population,.and we operate a cannery in conjunction with our farm program.* The excess vegetables are canned and sold to other eleemosynary institutions in our State below market price, thus affording a savings to these other State institutions and a savings to the taxpayers of our State. Our beef herds and dairy herds
su livestock inventory and agricultural product ion at end of article .

have been improved and their productions increased. We are now producing 80 per cent of all the beef consumed and 100 per cent of all poultry products. The many hundreds of 'inmates who are assigned to the various !arming details are afforded the opportunity of performmg their duties under the supervision and guid~ce of farm supervisors who hold B.S. degrees (agr~culture ) and their highly trained and especially qual~e? assistants in the agricultural field.
Wtthm the walls of the Georgia State Prison we have recently modernized and enlarged our print shop, :t,..<l we are now doing work in this section for several of our State agencies and we are able to keep some of our inmates gainfully employed in this project. We have only recently re-established, modernized, and enlarged our garment factory; and out p. oduction in this division has recen~ly increased many times over its former production capacity.
Recently we have !'urchased and installed new rmchinery for the manufacturing of automobile license plates which has tripled our proquction in the manu facture of license plates. Our plans are to increase our metal operation in conjunction with the manu-
facturing of automobile license plates to include metal shelving and other allied metal products.
Within the btst six years we have constructed and completed fifty-four new homes. These homes are constructed of masonry block and include all of the latest conveniences and equipment. These houses are furnished the custodial officers for a very nominal fee (approximately ten dollars monthly ) as .a . . inge benefit and subsidy to the custodial officers' salaries, which has enabled us to attract better-qualified men as custodial officers at this institution.
Recently we have been fortunate in acquiring the services (full time) of an outstanding physician and surgeon to head up our medical program at the Georgia State Prison. The nP.w director of our medical program at the Georgia State Prison will be ably assisted by a s~~ond physician and surgeon and two general practitioners. All are qualified and outstanding physicians, and we think we have a medical program which is second to none. Georgia State Prison is equipped with a most modern hospital and all equipment necessary for its efficient functioning.
In addition to the medical program, we also have a fully qualified Psychiatric Board composed of two outstanding psychiatrists and a qualified medical doctor to look after and examine the inmates who present a mental problem. I would like to advise also that, when an inmate is adjudged to be psychotic by our Psychiatric Board, such inmate is immediately removed from the
prison population and transferred to Milledgeville State

THE jANUARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN Jou RNAL OF CoRRECTION

3

Hospital, Milledgeville, Georgia, where he receives such treatment as his case may demand.
Through the cooperation of the State Department of Education, we have instituted to some degree an adult educational program; and our efforts are being extended in the direction of enlarging and accelerating our adult
educational program. For the inmates' benefit in the past few years we have
constructed a chapel which is a complete and separate building from all of the other buildings in the prison in order that the inmates may have the proper atmosphere in which to worship. We have found that the chapel,

ing from 1,200 to 1,800 inmates. This new prison is necessary to alleviate overcrowded conditions in many of our penal institutions.
It is believed that a highly industrialized prison, such as our new prison will be, will be extremely beneficial to the individual inmate in affording him gainful employment during his incarceration and equipping him with a trade or vocation which will be highly conducive to his rehabilitation once he is returned to a free society. It is also our plan that, once our prison industrial program is in full force and effect, we will be able to pay incentive wages to the inmates. Our industrial program can also

Chatham Prison Branch, Sa vannah, Warden P. 0. Youmans.
Note: Chatham Prison Branch is 11 combination state prison and county public works camp. P. W. C. Warden Wm. D. Fawcett.

by being separated from the balance of the prison buildings, is having a very fine effect on our inmate population. We have full-time chaplains who carry out our
very fine religious program. At present nearing completion is a new wing which
will consist of 480 individual maximum security cells. These cells are being constructed and equipped with the latest and most modern facilities at a cost of $650,000 for materials. This cell block project is being constructed
with prison labor. Within the last year, all female prisoners have been
removed from the Georgia State Prison at Reidsville to the Colony Prison Farm at Milledgeville. The women's building has been completely renovated and modernized. All inmates who have been classified as chronics have been removed from the main institution and are now housed in the prison building formerly occupied by the female inmates. We have found that this has been most helpful, not only to the administrators at the State Prison, but also to the chronics and the other inmates as well, as we have noticed a definite change for the better in the morale of these inmates.
Plans and specifications for the construction of a new major prison, which will have the housing capacity for I ,800 inmates, have been completed and actual construction of this new major prison was scheduled to
begin in May of 1962 This new prison is being built atter many months of study and planning have gone into it, and we expect this prison to be one of the finest, most modern facilities to be found anywhere. This new prison is to be fully industrialized, and it is our present plan to industrialize this institutiOn with several prison industries with the capacity of gainfully employ-

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Born October 20, 1904, in Crisp (then Dooly) County,

Georgia. Graduated from University of Georgia; LL.B. de ~

gree, 1926. Began practice of law that same year in Americus. Secretary, Georgia Public: Servic:e Commission,

~

1933-37; Member, House of Representatives, Crisp County, ~

1939; Revenue Commissioner, 1941-43; Director, Public Wei-

~ fare, 1948-49; Treasurer, State Highway Department, 1949-50.

Judge, City Court of Leesburg , 1950-60. Has been Director,

~ State Board of Corrections, since 1955.

---
Jefferson Prison Branch, Louisville, Warden W . B. Pippin.
benefit many State agencies, as we will be able to sell our manufactured prison products to them at a substantial savings; and, thus, in the end we believe that the inmates, the State, and the citizens will all benefit from such an industrial program.
The Battey State H ospital Prison Branch located at Rome serves an extremely useful and prod1.1c~ive purpose. There are presently 105 inmates at this institution. All inmates who have tuberculosis in any penal institution in our State are immediately sent to Battey Hospital Prison Branch where they are confined and where they receive the finest medical care that can be afforded any tuberculosis patient. I n addition to having our tubercular prisoner patients amply treated, we furnish to the Battey State H ospital approximately one-half of our colored female population to be us~d as maids and as nurses' assistants. Many of the colored females are actually receiving by experience on-the-job training for practical nursing. In addition, at this institution we also maintain a crew of skilled laborers, carpenters, brick masons, painters, plumbers, and electricians, and .this crew aids and assists in the maintenance of the entire tubercular hospital. We also operate a dairy farm for the Battey State Hospital with one hundred per cent prison labor, as well as operating the pasteurizing 'plant. These various activities and duties of the inniates assigned to this institution afford them an opportunity to equip themselves with some skilled or semi-skilled vocation which has proven, and is continuing to prove, to be most useful to them in securing employment when they are released from confinement.

(CONTINUI!ll ON Nr.xT PAGE)

THE jANUARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN JouRNAL oF CoRRECTION

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The Georgia Industrial Institute at Alto is our penal institution for juveniles, 18 years of age and under, who are committed to serve a sentence in our State penal system. Both white and Negro male juvenile inmates are sent to this institution. We have recently instituted an industry for the building of school desks and chairs at this institution. We also have a wood-work industry established, as well as a clothing and shoe repair industry on a limited basis. In addition to the industries mentioned, we also carry out a dairy farm program, as well as a swine program, at this institution. The inmates at this institution (there are presently 640 confined there ) have a well-balanced athletic program in which they participate; and both the white and Negro football and
How the new prison in Hart County will look. Construction will begin this year. Facilities and equipment will cost $5,000,000.00.
baseball teams have made enviable and outstanding records. ln addition to the athletic program, all inmates are afforded the opportunity of seeing full-length motion pictures twice a week. Here, as well as at all penal institutions in our State, religious services are performed for the inmates each Sunday.
Plans have been formulated and we are moving forward in the establishment of an excellent educational program for these youngsters. A separate school buildinp; -is under construction for the schooling of these 10mates. This program is being worked out in cooperation with our State Department of .Education, and we will secure accredited teachers to teach all of the classes at this institution whereby an inmate who graduates from high school at this penal institution will be given an accredited high school diploma which will be acceptable to any college in ou-r nation. We' have also recently instituted a barber school at this institution so that the young inmates who are interested may receive on-the-job barber training and instruction from a licensed barber or barbers. Such barber instructors will be inmates.
The Colony Prison Farm, in which 496 inmates are presently incarcerated, is located at the Milledgeville State Hospital, which is the mental hospital in our State. Colony Prison Farm maintains a skilled crew of prisoners who are engaged in the construction of dormitories at the hospital and warehouses. A new prison with a housing capacity of 600 inmates has been completed within the last few months. These inmates also aid and assist in the maintenance of the Milledgeville State Hospital.
The white female inmates assigned to this institution are primarily engaged in the manuf~cture of uniforms and other garments worn by the personnel and the patients at the Milledgeville State Hos?ital. The colored female inmates assigned to this institution perform maid service, and are assigned to the laundries and the diningroom. A vast majority of the food preparation has been taken over by our colored female inmates. These inmates are under the supervision of an experienced and qualified dietitian.

Dr. I. H. MacKinnon, superintendent of Milledgeville State Hospital, upon his arrival at that institution said that he was amazed at the outstanding and productive work that the prison inmates were doing in the mental institution and that it was his purpose to continue this program and to increase it as he went along, which he has done. By utilizing the inmates' talents and productive work at this institution, we are saving the taxpayers of our State many hundreds of thousands of dollars; and at the same time the inmates are so employed in various positions that they are equipping themselves to be better citizens when they are returned to a free society.
There are at present 79 Public Works Camps located in various sections throughout our State. These Public Works Camps house prisoners numbering from 25 to 400 inmates. Our Public Works Camps are primarily engaged in the construction and maintenance of roads. However, I would like to point out that these inmates are also employed on many diversified.projects in the counties where these camps are located. For instance, we have built additional public school rooms, many fine gymnasiums, pl\blic health buildings, court houses, post offices, swimming pools, parks, etc. We find that the Public Works Camps offer the individual inmate a good opportunity to learn some trade, mostly that of operating some type of heavy mobile equipment, which equips such inmate with a sound vocation which enables him to find ready gainful employment upon his release from prison. We also find that the inmates in these smaller penal institutions have the advantage over the extremely large penal institutions in that they can receive mme personal attention to their problems and needs during their stay in the prison system.
In the past ten years, we have constructed thirteen new prison branches. These buildings are of very modem d esign and are constructed with masonry block and steel, which are fireproof. These prison branches have the capacity of housing from 75 to 150 inmates, and are located in various sections of our State. The inmates assigned to these institutions are engaged in the maintenance of our highways. These inmates also are engaged in the construction of buildings for the State Highway Dep,artment.
Within the last few months, we have constructed new chapels at four of our prison branches, and chapels will be built at the balance of our prison branches as soon as they can be constructed.
In the Stone Mountain Prison Branch, which was established two years ago, we have one of the most unique and productive programs to be found in any prison system. At present the inmates assigned to this institution are engaged in the construction of Stone Mountain Memorial Park. Stone Mountain, located approximately 16 miles from Atlanta; is nationally and universally known. This park, when completed, will be a credit to the State of Georgia and a lasting monument to the dignity and honor of the Confederate States of America. While many thousands of tc.urists visit Stone Mountain at present, when work is completed on this project this park will no doubt attract tourists from throughout the world.
The majority of the 125 prisoners assigned to the Stone Mountain project are carpenters, plumbers, electricians, brick masons, stone masons, sheet metal workers, and heavy mobile equipment operators; and the prisoners who are assigned to this project who are without a skill are given the opportunity by on-the-job training to become skilled in one of the vocations mentioned above.
Religious activities and services are stressed at thh institution. There is an attractive chapel available to these inmates for religious services.. Also there is an

THE JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN JouRNAL oP CoRRECTION

5

Some of the County Public Works Camps

Coweta Co. Public Works Camp, Newnan, Warden George Haynes

loluscogee Co. Public Works Camp, Columbus, Warden R.G. Yancey

Merriwether Co. Public Works Camp, Greenville, Randolph Co. Publ ic Works Camp, Dougherty Co. Public Works Camp, Albany,

Warden W. E. Baugn

Cuthbert, Warden Henry Lee Dunn, Jr. Warden R. S. Howard, J r.

Spalding Ca. Publ ic Work s Camp, Griffin, Terrell Co. Public Works Camp, Calhoun Co . Public Works Camp, Morgm1,

Warden Thomas F. Wilkerson

Dawson, Warden Grady Finley

Warden M. E. Strickland

adult education program being carried on, and the inmates are reaping the benefits of this fine program.
The duties required of these inma tes are many and varied. They are at present building new roads. clcariug large lake basins, building dams, and con~I ructing new and larger prison barracks. They are a lso engaged in sheet metal work and concrete finishing work. Within a few months, a number of these inmates will be engaged in the construction of a new prison which will be constructed from Stone Mountain granite and will have the capacity of housing 300 inmates. The inmates' morale at this institution is extremely high, for they realize they are doing productive jobs and that their labor and skill is being converted into a park which will be enjoyed, not only by the citizens of the State of Georgia, but by people from throughout the world.
R ecently we have created and established a new division within the Board of Corrections. This new division will be the Division of Education and Welfare for the entire Georgia penitentiary system.
It is believed that the use of prison labor in the eleemosynary institutions, the State Prison, prison branches, and Public Works Camps in so varied trades

and , ora tion is more helpful to the State of Georgia 1han j, the u~l of prisoners in many other states. We lind here that this diversified use of prison labor in and around the hospitals in the construction of buildings and mamtenance of build ings and gro nds and contributing toward the welfare of the patients in the hospitals has a psychological effect on the prisoners that results in the highest type of work therapy in that they have a feeling that they have participated in worthwhile endeavors and have helped a situation in which they have found other people in much worse condition than they are. We cannot overestimate the psychological factors in useful work, and we use our energies and efforts in training our men in the skills and vocations for which there is a job market in our State and in a trade and vocation in which the employer will not inquire too much about the prisoner's background as to previous crimina.! record. We do not waste our energies here in training individuals for trades and vocations for which there is not likely to be a job open or for trades and vocations for which the employer would not likely employ a prisoner who had been guilty of a crime involving dishonesty. The use of
(CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE)

TH E jAN UARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN Jou RNAL OF CoRRECTION

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THE JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN JouRNAL oF CoRRECTION
this prison labor is not considered by the prisoners themselves to be a slave-type labor. The conditions under which they work are comparable to those of laborers in free enterprise.
Mr. J. B. Hatchett, Associate Director of the State Board of Corrections, and Mr. Robert J. Carter, As-
sistant Director of the State Board of Corrections, have a total of forty-three years of experience behind them in administrating the penal affairs of the State of Georgia and are considered to be outstanding public administrators in the penal field.
We in the administrative positions of the State Board of Corrections realize that many problems exist which we must overcome. We realize also that there is room for improvement and that penal progress needs to be made. However, we feel that in many instances Georgia has not only kept pace with progress being made in the penal field but that Georgia has actually set the pace in many phases of modern penal progress.
(Ed. Not&: The following is & report of the livestock inventory and agricultural production at Georgia State Prison Farm, as printed in The Spolr.esman, Spring lssu&, 1961, p. 14.)

GEORGIA STATE PRISON FARM

Total Acres 8,892

Cropland 3,710 Acres

Coastal Bermuda Pastures 2,000 Acres

21 Farm Ponds 200 Acres

Woodland 2,541 Acres

Using a direct method of color separation with proce! . inks, THE SPOKESMA N covers have become, in the past year, full four-calor reprodoctions allowing for duplication of multi-colored art originals.

LIVESTOCK INVENTORY, June 30, 1960
Dairy Herd ....... .. ..... 446 Hens ........................8,879 Swine Herd ..... .......2,028 Pullets .... ..................4,720
Beef Herd 1,206

ACRES CROPS HARVESTED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR

July I, 1959- June 30, 1960

Vegetables ... ... ... .. ... 800 Corn ... .......... ........... 1,500 Millet ....... .. ... .......... 500 Sweet potatoes ........ 75 Oats combined ........ 175

Cotton ..... ................. 95 Oats grazed ......... ... 800 Peas ...... .... ........... ... .. 150 Sugar cane ... ......... .. 100 Silage ................... ... 400

PRODUCTION FOR THE FISCAL YEAR

July I, 1959- June 30, 1960

Dressed pork ......... .... .... ........ .... ............ ...... 620,948 lbs.

Dressed beef .. ... .. .. ......... .. ........ .. ..... .... .. ... .... 250,796 lbs.

Milk .. ......... ....... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ... ..... ... .... ........ 207,250 gals.

Eggs ...... ........... .......... ....... ........ .. ... ............ .. 120,438 doz.

Fryers and hens ..... ..................................... 16,257 lbs.

Syrup ....... ........................................ .... ... .. ... 33,060 gals.

Vegetables (Canned) ... .... .. .. .. .. ...... ... ...... .. 170,623 gals.

Vegetables (To Institution) ..... ......... .... .. .. 2,826,702 lbs.

Corn ... .. ........... .... ........................ ....... ..... ... .. 75,150 bu.

Silage .................................. ...... .. ................. 2,700 tons

Hay ................ ......... ............. .... ..... ... ........... .

436 tons

Lumber.. ... ......... .. ....... ..... .............. .... ..... ..... 151 ,983 bfm

Cotton ..... ....... ... .. .. ........... .......................... .. 24,241 lbs.

Oats ........... .. .................. ........ ........... ... ...... .. 7,000 bu.

MARKET VALU E OF CROPS HARVESTED-$775,526.38

~c a ted i? the_ G. S. ~- print shop, but not a part
of It costw1se, 1s the Inmate publication "The Spokesman". In the field of off-set lithography, the magazine ranks first in the nation's Penal Press.
The Spring issue carries a story entitled You, Too, Can Have Color". The writer explains how inmate ingenuity and inventiyeness.with an eye to economy, have managed to make possible the use of full four-color process lithography throughout the en tire magazine.
In the past year, The Spokesman has risen from an almost obscure position to editorial prominence among the top five Penal Press publications - a mem bership consisting of an estimated 250 magazines. The 40-page, 8~ x 11 quarterly has a circulation of 3,000 an d i s entirely inmate produc ed - without cost to the taxpaye r.
The Spokesman staff is composed of three men an editor, a n artist and a make-up man. All of the writing, the art work and layout is originated and executed by these three. The lithographers, platemakers and pressmen then receive the materials an a produce the magazine.
Text for the maga zine is set on a Vari-Typer by the editor ; heads are set by the compositors or hand lettered by the artist. The artist. was the recipient of two outstanding rewards during the past year: A $350 Purchase Award given by the Kentucky State Art Ex hibit, and another from the Kansas State Fai r. The Spokesman has shown the value o f permitting inmat es to expand their interests and efforts toward the development of better morale.

End

7

GEORGIA STATE RISON BRANCHES

LEE PRISON BRANCH, LEESaURG, WARDEN GEO. SMITH

LOWNDES-TROUPE\LLE PRISON BRANCH, VA L:OSTA,
WARDEN D.. DE VANE
...
CHATHAM PRISON BRANCH IS A COMBINATION STATE PRI SON COUNTY PUBLIC WORKS CAMP. P.W.C. WARDEN WM . D
FAWCE TT.

JEFFERSON PRISON BRANCH , LOUISVILLE , WARDE N W. B. PIPPIN

ROC K QUARR Y PRISON BRANCh3UFORD, WAH DEN J. E. THOMPSON

WAYNE PRI SON BRANCH, JESU P , WARDEN H. A. YA WN

COUNTY PUBLIC WORKS CAMPS

Richomod Co. ?ubl ic Works Camp , Augusto, Clayton Co. Public Works Camp,

\\~nden Millard F. Good ing

Jonesboro, Warden J . C. Adair

Co rroll Co. Publ ic Works C am p, Carrollton, Ward en J. 0. Borders

Dec at ur Co. P ubi i c Works Camp, Bainbridge, Worden C. W. Palm e r

Colqu itt Co. Public Works Camp., Moultrie, Wordenc. B. Williams

Bull o ch Co. Publ i c Works Camp, Statesboro, Warde n Fed Fields

Ba ldwin Co . P ublic Works Camp, Milledgev ille, Burke Co. Public Work s Camp,

War den Jo e. L. Coll ins

Waynes boro, Word en Carlton T. Mills

Cha tham Co. Publi c Works Camp, Ty bee Island, Wa rden William D. F awc ett

10

Myth Exploded

FIRST OFFENDERS CONSTITUTE 58% OF ALL INMATES IN GEORGIA PENAL SYSTEM

The claim has been made, from time to time, that the operation of the Georgia prison system, under policies established by the State Board of Corrections, is producing nothing but recidivists, which is a $2.98 word used by professional criminoligists to describe "repeaters", or one who falls back into prior criminal habits after punishment.

However, the records of the Georgia State Board of Corrections just do not verify such claims. To the contrary, these official records show that most people who serve time in Georgia simply want to stay away from our prisons. In fact, 65 per cent of all felony prisoners, during the last fiscal year (July 1, 1960 -June 30, 1961) were serving sentences for their FIRST offenses. With misdemeanors, 55 per cent were serving for the FIRST offense. The combined felony and misdemeanor prisoners servmg FIRST offenses constituted 58 per cent of the prison population.
This table shows first offenders and multiple offenders for the last fiscal year.

MISDEMEANORS

First offenders

3737

Second offenders

1167

Third offenders

687

Fourth offenders

386

More than four

797

Total

6774

FELONIES

First offenders

1840

Second offenders

416

Third offenders

194

Fourth offenders

131

More than four

218

Total Felonies

2799

Misdemeanors

6774

GRAND TOTAL

9573

Although 6774 persons were received in the pnson system under misdemeanor sentences. the offenses totaled 9195. This variance is caused by some persons being convicted of more than one offense. For instance, one person may be convicted of violating the traffic laws, operating an automobile while intoxicated and abandonment. T-Ie would appear 10 three separate statist.:cs, but only once 10 the prisoner stati sties.
During the fiscal year a total of 9195 misdemeanor crimes were committed by 6774 persons convicted and sen'i:enced to and received in the state penal system. Of this number 1033 were sentenced for abandonment, 1601 for drunkenness, 1251 for operating an automobile while intoxicated and 913 for traffic offenses - a total of 4798; or well over 50 per cent of all misdemeanor sentences.
Fulton county alone, with 14 per cent of the state's population, provided 44 per cent of the state's misdemeanor prisoners - mostly old chronic drunks and misfits of the skid-row type. However, it cost the taxpayers of Georgia $1.30 per day o~ $4?4..50 pe_r year to maintain each one of these chromes 10 a maximum security prison.
11

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50% Fr01n High Schools
WHITE FELONY PRISONERS OUTNUMBER NEGROES IN GEORGIA PENAL SYSTEM
The statistical report of the Board of Corrections for the fiscal year (July 1, 1960 -June 30, 1961) has some eye-opening and eyebrow-lifting information.
For instance, how man y times have you heard it said that in Georgia the prison population was made up of ignorant Negroes?
Let's dispose of the race matter first. Of the 2713 felony prisoners at the end of the statistical year, 1346 were Negroes and 1367 were white. In other words, Georgia had 21 more white felon y prisoners than :\legroes!
The ~egro felonies included 65 females and the white total included 24 females. Thus, there were 62 more white male felon y prisoners than Negro.

ow as to the educationat level:
Despite all the propoganda, the educational level of the felon y prisoner in Georgia ranks favorabl y. In fact, 1272 of the 2713 felonies had attended hi gh school and 69 attended college! That's a total of 134 1 with high school or college training or almost half.
Sixty-five Negroes and 21. white men, total of 86, confessed to no schooling at all. Eighty of these were over 25 years. Therefore, the superstition that the prisons are jammed with illiterates is dissolved with the statistical 3%. Steps are now being taken to eradicate illiteracy among all male adults as has already been done with the prisoners under 19.
In addition to high school and college traininl! received by 1341 felonies, thirty attended the 1st grade, 44 stopped at the end of the 2nd, 101 at the end of the 3rd; 100 at the end of the 4th; 124 at the 5th; 195 at the 6th, 269 at the 7th and 423 at the end of the eighth.

FOUNDATION FOR NEW SCHOOL BUILDING AT GEORGIA INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE RISES

12

WHAT IS THE TRUTH?

Just what is the truth about the crime rate in Georgia and the rest of the nation? ~hat is the source of the official truth concerning the situation?
J. Edgar Hoover, director of the FBI, ac nually prints a report on crime and crime statistics. It is known as the Uniform Crime Reports and, is in fact, the only unimpeachable source of crime statistics on a national scale.
'i\ hat does this official, authentic source say about crime in Georgia and this state's crime as related to the other 49 states? DoesGeorgiareally rank as ~o. 1, as has been intimated in ~orne quarters?
THE TRUTH IS THA1 GEORGIA DOES N'Jf HA~K ~o. 1, 0io. 2 or even No. 10.
The FBI places Georgia far down the list, ~o. 23or just about ordinary for the United States, The latest annual report, relea~ed for publication on .\1on.iay July 24, 1961, for the previous fiscal year ending June 30th, showed that EVERY \\1::-)TEHN STATE, except Idaho, far exceeded Georgia in crime. Georgia was just about average for the s~nrrhe-rn states, excepting Florida, which set,m:; tL> be trying to capture the championship. Florida';.; <.:rime rate, in fact, is exactly double Ceorgi a's, ar:..:nrding tro th c FH I.
The FRI reported t!:at (;t.:or:sia's 3,943,116citizens; in the last official summary connnitted 3,1143 crimes
involving (1) murder and non-negligent manslaughter, (2) rape, (3) robbery, (4) aggravated assault, (5) burglary, (6) larceny of over $50 and (7) theft of auto-
mobiles,
These H'Oorts thus give Georgia an FBI crime rating of 886.3 per 100,000 population, The FBI consolidated crime rate for the entire United States was 10'37.9 per 100,000 compared to Georgia's886.3.
\low how does Georgia stack up with the South and other geographic areas, as recorded in the FBI reports? Georgia was grouped by the FBI in an area named ' South Atlantic" comprising Florida, Georgia, South Carol ina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Celaware. \Xest Virginia and the District of Columbia, (~OTE: The statistics for this group and the entire
nation, state by state, are on pages 14 and 15.) As a group, these states had a crime rating of
976.9 per 100,000 or much higher than Georgia's 886.3.
Here are the ratings of the individual states in the
South Atlantic grouping:

FLORIDA 0!0RTH CAROliNA SOUTH CAROLINA VIRGINIA MARYLA.l\l"D DELAWARE WEST VIRGINIA

1,609.0 693.0 825.0 823.0
931.5 969.3 456.8

Our bordering states of Alabama and Tennessee were placed in another geographic arrangement by the FBI. Alabama had a rating of 818.8 and Tennessee
847.2. Since Georgia is below average for the nation and
the region, let's take a look at another area where

virtue, honor and integrity are so rampant- especially on TV - the WEST, Alas, however, Georgia will have to go some and very fast at that to catch up with the criminals in the West, which is truly wild now.
Just look at these crime rates per 100,000 for the western group:

TEXAS ARIZONA COLORA CO MONTA.\TA NEVADA NEW :\1EXICO UTAH
CALIFORNIA OREGON WASHINGTON ALASKA HAWAII ICAHO

1177.5 1G?8.6 1253.0 982.3 199 3.1 1331.3 1118.8 1976.5 924.2
1033.2 1031.1 1102.6 701\.3

Hawaii, incidentally, was the only one of the western states to report a decrease. Our newest state ctroppea its crime incidence rate from 1201 to 1102.6, but even at that, this Paradise of the Pacific still is far ahead of Georgia in crime.
Thus, it w0uld appear to any reasonable person
that Georgia seems to be a pretty good place to build a home or industry.

13

Tahle 2.-lnrl<x of Crimf' l)y Gf'ol!rnpltic c

Total otlrn5<'s

~In nlrr and
nonnrl!1i~t'nt

Forcihl~ rape

.\rea

Ye:w Population

n1ans.Iau!!ht('r

Xuml:>rr

n atr prr
100.000

~um- Ratr ))('r :Num- Hate JWr l:>rr 100,000 her 100,000

---- --- --- ---- ---

i"outh Atlantil"'------ 19~9

~5. (i~l$, liS

:.?~S. 7f~

soo. ~

2, 3t'-1

9. 2 2,146

1nJO

~5, ~171, 73:!

~.'>;l, 718

~f;'tl. 9

2, !127

9. 7 2,024

Pfrrolt

l'hl>n~t."

----------

--------------------

-

+10.9 ----

-

-+9.-7

- -+u.-s - +-5.-4

-5.7

Delaware. _________ 1959

443,158

3,852 SG9. 2

18

4.1

32

19W Florida ___ .. ________ 1959

Htl, :.?P:? 4,Hitl,WI

4, 3:2t) !hl9. 3 67, ;;s 1.3~6. 0

20

6. 5

37

500

10.2

416

19ti0 Grorgia __ ---------- 1959
!900 :O.Iaryland _______ --- 1959

4, !~51' 5f.tl - 3, fill, :!40
3, 943,))6.
3,072, 999

79. tli:? 31,643 .. ~ "27, 467

1,1>09.0 807.8
893.8

__ ---m 520

10.5

418

'24

g~t

416

136

4. 4

19f...l

3,100, t>S9

28,884 931.5

170

5. 5

2:!6

X orth Carol'ina ____ 1959

4, ,11:!3, tl._~1

29,535 652.9

401

8.9

370

1900

4, ~~56, ltt5

31,575 693.0

458

10.1

33!

Soutll Caroliru _____ 1959

2,358, 251

18,205 77:!.0

288

12.2

204

\'irginia ____________

!9W 1959

2, 3&2, 594 3, ~98, 778

19, t~ns :?!l. fi{~

1'2t1. 7 it'S. 3

316

13.3

224

343

8.8

286

l!lliO

3, Pt>O, 949

3:?, tl-47 823.0

395

10.0

288

We~t \'irginil ______ 19[9

1,8-J'i,OS:!

S,43S 456.8

81

4.4

110

1900

1,8t<l,421

s. f-81 4m. 6

82

4.4

81

East South C;-.maL 1959

11.950. fit1S

8.\ (J96 712.1

1, 071

9.0

821

19ti0

12, 0.50, 126

91.209 756.9

1,153

9.6

738

Percent el:wlg~--- -------- --------------

.\Jabama__________ 19~9

3,244.386

+7.2 24,343

- - - +6.3

+7.7 -t 6. 7 -10.1

------

750.3

418

12.9

268

19ti0 Kentucky __________ 1959

3,200, 740 3.012.051

26, 749 :.>2,1>49

818.8 751.9

423

12.9

272

159

s:3

205

19ti0

3,038,15tl

24,666 811.9

208

6.8

167

::\Iisslssippi_______ 1959

2.1f2, 422

9,090 420.4

247

11.4

116

191'() Tfnnessee__________ 1959

2,178.141 3. 531,809

9. 574 29.014

439.5 821.5

218 .l(J.O

112

247

7:0

232

l!ll'~
"e>t South c..~traL. 19<9

3, 56i, OS9 16.806.908

30,220 150,020

84i. 2 892.7

304 1,436

8. 5

187

8.'5 1, 4i3

19<'{1

16, fl51. 2~5

Percent r!:lw~e ___ -------- --------------

Arkan~as ___________ 1959

1, i72, 428

--------- 182. 113 1,074.3

1, 447

8.5 1,657

+21.4 -+-20.-3 - -+.-8 - - - +12.5

9.906 558.9

184

10.4

139

HJf,O

I, 786.272

10.355 57\l. 7

!54

8.6

!56

I.oui~i3na_ ------- __ 19.'.9

3.230. 932

~- f.SO 702.0

183

5. 7

206

1%0

3. 257,022

33,496 1,028.4

284

8. 7

311

Oklahoma ________ 1959

2,300, 513

19,858 863.2

154

6. 7

254

1960

2,328. 284

25.461 1.093.6

175

7.5

209

Tf'X3S_ -------------
l\I ountaln ____________

1959
1%0 1959

9, 503,035 9, 579.677 6, 783,688

97,585 1, 026.9 112, SOl 1;177. 5 76,145 1,1~.5

915

9.6

874

834

8. 7

891

305

4. 5

710

1960

6,855,060

PerCE'nt eh:mge___ -------- --------------

85,803 1, 251. 7

31!)

4. 7

798

+12. 7 +ll.5 - +-4.-6 - -+4.-4 +12.4

8. 7.8 - ..7.1
7.2 8.3 8.5 8.4 10.6 7.6 7.1 7. 3 8. 2 7. 3 8. 7 9. 4 7.3 7.3 6.0 4. 4 6.9 6.1 -11.6
8.3 8.3 . 6.8
5.5 5. 4 0.1 6.6 5. 2 8.8 9.8 +n.4
7.8 ~. 7 6. 4 9.5 11.0 12.8 9.2 9.3 10.5 11.6 +to.5

.\ rizona_ ----------- 1&59

1,282, 405

Colora,lo ___________

1960 1959

1,302,161 I, 735,315

19<',0

1, 753,947

Idaho ______________ 1959

fiti3,606

::II ontana ___________

1960 1959

667,191 Wl,022

19f~

674,767

XeYada_ ----------- 1959

281,348

1960 Xew ::llexieo_______ 1959

285,278 943,348

rtah _______________

I!IW 1959

951,02.3 &83. 066

19<',0

&90,627

Wyoming__________ 19;,9

326, 5i8

1960

330,0G6

Pad tic. ______ ------- 19.''",9

20.955,95.3

I !II:;()

21,198,044

Perren! ch:mge___ -------- --------------

-~laoka _-----------C a l i f o r n i a __________
H 2 waii ----------- __ Ongou _____ ---- ____ "~ n~hington ________

1!/:.g 1960
1!15~
19fJl HI 59
!!!"AI
1959 1960 1959 19f,O

223,~
2'2G,1tji
15, 5.10. 973 15, iii, 204
620,582 f.32, 772 ], 71;6,366 I, 768,687 2,824,144 2,853, 214

19,239 21,337 20,550 21,977 4,364 4,699
5, 7i0 6,628 5,390 5,686 tr;039 12,661 7,304 9, !!64 2. 4&9 2, 851 305,113 365,781
+19.9
2.1~
2.:>J2 2!14,U.",.S 310. !:4.)
i, 453 6,977 14,392 16,347 27,055
29.4h0

1,500.2 1,638.6 1,184.2 1,253.0
657.6 704.3 Jl63. 7 982.3 1,915.8 I, 993.1 1,170. 2 1, 331.3 827.1 1,118.8 762.1 863.8 I, 4.'.6. 0
l, 725. ' +18.5
963.9 I, 031.1 l,li:J5. 8 I, 976..~ 1,201.0 1,102.6
819.4 924.2
~;,r.(O
l. ()J3. 2

67

5.2

195

15.2

79

6.1

210

1<i.l

94

5.4

205

11.8

74

4.2

234

!3.3

15

2.3

34

5.1

16

2.4

47

7.0

27

4.0

53

7.9

26

3.9

49

7.3

22

7.8

48

17.1

25

8.8

36

12.6'

57

6.0

81

8.6

69

7.3

114

12.0

9

1.0

il

8.0

14

1.6

85

9. 5

14

4.3

23

7. 0

16

4.8

23

7. 0

6.'30

3.0 3,216

15.5

- - -1W +20.6

3.6. 3,283
-+-20.-0 - -+t.-l

__ .., __1_5_._5_

12

5. 4

17

i. 6

23

10.2

47

20.8

508

3.3 2,586

18.6

618

3.9 2,liS2

IR3

17

2. 7

23

3. 7

15

2.4

21

3.3

39

2.2

146

8. 3

43

2. 4

165

9.3

54

1.9

174

6.2

61

2.1

1()8

5.9

0) t!J./J ~lJJ h;d in l~Jj tOP

I up\\:ml bcoe<l on records and rtJ.-. 1mg changes by several agencies and retlec-

Dil'isions alHI Statf's, 1959-60-Conlinucd

Robbery

Aggravated assault

Burglary

Larceny $50 and

Auto theft

O\'er

- - - - - -- - - - ---------

--~---

Xutnbrr

RaiL' per 100,000

:\'umber

Rate per 100,000

:\'umber

Rate per 100,000

X umber

Rate per 100,000

!'>umber

Rate per 100,01)')

---- --- ----- ---- ---- --- ---- ---- ---

8, 440 10,002 +18.5

32.8 30, 896

120.2 100,052

389.3 50,308

19.). 8 31,536

131.5

38.5 30, 890

liS. 9 II 1, 481

410.8 .57, 279

~0.5

36,51.5

Ill), 6

+li.4

-

(')
-

-

-

-1.1
--

-+-14.-4

-+-13-.2

-

+13.9 ----

+12.6 ---

-

-+5.-7

-

-+4-.5

114 151 3,010

25.7 34. 5
61.6

94 94 5,679

21.;!
21. I 116.1

2,050 2, 486 34,282

462.6 5.oi. 0 701. I

i85 800
15,002

17i. I
li9. 3 306.8

7;j9 726 8.886

171.3
162.7 1~1. 7

4,018 1,038
1,048 1, 258
1. 174 674 7i4 357
486 1,044
1,004 238 251
2a.,9m16

81.1 26. 5
20.6 40.9
37.9 14.9 17.0 15. 1
20.4 26.8 25.3 12.9
13.5 24.4
~.i

5, 677 3, 983
3,899 2,W7 2, 794
8,242 8, 297 2,684 2, 434
4,062 4,051
581
660 8, 749
8,837

114. 7
101.7 98.9
87.8 90.1 182.2 182. 1
113.8 102.2 104.2
102.1 31.5
35.5 73.2
73.3

41,0i8
13, 757 16,092 9, 858 11, 372
11,500 11, 763
8,104 8, 849 12,128
13, 738 4, 157 4, 446 40,074
44.702

829.6 3f>l. 2 408. 1
320.8 366.8
254.2 258.2 343.6 371.4 311. 1
316.3 225.1
239.0 335.3
371.0

18, 126 6, 374
7,072 7, 416 7, 432
5,117 6,388
4, 598 4, 895 i,l96
8,410 1, 880 1, 831 18,466
19,845

366.1 162.7 179.4 241.3 239.7
113.1 140.2 195.0 205.4
184.6 212.0 101.8
98.4 154.5
164. 7

9,835 5, 551 6,061
5, 884 5, 716 3,231
3, 561 1, 970 2,494 4, 895 4, 761 1, 391
1, 330 12,999
12, i12

198.6 Hl.7 153.7
191. 5 1S4.3 71.4 78.2
83.5 104.7 12.5. 6
120.0 75.3
71.5 10~. 8 105.5

+10.5

+9.4

- -+-LO-

-

-+.-1

- -+1-1. -5

- -+1-0.-6

- -+-7.5-

- -+-6.6-

-2.2
----

-3.0
----

815

2.5.1

3,601

111.1 10,443

321.9

5,667

174.7

3,128

96.4

879

26.9

4,026

123.2 12,040

368.6

5,986

183.2

3,123

95.6

8.ol

28.3

1, 367

45.4 10,'297

341.9

5, 578

185.2

4,192

139.2

1,0~4

33.7

1, 574

51.8 11,447

3i6.8

6, 427

211.5

3,819

125.7

300

13.9

1, i94

83.0

3, 873

179. 1

1,874

86.7

886

H.O

326

15.0

1, 438

66.0

4, 471

205.3

1,955

89.8

1,054

48.4

950

26.9

1,984

56.2 15,461

437.8

5, 347

151.4

4, 793

135.7

993

27.8

1, 799

50.4 16, 741

469.4

5, 477

153.5

4, il6

132.2

5,109

30.4 13,324

79.3 69.419

413.0 33,999

202.3 25,269

150.3

6, 212

3t..8 15.099

89.1 89.580

528.5 39,174

231.1 28,914

170.6

+~.2

+2!.1

+13.3
---

+12.4 ----

+29.0
---

- -+28-.0- -+-15.-2

-+-14.-2

- -+1-4.-4

- -+-13-.5

.JIG

25.2

910

51.3

4, 691

264.7

2,593

146.3

943

53.2

447

25.0

1.013

56.7

4, 893

273.9

2,861

lti0.2

831

46.5

1,189

36.8

1, 505

46.6

9,152

283.3

5.~6

161.7

5,219

1~1. 5

1, 721

52.8

2, 542

78.0 13,394

411.2

7,907

242.8

7,337

~5.3

564

21.5

iH

32.2

9.008

391.6

5,956

258.9

3,181

138.3

936

40.2

838

36.0 12,495

536.7

6,076

261.0

4,642

199.4

2,910

30.6 10,168

107.0 46, 568

490.0

20,~4

212.8 15,926

167.6

3,138

32.8 10,706

111.8 58, 798

613.8

~.330

233.1 16, 104

168.1

2,968

43.8

3, 072

45.3 31,724

467.7 20,819

306.9 16, 547

243.9

3, 402

49.6

4, 013

58.5 36,176

527.7 23,646

344.9 17,449

254.5

---- ---- - - - +14.6

+13.2 -+-30-.6 - -+2-9.1- - -+H-.O- +12.8

+13.6

-

+12.4 ---

-

-+-5.5-

+4.3

618

48.2

1, 200

93.6

i.3H

572.4

4,969

38'7.5

4,849

3i8.1

711

5t6

1, 564

120.1

8,947

687.1

5,404

415.0

4,4~

339.6

1, 253

72.2

673

38.8

9,366

539.7

5,018

289.2

3,941

227.1

.1, 403

80.0

719

41.0 10,167

579.7

5, 566

317.3

3,814

217.5

i6

11. 5

124

18.7

l, 827

275.3

1,535

231.3

753

113.5

93

13.9

98

14.7

2,010

301.3

1, 768

265.0

667

100.0

159

23.8

119

17.8

2, 347

351.3

1, 775

265.7

1, 290

193.1

189

28.0

165

24.5

2, 708

401.3

1, 817

269.3

1,674

248.1

300

106.6

109

38.7

2,697

958.6

1, 320

469.2

894

317.8

211

74:0

144

50.5

2,600

913.5

1, 546

511.9

1, 118

391.9

348

36.9

555

58.8

3,919

418.6

3, 035

321.7

3,014

319.5

3fJ8

3S. 7

846

89.0

4,136

434.9

3, 5!l9

378.4

3,529

3il.l

!G5

18.7

2'29

25.9

3, 254

368.5

2,170

245. i

1,406

159.2

250

2S. I

307

31.5

4, f>11

517.7

2,851

320.1

1,846

207.3

49

1.~.0

63

19.3

!113

2S8.8

9!17

305.3

400

122.5

177

5.1.6

liO

51.5

!l91

300.2

1,095

331.8

379

lH.S

12,kfl\

(j]. 5

17, G<J!)

81.0 134,833

61:!.1 81,6<>1

3S9.6 51.250

258.9

17,002

so.~

19,932

!li.O lt;s, 763

796.1 95, 396

450.0 ti0,645

286.1

+3!.9

+30.4 ----

+13.2 -----

+1!.9
---~-

+25.2 ---

-+-23

. -i

-+-16-.8

+15.5 ---

-+-11-.8

- -+-10-.5

57

2.')_ 5

94

42.0

[l-t3

2!2. 5

706

315.3

720

325.6

(jj
11. 4t\3

2S. 3 73.8

10!! 16,678

45. 1

1~111

107.4 Ill, tH3

3.32. 1
718. s

197 6t\,3H

3;l:!. 4 1:!7. 2

518 4!,5:13

2-1:!. 3 '2St'.1

to, 105

!18.0 18, 8!16

120.2 143. 5:>3

913.3 7i, 72.1

4\ll. 5 51, 5()1.)

3:?$.1

108

17.4

[;!)

!l. 5

3, 714

598.5

1, 520

211.9

2,012

324.2

!\9

10.9

33

5. 2

3,328

525.9

l,HOJ

231.9

I, 708

:!l)!l.9

494

~S.l

383

21.8

6.338

3t;().!l

4,817

27-t. 3

2,175

123.8

!iH5
7W
X(~J

31.!1
<..) .I... ..)
31. -~

4f>O 3!15 411

26.0 14.0 15.5

i. 1~6 12, 5~15
13. !115

4tM\. 3 4H\.0 48~. 7

5,612
s. 2ti7
H.4:i9

317.3 :.,~)2. 7
:w. 5

2,3\ti
4, 801 4. ;;o;

1:1o.!l 170.0 J:.S.O

12) Inl'lutles the ni,trkt of Columbia.

Table 2.-lllde.t of Crime by Gcographie lJidsions and States, 1959-60

.\rea

I Y~nr

Popuhltlon

Total off~nses

.\lurdt'r 3lH1 J10Il1H~J:Jigc.'ll t
manslaughter

Forcible rape

--- ---

Continental Unitd

1959 177,709,512

States I

1960 179,323, 175

Percent chaJlle..

--------------

Xew England ........ 1?59

10,425, 543

1900

10, 50\l, 367

Perrnt cban~e...

--------------

Connecticut. ______ . ~Iaine...... -----..)Iassachmetts______ Xew HaiLpshire~--Rhode Island______ Vermont. __________
::\riddle .\tlantie.... Percent change...

1959 1900 1959 1900 19o9 1900 1959
1900 1959 1900 1959
1900 1959 1900

2, 5H. ;;g;
2, 535, 234 964, 2:l.)
969,265 5,1H, 558 5, 148, 578
599,543 606,921 S45, 019 859,488
387, Z91 389,881 33,834,111
34, 168,452
---;----------

Xew Jersey_________ 1959

6, 018,570

Xew York_________

1900 1959

6,066, 782 16,596,507

Pe.nru;ylvania ______

1900 1959

16,782,304 II, 219,034

1900

11,319,366

East Xorth CentraL. 1959

35, 9Si, 629

1900

36, 225,024

Percent chaJlle...

-------------

Illinois_____________ 1959

10,012,612

1900

10,~1,15S

Indiana_----~---_- .. 1959

4, 637,005

1900

4, 662,498

:\Iiehigan.......... 1959

7, 774, 787

1900

i, S23, 194

Ohio .. ------------- 1959

9, 637,371

'Yi5eon8n _________ -

1900 1959

9, 706,397 3, 925,854

1900

3, 951,777

West Xorth Central. 1959

15,266,894

1960 . 15,391,115

Percent change... -------- --------------

Iowa.------------Kansas ... ---------::II!nnesota. -------~l!ssourl. --------Xebraska. -------Xorth Dakota....-i:outh Dakota______

!959
1960 1959 1900 1959 1900
1959 1960 1959
1960 1959
1960 1959
lt'60

2, 736,408 2, 757,537 2,161, 421 2,178, 611 3,393,302 3, 413,864 4, 273,174 4, 319,813 1,398, 875
1, 411,330 626,976 632,446 676,738
6S0,514

flee footnotes at end of table.

X umber R;,lfe per :"Jum- Rate per 100,000 ber !00,000
---- ---

I, 630,403 I, 881,261
+tq
69, 8.._"'3 76, ;'53 +9.8
1.5, 867 17,188 4, 615 5, 233 36,218 39,046
2,821 2,076
~.942
11,100 I, 420 2,110
284,367 313,580
+10.3
51,012 00,306 159, 764 li5,374 73,591 77,900 328,512 376,353 +14.6
128, 648 145,210 35, 9&! 39,896 83, 749 96,298 63,312 74,655 16,823 20,294 102,495 115,951 +13.1
12,782 14,249 13,618 14,669 20,132 26,077 43,535 47,332
6,271 7,399 2,112 2,374 4,045 3,8&1

917. ~

8, 5S3

4. 8

1,037.9 9,138

5.1

+13.1

+8.4 +8.3

------

670.3

133

1.3

730.3

153

1. 5

+9.0 -+-15.-0 -+-15.-4

(,30. 9

33

1.3

6;'8. 0

42

1.7

47K6

H

1.5

539.9

16

1.7

708.1

(,()

1.2

758.4

7';

1. 5

470.5

16

2. 7

342. 1 1,"058.2

s 8

1. 3 .9

1,291. 5

9

1.0

366.6

2

.5

541.2

I

.3

840.5

926

2.7

917. i

971

2.8

- - - +9.2 - +-4.-9 +3.7

847:6

144

2.4

994.0

177

2.9

962.6

497

3.0

1,04~.0

451

'2. 9

655.9

2S5

2.5

6SS. 2

313

2.8

912.8 1,290

3.6

1,038.9 1, 430

3.9

- - - - - - +13.8 +10.9 +8.3

1, 284.9

455

4. 5

I, 440.4

511

5.1

. 775.9

158

3.4

&55. 7

207

4.4

1,077. 2

325

4.2

1;230.9

338

4.3

656.9

307

3.2

709.1

323

3.3

428.5

45

1.1

513.5

51

1.3

671.4

427

2.8

753.2

376

2.4

- - - - - - +12.2 -11.9 -14.3

"'467.1

39

1.4

516.7

17

.6

630.0

51

2.4

673.3

69

3.2

593.3

35

1.0

763.9

43

1.3

1,018.8

246

6.8

1,095. 7

197

4.6

448.3

39

2.8

524.3

33

2.3

336.9

3

.5

375.4

3

.6

597. 7.

14

2.1

~65.9

H

2.1

Nun1~ Rate per ber 100,000

15,164 15, (>(>~
+2.8

8. ~ 8.7
+2.4

391 464
+1R 7

3. 8 4. 4 +15.8

iS 107
41 48
231 255 18 25 18
20 5 9 2,513
2,568
+2.1

3.1 4. 2 4. 3
5.0 4. 5
5.0 3.0 4. 1 2. 1
2.3 1.3
2.3 7.4 7. 5
+1.4

447 479 1,037 1,064 1,029 1,023 3,017 3,138
f4.0

7.4 7.9 6.2 6.3 9. 2 9.0 8. 4 K7
+3.6

1,225 1,254
252
220 882 970 534 583 123
111 847
887
+4.1'

12.2
12.4 5. 4 4. 7 11.3 12.4
5.5 6.0 3.1 2.8 5:5 5.8
+5.5

83

3.0

103

3. 7

129

6.0

116

5.3

79

2.3

84

2.5

414

9. 7

474

11.0

77

5.5

59

4.2

23

3. 7

14

2.2

42

6.2

37

5.4

Robbery

Aggnwated assault

Burglary

Larceny $50 and o.-er

Autq theft

!\umber
75, 198 88,970 +18.3
I, 473 I, 502 +5.7
338 240 84 77 842 1,093 40 18 169 125
5 9 13, 139 14,279 +8.7
2,298 2, 790 7,116 7, 405 3, 725 4,084 23,393 27,845 +19.0
13,753 16,102 1,302 1, 606 4, 714 5, 764 3,318 4,038
306 335 4,862 5,414 +11.4
247 308 538 454 663 1,003 3,113 3,293 170 254 30 40 101 62

Rnte per !\umber Rate per !\umber Rate per !\umber Rate per NUi1lber Rate per

100,000

100,000

100,000

100,000

100,000

--- --- --- --- -------

42.3 123, 593

69. 5 898,307

392.9 415,781

234.0 293,779

18~.3

49.8 130.230

72.8 821, Oo7

457.9 474,911

.264. 8 321,402

179.2

= = = +17.3

+o.4

+4.5 +17.8

--- -------

+18.5

+14.2

+13.2

+9.4

+8.4

II. 2

2. 016

19.3 30.949

2~6.9

17,637

169.2 17,279

16.5. 7

14.9

1,91:3

1~. 2 33.219

316.1 20,459

194.7 18.983

180.6

+4.9

-

-5.1
--

-

--5.-7

-

-+7

.-3

-

-+-6.5-

-+-16-.0

-

-+1-5.1-

+9.9

+9.0

13.4

6U

25.5

7,902

314.2

4,276

170.0

2,599

103.3

9.5

5.';1

21.9

8,383

330.7

4,539

179.0

3, 323

131.1

8. 7

117

12.1

2,119

219.8

1,249

129.5

991

102.8

7.9

104

10.7

2,384

216.0

1, 461

150. 7

1,143

117.9

16.5

990

19.4 14, 704

287.5

8,670

169.5 10, 721

209.6

21.2

1,037

20.1 15,954

309.9

9,5.12

185.1 11,098

215.6

6. 7

29

4.8

1,676

279.5

601

100.2

441

73.6

3.0

30

4.9

1, 108

182.6

537

1!8. 5

350

57.7

20.0

229

27.1

3, 742

442.8

2,540

300.6

2, 236

264.6

14.5

170

19.8

4,446

517.3

3,603

419.2

2, 727

317.3

1. 3

10

2.6

806

208.1

301

. 77.7

291

75.1

2.3

18

4.6

944

242. I

787

201.9

342

87.7

38.8 22,061

65.2 106,639

315.2 88, 191

260.7 50.898

150.4

41.8 22,097

64.7 118,008

34.). 4 99,000

289.7 56,659

165.8

+7.7 - -+-.2-

-.8 +10. i

- - - - - - - - +9.6

+12.3 +11.1
---- ----

+11.3

+10.2

38.2

3,416

56.8 21, 824

362.6 12,289

204.2 10,594

176.0

46.0

3,629

59.8 26,611

438.6 14, 373

236.9 12,247

201.9

42.9 12,588

75.8 50,206

302.5 61,084

368.1 27,236

164.1

44.1 12,385

73.8 56,445

336.3 67,690

403.3 29,904

178.2

33.2

6,057

5t.O 34,609

308.5 14,818

132.1 13,068

116.5

36. 1

6,083

53.7 34,952

308.8 15,937

149.6 14.508

128.2

65.0 21,179

58.9 135,600

379.7 78,358

217.7 64,615

179.5

76.9 22,742

62.8 100,824

444.0 90,244

249.1 70, 130

!93.6

- - - ---- - - - +18.3

+7.4

+6.6 -+-17.-7 - -+1-6.9- -+-15-.2 - -+1-4:-4 - -+-8.5-

+7.9

137.4

9,1.54

91.4 4t. 559

445.0 31,266

312.3 28,235

282.0

159.7

9. 496

94.2 52.564

521.4 34,285

340.1 30.997

307.5

28.1

I, 433

30.9 17. 725

382.3

;, 921

170.8

7,189

155.0

34.4

1, 745

37.4 20,035

429.7

8, 522

182.8

7,561

162.2

00.6

6. 949

89.4 39,652

510.0 17,561

225.9 13,666

175.8

73.7

7, 510

96.0 45,324

592.1 21,429

273.9 13,963

178.5

34.4

3,024

31.4 27. 701

287.4 16,219

168.3 12.209

126.7

41.6 3,322

34.2 34.013

350.4 18,970

195.4 13,406

138.1

7.8

619

15.8

7.023

li8.9

5,391

137.3

3,316

84.5

8. 5

669

16.9

7.888

199.6

7,037

178.1

4,203

106..

31.8

4,687

30.7 47, 957

314.1 26,349

172.6 17,366

113.7

35.2

4, 707

30.6 55,304

359.3 29,868

194.0 19,395

126.0

+10.7 - - +-.4- - - --.3- - -+1-5.-3 -+-14-.4 - -+1-3.-4 - -+1-2.-4 - -+1-1. -7 - -+-10-.8

9.0

230

8. 4 6.013

219.7

4, 251

155.3

1,919

70.1

11.2

239

8. 7 6. 439

233.5

5,017

181.9

2,126

77.1

24.9

633

29.3

7,044

325.9

3,488

161.4

1, 735

80.3

20.8

632

29.0

7, 7-iZ

355.4

3, 674

168.6

1.982

91.0

19.5

275

8.1

9.221

271.7

5,930

lit. 8

3,929

115.8

29.4

368

10.8 12.294

300.1

7,443

218.0

4. 842

141.8

72.8 3,243

75.9 20.031

468.8

9,193

215. 1

7.295

170.7

76.2

3,093

71.6 22.610

523.4 10,018

231.9

7, 647

177.0

12.2

177

12.7

2. 834

202.6

1, 539

110.0

1, 435

102.6

18.0

233

16.5

3,272

231.8

1. 772

125.6

1, 7i6

125.8

4.8

34

5.4

1,095

174.6

553

88.2

374

59.7

6.3

33

5.2

1. 200

199.2

591

93.4

433

GS. 5

14.9

95

14.0

1, 719

254.0

1,395

206.1

679

100.3

9.1

109

16.0

1,687

217.9

1,353

198.8

589

86.6

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