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Rock Oucmy Prison, Buford
The Georgia Penitentiary System by J. M. Forrester, Director State Board of Corrections Atlanta, Georgia
From: January-February American Journal of Correction
See Pages 3 - 7
T E NN
N
c
LOCATIONS OF PUBLIC WORK CAMPS AND STATE PRISONS AND CAMPS
Effective as of June 30, 1961
s 0
~ Public Works Camp
I State Prison or C~mp
County having both Public Works Camp and State Prison or Camp
....J
F
L
0
R
D
THIS ENTIRE PUBLICATION LITHOGRAPHED
2
AT THE GEORGIA STATE PRISON
The Georgia Penitentiary System
By J. M. FORRESTER
Director, State Board of Corrections Atlanta, Ga.
J. M. Forrester
T HE Georgia State Prison at Reidsville is the largest principal penal institution in our State. Construction of this prison was completed in 1938, and it was planned to have a housing capacity of 2,000 inmates. At present we are overcrowded in this institution, as we have con-
Aerial view of Georgia State Prison
fined there 2,392 inmates. In the past ten years many new programs have been initiated, and the inmate employment at this institution is very well diversified. For instance, we have an excellent program in conjunction with the Georgia Department of Forestry. This program includes the planting and care of pine seedlings. This operation is one of the largest carried on anywhere in the country, and it affords gainful employment to a number of the inmates in an interesting and productive capacity, as this project affords the inmates an opportunity to learn some phase of the forestry busin;!SS which has proven to be conducive to the inmates' rehabilitation. At present, approximately 9,000 man-days :ue being utilized annually on .this forestry nursery project. The inmates assigned to this project are given on-the-job instruction and training by an experienced and qualified forester Our present plans also include a vastly expanded program in the field of forestry which will employ many more of our inmates.
At the Georgia State Prison through OUl' fine agricultural program we are now producing more than one hundred per cen~ of the vegetables necessary to maintain our population,.and we operate a cannery in conjunction with our farm program.* The excess vegetables are canned and sold to other eleemosynary institutions in our State below market price, thus affording a savings to these other State institutions and a savings to the taxpayers of our State. Our beef herds and dairy herds
su livestock inventory and agricultural product ion at end of article .
have been improved and their productions increased. We are now producing 80 per cent of all the beef consumed and 100 per cent of all poultry products. The many hundreds of 'inmates who are assigned to the various !arming details are afforded the opportunity of performmg their duties under the supervision and guid~ce of farm supervisors who hold B.S. degrees (agr~culture ) and their highly trained and especially qual~e? assistants in the agricultural field.
Wtthm the walls of the Georgia State Prison we have recently modernized and enlarged our print shop, :t,..<l we are now doing work in this section for several of our State agencies and we are able to keep some of our inmates gainfully employed in this project. We have only recently re-established, modernized, and enlarged our garment factory; and out p. oduction in this division has recen~ly increased many times over its former production capacity.
Recently we have !'urchased and installed new rmchinery for the manufacturing of automobile license plates which has tripled our proquction in the manu facture of license plates. Our plans are to increase our metal operation in conjunction with the manu-
facturing of automobile license plates to include metal shelving and other allied metal products.
Within the btst six years we have constructed and completed fifty-four new homes. These homes are constructed of masonry block and include all of the latest conveniences and equipment. These houses are furnished the custodial officers for a very nominal fee (approximately ten dollars monthly ) as .a . . inge benefit and subsidy to the custodial officers' salaries, which has enabled us to attract better-qualified men as custodial officers at this institution.
Recently we have been fortunate in acquiring the services (full time) of an outstanding physician and surgeon to head up our medical program at the Georgia State Prison. The nP.w director of our medical program at the Georgia State Prison will be ably assisted by a s~~ond physician and surgeon and two general practitioners. All are qualified and outstanding physicians, and we think we have a medical program which is second to none. Georgia State Prison is equipped with a most modern hospital and all equipment necessary for its efficient functioning.
In addition to the medical program, we also have a fully qualified Psychiatric Board composed of two outstanding psychiatrists and a qualified medical doctor to look after and examine the inmates who present a mental problem. I would like to advise also that, when an inmate is adjudged to be psychotic by our Psychiatric Board, such inmate is immediately removed from the
prison population and transferred to Milledgeville State
THE jANUARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN Jou RNAL OF CoRRECTION
3
Hospital, Milledgeville, Georgia, where he receives such treatment as his case may demand.
Through the cooperation of the State Department of Education, we have instituted to some degree an adult educational program; and our efforts are being extended in the direction of enlarging and accelerating our adult
educational program. For the inmates' benefit in the past few years we have
constructed a chapel which is a complete and separate building from all of the other buildings in the prison in order that the inmates may have the proper atmosphere in which to worship. We have found that the chapel,
ing from 1,200 to 1,800 inmates. This new prison is necessary to alleviate overcrowded conditions in many of our penal institutions.
It is believed that a highly industrialized prison, such as our new prison will be, will be extremely beneficial to the individual inmate in affording him gainful employment during his incarceration and equipping him with a trade or vocation which will be highly conducive to his rehabilitation once he is returned to a free society. It is also our plan that, once our prison industrial program is in full force and effect, we will be able to pay incentive wages to the inmates. Our industrial program can also
Chatham Prison Branch, Sa vannah, Warden P. 0. Youmans.
Note: Chatham Prison Branch is 11 combination state prison and county public works camp. P. W. C. Warden Wm. D. Fawcett.
by being separated from the balance of the prison buildings, is having a very fine effect on our inmate population. We have full-time chaplains who carry out our
very fine religious program. At present nearing completion is a new wing which
will consist of 480 individual maximum security cells. These cells are being constructed and equipped with the latest and most modern facilities at a cost of $650,000 for materials. This cell block project is being constructed
with prison labor. Within the last year, all female prisoners have been
removed from the Georgia State Prison at Reidsville to the Colony Prison Farm at Milledgeville. The women's building has been completely renovated and modernized. All inmates who have been classified as chronics have been removed from the main institution and are now housed in the prison building formerly occupied by the female inmates. We have found that this has been most helpful, not only to the administrators at the State Prison, but also to the chronics and the other inmates as well, as we have noticed a definite change for the better in the morale of these inmates.
Plans and specifications for the construction of a new major prison, which will have the housing capacity for I ,800 inmates, have been completed and actual construction of this new major prison was scheduled to
begin in May of 1962 This new prison is being built atter many months of study and planning have gone into it, and we expect this prison to be one of the finest, most modern facilities to be found anywhere. This new prison is to be fully industrialized, and it is our present plan to industrialize this institutiOn with several prison industries with the capacity of gainfully employ-
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Born October 20, 1904, in Crisp (then Dooly) County,
Georgia. Graduated from University of Georgia; LL.B. de ~
gree, 1926. Began practice of law that same year in Americus. Secretary, Georgia Public: Servic:e Commission,
~
1933-37; Member, House of Representatives, Crisp County, ~
1939; Revenue Commissioner, 1941-43; Director, Public Wei-
~ fare, 1948-49; Treasurer, State Highway Department, 1949-50.
Judge, City Court of Leesburg , 1950-60. Has been Director,
~ State Board of Corrections, since 1955.
---
Jefferson Prison Branch, Louisville, Warden W . B. Pippin.
benefit many State agencies, as we will be able to sell our manufactured prison products to them at a substantial savings; and, thus, in the end we believe that the inmates, the State, and the citizens will all benefit from such an industrial program.
The Battey State H ospital Prison Branch located at Rome serves an extremely useful and prod1.1c~ive purpose. There are presently 105 inmates at this institution. All inmates who have tuberculosis in any penal institution in our State are immediately sent to Battey Hospital Prison Branch where they are confined and where they receive the finest medical care that can be afforded any tuberculosis patient. I n addition to having our tubercular prisoner patients amply treated, we furnish to the Battey State H ospital approximately one-half of our colored female population to be us~d as maids and as nurses' assistants. Many of the colored females are actually receiving by experience on-the-job training for practical nursing. In addition, at this institution we also maintain a crew of skilled laborers, carpenters, brick masons, painters, plumbers, and electricians, and .this crew aids and assists in the maintenance of the entire tubercular hospital. We also operate a dairy farm for the Battey State Hospital with one hundred per cent prison labor, as well as operating the pasteurizing 'plant. These various activities and duties of the inniates assigned to this institution afford them an opportunity to equip themselves with some skilled or semi-skilled vocation which has proven, and is continuing to prove, to be most useful to them in securing employment when they are released from confinement.
(CONTINUI!ll ON Nr.xT PAGE)
THE jANUARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN JouRNAL oF CoRRECTION
4
The Georgia Industrial Institute at Alto is our penal institution for juveniles, 18 years of age and under, who are committed to serve a sentence in our State penal system. Both white and Negro male juvenile inmates are sent to this institution. We have recently instituted an industry for the building of school desks and chairs at this institution. We also have a wood-work industry established, as well as a clothing and shoe repair industry on a limited basis. In addition to the industries mentioned, we also carry out a dairy farm program, as well as a swine program, at this institution. The inmates at this institution (there are presently 640 confined there ) have a well-balanced athletic program in which they participate; and both the white and Negro football and
How the new prison in Hart County will look. Construction will begin this year. Facilities and equipment will cost $5,000,000.00.
baseball teams have made enviable and outstanding records. ln addition to the athletic program, all inmates are afforded the opportunity of seeing full-length motion pictures twice a week. Here, as well as at all penal institutions in our State, religious services are performed for the inmates each Sunday.
Plans have been formulated and we are moving forward in the establishment of an excellent educational program for these youngsters. A separate school buildinp; -is under construction for the schooling of these 10mates. This program is being worked out in cooperation with our State Department of .Education, and we will secure accredited teachers to teach all of the classes at this institution whereby an inmate who graduates from high school at this penal institution will be given an accredited high school diploma which will be acceptable to any college in ou-r nation. We' have also recently instituted a barber school at this institution so that the young inmates who are interested may receive on-the-job barber training and instruction from a licensed barber or barbers. Such barber instructors will be inmates.
The Colony Prison Farm, in which 496 inmates are presently incarcerated, is located at the Milledgeville State Hospital, which is the mental hospital in our State. Colony Prison Farm maintains a skilled crew of prisoners who are engaged in the construction of dormitories at the hospital and warehouses. A new prison with a housing capacity of 600 inmates has been completed within the last few months. These inmates also aid and assist in the maintenance of the Milledgeville State Hospital.
The white female inmates assigned to this institution are primarily engaged in the manuf~cture of uniforms and other garments worn by the personnel and the patients at the Milledgeville State Hos?ital. The colored female inmates assigned to this institution perform maid service, and are assigned to the laundries and the diningroom. A vast majority of the food preparation has been taken over by our colored female inmates. These inmates are under the supervision of an experienced and qualified dietitian.
Dr. I. H. MacKinnon, superintendent of Milledgeville State Hospital, upon his arrival at that institution said that he was amazed at the outstanding and productive work that the prison inmates were doing in the mental institution and that it was his purpose to continue this program and to increase it as he went along, which he has done. By utilizing the inmates' talents and productive work at this institution, we are saving the taxpayers of our State many hundreds of thousands of dollars; and at the same time the inmates are so employed in various positions that they are equipping themselves to be better citizens when they are returned to a free society.
There are at present 79 Public Works Camps located in various sections throughout our State. These Public Works Camps house prisoners numbering from 25 to 400 inmates. Our Public Works Camps are primarily engaged in the construction and maintenance of roads. However, I would like to point out that these inmates are also employed on many diversified.projects in the counties where these camps are located. For instance, we have built additional public school rooms, many fine gymnasiums, pl\blic health buildings, court houses, post offices, swimming pools, parks, etc. We find that the Public Works Camps offer the individual inmate a good opportunity to learn some trade, mostly that of operating some type of heavy mobile equipment, which equips such inmate with a sound vocation which enables him to find ready gainful employment upon his release from prison. We also find that the inmates in these smaller penal institutions have the advantage over the extremely large penal institutions in that they can receive mme personal attention to their problems and needs during their stay in the prison system.
In the past ten years, we have constructed thirteen new prison branches. These buildings are of very modem d esign and are constructed with masonry block and steel, which are fireproof. These prison branches have the capacity of housing from 75 to 150 inmates, and are located in various sections of our State. The inmates assigned to these institutions are engaged in the maintenance of our highways. These inmates also are engaged in the construction of buildings for the State Highway Dep,artment.
Within the last few months, we have constructed new chapels at four of our prison branches, and chapels will be built at the balance of our prison branches as soon as they can be constructed.
In the Stone Mountain Prison Branch, which was established two years ago, we have one of the most unique and productive programs to be found in any prison system. At present the inmates assigned to this institution are engaged in the construction of Stone Mountain Memorial Park. Stone Mountain, located approximately 16 miles from Atlanta; is nationally and universally known. This park, when completed, will be a credit to the State of Georgia and a lasting monument to the dignity and honor of the Confederate States of America. While many thousands of tc.urists visit Stone Mountain at present, when work is completed on this project this park will no doubt attract tourists from throughout the world.
The majority of the 125 prisoners assigned to the Stone Mountain project are carpenters, plumbers, electricians, brick masons, stone masons, sheet metal workers, and heavy mobile equipment operators; and the prisoners who are assigned to this project who are without a skill are given the opportunity by on-the-job training to become skilled in one of the vocations mentioned above.
Religious activities and services are stressed at thh institution. There is an attractive chapel available to these inmates for religious services.. Also there is an
THE JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN JouRNAL oP CoRRECTION
5
Some of the County Public Works Camps
Coweta Co. Public Works Camp, Newnan, Warden George Haynes
loluscogee Co. Public Works Camp, Columbus, Warden R.G. Yancey
Merriwether Co. Public Works Camp, Greenville, Randolph Co. Publ ic Works Camp, Dougherty Co. Public Works Camp, Albany,
Warden W. E. Baugn
Cuthbert, Warden Henry Lee Dunn, Jr. Warden R. S. Howard, J r.
Spalding Ca. Publ ic Work s Camp, Griffin, Terrell Co. Public Works Camp, Calhoun Co . Public Works Camp, Morgm1,
Warden Thomas F. Wilkerson
Dawson, Warden Grady Finley
Warden M. E. Strickland
adult education program being carried on, and the inmates are reaping the benefits of this fine program.
The duties required of these inma tes are many and varied. They are at present building new roads. clcariug large lake basins, building dams, and con~I ructing new and larger prison barracks. They are a lso engaged in sheet metal work and concrete finishing work. Within a few months, a number of these inmates will be engaged in the construction of a new prison which will be constructed from Stone Mountain granite and will have the capacity of housing 300 inmates. The inmates' morale at this institution is extremely high, for they realize they are doing productive jobs and that their labor and skill is being converted into a park which will be enjoyed, not only by the citizens of the State of Georgia, but by people from throughout the world.
R ecently we have created and established a new division within the Board of Corrections. This new division will be the Division of Education and Welfare for the entire Georgia penitentiary system.
It is believed that the use of prison labor in the eleemosynary institutions, the State Prison, prison branches, and Public Works Camps in so varied trades
and , ora tion is more helpful to the State of Georgia 1han j, the u~l of prisoners in many other states. We lind here that this diversified use of prison labor in and around the hospitals in the construction of buildings and mamtenance of build ings and gro nds and contributing toward the welfare of the patients in the hospitals has a psychological effect on the prisoners that results in the highest type of work therapy in that they have a feeling that they have participated in worthwhile endeavors and have helped a situation in which they have found other people in much worse condition than they are. We cannot overestimate the psychological factors in useful work, and we use our energies and efforts in training our men in the skills and vocations for which there is a job market in our State and in a trade and vocation in which the employer will not inquire too much about the prisoner's background as to previous crimina.! record. We do not waste our energies here in training individuals for trades and vocations for which there is not likely to be a job open or for trades and vocations for which the employer would not likely employ a prisoner who had been guilty of a crime involving dishonesty. The use of
(CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE)
TH E jAN UARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN Jou RNAL OF CoRRECTION
6
THE JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1962 AMERICAN JouRNAL oF CoRRECTION
this prison labor is not considered by the prisoners themselves to be a slave-type labor. The conditions under which they work are comparable to those of laborers in free enterprise.
Mr. J. B. Hatchett, Associate Director of the State Board of Corrections, and Mr. Robert J. Carter, As-
sistant Director of the State Board of Corrections, have a total of forty-three years of experience behind them in administrating the penal affairs of the State of Georgia and are considered to be outstanding public administrators in the penal field.
We in the administrative positions of the State Board of Corrections realize that many problems exist which we must overcome. We realize also that there is room for improvement and that penal progress needs to be made. However, we feel that in many instances Georgia has not only kept pace with progress being made in the penal field but that Georgia has actually set the pace in many phases of modern penal progress.
(Ed. Not&: The following is & report of the livestock inventory and agricultural production at Georgia State Prison Farm, as printed in The Spolr.esman, Spring lssu&, 1961, p. 14.)
GEORGIA STATE PRISON FARM
Total Acres 8,892
Cropland 3,710 Acres
Coastal Bermuda Pastures 2,000 Acres
21 Farm Ponds 200 Acres
Woodland 2,541 Acres
Using a direct method of color separation with proce! . inks, THE SPOKESMA N covers have become, in the past year, full four-calor reprodoctions allowing for duplication of multi-colored art originals.
LIVESTOCK INVENTORY, June 30, 1960
Dairy Herd ....... .. ..... 446 Hens ........................8,879 Swine Herd ..... .......2,028 Pullets .... ..................4,720
Beef Herd 1,206
ACRES CROPS HARVESTED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR
July I, 1959- June 30, 1960
Vegetables ... ... ... .. ... 800 Corn ... .......... ........... 1,500 Millet ....... .. ... .......... 500 Sweet potatoes ........ 75 Oats combined ........ 175
Cotton ..... ................. 95 Oats grazed ......... ... 800 Peas ...... .... ........... ... .. 150 Sugar cane ... ......... .. 100 Silage ................... ... 400
PRODUCTION FOR THE FISCAL YEAR
July I, 1959- June 30, 1960
Dressed pork ......... .... .... ........ .... ............ ...... 620,948 lbs.
Dressed beef .. ... .. .. ......... .. ........ .. ..... .... .. ... .... 250,796 lbs.
Milk .. ......... ....... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ... ..... ... .... ........ 207,250 gals.
Eggs ...... ........... .......... ....... ........ .. ... ............ .. 120,438 doz.
Fryers and hens ..... ..................................... 16,257 lbs.
Syrup ....... ........................................ .... ... .. ... 33,060 gals.
Vegetables (Canned) ... .... .. .. .. .. ...... ... ...... .. 170,623 gals.
Vegetables (To Institution) ..... ......... .... .. .. 2,826,702 lbs.
Corn ... .. ........... .... ........................ ....... ..... ... .. 75,150 bu.
Silage .................................. ...... .. ................. 2,700 tons
Hay ................ ......... ............. .... ..... ... ........... .
436 tons
Lumber.. ... ......... .. ....... ..... .............. .... ..... ..... 151 ,983 bfm
Cotton ..... ....... ... .. .. ........... .......................... .. 24,241 lbs.
Oats ........... .. .................. ........ ........... ... ...... .. 7,000 bu.
MARKET VALU E OF CROPS HARVESTED-$775,526.38
~c a ted i? the_ G. S. ~- print shop, but not a part
of It costw1se, 1s the Inmate publication "The Spokesman". In the field of off-set lithography, the magazine ranks first in the nation's Penal Press.
The Spring issue carries a story entitled You, Too, Can Have Color". The writer explains how inmate ingenuity and inventiyeness.with an eye to economy, have managed to make possible the use of full four-color process lithography throughout the en tire magazine.
In the past year, The Spokesman has risen from an almost obscure position to editorial prominence among the top five Penal Press publications - a mem bership consisting of an estimated 250 magazines. The 40-page, 8~ x 11 quarterly has a circulation of 3,000 an d i s entirely inmate produc ed - without cost to the taxpaye r.
The Spokesman staff is composed of three men an editor, a n artist and a make-up man. All of the writing, the art work and layout is originated and executed by these three. The lithographers, platemakers and pressmen then receive the materials an a produce the magazine.
Text for the maga zine is set on a Vari-Typer by the editor ; heads are set by the compositors or hand lettered by the artist. The artist. was the recipient of two outstanding rewards during the past year: A $350 Purchase Award given by the Kentucky State Art Ex hibit, and another from the Kansas State Fai r. The Spokesman has shown the value o f permitting inmat es to expand their interests and efforts toward the development of better morale.
End
7
GEORGIA STATE RISON BRANCHES
LEE PRISON BRANCH, LEESaURG, WARDEN GEO. SMITH
LOWNDES-TROUPE\LLE PRISON BRANCH, VA L:OSTA,
WARDEN D.. DE VANE
...
CHATHAM PRISON BRANCH IS A COMBINATION STATE PRI SON COUNTY PUBLIC WORKS CAMP. P.W.C. WARDEN WM . D
FAWCE TT.
JEFFERSON PRISON BRANCH , LOUISVILLE , WARDE N W. B. PIPPIN
ROC K QUARR Y PRISON BRANCh3UFORD, WAH DEN J. E. THOMPSON
WAYNE PRI SON BRANCH, JESU P , WARDEN H. A. YA WN
COUNTY PUBLIC WORKS CAMPS
Richomod Co. ?ubl ic Works Camp , Augusto, Clayton Co. Public Works Camp,
\\~nden Millard F. Good ing
Jonesboro, Warden J . C. Adair
Co rroll Co. Publ ic Works C am p, Carrollton, Ward en J. 0. Borders
Dec at ur Co. P ubi i c Works Camp, Bainbridge, Worden C. W. Palm e r
Colqu itt Co. Public Works Camp., Moultrie, Wordenc. B. Williams
Bull o ch Co. Publ i c Works Camp, Statesboro, Warde n Fed Fields
Ba ldwin Co . P ublic Works Camp, Milledgev ille, Burke Co. Public Work s Camp,
War den Jo e. L. Coll ins
Waynes boro, Word en Carlton T. Mills
Cha tham Co. Publi c Works Camp, Ty bee Island, Wa rden William D. F awc ett
10
Myth Exploded
FIRST OFFENDERS CONSTITUTE 58% OF ALL INMATES IN GEORGIA PENAL SYSTEM
The claim has been made, from time to time, that the operation of the Georgia prison system, under policies established by the State Board of Corrections, is producing nothing but recidivists, which is a $2.98 word used by professional criminoligists to describe "repeaters", or one who falls back into prior criminal habits after punishment.
However, the records of the Georgia State Board of Corrections just do not verify such claims. To the contrary, these official records show that most people who serve time in Georgia simply want to stay away from our prisons. In fact, 65 per cent of all felony prisoners, during the last fiscal year (July 1, 1960 -June 30, 1961) were serving sentences for their FIRST offenses. With misdemeanors, 55 per cent were serving for the FIRST offense. The combined felony and misdemeanor prisoners servmg FIRST offenses constituted 58 per cent of the prison population.
This table shows first offenders and multiple offenders for the last fiscal year.
MISDEMEANORS
First offenders
3737
Second offenders
1167
Third offenders
687
Fourth offenders
386
More than four
797
Total
6774
FELONIES
First offenders
1840
Second offenders
416
Third offenders
194
Fourth offenders
131
More than four
218
Total Felonies
2799
Misdemeanors
6774
GRAND TOTAL
9573
Although 6774 persons were received in the pnson system under misdemeanor sentences. the offenses totaled 9195. This variance is caused by some persons being convicted of more than one offense. For instance, one person may be convicted of violating the traffic laws, operating an automobile while intoxicated and abandonment. T-Ie would appear 10 three separate statist.:cs, but only once 10 the prisoner stati sties.
During the fiscal year a total of 9195 misdemeanor crimes were committed by 6774 persons convicted and sen'i:enced to and received in the state penal system. Of this number 1033 were sentenced for abandonment, 1601 for drunkenness, 1251 for operating an automobile while intoxicated and 913 for traffic offenses - a total of 4798; or well over 50 per cent of all misdemeanor sentences.
Fulton county alone, with 14 per cent of the state's population, provided 44 per cent of the state's misdemeanor prisoners - mostly old chronic drunks and misfits of the skid-row type. However, it cost the taxpayers of Georgia $1.30 per day o~ $4?4..50 pe_r year to maintain each one of these chromes 10 a maximum security prison.
11
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50% Fr01n High Schools
WHITE FELONY PRISONERS OUTNUMBER NEGROES IN GEORGIA PENAL SYSTEM
The statistical report of the Board of Corrections for the fiscal year (July 1, 1960 -June 30, 1961) has some eye-opening and eyebrow-lifting information.
For instance, how man y times have you heard it said that in Georgia the prison population was made up of ignorant Negroes?
Let's dispose of the race matter first. Of the 2713 felony prisoners at the end of the statistical year, 1346 were Negroes and 1367 were white. In other words, Georgia had 21 more white felon y prisoners than :\legroes!
The ~egro felonies included 65 females and the white total included 24 females. Thus, there were 62 more white male felon y prisoners than Negro.
ow as to the educationat level:
Despite all the propoganda, the educational level of the felon y prisoner in Georgia ranks favorabl y. In fact, 1272 of the 2713 felonies had attended hi gh school and 69 attended college! That's a total of 134 1 with high school or college training or almost half.
Sixty-five Negroes and 21. white men, total of 86, confessed to no schooling at all. Eighty of these were over 25 years. Therefore, the superstition that the prisons are jammed with illiterates is dissolved with the statistical 3%. Steps are now being taken to eradicate illiteracy among all male adults as has already been done with the prisoners under 19.
In addition to high school and college traininl! received by 1341 felonies, thirty attended the 1st grade, 44 stopped at the end of the 2nd, 101 at the end of the 3rd; 100 at the end of the 4th; 124 at the 5th; 195 at the 6th, 269 at the 7th and 423 at the end of the eighth.
FOUNDATION FOR NEW SCHOOL BUILDING AT GEORGIA INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE RISES
12
WHAT IS THE TRUTH?
Just what is the truth about the crime rate in Georgia and the rest of the nation? ~hat is the source of the official truth concerning the situation?
J. Edgar Hoover, director of the FBI, ac nually prints a report on crime and crime statistics. It is known as the Uniform Crime Reports and, is in fact, the only unimpeachable source of crime statistics on a national scale.
'i\ hat does this official, authentic source say about crime in Georgia and this state's crime as related to the other 49 states? DoesGeorgiareally rank as ~o. 1, as has been intimated in ~orne quarters?
THE TRUTH IS THA1 GEORGIA DOES N'Jf HA~K ~o. 1, 0io. 2 or even No. 10.
The FBI places Georgia far down the list, ~o. 23or just about ordinary for the United States, The latest annual report, relea~ed for publication on .\1on.iay July 24, 1961, for the previous fiscal year ending June 30th, showed that EVERY \\1::-)TEHN STATE, except Idaho, far exceeded Georgia in crime. Georgia was just about average for the s~nrrhe-rn states, excepting Florida, which set,m:; tL> be trying to capture the championship. Florida';.; <.:rime rate, in fact, is exactly double Ceorgi a's, ar:..:nrding tro th c FH I.
The FRI reported t!:at (;t.:or:sia's 3,943,116citizens; in the last official summary connnitted 3,1143 crimes
involving (1) murder and non-negligent manslaughter, (2) rape, (3) robbery, (4) aggravated assault, (5) burglary, (6) larceny of over $50 and (7) theft of auto-
mobiles,
These H'Oorts thus give Georgia an FBI crime rating of 886.3 per 100,000 population, The FBI consolidated crime rate for the entire United States was 10'37.9 per 100,000 compared to Georgia's886.3.
\low how does Georgia stack up with the South and other geographic areas, as recorded in the FBI reports? Georgia was grouped by the FBI in an area named ' South Atlantic" comprising Florida, Georgia, South Carol ina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Celaware. \Xest Virginia and the District of Columbia, (~OTE: The statistics for this group and the entire
nation, state by state, are on pages 14 and 15.) As a group, these states had a crime rating of
976.9 per 100,000 or much higher than Georgia's 886.3.
Here are the ratings of the individual states in the
South Atlantic grouping:
FLORIDA 0!0RTH CAROliNA SOUTH CAROLINA VIRGINIA MARYLA.l\l"D DELAWARE WEST VIRGINIA
1,609.0 693.0 825.0 823.0
931.5 969.3 456.8
Our bordering states of Alabama and Tennessee were placed in another geographic arrangement by the FBI. Alabama had a rating of 818.8 and Tennessee
847.2. Since Georgia is below average for the nation and
the region, let's take a look at another area where
virtue, honor and integrity are so rampant- especially on TV - the WEST, Alas, however, Georgia will have to go some and very fast at that to catch up with the criminals in the West, which is truly wild now.
Just look at these crime rates per 100,000 for the western group:
TEXAS ARIZONA COLORA CO MONTA.\TA NEVADA NEW :\1EXICO UTAH
CALIFORNIA OREGON WASHINGTON ALASKA HAWAII ICAHO
1177.5 1G?8.6 1253.0 982.3 199 3.1 1331.3 1118.8 1976.5 924.2
1033.2 1031.1 1102.6 701\.3
Hawaii, incidentally, was the only one of the western states to report a decrease. Our newest state ctroppea its crime incidence rate from 1201 to 1102.6, but even at that, this Paradise of the Pacific still is far ahead of Georgia in crime.
Thus, it w0uld appear to any reasonable person
that Georgia seems to be a pretty good place to build a home or industry.
13
Tahle 2.-lnrl<x of Crimf' l)y Gf'ol!rnpltic c
Total otlrn5<'s
~In nlrr and
nonnrl!1i~t'nt
Forcihl~ rape
.\rea
Ye:w Population
n1ans.Iau!!ht('r
Xuml:>rr
n atr prr
100.000
~um- Ratr ))('r :Num- Hate JWr l:>rr 100,000 her 100,000
---- --- --- ---- ---
i"outh Atlantil"'------ 19~9
~5. (i~l$, liS
:.?~S. 7f~
soo. ~
2, 3t'-1
9. 2 2,146
1nJO
~5, ~171, 73:!
~.'>;l, 718
~f;'tl. 9
2, !127
9. 7 2,024
Pfrrolt
l'hl>n~t."
----------
--------------------
-
+10.9 ----
-
-+9.-7
- -+u.-s - +-5.-4
-5.7
Delaware. _________ 1959
443,158
3,852 SG9. 2
18
4.1
32
19W Florida ___ .. ________ 1959
Htl, :.?P:? 4,Hitl,WI
4, 3:2t) !hl9. 3 67, ;;s 1.3~6. 0
20
6. 5
37
500
10.2
416
19ti0 Grorgia __ ---------- 1959
!900 :O.Iaryland _______ --- 1959
4, !~51' 5f.tl - 3, fill, :!40
3, 943,))6.
3,072, 999
79. tli:? 31,643 .. ~ "27, 467
1,1>09.0 807.8
893.8
__ ---m 520
10.5
418
'24
g~t
416
136
4. 4
19f...l
3,100, t>S9
28,884 931.5
170
5. 5
2:!6
X orth Carol'ina ____ 1959
4, ,11:!3, tl._~1
29,535 652.9
401
8.9
370
1900
4, ~~56, ltt5
31,575 693.0
458
10.1
33!
Soutll Caroliru _____ 1959
2,358, 251
18,205 77:!.0
288
12.2
204
\'irginia ____________
!9W 1959
2, 3&2, 594 3, ~98, 778
19, t~ns :?!l. fi{~
1'2t1. 7 it'S. 3
316
13.3
224
343
8.8
286
l!lliO
3, Pt>O, 949
3:?, tl-47 823.0
395
10.0
288
We~t \'irginil ______ 19[9
1,8-J'i,OS:!
S,43S 456.8
81
4.4
110
1900
1,8t<l,421
s. f-81 4m. 6
82
4.4
81
East South C;-.maL 1959
11.950. fit1S
8.\ (J96 712.1
1, 071
9.0
821
19ti0
12, 0.50, 126
91.209 756.9
1,153
9.6
738
Percent el:wlg~--- -------- --------------
.\Jabama__________ 19~9
3,244.386
+7.2 24,343
- - - +6.3
+7.7 -t 6. 7 -10.1
------
750.3
418
12.9
268
19ti0 Kentucky __________ 1959
3,200, 740 3.012.051
26, 749 :.>2,1>49
818.8 751.9
423
12.9
272
159
s:3
205
19ti0
3,038,15tl
24,666 811.9
208
6.8
167
::\Iisslssippi_______ 1959
2.1f2, 422
9,090 420.4
247
11.4
116
191'() Tfnnessee__________ 1959
2,178.141 3. 531,809
9. 574 29.014
439.5 821.5
218 .l(J.O
112
247
7:0
232
l!ll'~
"e>t South c..~traL. 19<9
3, 56i, OS9 16.806.908
30,220 150,020
84i. 2 892.7
304 1,436
8. 5
187
8.'5 1, 4i3
19<'{1
16, fl51. 2~5
Percent r!:lw~e ___ -------- --------------
Arkan~as ___________ 1959
1, i72, 428
--------- 182. 113 1,074.3
1, 447
8.5 1,657
+21.4 -+-20.-3 - -+.-8 - - - +12.5
9.906 558.9
184
10.4
139
HJf,O
I, 786.272
10.355 57\l. 7
!54
8.6
!56
I.oui~i3na_ ------- __ 19.'.9
3.230. 932
~- f.SO 702.0
183
5. 7
206
1%0
3. 257,022
33,496 1,028.4
284
8. 7
311
Oklahoma ________ 1959
2,300, 513
19,858 863.2
154
6. 7
254
1960
2,328. 284
25.461 1.093.6
175
7.5
209
Tf'X3S_ -------------
l\I ountaln ____________
1959
1%0 1959
9, 503,035 9, 579.677 6, 783,688
97,585 1, 026.9 112, SOl 1;177. 5 76,145 1,1~.5
915
9.6
874
834
8. 7
891
305
4. 5
710
1960
6,855,060
PerCE'nt eh:mge___ -------- --------------
85,803 1, 251. 7
31!)
4. 7
798
+12. 7 +ll.5 - +-4.-6 - -+4.-4 +12.4
8. 7.8 - ..7.1
7.2 8.3 8.5 8.4 10.6 7.6 7.1 7. 3 8. 2 7. 3 8. 7 9. 4 7.3 7.3 6.0 4. 4 6.9 6.1 -11.6
8.3 8.3 . 6.8
5.5 5. 4 0.1 6.6 5. 2 8.8 9.8 +n.4
7.8 ~. 7 6. 4 9.5 11.0 12.8 9.2 9.3 10.5 11.6 +to.5
.\ rizona_ ----------- 1&59
1,282, 405
Colora,lo ___________
1960 1959
1,302,161 I, 735,315
19<',0
1, 753,947
Idaho ______________ 1959
fiti3,606
::II ontana ___________
1960 1959
667,191 Wl,022
19f~
674,767
XeYada_ ----------- 1959
281,348
1960 Xew ::llexieo_______ 1959
285,278 943,348
rtah _______________
I!IW 1959
951,02.3 &83. 066
19<',0
&90,627
Wyoming__________ 19;,9
326, 5i8
1960
330,0G6
Pad tic. ______ ------- 19.''",9
20.955,95.3
I !II:;()
21,198,044
Perren! ch:mge___ -------- --------------
-~laoka _-----------C a l i f o r n i a __________
H 2 waii ----------- __ Ongou _____ ---- ____ "~ n~hington ________
1!/:.g 1960
1!15~
19fJl HI 59
!!!"AI
1959 1960 1959 19f,O
223,~
2'2G,1tji
15, 5.10. 973 15, iii, 204
620,582 f.32, 772 ], 71;6,366 I, 768,687 2,824,144 2,853, 214
19,239 21,337 20,550 21,977 4,364 4,699
5, 7i0 6,628 5,390 5,686 tr;039 12,661 7,304 9, !!64 2. 4&9 2, 851 305,113 365,781
+19.9
2.1~
2.:>J2 2!14,U.",.S 310. !:4.)
i, 453 6,977 14,392 16,347 27,055
29.4h0
1,500.2 1,638.6 1,184.2 1,253.0
657.6 704.3 Jl63. 7 982.3 1,915.8 I, 993.1 1,170. 2 1, 331.3 827.1 1,118.8 762.1 863.8 I, 4.'.6. 0
l, 725. ' +18.5
963.9 I, 031.1 l,li:J5. 8 I, 976..~ 1,201.0 1,102.6
819.4 924.2
~;,r.(O
l. ()J3. 2
67
5.2
195
15.2
79
6.1
210
1<i.l
94
5.4
205
11.8
74
4.2
234
!3.3
15
2.3
34
5.1
16
2.4
47
7.0
27
4.0
53
7.9
26
3.9
49
7.3
22
7.8
48
17.1
25
8.8
36
12.6'
57
6.0
81
8.6
69
7.3
114
12.0
9
1.0
il
8.0
14
1.6
85
9. 5
14
4.3
23
7. 0
16
4.8
23
7. 0
6.'30
3.0 3,216
15.5
- - -1W +20.6
3.6. 3,283
-+-20.-0 - -+t.-l
__ .., __1_5_._5_
12
5. 4
17
i. 6
23
10.2
47
20.8
508
3.3 2,586
18.6
618
3.9 2,liS2
IR3
17
2. 7
23
3. 7
15
2.4
21
3.3
39
2.2
146
8. 3
43
2. 4
165
9.3
54
1.9
174
6.2
61
2.1
1()8
5.9
0) t!J./J ~lJJ h;d in l~Jj tOP
I up\\:ml bcoe<l on records and rtJ.-. 1mg changes by several agencies and retlec-
Dil'isions alHI Statf's, 1959-60-Conlinucd
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
Larceny $50 and
Auto theft
O\'er
- - - - - -- - - - ---------
--~---
Xutnbrr
RaiL' per 100,000
:\'umber
Rate per 100,000
:\'umber
Rate per 100,000
X umber
Rate per 100,000
!'>umber
Rate per 100,01)')
---- --- ----- ---- ---- --- ---- ---- ---
8, 440 10,002 +18.5
32.8 30, 896
120.2 100,052
389.3 50,308
19.). 8 31,536
131.5
38.5 30, 890
liS. 9 II 1, 481
410.8 .57, 279
~0.5
36,51.5
Ill), 6
+li.4
-
(')
-
-
-
-1.1
--
-+-14.-4
-+-13-.2
-
+13.9 ----
+12.6 ---
-
-+5.-7
-
-+4-.5
114 151 3,010
25.7 34. 5
61.6
94 94 5,679
21.;!
21. I 116.1
2,050 2, 486 34,282
462.6 5.oi. 0 701. I
i85 800
15,002
17i. I
li9. 3 306.8
7;j9 726 8.886
171.3
162.7 1~1. 7
4,018 1,038
1,048 1, 258
1. 174 674 7i4 357
486 1,044
1,004 238 251
2a.,9m16
81.1 26. 5
20.6 40.9
37.9 14.9 17.0 15. 1
20.4 26.8 25.3 12.9
13.5 24.4
~.i
5, 677 3, 983
3,899 2,W7 2, 794
8,242 8, 297 2,684 2, 434
4,062 4,051
581
660 8, 749
8,837
114. 7
101.7 98.9
87.8 90.1 182.2 182. 1
113.8 102.2 104.2
102.1 31.5
35.5 73.2
73.3
41,0i8
13, 757 16,092 9, 858 11, 372
11,500 11, 763
8,104 8, 849 12,128
13, 738 4, 157 4, 446 40,074
44.702
829.6 3f>l. 2 408. 1
320.8 366.8
254.2 258.2 343.6 371.4 311. 1
316.3 225.1
239.0 335.3
371.0
18, 126 6, 374
7,072 7, 416 7, 432
5,117 6,388
4, 598 4, 895 i,l96
8,410 1, 880 1, 831 18,466
19,845
366.1 162.7 179.4 241.3 239.7
113.1 140.2 195.0 205.4
184.6 212.0 101.8
98.4 154.5
164. 7
9,835 5, 551 6,061
5, 884 5, 716 3,231
3, 561 1, 970 2,494 4, 895 4, 761 1, 391
1, 330 12,999
12, i12
198.6 Hl.7 153.7
191. 5 1S4.3 71.4 78.2
83.5 104.7 12.5. 6
120.0 75.3
71.5 10~. 8 105.5
+10.5
+9.4
- -+-LO-
-
-+.-1
- -+1-1. -5
- -+1-0.-6
- -+-7.5-
- -+-6.6-
-2.2
----
-3.0
----
815
2.5.1
3,601
111.1 10,443
321.9
5,667
174.7
3,128
96.4
879
26.9
4,026
123.2 12,040
368.6
5,986
183.2
3,123
95.6
8.ol
28.3
1, 367
45.4 10,'297
341.9
5, 578
185.2
4,192
139.2
1,0~4
33.7
1, 574
51.8 11,447
3i6.8
6, 427
211.5
3,819
125.7
300
13.9
1, i94
83.0
3, 873
179. 1
1,874
86.7
886
H.O
326
15.0
1, 438
66.0
4, 471
205.3
1,955
89.8
1,054
48.4
950
26.9
1,984
56.2 15,461
437.8
5, 347
151.4
4, 793
135.7
993
27.8
1, 799
50.4 16, 741
469.4
5, 477
153.5
4, il6
132.2
5,109
30.4 13,324
79.3 69.419
413.0 33,999
202.3 25,269
150.3
6, 212
3t..8 15.099
89.1 89.580
528.5 39,174
231.1 28,914
170.6
+~.2
+2!.1
+13.3
---
+12.4 ----
+29.0
---
- -+28-.0- -+-15.-2
-+-14.-2
- -+1-4.-4
- -+-13-.5
.JIG
25.2
910
51.3
4, 691
264.7
2,593
146.3
943
53.2
447
25.0
1.013
56.7
4, 893
273.9
2,861
lti0.2
831
46.5
1,189
36.8
1, 505
46.6
9,152
283.3
5.~6
161.7
5,219
1~1. 5
1, 721
52.8
2, 542
78.0 13,394
411.2
7,907
242.8
7,337
~5.3
564
21.5
iH
32.2
9.008
391.6
5,956
258.9
3,181
138.3
936
40.2
838
36.0 12,495
536.7
6,076
261.0
4,642
199.4
2,910
30.6 10,168
107.0 46, 568
490.0
20,~4
212.8 15,926
167.6
3,138
32.8 10,706
111.8 58, 798
613.8
~.330
233.1 16, 104
168.1
2,968
43.8
3, 072
45.3 31,724
467.7 20,819
306.9 16, 547
243.9
3, 402
49.6
4, 013
58.5 36,176
527.7 23,646
344.9 17,449
254.5
---- ---- - - - +14.6
+13.2 -+-30-.6 - -+2-9.1- - -+H-.O- +12.8
+13.6
-
+12.4 ---
-
-+-5.5-
+4.3
618
48.2
1, 200
93.6
i.3H
572.4
4,969
38'7.5
4,849
3i8.1
711
5t6
1, 564
120.1
8,947
687.1
5,404
415.0
4,4~
339.6
1, 253
72.2
673
38.8
9,366
539.7
5,018
289.2
3,941
227.1
.1, 403
80.0
719
41.0 10,167
579.7
5, 566
317.3
3,814
217.5
i6
11. 5
124
18.7
l, 827
275.3
1,535
231.3
753
113.5
93
13.9
98
14.7
2,010
301.3
1, 768
265.0
667
100.0
159
23.8
119
17.8
2, 347
351.3
1, 775
265.7
1, 290
193.1
189
28.0
165
24.5
2, 708
401.3
1, 817
269.3
1,674
248.1
300
106.6
109
38.7
2,697
958.6
1, 320
469.2
894
317.8
211
74:0
144
50.5
2,600
913.5
1, 546
511.9
1, 118
391.9
348
36.9
555
58.8
3,919
418.6
3, 035
321.7
3,014
319.5
3fJ8
3S. 7
846
89.0
4,136
434.9
3, 5!l9
378.4
3,529
3il.l
!G5
18.7
2'29
25.9
3, 254
368.5
2,170
245. i
1,406
159.2
250
2S. I
307
31.5
4, f>11
517.7
2,851
320.1
1,846
207.3
49
1.~.0
63
19.3
!113
2S8.8
9!17
305.3
400
122.5
177
5.1.6
liO
51.5
!l91
300.2
1,095
331.8
379
lH.S
12,kfl\
(j]. 5
17, G<J!)
81.0 134,833
61:!.1 81,6<>1
3S9.6 51.250
258.9
17,002
so.~
19,932
!li.O lt;s, 763
796.1 95, 396
450.0 ti0,645
286.1
+3!.9
+30.4 ----
+13.2 -----
+1!.9
---~-
+25.2 ---
-+-23
. -i
-+-16-.8
+15.5 ---
-+-11-.8
- -+-10-.5
57
2.')_ 5
94
42.0
[l-t3
2!2. 5
706
315.3
720
325.6
(jj
11. 4t\3
2S. 3 73.8
10!! 16,678
45. 1
1~111
107.4 Ill, tH3
3.32. 1
718. s
197 6t\,3H
3;l:!. 4 1:!7. 2
518 4!,5:13
2-1:!. 3 '2St'.1
to, 105
!18.0 18, 8!16
120.2 143. 5:>3
913.3 7i, 72.1
4\ll. 5 51, 5()1.)
3:?$.1
108
17.4
[;!)
!l. 5
3, 714
598.5
1, 520
211.9
2,012
324.2
!\9
10.9
33
5. 2
3,328
525.9
l,HOJ
231.9
I, 708
:!l)!l.9
494
~S.l
383
21.8
6.338
3t;().!l
4,817
27-t. 3
2,175
123.8
!iH5
7W
X(~J
31.!1
<..) .I... ..)
31. -~
4f>O 3!15 411
26.0 14.0 15.5
i. 1~6 12, 5~15
13. !115
4tM\. 3 4H\.0 48~. 7
5,612
s. 2ti7
H.4:i9
317.3 :.,~)2. 7
:w. 5
2,3\ti
4, 801 4. ;;o;
1:1o.!l 170.0 J:.S.O
12) Inl'lutles the ni,trkt of Columbia.
Table 2.-lllde.t of Crime by Gcographie lJidsions and States, 1959-60
.\rea
I Y~nr
Popuhltlon
Total off~nses
.\lurdt'r 3lH1 J10Il1H~J:Jigc.'ll t
manslaughter
Forcible rape
--- ---
Continental Unitd
1959 177,709,512
States I
1960 179,323, 175
Percent chaJlle..
--------------
Xew England ........ 1?59
10,425, 543
1900
10, 50\l, 367
Perrnt cban~e...
--------------
Connecticut. ______ . ~Iaine...... -----..)Iassachmetts______ Xew HaiLpshire~--Rhode Island______ Vermont. __________
::\riddle .\tlantie.... Percent change...
1959 1900 1959 1900 19o9 1900 1959
1900 1959 1900 1959
1900 1959 1900
2, 5H. ;;g;
2, 535, 234 964, 2:l.)
969,265 5,1H, 558 5, 148, 578
599,543 606,921 S45, 019 859,488
387, Z91 389,881 33,834,111
34, 168,452
---;----------
Xew Jersey_________ 1959
6, 018,570
Xew York_________
1900 1959
6,066, 782 16,596,507
Pe.nru;ylvania ______
1900 1959
16,782,304 II, 219,034
1900
11,319,366
East Xorth CentraL. 1959
35, 9Si, 629
1900
36, 225,024
Percent chaJlle...
-------------
Illinois_____________ 1959
10,012,612
1900
10,~1,15S
Indiana_----~---_- .. 1959
4, 637,005
1900
4, 662,498
:\Iiehigan.......... 1959
7, 774, 787
1900
i, S23, 194
Ohio .. ------------- 1959
9, 637,371
'Yi5eon8n _________ -
1900 1959
9, 706,397 3, 925,854
1900
3, 951,777
West Xorth Central. 1959
15,266,894
1960 . 15,391,115
Percent change... -------- --------------
Iowa.------------Kansas ... ---------::II!nnesota. -------~l!ssourl. --------Xebraska. -------Xorth Dakota....-i:outh Dakota______
!959
1960 1959 1900 1959 1900
1959 1960 1959
1960 1959
1960 1959
lt'60
2, 736,408 2, 757,537 2,161, 421 2,178, 611 3,393,302 3, 413,864 4, 273,174 4, 319,813 1,398, 875
1, 411,330 626,976 632,446 676,738
6S0,514
flee footnotes at end of table.
X umber R;,lfe per :"Jum- Rate per 100,000 ber !00,000
---- ---
I, 630,403 I, 881,261
+tq
69, 8.._"'3 76, ;'53 +9.8
1.5, 867 17,188 4, 615 5, 233 36,218 39,046
2,821 2,076
~.942
11,100 I, 420 2,110
284,367 313,580
+10.3
51,012 00,306 159, 764 li5,374 73,591 77,900 328,512 376,353 +14.6
128, 648 145,210 35, 9&! 39,896 83, 749 96,298 63,312 74,655 16,823 20,294 102,495 115,951 +13.1
12,782 14,249 13,618 14,669 20,132 26,077 43,535 47,332
6,271 7,399 2,112 2,374 4,045 3,8&1
917. ~
8, 5S3
4. 8
1,037.9 9,138
5.1
+13.1
+8.4 +8.3
------
670.3
133
1.3
730.3
153
1. 5
+9.0 -+-15.-0 -+-15.-4
(,30. 9
33
1.3
6;'8. 0
42
1.7
47K6
H
1.5
539.9
16
1.7
708.1
(,()
1.2
758.4
7';
1. 5
470.5
16
2. 7
342. 1 1,"058.2
s 8
1. 3 .9
1,291. 5
9
1.0
366.6
2
.5
541.2
I
.3
840.5
926
2.7
917. i
971
2.8
- - - +9.2 - +-4.-9 +3.7
847:6
144
2.4
994.0
177
2.9
962.6
497
3.0
1,04~.0
451
'2. 9
655.9
2S5
2.5
6SS. 2
313
2.8
912.8 1,290
3.6
1,038.9 1, 430
3.9
- - - - - - +13.8 +10.9 +8.3
1, 284.9
455
4. 5
I, 440.4
511
5.1
. 775.9
158
3.4
&55. 7
207
4.4
1,077. 2
325
4.2
1;230.9
338
4.3
656.9
307
3.2
709.1
323
3.3
428.5
45
1.1
513.5
51
1.3
671.4
427
2.8
753.2
376
2.4
- - - - - - +12.2 -11.9 -14.3
"'467.1
39
1.4
516.7
17
.6
630.0
51
2.4
673.3
69
3.2
593.3
35
1.0
763.9
43
1.3
1,018.8
246
6.8
1,095. 7
197
4.6
448.3
39
2.8
524.3
33
2.3
336.9
3
.5
375.4
3
.6
597. 7.
14
2.1
~65.9
H
2.1
Nun1~ Rate per ber 100,000
15,164 15, (>(>~
+2.8
8. ~ 8.7
+2.4
391 464
+1R 7
3. 8 4. 4 +15.8
iS 107
41 48
231 255 18 25 18
20 5 9 2,513
2,568
+2.1
3.1 4. 2 4. 3
5.0 4. 5
5.0 3.0 4. 1 2. 1
2.3 1.3
2.3 7.4 7. 5
+1.4
447 479 1,037 1,064 1,029 1,023 3,017 3,138
f4.0
7.4 7.9 6.2 6.3 9. 2 9.0 8. 4 K7
+3.6
1,225 1,254
252
220 882 970 534 583 123
111 847
887
+4.1'
12.2
12.4 5. 4 4. 7 11.3 12.4
5.5 6.0 3.1 2.8 5:5 5.8
+5.5
83
3.0
103
3. 7
129
6.0
116
5.3
79
2.3
84
2.5
414
9. 7
474
11.0
77
5.5
59
4.2
23
3. 7
14
2.2
42
6.2
37
5.4
Robbery
Aggnwated assault
Burglary
Larceny $50 and o.-er
Autq theft
!\umber
75, 198 88,970 +18.3
I, 473 I, 502 +5.7
338 240 84 77 842 1,093 40 18 169 125
5 9 13, 139 14,279 +8.7
2,298 2, 790 7,116 7, 405 3, 725 4,084 23,393 27,845 +19.0
13,753 16,102 1,302 1, 606 4, 714 5, 764 3,318 4,038
306 335 4,862 5,414 +11.4
247 308 538 454 663 1,003 3,113 3,293 170 254 30 40 101 62
Rnte per !\umber Rate per !\umber Rate per !\umber Rate per NUi1lber Rate per
100,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
100,000
--- --- --- --- -------
42.3 123, 593
69. 5 898,307
392.9 415,781
234.0 293,779
18~.3
49.8 130.230
72.8 821, Oo7
457.9 474,911
.264. 8 321,402
179.2
= = = +17.3
+o.4
+4.5 +17.8
--- -------
+18.5
+14.2
+13.2
+9.4
+8.4
II. 2
2. 016
19.3 30.949
2~6.9
17,637
169.2 17,279
16.5. 7
14.9
1,91:3
1~. 2 33.219
316.1 20,459
194.7 18.983
180.6
+4.9
-
-5.1
--
-
--5.-7
-
-+7
.-3
-
-+-6.5-
-+-16-.0
-
-+1-5.1-
+9.9
+9.0
13.4
6U
25.5
7,902
314.2
4,276
170.0
2,599
103.3
9.5
5.';1
21.9
8,383
330.7
4,539
179.0
3, 323
131.1
8. 7
117
12.1
2,119
219.8
1,249
129.5
991
102.8
7.9
104
10.7
2,384
216.0
1, 461
150. 7
1,143
117.9
16.5
990
19.4 14, 704
287.5
8,670
169.5 10, 721
209.6
21.2
1,037
20.1 15,954
309.9
9,5.12
185.1 11,098
215.6
6. 7
29
4.8
1,676
279.5
601
100.2
441
73.6
3.0
30
4.9
1, 108
182.6
537
1!8. 5
350
57.7
20.0
229
27.1
3, 742
442.8
2,540
300.6
2, 236
264.6
14.5
170
19.8
4,446
517.3
3,603
419.2
2, 727
317.3
1. 3
10
2.6
806
208.1
301
. 77.7
291
75.1
2.3
18
4.6
944
242. I
787
201.9
342
87.7
38.8 22,061
65.2 106,639
315.2 88, 191
260.7 50.898
150.4
41.8 22,097
64.7 118,008
34.). 4 99,000
289.7 56,659
165.8
+7.7 - -+-.2-
-.8 +10. i
- - - - - - - - +9.6
+12.3 +11.1
---- ----
+11.3
+10.2
38.2
3,416
56.8 21, 824
362.6 12,289
204.2 10,594
176.0
46.0
3,629
59.8 26,611
438.6 14, 373
236.9 12,247
201.9
42.9 12,588
75.8 50,206
302.5 61,084
368.1 27,236
164.1
44.1 12,385
73.8 56,445
336.3 67,690
403.3 29,904
178.2
33.2
6,057
5t.O 34,609
308.5 14,818
132.1 13,068
116.5
36. 1
6,083
53.7 34,952
308.8 15,937
149.6 14.508
128.2
65.0 21,179
58.9 135,600
379.7 78,358
217.7 64,615
179.5
76.9 22,742
62.8 100,824
444.0 90,244
249.1 70, 130
!93.6
- - - ---- - - - +18.3
+7.4
+6.6 -+-17.-7 - -+1-6.9- -+-15-.2 - -+1-4:-4 - -+-8.5-
+7.9
137.4
9,1.54
91.4 4t. 559
445.0 31,266
312.3 28,235
282.0
159.7
9. 496
94.2 52.564
521.4 34,285
340.1 30.997
307.5
28.1
I, 433
30.9 17. 725
382.3
;, 921
170.8
7,189
155.0
34.4
1, 745
37.4 20,035
429.7
8, 522
182.8
7,561
162.2
00.6
6. 949
89.4 39,652
510.0 17,561
225.9 13,666
175.8
73.7
7, 510
96.0 45,324
592.1 21,429
273.9 13,963
178.5
34.4
3,024
31.4 27. 701
287.4 16,219
168.3 12.209
126.7
41.6 3,322
34.2 34.013
350.4 18,970
195.4 13,406
138.1
7.8
619
15.8
7.023
li8.9
5,391
137.3
3,316
84.5
8. 5
669
16.9
7.888
199.6
7,037
178.1
4,203
106..
31.8
4,687
30.7 47, 957
314.1 26,349
172.6 17,366
113.7
35.2
4, 707
30.6 55,304
359.3 29,868
194.0 19,395
126.0
+10.7 - - +-.4- - - --.3- - -+1-5.-3 -+-14-.4 - -+1-3.-4 - -+1-2.-4 - -+1-1. -7 - -+-10-.8
9.0
230
8. 4 6.013
219.7
4, 251
155.3
1,919
70.1
11.2
239
8. 7 6. 439
233.5
5,017
181.9
2,126
77.1
24.9
633
29.3
7,044
325.9
3,488
161.4
1, 735
80.3
20.8
632
29.0
7, 7-iZ
355.4
3, 674
168.6
1.982
91.0
19.5
275
8.1
9.221
271.7
5,930
lit. 8
3,929
115.8
29.4
368
10.8 12.294
300.1
7,443
218.0
4. 842
141.8
72.8 3,243
75.9 20.031
468.8
9,193
215. 1
7.295
170.7
76.2
3,093
71.6 22.610
523.4 10,018
231.9
7, 647
177.0
12.2
177
12.7
2. 834
202.6
1, 539
110.0
1, 435
102.6
18.0
233
16.5
3,272
231.8
1. 772
125.6
1, 7i6
125.8
4.8
34
5.4
1,095
174.6
553
88.2
374
59.7
6.3
33
5.2
1. 200
199.2
591
93.4
433
GS. 5
14.9
95
14.0
1, 719
254.0
1,395
206.1
679
100.3
9.1
109
16.0
1,687
217.9
1,353
198.8
589
86.6
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