Socio-economic characteristics of the population to 1980

Outdoor Recreation Research Study t 2
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPUlATION TO 1980
Albert L. Danielsen Assistant Professor of Economics
Charles F. Floyd Assistant Professor of Bank and Finance
A Publication of
Institute of Community and Area Development Bureau of Business and Economic Research UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA June, 1967
Prepared for the: STATE PlANNING BURFAU* Outdoor Recreation Planning Unit D. John Beck, Chief *Formerly Planning Division, Department of Industry and Trade (Preparation of this document was financed, in part, by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, from the Land and Water Conservation Fund.)

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FOREWORD

The State of Georgia is surging ahead in many areas; education, agriculture, business, induttry, and resource development. In addition to these aspects of growth it is significant to note that the state government is now working on the development of a State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan.
The Institute of Community and Area Development is proud to have the privllege of working With the State Planning Bureau in conductlng preliminary studies for development of the state plan.
This study is one in the series of outdoor recreation studies being conducted by the University for the Bureau. The Institute is indebted to many indiViduals and organizations for their assistance and work involved in this project.
Particularly, appreciation is expressed to D. John Beck, Director of the Outdoor Recreation Planning Unit, State Planning Bureau and James C. McDonnell, Senior Planner, Outdoor Recreation Planning Unit, for their valuable assistance, guidance and direction in carrying out the study program.

J. W. Fanning Vice-President for Service University of Georgia

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PREFACE This study report is concerned primarily with the 8ooioEconomic Characteristics of the Georgia Population to the year 1980. The population projections and analysis include these characteristics: age, sex, income, occupation, education, race, dependency ratio-burden, and leisure time. The authors are indebted to the various state and federal agencies that made data available to use as a basis for this report.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

SECTION

I

Demographic Structure of the Georgia

Population

Outdoor Recreation Planning Region

Standard Metropolitan Areas (SMSA's)

Urban Rural Composition and Migration

Age Composition

Race and Sex

n

Employment Growth

Conclusions

The Industry-Mix Share Analysis Method

Regional Economics

Changing Occupational Structure

Increased Leisure Time

APPENDDC

Page iii v-viii :be
1 3 10 12 17 25 46 43
51
G3
119 121 125

tv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1&2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Page

Population for Georgia and Neigh-

boring States Compared to United

States: 1940-1960

2

Land Area and Population Densi-

ty of Georgia by Region, 1960-

1980

5

Total Population and Percentage

Increase' for Georgia by Region,

1940-1960

8

Total Population Projections and

Percentage Increase for Georgia

by Region, 1960-1980

11

Per cent of Georgia's Population

Residing in Urban Areas by Region,

1940-1980

15

Intra and Inter-State Migration

by Region for Georgia, 1955-

1960

18

Projections for the Georgia and

United States Population by Age,

1960-1980

18

Age Composition of the Georgia Population by Region, 1950-H~JO

20-22

Median Age of the Georgia Popu-

lation by Region, 1950-1980

24

Dependency Burden for the Georgia

Population by Region, 1950-1980

26

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LIST~OF TABLES

Table

Page

12

Percentage of Population Non-

White for Georgia and Neighbor-

ing States Compared to the United

States, 1940-1960

28

13

Percentage of Population Non-

White for Georgia by Region,

1940-1980

31

14

Sex Ratios for the Goergia Popu-

,

lation by Race and Region, 1950-

/

1980

34

15

Total Personal Income for Georgia

by Regions, 1960

37

16

Per Capita Personal Income for

Georgia by Regions, 1960.

37

17

Family Income for Georgia by

Broad Income Categories and

Region, 1'50-1980

40-41

18

Years of Schooling Completed by

Persons 25 and over; Georgia,

1960-1980

44-45

19

Rates of Employment Change (U. S.

.am Georgia

20

Components of Employment Change,

1950-60

53-56

21

Components of Employment Change,

1950-60

57-59

22

Total Employment Change, 1950-80 64

23
13A-l

Major Ocoupation Tables
Major Occupation Table vi

67-74 75-79

.. ."UST OF TAPL2S
- ~:

Table 23A-2
24 24A-l 24A-2 : 25
26 27
28A
288 28C 28D 28E 28F 28G 28A-l 288-1 28C-l 28F-1 28G-l

Major Occupation Table

80-84

Major OCcupation Table

85-92

Major Occupation Table

93-97

Major Occupation Table';

98-102

Major Occupation Table

103-110

Major Occupation Table

111-118

Major Occupational Group of Employed Persons

; ~ 120

Components of Employment Chanqe

Change

136-138

Components of Employment Change 139-141

Components of Employment Change 142-144

Components of Employment Change 145-147

Components of EmPloyment Chanqe 148-150

Components of Employment Chanqe 151-153

Components of Employment change 154-156

Components of Employment Change 157-159

Components of Employment Change 160-162

Components of Employment Change 163-165

Components of Employment Change 166-168

Components of Employment Change 169-171

vii

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O-F

TABLES
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Table

Page

28A-2 Components of Employment Change 172-174

28B-2 Components of Employment Change 175-177

28E-2 Components of Employment Change 178-180

28F-2 Components of Employment Change 181-183

28G-2 Components of Employment Change 184-186

29

Components of Employment Change 187-189

30

1970 Georgia Employment Projection 190

31

1980 Georgia Employment Projection 191

32A

Components of Employment Change 192-194

32B

Components of Employment Change 195-197

320 Components of Employment Change 198-200

32D Components of Employment Change 201-203

32EE Components of Employment Change 204-206

32F Components of Employment Change 207-209

32G Components of Employment "Change 210-211

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fi9we

1

Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas,

1960

4

2

Georgia Counties Experiencing Population

Growth or Decline, 1950-1960

13

Chart

1

Proportion of the Georgia Population,

Total Which is Non-White, 1940-1980 32

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SECTION I

DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE GEORGIA POPUlATION GEORGIA and The SOUTHFAST

Total fopulation and ,Growth. There are in the United States 198 million inhabitants. Projec-
tions by the Bureau of the Census indicate that there will be between 232 million and 245 million inhabitants in 1980. Virtually all states will share in this population growth, but they will share unequally. California, Florida, and Arizona are among the more rapidly growing states, whereas Iowa, Pennsylvania, and West V1rqinia are expected to grow slower, Georgia and South Carolina are expected to grow at about the salIle rate as the national average. 1
The Census projections indicate that Georgia will contain 5.1 to 5.5 million inhabitants by 1980. Thus Georgia's population will rep resent 2.2 percent of the United States total, approximately the same' proportion as currently prevails. Tables 1 and 2 show the population for the United States, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, and Alabama for the years 1940-1960 and 1965-1980. The projections used in this study were derived by projecting the 1950-1960 populations by component age categories.

1Bogue, Donald J., Population of the United States Free Press,'
Glencoe, 1959, p.p. 761.

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. Tabl~-l

Population for Georgia and Neighboring States Compared to United States:-1940-1960.

State Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Alabama Florida United States

Number of Inhabitants. (in thousands)

.lliQ.
3,124 3,572 1,900 2.916 2,833 1,897 132,105

-1950
3,445 4,062 2,117 3,292 3,062 2,771 151,326

1960 3,943 4,556 2,383 3,567 3,267 4,952 179,323

Percentage Increases

1940-50 10.3 13.7 11.4 12.9 8.1 46.1 14.5

1950-60 14.5 12.2 12.6 8.4 6.7 78.7 18.5

Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, gensus of POpyl'atl0Di 1960, Number of Inhabitants: United States,
Alabama Geomia, Florida, North Carolina South Carolina,
and Tennessee. Final reports PC (l)--IA, 2A, 11A, 12A, 35A, 42A, and 44A.

Table 2

Population Projections for Georgia and Neighboring States Compared to the United States Total, 1965-1985.

Number of Inhabitants (in thousands)

Per cent of U.S. Total

State Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Alabama Florida United States

1965 4,357 4,914 2,543 3,846 3,463 5,805 .193,818

!ill.
5,019 5,513 2,902 4,287 3,923 8,208 225,123

1m.
5,790 6,266 3,293 4,830 4,558 11,057 265,575

-1965
2.25 2.54 1.31 1.98 1.79 3.00 100.00

1975 2.23 2.45 1.29 1.90 1.74 3.65 100.00

1985 2.18 2.36 1.24 1.82 1.72 4.16 100.00

Source: CUlTent Populetion Reports Series P-25, No. 326 February 1, 1966, pp. 14-15.

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The projections in this study indicate that by 1970 Georgia's population will be 4. 7 million and that by 1980 there will be 6.0 million inhabitants. Georgia's population in 1965 was 4. 3 million. This is almost identical to the preliminary estimate by the Bureau of the Census for 1965 which is 4.357 million. The assumptions used for this study result in slightly higher population projections than indicated by the Bureau of the Census. The actual growth of Georgia during the period 1060-65 has been greater than is indicated by these projeotions and unless there is a sharp reversal of present trends the Bureau of the Census projections are likely to be low for the year 1980. Individuals using the Bureau of the Census or the figures in this study should keep in mind that the projections should be modified in light of future data on births, deaths, and net migration.
OUTDOOR RECRFATION PlANNING REGIONS
Land Area and Population Density. The state of Georgia has been divided into seven outdoor rec-
reatton planning regions. (See Figure 1) The Central is the largest in terms of land area followed by the Southern, the North Central planning regions. (Table 3) The remaining regions, the West Central, East Central, Coastal and Mountain, are about the same size, each between 4.1 and 5.2 thousands square miles. In relation to its land area Georgia
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.. OUTDOOR ::RECREATION PLANNING REGIONS

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STANDARD METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS. 19K

FI6URE .1

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Table 3

Land Area and Population Density of Georgia by Region, 1960-1980.

Region North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central Georgia

Land Area
.<sg. MUes>.
10,954 4,127 5,220 4,876 13,509
5,198 14,390
58,274

Number of Inhabitants

Per Square MUe

1960 1970 1980

150

196

275

71

82

99

53

58

65

63

79

101

39

43

49

52

57

63

44

47

53

68

81

103

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 Number of Inhabitants. Final Report PC (1) - lAs

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has relatively few people. The population density (the number of in-
.
habitants per square mile) in 1960 for the state of Georgia was 68. The region's population density ranges from 39 in the Southern to 150 in the North Central region. Since the population of all regions is expected to increase somewhat the population density will also increase. The projected increase indicates that the Central region will contain 215 inhabitants per square mile in 1980 whereas the Southern region will contain 49. Of course, the density in the North Central region is greatly influenced by Atlanta and in no region can it be said that there will be great pressure of man on land. Although there will be several large metropolitan and urban areas in Georgia, as there are at present, most of the land area will be sparcely populated and rural. The population will be concentrated in the urban areas as will be explained shortly. Population and Growth Rates
Like the individual states in the United States the planning regions have experienced different rates of population growth during the period 1940-1950 and 1950-1960. For the entire state the population increased from 3.1 million in 1940 to 3.4 million in 1950 and to 3.9 million in 1960. This represents a 10.3 per cent increase between 1940-50, and a 14.5 per cent increase for 1950-60. During the latter period only two regions exceeded the state average; the North Central grew by

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20.9 per cent and_the Coastal region by 20.3 per cent during that decade. The other regions experienced a population growth which ranged from 3.6 per cent in the Southern to 10.9 per cent for the West Central region. The Southern, Central,. and East Central regions are growing more slowly than the remainder of the state. (Table 4) Projecting the 195060 growth rate results in a total population for Georgia in the year 2,000 of 6,770,984.
Like the states and regions, the counties within each region experienced highly diverse rates -0: .population increase ~ decline. In .
\
general the counties within or near a standard metropolitan area gained population whereas rural counttestended to lose, and the rural counties most distant from a standard metropolitan area tended to lose a larger proportion of their population. These phenomena are not unique to Georqia. Most other states in the United States as a whole tend to follow this general pattern. Furthermore, counties and areas within the counties outside the central city of a standard metropolitan area tend to increase more rapidly than do those nearer the downfOwn area. For example, Clayton (102.7%) and Dekalb (88.3%) gained more rapidly than the other counties during 1950-60. Houston (86.8 %), Cobb (84.7%) and Dougherty (73.5%) were also rapid gainers. The five counties which declined most rapidly were Taliaferro, Glascock, Echols, Early, and Baker, all of which declined in absolute population between 24 and 25 per cent.
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Table 4
Total Population and Percentage Increase for Georgia by Region I, 1940-1960.

Reaion
North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern . Central Mountain
Georgia

Number of Inhabitants Percentage

-1940

- (in thousands)

Increase

1950 1960 1940-50 1950-60

1,122 1,308 1,634 16.6

24.9

226 262 291 15.9

11.1

250 261 278

4.4

6.5

200 242 305 21.0

26.0

492 505 524

2.6

3.8

613 617 640

0.7

3.1

222 249 211 12.2

8.8

3,124 3,445 3,943 10.3

14.5

Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population; 1960 .N'yinQ,er of Inhabitants, Georgia. Final Report PC (1)-12A.

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Although every Outdoor Recreation Planning Region gained pop-

ulation between 1940-1960, more counties in Georgia lost population

than gained. For example, of the 159 Georgia counties 98 lost pop-

ulation during the decade 1940-50 and 93 counties lost population during

1950-60. In general, for every eight Georgia counties five have lost pop-

ulation whereas three have gained. Since most counties are rural in

nature, this trend will probably continue, although not indefinitely.

RegiOnal Distribution

Since the North Central is by far the most rapidly growing

Planning Region, the portion of Georgia's total populatiOn residing in thE'"

North Central region has increased rather dramatically. In 1940 only

35.9 per cent of the population resided in the North Central region,

but the proportion increased to 37.9 per cent in 1950 and to 41.4 per

cent in 1960. It is expected that the" proportion residing in the North

Central region will rise to 50.2 per cent of the total population by 1980.

Fully one half the total population will reside in that region if past trends

continue.

Most of this growth will come from the regions surrounding the

North Central region, but particularly from the Central, East Central, and

Mountain regions. The West Central, Southern, and Coastal regions, as

well as other states wUl also contribute to the growth of the North Central

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region. HoweverI -the Coastal region is also expected to increase in relative terms from 7.1 per cent of Georgia's total population in 1960 to 8. 1 per cent in 1980. In relative terms the Southern region is declining more rapidly than any other. It should be emphasized of course that all these regions will gain in total population but with substantial differential rates of growth. (Table 5)

STANDARD METROPOLITAN AREAS (SMSAt s) A standard Metropolitan Area consists of a Central city of 50 I 000 inhabitants or more, the county's inhabitants in which the central city is locatedI and inhabitants of contiguous counties if they are essentially metropolitan in character and socially and economically integrated with the central city. Thus, in Georgia there are six Standard Metropolitan Areas. Each planning region except the Mountain Region has one metropolitan area and Catoosa County in the Mountain Region is included in the Chattanooga SMSA. Four of the metropolitan areas are wholly contained in Georgia. Augusta in the East Central region contains not only Richmond county in Georgia but also Aiken county in South Carolina, and Columbus includes Chattahoochee and Muscogee counties in Georgia but also Russell county in Alabama. Russell county represents only Z1 .3 per cent of Columbus standard metropolitan population and Aiken county in South carolina represents 37.4 per cent of the Augusta metropolitan pop-

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Table 5
Total Population Projections and Percentage Increase for Georgia by RegiOn,1960-1980

Begion
North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central
Georgia

Number of Inhahi.tants Percentage In

(in thousands)

Increase

l.Wl 1970 l1!t 1960-70 1970-80

1,634 291 278 305 524 271 640

2,142 338 302 385 578 297 678

3,010 410 338 492 664 330 759

31.1 16.2
8.6 26.2 10.3
9.6 5.9

40.5 21.3 11.9 27.8 14.9 11.1 11.9

3,943 4,718 6,002

19.7

27.2

Source: ProjectiOns by age group based on 1950-1960 percentage increases.

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ulatton. Catoosa county in the Mountain region with a population of

21,101 in 1960 represents 7.5 per cent of the Chattanooga metropolitan

population. Dade, Walker, and Whitfield counties in the Mountain

region are also influenced by the Chattanooga metropolitan area.

URBAN-RURAL COMPOSITION AND MIGRATION Sixty-six of Georgia's 159 counties gained population during the decade 1950-1960, but only 21 of them gained because of net inmigration. In the other counties, the birth-death differential was sufficiently high to off8~t out-migration so that the county experienced a net population gain. In the 93 counties which lost population during the 1950-60 decade out-migration was so large that even a high birthdeath differential could not sustain a population increase. In Figure 2, those counties which experienced a population increase are shown. The counties which experienced an increase due to net in-migration are also depicted. Most of the demographic changes in Georgia are remarkable. However, the change in the urban-rural composition of the population is one of the more temarkable and pervasive phenomena observed for Georgia. In 1940 only 34.8 per cent of Georgia' s population was considered urban. The proportion urban increased to 5S. 0 per cent in 1960 and if present trends continue fully, 64.1 per cent of the population in 1980 will be residing in urban areas. In 1960 there were 33 urban places in Georgia with 10,000 or
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" O~UTDOOR.REC~~~TION _P.LANNING REGIONS
GEORGIA COUNTIES EXPERIENCING POPULATION GROWTH OR DECLINE
1850-1960

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AUGUStA'

. Counti.r 1950-1960
Loat Population Gain.d 'Population Poaitiv. N.t ImllliorotiOll

FIGURE 2

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more inhabitants. Of these, sixteen had between 10-20,000, seven between

20-30,000, four between 30-40,000, three between 50-100,000, and

three had a total population in excess of one-hundred thousand. Without

exception, these urban places gained population during the period 1940-
1960.2

Again, there exist large differences in the proportion of the population

urban in the various planning regions. In the Coastal region, 10.1 per

cent of the population were urban in 1960 and for the North Central region

64.1 per cent were urbaa. In the Mourttain region only 24.0 per cent

were residing in urban areas. For the other regions the proportion- ranges

from forty and sixty per cent urban in 1960. By 1980 most of the regJons

are expected to have in excess of 63 per cent of their population in urban

areas with the sole exception being the Mountain area in which the pro-

jection show 33.5 per cent urban. (TaJ:>le 6)

Compartng F1gure 1 and Figure 2, one can see that those counties in

or near a standard metropolitan area tended to gain population and those

near a metropolitan area gained because of in-migration. For example,

the counties near Atlanta tended to gain because of in-migration. Catoosa

county under the influence of Chattanooga gained, and the counties near

2

. , GeOrgia Statistical Abstract 1965, (Athens:

Georgia: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, University of

Georgia, 1965), p. 14.

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Table 6

Per cent of Georgia's Population Residing in Urban Areas by Region, 1940-1980.

Region
North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central
Georgia

Per cent of Total Population Urban

ll.4.Q.

ll.Q.

-1960

-1970

44.76 39.75 34.67 57.05 24.20 13.43 21.62

54.35 51.85 41.52 64.11 34.53 19.19 36.75

63.16 58.78 50.54 70.12 47.15
23.95 46.47

64.99 65.71 59.57 75.56 57.66 28.71 56.18

34.76 45.27 54.95 61.11

1980
63.63 68.67 68.59 73.95 67.97 33.47 64.81
64.07

Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, gensus of Population: 1~60, 1940 .
pp. (12-13) - (12-14) - 1960
pp. 241-243-1940
Number 9f InhAbitants, Final Report PC (1) - lA.

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Augusta, Macon, Sa~annah, Albany, and Columbus all gained because of

in-migration. The other counties which gained because of in-migration

were Clarke county because of Athens, Lowndes county because of

Valdosta, and Glynn and Camden Counties because of Brunswick. Baldwin

county under the influence of Milledgeville also gained.

For the state as a whole, 8.5% of the population residing in

Georgia in 1960, were bom in another state or residing in a different

state in 1955. Nearly 19.0% of Georgia's population in 1960 were re-

siding in a different county in 1955. And 51.4% of the 1960 residents

had moved from one house to another during 1955-1960. Therefore,

48.6% of Georgia's population in 1960 lived in the same county and the

same house in 1960 as in 1955. An additional 32.5% had changed

houses but within the same county. Another 9.4% had lived in Georgia

in 1955 but had moved to another county within Georgia by 1960. Finally,

the remaining 8.5% of the population in Georgia in 1960 had moved to this

state from another state.

The regional movement cannot be shown ~el1 using place of

residence data in 1955. The main reason is that those counties and

regions near another state tend to register a high proportion of their

population who have migrated from a sister state. Those regions toward

the center of the state require on the average a much longer move and

as one might expect inter-state in-migration figures tend to be somewhat

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lower. (Table 7) For example, the West Central, East Central, and

Coastal regions display the highest in-migration rate whereas the Central,

North Central, and the Southern Regions tend to he lowest. The fact that

the Southern region experienced low in-migration indicated that relatively

few migrants come from Florida to the Southern region. Persons from

Alabama and South Carolina apparently cross state lines more than

Florida residents. South Georgia residents tend to migrate to Florida.

The fact that the Augusta and Columbus metropolitan areas extend across

state lines tends to increase inter-state migration. Persons, moving

from one state to another but within these metropolitan areas, are counted

as inter-state migrants.

AGE COMPOSITION

One of the major determinants of a region's social and economic

development as well as its potential. for further development is the

age composition of the population. A population with a rather large pr~

portion of its people in the middle age groups .-. a much greater pro-

ductive potential than one in which the population is very old or in

which the population is very young. At present I Georgia; sage compo-

sition is less favorable than in the nation as a WhOle. Fifty-five per

cent of the population in the United States in 1960 were 18-64 years

of age, whereas in Georgia 53. 7 per cent were in this productive age

group. (See Table 8)

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. Table 1

Intra and Inter-State Migration by Region for Georgia, 1955-1960.

Region
North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central Georgia

Per cent of 1960 Different House Thaniin 1955
52.19 54.03 50.75 52.62 52.42 48.25 48.70 51.44

Migration Population Different
County Than in
ill..
20.55 23.01 17.64 19.01 18.23 15.11 15.25 18.99

Residing in a Different State Than in
-1955
8.01 17.84 10.48 10.75 7.96 8.18 4.40 8.53

Source: U.S. Bureau of the CensUs, Census of Population: 1960 Number of Inhabitants, Georgia. Final R(}port PC (1)-lA to 57A.

Table 8

Projections for the Georgia and United States Population by Age, 1960-1980.

Age Groups and Year

United States

Per cent of

Number

Total

Georgia

Per cent of

Number

~l

1960

Under 18 64,202

18-44

52,504

45-64

36,057

65 & over 16,559

All ages 179,323

35.8 34.9 20.1 9.2 100.0

1,533 1,406
712 291 3,943

38.9 35.7 18.1
7.4 100.0

Source: Current Population Reports Series I-B, No. 326, February 7, 1966, Pp. 54, 59.
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However, the ag~ composition is expected to undergo a slight alteration

during the period 1960-1980. For the United States as a whole, those in

the middle or working age group 18-64 are expected to decline; whereas,

for Georgia the proportion in this group is expected to remain constant.

For Georgia, 28.2 per cent of the population were 11 years old or under

in 1960 and one-third were 14 years old or less. There was some

regional variation in the age composition within Georgia. (Table 9)

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Table 9
Age Composition of the Georgia Population by Region, 1950-1980.
Nwnber and Per cent of Population Aged (in thousands)

Regions
North Central
1950 1960 1970 1980

to
~ ~

1::
CD
0...


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340 26.0 444 27.2 585 27.3 866 28.8

~
~ ~

1:
CD
.0..
CD A4

12-44.

658 50.3 770 47.1 996 46.5 1,414. 47.0

YlW
gentral
1950 '73 27.8 138 1960 84 28.8 142 1970 96 28.3 161 1980 120 29.3 196

52.5 48.6 47.7 47.9

East
Central 1950 76 29.0 126 48.4 1960 80 28.8 129 46.4 1970 86 28.5 139 46.0 1980 100 29.6 159 46.9

~
~ ~

1:
CD
0...
CD A4

45-64

~
~
::J
Z

d
CD
0...
CD A4

65 and over

226 17.2 85 6.5
302 18.5 118 7.2
392 18.3 168 7.9 480 15.9 251 8.3

37 14.1 15 5.6 47 16.2 19 6.4 56 16.6 25 7.4 59 14.4 34 8.4

42 16.1 17 6.5
48 17.2 21 7.6 51 17.1 25 8.4 49 14.5 30 9.0

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Table 9 (continued)

Age Composition of the Georgia Population by Region,1950-1980.

Number and Per cent of Population Aged (in thousands)

Regions
Coastal 1950 1960 1970 1980

~
~z

t:
G)
u...
Q)
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-0-11

67 27.7 90 29.6 115 29.9 152 30.9

Southern 1950 157 31.1 1960 158 30.2 1970 167 . 29.0
1980 202 30.4

Mountain

1950

75

1960

74

1970

77

1980

86

30.0 27.2 26.0 26.0

Qentra1
1950 180 29.2 1960 183 28.5 1970 187 27.7 1980 216 28.5

~
1

t:
uG...)
G)
Q..

12-44

120 49.6 142 46.6 181 47.0 240 48.8

239 47.2 233 44.4 257 44.5 283 42.7

121 48.4 127 46.8 133 44.8 144 43.8

293 47.5 285 44.5 291 43.0 324 42.8

;

1:
G)

,Q
~

u
;
Q..

45-64

.!
~

1:
G)
:u....

65 and over

41 16.9 14 5.8 53 17.4 19 6.4 63 16.3 26 6.8 66 13.4 34 6.9

78 15.4 32 6.3 93 17.7 40 7.7 102 17.7 51 8.8 110 16.5 69 10.4

38 15.2 16 6.4 50 18.3 21 7.7 59 20.0 27 9.2 62 18.9 37 11.3

102 16.5 42 6.8 120 18.8 52 8.2 134 19.7 65 9.6 133 17.5 85 11.2

21

Table 9 (continued)
Age Composition of the Georgia Population by Region,1950-1980.
Number and Per Cent of Population Aged (in thousands)

...
.!
~

1::
CD
U...
tf

Regions ..Q.:ll

Georgia 1950 969 1960 1,112 1910 1,314 1980 1,142

28.1 28.2 21.9 29.0

...
.!
~

1:
CD
.U..
l.

12-44.-

1,694 1,821 2,158 2,161

49.2 46.3 45.1 46.0

1::

J

CD
U...
CD

Q..

45-64

1::

t)
.0

CD
0...

~

CD Clf-

.65 and oyer

562 16.3 220 6.4 113 18.1 281 1.4 858 18.2 388 8.2 958 16.0 540 9.0

Source:

U. S. Bureau of Census, Census of Population: 1960 1940. PP. 12-91- 1960, 12-131 PP. 226-251-1940 PP. 11-91-11-115- 1950 Number of Inhabitants, Final Report PC (1) - lA

Note: All percentages add across to 100. oc.~.

22

".',

~.

.

.~-- ,~:

One of the ~asier ways to examine differences in the age structure

of the population is to compare the median age for each region. Half of

the population is under the median age and half are older than the indicated

median. For the United States the median age of the population in 1960

was 29.5 years, for Georgia in 1960 the median age was 24.9 years,

slightly younger than the 25.2 median recorded in 1950. The North Central

region is the only region in 1960 which recorded a median age higher than

26 years (26.2). The Southern and East Central regions were the youngest

in 1960 with a median age of 23.1 years (Table 10).

Another useful concept for comparing regions is the dependency

burden. A dependency burden ratio is an expression of the number of

people dependent upon those in the productive age groups. For example,
,I
persons aged 15 or 64 are considered in the productive age group whereas

those less than 15 or over 64 years old are considered dependent. The

dependency burden is 8 mtto'oonsisting of the number of dependents

in the numerator and the number upon whom they are dependent in the

denominator. For Georgia in 1960 the dependency ratio was 69.3 which

indicates that for every one hundred persons aged 15 to 64 there were

69.3 persons either less than 15 or greater than 64 years of age.

There is considerable regional variation in the dependency ratio

with the lowest figure in 1960 recorded by the North Central region at

65.4 and the highest by the Southern region at 77. 6. The dependency ratio

23

-- .~:

Table 10

Median Age of the Georgia Population by Region,1950-1980.

Region
North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central
Georgia

lla
26.8 23.9 24.3 26.4 23.7 23.9 24.6
25.2

lliQ. 1970

26.2 23.2 23.1 24.0 23.1 25.0 24.9

24.2 22.2 22.4 22.2 23.0 26.2 24.5

24.9 23.7

1980
23.9 22.1 22.0 21.7 22.9 27.2 24.4
23.3

Source: U. S. Bureau of Census, Census of Population: 1960, Number of Inhabitant" Final Report PC (1) -lA.

24

- - ,.-
.--_.~:
gives a good indication of inter-regional migration trends. In general,
-
those areas or regions with a low dependency ratio are regions with substantial in-migration. Those with higher ratios have net-out-migration. Migrants tend to be in the productive age groups, especially between the ages of 18 and 30. Thus, the Southern region has tended to lose a relatively large number of persons aged 18 to 30 whereas the North Central region gained proportionately.
The future trend in the dependency ratio is toward a higher figure. There will be relatively more people under 15 and over 64 in the future than in the past. For example, the dependency ratio for the North Central region is projected to increase from 55.2 in 1950 to 12.2 in 1980. Similarly, the Southern region with the highest dependency burden is projected to increase from 10.5 in 1950 to 86.0 in 1980. The actual figures for 1960 were 65.4 for the North Central region and 11.6 per cent for the Southern region. Por Georg1a as a whole the dependency ratio is projected to increase from 61.3 in 1950 to 15.5 in 1980. (Table 11).3
RACE AND SEX
White and Non-White Population. One of the more noteworthy demographio changes which has taken
3These age composition figures result in a higher dependency burden than would be indicated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census Current Population Report Series P-25, No. 326, February 1, 1966, pp. 14-15. The Census Bureau assumed a lower fertility rate than used in this study.
25

Table 11 Dependency Burden for the Georgia Population by Region, 1950-1980.

Region

Dependency Ratiol
1950 1960 .!ill.

ll..Q.

North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central

55.2 58.3 64.0 58.5 70.5 67.8 66.3

65.4 67.5 71.5 70.1 77.6 68.1 73.3

67.0 79.0 72.7 72.8 78.8 67.2 74.4

72.2 73.8 76.5 75.8 05.9 72.9 01.6

Georgia

61.3 69.3

70.4 75.5

1Number of persons less than 15 and over 64 years old per 100 PerSons aged 15-64.

SotD'Ce: U.S. Bureau of Census, Census of Population: 1960, Final Report PC (1)-IA.

26

-.'. ~. '--"~:
place in Georgia and the Southeast in general is the racial composition of the population. The total Negro population in Georgia increased by only 51,000 between 1930 and 1960. There were 1,122,000 Negroes . residing in Georgia on the latter date. The white population on the other hand increased by 980,000. The white population increased by 56.2 per cent whereas the non~white increased by only 4.8 per cent over the period 1930-1t60 in Georgia. The other Southeastern states show a similar trend to that experienced by Georgia (Table 12) For the United States 8S a whole the non-white population increased from 11.9 million in 1930 to 18.9 million in 1960 for an increase of 7 million Negroes and a percentage increase of 58.6 per cent during the thirty year perJod. There has therefore been substantial out-migration of Negroes from the South to other regions.
The differential ratell of white and non-white population growth have resulted in a signific~nt decrease in the proportion of non-white in the various Southern states. For example, in 1940, 34. 7 per cent of the Georgia population was noQ-white, but this proportion had declined to 28.5 per cent by 1960. Even more dramatic declines have occurred in Florida where the proportion non-white declined from 27. 1 per cent to 11.8 per cent during the period 1940-1960 and in South Carolina where it declined from 42. ~ per cent to 34.8 per cent during that twenty year period. At the same time the proportion of non-whites in the United States
27

-. ~:

Table 12

Percentage of Population Non-White for Georgia and Neighboring States Compared to the United States,1940-1960 .

State
Georgia
North carolina
South Carolina Tennessee Alabama Florida

Percentage of Population Non-White,

.w.o.

~

llj),.

Per cent numerical change
1940-50 1950-60

34.73 30.85 28.47 ~ -2.04

5.63

27.48 42.86 17.45 34.71 27.10

25.79 38.83 16.12 32.00 21.76

24.50 34.81 16.45 30.01 17.78

6.73 .97
4.30
- .37 17.29

6.55 .88
10.61 .07
45.94

United States

9.74

9.94 10.52

16.92 25.38

Sow-oe: Bureau of Business Research, 8ttistical Abstract, (Athens: University of Georgia Bureau of Business Research, 1963), pp. 2, 15 ..

28

.--. . -.', ~.

-

~:

increased from 9.7 per cent to 10.5 per cent during 1940-1960.

Focusinq on Georgia, far more Negroes were residing in the

North Central region in 1960 than any other. There were 363,000

Negroes in that region in 1960. The Mountain region is inhabited by

only 12,000 Negroes. The other regions have between 100,000 and

200,000 except for the Central region where there are 248,000 Negro

residents. Although the North Central region has more Negroes than any

other there are fewer Negroes in relation to the total population than in

the other regions except that the Mountain region has proportionately less

than even the North Central. In fact, only the Mountain and North

Central regions contained proportionately fewer Negroes than the state

average. For example, 28.5 per cent of the Georgia population in 1960

were Negro but in the North Central region only 22.2 per cent, and for

the Mountain only 4.6 per cent of the population were Negro. All the

other regions exceeded the state average and in the East Central Region

41.0 per cent of its residents were non-white.

Oddly enough, all the regions except the Mountain show a decline

in the proportion of the population which is non-white. For some this

relative decline is quite remarkable. Whereas the proportion non-white

in Georgia declined from 34.7 per cent in 1940 to 28.5 per cent in 1960,

in the East Central region the decline was from 51.4 to 41.0 per cent and in the West Central region the decline was from 45.6 to 34.2 per cent

29

during the period-1940-60. The other regions showed similar although elightly les!3 pronounced changes. Projecting these trends we find that Georgia's total population will be only 24. 1 per cent non-white by 1980 and that even in the East Central, Central, and Southern regions the proportion of the population non-white will only be about one third of the total population in each region. (Table 1311 Chart 1) White and Non-White Sex Ratios.
The sex ratio is one of the more meaningful tenns to express the differences in the sex composition of the population. The sex ratio is the number of males for each one hundred females. For example, a population with 900,000 males and one million females would have a sex ratio of ninety. There are ninety males for every one hundred females. Similarly, if there were 1, 100, 000 males and only one million females the sex ratio would be 110. In general, the number of females tends to be greater than the number of males in the United States. In 1960, the sex ratio for the United States was 97.1. For Georgia in 1960 the sex ratio was 95.5. The sex ratio for the United States has declined from 100.8 in 1940 and Georgia's sex ratio has also declined from 96.6 in 1940. There is not a state south of the Mason-Dixon line, the Northeast, or the North Central part of the United States with a sex ratio which exceeds 100. In some of the Mountain states the sex ratio is greater than 100 and in Alaska it is 132.3.
30

.--- .. .~.

-.,. - .

.~:

Table 13

Percentage of Population Non-White for Georgia by Region, 1940-1980.

Region
North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central
Georgia

llJ.Q.
25.54 45.59 51.37 42.84 40.09
5.26 44.55
34.75

-1950
23.02 37.90 45.42 37.68 37.62 4.55 40.90
30.89

lliQ.
22.22 34.16 41.01 33.21 35.76 4.56 38.79
28.55

1970
21.50 30.46 37.44 29.46 32.94 4.69 36.66
26.34

llll
19.27 26.94 33.92 25.86 30.10
4.88 33.33
23.35

Source:

U.S. Bureau of Census, Census of Population: 1940, 1950, 1960. pp. 216-225---1940 PP. 12-138---12-150, 1960 pp. 11-91--11-115, 1950
Number of Inhabitants.

31

Chart I

, .

- '. Ph,p6rti6n:~f the GEJorg1a Population which

is Non-White 1940-1980

Outdoor Recreation Planning Region

45 40 35 30 25

20 15 10

5

-----

Coaatal But Central Southern
Mountain

1940

1950

. 1960

i970

~980

In Georgia only two of the seven planning regions have sex ratios in excess of 100. In the West Central and East Central regions the white sex ratios are 105.1 and 107.1 respectively, and the nonwhite sex ratios are 92 .5 and 91.0. The overall sex ratios are 102. 7 for the West Central and 100.1 for the East Central region. There is a considerable differential between the white and non-white sex ratios. In 1960 the white sex ratio was 97.6 whereas the non-white was 90.3. For every region within Georgia the white sex ratio exceeds the non-white. (Table 14)
The trend for 1950 to 1960 shows that both the white (98.7 to 97.6) and non-white sex ratios (90.7 to 90.3) are declining. For most of the planning regions the sex ratios declined. There are basically two reasons for the declining sex ratios. First, greater longevity or life expectancy for females in both races, and second, there were in 1960 relatively fewer children in the 0 to 9 age group where males outnumber females.
Both the white and non-white sex ratios are expected to continue to decline to 1980 when the white sex ratio will be 95.5 and the non-white 89.5. This is due to the substantially longer life expectancy of females and it is true for both whites and non-whites.
33

Table 14 Sex Ratios for the Georgia Population by Race and Region, 1950-1980

Region
North
Central West
Central East
Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central
Georgia

(J)

~

Q)
~
~

~
sI:::
~

1950

Sex Ratios1

Q)

~

-.(.J,)
~

~
sI:::
~

.lli.Q.

96.1 88.6
108.8 91.2
105.1 91.1 97.0 90.2 101.2 91.8 98.9 96.5 97.8 91.8
98.7 90.7

95.1 88.4
105.1 92.&
107.1 91.0 98.9 90.2 99.3 90.7 97.8 97.7 96.6 91.2
97.6 90.3

.+.Q..").

Q)
~
~

~
I
s:::
~

1970

94.1 88.1
101.5 93.8
109.0 90.8 100.8 90.3 97.4 39.5 96.0 98.9 95.3 90.6
96.6 39.9

Q)

~

(J)
~
~

~
sI:::
~

1980

93.1 80.1

98.0 95.1

111.1 102.7
95.5 95.7 94.1

90.7 90.3 88.4 100.2 89.9

95.5 89.5

1Number of males per 100 females.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, Census of Population: 1950, 1960. Number of Inhabitants. Final Report. PC(l)-lA

34

.. . ~~. ~:
Personal Income Personal income is the current income received by individuals,
unincorporated businesses, and non-profit organizations. It includes transfer payments from government such as social security benefits, military pensions, and direct aid to various individuals. It also includes transfers from businesses to individuals such as retirement benefits paid by a private company, scholarships to students, etc. Most personal income is in monetary form, but it also includes the estimated rental value of owner-occupied houses and the value of food produced and consumed on farms.
Total personal income for the United States increased from $85.7 billion in 1929 to $400 billion in 1960. Per capita income in the United States increased from $703 in 1929 to $2,223 in 1960. Georgi~'s per capita income in 1960 was 72 per cent of the national average whereas In 1929 it was only 50 per cent. The two major factors explaining the relative increase in Georgia's income are more rapid rate of growth in wage and sillary dispersements in Georgia than t:1e nation, and secondly, the large and persistent out-migration of people :~rom Georgia.
The trend toward a higher relative per capita income in Georgia is continuing. In 1962 per capita personal income was 75 per cent of the national average, and in 1965 it was 79 per cent of the national average. 4
4Norris , Clio C., II Personal Income and Population in Georgia Counties 1962, 1964", Georgia Business, Volume 25, No. 12, p. 1.
35

".',

~.

-

.~~. ~:

.

Thus the rate of increase has accelerated within the last five years. It

-
would be a mistake to project this increase since it may very well be a

short-run fluctuation. On the other hand, one cannot rule out the

po~sib!lity that there have been fundamental demographic and economic

changes in the state, and that this tlend may continue into the future.

There are substantial differences in the total and per capita income

among the planning regions. (Tables 15 and 16) By far the largest total

and per capita income was earned by reSidents of the North central

reg.IOl). The North Central region with total income of Z. 97 billion

dollars in 1960 represents nearly half of all personal income for Georgia

during that year. 5 Personal incomes in the other regions range between

338 million dollar8 in the Mountain to 785 million dollars in the Central

region. The projections indicate that by 1980 the North Central will

represent more than half of the total personal income earned in Georgia,

and in every region except the Mountain per80na1 income will total more

than one billion dollars. Again, these figures are in constant 1957-59

dollars, and the actual figUles because of inflatipnary trends will probably

be considerably higher. The reasons for these increases are a sub-

stantially higher productiVity of the labor force in the future than at

5The income data presented in this section was derived by using Drewryl s regression equations by county and they are expressed in constant 1957-1959 dollars. Using constant 1957-1959 dollars facilitates converting the personal income figures given in Tables 18 and 19 to the current year. This can be done by multiplying the figures by the current consumer price index. It will give a crude measure of personal income expressed in current dollars and will be satisfactory for most purposes.
36

. . .. -. .

.~~

~:

Table 15

Total Personal Income for Georgia by Regions, 1960.

PROJECTIONS 1965-1980

Region
North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central Georgia

Total Personal Income (Millions of 1957-59 dollars)

2,972 443 365 469 625 338 785
5,997

-1965
3,906 591 488 590 805 428 999
7,815

4,911 740 610 768
1,027 549
1,243 9,851

6,514 861 830 976
1,307 715
1,586 12,894

1980
9,109 1,210 1,008 1,314 1,527
963 2,084 17,215

Source: L.A. Drewry, "Personal Income in Georgia Counties in 1970", Georgia Business, Vol. 23, No.7, (January, 1964).

Table 16

Per Capita Personal Income for Georgia by Regions, 1960.

PROJECTIONS 1965-1980

Per Capita Personal Income (Constant 1957-59 dollars)

Region
North Central West Central East Central Coastal Southern Mountain Central Georgia

lli.Q.
1,819 1,521 1,313 1,538 1,193 1,248 1,226 1,521

1965
2,150 1,902 1,692 1,781 1,501 1,518 1,519 1,851

1970
2,293 2,188 2,022 1,997 1,777 1,851 1,834 2,088

.!ill
2,617 2,348 2,575 2,284 2,144 2,308 2,234 2,463

1980
3,026 2,952 2,980 2,673 2,301 2,921
.~2,747
. 2,868

Source: L.A. Drewry, "Personal Income in Georgia Counties in 1970" , Georgia Business, Vol. 23, No.7, (January, 1964).

37

present and the fact that there will be relatively more inhabitants in each region.
It has often been stated that the best single indicator of a region's economic development is per capita personal income. This is true because one takes into account both total earnings of the population and the total population itself. Using Drewry's regression equations per capita income in Georgia will increase from $1,521 in 1960 to $2,088 in 1970 and to $2,868 in 1980. All of the planning regions will share this growth and if past trends are any indication of the future it would seem that the gap between the North Central and the other regions will narrow .C'Qnsiderably Family Income
In 1960 there were 44.6 million families in the United States and the average size of a family wa$ 3.65 persons. In Georgia there were 949 thousand families and the average size was 3.87 persons. A family refers to two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption ani residing together. A brother-sister living together, mother-daughter, father-som, etc., constitute a family. Median family income in Georgia was $4,208 in 1960 compared with the national average of $5,660. However, Georgia's family income increased by 121.2 per cent during the period 1949-59 whereas for the United States as a whole the increase was
38

-----.-.~ -

-
:

only 83.5 per cent. Similarly 35.6 per cent of all families in Georgia

earned less than $3,000 in 1960 compared with the national average of

21.4 per cent. Only 9.2 per cent in Georgia but 15 per cent of all

families in the United States earned more than $10,000 in 1960.

Table 17 shows that the number of families in Georgia will increase from 949 thousand on 1960 to 1,453 thousand in 1980. 6 The number of

families earning less than $3,000 will decline from more than 338

thousand, or over 30 per cent of all families in 1960, to the relatively

small figure of 30,000 by 1980. Furthermore, whereas there were only

27,000 families earning $15,000 or more in 1960, by 1980 there Will be

707 thousand families earning more than $15,000., Nearly one of every

four families will be in this income category. The number of families

earning more than $25, 000 will be 384 thousand or 26 per cent of all

families in Georgia. (Note that these -figures are not expressed in con-

stant dollars. The inflationary trend which prevailed during the period

1950-1960 is projected to 1980). Nevertheless, the figures are impres-

.sive. Including the price level increase the median family income in

6The figures in Table 20 could not be expressed in constant dollars since it would change the income categories through time. For example, the $15,000 and over category expressed in constant dollars would be $10,200 and over in 1980. If one wishes to speak in constant 1960 dollar terms the 1950 income category figures should be diVided by 83.0 per cent t the 1970 figures by 124.6 per cent and the 1980 figures by 155.3 per cent.
39

.. - .~:
Table 17
Family Income for Geozvia by Broad Income Categories and Region, 1950-1980

Region and Number of Families in Income Categories

Income CategorY
North Central Less than $3,000 $3,000-$4,499 $4,500-$5,999 $6,000-$7,999 $8,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 & over
Total
West Central Less than $3,000 $3,000-$4,499 $4,500-$5,999 $6,000-$7,9991 $8,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 & over
Total
East C~mtral Less than $3,000 $3,000-$4,499 $4,500-$5,999 $6,000-$7,999 $8 .. 000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 & over
Total

1960
111,704 70,300 67,819 67,428 39,463 35,463 16,700
408,877
24,974 13,400 11,215 9,152 4,340 3,167 1,563 67;811
28,255 10,905 8,738
7,123 3,527 2,772 1,088 62,408

1970
21,434 21,433 32,158 53,584 128,602 139,318
139.319
535,848
3,940 3,545 5,121 11,032 35,462 10,245 9,456 78,801
4,737 4.. 397 5,074 10,825 25,031 7,442 10,148 67,654

.lliQ.
7,532 15,063 22,597 37,659 82,850 90,381 497,098 753,180
2,865 2,865 4,775 13,372 23,878 22,923 24,833 95,511
Z,274 '2,655 5,687 12,133 18,957 15,166 18,957 75,829

40

Region and Number of Families In Income Categories

-, COastal- -

. - ~..

. ...,'.

.~-. ~:

1960

Less than $3,000

23,240

$3,000-$4,499 -

13,440

$4,500-$5,999

12,602

$6,000-$7,999

11,229

$8,000-$9,999

5,993

$10,000-$14,999

4,841

$15,000 & over

1,697

Total

73,042

""1-970 3,682 5,062 7,823 12,887 20,251 22,092 20,252 92,049

1980 2,322 2,322 4,644 8,127
13,932 12,771 71 ,981 116,099

Southern Less than $3,000 $3,000-$4,499 $4,500-$5,999 $6,000-$7,999 $8,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 & over
Total

59,399 20,881 16,406 12,460
6,029 4,731 2,077 121,983

10,541 9,883 11,200 21,084 44,803 22,401 11,859 131,771

6,184 6,956 10,048 20,096 41,737 38,645
30,916 154,582

Mountain Less than $3,000 $3,000-$4,499 $4,500-$5,999 $6,000-$7,999 $8,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 & over
Total

25,955 14,550 12,265 8,799 3,439 2,265
964 68,237

3,733 4,853 7,093 11,948 29,123 11,948 5,974 74,672

3,320 2,905 4,566 10,792 22,414 19,093 19,924 83,014

Central Less than $3,000 $3,000-$4,499 $4,500-$5,999 $6,000-$7,999
$9,000-$9,999
$10,000-$14,999 $15,000 & over
Total

64,593 23,982
21,~66
18,141 8,906 7,481 2,563 147,052

10,901 10,127 11,685 24,917 57,620 17,130 23,360 155,740

5,229
6,103 13,085 27,898 43,591 34,873 43,591 174,370

Georgia Less than $3,000 $3,000-$4,499 $4,500-$5,999 $6,000-$7,999 $8,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 & over
Total

338,120 58,968 167,458 59,300 150,431 80,154 134,332 146,277
71,697 340,892
60,720 230,576 26,652 220,368
949,410 1,136,535
41

29,726 38,869 65,402 130,077 247,359
233,852 707,300 1,452,585

.
. ---~:
Georgia is projec:ted to be nearly $15,000. Half of all families will earn more than this amount and half will earn less. Even in constant 1957-59 dollars median family income will be over $10,000 a very remarkable increase over the $4,208 median for 1960 and the $2,287 median in 1950, all these latter figures being expressed in constant 1957-59 dollars. Value of Education
The economic growth of a region or state cannot be adequately described without taking account of the educational composition of the population. When examining expected future income, output, demand for recreatiOnal facilities, etc., one should carefully examine educational trends. Theodore Schultz in his 1960 presidential address to the American Economic Association suggested that differential educational attainment may largely explain why rural-urban migrants usually earn relatively less -than peraons born in urban areas, why non-whites generally earn less than whites, and why older workers tend to experience a larger rate of unemployment than younger ones.
There are several ways that could be used to describe the increase in education in the Georgia population during the past twenty-five years. For example, one could examine the number of students enrolled in school, the number of school years completed by persons twenty-five years old and over, or the average amount of elementary, secondary and college
42

."

.

~~_.~:

education received by each inhabitant in Georgia.

One of the most useful statistics is the number of school years

completed by persons 25 years old and over. This set of data is

collected in the Census of Population and is classified by grade level.

The grade levels selected for this study are shown in Table 18 with the

number of persons completing the indicated levels in 1960. It also

includes estimates of years of schooling completed by the population

for 1970 and 1980.

The largest growth in percentage terms will be experienced in the

upper'gl"Cde levels, especially at the college level. However, persons

aged 45-65 in 1960 will be 65-85 in 1980 and their average low level

of education will continue to exert a downward influence on the number

of school years completed. The large but declining Negro population

will also continue to be eVident. This is espeCially true in view of the

large out-migration of younger (and relatively more highly educated)

Negroes from Georgia. The less well educated older Negroes have a I-

lower migreation rate.

The North Central Region is expected to gain well educated persons

more rapidly than all the other regions. The West Central and Coastal

regions should gain at about the state average. The East Central, Central,

Southern, and Mountain regions wUlincrease less rapidly than the overall

average.
43

. . .. -. .

.~~

~:

Table 18

Years of Schooling Completed by Persons 25 and over; Georgia 1960-1980

Region and Number of Persons Completing Grade Level, 1960-1980

School Year Completed

North Central

Elementary 1-4

5-7

8

High School 1-3

4

College

1-3

4

Total

-1960
114,104 185,039 82,216 165,558 173,374 76,tU9 68,564 864,874

130,289 218,154 99,984 207,874 228,016 99,728 90,429 1,074,474

1980
162,272 282,075 134,353 289,210 332,426 148,082 132,002 1,480,420

West Central

Elementary 1-4

5-7

8

High School 1-3

4

College

1-3

4

Total

East Central

Elementary 1-4

5~7

8

High School 1-3

4

College

1-3

4

Total

26,596 30,375 13,382 24,649 27,985 9,935 8,333 _141,255
30,531 29,305 12,304 23,338 23,053 8,936
7,566
t3~,",

27,014 32,158 15,174 27,725 33,270 11,734 9,910 156,985
30,557 30,439 13,058 24,797 25,292 9,680' 8,203 142,026

30,007 37,224 18,407 33,523 41,901 14,658 12,453 188,173
32,237 33,354 14,573 27,705 29,074 10,098 9,331 157,272

Coastal

Elementary 1-4

5-7

8

High School 1-3

4

College

1-3

4

Total

23,733 29,664 14,968 30,288 33,594 11,235
8,849 152,331
44

28,204 34,877 17,546 35,855 39,671 13,135 10,373 179,661

35,362 43,403 21,824 45,101 49,925 16,393 12,984 224,992

.. '. :!able 18 (continued)
.--. .~:
Region and Number of Persons Completing Grade Level, 1960-1980

SChool Year Completed

Southern

Elementary 1-4

5-7

High School 8

High School 1-3

4

College

1-3

4

Total

59,683 59,290 23,669 43,946 41,758 15,748 12,173 256,267

64,580 63,730 26,079 50,110 49,782 18,670 14,495 287,446

-1980
67,226 67,438 28,671 57,457 60,768 22,821 17,875 322,256

Mountain

Elementary 1-4

5-7

8

High SChool 1-3

4

College

1"""3

4

Total

24,413 43,564 15,762 22,297 22,078
5,852 4,760 138,726

27,133 48,497 17,928 25,297 25,146
6,653 5,408 156,062

30,384 54,410 20,556 28,965 28,893
7,592 6,156 176,956

Central

Elementary 1-4

5-7

8

High School 1-3

4

College

1-3

4
Total

76,093 78,861 28,342 58,719 49,537 19,094 15,569 326,215

76,084 80,332 29,220 63,222 55,323 21,128 16,969 342,278

80,153 86,186 31,940 72,943 66,452 25,185 19,780 382,639

GeOrgia

Elementary 1-4

5-7

8

High School 1-3

4

College

1-3

4

Total

355,153 456,098 190,643 368,795 371,379 146,819 125,814 2,014,701

383,861 508,187
218,989 434,880 456,500 180,728 155,787 2,338,932

437,641 604,090
270,324 554,904 609,439 245,729 210,581 2,932,708

45

-.', ~.

-

.--.~:

SECTIO'N iI .

Civilian Employment in Georgia: 1950-1980

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the recent performance of the Georgia economy concerning job creation and to project these trends into the future in order to proVide information that can be utilized to allocate more efficiently expenditures for outdoor recreational activities. However, these estJrnates and projections are also valuable for other types of public polley decisions and it Is hoped that they can be utUized for these purposes. For example, the data Indicate that during the 1960-1965 period employment in the State grew at a more rapid rate than did employment throughout the nation. This positive relative change of 67~300 stood in contrast to the 1950-1960 period when almost 52,000 additional Jobs would have been needed to bring Georgia up to the national average rate of employment growth. Althouqh the number of industrial jobs has increased greatly, this favorable shift was primarUy due to ijle diminished relative importance of agricultural employment to the State's economy. What Is the implication for public poliCy? UnW recently . . .st any new industrial plant coming into Georgia would raise the per capita income of the affected area because of the great surplus of workers in lOW-income agriculture. The State has now reached the point where this Is no longer the case, except in a few areas. Industrial development efforts should, therefore, be directed toward securing the higher wage
46

tndustne~- tJi~tt:Vili:,.~ a signifIcant effect on raising per capita incomes within the State.
Employment and Job opportunity are related to leisure time. An analysis of leisure time and opportunity to participate in recreation activities is considered as an integral part of this report.
This report wW consist of three parts. The first wID be a brief
v
summary of the study's conclusions. The second will be an explanation of the Industrial Mix-RegionaI Share Method of employment analysis. The third will give a more detailed explanation of how the estimates were derived.
Many people have assisted in the preparation of this study. Particular credit should go to Dr. Lowell Ashby of the U. S. Department of . Commerce who both offered valuable assistance in the early stages of the research and read a Iftl,iminary draft. Mr. Joe Russell of the U.S. Department of Labor furnished unpublished data that was essential in the preparation of the occupational estimates and proJections. Research assistants Mrs. Ann Elmore and Mrs. Mary Wa~n Clanton were responsible for the calculations. research work, and many other aspects of this study. Their work was invaluable.
47

., .

- ~:

CONCLUSIONS

An analysis of the data contained in this study leads to the following conclusions:
1. During both the decade of the 1940 s and the decade of the 1950' s the rate of employment growth in Georgia was lower than that for the nation as a whole. This was caused partially by the State's commitment to certain slow-growth industries and to the tremendous exodus of workers away from agriculture.
2. Thesummary data of Table 19 show that in contrast to the previous two decades, during the 1960-1965 period employment in Georgia grew at a rate that was more rapid than that for the nation as a whole--12.4 per cent for Georgia compared to 7.5 per cent for the entire United States. This favorable shift can be attributed to the more rapid industrialization of the State that OCCUlTed during this time and to the diminished relative importance of agricultural employment to the StateI s economy.
3. Even though employment in Georgia stm 1sconcentrated very
heavily in slow-growth industries, if the State can continue to capture the same Regional Share of employment that it did between 1960 and 1965, then its employment should also grow at a more rapid rate than for the United States as a whole during the 1960-1970 and 1970-1980 periods.
4. Employment growth in the recent past has not been unifonn
48

.... --;..

-

.-~."~:

TABLE" 19

RATES OF EMPLOYMENT CHANGE, 1940-1980

United States

26.7

14.4

7.5

10.4

19.8

Georgia

14.4

14.4

12.4

15.5

20.0

Coastal Mountain Central North Central Southern West Central East Central

16.6
10.6 .7
23.0 -2.3 -2.8 -5.3

8.2

9.1

19.6

7.2

10.3

18.8

6.4

10.2

20.5

19.1

21.4

26.5

3.5

7.6

14.8

7.9

10.6

20.5

11.8

15.6

27.9

Note: Rates of change are presented for the seven outdoor recreation planning regions of the state; identified In Figures 1 and 2 of this report.

Source: Tables 1-8

49

. . ..
.-~

. ~:

throughout the State. During the 1960-1965 period growth was very

heavl1y concentrated in the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas

(except for Savannah); the Atlanta SMSA accounted for over one half

of the StateI s total employment growth during the first half of the decade.

5. If the sub-state regions continue to capture the same Regional

Share of future employment growth that they did during the 1960-1965 period

then the Metropolitan Areas should continue to enjoy rapid employment

growth. However, as the relative role of agriculture continues to diminish

in importance, the East Central and Coastal Regions should greatly im-

prove their relative positions.

50

. . ".'. -:.. -

.~~

~:

The Industry-MiX Share Analysis Method

The "Industrial MiX-Reqional Share" method of regional analysis enables the researcher to examine the dYnamics of emploYment change in an area whUe simultaneously putting them in a meaningful perspective in relation to such changes in other areas. Although the technique has its earliest roots in the work of Daniel Creamer in the 1940' s, its perfection and refinement awaited the recent efforts of Edgar S. Dunn, Jr., and Lowell D. Ashby. 7 Under Ashby's direction, the Regional Economics Division of the Office of Business Economics of the United States Department of Commerce has recently extended the technique to analyze relative employment changes during the period 1940 to 1950 and 1950 to 1960 by county for the entire United States. 8 It is Ashby's study that has provided the basic data for this background paper.

7David Creamer, "Shifts of Manufacturing Industries", chapter 4 of Industrial Location and National Resources, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Office, 1943), pp. 85-104; Edgar S. Dunn, Jr., "A Statistical and Analytical Technique for Regional AnalySis~ Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association, Vol, VI, 1960, PP. 97-112; Edgar S.
* Dunll, Jr., Recent Southern Economic Development, University of Florida
monograph 14, Spring, 1962; and Lowell D. Ashby, liThe Geographical
* Redistribution of EmplOyment: An Examination of the Elements of Change, "
Survey of Current Business, Vol. 44, 10, October 1964, pp. 13-20.
8towell D. Ashby, Growth Patterns in Employment by County, 1940-1950 and 1950-1960, (Washington, :Q"C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965) particularly Volume 5, Southeast.

51

..... --:. .

~~.

,~:

The analysis can best be understood by reference to Tables 20 and

21. Total employment in the United States grew by 4,854,600 during the 1960 to 1965 period. 9 Every industry did not grow at this 7.5 per cent

rate; it is the national rate for.!!!!. industry. The employment growth of

individual industries can therefore be sub-divided in a National Growth

element and an Industrial Mbc element.

9The derivation of the data presented in Table 20 and 21 is explained in Appendbc A. The date for 1950 and 1960 differ from those presented in Ashby's study because of the number of workers in category 32-Industry Not Reported, have been allocated to the other 31 Industries. In addition the analysis here is concerned only with changes in civilian employment, therefore armed forces employment has also been om1tted~
52

Table 20 _ . . ~_.UNITED SlATES
Gompc>nents'=o! Employment Change 1950-1960

Employment 1n

1950

1960

(A)

1. Agriculture

7,020,687

2. Forestry andFisherie~

126,873

3. l1ining

944,474

4. Contract Construction

3,508,630

~. Food and Kindred Prodcts mfg.

1,435,072

6. Textile Mill Products 'mfg.

1,258,734

7. Apparel mfg.

1 ;07'~, 760

~. L~bert Wood Products, Furniture mfg. 1,207,869

9. Printing and Pub1is~i9g mfg.

867,976

10. Chemicals and Alliedfroducts mfg.

669,100

11. Electrical and other ~chinery mfg. 2,115,342

12. Motor Vehicles and Equipment mfg.

882,363

13. Other Transportatio~ ~quipment mfg.

489,960

14. Qther and Miscellaneops mfg.

4,81~,95~

15. Railroads and Railway Express

1,408,684

~~. Trucking and Warehous~ng

713,114

17. Other Transportatioq

876,412

18. Communications

720,361

19. Utilities and Sanitary Service

7 9 6 , 9 59

20. Wholesale Trade

.

2,011,31S

21. Food and Dairy Prodqc~s Stores

1,749,530

22. Eating and Drinking Places

1,717,99f)

23. Other Retail Trade

5,263,275

24. Finance, Insurance an~ Real Estate 1, 949,25~

25. Hotels and Other Personal Services 1,889,307

26. Private Households

1,663,984

27. ~usiness and RepairS~rvices

1,332,78a

28. Entertainment, Recreation Services

502,050

29. Medical, Other Professional Services 4,868,576

30. fublic Adminlstratioq

2,551,765

. TOTAL CIVILIAN EMl!LOYMENT

56,434,160

(B)
4,430,433
97,062
~80,869
3,971,900
1,~97,068
~93,157
1,~06,630
1,UO,807 1,188,138
~OO,012
3,:+80,373
~76,288
1,Q16,741
5,~60,312 ~79,814
948,750 923,497 853,293
~35,359
2,303,485 1,758,802 1,875,476 .6, ~3.7, 107 2,804,952
2,1:>21,077 1,995,467
'1 ,p76f 713
523,483 7 ,~87 ,42.6 3, ~33 ,83.6 64,S68,307

Source:
u. S. Department of ppmmerce
U. S. Department of Labor Georgia Department of Labor U. S. Department of Agriculture

..... 0'.'
1965< .
(C) '.'j
3,435,P62'i , . .<'.~"-) 85,657 . )1 587 ,1>45>":'1
4,296,115' 1,824 ,~40
969,P89i, 1,31.3,937 . '1,1.13,:564>' 1,270 ~~57
967~894:
3,5~6~900
1,013.~89
1~O~0~!383". 6,4;187
7~7;~45
1,d45~~39
935~P29 888,~81
937,$67
2,484~136
1,892,161 2 ,:1.48 H~54. ' 6,881 ,650 j 3 ,192 ~"84! 2,251 ,3701 2,~94;2~6! 2,~~9. ~ ?~~ 1
~8a!7~51
9,~59 ,3R~ 1
3,947,l93! 69,~22!875!
~, -.

53

Components or Employment. Change

.. .

1950 - 1960
~~'. '... Cp:.,'1gfls 're1atE1d.t'o .

Industry
1. Agriculture
Z. Forestry and Fisheri~s
3. Mining 4. Contract Construction 5. Food and Kindred Products mfg. 6. Textile Mill Products mfg. 7. Apparel mfg. 8. Lumber, Wood Products, Furniture mfg. 9. Printing and Publishing mfg. 10. Chemicals and Allie(! Products mfg. 11. Electrical and oth~w Machinery mfg. 12. Motor Vehicles and Equipment mfg. 13. Other Transportation Equipment mfg. 14. Other and Miscellaneous mfg. 15. Railroads and Railway Express 16. Trucking and Warehousing 17. Other Transportatioq 18. Communications 19. Utilities and Sanitary Service 20. Wholesale Trade 21. Food and Dairy Prod~cts Stores 22. Eating and Drinking;~laces 23. Other Retail Trade 24. Finance, Insurance and Real Estate 25. Hotels and Other Personal Services 26. Private Households
27. Business and Repair Services
28. Entertainment, Recreation Services 29. t-1cdica1, Other Professlonal Services
30. Public Administratipn TOTAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT

National
Gro~lth
(D)
1,011,927 18,287 136,132 505,717 206,844 181,423 155,631 174,096 125,106 96,441
304,895
127,180 70,620 693,572 203,041
102,785 126,322 103,829 114,870 289,901 252,169 247,624758,623 280,956 272,316 239,839 192,101
72,363 701,733 367,799
8,13!~,147

Industrial Hix
(E)
-3,602,181 48,098 399,737 42,447 255,152 447,005 28,761 271,158 195,056 134,471 760,136 133,255
~.56,161
354,782 ~ 631,911
132,851 79,237 29,103 23,,530
2~269
242,897 90,],,44-
315,209 574,744-
1L~O,546
91,644 151,830 50,,930
2,317,1];'1'
.U,140,25

54

~

.- .

~ "

.' Components of Emp1?yment Change ~. 1950 ~~.l~-:i:',.

Changes related to

Industry

1. Agriculture

2. Vorestry and Fisheries

3. tUning

. 4. Contract Construction

5. )ood and Kindred Proqucts mfg.

6. textile Mill Products mfg.

7. Apparel mfg.

8. Lumber, Wood Product~, Furniture mfg.

9. Printing and Publishing mfg.

10. Chemicals and Allied Products mfg.

11. Electrical and other Machinery mfg.

12. Motor Vehicles and Equipment mfg.

13. Other Transportation Equipment mfg.

14. Other and Miscellanequs mfg.

15. Railroads and Railway Express

16. Trucking and Warehou,ing

17. Other Transportation"

18. Communications

19. Utilities and Sanitary Service

20. Wholesale Trade

'

21. Food and Dairy Produets Stores

22. Eating and Drinking rlaces

23. Other Retail Trade

24. Finance,'Insurance andRealEBtate

25. Hotels and Other Personal Services

26. Private Households

27. Business and Repair ~ervices

28. Entertainment, Recreation Services

29. Medical, Other Profe,sional Services

30. Public Admin1stratio~

TOTAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT

Total
Change (G)
-2,.590,2.54 - 29,811
263,60.5 463,270 461,996 26.5,.577 126,870
97,062 302,162 230,912 1,06.5,031
6,07.5 .526,781
1, Ol~8 ,3.54
~ 'lt28,870 23.5,636
47~08.5
132,932 138,400 292,170
9,272 1.57,480 1,073,832 8.5.5 ,700 . 131,770 331,483.
343~931
.21,43.3 3,018,850 .
'782,0.51
8,134,147

55

.- .

National growth

J

l.

333,101

2.

7,298

3.

51,191

4.

298,637

5.

142,631

6.

74,671

7.

90,721

8.

83,516

9.

89,330

10.

67,667

Ii.

239,116

12.

65,884

13.

76,444

14.

440,608

15.

73,667

16.

71,332

17.

69,433

18.

64,155

19.

70,325

20 .

173,188

2l.

132,236

22.

141,008

23.

476,455

24.

210,890

25.

151,955

26.

150,029

27.

126,064

28.

39,358

29.

593,016

30.

250,653

4,854,568

-Components of Employment Change

1960-1965 Changes related to industrial mix
K
-1,328,472 18,703
- 145,015
25,588
- 215,559
98,739 16,586 80,759
6,611 215
127,411 71,317 .72,802
- 216,733 - 256,136
25,857 57,901 29,167 67,817 ,7,463 1,123 132,370 68,088 176,642 78,338 48,720 547,157 74,096 978,910 362,724


Regional share
L
a
q
Q
Q q
Q
Q Q
Q
0 0 0
0 0
P
0 ,0
b P
0
P
b

r'1

Total change
M
-995,371 - 11,405 - 93,824
324,215 - 72,928 - 24,068
107,307 2,757
82,719 67,882 366,527
.137~201
3,642 223,875 ";182,469
97~189
;11,532 "24,988
,2,508 1,,80,651 ,133,359 27,'3,;378 544,543 387,532 ,230,293 198,749 673,221 - 34,738 .1-,571,.926 613,377

56

Industry

Table 21 , . --"fI'
Georgia! COp1.ponents of Empl9Yment Change-

t'. Agriculture

2. Forestry and Fisheri,s

3. Mining

4. Contract Constructiop 5. Food and Kindred Pro~ucts mfg.

6. Textile Mill Products mfg.

7. Apparel mfg.

8. Lumber, Wood Products, Furniture mfg.

9. Printing and Publishing mfg.

10. Chemicals and Allied Products mfg.

ll. Electrical and other Machinery mfg.

12. Motor Vehicles and Equipment mfg.

13. Other Transportati~n Equipment mfg.

14. Other and Miscellaneous mfg.

15. Railroads and Railw.y Express

16. TruckingandWarehoU81ng

17. Other Transportatioq

18. Communications

.

;19. Utilities and Sanit~ry Service

20. Wholesale Trade

2l.
,;,'-22.

Food and Dairy Pro~ucts Stores Eating and Drinking Places

23. Other Retail Trade

24. Finance, Insurance ~nd Real Estate

- 25. Hotels and Other Personal Services

26. Private Households

27. Business and Repair Services

28. Entertainment, Recreation Services

29. Medical, Other Professional Services

30. Public Admini.stratiOn

TOTAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT

U.s. Dept. of Coru:aor'ce
u. s ~.. Dept. of Labol"
GeorgiajDppt. of Labor
u. S. Dept. of A81"'icu1ture

1960
1_?,3- , 0/( B73) 6,919
5,580 88,997 45,908 97,282
LI-8,224
46,851 111.,..5.57 14,360. 18,030 12,111 16,082
61,t~96
19,086
19,415 18,216
15,062
17,1-33 47,242 38,630 29,000
136,862
.51,313 43,916 97,556'28,885.
8,115)
136,10Lj.
1,38763,'148838

57

National growth

D

38,892

2.

1,659

3.

739

4.

10,513

5

3,792

6.

14,962

7

3,544

8

9,430

9.

1,372

10

1,565

11

1,097

12.

975

13

79

14

5,344

15.

4,028

16.

1,633

17.

1,902

18.

1,769

19.

1,943

20

5,233

21

5,316

22

3,641

23

15,323

24.

4,417

25.

5,871

26.

12,087

27.

3,208

28

1,190

29.

12,190

7,087

180,801

. . .~-Components of Employment Change

1950-1960
Changes re1~ted to industrial mix

E

-138,444
- 4,363 - 2,169

882

-,

4,678 38,865

655
- 14,687

2,138

2,182

2,735

- 1,021

508

2,734
- 12,536

2,111
- 1,193

496

398

4

5,120

1,326

6,367

9,035

3,030

4,619

2,535

838

40,252

7,983

-128,294

Reg i ott a1 share
F
- 46,&04 - 1,885
1t~~6
6,430 11,126 15,377 20,747
- 13~~15
1,531 244
6,~&8 5,~95 14~949 1~~~43
\ 351 4,441
4, tll
~?6
1,610 5,701 1,5.54 1,422
8,~59
7,219
- 5,]20 - 3,q10
887 1494 912 12,041
76,308

Total change
G
--146,156 4,589 456 16,061 19,596
- 6,526
23,636
- 18,572
5,041 3,503
1q~.420
5,349 15,536 24,421
- 8,859
8,085 5,020 2,791 3,951
10,9~8
1,75.0 ;3,7n 30,549 20,671 ,3,18l
i:~;696
6,630 142
51,530 27,111
128,815

- (in R~ll'ltive change 51,986

58

National growth

J

l.

9,298

2.

520

3.

420

4.

6,691

5.

3,452

6.

7,314

7.

3,626

8.

3,522

9.

1,094

10.

1,080

11

1,356

12;

911

13.

1,209

14~

4,624

15.

1,435

16

1,460

17.

1,370

18.

1,132

19.

1,311

20.

3,522

21.

2,904

22.

2,180

23.

10,290

24.

3,B58

25.

3,302

26.

7,335

27.

2,172

28.

610

29.

10,233

5,735

T

103,996

Co~ponents of Employment Change

1960-1965 Changes related to industrial l'lix;
K
- 37,084 - 1,333 - 1,188
573
- 5,216 - 9,672
663
- 3,406
81 3
722 987 1,152
- 2,274 - 4,989
529
- 1,142
515
- 1,264 153 25 2,018 1,470 3,231 1,702 2,382
- 9,426 1,149 16,892 8,300
- 21,389

Regional share
L
- 4,+44
943 676 14,124 3,462 4,P76 ~., 774 3,SlO l,Q51 501 1,064 13,057 340 lq,093 2,?00 1,429 4,521 1,688
- ~,550
4,f)05
4,300 ,469
5,~04
5,254 484
- 1,505
7;030 1,882
- .3-,7,02 - 3,123
8~,707

(N) Relative ch'ange 67,:U8

Total change
M
-- 31,930 1,756 92 21,388 1,698 1,718 14,063
- 3,394
2,064 1,584 3,142 14,955
397 18,443
- 1,054 3 , 4,18
4,749
;2.~30~
- 1,5:03
:f3,~10
:4;,229 8,667 17,264 1.2,343 5,488 8,212 18,628 1,343 25,423
10~912
H~,>314

59

--

.

-~~.-~:

'!be -National Growth element represents the'inerease in employment

that would have occurred in a particular industry if it had grown at the

same rate as the average for all industries combined. It is computed by

multiplying the Individual industry employment figures for 1960 in

Column B by the national all-industry growth rate for the 1960 to 1965

period, 7.5 per cent. For example, the National Growth component

in Column J for Industry I, Agriculture, is 333,100. This represents the

increase that would have occurred in agricultural employment between

1960 and 1965 if employment in this industry had increased at the

national rate for all industries combined. It is computed by multiplying

agricultural employment in 1960, 4,430,400 by the national all industry growth rate of 7.5 per cent. 10

Because of varying rates of technological demand, and other structur-

al change, certain industries grow m.ore rapidly than do others. These

I

relative employment changes are indicated by the Industrial Mix

component (Column K). A positive figure in this column indicates that the

particular industry grew at a rate that was greater than the national

average rate for all industry; a negative figure indicates that the industry

was a relatively slow growing or even a declining one. The employment

10It should be remembered that since the basic sources of the data are the Decennial Census of PoPulation that are taken at or near Aprll 1 of the census year, the data do have a seasonal blase Total employment is less than average annual figures would indicate and the relative proportions of certain lndustries such as Agriculture and Contract Construction in the total figures are distorted downward. For a more detailed discussion of basic differences in data sources see Ashby, Ibid, , Volume 5, p. XXII-XXIV.
60

--. . .... -:. .

.

~:

total in 1960 by an Industrial Mbe: Component for Agriculture 1,328,500

can be computed by multiplying the Industry percentage derived by sub-

tracting the national employment growth rate for all industry , 7.518 per

cent from the -22.467 per cent negative growth rate for this particular

industry (computed by dividing -995,400 by 4,430,400). This represents

the number of additional agricultural jobs that would have been needed

by 1965 in order for this industry to have grown at the national average

rate for a111ndustry. By contrast, employment in Industry 30, PubUc

Administration, grew more rapidly than the national average for all

industry, a fact that is indicated by the positive number in Column K.

If an area has concentrated in "slow-growthll industries, that is,

industries that have had a negative national industrial mbe: change, then

it is to be expected that, other things equal, the rate of employment growth

in these areas will be less than that for the nation- as a whole. This was

certainly a factor in the Georgia economy between 1960 and 1965; the

state had an Industrial Mbe: Component chanqe of -21,400 during this

period. This means that if each Georgia industry had grown or declined

at the same rate a s its national counterpart.. then employment would

have declined by -21,400 durinq the five year period.

A large proportion of slow-growth or declining industries in the

economy of a state tends to place its economy on a backward moving

treadmUI, but it is stUI possible for its employment to grow if the

area is able to gain an increasing share of total employment in these same 61

_. i~u_stri~S.

.,

.-.'-'

.

F

or Q.~ample
:-'.,... -~.:

I

.

employment

in
.

the

Textile

Industry,(Industry
.

".

-

.

*6) declined by 24,000 between 1960-1965 throughout the United

States. At the beginning of the decade textile employment in Georgia

totaled 97,300. If employment in this industry had grown at the national

all industry rateI Georgia would have recorded an increase of 7 I 300

during this five year period" If the textile industry in Georgia had de-

c11ned at the same rate as did the textile industry throughout the United

States, employment would have declined by 9, 700. Thereforef if

National Growth and Industrial Mix were the only two factors involved

in total regional employment change, textile employment in Georgia

would have declined by approximately 2,400 during the first half of the

1960's.

Since the data show that Georgia textile employment actually in-

creased by 1, 700, we must conclude that Georgia gained a larger regional

share of a nationally declining industry, a fact which is indicated by a

Regional Share component of 4, 100" The sum of t.lle three components,

National Growth, Industrial Mix, and Regional Share comprise the Total

Employment Change in this industry, 1, 700"

The sum of the Industrial Mix and Regional Share totals represents

the net relative change in employment for a region compared to the nation

as a whole. The negative figure of 52,000 (-120, 300',Industrial Mix

+76,300 Regional Share) during the decade of the 1950' s indicates the

number of additional jobs that would have been available if total employ-

ment in the State had grown at the national average rate for all industries 62

. . ..... ~ .

~~

~:

combined. The positive figme of 67,300 (-21,400 Industrial Mix

+ 88,707 Regional Share) indicates the margin by which Georgia

employment growth exceeded that of the nation for the 1960 to

1965 period .11

The Regional Economics

The recent regional employment growth and projections to 1980

are summarized in Table 22. Employment in the Coastal region during the

1950-1960 period grew more rapidly than the State average for all

industry primarily because of the relatively small role of agricultural

employment in the area of economy. However, growth in the 1960-1970

and 1970-1980 periods is expected to be at a lower rate than for the

State as a whole because of the relatively poor performance of the

Savannah area. Total employment in the savannah area actually

declined between 1960 and 1965. .

Employment in the Southern region declined during the decade of

the 1950's and is expected to grow at less than half the State average

rate during the 1960's and 1970's. This is due primarily to the

region's heavy dependence on a declining agriculture (at least in terms

of employment).

The East Central economy was also very hard hit during the 1950's by

the decline in agricultural employment. However, the very strong

12A more detailed explanation of the Industrial Mix-Regional Share method of analysis appears in Ashby I Ibid., Pp. lX-XVI.
63

Table 12
Total Employment Change 1950-1980,.
Georgia Recreation Areas Total Employment (ooo's)

Coastal

Southern

---, East Central

m

,j:o,

Central

West Central

North Central

Mountain

1950 85.3 179.7 92.1 219.1 88.5 505.3 84.5

1960'

1'970

198"(J

99.4

117.4

140.4

175~6

195.6

22(,;.;.. 6

87.3

112.8

144.2

220.6

258.6

311.7

86.1

102.7

123.8

621.3

898.9 1,223.3

93.4

110.4

131.1

Per Cent Change

1950--60 16.5
-5.2 0.7
-2.7 23.0 10.5

1960,..70 18.1 11.4 35.2 17.2 19.3 44.7 18.2

I,.,'

Ii.

1970-80

. ,1

9

.

6

\

<
t

~.
14.8 f,,! .

32.8

20.5

20.6

36.1,

18.8

Total

1,254.4 1,383.2 1,796.4 2,298.8

10.3

29.9

28.0

.
'~~"~:
growth of the Augusta area should provide a more rapid than average /growth rate for this region from 1960 to 1980.
A roughly s1m1lar pattern of growth is occuriing in the Central Region - slow-growth during the 1950's followed by a more rapid expansion during the next two decades. However, employment in Macon has not grown as rapidly as in Augusta or in Atlanta, a factor which leads to a lower-than-average employment growth rate for the planning period.
This same pattern Is quite evident in the West Central region. Even though employment in the Columbus area has grown more rapidly than the National Average rate, employment in the remainder of the region has actually declined in the past and is not expected to recover rapidly in the future.
The North Central region has been Georgia' s most rapidly growing one in recent past and is expected .to continue its almost spectacular rise during the period to 1980. The Atlanta SMSA alone accounted for almost half of the total employment expansion in the entire Georgia economy during the 1960-1965 period. This area 1s expected to account for almost two ,th1rds of the total state employment growth during the 1960 to 1980 period.
The Mountain region actually grew at a slightly higher rate than did the State during the decade of the 1950's. primarily because of its relatively small dependence upon agriculture. Its growth rate is expected to Increase during the 1960-1970 and 1970-1980 periods, but not as rapidly as for the State as a whole.
65

'.'

~.'

., .

.... --:. .
.---~:
The Derivation of the OCcupational Estimates and Protections Both the occupational estimates and the occupational projections
were directly derived from the industrial employment estimates and proJections. For 1950 and 1960, Census of Population data was utUized to calculate the percentage that each major occupational group comprised of the total employment in each industry group. These percentages were then multiplied by the industry employment figures to determine the number of employed workers in each occupational group.
For 1970 and 1980 the final figures were derived in simUar fashion. 0" The occupational rates of change in the various industries were computed
utU1zing unpublished data supplied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
u. S. Department of Labor.

66

J.. '1;)\) stat.e.

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
1,184

3 Mining
110

Ma19t bdcupation Table

<~-~ ,~:;

-- Table Zg'

.

4-14 .

15-1920-:23."24 ..

Contract, C9n~.. Transport.T:rade .. F'ip.., Insur.

;~
25-29 30.. T Service PubJ.:ic Total

& Manufacturing & Utilities

Real Estate_____ . _

j'.

7,691 2,660 .

875 <59,017 4,639 79:,648

II

Managers,

\

officials and

\

proprietors,

incl. farm

160,450

237

16,617 5,454 48,702

il.
5,201 9,320 4,365 250,346

III Clerical and kindred workers

~

IV

...:J Sales vcrke.rs

533

218

132

18

19,550 '. i9,400

7,050

408 58,659

11,905 8,978

1'.11 , ~
14,233 20,761 ~P9,021
, I I,',
1,287 102 76,634

V CFdtsmen Foremen. and kindred wOI'kers
VI
OJ.,eratives and kindred WOI kers
VII
Service workers, incl. private household
VIII
Laborers except mine

581 2,401
359 115,697

1,122 3,331
77 11

77,108 15,214 11,709 l73,984 20,483 2:.7,800

7,085

3,115 24,371

56,348 11,490 7,626

600 16,872 6,029129,235 208 20,488 3,215 251,910 2,377 111,065 7,795 156,241+ 498 7,399 2,266 201,335

SotIrC'6': Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

.J~,lJ
1950

Coastal
I Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries
35

3
Mining
1

'Iable .2=A

4-14

15-19

Contract Cons.-:.Tr~sport.

& Manufacturini & Utilities

5t~9

295

20-23 24

25-29

Tra.de ." Fj,n., Inf?ur.. Service

Real" Estate

282

69 4,888

30T
Public '. Total
312 ".6,431

II

Managers,

officials and

proprietors,

incl. farm

4,728

2

1,186

604 3,951

499

772 493 :,,11,945

III Clerical and kindred workers

l'

' "..

16

2

1,395

2,149 1,819

936

1~17~ 1,395 ~8,891

CI) _ IV co Sues vak~rs

4

o

503

45 4,759

706

107

7 ,.6,131

V
Cl'attsmen Foremen and kindred workers

17

8

5 ,50~.

1,685

950

47

1,397 405 .10,013

VI
Operatives and kindred workers

70

23

12,418 2,267 2,255

16 1,697 216 18,962

VII

Service workers,

incl. private

household

11

1

506

345 1,977

187

9,198 525 12,750

VIII
Laborers except mine

3,410

o

4,022

1,273

619

39

613

s. Source: Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished dat?- supplied by the U. Dept. of Labor

152 10,128

1950

North Central

1 and 2

Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries

I

Professional

technical &

kindred workers

265

3
Mining
37

,Table 5-B

4-14

15-19

Contract Cons'<>:,Transport.
&Manufacturing &Utilities

20-23 ~
Tz-ade., F;n., Insure '.'
Real 'Estate

25-29
Service

30
Public

T
Totel

3,423 1,327 1,628

519 21~, 998 2,187" 3,4,384 .. 'I.

IT

Managers,

officials and

proprietors, incl. farm

35,960

78

7,393 2,721 22,838 3,082 3,948 2,058 78,078

III Clerical and kindred workers

119

72

8,699 9,681 10,514 7,054 6,028 9,786

EB ,IV
Sales VQ'ke.rs
v
Cnttsmen Foremen and
kindred wor'kers

30

6

131

373

3,136

204 27,508 5,320

545 4836,797

34,306 7,592 5,491

356 7,146, 2,84258,237

VI
O{.eratives and kindred WOI kers
VII
Service workers, incl. private household

538 I,I08

81

26

77,409 10,221 13,037

123 8,678 1,515<1.12,629

3,153

1,554 11,428 1,408 47,OL~5 3,67568,370

VIII
Laborers except mine

25,930

4

25,071 5,734 3,576

295 3,136 1,067 64,813

S(\urce: Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

1950

j~

I'fountaih

I
Professional technical & kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry tlisheries
85

3 Mining
24

TaOJ.e z=..v

4-14

15-19 '

20-23 24

25-29

Contract Cons. Transport. Tra.de .' Fin_, Insur ..Service

& Manufacturing &Util;ttj.es _._.~ . ~. ~ Real Estate'

800

106 16Lj.

26 2,419

30
Publici
155

T
Total
'/3,779

II

Managers,

officials and

proprietors, incl. farm

11,506

52

III
Clerical and kindred workers

38

48

1,728

217 2,302

153

382 146 ;t6,486

I'
1

rI'

2,033

771~. ,1,060

583 696 "'15,582

IV ~ Sales vCTkErs

9

4

733

16 2,773

264

53

3 3,855

V C7dtsmen Foremen and kindred workers
VI
OI-eratives and kindred wOlkers

42

245

172

726

8,020 18,097

607 553 817 1,314

18

692 203 10,380

6'

840 108' 22,080

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

26

17

VIII
Laborers except mine

e.,297

2

737 5,861

124 1,152 458 360

70

4,554 261 6,9LLl

15

303

76 15,372

Source~ Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished.:data supplied by the U. S. Dept.

_ _, . L '

1950

Central

I
Professional technical & kindred workers

1 and 2
Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries
307

3
Hining
35

Table 5-E

4-14

15-19

20-23 ..:.":.,+

25-29 30

Contract Cons. TraIlsport. ,Tra.de ,.Fin., ,Insur.."-,~~rvice Publie, &: Manufacturing & UtiUti~sc: ___ __ Real Estate'"

T Total

1,070

335 491

90 10,127 1,005 15,460

II

Managers,

officials and

proprietors,

incl. farm

41,538

74

III
Clerical and kindred workers

138

68

2,310 2,720

688 6,893

53B

2,41+6 3,173 ' 1

' 1,600 2,442

946 4,497

.5\4. ,587
rl'
I."
16,715

IV -...J Sales vC\1"ke.rs.
N
V
C~s.tsmen
Foremen and kindred wor-kers

34

6

151

352

981

51 8,301

10,726 1,918 1,657

928

221

22 10,544-

I

62

2,895 1,306 19,067

VI
~eratives and kindred. workerS"

621

1~046

~.,202

2~583 ' 3,,934-

22 3,516 696 '36,620

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

93

24-

986

393 3,41!-9

246 19,0$9 1,689 25,939

VIII
Laborers except mine

29,952

3

7,838 1,411-9 1,079

51 1,270

,
Source: Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

491 42,133

:".<.,.50<"

,""';t....'

We.st., CentraL

1 and 2

:3

Agric. Forestry Mi.l:1ip.g

&Fisheries

I
Professional
teclmical &
kindred workers

57

2,

II
Managers, officials and
proprietors, incl. farm

7,720

l~

III
Clerical-and kindred workers

26

3

IV

Sales va-krs

.....,

(A)

V

C7.attsmen

Foreirlen and

kindred \lor'kers

6

1

28

18

VI
OI-erd.tives and kindr.e.dworkers

115

' '53

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

17

1

VIII
Laborers except mine

5,567

0

Source~

Table

711

141+ 236

1,536

295 3,304

1,,807 652

r;olfr' 1,521
22. ,3,,979

7,128

822 794

16 r 083..

~,;lQ7 <1 a 887

655

J.'68 ., 1,653

51

;'1

305

722 . 236 ," ';l4, 122

,

"

695

524

100

6 1 ?,290

35 1,307 326 10,458 12 1,588 174 21,019

139 . 8,607 422 11,662

J,."'J:>O East . CentI!a~
1 and 2

:3 4-14

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

112

5

482

147 228

46

IL

Managers,

officials and

proprietors, incl. farm

15,222

11

III
Clerical and kindred workers

50

10

IV
Sales vakfrs

~

IIllo

V

CF~smen

Foremen and

kindred wor'kers

13

1

55

51

1,041 .

302 3,189

1,225 442

1,073 ,468 23 3,841

4,833

841 767

275

743 343 21,126

.'

. 'J':
~ I'. ;1
J..',633;&7,222

',"; ".j

475

103

8 4,906

I. '

32 1,344 474 .8,397

VI
Operatives and kindred workers

228

149

10,905., 1,133.1,8.2.0

11 1,632 253 16,131

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

34

3

4lt4

172 1,596

126 8,848 613 11,836

VIII
Laborers except mine

10,976

1

3,532

635 499

26

.589 178 16,436

Adapted frQDl Census of Population anclunpublished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

'-'---

~-.-~

-- '-.

-

~

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

(minus Savannah)-

1 and 2

3

Agric. Forestry Mining

&Fisheries

31

1

-- MajorOCcURftUon.TabJe"

Table ,23oAr-l

4-14

15-19

20-23 24

25-29

Caltr~ctCons.,Transport.ii TraRe,~f.i;t'l.~ Jnsur. . Service

& Man~~<:~~ng & Utilities .',

........J.Be!1. Estate

203

53

76

14 1,435

30

T

Pu:bl1~< /.tptal

7-~~~

;'.

85 ":L,903

II.

Managers, officials and

proprietors, inc],.. farm

4,203

1

450

109 1.070

82

227

80

"
',,6,222

III
Clerical and kindred workers

14

1

,l'.

530

387 .,. 493'

189

346 382 .1"[2.,'342

.....

en

IV

Sales vC:l"krs

3

0

191

8 1,289

142

31-

2 1,666

I

V
CFaf'tsmen
Foremen and kindred workers

15

6

2,090

304 257

10

410 III 3,203

VI
ClI-eratives and kiildi!ed votkers

63,

17

4-,715

40.9 6ll

3,

498 59' 6,375

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

9

0

192

62 535

38 2,701 143 3,680

VIII
Laborers except mine

),032

0

1,527

229 167.

8

180 42 5,185

Source: Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished da~a supplied by the U.

~7/J

Central (minus Macon)

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries
296

3
Mining
29

Table ..2!-1

4-14

15-19

Contract Cons. Transport. & Manufacturine: & Utilij:,i~s

784

178

20-23 24

25-29

Trade., Fin. J Insur. Service

_~Real Estate

314

46 7,086

30

T

Public 'Total

, t -~'~ ,

"

401 9,134 J/!

II

Managers,

offida1s and

proprietors,

incl. farm

40,045

62

III
Clerical and
j kindred workers

1.33

57

1,694

364 4,397

1,993 1,296 2,024

273 1,119 378 48,332 ., 5-

625

r 1,709 1,796 9, .633

1

IV Sales va-kErs

33

5

719

27 5,295

471

155

9 6~714

V
C7~tsmen
Foremen and kindred workers
VI
OI-eratives and kindred workers

145

294

599

872

7,862 1,017 1,057 17,741 1,369 2,510

32. 2,026 522 12,955

II

2,460 278 25,8~.0

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

90

20

722

208 2,200

125 13,334 674 17,373

VIII
Laborers except mine

28,876

3

5,745

768 688

26

888 196 37,190

Source~Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of r;-abor

1950

~...:.::..:.i'

~

ltlest Central (minusCoIUlnDUS)
Table $F-1

1 and 2

3 4-14

15-19

Agric. Forestry Mining Contract Cons. Tr~spprt~

&Fisheries

&Manufacturing &Utilities

I

Professional

technical &

kindred workers

54

1

386

61

20-23 24

25-29

Trade .. Fin., Insur. , Service

Real Esta.te

91

17 2,156

30 Publi-C
82

T ~ota1

, .- .. -,"";- ....'

,

. ,,~-'

"2,848

II

Managers,

officials and

proprietors,

incl. farm

7,343

1

834

124 1,280

99,

341

III
Clerical and kindred workers

24

1

982

442 589

226

520

IV

""'3
CX)

Sales wcrkrs

6

0

354

9 1,542

171

47

V
Cl'dtsmen Foremen and kindred workers

27

5

3,872

347 308

11.

616

VI
Of,eratives and kindred WOI kers '...
VII
Service workers, incl. private household

110

. HI

16

0

8,736 356

467 732

71

61-1r1

4

748

45 4,058

VIII
Laborers except mine

5,295

0

2,829

263 200

9

270

Source: Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

.I. 7 1,I0' 099
r,!
' '.
3 365 J 149
2 1 2,131
106 .5,292 5.6 10,867
136 5,323 40 8,906

1950

East Central (minus Augusta) rrable5G-1

1 and 2

3 4-14

- 15-19

Agric. Forestry Mining Contract Cons. Transport~

&Fi6heries

&Manufacturing &Utilities

I

Professional
teclmical &
kindred workers

109

2

244

50

20-23 24

25-29

Trade .. Fin., Insur. SeI;"lice

Real Es~at~

.

87

13 1,973

30, Public
124

T Total
II!
.2,602

I!

Managers,

officials and

proprietors,

incl. farm

14, 7~.7

5

II! Clerical and kindred workers

49

5

527

102 1,222

77

312. 1i7 17,109

,1

Ij'

'I"~ ..

620

364 563

177

476 555 2,809

IV

Sales va-kErs

'3

(0

V

CJ'attsmen

Foremen and

kindred wOlkers

VI
OI-eratives and kindred. workers

12

1

54

25

221

TS~

VII
ServicewQrkers, incl. private household

33

2

VIII
Laborers except mine

10,633

o

223

8 1,472

134

43

3 1'1,896,

2,444
5,516

285

294

384 697

9

564 161 . 3,836

3

685

86 7,665

225 1,786

58

611

216 191

35 3,712 207 4,383

8

247

61 13,142

Source: Adapted frcJ1 Census of Population and unpublished data. supplied by the U. S. Dept. of La.bor

1950

Coastal (Savannah)

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
4

Ma.1p.r Qccupation..Table.".

Table ~-~-

3 4-14

15-19

20-23 24

Mining Contract. C()ns. Transport. Trade .. Fin.,.In$ur.

& Manufacturing 8c UtilltieJL__ . ~~m,--Estate

25-29 Service

0

340

241 205

55 3,453

30

T

Public\'.Total

,.

227 4,,525

II Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm

525

1

III Clerical and kindred workers

2

0

736

495 2,881

326

866 1,761 1,326

747

545 213 833 1,014

5,~'722 ,
r6"'~549

IV Sales wc:.rkrs
co
0
V CJPattsmen Foremen and kindred workers
VI OJ-eratives and kindred .workers

0

0

2

2

8

.8

312 .

37 3,470

563

75

5 4,462

3,414 1,381 693 7,703 1,B6Q 1,64-5

38

987 294 6,811

13 1,199 157 12,593 .

VII Service workers, incl. private household

1

0

314

283 1,442

149 6,498 381 9,068

VIII Laborers except mine

379

0

2,495

1,044

4~/::->

32

433 110 4,945

Source ~ Adapted from. Census of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of rabor'

~ 7 ...-,,0

.......-,.. ".",;:".

North Central< (Atlanta)

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries
36

3
Mining
9

Table .5ll-2

4-14

15-19

Contract Cons. Transport.

&Manufacturing &Utilities

20-23 24
Trade .. Fin., Insur.
Real Estate

25-29
Service

30 T
Pub1!~ .Total

1,754 1,051 1,148 437 16,534 1,74822',717

II-

Managers,

officials and

proprietors,

incl. farm

L~,888

18

III
Clerical and kindred workers

16

17

3,788 4,457

2,156 16,095 2,595 7,669 7,4~O 5,94

2,611 3,987

1,645 7,823

33.; 796 I' ," II,' lill
3"r,319

IV

Sales vakrs

c..o..

V

CF~tsmen
Foremen and

kindred workers

L~

1

18

87

VI
Operatives and kindred.. WOI kers'

73

258

VII

Service workers,

incl. private

household

11

6

VIII
Laborers except mine

3,524

1

1,607

161 19,385 4,479

361

38 26,036

I

17,579 6,014 3,869 39,666 8,097 9,.187

299 4,727 2,272 34,865

, ('\4
..L.V

5,740 1,211 6LhJ336

1,615 1,231 8,053 1,186 31,117 2,937 46,156

12,848 4,544 2,520

243 2,073 854 26,612

Source~ Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

,, ..,,, ;""-'

;.. /..,rO

"."", .... ~-~..

"'"

.:~

NorthCentral'(Atlanta)

I
Professional technical & kindred workers

1 and 2
Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
36

3
Mining
9

Table -SIl-2

4-14

15-19

Contract Cons. Transport.

&Manufacturing &Utilities

20-23 24
Tra.de .. Fin., Insur.
Real Estate

25-29
Service

30

T

Publl,c ,Total

,

1,754 1,051 1,148 437 16,534 1,748 23',717

IL

Managers,

officials and

proprietors,

incl. farm

l~,888

18

III
Clerical and kindred workers

16

17

3,788 4,457

2,156 16,095 2,595 7,669 7,~~O 5,940

2,611 3,987

1,645 7,823

3.3,,796 I'

I"

l 'I'

I"

,

37:,319

IV Sales vcrkErs
O...J. V
CF~tsmen
Foremen and kindred workers

l~

1

1,607

161 19,385 4,479

361

38 26,036

I

18

87

17,579 6,014 3,869

299 4,727 2,272 34,865

VI
Operatives and kindred- WOI kers-

73

258

39,666 8,097 9.1 187

104

5,740 1,211 6LI,336

VII

Service workers,

incl. private

household

11

6

1,615 1,231 8,053 1,186 31,117 2,937 46,156

VIII
Laborers except mine

3,524

1

12,848 4,544- 2,520

248 2,073 854 26,612

Source: Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

West central (Co1umbusltTabie $F:'2'

l a n d 2 3 4-14 > ,'. '. ,' 15-19 '. 20-2324, ,'., , ','

Agric.Forestry Mining Contract COns. ;.Transport.Tra~e::~inifln~.

!. Fisheries

& Manufacturing .', &.Utili~Ues ""_~ .. :~.:::-~Re:at::oEstate

I ProfessiOnal technical & kindred workers

3

1

325

83

144

35

25-29' 30,,::T. Service' PUblie;;~9t81
,. .

2,417

".
169.? ,177

II Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm

III Clerical and
kindred workers

/ . IV Salesvakrs

cwo

V

Cl',attsmen

Foremen and

kindred workers

VI
OI-erdtives and
kiildredwOIkers

VII
Service workers, incl. private
household

VIII
Laborers
except mine

377

3

1

3

0

0

1

13

6

39

1

1

272

0

:.

'.

702

170 2,.024 . 205

382 159 ,"4-,022

~:

826

606

932

469

583 753 4,178

297

13 2,437

354

53 . 4 IJ,158

3,256

475 486

24

691 2205,166

7,347

6391,155

8

839 11710,150

299 2,380

97 1,013 359 317

93

4,549 285 6,338

20

303

83 3,734

Source: Adapted from Census' of Population and-unpublished data, supplied by the U.

State

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
1,964

Major Occupation rable

Table 24'"

:3 4-14

15-19

Mining Contract Cons. Transport. _ _~_lian1lfQ.(rt.\U:.jJllt_&_T.1tj.:l.~t.~es

20-23 24
Trade "Fin., Insur. . c ~ _ R _ ealEstate

25-29 Service

1.-'

30

T,

Public T.o, tal

Jl r

277

17,285 4,804 4,040 1,334 83,208 8,773 121',685

II Managers, officials and pr0prietors, incl. farm

61,685

359

III Clerical and kindred workers

870

275

25,287 35,349

6,925 53,763 10,640 20,851 32,947 21,630

I

J"

13,250 7,7l!1- 179,623

l'I'

, I."

,

26,015 30,226 168,163

IV Sales wmErs

co
(JI

V

C7.attsmen Foremen and kindred wOlkers

175

22

11,690

78-9 66,996 13,569

I
1,510 101 94,852

8L~8 1,337

100,666 17,968 17,183

930 17,915 10,770 167,617

VI
OI-eratives and kindred wOlkers

3,505 3,178

211i-,135 25,455 35,570

134 20,G82 4,201 307,060

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

383

132

8,346

3,064 30,865 2,471 141~,186 11,446 200,893

VIn Laborers except cine

61,162

o

51,140 ' 9,356 10,370

605

7,610 3,0.52' 143,295

Source: Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished' aatasupplied'by the-- U. S. Dept~ of Labor

1960

Coastal

I
Professional
teclmical &
kindred workers

1 and 2

3

Agric. Forestry" . Mining

& 'Fisheries

63

3

Table ....6J.

4-14

15-19

.. 20-23 24

Cantract CQD.;:b Transport. Trade ... Fjp,.. , .~sur.

& Manufact,~~S & Utilities

.; ..J.blfj' EJltate

1,239

473 310

96

25-29 30

T

Service

.

P

u..

b

l

i

.'c.',,.:!

J

:

ot '. ~

a
.'

l

.



'

, :,c' ~;/';,.,

6,610 585 '-9';379

II

Managers,

officials and

proprietors, incl. farm

1,979

4

III Clerical and kindred workers

IV Sales vn-kf.rs

0) 0')

V

C1r.attsmen

Foremen and

kindred wOI'kers

28

3

6

1

27

16

1,813
2,535 838

682 4,127

765

2,053 2,529 78 5,143

1,553 975

1,053

514

J
:tQ,937

A,' ,

2,667 2,015 12,783

120 7;7,168

7,218 1,769 1,319

67 1,423 718 12,557

VI ClJ,era.tives and kindred vOlkers.

112

39

15,351k 2,504 2,730

10 1,658

VII
Service wqrkers,
incl. private household

12

2

598

302 2,370

178 11,454

VIII
Laborers except mine

1,962

o

3,667

921 796

43

605

source-: Adapted from Census of Populationand'W1Publish~'data supplied by. the U. S. Dept.

280 '2g,681 764 .15,680 203 8,197

Central

t and 2
.,Agric . Forestry & Fisheries

I
Professional technical &

kindred workers

375

.3
Mining
76

.Table 6B

4-14

.-

Contract.Cdns.:

& MallBtactur'ing

8,273

15-19 .
Transport

'.'..... 2T0r.~.d2e.3:.>~li4D

..

.25
,Insur.

-

29,,30 ...'1',
Se:rvlce'.Ptrbl'io1:'tT()f.al

& Utilities: .. ",';J;i;Real Estate

2,620 1,982

80337,185 3,359 5~,673

II

Managers,

officials and

II

proprietors,

I~, ..

incl. farm

11,786

98

12,102

3,777 26,3686,410

5,921 2,954 69,416

III
Clerical and kindred workers
IV (X) Salesvcrk~rs
"""1
V CJraf'tsmen
Foremen and
kindred wor'kers

166

75

16,918 '11,373 16,159 13,031 11,626 11,.573 8Q',921

,

33

6

'5,595430 32,859 8,174

675

39 47,811

162

;364

48,179

9,801 8,428

560

8,006 4,12479,624"

VI
Of,eratives and
kindred... \rTotkerS"',

670

865

102,1~84 13,88517,44582< 9,332 1,60Bll.~6,J71

VII
Service workers, incl. private
household

73

36

3, 99LI.

1,671 15,138

VIII
Laborers
except mine

11,686

0

2~.,476

5,103 5,085,

Adapted' from

Census ,

of

Population

a

n

d

.

unpu
'.

b

l

i

s

h

e'd

.d

a

t
~,

a

'supplied

.

".

bythet.U.)S.

-

. ' ',-

.:,

'-,

/;",O;;'i,,;:i;'\,i''i;./J ';'):;C'

:t-iOlmtain

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2

3

Agric. Forestry' Mining

& Fisheries

132

52

II Managers, officials and proprietors,
incl. farm

4,148

68

III
Clerical and kindred workers

58

52

Table 6-c

4-14

15-19

20-23 2:~

Ccntract Con1h, Transport. < Tr$.de .,P'1n.,..Insur.

& Manuffilctllring & Utilities'

RH};Estate

25-29 Service

1,830

202 214

. 46

3,564

2,6713
3,743 .

290 2,854 875 1,749

36:8

568

749 1,114

30

T'

PUp1ili:.tota1>

.- . '

238

.

;

i
"

6,2

7

8

209 ,~1.183 I.;,
820 9,160

IV Sales vQ'krs

12

4

:

V

C7.sftsmen

For81ll$D and

kindred wor'kers

57

253

VI
Cl-eratives and kindr-ed workers

236

600

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

26

25

VIII
Laborers except mine

4,112

o

1,238

33 3,556

470

65

3 5,381

10,660

754 912

32.

768 292 13,728

22.677 1.068 1.e88

5

894 114> 27,482

884 5,416

129 1,638 393 550

86

6,176 311 9,275

21

326 83 10,901

source :

Adapted

fromCensusot

PC>pulation and unpublished .

data

supplied.

by the

'.

.'

.

U.
.",

S. .'

De."nt.

Central

I
Professional technical & kindred yorkers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
497

3
Mining
106

Table ~

4-14

15-19

20-23 24

25-29

Contract Cons. Transport. Trade .' Fin., Insur... ;,~ervice

& Manufacturing &_Ut,ill-ti~s

_. Real Estate .....~

30
Public

T T<;>tal

2,339

535 549

133 1:3,461 2,588 20,208

II Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm

15,621

137

III
Clerical and kindred yorkers

220

105

IV Sales vCl'kfrs

4J+

8

3,421 4,783 1,582

772 7,310 1,052

2,323 4,479 88 9,110

2,139 1,342

., "
2,143 2,275 ~,,2., 73.1
4,209 8,916 27,174 I 244 30 12,41+8

(,0
0

V

CF8tsmen

Foremen and

kindred workers

21.5

.511

13,620 2,002 2,336

92 2,898 3,177 ,24,851

VI Of,eratives and kindred wor kers'

888 1,214

28,970 2,837 4,836

13 3,378 1,239 43,37.5

VII Service workers, incl. private household

97

.52

1,129

341 4,196

24l;. 23,325 3,376 32,760

VIII Laborers except mine

1.5,488

0

6,919 1,043 1,410

60 1,231 900 27,051

S!JUrce: Adapted from Census. of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U.

West Central

I
Professional
teclmical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries
91

3
Mining
6

Table 6-F

4-14

- 15-19

20-23 24

25-29, 30

Contract Cons. Transp<>rt.Trade .' Fin., Insur. Service. Public

& Manufacturing ".~ Utilities

Real.-..Esta~_.

T'
Total

1,161

213

243

76

5', 892507;~,189

II

Managers,

officials and proprietors, incl. farm

,\'.

;1

2,872

8

1,699

307 3,237

606

938 446 !O,113

t., ,

!
III

Clerical and kindred workers

40

6

2,374

925 1,984 1,232

1,8421,747 10,150

IV
_ Sales vcrkers

l.O...

V

C7attsmen Foremen and kindred workers

VI
OI-era.tives and kindredwOI kers

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

8

1

785

35 4,034

773

107

6 '5,749

39

30

6,762

797 1,035

53

1,269 622 10,607

164

71

14,,38,3

1,129 2~142

8

1,479 243 19,619

18

3

561

136 '1,858

140 10,211 661 13,588

VIII
Laborers except mine

2,848

o

3,435

415

624

34

539 176 8,071

Source ~ ,' Adapted from Census of Population

East Central

Table 6-G

I Professional technical & kindrea workers

1 and 2

3 4-14

- 15-19

Agric.< Forestry Mining Contract Cons. ,;Transport.

& Fisheries

& Manufacturing , & Utilities

.

184

12

941

231

20-23 24

25-29

Trade .. Fin,_,InS'\.1I'e " Service

Real Estate '

30

T,'

Publicr.rQtal

'i, .

'

, ,

24J.

70

6,077 529 8;285

II-

Managers, officials and

proprietors, incl. farm

5,793

15

1,376

334 3,200

556

:' '"
i1'';1
968 465 12',707

III
Clerical and
kindred workers

82.

12

1,924

1,004 1,963 1,129

1,900 1,823 9,837

IV

Sues vc;rkrs

D

t-)

V

C~smen
Foremen and

kindred wOI'kers

VI
~eratives and
kindred workers

16

1

636

38 3,991

708

110 ' 6 5,506

80

.56

329,

133

5,479

865 1,024

11,,654

1,226 2,119

49, 1,308 650 '9,511

7

1,525 253 17'?46

VII

Service workers,

incl. private

household

36

6

4.54 _ 148 1,839

128 10,.530 690 13,831

VIII

Laborers except mine

.5 ,744



2,783,

451

618

32

"'-.:,:::;,':~'.,/;';,:",:~

A.dapted from Census of Population and data u.np. ub..l-i-:s-~,. . . supplied by the U.
:,} :::;,'~;": :i.f~~;,;;;";' .: ; ; .. ,

556 184

Source :.Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished data supplied by the U.

1960

Coastal (SavannwL)

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry
& Fisheries
...,
{

3 Mining
1

Major Occupation Table

Table ~-2

4-14

15-19

Contract Cons. Trans2 ort

&Manufacturing &Utilities

20-23 24 Trade "Fin., Insur.
. Real Esta.te

25-29 Service

728

366 207

73 4,404

30 Public
360

T Tot,al '
JI!
6,~'t~6

IT

Managers,

officials and , proprietors, incl. farm

,

232

1

1,065

529 2,758

584

702

317 6,f,'"'8u

III

1"
I l

Clerical and kindred workers

3

1

1,488

1,593 1,690 1,188

1,377 1, 2t~O 8,5'80

IV
Sales va-kErs
V
,I CF:oF'raemtsemn enand kindred workers
VI (4.erati..ves and kindred vorkers
VII Service workers, incl. private household

2

0

3

4

13

10

2

1

492

60 3 ,L~37

745

80

4 4,820

4,238 1,373 882 9,016 1,945 1,825

51

9t!-8 4lt2 7,9L~

7

-,- 1 TO~ ./

172 14,.093

351

23L.l 1,583

136 7,632 470 10,409

VIII Laborers except mine

230

0

2,153

715 532

33

403 125 4,191

Source: Adapted fro~ Census of Population and unpublished datasu2plied by the U. S. De~t. of Labor

(.0
.c..~,,' "".~ c:lC) _~.c ...~~_." "~_,, ~_ "

1960

North Centro.1 (Atlanta)

1 and 2

:3

Agric. Forestry Mining

& Fisheries

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

64

25'

Table 6B-2

4-14

- 15-19

Contract Cons. , ' ,Tran~port.

& Manufacturing & Utilities

20.-23 '24

25-29

TrE;.de .. Fin., Insur ..,,:Service

Real Estate"

30

,'T

Public ,Total.," ,'

' , ' .;'~.

'r>

_',~_-.~.,-->

4,405 2,029 1,406

663 24,864 2,593 36~049

II Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm

2,017

33

6,!W+

2,925 18,708 5,289

,), I~
3,959 2,280 4]),'655

III
Clerical and kindred workers

28

25

9,009 8,807 11,4.64- 10,751 7,774 8,935 56',793

...... IV Sales va'kErs

U)

V

U) C!'af'tsmen

Foremen and

kindred wOI'kers

VI
OI-eratives and kindred, WOIkers-

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

VIII
Laborers " except mine

6
28
114
13 2,000

2 123 292' 12
o

' 2,980

,333 23,313 6,744

451 30 33,,859

25,655 7,590 5,979 54,573 ra,752 12,377

462 . 5,353 3,184" 48,374 66 6,2401, 2L12, 85,,656

2,127 .1,295 10,740 1,228 4-3,084 3,384 61,883

13,033 3,952 3,608

301

2,274 902 26,070

Adapted from Census of Population and ur.~ublished data i:H4,tJ,tJ.1;.J.t'U

1960

\'lest Central (Columbus)

r
Professional..
teclmical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. FOl estI'~ &. Fisheries
6

1, Mining
4

'Table 6F-2

4-14

15:-19

Contract Consr- Transpor.t.

& Manufacturing. &.- Utilit~s

535

126

2.Q.-2J 2l;._

25-29

Trade. .. Fina-J- Insur. Service Real Est'ate -

151

55 3,351

, .'
30 - 't:
Public T-, otal
~!
371 -4,599

IT Managers, officials and pr.oprietors, i:ncl:.... farm
III
Clerical and.. kindred-workers '

184

5

_.. 3 .

4

782 1,094

182 2,005 548 1,229

436 886

,
534 326 ,'4,454
l' . l'
'"
1,048 1,278 6,090

IV

S-ares 1(CTk~rs

....

0

V

.... ~tsmen

Foremen and

Idndredworkers

1-

0

3

16

362-

21 2,498

556

3,116

472 641

38

61

4 I 3' ,503

722 455 5,463

VI fl.eratives and kindred wOrkeFtr-

10

40

6,.628,

669 1~326

5

841- 178 9,697

VII
Serv:ice workers, i.ncrJ:. priYate household'

1-

2

I

258

81 1,150

102 5,807 484 7,885

VITI Laborers except mine

r82

0

1,583

246 387

25

,306 130 2,8,59

East. c.entral (Auguata)

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries
9

3 Mining
5

Table 6G-2

4-14

15-19

20-23 24

Contract Cons. Transport. Trade .' Fin., Insur.

& Manufacturin~ & Util~t_1.~s .

Real Estate

25-29 Service

443

133 130

48 3,330

30
Public
318

T Total
4,416

II Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm
III Clerical and kindred workers

270

6

4

4

6~.8

191 1,728

382

\.
530 279 4,034

'i'

lIi,):, .

906

575" 1,060

776 1,041 1,094 5,460

"~- IV

Sales va-kEors

~

o
N

V

C7af'tsmen

Foremen and

kindred workers

1

o

4

22

300 2,580

22 2,155

487

496 553

33

60

4

I
3,029

717 390' 4,795

VI
OI,.eratives and kindred workers

15

52

5,488

702 1,J..4l+

5

836 152 $,394

VII
Service workers, incl. private
household

2

2

214

85 993

89 5,770 414 7,569

VIII
Laborers except mine

268

o

1,310

258 334

22

305 110

Source: Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished da~a supplied by the U. S. Dept. or I;abor

2,607

1970
state
I Professional
technical &
kindred workers

Ma!orQccupationcTable ,.

c
1,ilff!?{

Table 25

3 4-14

- 15-19

Agric. Forestry ~'":Mining Contract Cons. . Transport.

& Fisheries

-:::c~ .' & Manufacturing & Utiliti~s

20-23 24
Trade .' Fin., In:;;ur. _Real Estate

25-29
Service

:;0 T I;'
Public Total
.. ;#-

1,852

283

32,483

6,794 5,831

J"
2,246 119,350 12,210 181~049

IT Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm
III
Clerical and kindred workers

38,64.2 351

615

337

34,120 47,970

8,782 74,715 19,679 26,039 46,543 35,045

17,370 10,734 20.4,393
,1
~j ,
,I~'.
43,490 34,971.235,010

-- IV Sales vcrktrs

168

23

16,116

1,022 90,978 21,594

2,026' 316 132,243

.....

V

~ CJ'aftsmen

Foremen and

kindred wOI'kers

VI
OI-eratives and kindred-wor kers

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

842 1,375 2,315 3,073

261

134

139,061 22,642 26,240 1,540. 23,491 13,868 229,059

291,657 33,39050,407

179 24,525 4,6864LO,232

11,205

3,397 42,890 3,965 190,426 16,120 268,398

VIII
Laborers except mine

39,493



56,909 11,544 13,664

834 10,344 2,933 135,721

Source: Adapted from Census of Population and unr:;;.blished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

1970

Coastal

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
6Lj_

:3
Mining
4

Table ..1..!

4-14

15-19

Contract Cons. Transport.

& Manufacturing & Utilities

2,137

505

2~2J "'24

25-29

Trade " Fin~, Insur.. Service

Rea!" Esta'ee

347

143 8,718

JOT': .
Public:Total9""<
< . :.~\; -
J!!
85812,7':16

II
Managers, officials and proprietors,
incl. farm

1,343

5

2,245

653 '4,449 1,252 1,269 755' 1:1,971

III
Clerical and kindred workers

21

5

3,156 1,935 2,772 2,229 3,177 2,459 15,7$4

IV Sales vO"k~r~
v
OJoB.ftsmen
Foremen and kindred workers

6

1

29

17

1,060

76 5,418 1,373

9 ,Jl~,8

1,603 1,563

98

VI
C+er-atives and kindred workers

80

35

19,186 2,481 3;002

11

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

9

1

737

252 2,554

252

VIII
Laborers except mine ,

1,374

o

3,743

857

81L~

53

~1"\"I''''f'Cl: Adapted fro::n.CensusofPopulation and un?ublished data supplied by the U. S.

148 22 8,104
1,716 975 15,229 1,791 329 -26,915 13,910 1,133 18,848
756 207 7,804

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
291

3 Mining

Table 7B
4-14 Contract Cons. & Manufacturing

77

16,377

15-19 Transport. & Utilit~es
4,166

20-23 24

25-29.

.Trade .' Fin., Insuz-.) ,Service

Real Estate "e., "".

3,212 1,413 58,415

30 '!

Public Total

,~

I



4,980 88,,931,

II Managers, officials and pr oprietors, incl. farm
III
Clerical and kindred workers

6,080

96

97

92

17,202 5,386 41,150 12,379 2l.~,185 15,96925,634 22,045

,.
8,502 4,378 9i"t-" 173
f
, I., ,
21,286 14,265 123.,573"

IV
Sales wcrk~rs

2,6

6

8,125

62} 50,107 13,583

992 12973',595

V CFaf'tSIIlen Foremen and kindred workers
VI
OI-eratives and Kindred. wOI.kers
VII
Service workers, incl. private household

132 375

:":>'6.-:J:>

839

70,111 13,886 14,452 147,46 20s477 27,762

969 11,497 5,657.117,079 112 12,004 1,912 210,517

41

37

5,650 2,083 23,622 2,494 93,202 6,575 133,704

VIII

Laborers

except mine

6,215



28,693 7,079 7,526

525 5,062

Srurce: Adapted from Cen~us of Population and unpu.blished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

. 1,196 56,296

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
116

.3 Mining
5L~

Table..19. 4-14 Contract Cons. & Manufacturing
3,213

15-19 Transpor'tf. & Utilities
252

20-2.3 2.~

25-29 30

T

Trade" Fin.;, Insl,lr.. , ,Service Public ..Total. . '.' .

Real E s t a t e " : ' ..

,,

>:. --.~,': '': t

j'r

275

63

4,562 276'a,,811

II Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm
III Clerical and kindred workers

2,421,

66

39

6l~

3,375
4,7~4

326 3,526 965 2,196

554 986

664 1,662

242

J ,I'
;'
*1,174

"", I

.'.

790 I i,L1;1+'6.":

IV Sale.s vcrkers

11

4

1,594 .

38 4,293

608

77

7 '6,632

V
Cl'dtsmen Foremen and kindred wor'kers

53

260

13,754

839 1,238

43

898 313' 17,398

VI O{..eratives and kin.c:ll:ed.vOI k e r s

14$ 582

28,846 1,238 2,379

,5

937 106 3~,238

VII Service workers, incl. private household

16

26

1,108

126 2,024

112 7,278 365 11,050

VIII Laborers except mine

2,473

o

5,629

428

c, 1#.1,

23

396 66 9,659

Sourc~: Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished data supplied b:t the U. S. Dept. of Lahol'
....
........ ~

Southern

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
651

3 Mining
22

Table 7D
4-14 Contract Cons. & Manufacturing
2,772

15-19 Transport. & Utilities
653

20-23 24

2;-29:W

T.

Trade "Fin., Insur. Service P-t.l.bl~tc Total

,Real Estate

..

JI,

608

157 13,491 1,223 19i577

II Managers, officials and propr:letors, incl. farm

13,578

27

III
Clerical and kindred workers .

216

26

2,912
4, 09L~

8~ 7,793 1,373 2,504 4,855 2,~1+5

1,963 1,075

2~J'j565
I) ,

Ii}

, I I.

,

4,916 .3,502 22,558

IV Sales waitErs

59

2

1,375

98 9,490 1,507

I

229

32 1~,792

V
C7.attsmen Foremen and kindred workers

296 107

VI
OI-eratives and ki nared workers

81L~

23'9

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

92

10

VIII
Laborers except mine

13,876

o

11,868 2,177 2,737 24,89I 3,210 5,258

107. 2,655 1,389 21,336

12

2.772 469. ~~~665

956

327 L~,J.~74

4,857 1,110 1,425

277 21,526 1,614 29,276 59 1,169 293 '22,789

Sonrce:Adaptedfrom Census of Populatianand un::ublished da..ta supplied by the U. S. De-::'t.. of Labor'
....
o
'I

1970

Central

I
Professional ;technical & kindred workers

1 and 2
Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries
458

Table 7E

3 4-14

15-19

Mining Contract .Cons. Transport.

. _U1amrfacttU'j.ng _& Utilit,j.es

108

~-, 275

569

2~23. 24

25-29

Trade;. Fin., Insur. Service

1ie.al Estate

703

264 17,882

30

T

Public, Total

J/!
3,363 21,622

Ir
Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm
III
Clerical and kindred workers

9,561 134 152 128

4-,~-91
6,313

736 9,007 2,312 2,181 5,611 4,118

2,602

2,956

,\'.
;'
3~' 799 , 1 I' \,' ,

6,516

o/

'

6y:' "-

34,651

IV
Sales vc,rkE.rs

42

9

2,121

,86 10,968 2,537

30L~

87 16',,154

V
C:raftsmen Foremen and kindred workers

208 525

18,302 1,897 3,163

131 3,520 3,820 31,616

VI
~eratives and kindred workers

573 1,172

38,385 2,797 6,077

21

3,674 1,291 -53,990

VII
Service workers, incl. private household
VIII
Laborers except mine

65

51

9, r(70

0

1,475 7,490

285 5,170 965 1,647

L!-66

?8'- ,:;[)'.'.')0 ]-,j-' LIll'I-0 ~_O,402

98

1,550 808 22,328

Sonrc'3 ~ Adapted from Census of Population and unpublished da~a supplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor
....
o
Q)

vlest Central

1 and 2
Agric. Forestry & Fisheries

I

Professional

technical &
kindrea workers

83

Table IE..
3 4-14'
l-lining Contr,act Cons. & Manufacturing

6

1,750

1;-19

20-23 ~4

25-29

Transpo:t"'t. TI'E,.de ,. Fin. I InS'\.lr. ,Sel;'vice

& Utilities',

Real E.stat e '

316

329

125 8,196

.

'"

30

T

Public Total

'

..

iI!
699 11',504

IL Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm
III Clerical and kindred workers

1,737

8

28

8

1,839 2,585

409, 4,213 1,092 1,212 2,624 1,944

1,193

'(
I
615 11;',106.
l'I'.'" , ,

2,986 2,00} 13',390

IV Sales wa'k~rs

8

1

I

868

48 5,130 1,198

139 18 7,410

V
Crdtsmen Foremen and kindred 'Workers

38

31

7,494 1,054 1,480

85 1,613 794,12,589

VI
O{..eratives and kindred-warkers

104

68

15,717

1~554 2,842

10 1,684 268 .22,247

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

12

3

60~.

158 2,418

220 13,077 923 17,415

VIII
L~borers
except mine

1,775

o

3,066

538

770

46

-S"U'ce: Adapted from Census of Population and unrt:blished data supplied by the U. S. De~t. o 1.0

710 . 169 7,074

~
1970

East Central

1 and 2

Agrc; Forestry

&- Fisheries

I

Professional

teclmical &

kindred workers

172

Table- .:Jl.~

:t 4-14

15-19

2.0-23 2.4-

11ining . Contract Cons. Transpor::t. Trade .. Fin., Jnsur~

& Manufacturing- =8 U:tJ.Jiti~~~~__ _ Reat-Estate

25-29 Sel'vice

12

1,976

341~

360

86 8,127

:;0

. T ..

Publ:Lc Total

810 11;:887

II Managers,officials and pr.opriert.ors,
incl. farm
III Clerical and kindred workers-

3,591

15

57

14

2,-075

L~il~l'.l"?

4 ,-6-1,0/

755

2,918 -- 1,319 2,877 1,345

1,183 2,962

712 2,319

1 3,,',. .3 9 5
,r
13~811

IV- . Sales va-kITS
v
Cnr-tsmen Foremen and kindred workers

16

1

78

58

980

52 5,624

8,459 1,147 1,622

829

138 21 7,661

I

59 1,600 920 13,943

VI
Opera-tives and kindred wurkers

215 129

17,741 1,691 3,116 _

7

1,670 111 ~,880

'IlL Service workers, incl. private household

24

6

682

172 2,.651

152 12,967 1,069 17,723

VIII
Laborers except mine

3,670

o

3,462

585 845

32

704 194 9,492

Source:
........
o

Adapted fro::n Census- of Population and ur.~llblished data s'.lpplied by the U. S. Dept. of Labor

1980

state

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agi-i.c. Forestry & Fisheries
1,593

M'afcrOCcupation Table'; ."

Table ..!~

3 4-14

15-19

Mining Contract Cons. Transport.

.& ManufacJillrinK._& Utilities

318

53,696 8,751

20-23 24

25-29 30

Trade .. Fin., Insur . Sel'Vice Publ~_c

Real E$tate

7,716 3,402 169,199' 19,508 264~'183

rr
Managers, officials and proprietors, incl. farm

23,123 358

43,719

9,702 98,402 32,490 22,579 14,81l-5 24~,~218

III
Clerical and kindred workers

411 418

,
61,726 28,370. 62,657 51,459 71,374 40,137 316~552

IV -Sales vCTkrs

144 26

21,089

1,141 116,994 31,147

2,756 398 173,695

V
C1"attsmen
Foremen and
kindred workers

6613 1,493

182,014 24,984 37,790 2,302 30,380 17,867297,498

VI
Of,eratives and kindred 'Workers

1,542 3,1'93

377,250 38,122 613,189

2IT .,27,623. 5,160521,296

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

170

11-!1.-

14,357 3,247 $6,475 5,794 248,608 22,640 351,435

VIII
Laborers except mine

23, 73L~

o

:r:'J~(,e,:....6:.::.>..

12,503 16,594

1,102

13,959 3,778 128,935

Snurce: Adapted from Census of Population and ur..}jublished date. .s~pp1iedby the U. S. Del=lt. of Labor

1980

Coastal

I
Professional
teclmica1 &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
63

3

- Table 8A
4-14

Mining Contract Cons.

_& Manufacturing

5

3,333

15-19

20-23 24-

25-29

Transport. Trade .' Fin., Insur. Service

& Uti.litie~L__~_Real E s t a t e --------------- ------~-.- -~ -

,---

~

--~

;0" Public

T Total

570 377

n.
202 11,585 1,435 17,;570

Ir
Managers, officials and propriet'ors, incl. ,farm
III Clerical and kindred workers

915

6

16

6

2,714 3,831

632 4,813 1,930 1,848 3,065 3,056

1,546

1,092

I
13~648
.~j ,
I~ ,,

4,887 2,952 19,661

IV Sales VCTkrs
;;:-' V "5'Jl'attsmen
Foremen and kindred wOI'kers

6

o

1,309

74 5,723 1,850

189 30 9,181

26

23

11,298 1,627 1,848

137 2,080 1,314-18,353

VI OI-eratives and kindred workers

61

50

23,417 2,48.3 3,336

13 1,891 380 31,631

VII
Service workers, incl. private household

7

2

891

211 2,763

344 17,022 1,665 22.905

VIII Laborers except mine

939

o

3,555

814 812

65

956 278 7,419

Source: Adapted from Census of Population and 'I.1r.pUblished data supplied by the U. S. Dept. or Labor-

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries
156

3 Mining
74

4-14
Contract Cons.
&Manufacturing
27,933

15-19

:20-.2.3 .~24

25-29 ]0 ,

Transport. Tr5.de .' Fin., Insur . Service Pablic"

&Utilities

Real Est5.te

iii

5,593

4,537.

2,186 87,969 8,3'93

136,841

II
Managers, officialsmui proprietors, incl. farm
III
Clerical and kindred workers
IV Sales vcrkErs
........ V
to) C~aftsmen
Foremen and . kindred wor'kers

2,259 40 14
65

(
t

83

22,743

6,200 57,862

20,878

11,739 6,j8~ 128,151

!

96

32,111

18,131 36,844

33,-067 37,-108 17,267 174,664

I

6

10,.971

729 . 68,795

20,015

1,4-33 171 102,134

344

94~687

15;9'67

'22,221 _. 1;486

15,.795 7,667 158,246

VI Of.eratives and kindred workers

151

736

196,251

24,364 40,096

140 14-,362 2,220 278,320

VII

Service workers,

incl. private

household

17

33

7,469

2,07-5 33,209

3,723 12'9,255 .. 9,740 185,521

VIII
Laborers -except minE""

.... .2.,319

0

.29.. 790

7,992

'9~758-

107

"7,2S7 - 'l~~u) 59,449

.'source: Adapted fr~.Census of.P.opulation and unpublished data supplied~r the U. S. Dept. of Labor

Moun.t:ain
I Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric. Forestry &. Fisheries
87

Table ~.
:3 4-14
Mining, Contract Cons.
& Manufactur~

54

5,075

15-19 Transpori;. &.. Utilities
30&.

20-23 24

25-29

Trade .,Fin., Insur. Sel'vice

Rea! Estat~ .

336

84

5,908

;0 ,T
:Public 'Total
JI;-
361 " 12,213

II Managers, offi.cials and. proprietors, incl. farm

1,258

61

4,132

342

4,285

.J
"

806

788 275 !&{ . 11,947

III

CIeri-cal and

kindred worker:s

22

71

5,834

IV Sales llcrk~rs

8'

4

1,994

.... V

:;: C!!dtsmen

Foremen and

kindred workers

. 36

253

17,204

999

2.., 728,

40

5,095

~219
773

2,492 96

743 14,168 I 7 8,017

880

1,646

57

1,062 331 21,469

VI
~eratives and Idi1dred .workers

84 .

54L'

15,6511..

1:.341

2.%9

965

96 41,661

VII

Service workers,

incl. private

household

9

24

1,357

114

2,459

144

8,681 420 13,208

VIII Laborers except mine

1,291



5,413

1980 /
'sou~

I 'rofessiona1 ,eclmical & ,; :indrea workers

1 and 2. Agric. Forestry & Fisheries
676

:3
luning
Z7

Table 8D.

4-14

15-19

COI)tract,.Co~s.-: Tfansport.. & Manufac tmlng & Utilities

4,.50~

787

20-23 24
Tr&de "Fin., rnsur~ -" ", ltea1'Kstate

707-

209

--- 25-29 30

T

Service Fubl:l.c Total

'.'

-,,- !

17.$3 1,779

~!,
16;'28T

II 1anagers, )fficials and lroprietors, '.ncl. farm
III aerical and dndred workel's

9,806 174

31
, 36'

3,.668 5',179

872

9,022

2,551

5,745

1,996 3,162

2,348 1,354' 7~421 3,65.9-

J
2~'~097 ~'
,, ,
i
27,927

IV 3a1es vakeTs-
v
}l'af'tsmen ~oremen and kindred workers
VI
~eratives and ' Kindred;'~CIkers"

6L

2-

1,76'1

lOT 10,726

1,914

287

36 14,,898

283
654--

UfL

15,272

274

3l.,.652-

2,~

3,465

3+428

6,252

141 - 3,159 1,629 26,324

13-

~8.12_, 470 45,615

VIr

Service-workers,

incl. private household

n

12

1,205

292

5,178

356

25,850 2,064 35,029

VIII
Laborera except mine

10,066-

o

4-,805

1,125

1,520

68

1,451

345 19,380

Sonrce: Ada~ted f'r('~, Census of Population and un:;:ubI'tshed data, supplied'Oy' the 0".5. 'Dei,)t. of LCi001'

1980

Central

1 and 2 Agric Forestrv
& Fisheries"

I Professional

technical &

kindred workers

379

3 Mining
137

Table 8E

4-14

--

Contract Cons.

& Manufacturing

6,943 .

15-19 Transport. & Utilities
641

20-23 24

Trade

"

Fin., Real

InEsstuar!"-~

857

432

25-2? 30 ,. "T .'. SerV1.ce Pab_:'-c Tot~
,

23,903'5,032

". 3,8,324

IL

Managers,

, officials and

proprietors,

.,

incl. farm
III
Clerical and

5,479

154

5,653

710

10,926

4,124

3,190

3.,830
-

,'34,066
;1
,1'
'.

kindred workers

97

180

7,981

2,077

6,957

6,534

10,083 10,353 44,262

IV

I ?a1as wcrkErs
I

II

V

C!'atsmen

I Foremeri. and

I kindred workers

I VI

i OI-eratives and

kindred workers

34

11

158

642

3:65

1,372

2,727 .23,535
48,.779-

84

12,990

1,829

4,196

2,79L

7,57L

3,954

390' 103 120,293

292

4,292 4,609'39,553

2.&,.

3,902 1,331 ~6,139

VII
Service workers, incl. private

household

40

61

1,856

238

6,270

736

35,1215,841 50,163

VIII
Laborers
except mine

5,624

0

7,404

916 . 1,842

140

1,972

975 18,873

Source: Adapted from Census of Population and l.u1publisheddata supplred by the U. s. m~pt. of Lo.ool' ,

1980

west Central

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2 Agric v Forestry
&Fisheries
68

Table !m...

3

4-14

15-19

Mining Contract Cons. Transport.

_& Manufacturing_.1t_ Uti:Lities

9

2,446

415

20-23 24

25-29

Trade o. Fin., Insur $ervice

Real. Estate

417

186

11,359

:;0
Public
1,108

',
T Total .
;/'[
16;008

II

Managers,

officials and

proprietors,

inc!. farm

973

III

Clerical and

kindred workers

17

10

1,992

460

5,316

1,778

1,516

. 843 '1< 12,888
1
.I'..

11

2,812

1,344

3,385

2,816

4,792 2,280 17,457

IV Sales lICTkErs

6

1

961

54

6,320

1,705

185

23

9,255

V

CF.at:t;smen

Foremen and

kindred workers

28

40

8,292

1,184

2,041

126

2,039 1,015 14,765

VI

OI-eratives and

Ri11dred . workers

65

87

17,186

l,.a0.6

1,,6.8.4

U

1,854

294 24,988

VII

Service workers,

incl. private household

7

4

654

154

3,051

317

16,690 1,286 22,163

VIII Laborers except mine

999



2,609

593

896

60

937

215

6,309

Source: Adapted frC';u Census of Population and unpublished date. supplied by tbe U. S. De?t ... of L~:too}:
........
""3

1980

East Central

I
Professional
technical &
kindred workers

1 and 2
Agric. Forestry
&Fisheries
145

3
Mining 13

.Table -B1i 4-14 Contract Cons. & Manufacturing
3,482

15-19
Transport.
&Utilities
452

20-23 24
Trade .' Fin., Insur. Real Estate

488

107

25-29
Service
10,924

,;\.... ~. ""iIl
Public
1,399

T Tot81.
J/ ~
17,010

IT
Managers, officials and proprietors, incl.farm
III Clerical and kindred workers

2~109
37

14

2,835

500

6,220

1,018

1,458 1,064

I
rl"S,218
.t' "

17

4,003

1,464

3,960

1,612

4,608 2,878 18,579

IV
-Sales wc;rkrs

13

1

1,368

59

7,395

976

178 '.' 29 10,019

V
C7aftsmen Foremen and kindred workers
VI
Okeratives and kindred workers
VII Service workers, incl. private household
VIII
Laborers except mine

61
~40
15 2,163

60

11,803

1,289

2,387

1Z8

241-463

r,9'67

4,310'

6

930

0

3,713

168

3,570

645

1,049

n

1,961 1,281 18,914

. 7,.

1~783

370 33,168

182

16,051 1,623 22,545

i

34

901

271

8,776

S01lI'Ce ~ Adapted frC'"u Cem'us of Population and unpublished data _~upplied by the U. S. Dept, of Labor
..........
(X)

.--.



.
~.

The Changing Occupational Structwe

Changing patterns of. employment in Georgia coupled with tech-

nologlca11nnovations have resulted in a revised occupational mbe.

The 1950-1980 summary data for the State as a whole are shown in

Table 27.

Of primary importance for this study is the fact that the groups

that have shown the most rapid growth-professional and technical,

clerical, and sales workers-are also those groups which demand more

in the way of outdoor recreational services. Furthermore, these same

higher skilled and better paid occupational groups will continue to

grow more rapidly than the lower skilled and less affiuent occupations.

Professional, technical, and kindred workers should increase most

rapidly, followed by clerical and sales workers.

The regional tables show that these occupational trends have been

fairly uniform throughout the State. Future projections also indicate

similar trends.

119

Adapted .from Gensus,01" Population and unpublished data supplied by the United states Department 01" Labor

..-.-.



..
~.

Increase in Leisyre TirM

The national ORRRC study report projected a decrease in the annual

hours of work for each employee in the Atlanta area on an annual basis of 109 hours for the period 1960-1970.13 Approximately two-thirds of this

decrease was attributed to a projected reduction in the average work

week, and the remainder was ac.counted for by increased vacations and

paid holidays. By occupation the greatest declines were projected for

farmers and service workers, primarily because of their relatively

longer work week at the beginning of the period.
\
More recent studies at the national level indicate a similar reduc-

tien in the total decrease in hours of work, but they do project a different

allocation of leisure time. To summarize briefly, little reduction in the

average work week is forecast--perhaps one or two hours per week.

However, an increase in paid holidays and in paid vacations may add

two or three additional weeks of leisure time for the average worker by

1980.

ReductiOn in the Average Work Week

The average work week has declined by approximately one-th1rd since 1890, from 61.9 hours in that year to 40.7 hours in 1963. 14

130RRRC Study Report, Pro1ection to the Years 1976 and 2 ,OOQ; p. 63.
14National Commission on Technology, Automation and Economic Progress, Appendbc Vols. 1-6, PP. II-33S-n-394. Ibid., p. n-32S-n-329 Unpublished data from BLB, U.S. Dept. of Labor.
121

Total-We -t1ri1e-dtirJ.Qg-thls periOd- increased by approximately 1,220 hours per year. Of this amount the shortened work week accounted for I, 100 hours. However, in recent years this factor has been diminishing in importance. The sharpest drop occurred between 1900 and 1920, when the average work week fell from 60.2 to 40.7. During the next two decades the decline was 5.4 hours but between 1940 and 1960 it fell by only 3.5 hours. Furthermore, most predictions of future work week changes indicate only small declines for the next two decades, which probably will not exceed two hours per week by 1980.
It is anticipated that this reduction in the work week will not be evenly spread among the several industries. Those groups that will show the greatest decline are expected to be those such as farmers that now work a longer-than-average week. Since these occupational groups are also declining in relative importance this factor should not add significantly to the demand for outdoor recreational facilities.
Another developing trend concerning the average work week is very important for the planning of leisure time activities. Because of the many "fixed costs" associated with a working day such as money and time spent in commuting it is likely that future reductions in the work week will be utilized to provide more days off and longer weekends rather than shorter working days. For example, a 36-bour work week could mean a three day weekend every two weeks, a development that would certainly increase the demand for recreational services.
122

- ".'

~-.

"---~"

Paid Vacation Time and Paid Holidays

In contrast to a widespread resistance to a reduced work week a

gradual increase in vacation time is certainly to be expected. According

to aU. S. Department of Labor study, in 1940 only about one-fourth

of all union members (in a smaller proportion of other employees)

received annual vacations with pay, and for most the maximum vacation"

period was only one week. The average number of paid holidays was

about two per year, although some workers received additional holidays

Without pay.

The post-war period has seen a great expansion in paid holidays

and paid vacation time. Vacations of three, four, and five weeks have

become the established standard for longer-service employees in many

industries, and the number of paid holidays has increased to six or

more. These developments are 1n1:erpreted by most observers to reflect

a genuine desire by employees for leisure time in sufficient quantity to

permit longer periods of leisure activity. Consequently, increased paid

holidaye and paid vacations are expected to add two or three additional

weeks of leisure for the average worker by 1980.

To summarize, several trends seem apparent in the future creation

and distribution of leisure time in the period to 1980. First, only a small

reduction in the average work week, perhaps one or two hours per week Is

foreseen. Second, a redistribution of work hours are likely to increase

the number of days off enjoyed by the employee. Third, the growing

123

. . -~-~.:
number of paid hol1days and increased weeks of paid vacation time will probably add two or three additional weeks of leisure time for the average worker. All of these developments tend to greatly increase the need for additional recreational facilities.
124

... ~:
APPENDlX

.--- ~:

APPENDDC

HOW THE ESTIMATES WERE DERIVED

Current Employment Estimates

Complete and consistent state and sub-state employment data 'I .;
issued at frequent intervals are essential in the formulation of many

types of public policy decisions, including an estimation of demand for

present and future outdoor recreational services. Although upon super-

tcial examination it would seem that such regional estimates of employ-

ment by industry would be quite easy to obtain, to the contrary, they

are practically non-existent. This appendix presents the very simple

method that was utilized to calculate current Georgia employment

estimates to help fill this employment need. The method can be extended

to include any area or state.

Sources of emPloyment Data

(1) Decennial Census of Population Employment data are one of

the many types of information collected by the Bureau of the Census dur-

ing each decennial Census of Population. The data, which are derived

from questiona1res that in 1960 were given to a 25 per cent sample of all

households enumerated, are for the census week which falls in April of

each census year.

There are several basic deficiencies in the Census of Population

employment data. First, they are collected from questionaires filled out

on a self-reporting basis and are subject to all the errors inherent in this 125

.. . -~.~'
type of information gathering. Second, employment is reported by place of residence of the employee. In contrast, most other types of employment data are reported by place of employment. This factor makes direct comparisons somewhat difficult, particularly for smaller areas where in or out-eommuting may be an important consideration. Third, the data are collected for the census week in April and are, therefore, subject to seasonal distortion. For example, in certain regions an agricultural employment may be much more heavUy concentrated in the late summer and early fall. Therefore ,employment figures as reported by the Census of Population would tend to underestimate such an area's true committment to agriculture. Fourth, and perhaps of most importance in the formulation of public policy, the Census of Population is taken at ten year intervals; for intervening periods comparable data are simply not avaUable.
(2) Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Estimates - The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor and cooperating state agencies make estimates of "non-agricultural" employment for states and selected sub-state labor market areas. (Georgia areas for which this data is available for both 1960 and 1965 are Atlanta, savannah, Augusta, Columbus, ana Macon. Data for the Albany area is avaUable for 1960 but not for 1965). These estimates, that do not include employment in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, or in private households, are derived by applying data obtained from a sample number
126

".""

~-.

.

.---~:

-of business firms to benchmark data obtained as a by-product of the

unemployment insurance program.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates of employment by industry

do not agree with those given in the Census of Population for several

reasons. Of most importance is the fact that the two estimates are
It
derived from basically different data sources. Second, there are

differences in occupational definitions. For example, an employee of

the Tennessee Valley Authority would be classified as a worker in the

Utilities Industry by the Bureau of the Census and as a government

worker by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Also of importance, and

particularily when dealing with sub-state areas, is the fact that the

Census of Population employment data are reported by place of employ-

ment rather than by residence of the employee. This tends to distort

comparisons in regions which have significant numbers of workers com-

muting across regional or state lines.

(3) Unemployment Insurance Data Employment statistics are

gathered regularly for firms covered by employment security laws in the

various states as a by-product of unempioyment insurance programs.

These firmsfnc1Ude most manufacturing establishments which have four

or more employees, as well as many firms in other industries. Since

they are collected on the basis of an actual count, the data are very

accurate for the types of firms that are included. Howe,,er, in certain

industries omissions range from significant to almost total. In addition,

127

. . .. ".',

~

-~

~.

--
between two points in time figures may be affected by changes in

employment insurance coverage.

- (4) Pam Labor Estimates of !he U. S, Department of Agriculture

Primarily because of the large number of part-time workers in this

industry, statistics on agricultural emplOYment are plagued by defini-

tional problems and accurate information is very difficult to obtain. On

the basis of a questionaire sent to a sample number of farms, the United

States Department of Agriculture issues state-wide estimates of farm

labor on a monthly basis that by definition includes everyone that works

on a farm either full-time or part-time. A full-time factory worker

engaged in farming for even a few hours a week would be classified

as an agricultural worker under this definition even though agriculture

was definitely not his principal occupation, Family workers are also

counted even though they might 11C;)t be included under the stricter labor

force definition utilized by the United States Department of Labor. In

addition, since the estimates are of farm employment and not of the .

number of farm employees, a farm laborer who worked on several different

farms could be counted several time

Constructing the Estimates

Of all the sources of emplOyment data those provided by the Census

of Population probably give the most complete picture of regional

employment by industry and, therefore, are most for the present purpose.

However, they do suffer from one important weakness. If economic con-

.~...

..

. _. :.--:.-_--~: . .

_.

ditions are changing rapidly, the absence of comparable emp.!oYment

data between aecenn1a1 Census years can lead to a data gap that

may in turn lead to public polley decisions based on data that are no longer valid. To fnl this need, the sample method outlined in the following paragraphs can be utnized to make reasonable approximations of "census conceptlt employment by industry in a non-eensus year, in

this case 1965. The fkBt step taken in constructing estimates for 1965 was to
eliminate Industry 32-Industry Not Reported, from the Census of Populattoo employment data for 1960 as set forth in Growth Patterns In Employment by County1940-1950 and 1950-1960 by Lowell D. Ashby of the Office of Business Economics, United States Department of

Commerce. Under the assumption that workers who did not report thek industry also did not show a bias towards any particular industry

or group of industries, these workers were allocated to the other 31 industrial categories according to the percentage of total employment in industries 1-31 represented by each indus~. Ashby's data placed 39,800 Georgia workers in the Industry Not Reported In 1960. Of the work"en contained in the other thlrty-one lndustr1al categories, 9.80 per cent worked in Industry 1, Agriculture; 3,400 workers, or 8.90 per cent of the 39,800 workers in the Industry Not Reported category were therefore, allocated to this industry. A similar procedure was followed for the other thirty industries.

129

~-Second~ althOugh employment in the Arm~d Forces is recognized as
having a significant impact in certain areas, this industry has nevertheless been omitted from the current employment estimates and the projections for several reasons. Fust, both the total number in regional distribution of military Personel is generally determined by .factors beyond the scope of most public pollcy decisions at the state level. Second and of para... mount importance, both current figures and any projections for the future
concerning the numbers of military personel stationed within any particular
area are extremely difficult to obtain. For all but three of the thirty remaining classifications which com-
prise civilian employment, changes for the 1960-1965 period were derived by applying rates of change as indicated by Department of Labor data for each industry to the 1960 Census figures. As was discussed above, the Department of Labor figures are not str1ctly comparable to those of the census, however, reasonably comparable categories can be constructed by rearranging the data according to Standard Industrial Classification groupings .15
15See Executive Office of the President, Bureau of the Budget, Standard Industlj.al Classification Manual, (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1967.) Supplement to 57 Edition, Standard Industrial Classification Manual. (Washington: U.S.) Labor Department data by state and for selected by-state labor market areas can be found in U. S. Department of Labor, Employment and Earning Statistics for States and Areas, 1939-65, Bulletin number 1370-3, (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966.) The same data but sometimes in more detail Is often published by the individual states.
lao

'PrOtlf the D-ePaTnnEmt ~f LabOr-data on "non-agricultural" employment
national rates -of chanqe were computed for each of the thirty industrial
tiOuPli'Wi 3XCept Industry I-Agriculture, Industry Z. "'Forestry and
Fisheries, and Industry 26-Private Households for the period 1960-1965. Under the assumption that the corresponding industrial groupings used by the Bureau of the Census would have changed by the same percentage the computed rates of change were applied to the 1960 Census of Population employment figures as modified above. For example, according ~ to the Bureau of Labor Statlstices, employment throughout the United States in Industry 7- Apparel Manufacturing, increased from 1,221,000 in 1960 to 1,331,900 in 1965; a change of 110,000 workers. This change of 9.1 per cent was then applied to the modified 1960 Census Employment Figure of 1,206,630 to aaive at a prel1minary estimate for 1965 of 109,803. Preliminary estimates for the other twenty-six "nonagricultural" industries were computed in simllar fashion. Because of the fact that rates of change were applied to somewhat dissirnllar groups. It was necessary to apply a leveling factor to the individual groups so that their total would not exceed the independently computed total employment change.
In order to utUize' the ehare analysis perfected by the Office of
Business Economics of the United States Department of Commerce, it Is essential that the sum of the state totals be equal to the national total; if the analysis is concerned only withonestate it is essential that the
131

;st8te~beailoCat~its proper- proportion of the national total. Therefore,
Georgia was allocated a portion of the national change in II nonagricultural" employment based on Bw-eau of Labor Statistics data. Employment change in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and Private Households, three industries not covered by the Labor Department data, was allocated in similar fashion.
For Industry I-Agriculture, data obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture was utilized to estimate agricultural employment in 1965. Total agriculturel employment in the United States was estimated by the Department of Agricultw-e to be 7,151,000 in April. 1960 and 5,544,000 in April of 1965. 16 Total ,/agricultural employment in the United States in April 1960 was estimated by the Bureau of the Census to be 4,440,000 or 61.96 per cent of the Department of Agricul- ".. ture estimate. The simplified and somewhat crude assumption was made that if a census had been taken 1ri 1965 this percentage would have' remained the same. In this way "census concept" agricultural employment inAprll1965 was estimated to be 3,434,809 (5,544,000 X 61.96 per cent) The individual state's proportion of this decline in national agricultural employment of 995,624 was calculated by allocating to the state that proportion of the total indicated by the United States Department of Agriculture data. For the Period 1960-1965 the decline
16United States Department of Labor Farm Labor, January 10, 1961, and March 10, 1966.

in agriQu1tural'~!llJ219.Ymentin~orgia was estimated by the Department of Agriculture to have comprised 3.2 per cent of the United States total. Using this method agricultural employment in Georgia was estimated to have declined by 31.930 workers during the 1960-1965 period to 91.743 "census definition" workers by 1365.
The other two industries that are not covered by Labor Department data, Industry 2 - Forestry and Fisheries and Industry 265-Private Households, were assumed :to have grown or declined in the 1960-1965 period at the same annual rate as they did during the decade of the. ~ 1950'... Each state's portion of this national change was then assumed to be the same proportion that it was during the 1950-1960 period. For example, national employment in Industry 2-Forestry and Fisheries was estimated to have declined by 11,400 workers between 1960 and 1965. During the 1950's Georgia's employment in the same industry declined by 4,589 workers, or 15.3 per cent of the total United States decline of 29, 800. If it is assumed that Georgia's Proportion of the United States change for the 1960-1965 period was the same as it was between 1950 and 1960, then the State's employment in this industry can be estimated to have declined by 1,756 workers during the most recent period.
The state wide totals were allocated to the seven Georgia Recreation regions primarily using data appearing in Georgia Employment and Earnings by Industry 1959-1960 and Georgia Employment and Earnings by
133

These Georgia -Department of Labor figures indicate that approximately 65 per cent of the non-agricultural employment change between April 1960 and April 1965 occurred in the sbc standard metropolitan areas. Therefore, this percentage of the estimated "census definition" employment change for the entJre state was allocated to the sbc areas utilizing these data. The remainder was allocated to the other counties according to their record of employment change during the 1950-1960 period. The change in Industry 1 - Agriculture, Industry 2 - Forestry and Fisheries, and Industry 26 - Private Household Services was also allocated using as a basis the percentage of the state total change that was recorded by each area.17 How the ProJectlopa Were Derived
Once the 1965 estimates of employment were computed then the primary task of making projections of employment for 1970 and 1980 could proceed. The first step was to estimate national employment in 1970 and 1980 based on rates of change in the individual industries furnished by the Regional Economics Division, Office of Business Economics of the United States Department of Commerce. From these
17At the time that the estimates were computed the Census of Agriculture for 1964 was not available. If it had been,a better procedure would have been to allocate the state total change in Agricultural employment between 1960 and 1965 to the sub-state areas on the basis of the employment change indicated by the 1959 and 1964 Census of A9riculture.
134

data the 'G$otg~ ~PiOjeetions-were computed utilizing the Nat~nal
Growth, Industr1a1 Mix, and Regional Share method of analysis. The National Growth component was computed by multiplying the
anticipated growth rate for all employment throughout the United States by the indiviclual industry figures for 1965 (or 1970 for the 1980 projection). Of course, some industries will grow at a more rapid rate or even lose employment. This factor is reflected in the Industrial Mbc component which was computed by multiplying the antfcipated National Growth rate for each industry times the 1965 figures. The rema1n1ng component, Regional Share, was assumed to be the same as it was during the 1960-1965 period when adjusted for a larger national
base. The sum of these three components comprises the total change
for the period in question. The state wide Georgia projections for 1970 and 1980 were then
allocated to the various sub-state areas on the basis of their relative performance during the 1960-1965 period. For example, if an area was estimated to have captured twenty per cent of the total Georgia chaage in employment between 1960 and 1965, they would have been, allocated twenty per cent of the projected state wide . employment change between 1965 and 1970 and between 1970 and 1980.
135

Components of Employment Change

-- ~.

'rable . 2S-A .

Coastal. Roc;ion Industl'7l

GEORGIA
1950
(A)

. Employment i~
1960
(B)

Agriculture, rorestry and Fisheries
(l and 2)
Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, C~unication, and UtUities (15-19)
Tra!=le (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOPAL

8,291 37
26,083
8,663 16,612
2,~.09
19,851 3,305
85,251

4,189 68
33,262
8,782 19,324
3,687 24,990 5,086 99,388

1965
(c)
3,272 62
37,005
8,672 19,945
4,317 28,286 6,008 107,567

Source: See Toxt

'136

Components of El.1pl oJ'1"lent
195-o-2i%o
Chcnces related to

National Grollth
(T)

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries (l and 2)

1,195

Mining

(3)

5

Contract Construction,

Manufacturing (4-14)

3,759

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities (15-19)

1,249

Trade (20-23)

.,
2,39L~

Finance, Insurance, and

Real Estate

(24)

347

Services (25-29)

2,861

Public Administration

(30)

476

.' TotAL

12,286

Industri~l Mix Plus
Resional Sh2.re (E&F)
26
-1,130
318 931 2,278 1,305 1,851

Relative change 1,8.51

Total
Cha.11.ge
(G)
-4,102
31
7,179
119 '2,712
1,278 5,139
1,781
14,137

''137

--. ~.
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction,
Manufacturing (4-14) . Transportation, Commun~cation, 'and Utilities , (lS-19) Trade ' (20-23) Finance, I Insurance, and Real Estate (24) Services (25-29) Public Administration (30) TOfAL

Component3 o~ Employment change

1960-1965
... ChDl1[?;es Related to

National
GrOi-lth (J)

'Industrial; l1ix Plus
Regional Sharo (K&L)

1
:1
Total~
Change ( rf;)

(Totals may not ad,d "J., because of rOWlding
J
HelutivQ Ch:mc;e 707
J
]
'J

'J

.J
.J
138
.1

Components of Employment' Change
.. . . .~:
Table ' 28-B GEORGIA

1 CJSO
(L)

Employmen~. in
c-:n 1 ( "., .-_ /\...fv\

1965
(C)

Agl'iculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(1 and 2)

Mining

(3)

Contract Construction,

~anufacturing

(4-14)

Transportation, Commun~cation,

and Utilities

(l5-19)

Trade

(20-23)

Finance, Insurance, an4

'Real Estate

'1;

(24)

Sorvices

(25-29)

Public Administration

(30)

TOTAL

1, 70!~

162,590

3q "

0".)J1".,.~

96,020

18,157

0")1'78)
~.), I
505,261

2'1",.,

OCl
)/_.

16,)!-37

222,021

,.,
L1.{)

,

6b/ O

30,913
1 '\I() ,~':..",~<':).
29,208 621,319

.~Lr;)'0 , '7j "~10
39,177
176"~91.3
34,722 740,214

30;:1'co: Soc f.i.'cxt

139

Components of Emp]~o:l:mel1.t Chanco
:-~-,,-.-'l56o-1960
Chonges Related 'To

National

Grovrth

(D)

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries (l and '2)

9,088

Mining

(3)

2L~6

Contract Construction,

Manufacturing (4-14) .

23 ,1.~35

Transportation, Communfcation,

and Utilities (15-19)

:r";'J, (:.:>26

Trade (20-23)

. 13,[3110

Finance, Insurance, and

Real Estate (24)

2,617

Services (25-29)

1)!.,633

Public Administration (30)

3,341

TOTAL

~( ,'.). ,0r'2._6

InclustriDl Hi:;: PIus
~[oGicnD.J. ':!.h&re
{ .T-I'\.n_~-17'J
-1,1"t1 ,.1"")1
.i, '20 .)
3:-:' 00/ .-/, .1;0

Total
ChanE?e
(G)
-38,103 184
59,431

l!"OOO
, ?.1-.), (,UJ "! [
- '...0. ,'3();
1c->1l-,,_ , 1.1,-0'-:rJ'
'?- , 0'\.,0) 0I
Lt-3,232

9,626
27~~J!4
12,756 39,058
6,030 116,058

Belative Chm~Ge 43,232

'\
140

Comp<,:>nents of Rilployment Cha..11.ge

.... ~.

.---

.

.
.~:

19bo-1965

_ Chances related to

(Totals na~r not add because of rO~11.ding)
Relative Cba..11.ge 72,180
..... -.
141

"Gomponents of Employment" Change

"~-- =-"!."

~rable'"28-C

}:OLJ_r1:tc.irl I~e:~ion

GIORGIA

Inchu:: 'cr;T Agr,iculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2)
Mining (3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Tr$nsportalion, Commun!cation, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, an4 Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration
(30) . TafAL

1950

(,"t'1.

,
J

20, 1__7/r' 1,118

38,009

3,119
(",) , 6'7I 8'

902

9,826

1

"1::1 ('l
,o~~u

m!.,L~75

Employment iq
19C)O
(D)

, () ..... ( ..~, (;, {u..!_
1, 05L~

LIS,126

3,7LJli-

13 ?6' -

, . . ; ..Co

1,777
I'.";J ,-)j-'7r::.,';
2,070 93,388

1965
(0)
6,235
1,ob7
;..;.,,.;..>. , 1.;.->'9
3,896
1L~,613
2,003 J.2i-,997 2,123 100,093

;_~bl).l"'ce: :~~oe ~Pc:~~;

142

- .-=-'J'

Agl'iculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction,
Manufacturing (4-14) Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19) Trade (20-23) Fipance, Insurance, an~ ~ea1 Estate '(24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TorAL

National GrOi'fth
(D)
2,908 161
5,473
,
.'
1,395
130
1,LI16
238 12,176

,.
Il1.clllstrial IIix PItlS
TIecionc.l Share (Et;l? )
225
175 2,288
2,233
1m:.
- 3,263

Total Change
(G)
-11,394
11,117
625 , 3,683
875
3,649
L..22
8,913

:1e1ativo Gha:'1G0 -3,263

143

r

.";"':.

. G9lil,PQl1.0nt::: of' 1!:nploynontCl1uu[:;O

.~:

196C-19(>5

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2)
Mining (3)
Contract Construction. Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation. Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance. and ~eal Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration
(30)
. TOIAL

::::h::-.n208 Ro1cLtcd to

!JaJcion(.~l
C:1"Ol-rt1; (J)

Jnlh.z-criG.l TIix Plus I~o~:;j. oJ.1.al Shure
(.j-.~~o.L.-;L )

660

-3,206

79

66

Total

i I

Ch .n...n ....rt,;.,,}.'

(1I)' f ,'.j ..)

-2,546 Ji

3,

vt

nl ,
/J..r

2,339

6,033

281
1,005
131.:.
1,013
156 7,022

129

152

2!~7

S7i
-,, 2.;.r/.2:";:,}i

<)1

225 i

.. y

509

1,522

/'

103

. ,~/'.); ,

'), 8
.;-~

6,704..\

\'. 1l
l (Totals nlay not add
bec2.v.s~ of roundin....

Ho1ative Chan~::o -311.3

144

-. Com.ponents of Employment Change

- .--- =-"~".

Tabl."e 28-D'

GEORGIA

SO'c;:.thern D.egion

Employment In

InJ.1':.stry

19.tJO
U\.)

1960
(3)

Agl:icultul:e.

FOl:estl:Y and Fishel:ies

(l and 2)

76,860

Miping

'(3)

31.111-

Coptract Construction.

J'!anufacturing

:(4-14)

31,195

Tr~nsportation. Commu?~cation.

,and Utilities

'(15-19)

9,000

Trllde
,(20-23)

26,185

Fipance t Insul:ance t anf Real Estate

'(24)

2,597

Services

(25-29)

29,679

Pqblic Administration

;(30)

3,864

.' TQTAL

179,724

40,'b,.u()oI
~-33
LI0,655
'10 j 032 31,Ll-03
4,421 39,5.38
8 ,L~04
175,572

Sov~oe: See Text

1965 (0)
32,602 415
46,657
10,',321
33,~li.3
LI,975
44,198 9,070
181,681

145

'" 1 ~C>l1lP-?nent.;.l 0.f.' ."17".:;'.1l.',.p1 0 ".'iIT..J' en+".

~:

-

19$0-1960

<mue vr<.h... r: r.'

ChD..ll.Go::: related to

Agriculture, Fo~e8try and;Fisheries
(1 and 2) Miping
(3)
Contract Construction, t'fanufacturing :(4-14)

Transportation, Communfcation,

,and UtUiUes

..

.(15-19) Trade
(20-23) Finance, Insurance, an4
Real Estate (24)
Se.rvices .. (25-29)

Public Administration (30)
TCYrAL

National
C-routh (D)
11,078 50
4,L~96
1,297
3, 77L~
37J.!-
4,278 558
25,905

Industrial Hix Plus l1eG:Lonal Share
"r:!) ( J0!"J~'':'i~~t
-47,252 39

Total Change
(G)
-36,174
89

!~, 961.~

9,460 \

... 265
1, !:lll-~

1,032 . 5,218

1,!~50
5,581 3,982 -30,057

1,8249,859
4,540 - 4,152

Relative Change -30,057

146

!
Co:r:lponents of E:!.'lp1os-:ment CIle-nco
'---~'~.-
Ch8nges related to

Agriculture,

Fotestry and Fisherie.

(1 and 2)

Kining

(3)

Coptract Construction,

l1anufacturing

:(4-14)

Transportation, Communication,

~ndUti1ities

'

(15-19)

Tr~de

(20-23)

Finance, Insurance, an1

Jteal Estate

'(24)

Services

(25-29)

Public Administration

'(30)

TOtAL

lTo:cional Grouth
(J)
33
751+ 2,361
332 2,973
. 632
13,201

Ind"lstrial IIi:: Plus Regional Shal'0 (I<l:L)
-11,143
.. 51
2, 9L~~
]1.65
321
222
1,607 3L:.
-7,092

-8,084 - 18
6,002
289
2,040
554
4,660
666 6,109

(Totals may not add bocause of rounding)

Holo.Divo chm1.Ge -'7,092

147

::..._J:;~p6nents qf Employment Chang~ '.i:o.b1e 28-E
GEORGIA

Qontra1 Eer;ion

Inc1ustr:l

Ag~icu1ture,

forestry and Fisheries

(l and 2)

Mining

(3)

Contract Construction, Manufactu~ing

(4.14)

Transportatton, Commun~cation,

and Utilities (15-19) ,

Trade

(20-23)

Finance, Insurance, an4

leal Estate

'

'(24)

Seivices

(25-29)

Public Administration

,(30)

.

", TotAL

1950
(A)

Employment in 1 q60 -- L3)

72, 83L!. 1,608
50,833
9,863 28,977
3,168 \ 41,130 10,652 219,065

33,070 2,133

62,763

o' , c/ :L..'l
3Lt,226

01" .~-' ,

,J

50,889

2 ::'0' ~, ....' -!20c:. ,:rJ'a/vQ

Source: ~:e0 ~ox:c

1965,
(C)
24,184 2,027
71,988
9,803 37,389
6,874 57,836 24,675 234,776

'"t
. 148

Components of D::lployment Chance - '1950-1960
Chances related to

Agt'icu1ture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2)
MiJling (3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation. Commun~cation, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance. Insurance. an~ Real Estate '(24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TCYfAL

National
Gl"'OiiJ'th
(D)

~l,,_".,.(-j.;).S 1_~.J...~.ia1 10''1~,1J~'r. 1_ >.J.",v,.o.;..)
Hegiono..l Shm"'e T,') ( .Tt.jJ'"l"",~. .._

P..ol[.~tivo Chon:..:.;c -30,,01!.3

Total' .. Chanco oe.
(G) ."
-39,764
525
9,,759 11,,849
1,533

149

!;

-- .~;

Components of EB1110yment Cha::.'lse 1960-1965
Changes related to

Nat;iona1
Crl"'OHth
(J)

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) .
Milling (3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Tr4nsportation, Communication, end Utilities (15-19)
Trade
(20-23)
Fipance, Insurance, an~ fleal Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOIAL

2,L~86
160
~., 719
747
;
2,573
332 3,826 1,692 . 16,585

~

.... ~--~- ,- -~

,..-

IndustricT lEx Plus

Eeciona1 Share

( ~L"r."!~.~"T'\J )

-11,372
- 266
Ll,506
- 885
;;90
I,LJ.17 3,121
- 1~G2 2,L:.o7

,
Total
Change (11)
-8,886
- 106
9,225
I
- 138
3,163 1,799 6,947
2,17L~
14,178

(~ota13 may not add bocause of rounding)
RelQtive Ch~Go -2,407

_. Co~panents of Employment Change

.. - .=-'"~:

''::<:.rble 28-F

GEORGIA

Imp loyment in

Industry
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction,
Manufacturing (4-14) Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19) Trade (20-23) Finance, Insurance, an~ Real Estate (24) Services (25-29) Public Administration (30) TOTAL

1950 (L)
82
33,781
1),89J.
18,573

1960
(B)
tr., U.-nuO
1-'-.?.-~-'
2,922
11 "0"" "" .. ./c)
86,086

1965
(C)
116
16,963
3,579
25,992
),011
92,898

151

C.--O- m~p. onents

or-

Enplo~~ent
...

Ch~0e

1950-1960

C1-umses related to

Agriculture.

Forestry and; Fisherie~

(l and 2) I

Mlping

(3)

Contract Construction.

Manufacturing

:(4-14)

Tr~nsportation. Communication.

and UtUiHes

(15-19)

Trade

'(20-23)

Finance. Insurance. and

Real Estate

)

(24)

I

Services

(25-29)

Public Administration

(30)

t

TQTAL

lTation2..1
Gl"ot"rth (D)
1,951 12
L~,869
609
2,002
258 2,677
383 7"1 1~''-), 0

In(~.ustria1 IIi:: P1l1..s Rsgiol'l3.1 311o..1'1e
(E2:F)

-9 ,L~07 31

-7,!l-90

870 736

87L~

1,027

1,366

, - _1 ~ -/

.9.... 1 3

i:e1utivo ChD.:n,sO -15,213

1.t"

152

Components 'of Enpl0:Tnent Cb.mlGe 1960-1965-
-~'Gl~iGos rcl-al;'od. to

National Gro:-rth ( J)

J:nclllst:l'l:LzLl r,Ii:: Pll,lS

Regional ~}hal"e

,

(I~';Ll

rrotal
Change
(1-1)

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2)
Mining (3)
Contract Construction. Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities
(15-19)
Tr~de
(20-23) Finance, Insurance. and
Real Estate (24) Services . (25~29) Public Administration (30) ", TOTAL

298
,I
J.,14
220
1,675 '
331
6,L~73

-2,123
18

-1,666 9

-l,07L!_

1,269

13~.

432

671

1,811

u,;::>'7
2, 011.0
272 339

657 3,715
603 6,812

(Totals may not add
because of rounding)

153

J~D. 3t;Ce11:t!~D_l :1cGioll

:.~----.GempOnents-of Employment Change 'l'able 28-G
GEORGIA

Indu~try

1950 Ud

AgTiculture,

Forestry a.d Fisheries

(l and 2)

26,690

Mining

(3)

231

Contract Construction,

tfanufacturing

(4-14)

2?,904

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities

(15-:-19)
Trade
(20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and

1.~,, ~26
13,11.08

Real Estate

(24)

1,620

Services

(25-29) Pqblic Administration

19,095

'(30)
TcnAL

3,867 92,141

Employment in
1960
C3)
1'c)- J ~')-(J1L!-
235
25 ,21~7
L1-,297 11.1,995
2,679
22, 97L~ L~, 600
87,291

Source: See Te::t

f.....

{~
~
1965 ,.
(c)

9,040 234

31,238

4,770 ,-

,

~'

17,612

2,893
26,210 ,
5,5~0
97,517

154

. C01~lpon0nts of EmploY"Iilent G'nange

. , :~'-r(L~';';1960_,,'

.

Changes ne1D.ted to-

HO.tiol1.a1 Groilth (D)

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

'(1 and 2)

M~ning

(3)

33

Contract Construction,

Manufacturing (4-14)

3,,301

Transportation, CommuQication,

and Utilities

(15-19)

Trade (20-23)

1,933

Finance, Insurance, and

Real Estate

(24)

233

Services (25-29)

2,7:;2

Public Administration (30)

558

or<YrAL

13,281

Industrial 1';:ixP1u.s rtec;ional ShaJ:'0
(EC;F)
-18,273 29
958
653 346
8?_0'
1,,127 175
-18,131

1,059/;
3,87Q!:
733;' -4,,850

155

Components of El11plo;Y:~1cnt Ch8.n:::;e
:-~'l"9W_""l965
Chances related to

Hational Grm-Tth
(J)

Industrial IJ:i;;: PI us
}~cciono..l Sh~n'e
( :;-""L) .......... 4

Agficulture.

Forestry and Fisheries

(l and 2)

MiJ1ing

'(3)

Contract Construction.

~nufacturing

(4-14)

Transportation. Communication.

and Utilities

(15-19)

Tr~de

(20-23)

Fi~ncet Insurance. an4

Real Estate

i

(24)

Services

(25-29)

Public Administration

(30) . TOTAL

922 18
1,G98
.323
,I
1,127
202
1,727
346 6,.563

-)~, 146 19
L~,093
15
1,L~90
12 1,509
634 3,723

Total
.. Ch:.mGe ( 1'.7)
-3,224
1
5,991
473 .-';-:::
2,617
214. 3,236
980 10,286

(Totals may not add because of roundin~

Rolative Ch8kCO 3,723

156

-.Gomponentsof Employment Change

- .~:

'rab1.E(28A-l

GEORGIA

Il1(~llSJ.C~""j~
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Milling
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing
(4~14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities
'(l5~19)
Trade
(20~23)
Finance, Insurance, all4 Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration
(30)
TQTAL

7,370 26
a/, 0/ 03
1,561
1:., L~9[\
Ll.86
5,828
901~
30,576

lldnployment in
1960
(:3)

3,697 50

'
.J..

3

,

I,.,.,,..).,.J..,.

1,967
() ,1.1.10

870 8 ,,,")",,")'"0/
1,956 37,020

Source: See rrext

1965
(c)
2,876 45
19,,591
2,146 7,774
1,175
10,195
2,584 46,386

157

-.,- ,-', 1:95C0o4m9p6D0ne. nts of Emplo-:lYi10nt Cha. nge Chancos ,rclntod. to

national
Grovlth (D)

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries (1 and 2)

1,062

Mining

(3)

It
-I"

Contract Construction,

}1anufacturing '(4-14)

1, '-[27

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities

(15-19)

225.

'trade

"

(20-23)

61.l-8

Finance, Insurance, an~

Real Estate

(24)

70

Services

(25-29)

840

Public Administration

(30)

130

TOTAL
1

11,11-06

Indus tr'ial lUx Pl118
~:1eGionD.1 Jhc.re (Ec:P)
'j

To'ca1 Chan,ge
(G)

-l~, 735' 20

..3,673 24

2,Lt01

3,828

181
1,264

L~06
1,91?

311:-

1,671

C)22

03(\ rc':). ,

~)

384
2,511
1,052
6,41+4

Ro1ativo GhD..~Co 2,038

;,
158

.: -1960-1965
>__c......... ~lCnc;es rel::.ted 'CO

lTation.a1 GrO'tJth
(J)

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction,
Manufacturing
(4-14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, anq Real Estate
(24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOTAL

278
1,033
482
65
627
1L~7
2,7m:_

Total Change
(H)

-1,099 9
I-'i-' ('3~~~'7

821
.5
5,860

31

179

0132

1,364

305

1,229

1,856

I1~) 1 6 r' ("I ')
,,,) (),,-

628 9,366

(FiGv~es ~ay not add because of roundin~)

'., 6 r~clCltiva Ch:.~"nr-;e

~8?....

159

Components of Employment Change

- . ,~:.'

r[1,,'o.-=l c'28B-!
F_l.-.... _

North C0nt~al ~eGion

--l"...w..... n"'" ;' v . . ( '..1-1 .. ~_ .... _1.,;.. ..,:)

;. ~

~v-dn)

GEORGIA

Employment in

IrJ.(~ustry
Agriculture. Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction.
Manufacturing (4-14) .
transportation, Commun~cation. and Utilities (15-19)
trade (20-23)
Finance. Insurance. and Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
tOTAL

1950
U)
~,J./-1-,I L~0U1L~
1,307
79,276
8,111 23,3.53
2,<'369 34,371[,
[)-,650 213,11.21!_

1960 C})

I " l r<)._(.,' , (,.J) 1__ , O(i"V\~l)~

1-- 0,") ,'i7/q?~

10 7 ...I-

7 C) I , , ,

35,069

:L;J .;,1,-1-09
L\I.6 ,:r?'u~3
u,( . 6.r.')oU
230,980

~~O;.IT~ce : Seo ~lO:.:C

-] :-}
~.'.:':! )
1965"1
(C) :\
! . '1
13,128 .\ 1;068
116,740
6,221 1
51,04-4",
6,91U j 2l.~5 ,432
1
I
.:~'"

160

:.~:c_-.~:c. Components of .El11plo~7J.lle:lt Change
. 19$0-1960'
Changes related to

National
GrOl-lth
(D)

Agll'iculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(1 and 2) . Miping

(3)

Contract Construction,

t{anufacturing

(4.14)

Transportation, Commun~cation,

.nd Utilities

'

'(15-19)

Trade

(20-23)

Fipance, Insurance, an~

.ealEstate (24)

Services

'(25-29)

PUblie Administration

(30)

TOtAL

670 30,762

Industrial Nix Plus Resionc..l Share
( Ti'(~'li1 .L:~ ...'~,;.. )
1,697 3,429 2,126 7, 252~ 1,338 -13,206

Total Change
(G)

Helutivo Chance -13,206

' ..

161

'.'

- .~: 1960-I;-cG:) ,:ojJ-'

~

ChD..'l1.ges ~\el[.tocl to

r

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration
(30)
TotAL

lTational
Gro'ltJ'th ( J)
1,555
76
7, 801.~
826
.1
2,697
406
3,503
501 17,360

Inc1ustr'ial lIix Plus

EeGiollc.l Share

"_T ) (

7 .L

r \':~',~J-J

-9,103

16

Total

ChanGe

(N)

t

-7,553

60

5, 11lI

12,94-5

1~0

676

q ~

!."L.

2,791

~_06

812

953

4,,461

2L:_I
-2,916

260
14,,452

(

,.;.1l.;.

-nu-u,.....,-,U,,.

eo :J

nay not

add

becD.u:::e of' rOlmding)

HoL'.ci\'O ChanGe

_?-

,

ClIo
/

162

>. ' ,.
.~'.
Centl"a1 Region (minus l'Iacon)

:.~,---'Coin-pOnentso();:mployment Change

.. .~

f_fl.~l.b.'.. 0 28C-1

. ..

GEORGIA

Employment in

IndustrJ~

1950
(A)

1960
(3)

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction,
Manufacturing (4-14) Transportation, Commun~cation, and Utilities (15-19) Trade (20-23) Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOfAL

37,260
.,,5,,227 18,,485
1,609 28,777
L~, 251~
167,171

31,196
1 , '17.~/~6
5,,892 22, 131~
2,64.1 34,731
8,625 153,860

See Text

5,,894~ 24,307<
3,272~~ -;~ - ,:-:_~.~
39,,3L12!-J .' '::"~j
1.0 ,;;c;3c'?/'N~i
162,4480~ . --::-.. -,/~

163

_Component3 of Emp10YT1ont GhDnse
. 1.~O-1960 _
-. ChanGes rolatc(l to

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries . (l and 2)
Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing
(4-14)
Transporta~ CommuniFation, .~lnd Utilities
(15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, an4 1 ~eal Estate
(24)
Services
(25-29)
PUblic Administration (30)
TQl'AL

}jutional Grouth
(D)
10, 12L~
193
5,370
753
;
2,664
232 4,148
613 24,097

Industrial Nix Plus
l1cGiollal :3htro (I.;;'."IUT_ il)
-49,lLl-5 221
l~, 2;;5
88 985
800 1,806 3,758 -37,408

'fotal Change
(G)
-39,021
414-
9,625
665 3,649
1,032 . 5,954
4,371 -13,311

Relative Change -37,408

l64

' 1960-1965

... 'C.. Changes related to

.~--~.

~

."

Agricu1tuTe, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2)
Mi~ing
(3) Co.tract ConstTuction,
ManufactuTing (4-14) TT$nSpoTtation, CommuniFation, and Utilities
(15-19) TTade
(20-23) Fipance, Insurance, a~1
J\eal Estate
'(24)
Services (25-29)
PQblic AdministTation .(30)
TOfAL

National G'roHth
( J)
2,345 132
t143
1,664
199 2,611
649 11,568

Industrial Nix Plus
Ho~~iona1 ,:;hare
(KD:L)
-11,065
216

Total"
Cha..'>].ge:t~
(I'I) }~;
-8 t 720~~.
84. ?

8,065

441

2

509

432
2~000
1~261
- 2,980
(Figures
because

Ro1ative Chrolge ~2,980

165

Components of Employment Change

-.". --.

.""

.. "

.~'"
--- Table 2Bp-l

w~st Central Jocion (minus Golmnbus)

GEORGIA

Employment in

AgJ'iculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2) Milling
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Commun!cation, and Utilities
(15-19)
TJ'ade
(20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Services
(25-29)
Public Administration
(30)
TOTAL

1950
(A)
12,875 22
] S 3 ... l , '1T1r7.
1, 781.j.
5,383
582 8,756
864
L~8 ,615

1960 (r~)
5,690
54
16,802-
1,612
5,770
019 9,607 1,182 41,536

::00 ~)ourco :

rro~:t

1965
(C)
L~, 085
47
16,588
1,602 5,800
834 9,755 1,192 39,903

166

Components of Emp10ynlent Change

. 1-950-1960 ..

~.

Chrorl'es related -to '

Q

National Grmlth
(D)

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Milling
(3) Contract Construction,
Manufacturing (4-14) Tr,nsportation, Communication, and Utilities )(15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, an1 Real Estate '(24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOl'AL

1,856 3
2,645
..' 257
776
84 1,261
125 7,007

Industrial Mix Plus ReGional Share (E&F)
-9,041 29
-4,192
153 410 193 -14,086

Relative Change -14,086

167

1960-1965
."-"-......~hm1.ges related to

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction,
tianufacturing (4-14) Transportation, Communtcation, and Utilities (15-19) Trade (20-23) Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24) Services (25-29) Public Administration (30) TOIAL

Natioilal Gr'ovrth
( J)
428 4
1,263
122 434
62 722 88 3,123

Industrial Nix Plus
Heeional Share
(Y~cL)

-2,033

'"!

11

-1,477

... 132
- 404

,

- 47

- 57L~

- 78

-4,756

"1
\"
"
J
I
~
i
Total
Chan,:! (H), i
I
~,
.I
-1,605' J
10
30r
15 148
,.. 1
lC-:
-1,633 .

(Fisures may not add
because of r01.1ndi ng)

ReLJ.tive ChJ.llGC -il-,756

,-. ~

168

Components of Employment Change

- ..~~:

TaW.e 28G-l

East cent~a1 Region (minus AUGustia)
Industry
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communieation, ~nd Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, an~ Real Estate (24)
Services
'(25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOTAL

GEORGIA
1950
(I.)

Employment in
1960
(13 )

.?..L..")' , (1)'1j:''!1
113
11,585
1,lt67
,
"
5,137
Ll.56
8,012 ,1,314 53,9ll.2

11,6()l 141~
13,358
1,835 6,898
837 10,385 1,839 46,987

SOiJ.rce: See Te1::t

1965
(c)
8,525 136
14,41+0
1,937 7,593
950 11,601 1,915 47,097

169

Components of Employr:J.ent Change "" 1950~1960 "---~" Change-s"re1ated to .

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction,
Manufacturing (4-14) ,
T~ansportation, Commun~cation,
and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Ftnance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOTAL

National GrOi"rth
(D)
3,727 16
1,670
213 740
66 1,155
189 7,776

Industrial Nix Plus ReGional Share (E&F)

Total
Change
(G)

-17,894 15

-lL~,167
31

103

1,773

155 1,021

368 i,761

315 1,218
336 - l Ll-,73 1

381
2,373
525 - 6,955

He1o.tive Change -14,731

170

-

.~.

1960-1965

Changes related to

National Grollth
(3)

A$ricu1ture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction,
Manufacturing (4-14) Transportation, Commun~cation, and Utilities (15-19) Trade (20-23) Ftnance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
S~rvices
. (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOTAL

879 11
1,004
.., 138 518
6!~
780 138. 3,532

Industrial }:ix PIus Regional Share (K&L)
-1.~,045
19
78
36 177
49
Ll-36
62 - 3 ,~.22

;'3,166 8
1,082
102 695
113 1,216
76 110

(l?igure s may not add beCffilse of rOlmding)
Relative Change -3,422

171

,Cq.mpQneots of Employment Change , ,---~: Table-2'8A-2

GEORGIA

COASTAL REGION
(SAVANNAH) ,
Industry
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14) .
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Services
. (25-29)
Public Administration
(30)
TprAL

1950
(A)
921 11
16,180
7,102
.1
12,114
1,923
14023 2,401.
54,675

Employment in
1960
(B)
492 18
19,531
6,815 12,914
2,817 16,651
3,130 62,368

196.5
(C)
396 17
17,414
6,526 12,171
3,142 18,091 '
3,424 61,181

Source: See Text

172

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(1 and 2)

Miqing

(3)

Contract Construction,

Manufacturing

(4-14)

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities

.

(15-19)

Trade

(20-23)

Finance, Insurance, and

).teal Estate

(24)

Services

(25-29)

Public Administration

(30)

TOTAL

Components of Employment Change
1950-1960
Changes Related To

National Growth
(D)

Industrial Mix

Total

Plus Regional Share Change

(E & F)

(G)

133

-562

-429

2

7

2,332

1,019

3,351

..,

1,02L~

1,746

-1,311 -946

. -287 800

277 2,020
.7,83~6a

617

~94

608

2,628

383

729

-187

7,693

(Figures may add because rounding)

Relative Change -187

1,73

f

1960-1965

:____-'~hanges ~e~ated to

'.

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(1 and 2)

Mining

(3)

Contract Construction,

Manufacturing

'(4-14)

Tr~nsportation, Communication,

~nd Utilities

:(15-19)

Tr~de

(20-23)

Finance, Insurance, an~

Real Escate

'

(24)

SE\rvices

,(25-29)

Public Administration

'(30)

TOTAL

National Growth
(J)
37
1
1,468
512
.,,
971
212 1,252
235 4,688

Industrial Mix plus Regional Shar._
(K&L)

f.1'F'~'
':rotal;
r Oh(aMr'- ..t;..:l. I --._

- 133
2
-3,585 801

-~,9flj .j
1
;'If
'j'
-2,117<.!
_ 28~l'

-1,714

74rli ..: j

113

32"-

188 59 -5,875

1,l,4.0 29
-1,18,

(Figures may not add '. because of rounding)
Relative change -5,875

rl

r
I J
.J
_)
\74

NORTH CENTRAL REGION (ATLANTA)

:.~q0I.!lROnents of_Employment Change

--

Table 288-2 .

GEORGIA

Employment in

Industry

1950
(A)

1960
(B)

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Commun~cation, and Utilities
(15-19) Trade
(20-23) F~nance, Insurance, and
Real Estate (24) Services (25-29) ~blic Administration
(30)
TOTAL

8,570 397
83,314
. 30,923
" 67,667
15,288 67,i$0 18,$28 291,837

4,270 512
118,226
37,683 87,595
25,504 93,999 22,5$0 390,339

-'
1965 (C)
3,309 489
149,076
43,824 112,070
32,9$6 12$,2$4 . 27,804 494,782

S~)Urce : SEe Text

175

. ~.
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communi~ation, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Ins~rance, and Real Estate
(2 1 ) Services
(25-29) Public Administration
(30) TOTAL

-,

Industrial Mix

Total',

Plus Regional Share Change!

(E&F)

(G) :':

-5,535 58

-4,300 .J;, 115

22,904

34,912

2,303
10,175

6,760 19,928

8,012
17,170 1,351 56,438

10,216
26,849
4,022
98,502

(Figures may nc add because 01 rounding)

Relative Change 56,438

176

......

:~<-~i'960-l9b5 .

Chanees related to

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(1 and 2)

Mining

'(3)

Coptract Construction,

Manufacturing

(414)

Transportation, Commun~cation,

and Utilities

.

(15-19)

Trade

(20-23)

Finance, Insurance, an4

Real Estate

(24)

Services

(25-29) ,

P4blic Administration

(30)

TOTAL

Na.tiona1 Growth
(J)
321 38
8,889
. 2,833
" 6,586
1,918
7,067
1,695 .
29,347

Industrial Hix Plus Regional Share
(K&L)
-1,282 61
21,961
3,308 17,889
5,534 24,188 3,559 75,096
(Figures may not add because of rounding) Relative Change \75,096

177

:~:..._-CqnpOnEmts _of. Employment Change
Table 28E-2 GEORGIA

CENTRAL REGION
(;JLA.con)
Industry

1950
(A)

Employment in
1()60
(3)

1965
(C)

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(1 and 2)

Mining

(3)

Contract Construction,

Manufacturing

(4-14 )

Transportation, Communi~ation,

and Utilities

(15-19)

Trade

(20-23)

Finance, Insurance, an4

Real Estate

.

(24)

Services

(25-29)

Pu~1ic Administration

'(30)

T01AL

2,617 266
13,573
. 4,636
,}
10,492
1,559 12,353
6,398 51,894

1,874 377
15,878
4,04-9 12,092
2,L~34
16,158 13,876 66,738

1,708 355
"-
17,038
3,909 13,082
3,602
18,lt-94
14,140 72,328

Source: See Text

178

Components of Emplo~nent Change
.. 1950'!t'1960
--~. Ch3.rrge's rele.ted to ,

Hationa.l' Growth
(D)

Industrial Nix Plus Hef?ional Share
(E & F)

Agriculture, For~stry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) MinJng
(3)
Contract Construction,
~nufacturing
(4-14)
Transportation, Communie~tion, apd Utilities
05-19) Trade
(20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate
(~4)
SetVices
(25-29)
Pubtlc Administration UO)
, TOTAL

377 38
1,956
668 1,~12
225 1,781
922
7 ,L~79

-1,120
73

3L~9

-1,255

587

88

650

875

2,024

3,805

6,556
7,365

14:~;re

(J.i1igures may not add
because or: rounding)

Relative change 7,365

,,
179

1960-1965

C_h.

a

ng - -"

es ..

related

to

.~~.

Uo..tiona1
r:-roil>Ith ( J)

AgTicu1tuTe,

FOTestTy and FisheTies

(1 and 2)

141

Mining

(3)

28

Contract Construction,

t1anufacturing

(4-14)

1,191.1-

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities

(15-19)

304

Trade

(20-23)

909

Finance, InsuTance, and

Real Estate

(24)

183

Services (25-29)

1,215

Public AdministTation (30)
TOTAL

1,043 5,017

Industrial Mix Plus HesionD.1 Sh8.re
L) ( TL".UI' : '

Total Change
(H)

307

- 166

50

- 22

3L!.

1,160

1#1-

- 140

81

990

985
1,121
7'-('0/ 573

1,168 2,336
264 5,590

(Figures may not add because of ro~~ding)
Ralati va Ch2..nge 573

180

......

.:.:_-- Components of Employment Change

. ._ .=-<'0

....

-. Table 28F-2

West Central Region (Colmubus)

GEORGIA

Industry

1950
(A)

Ag"icu1ture,

Forestry and Fisheries

.(1 and 2)

661

Mining

(3)

60

Contract Construction,

Manufacturing (4-14)

15,,432

T~ansportation, Commun!cation,

and Utilities (15-19)

2,,!11~2

Trade (20-23)

~
8,,508

Finance, Insurance, and

Real Estate (24)

1,,208

Services (25-29)

9,,817

Public Administration (30)

1,,795 '

; TOTAL

39,923

Emp loyment in
1960
(B)
390 71
1Lt ,,358
2,,31-1-5 9,,387
2,,103 12,,670
3,,226 44,550

1965
(0)
329 69
15,,841
2,,787 11,,168
2,,745 16,,237
3,819 52,995

Sourcet See Text

J.81

Components of Employment Change
1.950-.1960
:- ~: _. Change,s' relatec: to

National
GI'OHth (D)

Ag-riculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(l and 2)

95

Milling

(3)

9

Contract Construction,

J"fanufacturing (4-14)

2, 221~

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities

'(15-19) Trade

352 . I

(20-23)

1,226

Fillance, Insurance, an~

Real Estate

(24)

l7L~

Services (25-29)

1,415

Public Administration

(30)

259

TQTAL

5, 75q-

'Industrial }Tiz Plus Her:ionLl1 Sharc
( T~;J,L,.~..l1.11 )
- 366
2
-3,298
- 1!49
- 31.i,'7
721 1 ,1~-38 1,172 -1,127

Total Change
(G)
- 271
11
-1,074
- 97
(J79
895 2,853 1,431 4,627

(FiS~~os may net add because of rounding)

'Pe]".ll',O r,1 ',,-.r"c, .lot

.. l.\,U v

.1

1
....................

.1.0

- 1 ] " 7 .. , .l...

182

...... ' ,.

."

1960-1965
"

" -~- =-':'!."

ChartCes related to

Eational Industrlal Mix Plus

GroHth

Regional Share

(J)

(K&L)

'fatal
'Change
(H)

Agl'icultut'e, Fo~estt'y and Fishet'ies

(l and 2)

29

Mi~ing

(3)

Contt'act Constt'uction,

tfanufactut'ing (4-14)

1,080

Tt'~nspot'tatlon, Communlcation,

jlnd Utilities

(15-19)

176

Trade

(20-23)

706

Finance, Insut'ance, and

:Real Estate

(24)

158

S~t'vices

(25-29)

953

Public Administt'ation

:(30)

TOTAL

<)0
7
403 266 -,~., 07r:::;>'
2, 61L~
350
5,095

61
2
1,781
642
3,567
593 8,445

(Figures may not add because o~ rounding)
Relative Chanco 5,095

.,
.183

GOD)pon~nts of Employment Change
'~: rr able -28G-2

::[;"3 t; C011tl'*;..t

""1' o t n ( " ' i l r~ ........_ , __, ,,:.~

c...

'~ C ,',.:iOl'l

GEORGIA

J~:'1.C"_",J~:t~~.:'"

1950
(A)

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(1 and 2)

832

Mining

(3)

118

Contract Construction,

Manufacturing (4-14)

,_..,.I., 3.1/

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities (15-19) Trade (20-23)

2,8.59
8,271

Fipance, Insurance, an1

~ea1 Estate (24)

1,164

Services (25-29)

11,083

Public Administration (30)

2,553

TCYrAL

38,199

Employment in
1960
(\ ".!,:1' ).
~73
91
11,889
2,l~62
i3,097
1,8L:2
12,589 2,761
4.0,3 04

Source: See ire.:;:'c

1965
(c)
515 98
16,798
2,833 10,019
1,943
14,609
3,66~
50,480

184

Components of Zmployment Chanc;e
- ~. 1950 -1-c;6b
. Chlli~Cc related to

National
G'roHth (D)

Industrial Hix Plus ::e;;ional Share
(E&F)

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3) Contract Construction,
Manufacturing (4-14) Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19) Trade (20-23) Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOTAL

120 17
1,631
4.12 1
1,192
169 1,597
368 5,505

379
41+
-1,061
809 -1,366
510 91
160 -3,400

(Figures may not add because of rounding)
Relati vo ChmlE;o -3 ,~.oo .

185

1960-1965 CJ1.-anu o-ci rolated .to
.~ _.~

National GrcHth
(J)

L~dustria1 Mix Plus ::iegional Share
(ICE;;L)

Total Change
(li)

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(l and 2)

43

M1Jling

(3)

7

Contract Construction,

~anufacturing

(4-14)

89~.

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities

.

(15-19) Trnde

18.,5

(20-23)

609

Finance, Insurance, aJl4

Real Estate

(24)

138

Services

(25-29) ,

947

Public Administration

(30)
TOTAL

208
3,031

101

- 58

0

7

4,015

4,909

186
1,313

371 1,922

37 1,073
696 7, 1L~5

101
2,020
10,1970t

(Figures may not add because of rounding)
Relative Chance 7,lt~5

186

Table 29

- . UNiTED STATES

.--- ~:'

-"-

Components of Employment Change

_.., ,
., .~f
1965

1970

1. Agriculture

2. Forestry and Fisheries

3. Mining

4. Contract Construction

5. Food and Kindred Products mfg.

6. Textile Mill Products mfg.

7. Apparel mfg.

8. Lumber, Wood Producta, Furniture mfg.

9. Printing and Publishipg mfg.

10. Chemicals and Allied rroducts mfg.

11. Electrical and other ~chinery mfg.

12. Motor Vehicles and Equipment mfg.

13. pther Transportation 'Equipment mfg.

14. Other and Miscellanequs mfg.

15. ~ailroads and Railway Express

16. Trucking and Warehouaing

17. Other Transportation'

18. Communications

19. Utilities and Sanitary Service

20. Wholesale Trade

0-

2l.Food and Dairy Produets Stores

22. Eating and Drinking places

23. Other Retail Trade -

24. Finance, Insurance apd Real Estate

25. Hotels and Other Per,onal Services

26. Private Households

27. Business and Repair Services

28. Entertainment, Recreation Services

29. Medical, Other Prof~ssional Services

30. Public Administration

TOTAL CIVILIAN ~PLOYMENT

3,435,062 85,657 587,045
4,296,115 1,824,140
969,089 1,313,937 1,113,564 1,270,857
967,894 3,546,900 1,013,489 1,,020,383 6,084,187
797,345 1,0~5., 939
935,029 88a,281 937,867
2,484,136 1,892,161 2,148,854 6,881,650 3,19?,484 2,25+,370 2,194,216 2,349,.934
488,745 9,459,35.2 3,94.7 ~193 69,422,.815

3,127,097 10+,859 518,688
4,780,750 2,006,019
924,379 1,366,436 1,126,991 1,360,368
91~,369
3,837,270 923,542
1,123,296 6,697,487 2,744,241
794,543
87~,920
2,886,531 2,203,981 2,350,186 7,941,122 3,983,752 2,646,593 2,179,812
2,5~4,501
525,814 11,700,588
4,490,486 76,6;51,621

1980
2,307,668 101,653 405,029
5,488,643 2,205,749
821,931 1,440,653 1,110,731 1,468,977
818,908 4,708,653
921,018 1,342,968 7,483,513 2,486,862
675,217 746,.474 3,503,857 2,.675,334 2,852,807 9,639,445 5,405,312 2,977 ,386 2,414,579 3,559,787 475,559 17,591,545 6,173,236 91,803,494

'.
187

.

National growth

I.

357,680

2.

8,919

3.

61,127

4.

447,338

5.

189,941

6.

100,908

7.

136,815

8.

115,951

9.

132,330

10.

100,783

II.

369,326

12.

. 105,531

13.

106,249

14.

633,524

15.

83,025

16.

108,910

17.

97,361

18.

92,493

19.

97,657

20.

258,664

21.

197,024

22.

223,752

23.

716,56J.

24.

332,421

25.

234,427

26.

228,476

27.

244,690

28.

50,891

29.

984,966

30

411,006

T

7,228,746

=--2:
Components of Employment Change

. ...~

1965-1970 Changes related to industrial mix
- 665,645
- 7,283 129,484 37,297
- 8,062 - 145,618 - 84,316
-- 102 ..524 42,'819
- 152,308
- 78,956 - 195,478 - 3,336 - 20,224 - 343,368
- 186,231 - 156,604
143,731 114,796
- 22,420
342,911 458,847 160,796
- 242,880
-- 60,123 13,822 1,256,270 ' 132,287
0

Regional share
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total change
- 307,965 , 16,202 I'
- 68,357 484,63~
- 181,879 44,710 52,499 13,427 89,511
- 51,52~ 290,37Q
- 89,947 ~ la2,91~ 613,300
- 54,072 !:

- 93,738
- 58,947

402,395

311,820

201,332

1,059,472

791,268

395,223

"!!"-'

14,404

184,567

37,069

.. 2,241,236

5~3,293

0
Relative Change = 0

7,228,746,
..

1,88

National growth

I.

618,139

2.

20,135

3.

102,530

4.

945,020

5.

396,534

6.

182,724

7.

270,106

8.

222,774

9.

268,907

10.

181,140

II.

758,521

12.

182,558

13.

222,044

14.

1,323,905

15.

538,506

16.-

17.

18.

157,059

19.

173,738

20.

570,586

2I.

435,665

22.

464,566

23.

1,569,737

24.

787,476

25.

523,157

26.

430,888

27.

501,000

28.

103,939

29.

2,312,878

30.

887,642

T

15,151,874

Components of Employment Change

1970-1980 Changes related to industrial mix
-1,437,568 20,341
- 216,189 - 237,127 - 196,804 - 285,172 - 195~889
- 239,034
- 160,298 - 278,601
112,8~2
- 185,082
2,372
- 537,879
- 775,885, '
276,385
- 306,184
46,740 35,688 38,055 128,587 634,084
- 192,364 - 196,i21
524,286
-. 154,194
3,578,079 795,108
0

Regional share
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
q
Q
0
d
0 0
Q

Total change
- 819,429
20&
- 113,65~
707,893 199,730
- 102,44&
74,217 16,26q
108,60~
97,46.1 871,383
2,524 '219,672
786,02~
- 237,379

0

119,32~

0

- 132,446

0

617,326

D

471,353

0

502,621

P

1,698,323

b

1,421,560

0

330,793

0

234,767

0

1,025,286

0

50.255

0

5,890,957

0

1,682,750

0

15,,151,,874

Re1ativeChnnge = 0
(Figures may not add because of rounding).

189

-- ." ~.

- Table 30

1970 GEORGIA EMPLOYMENT PROJECTION: Based on 1960-1965 Regional Share

1965 Employment
A

I. 91,743

2.

5,163

3.

5,488

4. 1+0,385

5. 47,606

6

99,000

7. 62,287

8. 43,457

9. 16,621

10. 1.5,944

II. 21,172

12. 27,066

13. l6,479

14. 79,939

15 . +8,032

16. ?2,833

IT. 22,965

18. P,367

19. +5,930

20. 55,852

2l. 42,859
n. 37,667

23. 154,126

24. 63,656

25. 49,404

26. 105,768

27. 47,513

28.

9,458

29. 161,527

87,195

1,5$4,502

1965-1970 Change

Re1ate(r to

National

Industrial

growth

mix

B

C

9,553 538 571
11,494 4,957
10,309 6,486 4,525 1,731 1,660 2,205 2,818 1,716 8,324 1,878 2,378 2,391 1,808 1,6$9 5,816 4,463
3,922 16,049
6,628
5,144 11,013
4,947 985
16,819 9,079

-17,778 439
- 1,210 958 210
-14,876 - 3,997 - 4,001
560 - 2,509
471 - 5,220
54 266 - 2,229 2,822 2,838 - 3,641 - 2,660 3,232 2,600
393 7,680 9,149
3,529 -11,708 - 1,216
267 21,452
2,922

161,866

-15,645

Regional share
D
- 4,456 - 1,014
727 15,186
3,722 4,382 10,509 - 3,774 1,130
539 1,144 14,039
366 17,303
2~688
1;536 4,861 1,815 - 1,667 5,214
1~398
4,805 5,918 5,649
520 - 1,618
7,559 2,023 - 1,830 - 3,358
95,376

TotF11 Charge 196,5-1970 B+CtD=E
-12,681 37 88
27,638 8,469
185 12,998 - 3,250
2;301 .310
2,878 11,637
2.028 25,361
2~337
6742 10!090
18 - .2,668
14,322 8;461 8,334 29,647 21,426 9,193
- 2,313 11;290 2,741 36,441 8,643
241,603

Total Employment 1970 F=A+E
79,062 5,126 5,576 138,023 56,075 98,815 75,285 40,207 18,922 15,634 24,050 38,703 18,507 105,300 20,369 29,575 33,055 17,349 13,262 7Q,174 $1,320 46,001 183,713 85,082 58,597 103,455 58,803 12,199 197,968 95,838
1,796,105 ..

Re1ati~e Change 79,731

190

- -=-d-
Table 31 1980 GEORGIA EMPLOYMENT PROJECTION: Based on 1960-1965 Regional Share

1970 Employment
G

l. 79,062

2.

5,126

3.

5,576

4. 138,023

5. 56,075

6. 98,815

7. 75,285

8. 40,207

9. 18,922

10. 15,634

11. 24,050

12. 38,703

13. 18,507

14. 105,300

15 .. 20,369

16. 29,575

17. 33,055

18. 17,349

19. 13,262

20. 70,174

2l. 51,320

22. 46,001

23. 183,773

24. 85,082

25. 58,597

26. 103,455

27. 58,803

28. 12,199

29. 197,968

30. 95,838

T 1,796,105

197q-1980 Change

Related to

National

Industrial

Growth

Mix

H

J

15,629 1,014 1,103 27,284
11,084 19,533 14,882
7,948 3,740 3,090 4,754 7,650 3,658 20,815 4,026 5,846 6,534 3,429 2,622 13,871 10,145 9,093 36,327 16,818 11,583 20,450 11,624 2,411 39,133 18,944

-36,343
- 1,024 - 2,335 - 6,842 - 5,499
-31,1~3
-10,799
- 8,527 - 2,230 - 4,754
708
- 7,755
38
- 8,453 - 1,146 - 8,422 - 9, i.13 - 6,035 - 4,620
1,139
833
747
2,982
13,539
- 4,258
- 9,308
12,162
- 3,578
60,544
16,966

355,040

-62,947

Regional Share
K
- 9,840 - 2,239
1,606 33,535
8,219 9,677 23,207
- 8,334
2,495 1,190 2,526 31,002
808 38,209
5.~ 936 3,392 10,734 4,008
- 3,681
11,646 3,087
10,611 13,068 12,474
1,148
- 3,573
16,692 4,467
- 4,041
- 7,415
210,614

Total Change 1970-1980
L
-30,554
- 2,249
374 53,977 13,804 - 1,983 27,295
- 8,913
4,005 474
7,988 30,897
4,428 50,571
8,816 816
7,855 1,402
- 5,679
26,656 14,065 2Q,451 52,377 42,831
8,473 7,569 40,478
~,300
95,636 28,495
502,707

Total Employment
1980 M
48,508 2,877 5,950
192,000 69,879 96,832
102,580 31,294 22,927 15,160 32,038 69,600 22,935
155,871 29,185 30,391 40,910 18,751 7,583 96,830 65,385 66,452 236,150 127,913 67,070
111,024 - 99,281
15,499 293,604 124,333.
2,298~812

Relative Change 147,667

191

..< .

.-~.-...~ C. omponents.

of
- .--

Employment

Change

-

Table 32A

GEORGIA

COASTAL REGION

Employment in

1965

1970

Ag~iculture,

3,272

2,926

Fo~estry and Fisheries

(l and 2)

0

Mb\ing

62

68

(3)

Contract Construction,

'37,005

41,412

Manufacturing

(4-14)

Transportation, Communication,

8,672

8,443

and Utilities

(15-19)

Trade

19,945'

20,918

(20-23)

Finance, Insurance, an4

4,317

5,411

Jleal Estate

(24)

Services

28,286.

31,485

(25-29)

Public ~dministration

6,008

6,738

(30)

TOTAL

105,567

117,401

1980 2,033
92 50,348
8,259
22,737 7,'597
40,156 9,146
140,368

:~
1
192

.--...
Table 31 1980 GEORGIA EMPLOYMENT PROJECTION: Based on 1960-1965 Regional Share

1970 Employment
G

I. 79,062

2.

5,126

3.

5,576

4. 138,023

5. 56,075

6. 98,815

1. 75,285

8. 40,207

9. 18,922

10. 15,634

II. 24,050

12. 38,703

13. 18,507

14. 105,300

15 .. 20,369

16. 29,575

17. 33,055

18. 17,349

19. 13,262

20. 70,174

2I. 51,320

22. 46,001

23. 183,773

24. 85,082

25. 58,597

26. 103,455

27. 58,803

28. 12,199

29. 197,968

30. 95,838

T 1,796,105

197Q-1980 Change

Related to

National

Industrial

Growth

Mix

H

J

15,629 1,014 1,103 27,284
11,084 . 19,533 14,882
7,948 3,740 3,090 4,754 7,650 3,658 20,815 4,026 5,846 6,534 3,429 2,622 13,871 10,145 9,093 36,327 16,818 11,583 20,450 11,624 2,411 39,133 18,944

-36,343
- 1,024 - 2,335 - 6,842 - 5,499
-31,1~3
-10,799
- 8,527 - 2,230 - 4,754
708
- 7,755
38
- 8,453 - 1,146 - 8,422 - 9,413 - 6,035 - 4,620
1,139
833
747
2,982
13,539
- 4,258
- 9,308
12,162
- 3,578
60,544
16,966

355,040

-62,947

Regional Share
K
- 9,840 - 2,239
1,606 33,535
8,219 9,677 23,207
- 8,334
2,495 1,190 2,526 31,002
808 38,209
5~936
3,392 10,734
4,008
- 3,681
11,646 3,087
10,611 13,068 12,474
1,148
- 3,573
16,692 4,467
- 4,041 - 7,415
210,614

Total Change 1970-1980
L
-30,554
- 2~249
374 53,977 13,804
- 1,983
27,295
- 8,913
4,005 474
7,988 30,897
4,428 50,571
8,816 816
7,855 1,402
- 5,619
26,656 14,065 2Q,451 52,377 42,831
~,473
7,569 40,478
~,300
95,636 2&,495
502,707

Total Employment
1980 M
48,508 2,877 5,950
192,000 69,879 96,832
102,580 31,294 22,927 15,160 32,038 69,600 22,935 155,871 29,185 30,391 40,910 18,751 7,583 96,830 65,:385 66,452 236,150 127,913 67,070 111,024 . 99,281
15,499 293,604 124,333.
2,298;812

Relative Change 141,667

.,
191

~- .co-mponents of .Employment Change

.--- ~.

Table 32A

GEORGIA

COASTAL REGION

Employment in

Ag~lcu1ture,
Fo~estry and Fisheries (1 and 2)
Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communication,
and Utilities
(15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, an4 ~ea1 Estate (24)
Services
(25-29) Public 'Administration
(30) TOTAL

1965 3,272
62 '37,005
8,672
:19,945' 4,317
28,286 , 6,008
10S~S67

1970 2,926
68 41,412
8,443
20,918 5,411
31,485 6,738
117,401

1980 2,033
g2 50,348
8,259
22,737 7,"597
40,156 9,146
140,368

"
1
192

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
~(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communication, find Utilities (15-19)
Trfide (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, an~ Jleal Estate (24)
Services
(25-29) Pqblic Administration
(30) TOIAL

GEORGIA 1965-1970 National Growth
341
6 3,853
903
2',,077
450
2,945 626
11,201'

Changes re1~ted to Industrial ~ix + Regional Shfire
687

544
-1) 132
-1)11
644
251
10; -1)367

Total Change
346
6
4,407
229
973 1,094
3,199 730
9,834

Re1ativ~ Change -1,367

'.
193

--- ~:

Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries

(1 and 2)

Mining

(3)

Contract Construction,

Manufacturing

(4-14)

Transportation, Communication,

and Utilities

(15-19)

Trade

.(20-23)

Finance, Insurance, an4

Real Estate

.

(24)

Services

(25-29)

Pqblic Administration . (30)

TqfAL

GEORGIA

National Growth

1970-1980
Changes related to Industrial Mix + Regio:.a1 Share

578

-1,471

13

11

8,186

750

1,669

-1,853

4;135 1,070

-2,316 1,116

6,224 1,332 23,207

2,447 1,076
- 240

Total Change
893
24 8,936
- 184
1,819
2~186
8,671 2,408 22,967

Relative Change -240
(Figures may not add because of rounding).

194

:.---.-..~.Components 6fEmployment Change

Table 32-8

.

GEORGIA

NORTH CENTRAL REGION
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Trflnsportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, an4 ~ea1 Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TarAL

1965 16,437
1,557 2-65,816
55,477
15t>, 73O 39,177
176,298 34,722 740,214

Employment in 197q
13,217
1,522 317,389
69,673
193,465 53,520
210,9qO
39,0~2
898,868

Soqrce: See Text

1980 5,021
1,372 421,955
81,05:1.
273,322
82,19~
304,91~
53~49~ 1,223,326

.
195

-- ,~:

GEORGIA

Agriculture, Fo~estry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Miping
(3)
Coptract Construction, Manufacturing
(4-14)
Tr~nsportation, Communication, and Utilities
(15-19) Trade
(20-23) Finance, Insurance, and
Real Estate
(24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOtAL

1965-1970 National Growth
1,712
162 27,678
5,777 .
15~695
4,079
18,357 3,615 77 ,075

Changes related to
Industrial Mix +
Regional Share
- 4,902

Total Change
- 3,190

- 197
23,895

- 35
51,573

8,419

14,196

27,040 10,264

42,735 14,343

16,3Q5 755
81,579

34,662 4,3'70 158,654

Relative Change 81,579

196

-

.~.

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3)
Cofitract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and fleal Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOTAL

1970-1980 National Growth
2,619
301 62,739
13,772
33,243 10,579
41,701 7,727
177 ,681

Changes related to
Industrial ~ix +
Regional Share - 10,845
451 41,827
2,394
41,614 18,097
52,257 6,672
146,777

Total Change
8,226
150 104,566
11,378
79,857 28,676
93,958 14',399 324,458

Relative Crange 146,777
(Figures may not add because of rounding).

~97

.'" .
,-.~- ~:ComponentS of Employment Change

Table 32-C

-

MOUNTAIN REGION

1965

Employment in 1970

Agl.'iculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing
(4-14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance~ Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOlAL

6,235
1,067 55,159
3,896
14,613 . . 2,003
14,997 2,123
100,093

5,274
1,05p 62,263
4,212
16,575 2,394
16,474 2,165
110,413

1980 2,795
1,008 76,667
4,466
20,241 3,175
20,479 2,303
131,134

Source: See Text

198

..
. -~. ~:

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2)
Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing
(4-14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities
(15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and ftea1 Estate
(24)
Services
(25-29)
Public Administration (30)
TOIAL

1965-1970 National Growth
649
110 5,744
406
.1,522 ./ 209
1,562 220
10,422

Changes related to Industrial Mix + Regional Sh~re
-1,610
121 1,360
90
440 182
85 178 102

Total Change
961
11 7,104
316
1,962 .. 391
1,477 42
10,320

Relative Change -102

.'.
.. 1
199

.=-"" .

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(l and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing
(4-14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade
(20-23)
Finance, Insurance, an4 Real Estate
(24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration
(30)
TOTAL

1970-1980 National Growth
1,043

Changes related to Industrial Mix + Regional Share
-3,522

209 12,308

- 257
2,096

833

- 579

3;276

390

473

308

3,256 428
21,826

749
- 290
-1,105

Total Change - 2,479
- 48
14,404
254
3,666 781
4,005 138
20,721

Relative Change -1,105
(Figures may not add because of rounding).

200

f

.....

.. -. Components of Employment Chqnge

.--.=-<'f'

_ ,..,

:

_.

Table 32-D

SOUTHERN REGION

GEORGIA

Employment in

Ag,:tculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2)
Mining (3)
Contract Construction, )mnufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Commun~cation, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, an4 Real Estate (24)
Se~ice8
(25-29) Public Administration
(30) 'IorAL

1965 32,602
415 '46,657,
10,321
3'(3,443 . 4,975
44,198 9,070
181,681

197q 29,582
433 53,7Z5
10,923
36,640
5,9V
48,121
,
9,59.7 195,558

Source: See Text

1980 21,792
510 68;055
11,405
42,615 7,859
60,981 11,336 224,553

201

.-

.~:

Components of Employment Change 1965-1970

Agricu1fure, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2)
Mining
(3)
Contracf Construction, Manufacturing
(4-14) Transportation, Communicatiop,
and Utilities
(15-1~))
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Service~ (25-2~)
Public Administration (30)
TOTAL

National Growth
3,395 43
4,858
1,075 3,482
518 4,602
944 18,917

Changes related to Industrial Mix + Regional Sh~re
-6,415 25
2,210
473 285
444 79
417 -5,040

Relative Change -5,040

Total Change
- 3,020 18
7,068
602 3,197
962 4,523
527 13,877

202

.. .,

'

.--~ .~:

Components of Employment Change 1970-1980

National Growth

Changes related to Industrial Mix + Regional Share

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 anp 2) , Mining,'
, (3)
Contract Construction,
Manuf~cturing
(4-14) Transportation, Communication,
'and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance~ Insurance, and . Real is tate
(24) Services
(25-29) Public 4dministration
(30) TOTAL

5,848 86
10,620
2',159 7,243
1,174 9,631 1,897 38,658

-13,638 9
3,710
- 1,677 - 1,26~
748
2,62~
- l5~ 9,66~

Total Change
- 7,790
77
14,330
482 5,975
1,922 12,260
1,739 28,995

Relative Change -9,663
(Figures may not add because of rounding) ..

203

.,

,

-,?omponents of Employment Change

- -~:

-Table 32-E

GEORGIA

CENTRAL REGION

Employmellt in

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
- (3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing
(4-14) Transportation, Communication,
and Utilities
(15-19) Tt'ade
(20-23) Finance, Insurance, and
Real Estate (24) Services (25-29) ~blic Administration (30) TOTAL

1965 24,184
2,027 -11,988
9,803
37,389 6,874
57,836 24,675 234,776

1970 20,829
2,127 82,852
9,516
42,346 9,997
64,578 26,397 258,642

;,
.f!
1980 12,176
,2,557
104,878
9,286
51,609 16,240
82,853 32,074 311,673

Source: See Text

204

,'

..

~-

~:

Components of Employment Change 1965-1970

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 3) Mining
(3)
Contrac~ Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities
(l5-1~n
Trade
(20-2~)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate
(24)
Service~
(25-2~)
Public Administration (30)
TOTAL

National Growth
2,518 211
7;496 1,021
3,893
716 ' 6,022 2,569 24,446

Changes related to
Industrial Mix +
Regional Share

Total Change

-5,873 III

- 3,355 100

3,368 -1,308

10,864 287

1,064

4,957

2,407
720 847
580
Relative Change -580

3,123
6,742 1, 72~
23,866

205

-

.~~.

Components of Employment Change 1970-1980

National Growth

Changes related to
Industrial Mix +
Regional Share

Total Change

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 3) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportati.on, Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and
Real ~state (24) Services (25-29) Public Administration (30) TOTAL

4,117 420
16,378
1i881
8,371 1,976
12,765 5,218 51,126

-12,770 1p
5,648
- 2, III

- 8,653 430
22,026
- 230

892 4,267

9,263 6,243

5,510

18,275

459

5,677

1,905

53,031

Relative Change 1,905

(Figures may not add because of rounding).

206

';_.'.

- - -

.. ,.-

WEST CENTRAL REGION
Industry
Agriculture, ,Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3)
Contraot Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities (15-19)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)

Components of Employment Change
Table 32-F

1965

Employment in 197q

.4,414 116
.32,429
.' 4,389 16,968
3,579 25,992"
5,01.1 92,898

3,785 125
33,923
5,289 19,8Q6
4,7~0 29,5~8
5,489
102,7~5

See Text

1980
2,163 162
36,952
6,010 25,110
7,000 39,372
7,064 123,833

207

-

.~.

Components of Employment Change 1965-1970

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
cn
Contract Construction, Manufactnring (4-14)
Transportation, Communicatipn, and Utilities
(1.5-19)
Tr<1d<:~
(20-23) Finance, Insurance, and
Real Estate (24) Services (25-29) Public Administration
(30)
TOTAL

National Growth
460 12
'J
3,377
457 1,767
373 2,706
522 9,674

Changes related to Industrial Mix +
Regional Share

Total Change

-1,089
-3
-1,883
443 1,071
768 90Q
- 44
163

- 629
9
1,494
900
2a838
1,414 3,606
478 9,837

Relative Change 163

208

. . .-- .. . "

~.

- ..., . .

~:

- Components of Employment Change 1970-1980

-.- Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries (1 and 2)
Mining (3}
Contract Construction,
Ma~ufacturing
("'14)
Tr:~p~~~~~;~~; Communicatipn,
(15-19) Trade
(20-23) Finance, Insurance, and
Real Estate (24) Services (25-29) Public Administration 130) TOTAL

National Growth
748 25
6,706
1,045 3,915
933 5,851 1,085 20,308

Changes related to
Industrial Mix +
Regional Share

Total Change

-2,370 12

- 1,622 37

-3,677

3,029

324 1,389

721 5,304

1,347

2,280

3,923

9,774

490

1,575

790

.21.098

Relative Change 790

(Figures may not add because of roundipg).

209

-Components of Employment Change

- .~_.".

'l'able 32-G

Georgia

EAST CE~TRAL REGION
Indu~try
Agricu1t;ure, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction,
Manuf~cturing
(4-14) Transportation, Communication,
and Utilities (15-19) Trade (20-23) Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24) Services (25-29) Public Administration
(30)
TOTAL
Source: See Text

1965
9,040 234
31.,238
I
4,770 17,612
2,893 26,210 5,580 97,577

Employment in 1970
7,823 235
38,293
5,755 21,714
3,265 29,35+
6,356 112,792

1980
4,683 239
52,597
6,544 29,379
4,008 37,864
8,915 144,229

210

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3)
Contract Construction, Manufacturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communicatip'n, and tltili ties <15-].;9)
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Servic~s
(25... ~9) Public Administration
(30)
TOTAL

Components of Employment Change 1965-1970

National G'rowth

Changes related to Industrial Mix +
Regional Share

.941
, 24
3,253
497 1,834
301 2,729
581 10,160

-2,158 24
3,802
48~
2,268
7~
412 195 5,05$

Total Change
- 1,217 1
7,055
985 4,102
372
3,141
776
15,215

Relative Ch~nge 5,055

211

~:

Components of Employment Change 1970-1980

Agrfcu1ture, Forestry and Fisheries
(1 and 2) Mining
(3)
Contrac~ Construction, Manuracturing (4-14)
Transportation, Communication and Utilities (l5-Un
Trade (20-23)
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (24)
Services (25-29)
Public Administration
(30)
TOTAL

National Growth

Changes related to
Industrial Mix +
Regional Share

Total Change

1,546 46
7,569
1,138 4,292
645 5,802 1,256 22,294

-4,686
- 42

- 3,140 '4

6,735

14,304

- 349
3,373

789 7,665

98

743

2,711

8,513

1,303 9,143

2,559 ,31,437

Relative Change 9,143

(Figures may not add because of rounding).

212

OUTDOOR RECREATION RESEARCH STUDY STAFF

Coordinator
James R. Champlin, Coordinator Department of Park and Recreation
Administration

Associate Coordinator
John R. Thompson, Associate Professor of Marketing
College of Business Administration

Members

Charles D. Clement Albert L. Danielsen Donald R. EscalTaz Charles F. Floyd
Louis F. Grout
R. James Heyl Robert E. Tritt Augustus B. Turnbull, IU

Professor of Finance Assistant Professor of Economics Associate Professor of Finance Assistant Professor of Bank and
Finance Instructor and Leqal Research
Associate Assistant Professor of Geoqraphy Associate Professor of Marketing . Assistant Professor

Graduate Assistants
Thomas W. Bigelow Roger R. Martinsen Colby H. Mosier Elizabeth D. Murphey

:~" ",