The economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on Georgia's economy in FY 2009

n The Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports On Georgia's Economy in FY 2009
n
April 2010 Jeffrey M. Humphreys, Director Selig Center for Economic Growth
Terry College of Business The University of Georgia
This study was supported by a grant from the Georgia Ports Authority.
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Executive Summary
This summary highlights some of the findings regarding the economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on Georgia's economy in fiscal year 2009. The ensuing sections contain the comprehensive technical report.
The statewide economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports in fiscal year 2009 includes: n $61.7 billion in sales (8.6 percent of Georgia's total sales); n $26.8 billion in state GDP (6.8 percent of Georgia's total GDP); n $15.5 billion in income (4.6 percent of Georgia's total personal income); n 295,443 full- and part-time jobs (6.7 percent of Georgia's total employment); n $3.5 billion in federal taxes; n $1.5 billion in state taxes; and n $1.1 billion in local taxes.
These economic impacts demonstrate that continued emphasis on imports and exports through Georgia's deepwater ports translates into jobs, higher incomes, greater production of goods and services, and revenue collections for government. Ports operations help to preserve Georgia's manufacturing base, and foster growth of the state's massive logistics, distribution, and warehousing cluster.
Output Impacts
Measured in the simplest and broadest terms, the total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on Georgia's economy is $61.7 billion, which is 8.6 percent of Georgia's output in FY 2009. Out of the total, $36.5 billion represents initial spending, or direct economic impact; $25.1 billion is indirect and induced spending, or the re-spending (multiplier) impact. Dividing the FY 2009 total output impact ($61.7 billion) by initial spending ($36.5 billion) yields an average multiplier value of 1.688. On average, therefore, every dollar initially spent by the ports industry and ports users generates an additional 69 cents for the state's economy.
State GDP (Value Added) Impacts
Measured in terms of GDP or value added, Georgia's deepwater ports contribute $26.8 billion to the state's economy in fiscal year 2009, which is 6.8 percent of Georgia's total GDP. Out of the total, $13.2 billion represents the direct effects of initial spending, or the direct economic impact; $13.6 billion is indirect and induced spending, or the re-spending (multiplier) impact.
Income Impacts
Measured in terms of income, Georgia's deepwater ports contributed $15.5 billion to the state's economy in fiscal year 2009, which is 4.6 percent of Georgia's total personal income. Of the total, $7.8 billion represents the
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direct effects of initial spending, or the direct economic impact; $7.7 billion is indirect and induced spending, or the re-spending (multiplier) impact. Employment Impacts
The economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports probably is most easily understood in terms of its effects on employment. Measured in these terms, Georgia's deepwater ports support 295,443 full- and part-time jobs, which is 6.7 percent of Georgia's total employment (as defined by a survey of households). This means that one job out of every fifteen is in some way dependent on the ports. Of the FY 2009 total employment impact, 128,733 jobs represent the direct effects of initial spending, or the direct economic impact; 166,710 jobs constitute the indirect and induced effect of spending, or the re-spending impact. Tax Impacts
State: The total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on tax collections by state government in fiscal year 2009 is $1.5 billion.
Local: The total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on tax collections by local governments in fiscal year 2009 is $1.1 billion.
Federal: The total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on tax collections by the federal government in fiscal year 2009 is $3.5 billion.
Deepwater ports are one of Georgia's strongest economic engines, fostering the development of virtually every industry. The ports are especially supportive of other forms of transportation, manufacturing, wholesale/distribution centers, and agriculture. The outstanding performance of Georgia's deepwater ports relative to other American ports reflects strong competitive advantages that allowed Georgia's ports to expand their share of activities. These advantages are largely the result of strategic investments in port facilities by the State of Georgia over many years. As the state and national economies gain momentum, Georgia's deepwater ports will thrive, generating even more substantial economic impacts in future fiscal years.
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Introduction
Georgia's deepwater ports industry consists of public marine terminals in Savannah and Brunswick owned by the Georgia Ports Authority as well as private marine terminals. Georgia's deepwater ports are thriving, and Savannah's port is one of the fastest growing container ports in the world. The superb performance of Georgia's ports relative to other ports reflects strong comparative advantages that allowed them to expand their shares of regional and national waterborne cargo traffic. These comparative advantages are the result of a series of strategic expansions over many years.
It is obvious that Georgia's deepwater ports create substantial economic impacts on the state in terms of output (sales), state GDP, income, employment, and tax revenues for federal, state, and local governments. Nonetheless, this study provides a quantitative assessment of the changes in overall economic activity as a result of the presence and operations of Georgia's deepwater ports in fiscal year 2009.
The facilities owned by the Georgia Ports Authority in Savannah and Brunswick will be referred to as the Port of Savannah and the Port of Brunswick, respectively; and cargo volumes, expenditures, and impact estimates for these facilities will be reported separately from those for private facilities/docks. The amounts expressed in this report (including the executive summary and appendices) are reported in current dollars (2009).
Economic Impact Highlights
The fundamental finding of this study is that the strategic decisions by state government to invest public resources in the two deepwater ports have contributed to substantial economic activity in Georgia. The statewide economic impact of the deepwater ports in fiscal year 2009 includes:
n $61.7 billion in sales (8.6 percent of Georgia's total sales); n $26.8 billion in state GDP (6.8 percent of Georgia's total GDP); n $15.5 billion in income (4.6 percent of Georgia's total personal income); n 295,443 full- and part-time jobs (6.7 percent of Georgia's total employment); n $3.5 billion in federal taxes; n $1.5 billion in state taxes; and n $1.1 billion in local taxes. Measured in the simplest and broadest possible terms, the total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on Georgia's economy is $61.7 billion. This amount represents the combined impact of the ports industry and ports users on output, which can be thought of as the equivalent of business revenue, sales, or gross receipts. The $61.7 billion output impact accounts for 8.6 percent of Georgia's total output in FY 2009. Out of the $61.7 billion, $3.2 billion (5 percent) represents the results from the ports industry and $58.5 billion (95 percent) represents the results from ports users. Of the FY 2009 total output impact, $36.5 billion represents initial spending, or direct economic impact; and $25.1 billion is indirect and induced spending, or the re-spending (multiplier) impact. Dividing the FY 2009 total output impact ($61.7 billion) by initial spending ($36.5 billion) yields an average multiplier value of 1.688. On average, therefore, every dollar initially spent by either the ports industry and ports users generates an additional 69 cents for the economy.
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Expressed in other dimensions, the ports industry and port users together support $26.8 billion in state GDP and $15.5 billion in income, which account for 6.8 percent and 4.6 percent of Georgia's GDP and total personal income, respectively. The total economic impact on employment is 295,443 full- and part-time jobs. The combined impact of the ports industry and ports users on state tax collections is $1.5 billion. The combined impact of the ports industry and ports users on local tax collections is $1.1 billion. The combined impact on federal tax collections is $3.5 billion.
The distribution of total economic impacts of cargo-based activity at the Georgia Ports Authority's facilities in Savannah and Brunswick by mode of cargo indicates that containerized cargo accounts for 91 percent of the reported economic impacts. Breakbulk cargo accounts for 4 percent of the reported impacts, and auto/vehicle cargo accounts for 3 percent of the reported impacts. Liquid bulk and dry bulk cargoes each account for about 1 percent of reported impacts.
The Concept of Port Economic Impact
The total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports consists of (1) direct spending by the ports industry, (2) direct spending by ports users, and (3) the secondary or indirect and induced spending--often referred to as the multiplier effects--created as direct expenditures by either the ports industry or ports users are re-spent.
The ports industry is defined to include economic activity (spending) that involves the transportation of waterborne cargo and ports services, including the ports themselves, the companies engaged in deepwater transportation as well as companies that provide ship services, and companies that provide inland transportation of waterborne cargo. Ports investment (capital expenditures) for additions and/or improvements to Georgia's deepwater ports also are included as part of the ports industry. This definition of the ports industry is identical to the definition used by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration in the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit. Thus, the ports industry includes activities that take place on the vessel, at the terminal, and during the inland movement of cargo. Since the firms and enterprises that provide these activities locate in Georgia because of the existence of the ports, all of their activity (spending) can be counted as direct economic impact.
Ports users are mainly manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and warehousing and storage firms that use the ports to transport materials and/or products. Although most users are importers and exporters, some ship materials or products to and/or from domestic locations. All of the economic activity (spending) generated by ports users whose decision to locate, remain, and/or expand in Georgia hinges on the presence of these deepwater ports can be counted as direct economic impact. But since most ports users are only partially dependent on the presence of Georgia's deepwater ports, only a portion of their total economic activity is counted as direct economic impact. For example, firms that use Georgia's deepwater ports due to cost advantages over other ports or other modes of transportation are only partially dependent on Georgia's ports. Also, users that only ship a portion of their production and materials through Georgia's deepwater ports are only partially dependent on the ports. To avoid double counting, ports users' activity is defined to exclude their transportation expenditures associated with the waterborne cargo that is handled by Georgia's ports industry.
Secondary spending often is referred to as the multiplier effect of direct spending. There are two types of secondary spending: indirect spending and induced spending. Indirect spending refers to the changes in inter-industry purchases as Georgia's industries respond to the additional demands triggered by spending by either the ports industry or ports users. It consists of the ripples of activity that are created when the ports industry or ports users purchase goods or services from other industries located in the state. Induced spending refers to the additional demands triggered by spending by households as their income increases due to changes in production. Basically, the induced impact captures the ripples of activity that are created when households spend more due to the increases in their earnings that were generated by the direct and indirect spending.
The sum of the direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts is the total economic impact, which often is expressed in terms of output (sales), state GDP, income, or employment. Output is gross receipts or sales, plus or minus inventory. Total output impacts are the most inclusive, largest, measure of economic impact. Because of their
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size, output impacts typically are emphasized in economic impact studies and receive much media attention. One problem with output as a measure of economic impact, however, is that it includes the value of inputs produced by other industries, which means that there inevitably is some double counting of economic activity. The other measures of economic impact (GDP, income, and employment) are free from double counting and provide a much more realistic measure of the true economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports.
State GDP is value added, which consists of employee compensation, proprietor income, other property income, and indirect business taxes. Value added is equivalent to gross output (sales or receipts and other operating income, commodity taxes, and inventory change) minus intermediate inputs (consumption of goods and services purchased from other industries or imported). It is often referred to as the state-level counterpart of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP). Income is all forms of employment income, including wages, salaries, and proprietors' incomes. It does not include non-wage compensation (e.g., pensions and health insurance), transfer payments (e.g., welfare or social security benefits), or unearned income (e.g., dividends, interest, and rent). Employment includes total wage and salary employees as well as self-employed individuals. It encompasses both full- and part-time jobs and is measured in annual average jobs.
Methodology
Estimating the economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports involved two distinct steps. First, data regarding tonnage by type and capital expenditures were obtained from the Georgia Ports Authority. The tonnage and capital expenditure data were imported into the U.S. Department of Transportation's MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit to estimate the direct, indirect, induced, and total economic impacts of the ports industry. Second, ports users' spending was estimated. Ports users were surveyed in 2003 to determine the degree to which they depend on Georgia's deepwater ports. To help correct for non-response and/or incomplete responses and to update the analysis, several types of government and administrative data were used to assess the proportion of revenue or sales in various industries that could be attributed to ports usage. The IMPLAN Version 3.0 economic impact assessment software system was used to estimate the indirect and induced economic impacts of the ports-related portion of spending by users.
Estimating the Ports Industry's Economic Impact
A revised version of the U.S. Department of Transportation's MARAD port economic impact model that was built specifically for Georgia was used to estimate the direct, indirect, and induced economic impact of spending by the ports industry. A detailed discussion of the model, including its structure, methods, and use can be found in the twovolume MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit.
The Georgia Ports Authority provided the fiscal year 2009 data on cargo volume (import and export) by mode of transportation for the Savannah and Brunswick facilities that the MARAD model required. The cargo volume reported for the Port of Savannah includes data for the Garden City and Ocean terminals. The cargo volume reported for the Port of Brunswick includes data for Colonel's Island, Brunswick East River, Logistec (Marine Port Terminals), and the Mayor's Point Terminal. Table 1 summarizes cargo volume for cars, containerized cargo, breakbulk cargo, dry bulk cargo, and liquid bulk cargo. Cargo volume is expressed on a per-vehicle basis for auto/vehicle cargo; a per-TEU (Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit) basis for containerized cargo; and a per-short ton (2,000 pounds) for breakbulk, dry bulk, and liquid bulk. In addition, the Georgia Ports Authority provided estimates of cargo volume for the private facilities/docks based on an analysis of data obtained from PIERS, and the estimates are summarized in Table 2. The Georgia Ports Authority also provided capital expenditures (ports investment) in FY 2009 for the facilities that it owns. Capital expenditures by the private facilities/docks are not included in this analysis, however.
Estimating the Ports Users' Economic Impact
A confidential survey of the entire population of current users of the Georgia Ports Authority's facilities was conducted in 2003 to identify the industries that utilize the ports, their sales, and the extent to which they depend on the
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ports. The Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports on Georgia's Economy in FY 2003 (April 2004) contains both the survey instrument and a brief summary of responses. Secondary sources of information supplemented and updated the information obtained from the survey. These secondary sources include: (1) The U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis' historical data on gross domestic product and output, gross state product, and personal income (estimates for 2009 were prepared by the Selig Center). (2) The U.S. Department of Labor's and the Georgia Department of Labor's historical data on employment by industry. (3) U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, Office of Ports and Domestic Shipping on the economic impact of ports users at the national level. (4) A study of the economic impacts of the U.S. Deepwater Port System prepared for the American Association of Port Authorities. (5) The Georgia Department of Community Affairs and the Department of Industry Trade and Tourism's summary information from their survey of manufacturers regarding their international trade activity and current and future exports of their products.
Based on an analysis of both the survey and secondary information sources, it was determined that port-related sales (output) totaled $34.5 billion in Georgia in fiscal year 2009, or about 4.8 percent of Georgia's total output that year. Manufacturers were estimated to account for about 75 percent of port-related sales, while wholesale/ distribution/warehousing/storage activities accounted for about 19 percent of port-related sales, and agriculture, forestry, and mining accounted for the remaining 6 percent.
The IMPLAN Version 3.0 modeling system was used to estimate the indirect and induced economic impact of ports users' direct expenditures. A detailed discussion of the IMPLAN modeling system, including its structure, methods, and use, can be found at www.implan.com.
The Results
The total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on output, GDP, income, and employment is summarized in Table 3. The direct, indirect plus induced, and the total economic impacts of Georgia's deepwater ports in terms of output, income, and gross state product are reported in Table 4. Similarly, Table 5 and Table 6 report the employment and tax impacts, respectively. Table 7 reports the overall multiplier values for output, employment, income, and GDP. Table 8 reports the total economic impacts of cargo-based activity by mode of cargo at the Georgia Ports Authority's operations in Savannah and Brunswick. Table 9 shows the ports industry's employment impact by occupation. Table 10 details the employment impact of port users by industry. More detailed tabulations of the economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports are included in Appendix 1.
n Output Impacts n
Measured in the broadest terms, the total economic impact of the Port of Savannah and the Port of Brunswick on Georgia's economy is $61.7 billion, which is 8.6 percent of Georgia's output in FY 2009.
Out of the total, $3.2 billion (5 percent) represents the results from the ports industry, of which the GPA's operations at the Port of Savannah contribute 76 percent. Ports users' total output impact, however, is nineteen times greater than that of the ports industry $58.5 billion. Indeed, ports users account for almost 95 percent of the total output impact of Georgia's deepwater ports.
Of the FY 2009 total output impact, $36.5 billion represents initial spending, or direct economic impact; $25.1 billion is indirect and induced spending, or the re-spending (multiplier) impact. Dividing the FY 2009 total output impact ($61.7 billion) by initial spending ($36.5 billion) yields an average multiplier value of 1.688. On average, therefore, every dollar initially spent by either the ports industry or ports users generates an additional 69 cents for the state's economy.
n GDP (Value Added) Impacts n
Measured in terms of GDP or value added, Georgia's deepwater ports contributed $26.8 billion to the state's
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economy in FY 2009, which is 6.8 percent of Georgia's total GDP. Out of the total GDP impact, $1.5 billion (6 percent) represents the results from the ports industry. The GPA's operations at the Port of Savannah contribute 77 percent of this $1.5 billion. But the $25.2 billion GDP impact attributed to ports users is sixteen times greater than that of the port industry, so users account for 94 percent of the total GDP impact of Georgia's deepwater ports.
Of the FY 2009 total GDP impact, $13.2 billion represents the direct effects of initial spending, or the direct economic impact; $13.6 billion is indirect and induced spending, or the re-spending (multiplier) impact. Dividing the FY 2009 total GDP impact ($26.8 billion) by the direct GDP impact ($13.2 billion) yields an average multiplier value of 2.028. On average, therefore, every dollar of direct GDP produced by the ports industry and ports users yields an additional 103 cents for the state's economy.
n Income Impacts n
Measured in terms of income, Georgia's deepwater ports contributed $15.5 billion to the state's economy in fiscal year 2009, which is 4.6 percent of Georgia's total personal income. Out of the total, $1.1 billion (7 percent) represents the results from the ports industry. The GPA's operations at the Port of Savannah contribute 77 percent of this $1.1 billion, but ports users' $14.4 billion income impact is almost thirteen times greater. Indeed, users account for 93 percent of the total income impact of Georgia's deepwater ports.
Of the FY 2009 total income impact, $7.8 billion represents the direct effects of initial spending, or the direct economic impact; $7.7 billion is indirect and induced spending, or the re-spending (multiplier) impact. Dividing the FY 2009 total income impact ($15.5 billion) by the direct income impact ($7.8 billion) yields an average multiplier value of 1.994. On average, therefore, every dollar of direct income produced by the ports industry and ports users generates an additional 99 cents for the state's economy.
n Employment Impacts n
The economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports probably is most easily understood in terms of its effects on employment. Measured in these terms, Georgia's deepwater ports support 295,443 full- and part-time jobs, which equal 6.7 percent of Georgia's total employment based on the household survey definition of employment.
This means that one job out of every fifteen is in some way dependent on the ports. Out of the 295,443 jobs, 28,234 (10 percent) represent the results from the ports industry. The GPA's operations at the Port of Savannah contribute 77 percent of these 28,234 jobs, but ports users' 267,209-job impact is nine times greater, so users account for 90 percent of the total employment impact of Georgia's deepwater ports.
Of the FY 2009 total employment impact, 128,733 jobs represent the direct effects of initial spending, or the direct economic impact; 166,710 jobs constitute the indirect and induced effect of spending, or the re-spending (multiplier) impact. Dividing the FY 2009 total job impact (295,422 jobs) by the direct job impact (128,720 jobs) yields an average multiplier value of 2.295. On average, therefore, each job created directly by the ports industry and ports users yields an additional 1.3 jobs in the state.
n State Tax Impact n
Spending by the ports industry and ports users generate substantial tax revenue for Georgia's state government. The total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on tax collections by state government in fiscal year 2009 is $1.5 billion.
n Local Tax Impact n
Spending by the ports industry and ports users generate substantial tax revenue for Georgia's local governments. The total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on tax collections by local governments in fiscal year 2009 is $1.1 billion.
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n Federal Tax Impact n
Spending by the ports industry and ports users generate substantial tax revenue for the federal government. The total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on tax collections by the federal government in fiscal year 2009 is $3.5 billion.
Comparisons to Previous Estimates
In 2007, the Georgia Ports Authority retained the University of Georgia's Terry College of Business to estimate the economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on the state's economy. Economic impact estimates for FY 2006 were published in The Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports on Georgia's Economy (2007). The methods used were very similar to those used in this study. The FY 2006 impact of Georgia's deepwater ports were $55.8 billion in sales, $24.8 billion in state GDP, $14.9 billion in income, and 286,476 full- and part-time jobs.
In 2004, the Georgia Ports Authority retained the University of Georgia's Terry College of Business and Savannah State University to estimate the economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on the state's economy. Economic impact estimates for FY 2003 were published in The Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports on Georgia's Economy in FY 2003 (April 2004). The study found that the FY 2003 impact of Georgia's deepwater ports were $35.4 billion in sales, $17.1 billion in gross state product, $10.8 billion in income, and 275,968 full- and part-time jobs.
In 1997, Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc. conducted the study and published its results (for 1996) in Economic Impacts of Georgia's Deepwater Ports of Savannah and Brunswick (March 20, 1998). Instead of using actual cargo volumes and standard macroeconomic input-output modeling systems (e.g., MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit, IMPLAN, RIMS, or REMI) to measure direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts, Booz-Allen & Hamilton relied primarily on direct survey methods, which they said is "somewhat unique." Due to the unique character of their methods as well as the use of non-conventional definitions of standard economic impact terms, it is very difficult to make meaningful direct comparisons of their results to the results of this study, or to those of any other port economic impact study.
Booz-Allen & Hamilton found that the total economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports on output (sales) and employment were $22.3 billion and 76,672 jobs, respectively. Their estimates of the economic impact on tax collections by state and local governments was $569 million, and that the economic impact on wages was $1.7 billion. The estimates produced by the Terry College of Business (based on data for FY 2003) were considerably larger. The order of magnitude of Booz-Allen & Hamilton's output impact ($22.3 billion), however, appears to be somewhat reasonable considering that: (1) the Port of Savannah and the Port of Brunswick both experienced exceptionally rapid growth in cargo volumes from 1996-2003 (implying that direct spending by the ports industry was much smaller in 1996 than it was in 2003); (2) Georgia's overall economy was much smaller in 1996 than it was in 2003 (implying that ports-related impacts were much smaller in 1996 than in 2003); (3) the survey-based approach did not capture all of the direct economic impacts; (4) the survey-based approach is incapable of capturing many of the indirect economic impacts; and (5) the survey-based approach does not capture any of the induced economic impacts.
In 1999, Georgia Southern University applied more conventional input-output modeling techniques to re-estimate the ports' 1996 economic impact. But it appears that they basically relied on Booz-Allen & Hamilton's estimate of direct economic impact. Nonetheless, Georgia Southern's use of the REMI model to re-estimate both the indirect and induced economic impacts more fully captured the indirect and induced economic impacts of the direct spending (as estimated by Booz-Allen & Hamilton). Consequently, their impact estimates were somewhat higher than those produced by Booz-Allen & Hamilton.
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Closing Comment
This study investigates the economic impact of Georgia's deepwater ports, and finds substantial economic impacts in terms of output (gross receipts or sales), state GDP, income, employment, state and local tax revenues, and federal tax revenues. The findings are based on analytical methods that are standard in regional economics and economic consulting.
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Table 1
Cargo Volume by Mode of Transportation at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah and Brunswick
(Import and Export) in FY 2009



Cargo Volume1



Cargo Type

Mode

Total

Savannah Brunswick



Autos

Long Dist. Truck

120,278

5,945

114,334



Short Dist. Truck

85,750

0

85,750



Rail

87,236

1,486

85,750



Total

293,265

7,431

285,834



Containerized Long Dist. Truck

986,992

986,991

1



Short Dist. Truck

962,975

962,975

0



Rail

456,303

456,303

0



Total

2,406,271

2,406,270

1



Breakbulk

Long Dist. Truck

793,915

527,295

266,620



Short Dist. Truck

619,891

410,341

209,550



Rail

459,677

237,372

222,305



Total

1,873,483

1,175,008

698,475



Dry Bulk

Long Dist. Truck

29,289

0

29,289



Short Dist. Truck

502,499

65,260

437,239



Rail

857,997

0

857,997



Total

1,389,785

65,260

1,324,525



Liquid Bulk

Long Dist. Truck

0

0

0



Short Dist. Truck

176,943

169,132

7,811



Rail

739,263

721,036

18,227



Total

916,206

890,168

26,038

Percent of Total by Mode
41 29 30 100
41 40 19 100
42 33 25 100
2 36 62 100
0 19 81 100

1 Cargo volume is expressed on a per-vehicle basis for auto/vehicle cargo; a per-TEU ("Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit") basis for containerized cargo, a per-short ton (2,000 pounds) basis for breakbulk, dry bulk, and liquid bulk cargo. Cargo volume is for the public facilities owned by the Georgia Ports Authority and does not include cargo volume for private facilities/docks.
Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu) based on data provided by the Georgia Ports Authority for FY 2009, 2010.

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Table 2
Cargo Volume for Private Facilities/Docks in Savannah and Brunswick
(Import and Export) in FY 2009

Cargo Type
Breakbulk Dry Bulk Liquid Bulk

Cargo Volume1 Total
1,811,668 3,314,093 5,226,785



Total

10,352,546

1Cargo volume is expressed on a per-short ton (2,000 pounds) basis. Cargo volume is for the privately owned facilities/docks and does not include cargo volume for facilities owned by the Georgia Ports Authority.

Source:

Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu) based on data provided by the Georgia Ports Authority for FY 2009, 2010.

Table 3
Summary of the Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports on Georgia
in Fiscal Year 2009 (millions of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact on:



Output

State GDP

Income



Ports Industry

3,165

1,544

1,090

Savannah Cargo-Based Activity

2,417

1,186

837

Brunswick Cargo-Based Activity

111

55

36

Ports Investment

76

41

32

Private Facilities/Docks

561

262

185

Ports Users

58,490

25,208

14,407

Total Output/Revenue Impact

61,655

26,752

15,497

Employment (jobs)
28,234 21,628
912 712 4,982
267,209
295,443

Note:

The ports industry refers to firms/enterprises located in Georgia because of the existence of the ports. Savannah and Brunswick cargo-based activity refers to impacts generated by the public facilities owned by the Georgia Ports Authority. Private facilities/docks refers to impacts generated by privately owned facilities/docks. Ports users are firms/enterprises that utilize ports facilities (primarily importers and exporters).

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), 2010.

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Table 4
Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports on Output (Revenue), Income, and State GDP in Georgia, Fiscal Year 2009 (millions of 2009 dollars)

Direct Economic Impact on
Output/Revenue

Indirect & Induced Economic Impact on
Output/Revenue

Ports Industry

2,060

1,104

Savannah Cargo-Based Activity

1,575

842

Brunswick Cargo-Based Activity

73

38

Ports Investment

46

30

Private Facilities/Docks

366

194



Ports Users

34,461

24,029



Total Output/Revenue Impact

36,521

25,133

Direct Economic Impact on
Income

Indirect & Induced Economic Impact on
Income

Ports Industry

729

361

Savannah Cargo-Based Activity

561

276

Brunswick Cargo-Based Activity

24

12

Ports Investment

22

10

Private Facilities/Docks

122

63



Ports Users

7,043

7,365



Total Income Impact

7,772

7,726



Direct

Indirect & Induced

Economic Impact on

Economic Impact on

Gross State Product

Gross State Product

Ports Industry

1,004

Savannah Cargo-Based Activity

775

Brunswick Cargo-Based Activity

36

Ports Investment

26

Private Facilities/Docks

167



Ports Users

12,185



Total State GDP

13,189

540 412
19 15 94
13,022
13,562

Total Economic Impact on
Output/Revenue
3,165 2,417
111 76
561
58,490
61,655
Total Economic Impact on
Income
1,089 837 36 32 185
14,407
15,497
Total Economic Impact on
State GDP
1,544 1,186
55 41 262
25,208
26,752

Note: The ports industry refers to firms/enterprises located in Georgia because of the existence of the ports. Savannah and Brunswick cargo-based activity and refers to impacts generated by the public facilities owned by the Georgia Ports Authority. Private facilities/docks refers to impacts generated by privately owned facilities/docks. Ports users are firms enterprises that utilize ports facilities (primarily importers and exporters).
Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), 2010.

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Table 5
Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports on Employment in Georgia, Fiscal Year 2009 (full- and part-time jobs)

Direct Economic Impact on
Employment (full- and part-time jobs)

Indirect & Induced Economic Impact on
Employment (full- and part-time jobs)

Total Economic Impact on
Employment (full- and part-time jobs)

Ports Industry

18,421

9,813

Savannah Cargo-Based Activity

14,131

7,499

Brunswick Cargo-Based Activity

577

334

Ports Investment

446

266

Private Facilities/Docks

3,267

1,714



Ports Users

110,312

156,897



Total Employment Impact

128,733

166,710

28,234 21,628
912 712 4,982
267,209
295,443

Note:

The ports industry refers to firms/enterprises located in Georgia because of the existence of the ports. Savannah and Brunswick cargo-based activity refers to impacts generated by the public facilities owned by the Georgia Ports Authority. Private facilities/docks refers to impacts generated by privately owned facilities/ docks. Ports users are firms/enterprises that utilize ports facilities (primarily importers and exporters).

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), 2010.

Table 6
Economic Impact of Georgia's Deepwater Ports on Tax Collections in Georgia, Fiscal Year 2009
(millions of 2009 dollars)

Federal Taxes

State Taxes

Local Taxes

Ports Industry

333.3

62.3

64.1

Savannah Cargo-Based Activity

256.6

48.3

50.0

Brunswick Cargo-Based Activity

11.3

2.1

2.2

Ports Investment

9.3

1.6

1.5

Private Facilities/Docks

56.6

10.3

10.4



Ports Users

3,211.5

1,435.4

1,082.9



Total

3,545.1

1,497.7

1,147.0

Note:

The ports industry refers to firms/enterprises located in Georgia because of the existence of the ports. Savannah and Brunswick cargo-based activity refer to impacts generated by the public facilities owned by the Georgia Ports Authority. Private facilities/docks refers to impacts generated by privately owned facilities/docks. Ports users are firms/enterprises that utilize ports facilities (primarily importers and exporters).

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), 2010.

14

Table 7
Overall Multipliers for Output, Employment, Income, and State GDP,
Fiscal Year 2009

Ports Industry Savannah Cargo-Based Activity Brunswick Cargo-Based Activity Ports Investment Private Facilities/Docks
Ports Users
Total

Output Multiplier
Value
1.536 1.535 1.521 1.652 1.533
1.697
1.688

Employment Multiplier Value
1.533 1.531 1.581 1.596 1.525
2.422
2.295

Income Multiplier
Value
1.495 1.492 1.500 1.455 1.516
2.046
1.994

GDP Multiplier
Value
1.538 1.530 1.528 1.577 1.569
2.069
2.028

Note: The ports industry refers to firms/enterprises located in Georgia because of the existence of the ports. Savannah and Brunswick cargo-based activity and refer to impacts generated by the public facilities owned by the Georgia Ports Authority. Private facilities/docks refers to impacts generated by privately owned facilities/ docks. Ports users are firms/enterprises that utilize ports facilities (primarily importers and exporters).
Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), 2010.

Table 8
Distribution of Total Economic Impacts of Cargo-Based Activity at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah and Brunswick by Mode of Cargo,
Fiscal Year 2009



Output/Revenue State GDP

Model/Impact

(Mil. $2009)

(Mil. $2009)

Containerized Breakbulk Auto/Vehicle Dry Bulk Liquid Bulk

2,305 97 77 29 20

1,131 48 38 13 10

Total

2,529

1,241

Percent of Total

Containerized Breakbulk Auto/Vehicle Dry Bulk Liquid Bulk

91.2

91.2

3.9

3.9

3.0

3.1

1.1

1.1

0.8

0.8

Total

100.0

100.0

Income

Employment

(Mil. $2009)

(jobs)

797 36 25 9 6

20,552 1,015 641 207 125

873

22,540

91.3 4.2 2.9 1.0 0.7
100.0

91.2 4.5 2.8 0.9 0.6
100.0

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), 2010.

15

Table 9
Ports Industry Employment Impact by Occupation in Georgia, Fiscal Year 2009 (full- and part-time jobs)

Occupational Category
Executive, administrative and managerial Managerial and administrative Management support
Professional specialty Engineers Architects and surveyors Life scientists Computer, math, and operations research Physical scientists Religious workers Social scientists Social and recreation workers Lawyers and judicial workers Teachers, librarians, and counselors Health diagnosing Health assessment and treatment Writers, artists, and entertainers All other professionals
Technicians and related support Health Engineering Other technicians
Marketing and sales Cashiers Counter and rental clerks Insurance sales agents Marketing and sales worker supervisors Models, demonstrators, product promoters Parts salespersons Real estate agents and brokers Retail salespersons Sales engineers Securities, commodities, financial service sales Travel agents All other sales and related
Administrative support Adjusters, investigators, and collectors Communications equipment operators Computer operators Information clerks Mail clerks and messengers Postal clerks and mail carriers Material recording, scheduling, dispatch, distributing Records processing Secretaries, stenographers, typists Other administrative support
16

Ports Industry Impact (full- and part-time jobs)
2,321 1,745
576
858 134
14 8
143 21 48 10 33 24
142 13 71
106 91
270 97
101 74
2,134 487 100 36 263 20 23 13 541 4 19 5 621
4,606 223 42 21 172 137 32
1,183 839 455
1,501
(continued)

Table 9
Ports Industry Employment Impact by Occupation in Georgia, Fiscal Year 2009 (full- and part-time jobs) (continued)

Occupational Category
Service Cleaning and building service Food preparation and service Health service Personal service Private household workers Protective service
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
Production, craft, and repair Blue collar worker supervisors Construction trades Extractive and related workers Mechanics, installers, and repairers Machinery mechanics, installers, and repairers Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics Other mechanics, installers, and repairers
Precision production
Plant and systems
Operators, fabricators, and laborers Numerical control machine tool operators Combination machine tool setters, etc. Machine setters, operators, and tenders Hand Workers, including assemblers Transportation and material moving machine/vehicle Helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand
Total all occupations

Ports Industry Impact (full- and part-time jobs)
2,078 298
1,259 100 67 34 308
120
3,358 745 348 24
1,338 122 596 187
237
23
12,229 2 2
258 276 9,339 2,349
28,234

Note: The ports industry refers to firms/enterprises located in Georgia because of the existence of the ports.
Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), 2010.

17

Table 10
Ports Users Employment Impact by Industry in Georgia, Fiscal Year 2009 (full- and part-time jobs)

Impacted Industry
Ag, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Transportation and Warehousing Information Finance & Insurance Real Estate & Rental Professional, Scientific, & Tech. Services Management Administrative & Waste Services Educational Services Health & Social Services Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Accommodations & Food Services Other Services Government
Total

Employment (jobs)
17,290 2,989 1,016 2,055
66,529 38,193 19,106 22,459
3,411 8,218 9,408 11,564 5,162 14,987 2,601 14,180 2,917 11,710 11,306 2,108
267,209

Note: Ports users are firms/enterprises that utilize ports facilities (primarily importers and exporters).
Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, The University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), 2010.

18

Table A-1
The Economic Impact of Port Industry Activity at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah and Brunswick
on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

2,770.4 1,088.6 4,033.7 31,905.1 166,939.6 1,745,815.1 64,581.8 140,700.9 155,146.8 194,229.1 18,894.2

10.0 21.0 40.0 96.0 516.0 15,574.0 374.0 2,520.0 900.0 2,328.0 132.0

265.5 486.9 578.4 4,388.4 26,237.1 622,960.8 26,262.3 51,733.0 49,687.5 83,482.6 6,021.0

459.2 600.9 1,392.3 9,845.0 48,396.9 865,672.0 27,439.5 81,901.9 98,885.8 94,777.1 10,488.1

Total

2,526,105.3

22,519.0

872,104.1

1,239,858.7



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

1,646,814.7

14,695.0

584,119.6

809,806.1

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

879,291.0

7,825.0

287,984.6

430,053.0

3. Total Economic Impact

2,526,105.3

22,519.0

872,104.1

1,239,858.7

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.534

1.532

1.493

1.531



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

771,168.7

2. Taxes, Total

194,438.8

a. Local Taxes

32,316.6

b. State Taxes

29,055.6

c. Federal Taxes

133,065.9

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

274,251.6

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)



1,239,858.7



Tax Accounts

Total

370,143.9

Local

52,225.6

State

50,435.8

Federal

267,482.8



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

13.7

Income

529,170.1

State Taxes

30,603.2

Local Taxes

31,689.1

Gross State Product

752,314.0

Initial Expenditure in Dollars 1,648,060,063.7

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

19

Table A-2
The Economic Impact of Port Industry Activity at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah
on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

2,650.4 1,054.4 3,749.2 29,983.5 157,585.4 1,677,194.4 61,862.9 135,004.6 148,025.8 184,837.1 15,470.3

10.0 21.0 37.0 91.0 492.0 15,017.0 358.0 2,418.0 861.0 2,206.0 112.0

254.2 471.5 538.4 4,120.9 24,989.7 600,076.2 25,156.7 49,639.0 47,615.5 79,041.8 4,865.1

439.5 581.1 1,294.8 9,254.2 45,902.5 831,410.9 26,284.2 78,589.0 94,268.6 90,108.5 8,251.8

Total

2,417,417.8

21,628.0

836,769.4

1,186,385.3



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

1,575,431.2

14,131.0

560,889.0

774,660.9

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

841,986.9

7,499.0

275,880.7

411,724.5

3. Total Economic Impact

2,417,417.8

21,628.0

836,769.4

1,186,385.3

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.534

1.531

1.492

1.531



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

740,038.3

2. Taxes, Total

186,446.0

a. Local Taxes

30,935.2

b. State Taxes

27,833.0

c. Federal Taxes

127,677.6

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

259,901.0

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)

1,186,385.3



Tax Accounts

Total

355,032.1

Local

50,037.5

State

48,346.9

Federal

256,648.2



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

13.7

Income

530,770.0

State Taxes

30,666.9

Local Taxes

31,739.2

Gross State Product

752,534.4

Initial Expenditure in Dollars 1,576,519,687.9

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

20

Table A-3
The Economic Impact of Port Industry Activity at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Brunswick
on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

120.0 34.3
284.5 1,921.6 9,354.2 68,620.7 2,718.9 5,696.3 7,121.0 9,392.0 3,423.9

0.0 0.0 3.0 5.0 24.0 557.0 16.0 102.0 39.0 122.0 20.0

11.3 15.5 40.0 267.5 1,247.5 22,884.5 1,105.6 2,094.0 2,072.0 4,440.9 1,155.9

19.7 19.8 97.4 590.9 2,494.4 34,261.0 1,155.3 3,313.0 4,617.2 4,668.6 2,236.3

Total

108,687.5

891.0

35,334.7

53,473.5



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

71,383.5

564.0

23,230.5

35,145.2

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

37,304.1

326.0

12,103.9

18,328.5

3. Total Economic Impact

108,687.5

891.0

35,334.7

53,473.5

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.523

1.580

1.521

1.522



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

31,130.4

2. Taxes, Total

7,992.8

a. Local Taxes

1,381.4

b. State Taxes

1,222.6

c. Federal Taxes

5,388.3

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

14,350.6

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)



53,473.5



Tax Accounts

Total

15,111.7

Local

2,188.1

State

2,088.9

Federal

10,834.6



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

12.5

Income

493,912.6

State Taxes

29,199.2

Local Taxes

30,585.5

Gross State Product

747,458.5

Initial Expenditure in Dollars

71,540,375.9

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

21

Table A-4
The Economic Impact of Auto/Vehicle Cargo at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah and Brunswick
on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

85.5 24.3 86.5 1,439.4 4,428.5 50,809.8 1,595.0 4,022.3 5,328.1 6,254.9 2,821.9

0.0 0.0 1.0 4.0 15.0 415.0 9.0 72.0 29.0 77.0 16.0

8.1 10.8 13.0 200.4 783.0 16,581.0 648.7 1,478.8 1,495.1 2,893.7 954.4

14.1 14.2 30.3 442.6 1,364.6 25,087.1 677.7 2,339.6 3,478.6 3,065.3 1,852.7

Total

76,896.1

641.0

25,066.9

38,366.6



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

50,115.7

405.0

16,307.6

25,108.8

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

26,780.5

235.0

8,759.3

13,257.9

3. Total Economic Impact

76,896.1

641.0

25,066.9

38,366.6

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.534

1.583

1.537

1.528



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

22,050.0

2. Taxes, Total

5,704.4

a. Local Taxes

979.6

b. State Taxes

866.0

c. Federal Taxes

3,858.7

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

10,612.2

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)

38,366.6



Tax Accounts

Total

10,754.7

Local

1,551.9

State

1,480.6

Federal

7,722.3



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

12.8

Income

499,103.6

State Taxes

29,480.5

Local Taxes

30,899.5

Gross State Product

763,911.6

Initial Expenditure in Dollars

50,223,852.7

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

22

Table A-5
The Economic Impact of Breakbulk Cargo at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah and Brunswick
on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

115.1 43.6
212.2 1,209.7 7,725.2 54,862.1 2,520.0 5,801.4 6,340.5 17,188.8 1,477.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 21.0 516.0 14.0 103.0 36.0 306.0 9.0

11.0 19.6 30.0 165.7 1,091.0 19,726.5 1,024.7 2,133.5 2,002.6 9,537.4 489.3

18.9 24.0 72.8 373.7 2,126.9 26,982.9 1,070.6 3,377.2 4,052.6 9,243.1 916.4

Total

97,495.9

1,015.0

36,231.7

48,259.4



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

63,439.6

708.0

25,052.1

31,504.1

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

34,056.4

307.0

11,179.5

16,755.6

3. Total Economic Impact

97,495.9

1,015.0

36,231.7

48,259.4

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.537

1.434

1.446

1.532



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

32,231.9

2. Taxes, Total

7,884.3

a. Local Taxes

1,318.5

b. State Taxes

1,189.3

c. Federal Taxes

5,376.4

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

8,143.5

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)

48,259.4



Tax Accounts

Total

15,183.9

Local

2,145.7

State

2,077.5

Federal

10,960.7



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

16.0

Income

570,550.0

State Taxes

32,714.2

Local Taxes

33,789.5

Gross State Product

759,954.4

Initial Expenditure in Dollars

63,503,087.8

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

23

Table A-6
The Economic Impact of Containerized Cargo at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah and Brunswick
on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

2,521.3 1,008.9 3,411.3 28,470.6 147,001.7 1,613,092.4 58,751.9 128,556.8 141,016.4 167,817.4 13,840.9

10.0 20.0 34.0 87.0 468.0 14,454.0 341.0 2,303.0 820.0 1,913.0 103.0

242.0 451.2 491.2 3,912.3 23,667.1 577,232.1 23,891.7 47,268.1 45,390.4 69,803.2 4,325.9

418.3 555.8 1,179.6 8,787.3 43,157.1 799,323.1 24,962.6 74,836.5 89,795.4 81,042.6 7,243.6

Total

2,305,489.7

20,552.0

796,675.2

1,131,301.7



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

1,502,027.2

13,397.0

533,341.0

738,436.3

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

803,462.5

7,155.0

263,334.4

392,865.4

3. Total Economic Impact

2,305,489.7

20,552.0

796,675.2

1,131,301.7

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.535

1.534

1.494

1.532



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

704,357.7

2. Taxes, Total

177,733.7

a. Local Taxes

29,480.4

b. State Taxes

26,518.1

c. Federal Taxes

121,735.1

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

249,210.3

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)

1,131,301.7



Tax Accounts

Total

338,242.2

Local

47,667.1

State

46,049.2

Federal

244,526.0



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

13.7

Income

530,050.4

State Taxes

30,637.8

Local Taxes

31,714.3

Gross State Product

752,686.9

Initial Expenditure in Dollars 1,503,017,744.2

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

24

Table A-7
The Economic Impact of Dry Bulk Cargo at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah and Brunswick
on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

27.5 6.9
185.0 414.0 4,449.8 15,158.7 984.3 1,317.1 1,429.5 1,765.8 557.1

0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 115.0 6.0 24.0 9.0 19.0 3.0

2.5 3.1 25.3 57.9 397.6 5,248.3 400.2 484.1 458.3 747.2 187.0

4.4 3.9 62.7 127.3 999.0 7,759.1 418.3 765.5 908.0 849.4 358.1

Total

26,295.7

186.0

8,011.3

12,255.7



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

17,675.9

113.0

5,294.1

8,125.3

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

8,619.8

74.0

2,717.2

4,130.5

3. Total Economic Impact

26,295.7

186.0

8,011.3

12,255.7

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.488

1.646

1.513

1.508



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

7,064.7

2. Taxes, Total

1,805.7

a. Local Taxes

319.1

b. State Taxes

282.3

c. Federal Taxes

1,204.0

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

3,385.5

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)

12,255.7



Tax Accounts

Total

3,419.6

Local

502.0

State

478.8

Federal

2,438.9



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

10.5

Income

452,038.1

State Taxes

27,018.5

Local Taxes

28,326.2

Gross State Product

691,527.8

Initial Expenditure in Dollars

17,722,579.4

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

25

Table A-8
The Economic Impact of Liquid Bulk Cargo at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah and Brunswick
on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

20.9 5.0
138.7 371.3 3,334.3 11,892.1 730.5 1,003.3 1,032.2 1,202.1 197.2

0.0

2.0

3.5

0.0

2.2

3.0

1.0

18.9

47.0

1.0

52.1

114.1

5.0

298.4

749.2

74.0

4,172.9

6,519.8

4.0

297.0

310.4

18.0

368.6

583.1

6.0

341.2

651.3

13.0

501.1

576.8

1.0

64.4

117.2

Total

19,927.8

125.0

6,119.0

9,675.3



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

13,556.2

72.0

4,124.8

6,631.6

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

6,371.7

54.0

1,994.3

3,043.6

3. Total Economic Impact

19,927.8

125.0

6,119.0

9,675.3

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.470

1.736

1.483

1.459



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

5,464.5

2. Taxes, Total

1,310.7

a. Local Taxes

219.0

b. State Taxes

199.9

c. Federal Taxes

891.8

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

2,900.1

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)

9,675.3



Tax Accounts

Total

2,543.5

Local

358.8

State

349.8

Federal

1,834.9



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

9.2

Income

450,163.4

State Taxes

25,730.7

Local Taxes

26,399.9

Gross State Product

711,797.0

Initial Expenditure in Dollars

13,592,799.7

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

26

Table A-9
The Economic Impact of Port Industry Activity at Private Facilities/Docks in Savannah and Brunswick
on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

594.3 161.6 1,626.5 6,321.1 49,072.1 364,618.0 16,739.8 30,342.7 32,731.9 52,701.3 5,691.9

2.0 2.0 17.0 19.0 113.0 3,215.0 97.0 543.0 191.0 743.0 37.0

56.7 71.3 226.5 868.2 5,934.9 122,906.4 6,807.3 11,153.9 10,646.4 24,751.3 1,852.7

98.2 92.2 554.7 1,951.2 12,565.3 170,830.3 7,112.4 17,657.6 20,814.6 26,648.1 3,362.0

Total

560,601.3

4,982.0

185,275.8

261,686.4



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

366,233.8

3,267.0

122,202.1

167,283.8

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

194,367.5

1,714.0

63,073.8

94,402.7

3. Total Economic Impact

560,601.3

4,982.0

185,275.8

261,686.4

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.531

1.525

1.516

1.564



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

165,278.8

2. Taxes, Total

39,861.4

a. Local Taxes

6,126.0

b. State Taxes

5,725.4

c. Federal Taxes

28,010.1

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

56,546.1

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)

261,686.4



Tax Accounts

Total

77,189.5

Local

10,355.4

State

10,267.5

Federal

56,566.5



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

13.6

Income

505,322.9

State Taxes

28,003.8

Local Taxes

28,243.4

Gross State Product

713,725.7

Initial Expenditure in Dollars 366,648,432.2

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

27

Table A-10
The Economic Impact of Port Investment (Capital Expenditures) at the Georgia Ports Authority's Facilities in Savannah and Brunswick on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GSP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture Agri. Serv., Forestry, & Fish Mining Construction Manufacturing Trans. & Public Utilities Wholesale Retail Trade Finance, Ins., & Real Estate Services Government

106.9 116.4 1,624.7 24,043.8 16,417.4 4,157.5 2,992.8 5,299.8 5,123.7 15,922.2 381.5

0.8 1.6 8.8 301.0 87.5 20.9 16.9 94.7 29.7 146.9 3.2

10.9 44.1 547.1 13,653.8 4,256.7 1,072.5 1,217.0 1,955.4 1,644.6 7,466.6 115.0

19.3 65.8 873.1 16,781.7 6,193.4 1,802.0 1,271.6 3,107.1 3,268.8 7,167.1 177.8

Total

76,186.7

711.9

31,983.7

40,727.6



Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

45,700.1

446.2

21,898.7

26,017.3

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

30,486.6

265.7

10,085.1

14,710.3

3. Total Economic Impact

76,186.7

711.9

31,983.7

40,727.6

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.667

1.596

1.461

1.565



Composition of Gross State Product



1. Wages (Net of Taxes)

29,418.1

2. Taxes, Total

5,994.8

a. Local Taxes

771.4

b. State Taxes

812.4

c. Federal Taxes

4,411.0

3. Profits, dividends, rent and other

5,314.7

4. Total Gross State Product (1+2+3)

40,727.6



Tax Accounts

Total

12,438.6

Local

1,501.5

State

1,596.5

Federal

9,340.6



Effects Per Million Dollars of Initial Expenditures



Employment (jobs)

13.5

Income

606,573.0

State Taxes

30,278.0

Local Taxes

28,476.0

Gross State Product

772,401.0

Initial Expenditure in Dollars

52,728,560.0

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the MARAD Port Economic Impact Kit for Georgia, 2010.

28

Table A-11
The Economic Impact of Port-Related Activity on Georgia in Fiscal Year 2009 (thousands of 2009 dollars)

Total Economic Impact

Model Output (000 of 2009$)

Model Employment
(jobs)

Model Income (000 of 2009$)

Model GDP (000 of 2009$)

Agriculture

2,650,449

17,290

465,211

Mining

685,582

2,989

252,591

Construction

193,599

2,054

91,519

Manufacturing

29,344,818

66,529

4,391,122

Trans, Info, Utilities

3,111,905

23,475

1,221,192

Retail & Wholesale Trade

9,139,441

57,299

3,488,865

Services

13,031,836

95,464

4,362,359

Government

332,518

2,108

135,094



Total

58,490,147

267,208

14,407,954





Distribution of Economic Impact



1. Direct Impact

34,461,103

110,312

7,043,330

2. Indirect & Induced Impacts

24,029,044

156,897

7,364,625

3. Total Economic Impact

58,490,147

267,208

14,407,955

4. Multipliers (e.g., 3/1)

1.697

2.422

2.046



784,175 398,054 104,868 8,034,651 2,083,480 5,977,741 7,681,744 143,002
25,207,715
12,185,366 13,022,349 25,207,715
2.069

Note: Employment includes full- and part-time jobs. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Source: Estimated by the Selig Center for Economic Growth, Terry College of Business, the University of Georgia (www.selig.uga.edu), using the 2008 IMPLAN State Package for Georgia, 2010.

29

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Websites: American Association of Port Authorities: www.aapa-ports.org Georgia Department of Economic Development: www.georgia.org Georgia Department of Labor: www.dol.state.ga.us Georgia Department of Revenue: www.dor.ga.gov Georgia Ports Authority: www.gaports.com Maritime Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation: www.marad.dot.gov Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc.: www.implan.com PIERS: www.piers.com U.S. Bureau of the Census: www.census.gov U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis: www.census.gov U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: www.bls.gov U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov U.S. Department of Commerce: www.commerce.gov U.S. Department of Labor: www.dol.gov
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