GROUND-WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA FOR 1989
by Dennis B. O'Connell and Kenneth R. Davis
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY
CIRCULAR 12F
GROUND-WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA FOR 1989
DENNIS B. O'CONNELL AND KENNETH R. DAVIS GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
The preparation of this report was financed in part
through a grant from the u.s. Environmental Protection
Agency under the provisions of Section 106 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, as amended.
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES JOE D. TANNER, COMMISSIONER
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION HAROLD F. REHEIS, DIRECTOR GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY
WILLIAM H. McLEMORE, STATE GEOLOGIST
ATLANTA 1991
CIRaJIAR 12F
Section
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
1-1
Purpose and scope
1-1
Ground-water quality controls
1-2
Hydrogeologic provinces of Georgia
1-2
Coastal Plain Province
1-3
Piedmont and Blue Ridge Provinces
1-5
Valley and Ridge Province
1-6
Regional ground-water quality problems
l-6
Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Networt
2-l
Monitoring stations
2-1
Uses and limitations
2-2
Analyses
2-3
Ground-water quality in Georgia - 1989
3-1
OVerview
Cretaceous aquifer system Providence aquifer system Clayton aquifer system
Claiborne aquifer system Jacksonian aquifer system
Floridan aquifer system
Miocene aquifer system
Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers
3-1
3-4 3-10
3-15 3-19
3-24 3-28
3-36 3-42 3-52
sumroary and conclusions
4-1
References cited
4-6
Appendix
Analyses of samples collected during 1989 for
the Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network
A-1
Table A-1.
Standard water-quality analysis: indicator
parameters, Organic Screens #2 and #4, and
ICP metal screen
A-2
Table A-2.
Additional water-quality analyses: cyanide,
mercury and Organic Screens #1, #3, #5 and
#7
A-3
Table A-3.
Additional water-quality analyses:
Organic screens #8 and #9
A-4
Table A-4.
Additional water-quality analyses:
Organic Screen f 10
A-5
Appendix. CContinuedl
~
Water quality for the Cretaceous aquifer system Water quality for the Providence aquifer system Water quality for the Clayton aquifer system Water quality for the Claiborne aquifer system
Water quality for the Jacksonian aquifer system Water quality for the Floridan aquifer system Water quality for the Miocene aquifer system
Water quality for the Piedmont unconfined aquifers Water quality for the Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers
Water quality for the Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers
A-6 A-10 A-ll A-13 A-15 A-17 A-29
A-32 A-36 A-37
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1-1. The three hydrogeologic provinces of Georgia 3-1. The seven major aquifer systems of the Coastal Plain Province 3-2. Water quality of the Cretaceous aquifer system 3-3. Iron concentrations in selected wells in the Cretaceous aquifer 3-4. Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the Cretaceous and Jacksonian aquifers 3-5. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells in the Cretaceous and Providence aquifers 3-6. Water quality of the Providence aquifer system 3-7. Iron concentrations in selected wells in the Providence aquifer 3-8. Tetrachloroethylene concentrations in selected wells 3-9. Water quality of the Clayton aquifer system
3-10. Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers
3-11. Water quality of the Claiborne aquifer system 3-12. Iron concentrations in selected wells in the
Claiborne aquifer 3-13 Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells
in the Claiborne aquifer 3-14. Water quality of the Jacksonian aquifer system 3-15. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells
in the Jacksonian aquifer 3-16. Water quality of the Floridan aquifer system 3-17. Iron concentrations in selected wells in the
Floridan aquifer 3-18. Manganese concentrations in selected wells in
the Floridan aquifer 3-19a. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells
in the Floridan aquifer 3-19b. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells
in the Floridan aquifer (continued) 3-20. water quality of the Miocene aquifer system 3-21. Iron concentrations in selected wells in the
Miocene aquifer
3-22. Manganese concentrations in selected wells in
the Miocene aquifer 3-23. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells
in the Miocene aquifer
1-4 3-3
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9 3-12
3-13
3-14 3-17
3-18 3-21
3-22
3-23 3-26
3-27 3-31
3-32
3-33
3-34
3-35 3-38
3-39
3-4 0
3-41
II
Figures. CContinuedl
3-24. Water quality of the Piedmont/Blue Ridge
unconfined aquifers
3-44
3-2Sa. Iron concentrations in selected wells in the
Piedmont aquifer
3-45
3-2Sb. Iron concentrations in selected wells in the
Piedmont aquifer (continued)
3-46
3-26a. Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the
Piedmont aquifer
3-47
3-26b. Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the
Piedmont aquifer (continued)
3-48
3-27. Iron concentrations in selected wells and springs
in the Blue Ridge & Valley and Ridge aquifers
3-49
3-28. Manganese concentrations in selected wells and
springs in the Blue Ridge & Valley and Ridge
aquifers
3-50
3-29. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells
in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge aquifers
3-51
3-30. Water quality of the Valley and Ridge
unconfined aquifers
3-53
3-31a. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells
and springs in the Valley and Ridge aquifer
3-54
3-31b. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells
in the Valley and Ridge aquifer
3-55
TABLES
Table
2-1. Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network, 1989
2-6
2-2a. The significance of parameters of a basic water
quality analysis, cations
2-7
2-2b. The significance of parameters of a basic water
quality analysis, anions
2-8
4-1a. Contaminants and pollutants detected during 1989
in stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network,
by aquifer
4-3
4-lb. Contaminants and pollutants detected during 1989
in stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network,
by aquifer (cont'd.)
4-4
4-lc. Contaminants and pollutants detected during 1989
in stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network,
by aquifer (cont'd.)
4-5
Ill
:INTRODOCT:ION
PURPOSE AND SCOPE This report is the sixth annual summary of ground-water quality in
Georgia. These evaluations are one of the tools used by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) to assess trends in the quality of the State's ground-water resources. EPD is the State organization with regulatory responsibility for maintaining and, where possible, improving ground-water quality and availability. Four components constitute EPD's ground-water quality assessment program. These components include:
1. The Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network. This program is maintained by the Geologic Survey Branch of EPD, and is designed to evaluate the ambient ground-water quality of ten aquifer systems throughout the State of Georgia. The data presented in this report were provided by this program.
2. Sampling of public drinking water wells as a part of the Safe Drinking Water Program (Water Resources Management Branch). This program provides data on the quality of ground water that is be~ng used by the residents of Georgia.
3. Special studies that are conducted in order to address specific water quality issues. An ongoing survey of nitrite/nitrate levels in shallow wells located in the farm belt (currently being conducted by the Geologic survey Branch in cooperation with Georgia southern University) is an example of this type of study.
4. sampling of ground water at environmental facilities such as municipal solid waste landfills, RCRA facilities, sludge disposal facilities, etc. EPD's Land Protection and Water Protection Branches have the primary responsibility for monitoring these facilities.
Analyses of water samples collected for the Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network during calendar year 1989 and from previous years are
1-1
the data base for this summary. Representative water samples were collected from 140 wells and springs in 1989. A review of the 1989 data, and comparison of these data with analyses of samples collected as early as 1984, indicates that ground-water quality at most of the 140 sampling sites generally has changed little and remains excellent.
GROUND-WATER QUALITY CONTROLS
The quality of water from a well is the end result of complex physical and biochemical processes. Some of the more significant controls are the quality and chemistry of the water entering the groundwater flow system, the reactions of infiltrating water with the soils and rocks that are encountered, and the effects of the well and pump system.
Most water enters the ground-water system in upland recharge areas. Water seeps through interconnected pores and joints in the soils and rocks until it is discharged to a surface-water body (e.g., stream, river, lake or ocean). The chemistry and amount of recharging water and the attenuation capacity of soils have a strong influence on the quality of ground water in recharge areas. Chemical interaction of water with the aquifer host rocks has an increasing significance with longer underground residence times. As a result, ground water from discharge areas tends to be more highly mineralized than ground water in recharge areas.
The well and pump system can have a strong influence on the quality of the well water. Well casings can contribute metals (e.g., iron from steel casings) and organic compounds (e.g., tetrahydrofuran from PVC pipe cement) to the water. Pumps often aerate the water being discharged. Improperly constructed wells, on the other hand, can present a conduit for local pollution to enter the ground-water flow system.
HYDROGEOLOGIC PROVINCES OF GEORGIA
Three hydrogeologic provinces in Georgia are defined by their general qeoloqic and hydrologic characteristics (Fiqure 1-1). These
1-2
provinces include: 1. The coastal Plain Province of south Georgia 2. The Piedmont and Blue Ridge Provinces, which include all but the northwest corner of northern Georgia 3. The Valley and Ridge Province of northwest Georgia Each of these provinces is described in greater detail below.
coastal Plain Province
Georgia's Coastal Plain Province is composed of a wedge of loosely consolidated sediments that gently dip and thicken to the south and southeast. Ground water in the Coastal Plain Province flows through interconnected pore space between grains in the host rocks and through solution-enlarged voids. The oldest outcropping sedimentary formations (Cretaceous) are exposed along the Fall Line, which is the northern limit of the Coastal Plain Province. Successively younger formations occur at the surface to the south and southeast.
The coastal Plain contains the State's major confined (artesian) aquifers. Confined aquifers are those which are overlain by a layer of impermeable material (e.g., clay or shale) and contain water at greaterthan-atmospheric pressures. Water enters the aquifers in their up-dip outcrop areas where the permeable rocks of the aquifer are exposed. Many of the Coastal Plain aquifers are unconfined in their up-dip outcrop areas, but become confined in down-dip areas to the southeast, where they are overlain by successively younger rock formations. Ground-water flow through confined Coastal Plain aquifers is generally to the south and southeast, in the direction of dip of the rocks.
1-3
ID
D
ID 1D ID ~-
Figure 1-1. - T.he three hydrogeologic provinces of Georgia. 1-4
Rocks forming the seven major confined aquifers in the Coastal Plain range in age from Cretaceous to Miocene. Horizontal and vertical changes in the permeability of the rock units that form these aquifers and the quality of ground water they contain determine the thickness and extent of the aquifers. Several aquifers may be present in a single geographic area, forming a vertical stack'.
The Cretaceous and Jacksonian aquifer systems (primarily sands) are a common source of drinking water within a 35-mile wide band that lies adjacent to and south of the Fall Line. Southwestern Georgia relies on four vertically stacked aquifers (sands and carbonates) for drinkingwater supplies: the Providence, Clayton, Claiborne and Floridan aquifer systems. A large area of south-central and southeastern Georgia is served by the Floridan aquifer system (primarily carbonates) The Miocene aquifer system (sands and carbonates) is the principal 'shallow' unconfined aquifer system occurring in the broad area underlain by the Floridan aquifer system. It becomes confined in the coastal counties and locally in the Grady-Thomas-Brooks-Lowndes Counties area.
Piedmont and Blue Ridge Provinces
Crystalline rocks of metamorphic and igneous origin (primarily Precambrian and Paleozoic in age) underlie the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Provinces. These two provinces differ geologically, but are discussed together here because they share common hydrologic properties. The principal water-bearing features are fractures, compositional layers and other geologic discontinuities in the rock, as well as intergranular porosity in the overlying soil and saprolite horizons. Thick soils and saprolites are often important as the 'reservoir' that supplies water to the water-bearing fracture and joint systems. Ground-water typically flows from local highlands towards discharge areas along streams. However, during prolonged dry periods or in the vicinity of heavy pumpage, ground water may flow from the streams into the fracture and joint systems.
1-5
Valley and Ridge Province
The Valley and Ridge Province is underlain by consolidated Paleozoic sedimentary formations. The permeable features of the Valley and Ridge Province are principally fractures and solution voids; intergranular porosity also is important in some places. Ground-water and surface-wat&r systems are locally closely interconnected. Dolostones and limestones of the Knox Group are the principal aquifers where they occur in the axes of broad valleys. The greater permeabilities of the thick carbonate sections in this Province, in part due to solutionenlarged joints, permit development of more extensive aquifer systems than in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Province.
REGIONAL GROUND-WA'l'BR QUALITY PROBLEMS
Data from ground-water investigations in Georgia, including the Ground-Water Monitoring Network, indicate that virtually all of Georgia has shallow ground water sufficient for domestic supply. Iron and manganese are the only constituents that occur routinely in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards. These two naturallyoccurring metals can cause staining of objects, but do not pose a health risk.
Only a few occurrences of polluted or contaminated ground waters are known from north Georgia. Aquifers in the outcrop areas of Cretaceous sediments south of the Fall Line typically yield acidic water that may require treatment. The acidity occurs naturally, and results from the inability of the sandy aquifer sediments to buffer acidic rainwater and acid-producing reactions between infiltrating water and soils and sediments. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in ground water from the karstic areas of both southwestern and northwestern Georgia are within drinking-water standards, but are somewhat higher than levels found in other areas of the State.
The Floridan aquifer system includes two areas of naturallyoccurring reduced ground-water quality in addition to its karstic plain in southwestern Georgia. The Gulf Trough, a narrow, linear geologic feature extending from southwestern Decatur County through central
1-6
Bulloch County, typically yields water with high total dissolved solids concentrations. Elevated levels of barium, sulfate and radionuclides are common in ground water from the Gulf Trough. High levels of total dissolved solids also are common to the lower section of the Floridan aquifer system along the Georgia coast. Ground-water withdrawals have allowed upconing of brine from deeper parts of the aquifer in the Brunswick area.
l-7
GEORGXA GROUND-WATER MONXTORXNG NETWORK
MONXTORXNG STATXONS
Stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network include all seven major aquifer systems of the Coastal Plain Province and unconfined ground-water systems of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Provinces and the Valley and Ridge Province (Table 2-1). Monitoring stations are located in three critical settings:
1. areas of surface recharge, 2. other areas of potential pollution related to regional
activities (agricultural and industrial areas) and 3. areas of significant ground-water use.
The majority of monitoring stations are municipal, industrial and domestic wells that have reliable well-construction data. Many of the monitoring stations that are located in recharge areas are sampled more than once a year in order to more closely monitor changes in water quality. The Monitoring Network also includes monitoring wells in specific areas where the state's aquifers are recognized to be susceptible to contamination or pollution (e.g., the Dougherty Plain of southwestern Georgia and the State's coastal area). These monitoring wells are maintained jointly by the Georgia Geologic survey and the u.s. Geological Survey.
EPD's concern over pesticides in ground water warranted the addition of 22 shallow wells as monitoring stations and an expanded pesticides analysis program for samples from two other Monitoring Network wells during 1988 and 1989. Three of the recently added wells were sampled during 1988. Nineteen shallow wells located in agricultural areas of the coastal Plain Province were sampled for the first time in 1989. Most of the wells are the source of domestic drinking-water supplies. Two of the new wells are screened in the Jacksonian Aquifer System (J7,J8), six are screened in the Floridan Aquifer System (PASOPASS), and eleven are screened in the Miocene Aquifer System (MIS MilS). The increased number of monitoring stations necessitated a
2-1
reduction in the frequency of sample collection from some of the other Monitoring Network wells, especially those located in confined aquifers of south-central and coastal Georgia.
USES AND LIMITATIONS
Regular sampling of wells and springs of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network permits analysis of ground-water quality with respect to location (spatial trends) and with respect to the time of sample collection (temporal trends). Spatial trends are useful for assessing the effects of the geologic framework of the aquifer and regional landuse activities on ground-water quality. Temporal trends permit an assessment of the effects of rainfall and drought periods on groundwater quantity and quality. Both trends are useful for the detection of non-point source pollution. Examples of non-point source pollution include acid rain and regional land-use activities (for example, application of agricultural chemicals on crop lands).
It should be noted that the data of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network are representative of water quality in only limited areas of the State. Monitoring water quality at 140 sites located throughout the State provides an indication of ground-water quality at the localities sampled and at depths corresponding to the screened interval in the well at each station in the Monitoring Network. caution should be exercised in drawing broad conclusions and applying any results reported in this study to ground waters that are not being monitored.
Stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network are intentionally located away from known point sources of pollution. The stations provide baseline data on ambient water quality in Georgia. EPD requires other forms of ground-water monitoring for activities that may result in point source pollution (e.g., landfills, hazardous waste facilities and land application sites) through its environmental facilities permit programs.
Ground-water quality changes gradually and predictably in the areally extensive aquifers of the Coastal Plain Province. The Monitoring Network allows for some definition of the chemical processes occurring
2-2
in large confined aquifers. Unconfined aquifers in northern Georgia and the surface recharge areas of southern Georgia are comparatively small and more open to interactions with land-use activities. The wider spacing of monitoring stations does not permit equal characterization of water-quality processes in all of these settings. The quality of water from monitoring wells completed in unconfined north Georgia aquifers represents only the general nature of ground water in the vicinity of the monitaring stations. In contrast, ground water from monitoring stations located in surface recharge areas of Georgia Coastal Plain aquifers may more closely reflect the general quality of water that has entered these aquifers. Ground water in the recharge areas of the Coastal Plain aquifers is the future drinking-water resource for downflow areas. Monitoring stations in these recharge areas, in effect, constitute an early warning system for potential future water quality problems in confined portions of the Coastal Plain aquifers.
ANALYSES
Analyses are available for 167 water samples collected during 1989 from 137 wells and three springs. Annual analyses of water samples from 28 of the wells span six years with the addition of the 1989 data. For 1984, the first year of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network, hydrogeologists sampled water from 39 wells located in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Coastal Plain Provinces. Nine of these wells have been sampled each year since 1984. Water samples were collected state-wide from 84 wells and three springs in 1985, 25 wells and three springs in 1986, 123 wells and three springs in 1987, and 112 wells and three springs in 1988.
Ground water from all monitoring stations is tested for the basic water quality parameters included in the Monitoring Network's standard analysis. The standard parameters include pH, specific conductivity, chloride, sulfate, nitrite/nitrate, chlorinated pesticides (Organics Screen #2), phenoxy herbicides (Organics Screen #4) and thirty metals (Appendix, Table A-1). Where regional land-use activities have the potential to affect ground-water quality in the vicinity of a monitoring station, additional parameters are tested. These additional chemical
2-3
screens are listed in the Appendix (Tables A-2, A-3, and A-4). Tables 22a and 2-2b summarize the significance of the common major constituents of a water-quality analysis.
The Drinking Water Program of the Georgia Environmental Protection Division has established Maximum contaminant Levels (MCLs) for some of the parameters that are included in the analyses performed on Ground Water Monitoring Network samples. Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels are established for parameters that may have adverse effects on the public health when the Primary MCLs are exceeded. Secondary Maximum contaminant Levels are established for parameters that may give drinking water an objectionable odor or color, and consequently cause persons served by public water systems to discontinue its use. The Primary and Secondary MCLs for Ground Water Monitoring Network parameters are given in Tables A-1, A-2 and A-4 in the Appendix.
In-place pumps are used whenever possible to purge wells and collect water samples. Using these pumps minimizes the potential for cross-contamination of wells. Some wells that are included in the Ground-Water Monitoring Network are continuous water-level monitoring stations and do not have dedicated pumps. A two horse-power, trailermounted four-inch electric submersible pump and a three-inch, truckmounted submersible pump are the principal portable purge-and-sampling devices used. A battery-powered, portable Fultz sampling pump and a PVC hand pump are occasionally used at stations that cannot be sampled using the principal sampling pumps.
Sampling procedures are adapted from techniques used by the u.s. Geological Survey and the u.s. Environmental Protection Agency.
Hydrogeologists purge the wells prior to the collection of a sample to minimize the influence of the well, pump and distribution system on water quality. Municipal, industrial and domestic wells typically require 45 minutes of purging prior to sample collection. Wells without dedicated pumps often require much longer periods of purging.
Hydrogeologists monitor water quality parameters prior to sample collection. Measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen content, specific
2-4
conductivity, temperature and ionic potential are observed using field instruments. The instruments are mounted in a manifold that captures flow at the pump system discharge point before the water is exposed to atmospheric conditions. Typical trends include a lowering of pH, dissolved oxygen content and specific conductivity, and a transition towards the mean annual air temperature with increased purging time. The hydraulic flow characteristics of unconfined aquifers and pump effects often alter these trends.
Samples are collected once the parameters being monitored in the field stabilize or otherwise indicate that the effects of the well have been minimized. Files at the Georgia Geologic survey contain records of the field measurements. The sample bottles are filled and then immediately placed in an ice water bath to preserve the water quality. After one to two hours, the bottles are transferred to a dry cooler refrigerated with an ice tray. The hydrogeologists then transport the samples to the laboratories for analysis on or before the Friday of the week in which they are collected. EPD laboratories in Atlanta perform all analyses except for organic chemical screens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 (Appendix, Tables A-1 and A-2). The Agricultural Services Laboratory of the Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Georgia in Athens performs these organic screens.
2-5
Table 2-1. - Georg1a Ground-Wa ter Mon1'tori ng Network 1989
AQUIFER SYSTEM
NtJMBER OF MONITORING STATIONS
PRIMARY STRATIGRAPHIC EQUIVALENTS
AGE OF AQUIFER FORMATIONS
Cretaceous
20
(16 sampled in 1989)
Ripley Formation, Cusseta Sand,
Blufftown Formation,
Eutaw Formation, and Tuscaloosa Formation
Late cretaceous
Providence
4
Providence Sand
Late Cretaceous
Clayton..
7
(6 sampled in 1989)
Clayton Formation
Paleocene
Claiborne
9
(7 sampled in 1989)
Tallahatta Formation Middle Eocene
Jacksonian
10
(9 sampled in 1989)
Barnwell Group
Late Eocene
Floridan
58
(54 sampled in 1989)
Suwannee Limestone,
Ocala Group, Bridgeboro Limestone
and Claibornian Carbonates
Middle Eocene to Oligocene
Miocene
15
Altamaha Formation Miocene
and Hawthorne Group
Piedmont
18
(17 sampled in 1989)
New Georgia Group, Sandy Springs Group,
Laura Lake Mafic Complex, Austell
Gneiss, Sand Hill Gneiss, Mulberry
Rock Gneiss, Atlanta Group and Lithonia
Gneiss
Predominately Paleozoic and Precambrian
Blue Ridge
4
Corbin Gneiss
Predominately
Complex, snowbird
Paleozoic and
Group, Walden creek Precambrian
Group, Great Smoky
Group and Murphy
Marble Belt Group
Valley and
9
Shady Dolomite,
Paleozoic,
Ridge
Knox Group, and
mostly Cambrian
Chickamauga Group
and Ordovician
2-6
Table 2-2a. - The significance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, cations (Wait, 1960}
PARAMBTBR(S) pH (Hydrogen ion concentration)
Calcium and magnesium *
SIGNIPICANCB
pH is a measure of the concentration of the hydrogen ion. Values of pH less than 7.0 denote acidity and values greater than 7.0 indicate alkalinity. Corrosiveness of water generally increases with decreasing pH. However, excessively alkaline waters may also attack metals. A pH range between 6.0 and 8.5 is considered acceptable.
Calcium and magnesium cause most of the hardness of water. Hard water consumes soap before a lather will form and deposits scale in boilers, water heaters and pipes. Hardness is reported in terms of equivalent calcium carbonate. The hardness of a water can be estimated by multiplying the parts per million of calcium by 2.5 and that of magnesium by 4.1.
Water Class
Soft Moderately Hard Hard Very Hard
Hardness (parts per million)
Less than 60
60 to 120
121 to 180 More than 180
Sodium and potassium *
Sodium and potassium have little effect on
the use of water for most domestic purposes. Large amounts give a salty taste when
combined with chloride. A high sodium content may limit the use of water for irrig_ation.
Iron and manganese
More than 300 parts per billion of iron
stains objects red or reddish brown and
more than 50 parts per billion of manganese stains objects black. Larger quantities cause unpleasant taste and favor growth of iron bacteria but do not endan-
ger health.
*MaJor alkal~ metals present ~n most ground waters.
2-7
Table 2-2b - The siqnificance of parameters of a basic water quality analysis, anions (Wait, 1960)
PARAMETER(S)
SIGNII'ICANCE
Chloride
Chloride salts in excess of 100 parts per
million qive a salty taste to water. Larqe quantities make the water corrosive. Water
that contains excessive amounts of chloride is not suitable for irriqation. It is recommended that chloride content should not exceed 250 parts per million.
Nitrite/nitrate Sulfate
Concentrations much qreater than the local averaqe may suqqest pollution. Excessive amounts of nitroqen in drinkinq or formula water of infants may cause a type of methemoqlobinemia ("blue babies"). Nitrite/ nitrate in concentrations qreater than 10 parts per million (as nitroqen) is considered to be a health hazard.
Sulfate in hard water increases the formation of scale in boilers. In larqe amounts, sulfate in combination with other ions imparts a bitter taste to water. Concentrations above 250 parts per million have a laxative effect, but 500 parts per million is considered safe.
2-8
GROUND-WATER QUALZTY ZN GBORGZA - 1989
OVERVZEW
Georgia's ten major aquifer systems are grouped into three hydrogeologic provinces for the purposes of this report.
The Coastal Plain Province is comprised of seven major aquifers that are restricted to specific regions and depths within the Coastal Plain because of their aquifer geometry (Fiqure 3-1). These major aquifer systems, in many cases, incorporate smaller aquifers that are locally confined. Monitoring stations in the Coastal Plain aquifers are generally located in three settings:
1. Recharge (or outcrop) areas, which are located in regions that are geologically up-dip and generally to the north of confined portions of these aquifers. 2. Up-dip, confined areas, which are located in regions that are proximal to the recharge areas, yet are confined by overlying geologic formations. These areas are generally south to southeast of the recharge areas. 3. Down-dip, confined areas, located to the south and southeast in the deeper, confined portions of the aquifers distal to the recharge areas.
The two major hydrogeologic provinces of north Georgia, the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province and the Valley and Ridge Province, are characterized by smaller-scale and more localized ground-water flow patterns in aquifers that are typically unconfined. Deeper regional flow systems are less developed in northern Georgia than in the Coastal Plain Province because of the discontinuous nature of permeable features in the north Georgia aquifers. Ground-water flow in the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province is generally controlled by geologic discontinuities (such as fractures) and compositional changes within the aquifer. Local physiographic features, such as hills and valleys, may influence local ground-water flow patterns. Many of the factors controlling ground-water flow in the Piedmont/Blue Ridge Province are also present in the Valley
3-1
and Ridge Province. In addition, widespread development of karst features (for example, caves, springs and solution-enlarged voids) may significantly enhance porosity and permeability in localized areas, and exert a strong influence on local ground-water flow patterns.
3-2
. .,;, ... ' .
' I
"
~~~11
..
CLAYTON
A
B E
MSL FLORIDAN
-1000'
B
MIOCENE
c
c
D
MSL
FLORIDAN
-1000'
FLORIDAN
Figure 3-1. - The seven major aquifer systems of the Coastal Plain Province.
3-3
CRETACEOUS AQUIPER SYSTEM
The Cretaceous aquifer system is a complexly interconnected group of aquifer subsystems consisting of the Late Cretaceous sands of the Coastal Plain Province. These sands crop out in an extensive recharge area immediately south of the Fall Line in west and central Georgia (Figure 3-2). OVerlying sediments restrict Cretaceous outcrops to valley bottoms in parts of the northeastern coastal Plain. Five distinct subsystems of the Cretaceous aquifer system, including the Providence aquifer system, are recognized west of the Ocmulgee River (Pollard and Vorhis, 1980). These merge into three subsystems to the east (Clarke, et al., 1985). Aquifer sands thicken southward from the Fall Line, where they pinch out against crystalline Piedmont rocks, to a sequence of sand and clay approximately 2,000 feet thick at the southern limits of the main aquifer-use area. Leakage from adjacent members of the aquifer system provides significant recharge in down-dip areas.
Water quality of the Cretaceous aquifer system, excluding the Providence aquifer system (discussed separately in this report), was monitored in 16 wells. All of these wells are located in up-dip areas in or adjacent to outcrop and surface recharge areas for the Cretaceous aquifer system. No down-dip wells were sampled during 1989.
Water from the wells in the up-dip area was typically acidic, to the point of being corrosive, and soft. Three wells in outcrop areas adjacent to the Chattahoochee River yielded basic water. Iron and manganese concentrations were generally low, although one well in Macon County yielded water containing 740 parts per billion iron. The State Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for iron is 300 parts per billion. Figures 3-3 and 3-4 show trends in iron and manganese concentrations for wells that have historically yielded water with high levels of these metals. concentrations of major alkali metals (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) were generally either low or below detection limits. Other trace metals (aluminum, copper, strontium and zinc) were commonly present in minor amounts.
Chloride and sulfate levels were low (less than 15 parts per
3-4
million chloride and 10 parts per million sulfate) in all of the samples collected. Water samples from eight of the wells in the up-dip area contained detectable levels of nitrite/nitrate. The highest values, 0.23 to 0.98 parts per million, were measured in samples from five wells in middle Georgia and in a Richmond County well. Fiqure 3-5 shows trends in levels of combined nitrite/nitrate (reported as parts per million nitrogen) for wells that have historically yielded water with high nitrite/nitrate levels. Most of these wells show an overall decrease in nitrite/nitrate levels when compared to previous years, although one updip well'showed a slight increase.
3-5
\ __ )
....
I
\
I
\ I
. l._)
1 j
... ----.1..._-...Ju.....
_
I L_
r
~--
-
-
-
---..,.i
~-~lL----.1,/
".'.....0._..__.IC.,...._1~0....:".:' .....-.. "'&.0
't_: ..
0 Iron concentrations exceed drinking-water limits ~ Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Soft water iF~Hilli General recharge area (from Davis 1 et al. 1 1988) Figure 3-2. - Water quality of the cretaceous aquifer system.
3-6
4500~J u:::~ - -~---' lW~D 5000TF.~~~~-------------
L-------------. .....lovll
7---~
-----
. K2 i
40001- --------------------------- <
_. 35oo1...........----'-"-'--------- )Y
*-
K3
--------------------- . ._w,,.
..0..). . 3000---------------------------
---------------------------
K4
::J
B
-........
Q)
2500~-------------------------------....--------------.................._ _ _ _ _,_____
K8
LL
*......._______........-. e'-"'
C 2000
-----------------.,------)-<----.------------~ ----------11 ~~w.9....
w
I
1500-1- ..................-------------------
-..I
1ooa1............---------------------------------
*K16
500f--.............................--------------------- + 7/ ac.... --~- ............... t ...................... ..
a1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-3. - Iron concentrations in selected wells in the cretaceous aquifer.
I ~ I 250 ----------------~----~~~~;;;;~~;=lllWeiiD
...
MaJdnun Contar6a1l LM
-
Ma lga1ll8 (Mn) - SJ 101- -
K4
200----------
~
-:J
..c....:... 150-1------------------------
6
Q)
m
cas: 1Q0-1---------------------------------
C)
w
I
ClD
cas:
~
K8
--------------,--11 J3*
B
J4
J8*
50+-------------------------
-- -- - - ---------
01 1984
[j3
1985
[j3
1986
q!'
1987
Calendar Year
I
1988
I 1989
Figure 3-4. - Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the Cretaceous and Jacksonian aquifers.
1.21 I * = average of 2 samples U = Undetected
...ra
IMIDik1uneom.mantl.ovel
.*, 1or Nllrile/Nitnlle - to mgN/1.
II I WilD# K5
1-1----""--------- ,.r
----- ----~---
-+-
K6
~ 0.8-------~-----------------------------------------------
*
C)
K6A
E..
j.:.:_::,l
8 0.6+-------------------- -~--~----"---------------------------~---11 K1 0
z
od
w_ ....
w
I \D
8z 0.4..-- ---------------------------
PD2A
0.2 ----------------------------------
0+-------~------~----~------~------~
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure J-5. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells in the Cretaceous and Providence aquifers.
PROVIDENCE AQUIFER SYSTEM
Sand and coquinoid limestone of the Late cretaceous Providence Formation comprise the Providence aquifer system of southwestern Georgia. Outcrops of the aquifer system extend from northern Clay and Quitman Counties through eastern Houston County (Figure 3-6). In its updip extent, the aquifer system thickens both to the east and to the west of a broad area adjacent to the Flint River~ Areas where the thickness of the Providence exceeds 300 feet are known in Pulaski County, and similar thicknesses have been projected in the vicinity of Baker, Calhoun and Early Counties (Clarke, et al., 1983).
The permeable Providence Formation-Clayton Formation interval forms a single aquifer east of the Flint River (Clarke, et al., 1983). This same interval is recognized as the Dublin aquifer system to the east of the ocmulgee River (Clarke, et al., 1985). outcrop areas and adjacent covered areas to the east of the Flint River, where the aquifer is overlain by permeable sand units, are surface recharge areas. The Chattahoochee River forms the western discharge boundary for this flow system in Georgia.
Water quality in the Providence aquifer system was monitored in one outcrop-area well and in two up-dip and one down-dip wells where the system is confined. Water from the outcrop-area well was acidic and soft. The wells in the confined areas yielded water that was basic and soft to moderately hard. Manganese levels were below 15 parts per billion in the water samples from all four wells. Water from the downdip well in the confined area of the aquifer contained 1,200 parts per billion of iron. Figure 3-7 shows trends in iron concentrations in this well. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and strontium were the only other cations that were commonly detected. Chloride and sulfate concentrations were low, less than 14 parts per million, in all samples. Minor nitrite/nitrate levels were present in the water samples from the one well located in the up-dip outcrop area. Figure 3-5 shows that nitritejnitrate concentrations in this well have decreased since 1988.
3-10
One well in the up-dip, confined portion of the Providence aquifer yielded water containing 2 parts per billion of tetrachloroethylene when it was sampled during March (Figure 3-8). This well, located in Americus, Sumter County, was resampled in June, at which time no tetrachloroethylene was detected. Teterachloroethylene is a common industrial soivent used in dry cleaning and degreasing appiications.
3-11
_ .
\..... ..;
\
- - ... F '
\
10
C
I('
10
iiOIIt!J..LS
Iron concentrations exceed drinking-water limits ~Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million
Soft water Moderately hard water ~m* General recharge area (from Davis, et al., 1988) Figure 3-6. - Water quality of the Providence aquifer system.
3-12
I I 16.~----------~ MllldnunContanlantlewl '
14 -1..
for Iran fe) :Dl ugiL
---------------~--------------:-:--,-....,---1
-W~~ID#
PD1
12-1....................................,_,,_______,,,...,,,_,____________________.)..______________,______ .J I CT1
*
~
0;
-a;
10+--..- - - - - - - - - - - - -
. ----------..-:'lr
------
----4 CT2A
w
::::s "c'0:
-(i) (/)
"' L....L.....
c:
:J
.0c
-e t:..
8-1-....-----------
B
..--.- ..-----------......................,..........\. --,----~ I CT5
* 6~----..------. -----..---------..---.......................- ........- ..................--.......---. -~-------11 CTSA
I
~ w
* 4-l-----.......................- .....- -....,..................._..________,....______......................................................................._____________~ CT68
2..................................- -------------.----------- -----..-.....................___________..
ol
:
!:; ===
~
~
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-7. - Iron concentrations in selected wells in the Providence and Clayton aquifers.
Propo!ed MaJitrun
Co 11a'*W1l leva! for
Tetractboe1hvlen 5 tGl
P13
_.
0,
P*A41
::J
-Gc )
G)
-..~ c
Q) ~
a~-----------..........--------
.......___.
- _______.._____
a
.. PD4A
* 5-f-..---..----..----..------------------------------'-..------------ VR2
-0 4 -1---------------------..------------..--------------~
..c
..w
..I..
! 3 ....---. ------:..------------. ----.. . ---~---------- ,----
;!
2-1----:_--------------~
----------------
~
:r--~--------.-------~- ~-------l
1984
1985
1986
1987
Calendar Year
1988
1989
Figure 3-8. - Tetrachloroethylene concentration in selected wells.
CLAYTON AQUZPER SYSTEM
The Clayton aquifer system of southwestern Georgia is developed in the middle limestone unit of the Paleocene Clayton Formation. Limestones and calcareous sands of the Clayton aquifer system crop out in a narrow belt extending from northeastern Clay County to southwestern Schley County (Figure 3-9). Aquifer thickness varies irregularly, ranging from 50 feet near outcrop areas to 265 feet in southeastern Mitchell County (Clarke, et al., 1984). Both the Flint River, to the east, and the Chattahoochee River, to the west, are areas of discharge for the aquifer system in its up-dip extent. Leakage from the underlying Providence aquifer system and the overlying Wilcox confining zone is significant in down-dip areas (Clarke, et al. , 1984) The Clayton Formation and Providence Formation merge to form a single aquifer unit in up-dip areas (Long, 1989). In areas east of the Ocmulgee River, the combination of these two aquifers is referred to as the Dublin aquifer system (Clarke, et al., 1985).
Six wells were used to monitor water quality of the Clayton aquifer system. These sample stations included five wells in confined, up-dip areas of the Clayton aquifer, and one well in the confined, down-dip area of the aquifer.
All water samples from the confined-area wells were slightly basic and non-corrosive. The water samples from wells in the up-dip area were hard to very hard. Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded drinkingwater limits in samples from the western-most well. Manganese levels in this well have decreased over the last three years (Figure 3-10), but still exceed the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for public drinking water. Concentrations of iron in the same well for the same period have also decreased, but also remain above levels considered acceptable for public drinking water (Figure 3-7). Trace amounts of gold, barium, bismuth, cobalt, molybdenum, strontium, vanadium and zinc and the major alkali metals were the other common cations. The water sample from the one down-dip well was moderately hard, with iron levels that exceeded public drinking-water limits.
3-15
Chloride content was uniformly low, less than 10 parts per million, in all samples. Sulfate levels were less than 20 parts per million in the water trom all sample stations except for a well adjacent to the Chattahoochee River. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations were below detection limits in all of the samples analyzed.
3-16
..
Diron concentrations exceed drinking-water limits Ciron and manganese concentrations exceed drinking-water limits Soft water Moderately hard water Hard water Very hard water ~~~r,~\lGeneral recharge area (from Davis 1 et al. 1 1988)
Figure 3-9. - Water quality of the Clayton aquifer system.
3-17
J545000~1 ~:.!- L.___ -A-------==-==~==~=1 c;BWoiiD#
400-t------------------------,.--
...J
CL4
0;
c-:J 350-----------------------------------...-----------
*
CL5
~ 300i------------------ ------------------->or---:
"C""D"'
U)
cCaDs: 250-+--------------
--------------------\-----
----- ~ CL8
C)
w
..I..
(I)
cas: 200-------------------------------------------
-~
--------
150-m--.----oooo---------------- -----------------
100-+---------------------
---------------- --~---- 8 - - - - - - - - - -
sot-----~==~~*=====~======~====~
1984
1985
1988
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-10. - Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the Clayton and Claiborne aquifers.
CLAZBORKB AQUXPBR SYSTEM
Sands of the Middle Eocene Claiborne Group are the primary members of the Claiborne aquifer system of southwestern Georqia. Claiborne Group sands crop out in a belt extendinq from northern Early County throuqh western Dooly County (Fiqure 3-11). Limited recharqe may be derived down-dip_in the vicinity of Albany in Douqhe~y County by leakaqe from the overlyinq Floridan aquifer system (Hicks, et al., 1981). Discharqe boundaries of the aquifer system are the Ocmulqee River, to the east, and theChattahoochee River, to the west.
The aquifer qenerally thickens from the outcrop area towards the southeast, attaininq a thickness of almost 3oo feet in eastern Douqherty County. In down-dip areas where the Claiborne Gr.oup can be divided into the Lisbon Formation above and the Tallahatta Formation below, the Claiborne aquifer system is qenerally restricted to the Tallahatta Formation, and the Lisbon Formation acts as a confininq unit that separates the Claiborne aquifer from the overlyinq Floridan aquifer (McFadden and Perriello, 1983: Lonq, 1989). The permeable Tallahatta unit is included in the Gordon aquifer system east of the ocmulqee River (Brooks, et al., 1985).
Ground-water samples of the Claiborne aquifer system were collected from three outcrop-area wells and from four wells in down-dip areas where the aquifer is confined. Water samples from wells in the outcrop areas were acidic, to the point of beinq corrosive, and soft. Iron concentrations exceeded drinkinq-water limits in one outcrop-area well in Lee County, and water from two wells in Sumter and Randolph Counties exceeded acceptable limits for manqanese. Wells in the down-dip areas yielded water that was basic and moderately hard to very hard. Water from one down-dip well in Douqherty County exceeded the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for iron, but the remainder of the wells in the down-dip area yielded water with acceptable iron and manqanese levels. Fiqures 3-12 and 3-10 show trends in iron and manqanese concentrations for wells that have historically yielded water with hiqh levels of these metals. Aluminum, barium, bismuth, cobalt, copper, qold, molybdenum, strontium, vanadium, yttrium and zinc were also detected.
3-19
Chloride and sulfate concentrations in the water samples were uniformly low. Further down dip, in Thomas county, water in the Claiborne aquifer system is highly mineralized (Sever, 1966). Nitrite/nitrate levels of 3.5 and 7.6 parts per million nitrogen were measured in water samples from two of the three outcrop-area wells. Concentrations have increased from 6.33 (average of two analyses) to 7.6 parts per million in the water samples collected from a Shellman, Randolph County, well since sampling began in 1986 (Figure 3-13). A well in Sumter County has shown an increase from 1.15 to 3.5 parts per million nitrite/ nitrate since 1985. One well in Unadilla, Dooly County, located in the confined portion of the aquifer, yielded water containing 7.9 parts per million nitrite/nitrate. In previous years, nitrite/nitrate levels in this well bad never exceeded 0.2 parts per million. The same Dooly county well contained 0.45 parts per billion of the herbicide Dinoseb. Nitrite/nitrate levels were below detection limits in water samples from other wells in the confined portion of the Claiborne aquifer.
3-20
0 Iron concentrations exceed drinking-water limits 0 Manganese concentrations exceed drinking-water limits ~ Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Soft water Moderately hard water Hard water ~~General recharge area (from Davis, et al., 1988)
Figure 3-11. - Water quality of the Claiborne aquifer system.
3-21
1200 I
I I MIDCinun Contauhn level for hln fe) :m uaiL
1000+-~ ----..- - - - - - - - -
_. 800-..---"-----------..------..----
......._
t
-:::J
u~ .......... 600-t..-------------------
. _______._~~ .
w
-ec 400-t--.........._______________,_______. .,____,
I
N
N
~w..n4ti
CL1
Cl2
C*L3
E3
CL8
D
200-+---........._........_.,,.. ____.._____
='"<
----"-----=------- 4
oL-----~~----~------~======~==~~
.1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
-
Figure 3-12. - Iron concentrations in selected wells in ~h~ Claiborne aauifer~
8
-
j = average of 2 s.,tesj
7 ~-1 Maxlnun Contaminant Level
for Nitrite/Nitrate = 10 mgN/L
.
6-----------------------------------------------------..- CL4
z_J
C) 5-------------------........_,_________..,_____.._,.__,....................___
C*L5
-E
0(f) 4..................................................................- ..- ....--. -- -------..--------....---................----
- -. .
z
ol.S a~.........................._
w
8
I
w N
z 2... .................._...._.. .........___,.
+ - - -- - - - - - -
1-~.............................- .............._,__________,,,,__.._........-......._ ..__,___,________............- ..............________,______
ol
1984
1985
~
1986
~
1987
Caiendar Year
1988
I
1989
Figure 3-13. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells in the Claiborne aquifer.
JACKSONX&R AQUIPBR SYSTBK
The Jacksonian aquifer system of central and east-central Georgia is developed in sands of the Eocene Barnwell Group. outcrops of sand and clay of the Barnwell Group extend from Macon and Peach Counties eastward to Burke and Richmond Counties (Figure 3-14). Aquifer sands form a northern clastic facies of the Barnwell Group and grade southward into less permeable silts and clays of a transition facies (Vincent, 1982). The water-bearing sands are relatively thin, generally ranging from ten to fifty feet in thickness. Limestones equivalent to the Barnwell Group form a southern carbonate facies and are included in the Floridan aquifer system. The Savannah River and ocmulgee River are eastern and western discharge boundaries respectively for the up-dip flow system of the Jacksonian aquifer system.
Water quality in the Jacksonian aquifer system was monitored in seven wells in the clastic facies and two wells in the transition facies. Two of the clastic facies wells, located in Burke and Jefferson Counties, were sampled for the first time in 1989. Water from the aquifer system was generally basic and varied from soft to very hard. Iron levels in all sampl~s were below the Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water. Manganese exceeded drinking water limits in water from one transition-facies well in Emanuel County and one clasticfacies well in Jefferson County. Figure 3-4 shows trends in concentration for wells that have historically yielded water high in manganese. Water from one well in Jefferson County exceeded Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels for silver. High levels of silver can lead to a condition known as argyria, with symptoms including discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. The major alkali metals and aluminum, antimony, barium, bismuth, cobalt, copper, gold, molybdenum, strontium, tin, vanadium and zinc were the other common cations.
Chloride and sulfate levels were 11 parts per million or less in all samples. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations ranged from below detection limits up to 0.34 parts per million in the water samples from six of the wells. Two clastic-facies wells in Burke County contained 2.1 and 2.3 parts per million nitrite/nitrate. These concentrations are within the
3-24
range of previous measurements from wells in the same area. The new monitoring station in Jefferson County yielded water containing 7.1 parts per mi~lion nitrite/nitrate, the highest level yet measured from a Monitoring Network ~tation in the Jacksonian aquifer. Figure 3-15 summarizes trends in nitrite/nitrate levels for the Jacksonian aquifer.
3-25
...
1."1
.
I !' . \
-:L---,
I - .,. . .
-...
-
-.L
-
-
\....:...--Il..--..
ot'
.... _
1 _,.. 1
-~l
-
-
. I
,
- I
a
o Manqanese concentrations exceed drinking-water limits
~ Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Soft water Moderately har.d water Hard water Very hard ~1Jgf General recharge area (from Davis, et al. , 1988) ---Facies boundary (from Vincent, 1982)
Figure 3-14. - Water quality of the Jacksonian aquifer system.
3-26
I I I - 8~========~-----------r========~~
* = average of 2 sample
MIXImun Contamlrw1t Levell
IWen ID
7------- -------
-----
for Nltrfte/Nflnlte = 10 mgN/L
- - - -- ...
J1
~
6-'---------------------------------------------
J1B
=a, J j ~ 5 ------------------------------------------------------------ -J--2"*A
E..
.. r..:.:.:.a..
('t)
0z 4+----------------------------'---------------------------------11 J4
w
od
8
3 * -'------------------------------~
I N
z
-.J
2~-- ---- - "-------'-'- -------- ---- - ---------
-----------
~
J7
* - JB
11--------------------------- ---:-----------------
ol1984
:
1985
~
1986
:1987
~1988
*
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-15. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells in the Jacksonian aquifer.
PLORI:DU AQUIPBR SYSTBX
The Floridan aquifer system, formerly known as the Principal Artesian aquifer system, consists of Eocene and Oligocene limestones and dolostones that underlie most of the Coastal Plain Province (Figure 3-l). Other units are included locally in the aquifer. The aquifer is a major source of ground water for much of its outcrop area and throughout its down-dip extent to the south and east.
Floridan aquifer system carbonates form a single permeable zone in up-dip areas. There are two permeable zones in down-dip areas (Miller, 1986). The upper water-bearing units of the Floridan are the Eocene Ocala Group and the Oligocene Suwannee Limestone (Crews and Huddlestun, 1984). These limestones crop out in the Dougherty Plain (a karstic area in southwestern Georgia) and in adjacent areas along strike to the northeast (Figure 3-16). In Camden and Wayne Counties, the Oligocene unit is absent, and the upper part of the Floridan is restricted to units of Eocene age (Clarke et al., 1990). The lower portion of the Floridan, which consists of dolomitic limestone of middle and lower Eocene age and pelletal, vuggy, dolomitic limestone of Paleocene age, is deeply buried and not widely used, except in several municipal and industrial wells in the Savannah area (Clarke et al., 1990). From its up-dip limit, defined in the east by clays of the Barnwell Group, the aquifer thickens to well over 700 feet in coastal Georgia. A dense limestone facies along the trend of the Gulf Trough locally limits ground-water quality and availability (Kellam and Gorday, 1990). The Gulf Trough is a linear depositional feature in the Ocala Group that extends from southwestern Decatur county through central Bulloch County.
A ground-water divide separates a southwestward flow system in the Floridan aquifer in the Dougherty Plain from the Floridan aquifer system's major southeastward flow system in the remainder of Georgia. Rainfall infiltration in outcrop areas and leakage from extensive surficial aquifers provides recharge to the Dougherty Plain flow system (Hayes, et al., 1983). The main body of the Floridan aquifer system, to the east, is recharged by leakaqe from the Jacksonian aquifer system and by rainfall infiltration in outcrop areas and in areas where overlyinq
3-28
strata are thin. Significant recharge also occurs in the Brooks-EcholaLowndes counties area where the Withlacoochee River and numerous sinkholes breach upper confining beds (Krause, 1979).
Ground-water samples were collected from 54 wells completed in the Floridan aquifer system. Six wells that are located in recharge areas of the Floridan were sampled for the first time in 1989. All of the water samples were neutral to basic and moderately hard to very hard. Iron and manganese exceeded drinking-water limits in water from only six wells. Trends in iron and manganese levels in selected wells screened in the Floridan aquifer are shown in Figures 3-17 and 3-18. Aluminum, barium, bismuth, cobalt, gold, molybdenum, strontium, tin, vanadium and zinc were other common trace metals, with copper, silver and titanium occurring less frequently. Barium levels in water samples from a well in Fitzgerald, Ben Hill County, exceeded the drinking-water maximum. Silver was detected above the Primary Maximum Contaminant Level in an outcroparea well in Burke County.
Chloride and sulfate concentrations in the water samples commonly were below 10 parts per million. Chloride and sulfate levels were highest (90.2 and 168.1 parts per million, respectively) in water from a Brunswick, Glynn County monitoring well. Concentrations of sulfate were highest (49 to 168.1 parts per million) in water samples from the Glynn County well and in fourteen wells located within and south of the Gulf Trough.
Most of the water samples collected from the recharge area of the Floridan aquifer contained detectable amounts of nitrite/nitrate. Levels
of nitrite/nitrate in this area ranged from o. 08 to 6. 06 parts per
million. Nitrite/nitrate was also detected in two wells located in the up-dip, confined portion of the aquifer. One of these wells, located in Bulloch county, yielded water containing 6.0 parts per million nitrite/nitrate. When previously sampled in 1988, water from this well contained only 0.03 parts per million nitrite/nitrate. Most of the wells in the down-dip, confined portion of the Floridan aquifer did not contain detectable levels of nitrite/nitrate. Trends in nitrite/nitrate
3-29
levels in selected wells in the Floridan Aquifer are presented in Figures 3-l9a and b.
organic compounds were detected in water samples from three wells screened in the Floridan Aquifer. Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected in two wells located in Chatham and Lowndes Counties. Samples from these wells contained 127 and . 38.6 parts per billion bis (2ethylhexyl) phthalate, respectively. This compound is a common component of lubricating oils, frequently used in pumps. It is possible that this contamination may be coming from the lubricants used on the pump, and therefore may not actually be present in the aquifer itself. Water from a shallow monitoring well in Albany, Dougherty county, continued to contain traces of volatile organic compounds. Tetrachloroethylene was detected in a sample from this well at a level of 1.5 parts per billion (Ficgure 3-8).
3-30
.tG
c
10
D Iron concentrations exceed drinking-water limits
o Manganese concentrations exceed drinking-water limits
~Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Moderately hard water Hard water Very hard water ~~General recharge area (from Davis, et al., 1988)
Figure 3-16. - Water quality of the Floridan aquifer system. 3-31
I 2soo II ~;;:-;:,;::.._~
2000+----------- -
__.
.......
C)
150Q.J-- -- --- - ----~---
-::J
'G)
LL
w
-"c"""'
E
1000-----------
' w
N
500----..-------
~~;~;'Ao*l
PA9B
P*A9C
EJ
PA15
----\>---------------------
W, ---o
PA37
*PA48
o I
!!' ??&::C IJ"
~ ='I
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Finnr,r:a ~-17. - Trn"' ...f' ........................... _ . .1- - - " __.._ _ _. ~- " -
1::l-----~~--------+~ -..ea:.~u ~ ;!~:
Mang.,.e tM1 SJ to'L
80-1---------------------------- ---- ...... .. ---
~ +
..J
PA34
0; 70-~-------------
-::::J
..c......
---------- -..--...------------------ *
.~........
Q)
50~--------\--- -------------~......~------ -
Tl~48 --- . . .. .
0
cCcuD
w wwI
Cccu)
30-~---------------
~
1 0 -- ---------------- --\--t/----------,c------------~
0 I
1984
[j]
1985
:t
1988
I
1987
~
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-18. - Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the Floridan aquifer.
5.5 = average of 2 SIII1Piel
5 = _+ average of 3 samples -----
-------A-
4.5-------..---------------------
I I N~~Hrate PAa7 Maxlmun Contar1*1ant Level
. for
=tO mgN/L
WilD #
PA41
~ 4-1---
t
----- - -
P*A42
E
w
0C1i 3.5~------- ------- -------
+
z
3~-------------------
od
~
/ t }I(>
I
*
\\--------------1 3
*
~LI PA43
P*A47
wI
z
*PA48
. 1.51---~----- ---------- ~........:::: ~
1
1984
1985
-
1986
1987
Calendar Year
1988
1989
.Fiqure J-19a. -Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells in the Floridan aquifer.
1.6 I I
I
= average of 2 sanplet
= average of 3 sanples
1.4J......................-.... . -- -
:::;;Al(:
)IE .v.v.e-1ID # I PA24
f
1.2;.--.......- ...- .--..r - - -
_.
zC) 1~...........___________......,..
PA25
P*A26
E
('I)
0z 0.8
--------------------
E3
PA27
w
wcI.n
od
~ z
.0 6 J ........,_:.................---_.,.._._
0.4------------------~~--
------- P*A40
PA46A
0.21"1 Mulmum Contaminant Level--..-
for Nttrtte/Nitrate = 10 mgN/l
0+-----~~----~------~------~----~
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure J-19b. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells in the Floridan aquifer (continued).
MIOCENE AQUIPBR SYSTZM
Much of south-central and southeastern Georgia lies within outcrop areas of the Miocene ~tamaha Formation and Hawthorne Group (Figure 3-8). Discontinuous lens-shaped bodies of sand, 50 to 80 feet thick, are the main permeable units. Miocene clays and sandy clays are thickest, more than 500 feet, in Wayne County (Watson, 1982).
Areas of confinement exist along the coast and locally in Grady, Thomas; Brooks and Lowndes Counties. Leakage from overlying surface aquifers into the Miocene aquifer system and, in some areas, from the underlying Floridan aquifer system is significant in the coastal counties (Watson, 1982). Two principal aquifer units are present in the coastal area (Joiner, et al., 1988). Clarke et al. (1990) use the names upper and lower Brunswick aquifers to refer to these two sandy aquifer units.
Water quality of the Miocene aquifer system was monitored in fifteen wells, eleven of which were first sampled in 1989. Water samples varied from acidic to basic, with pH values ranging between 4.3 to 8.1 (standard pH units). Most of the water samples were soft to moderately hard, but wells in Brooks, Glynn and Screven counties yielded hard water. Water samples from six wells in Bulloch, Colquitt, Cook, screven and Thomas Counties contained iron at concentrations in excess of acceptable drinking water limits (Figure 3-21). Manganese was detected above Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels in water from four wells in Appling, Bulloch, Coffee and Screven counties (Figure 3-22). Aluminum, barium, strontium, titanium, zinc and the major alkali metals were other commonly detected cations in the Miocene aquifer system water samples. Bismuth, Copper, and tin were less commonly detected trace metals.
Chloride levels were less than 25 parts per million in all of the samples analyzed. The highest chloride levels (over 20 parts per million) were recorded from stations in Colquitt, Glynn and Thomas counties. Sulfate levels were highest (38.9 parts per million) in a Glynn County well, but were 4 parts per million or less in all of the
other wells. Detectable levels of nitrite/nitrate, ranging from o.os to
3-36
14.70 parts per million, were found in eight of the fifteen wells sampled. ~1 eight of these wells were sampled for the first time in 1989. A residential well in Bulloch County contained 14. 7 parts per million of nitrite/nitrate. This is the first Monitoring Network well to exceed drinking water limits for nitrite/ nitrate (Figure 3-23).
3-37
0 Iron concentrations exceed drinking-water limits
o Manganese concentrations exceed drinking-water limits
0 Iron and manganese concentrations exceed drinking-water limits ~ Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Soft water Moderately hard water Hard water
Figure 3-20. - Water quality of the Miocene aquifer system.
3-38
I I 2500
Mfomr Inronm(FQe)H M3DMlG-lLov*
Iwe-alD# I Ml1
2-oooJ-------------------------
..- - - - - - - - - ---'
---11 f
Ml4
..J
"'-..
0)
1500-1--------------------------------------------- - - -
M*IS
::J..
a
'G)
L...L...
Ml9
w w I
\D
-e1:
1 000-"---------- ---------- ~ --- --- --- -------
~
Ml11
Ml13
500 -"------ -----------------------------------------
01
1984
1985
1986
I
1987
Calendar Year
.,.
1988
I
1989
Figure 3-21. - Iron concentrations in selected wells in the Miocene aquifer.
2so1j-F~~_~~._~~..-_:~..~,u-o~l~l ~~~-~b~1~-------------------------------------I-W-o~i~iD-#-I Ml1
200-t--...............-----------------------------------.---------------.-----11 -M+l4
..J
C;
-:::J
c 150-'"--..--..--. -----..------------ ----..--------.......___.._,_____________
M*IS
~
e
~
Q)
MIS
fJ)
.w
I
* caQs) , .. oo.-~ ------. -----------..-- -.
cCas)
---------------------------------
Ml13
0
~
50-----..---------
0+-------~------~------~------~-------~
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-22. - Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the Miocana anui_f'Ar.
= average of 2 samples
Maxfnun Contarrinant Level
U = Undetected
14-1-
---------- -
for Nltrtte/Nitrate = 10 mgN/L
-------------- ----
.Ml2
_. 12-~--------------------------------------------------
MIS
z
*
0) 10---------------------- - - - - - - -----------------
Ml6
E
8
8 z
8 -1------------- ------------------ -------------------,---------------------- Ml7
olS
.w
I
....
~ z
6----------------- --------
4..J- ---------- --------------------------
*Ml10
Ml15
2
01
1984
1985
I
1986
I
1987
Calendar Year
1988
lll
1989
Figure 3-23. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells in the Miocene aquifer.
PIBDMONT/BLUB R%DGB ONCOHPINBD AQUIPBRS
Georgia's Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces are developed on metamorphic and igneous rocks that are predominately Precambrian and Paleozoic in age. Soil and saprolite horizons, compositional layers and openings along fractures and joints in the rockS are the major water-bearing features. Fracture density and interconnection provide the primary controls on the rate of flow of water into wells completed in crystalline rocks. The permeability and thickness of soils and shallow saprolite horizons determine the amount of discharge that can be sustained.
Ground-water samples were collected from seventeen wells in the Piedmont Province and four wells in the Blue Ridge Province (Figure 3-9). Water from wells in the crystalline-rock aquifers was generally non-corrosive and soft to moderately hard, although one Piedmont well in Jackson County yielded hard water. Iron and manganese levels exceeded drinking-water limits in water samples from eleven of the Piedmont wells and two of the Blue Ridge wells (Figures 3-25a and b, 3-26a and b, 3-27 and 3-28). Aluminum, barium, bismuth, strontium and zinc were common trace metal constituents. Less commonly detected trace metals included antimony, cobalt, gold, molybdenum, nickel, silver, thallium, tin, titanium, vanadium and zirconium. A Piedmont well in Riverdale, Clayton County, exceeded Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels for silver. Analysis of a water sample taken from a Franklin County (Piedmont) well detected thallium (a highly toxic metal) at a level of 94 parts per billion. The same sample also contained 30,000 parts per billion iron. Because excessive amounts of iron in a sample can result in spurious estimates of thallium content, this analysis for thallium may not be valid. Subsequent water samples collected from this well have not contained detectable levels of thallium.
Chloride and sulfate concentrations in the water samples were typically below 20 parts per million. Nitrite/nitrate was present in water from five of the wells (Figure 3-29). Four of these wells yielded
:
water with nitrite/nitrate levels greater than 0.45 parts per million. The highest concentration measured was 3.2 parts per million. For most
3-42
monitoring stations, nitrite/nitrate concentrations monitored in 1989 were approximately the same as levels reported in samples collected during 1988 from the same wells. One Blue Ridge well showed an increase . in nitritejnitrate from below detection limits in 1988 to 1.9 parts per million in 1989.
Traces of volatile organic compounds continued to be detected in samples from wells in Fulton and Rockdale Counties. Water samples collected in April and october of 1989 from a monitoring well at Fort McPherson, Fulton County, contained ethylbenzene and P, M, and o xylenes. Other organic compounds, including trimethyl benzene, ethylmethyl benzene, 1, 2 dichloropropane and toluene, were detected from the same well in October, but were not detected in April. An unused well in Conyers, Rockdale county, yielded water containing tetrachloroethylene at a concentration of 7.8 parts per billion (Figure 3-8) and 1.6 parts per billion trichloroethylene.
3-43
...
0 Iron concentrations exceed drinking-water limits 0 Manganese concentrations exceed drinking-water limits 0 Iron and manganese concentrations exceed drinking-water limits ~ Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Soft water Moderately hard water Hard water
Figure 3-24. - Water quality of the Piedmont/Blue Ridge unconfined aquifers.
3-44
3QQO
j-~LM I forhlnfe) -~~
2500-1-------...----...--------- ' --------------
1 WilD# 1
P1
P2
..J 2000......-------------------------------------
0;
P*9
:J..
8
'0)
l..L....,
15oor---------......--------~ --------------)=(-------.r---------------------------~l P11
.w
I
c.0.. 1ooa..............................................................--------------------- - ----
"'
-*P13
P15A
500i---------------------------------------------- ::::::;::::;a-
0 I
,c:::=
I
~.
~
rp
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-25a. - Iron concentrations in selected wells in the Piedmont aquifer.
I I 111 ;;DI u:~:m-:.._~ 30rr=======~----------------------~
25 -1----..,...........................- ...........-------..---------------..---.......- ....- ........,_,_________+--~
f
P4B
w .eI .
0\
* 20-t --...................... .....................___,.,_,__________.,,. ____________.................______.........--. ----f--
._...J_
C)
:J
..-.u.........
-ce
0
"ca'0s:
0
:J
.0c 1:::,
P10
8
15-J-........ ..- ................. .. _. _____. ___________ . ~-~,....--.- ...-... .......- . .......... .I----. --f I P1 OA
~
10.............. . ................................-.......--....................--------------- -----------------------.---- --- P16
P16C
5 """''"'"''''"''''----- -. -..............______.......- -..
ol
:
:
~~ ~
I
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure J-25b. - Iron concentrations in selected wells in the Piedmont aquifer (continued).
1200JL~~~1-~ ;~ID# 1400w=~======~~--~-------------------
II
I
----------.................
----
I
_. ..._
C)
1OOOi------------...-------------------------~-
::J
P48
------'---t-----------4
*
-c
:..:..!....
P9 800-~---------..------- ----------------------------------------- e
G)
P10A
w
I
~
~
cas cCas) ::!
6 0 0 . . .-- -----------------------------------------------------------
400-1------- - -
--------------------
M
P16
P16C
200 ~uuuuouuu-u------------------ ~
~
OT-------.------.------~------~------~
1984
1985
1986
1987 . 1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-26a. - Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the Piedmont aquifer.
go,i _.___l I 100~----~M==::=-,=::=:=~~=.t=ar=~------------~-------.I ,.....w1--IID-#-
.........
._.. .
-----7~ = ~ - ----::.....-..::::::: P1 B
_. . 80~-------- .--
/ ------->< :;r---- _~-:::::::=.... -=::::::::: )( --------i~~I P2
........
.. , C)
:::J 70 r....--:.-----..-------
c
---....-------------------------------------------f----11 P,~ 3.-
::E 60-----------------------------------------------
e
"C""D"'
P6A
w
'CD
0
cCaDs:
50-1-------------------------------------.-.. ~
C)
M
P13
cas: ::E
, II P15A 40-+-----..------
30 --------------------L~-------- ---~ -1....
/---~---~
-.---'---~---------------------------
20...................- ......................------------................____............................._..........- ......................._____,.........................................
10~----~~------~------~------.-----~
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure J-26b. - Manganese concentrations in selected wells in the Piedmont aquifer (continued).
5000J l -,.,~...,I-F.,l- ad 4500:
300 ...._
+
: --------
----------"""'--------
II I W;IID#
---- BR1 .
4ooo ...................... ----------------------------
- --------.....----------------- BR2
35QQ-1-----------------------------------------------------------
-
---------
.w.
"
...J
0; 3000----------------------------------------------------
BR2B
..:::J
8
Ci> 2500-+----------------------------:______
L_.L...
------------------------t I BR3
.w
I
* c:
~
20001------------------..-----------..-----------------------------------..--t I VR3
'D
* 1500....-------------------------------------------------------------............................______,,
1000---..-----..----..---------"..-- .
_____________,,....________, ___________, _______'~ VR4
5001........................................- -...................................~-----------------------------
1985
1986
1987
Calendar Year
1988
1989
Figure 3-27. - Iron concentrations in selected wells and springs in the Blue Ridge and Valley & Ridge aquifers.
350
Mllldnun Conlarr*l.m Level fur M51g~nt1e (MrO 9J ugll.
300+----------------------------------------4--lr---
1wen1o .... BR1
._....J....
C)
250-4----------------------------------------------/--------\---
:::s..
c
BR2
I
*
BR3
.~......... 200-.------------------~------------------------t------------
E3
Q)
VR2
(/)
w
I 01 0
Q)
cas
150----------------------------------------------------------
C)
cas
~
1oo-~---------------------""~~------
~
VR4
0+-------~------~----~~----~------~
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure
J-28.
-
Man
...... ..:.
ganese c
-, 1 ........
o
r..
ncentr
D .a A~--
a-t_i.o. .. n.a
s in
#,...,...
selected
wells
in the Blue Ridge
4 3.5--.
11Y8r11Qtt fi 2elmpln .. - IMif1lg8 d 3 nmplee
u-~
.......,=<:
Maximum Contarmant level for Nitrite/Nitrate= 10 mgN/L
--~-----------------------
-w--e.iiD :s BR4
...
3-1-----------------------------l-----------------------------
---- ----- P2
z...J
~ 2.5;----------------------------r----------
-----------------------------
P*4B
..
8 z
- 2 ;. --------------1---------------------------------~---------------------------
8
P12
~
~
w
I U'l
~
C\1 1.5-1--------------------.,<.------------- -
0 z
-------- - - - - - -----------
,r I P14
1
;:::-=---r 0.5i-----------------------x . -- .
=------~*----------- -----\;----~---1~------*
~
(
1
0+-------~------~------~------~~----~
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-29. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge aquifers.
VALLEY AND RZDGB ONCOIO'IDD AQUIJIBRS
Soil and residuum form low-yield unconfined aquifers across most of the Valley and Ridge Province of northwestern Georgia. Valley bottom outcrops of dolostones and limestones of the Cambro-ordovician Knox Group are the locations of most higher-yielding wells and springs that are suitable for municipal supplies.
Water quality in the Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers was monitored in five wells and three springs located across the Province (Figure 3-30). Three of these wells and all three springs produced water from Knox Group carbonates. The other wells represent water quality in the Ordovician Chickamauga Group of Walker County and the Cambrian Shady Dolomite of Bartow County. Water from the Valley and Ridge monitoring stations was typically basic and moderately hard to very hard. Iron and manganese concentrations were below drinking-water limits in all of the water samples analyzed. Barium, bismuth, strontium and tin were the most common trace metal constituents.
Chloride and sulfate concentrations were typically less than five parts per million. A water sample from a well in Walker County contained 12.2 parts per million chloride and 66 parts per million sulfate. Detectable levels of nitrite/nitrate were present in all but one of the water samples. Concentrations ranged from 0.30 to 2.80 parts per million in water from eight of the wells and springs. The nitritejnitrate levels measured in 1989 were generally within previously established ranges for water from these monitoring stations. Four of the stations showed moderate decreases in nitrite/nitrate levels since 1988, while two stations showed slight to moderate increases over the same period.
3-52
...
~ Nitrite/nitrate concentrations exceed 0.45 parts per million Moderately hard water Hard water Very hard water
Fiqure 3-30. - Water quality of the Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifer. 3-53
r:= .--.of 1~--------------~--~-r====~~~~
2 -;.m,..l
Maxlmt.m Contari1ant Level
0.9+
--
----
.
for Nllritt/Nitrate = 10 mgN/L
v~
...
0.8-1-------------
-------- /
VA3
~
.=:::a!., 0.7,----------
VA6
E
~
~
E3
z0 0.8+-----------~-..------------- ----
VR7
..w
I Ul
s ~ 0.5-'----------
z
--------------------------------------
o.4i. ----------~----------------------a--..-----~--------s
0.3...-------------------- -------------------------
0.2+----oor--------.-----r--------,:----~
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-Jla. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells and springs in the Valley ~~A O~Ana A~-~~a
7
6---------------------------
Maxlml.m ContsNw1t Level for Nltrtte/Nitrate = 10 mgN/L
-I WeJ.:D ...
.VR1
VAS
z vAs _J 5--------------------------------------------------------------- ~
C)
~ 4--------------------------------..-----------..------------ 8
('1)
0 z
VA9
~ 3-l----------------------------.,..,..,----.--------------
w
C\1
I 0'1 0'1
0z 2 ~..........................:._______............_____, --------------------------. --....................___
1i .......- ....................- .........&..iJt
-- ...... ~
~
0+-------~------~------~------~------~
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Calendar Year
Figure 3-Jlb. - Nitrite/nitrate concentrations in selected wells in the Valley
and Ridge aquifer (continued).
SUMMaRY AND CORCLUSIORS
Bydrogeoloqists collected 167 water samples for analysis from 137 wells and three springs for the Ground-Water Monitoring Network in 1989. These wells and springs represent the ten major aquifer systems of the State:
Cretaceous aquifer system, Providence aquifer system, Clayton aquifer system, Claiborne aquifer system, Jacksonian aquifer system, Floridan aquifer system, Miocene aquifer system, Piedmont unconfined aquifer, Blue Ridge unconfined aquifer and Valley and Ridge unconfined aquifers.
Analyses of water samples collected in 1989 were compared with analyses for the Ground-Water Monitoring Network dating back to 1984, permitting the recognition of temporal trends. Tables 4-1a through 4-1c list the major contaminant~ and pollutants that were detected at stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network during 1989. Although isolated ground-water quality problems were documented during 1989 at specific localities, the quality of water from the majority of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network stations remains excellent.
An increasing occurrence of detectable levels of nitrite/nitrate in samples collected from some monitoring stations is the only apparent adverse trend in ground-water quality in Georgia. Few wells or springs yielded water samples in 1989 with nitrite/nitrate concentrations that exceeded previously established ranges. Samples from Coastal Plain aquifers with the highest nitrite/nitrate levels were, in most cases, from wells in outcrop areas. The first occurrence of nitrite/nitrate levels greater than the Primary Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 parts per million nitrogen was recorded from a domestic well in the Miocene aquifer. Because this well had not been sampled prior to 1989, it is not yet possible to determine if the nitrite/nitrate level is increasing or decreasing at this station.
4-1
Spatial and temporal limitations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network preclude the identification of the exact sources of the increasing levels of nitrogen compounds in some of Georgia's ground. water. Nitrite/nitrate originates in ground water from direct sources and through oxidation of other forms of dissolved nitrogen. Some nitrite/nitrate may come from natural sources, and some may be man-made. The most common sources of man-made dissolved nitrogen are septic systems, agricultural wastes and fertilizers (Freeze and Cherry, 1979). Dissolved nitrogen is also present in rainwater, derived from terrestrial vegetation and volatilization of fertilizers (Drever, 1988). The conversion of other nitrogen species to nitrate occurs in aerobic environments (i.e. recharge areas). Anaerobic conditions, as are commonly developed along the flow path of ground water, foster the denitrification process. However, this process is inhibited by the lack of denitrifying bacteria in ground water (Freeze and Cherry, 1979).
Iron and manganese were the most commonly detected metals in the samples analyzed. Although minor increases or dec~eases in levels of iron and manganese were noted for some stations, no long-term trends in concentrations of these metals were documented for the majority of the wells and springs sampled.
The presence of organic compounds was again documented in water from a few of the wells sampled. Because of the sporadic nature of the occurrence of organic compounds in most of these wells, spatial and temporal trends in levels of organic pollutants cannot be defined at this time.
4-2
Table 4-1a. - Contaminants and pollutants detected during 1989 in stations of the Ground-Water Monitorincr Network, bv aquifer
Aquifer
Well ID, 'Parameter. and detected value
cretaceous
GWN-K9 GWN-K10
Iron -= 740 ug/L NO.,/NO~ 0. 98 & 0. 8 mqN/L
Providence
GWN-PD1
GWN-PD2A GWN-PD4A
Iron 1,600 ug/L
NTOet/NraOc~or0o.e4t7hymlgeNn/eL = 2.0 uq/L
Clayton Claiborne
GWN-CT1 GWN-CT6B
GWN-CL1 GWN-CL2
GWN-CL3 GWN-CL4
GWN-CL5
Iron 590 ug/L Iron 4,100 ug/L
Mancranese = 100 ucr/L
Iron = 350 ug/L
N02/N~-= 7. 9 mgN/L Dines 0.45 ug/L
Iron -= 1,200 ug/L
Manganese = 62 ug/L
MN0a2n/ Ng a0n3 e-s=e
3. -=
5 mgN/L 450 ug/L
NO.,jNO~ 7. 6 mqN/L
Jacksonian
. GWN-J1B GWN-J3 GWN-J7 GWN-J8
MN0a2n/Nga0n3 ese 2=. 113m0gNu/gL/L
MN0a2n/ Ng a0n3 es e
2.
3 mgN/L 72 ug/L
= NSOi rv'Ne0r3
7 .1 mgN/L 62 uq}L
Floridan
(Principal Artesian)
GWN-PA2A
GWN-PA9B GWN-PA14 GWN-PA18 GWN-PA21
GWN-PA24 GWN-PA25 GWN-PA26 GWN-PA33 GWN-PA37
GWN-PA40 GWN-PA41
GWN-PA42 GWN-PA43
Bis (2-Ethylhexyl)-
phthalate 127
Iron 1,200 ug/L
MN0a2n/Nga0n3
es
e
6.
0 5
mgN/L 6 ug/L
Bis (2-Ethylhexyl)-
phthalate = 38.6
NNNB000a222r///iNNNum000333
=
=
1. 2 & 1.2 & 1.8 &
2,500
1. 3 mgN/L 1.2 mgN/L 1.4 mgN/L
ug/L
Iron -= 4oo ug/L
TNNNO00e22t///rNNNa000c333h
-=
=
lo
1. 7 0. 9
2.0 roet
mgN/L & 1. 27 mgN/L & 2.8 mgN/L
hylene = 1.5
ug/L
NNo0:2//NNO0~3
-= =
2. 71 & 3. 5 mgN/L 1. 3 & 1. 4 mqN/L
Metals are reported only when detected at levels above the max2mum
contaminant level. Nitrite/nitrate mgN/L are not reported. Two values
i(nNdO2?c/Na0t3e)
levels less two sampling
than 0.45 dates.
4-3
Table 4-lb. - Contaminants and pollutants detected during 1989 in stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network, by ~quifer (contd.)
Aquifer
Well ID, parameter, and detected value *
Floridan (Principal Artesian), continued
GWN-PA46A GWN-PA47 GWN-PA48
GWN-PA50 GWN-PA51 GWN-PAS2 GWN-PA53 GWN-PA5S
NNIr00o22//nNN00=33
1.13 mgN/L = 1.29 & 6.06 680 ug/L
mgN/L
= NNNSNNi0000O~2222z////v/NNNNNe00000r33333
1.49 & 1.9 mgN/L 0. 74 mgN/L 1. 7 mgN/L 3. 4 mgN/L
3. 7 mgN/L 64 ugLL
Miocene
GWN-MI1 GWN-MI4
GWN-MIS
GWN-MI6
GWN-MI7 GWN-MI8 GWN-MI9
GWN-MI10 GWN-MI11
GWN-MI13
GWN-MI15
Iron 400 &300 ug/L
MIraonngane4s1e0=u1g1/L0 ug/L
Manganese = 170 ug/L
= MN0a2n/Nga0n3 es
e
6
.
2 mgN/L 62 ug/L
= NNIr00o22//nNN0033
7. 8 mgN/L c 6. 4 mgN/L 730 ug/L
Iron 1,300 ug/L
NNIr00o22//nNN0033
2. 8 mgN/L 8. 2 mgN/L
soo ug/L
NIr0o2/nN03
0.86 mgN/L 2,400 ug/L
MN{_0Oa2n/VNgera0n3Me=CseL)14
220 ug/L . 7 mgN/L
Piedmont
GWN-P1B
Iron 2,500 ug/L
Manganese 59 ug/L
GWN-P2
Iron 1,500 ug/L
Manganese 86 ug/L
NSi02~/vNe0r3
1.1 mgN/L 52 ug/L
GWN-P3
Iron 980 & 6,300 ug/L
Manganese 62 ug/L
Ethylbenzene 1 & 1.3 ug/L
p, m & o Xylenes = 2 & 7.4 ug/L
Trimethyl benzene = 2 ug/L
TEothluyelmneet=hy5l .9beungze/Lne
1,2 Dichloropropane
=
2 ug/L 1.7 ug/L
* Metals are reported only when detected at levels above the max~mum
contaminant level. Nitrite/nitrate (NO~/N03 ) levels less than 0.45 mgN/L are not reported. Two values ind1cate two sampling dates.
4-4
Table 4-1c. - contaminants and pollutants detected during 1989 in stations of the Ground-Water Monitoring Network, by aquifer (cont'd.)
Aguifer
Well ID, parameter, and detected value *
Piedmont (continued)
GWN-P4B GWN-P6A GWN-P9 GWN-P10A
GWN-P12 GWN-P13
GWN-P15A GWN-P16C
Iron - 6,300 ug/L
MN0a2n/Nga0n3 ese
0.
4 7 86
mgN/L ug/L
Iron 2,000 ug/L
Manganese 260 ug/L
Iron 30,000 ug/L
MThaanlglaiunemse=
760 ug 94 ug/L
/L (No
MCL
established for thallium)
NIr0o2/nN0=3
3. 2 mgN/L 440 ug/L
MTraincghalnoersoeethy78lenueg/L=
Tetrachloroethylene
=1.67
.
u 8
g/L ug/L
Iron 480 & 480 ug/L
MIraonnga=ne3s,e50 08u6g&/L88 ug/L
Manganese 110 ug/L
Blue Ridge
GWN-BR1 GWN-BR2B GWN-BR4
Manganese 63 ug/L Iron 300 ug/L NO.,/NO-t 1. 9 mgN/L
Valley and Ridge
GWN-VR3 GWN-VRS GWN-VR8 GWN-VR9
NNNNO000;222////NNNNO000~333
0. 5 mgN/L 2. 8 mgN/L 1. 9 mgN/L 1. 0 mgN/L
* Metals are reported only when detected at levels above the maximum
contaminant level. Nitrite/nitrate mgN/L are not reported. Two values
i(nNd012/cNa0t3e)
levels less two sampling
than 0.45 dates.
4-5
REfERENCES CITED Brooks, R., Clarke, J.S., and Faye, R.E., 1985, Hydrogeology of the
Gordon Aquifer System of East-central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 75, 41 p. Clarke, J.S., Brooks, R., and Faye, R.E., 1985, Hydrogeology of the Dublin and Midville Aquifer systems of East-central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 74, 62 p. Clarke, J.S., Faye, R.E., and Brooks, R., 1983, Hydrogeology of the Providence Aquifer of Southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 11, 5 pl. Clarke, J.s., Faye, R.E., and Brooks, R., 1984, Hydrogeology of the Clayton Aquifer of Southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 13, 6 pl. Clarke, J.S., Hacke, C.M., and Peck, M.F., 1990, Geology and GroundWater Resources of the Coastal Area of Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 113, 106 p., 12 pl. Crews, P.A., and HuddlEtstun, P.F., 1984, Geolo~Jic sections of the Principal Artesiatt Aquifer system, .in Arol::-a, R., editor, Hydrogeologic Evaluation for Underground JCnj ection Control in the Coastal Plain of G;eorgia: Georgia Geologic: survey Hydrologic Atlas 10, 41 pl. Davis, K.R., Donahue, J.C., Hutcheson, R.B., and Waldrop, D.L., 1988, Most Significant Ground-Water Recharge Areas of Georgia: Georgia Geologic survey Hydrologic Atlas 18, 1 pl. Drever, J.I., 1988, The Geochemistry of Natural Waters: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 437 p. Environmental Protection Division, 1989, Rules for Safe Drinking water, Chapter 391-3-5, Revised June 1989, Georgia Department of Natural Resources 63 p. Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A., 1979, Groundwater: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 604 p. Hayes, L.R., Maslia, M.L., and Meeks, w.c., 1983, Hydrology and Model Evaluation of the Principal Artesian Aquifer, Dougherty Plain, Southwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 97, 93 p. Hicks, o.w., Krause, R.E., and Clarke, J.s., 1981, Geohydrology of the Albany Area, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 57, 31 p. Joiner, C.N., Reynolds, M.S., Stayton, W.L., and Boucher, F.G., 1988, Ground-Water Data for Georgia, 1987: United States Geological survey Open-File Report 88-323, 172 p.
4-6
Kellam, M.F., and Gorday, L.L., 1990, Hydrogeology of the Gulf Trough Apalachicola Embayment Area, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin 94, 74p.
Krause, R.E., 1979, Geohydrology of Brooks, Lowndes, and Western Echols counties, Georgia: United Statas Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 78-117, 48 p.
Long, A. F., 1989, Hydrogeology of the Clayton and Claiborne Aquifer Systems: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 19, 6 pl.
McFadden, s.s., and Perriello, P.D., 1983, Hydrogeology of the Clayton and Claiborne Aquifers in southwestern Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 55, 59 p.
Miller, J.A., 1986, Hydrogeologic Framework of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida and Parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1403B, 91 p.
Pollard, L.D., and Vorhis, R.C., 1980, The Geohydrology of the Cretaceous Aquifer System in Georgia: Georgia Geologic survey Hydrologic Atlas 3, 5 pl.
Sever, c.w., 1966, Reconnaissance of the Ground Water and Geology of
Thomas County, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 34, 14 p. Vincent, R.H., 1982, Geohydrology of the Jacksonian Aquifer in Central and East Central Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Hydrologic Atlas 8, 3 pl. Wait, R.L., 1960, Source and Quality of Ground Water in Southwestern Georgia: Georgia Geologic survey Information Circular 18, 74 p.
Watson, w., 1982, Aquifer Potential of the Shallow Sediments of the
Coastal Area of Georgia, in Arden, D.D., Beck, B.F., and Morrow,
E., Editors, Second Symposium on the Geology of the Southeastern Coastal Plain (March, 1979): Cieorgia Geologic survey Information Circular 53, pp. 183-194.
4-7
APPEBDXZ
UPBND:IX: ANALYSES OP SAMPLES COLLBCDD DUR:ING 1989
FOR THE GEORGIA GROUND-WATER MONITORING NETWORK
All water quality samples that are collected for the Georgia Ground-Water Monitoring Network are subjected to a Standard Analysis which includes tests for five 'indicator parameters, twelve common pesticides and industrial chemicals and thirty metals. Analyses for . additional parameters may be included for samples that are collected from an area where a possibility of ground-water pollution exists due to regional activities. These optional screens include tests for
agricultural chemicals, coal-tar creosote, phenols and anilines and volatile organic compounds (Tables A-1 through A-4). Because parameters
other than the five indicators and eight of the metals of the standard Analysis were detected very rarely, other parameters are listed in the appendix only when they were detected.
For this appendix, the following abbreviations are used:
SU
standard units
mg/L
= milligrams per liter (parts per million)
mgN/L
=milligrams per liter (parts per million), as
nitrogen
ug/L
= micrograms per liter (parts per billion) and
umhojcm = micromhos per centimeter
U
=less than (below detection limit). Where this
abbreviation is used for a figure that is a
calculated average, the average is below the
typical detection limit for the parameter
D
= for minimum values reported for a parameter,
indicates that the parameter was detected below
the usual detection limit (usually used when
the minimum would otherwise be below the
detection limit)
Underlined values listed for a parameter in the water quality data summaries indicates that the parameter was detected at levels above the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) listed in the Rules for Safe Drinking Water. Values that are both underlined and enclosed in parentheses indicate detected pollutants for
which no MCL has been established.
A-1
Table A-~. - standard water-quality analysis: indicator parameters, organic Screens f2 and f4 and ICP metal screen
Parameter
Typical Detection
Limit I MCL *
Parameter
Typical
Limit I
DMeCteLct*ion
ICP SCBEEN. Cant.
pH Spec. Cond. Chloride Sulfate
(NA) SO
1.0 I NA umbo/em
0.1 I 250 mg/L 2 2.0 I 250 mg/L 2
Silver
Aluminum
Arsenic **
Gold
30 1 50 50 INA 10 1 5o 10 INA
UCJ/L 1 UCJ/L
UCJ/L 1 UCJ/L
Nitrite; nitrate
o. 02 I 10 mg/LN 1
Barium Beryllium
10 I 1000 UCJ/L 1 10 I NA UCJ/L
ORGANIC SCBEEH #2
Bismuth
30 INA UCJ/L
(Chlorinated Pesticides)
Dicofol
0.10 1 NA_ ug/L
Cadmium Cobalt
5.o 1 10 UCJ/L 1
10 INA Ug/L
Endrin
0.03 1 0.2 ug/L 1
Lindane
0.008 1 4.0 ugjL 1
Methoxychlor 0.30 1 100 UCJ/L 1
PCB's
0.60 I NA ugiL
Chromium Copper Iron Manganese
10 I so ugiL 1 20 I 1000 UCJIL 2 10 I 300 UCJ/L 2 10 I 50 Uc;J/L 2
Permethrin 0.30 1 NA ug/L
Molybdenum
10 I NA UCJ/L
Toxaphene 1.20 1 5.0 ug/L 1 QRGAHIC SCBEEN #4
Nickel Lead Antimony
20 I NA UCJ/L 25 I so ug/L 1 40 UCJ/L
(Phenoxy Herbicides)
2,4-D
5.2 I 100 UCJ/L 1
Selenium **
Tin
s I 10 ugiL 1
20 INA ug/L
Acifluorfen 0.2 1 NA ug/L
Strontium
10 INA UCJ/L
Chloramben 0.2 1 NA UCJ/L
Titanium
10 I NA UCJ/L
Silvex
0.1 I 10 ug/L 1
Trichlorfon 2.0 1 NA ug/L
Thallium vanadium
40 INA UCJIL 10 I NA Uc;J/L
ICP METAL SCBEEN
Yttrium
10 / NA ugiL
Calcium Magnesium
1.0 / NA mg/L 1.0 I NA mg/L
Zinc Zirconium
20 I 5000 ugiL 2 10 I NA UCJ/L
Sodium
1.0 I NA mg/L
llr* Analyzed by atomic absorption
graphite furnace
*PMoCtaLss=iuMmaximumsC.oonItaNmAinamntg/LLevel from the Georgia Rules for Safe
Drinkinq Water, established)
1989
( 1
Primary, 2
Secondary,
NA
no MCL
A-2
Table A-2. - Additional water-quality analyses: cyanide, mercury and Orqanic Screens #1, f3, #5 and f7
Parameter Cyanide
Typical Detection Limit
0.05 Uq/L
Parameter Mercury
Typical Detection Limit
0.2 I 2.0 u;VL *
Atrazine
H
Azodrin
I
Chlorpyrifos I
Dasanit
I
DCPA
H
Demeton
I
Diazinon
I
Dimethoate I
Di-syston
I
Eptam
H
Ethoprop
I
Fonophos
I
Guthion
I
Isopropalin H
QBGANJ;~ SCREEH iJ.
(Herbicides (H)/Insecticides (I))
0.30 uq/L
Malathion
I
1.00 Uq/L
Metolachlor H
0.80 uq/L
Metribuzin
H
0.60 uq/L
Mevinphos
H
0.01 uq/L
Parathion (E) I
1.00 Uq/L
Parathion (M) I
1.00 uq/L
Pebulate
H
0.50 uq/L
Pendimethalin H
1.00 uq/L
Phorate
I
0.50 uq/L
Profluralin H
0.50 uq/L
Simazine
H
0.50 uq/L
Sutan
H
2.00 uq/L
Trifluralin H
1.00 uq/L
Vernam
H
1.40 uq/L 1.00 uq/L 0.90 uq/L 1.40 uq/L 0.08 uq/L 0.10 uq/L 0.60 uq/L 0.80 uq/L 1.00 uq/L 0.90 uq/L 0.90 uq/L 0.70 uq/L 1.00 uq/L 0.50 uq/L
Dinoseb
QRGANJ;~ ~CREEl! iJ
0.10 uq/L
(Herbicide)
ORG6li:t~ ~CREEiH i~
(Herbicides (H)/Insecticides (I))
carbaryl
I 10.0 uq/L
Linuron
H 1.0 uq/L
carbofuran I 2.0 uq/L
Methomyl
I 3.0 uq/L
Diuron
H 1.0 Uq/L
Monuron
H 1.0 ug/L
Fluometuron H 1.0 ug/L
iZ QBGM:t~ ~CREEl!
EDB 1.0 uq/L
(fumigant, gasoline additive)
* Primary Maximum Contaminant Level for Mercury.
A-3
Table A-3. - Additional water-quality analyses: organic Screens #8 and #9
PArameter
ORGAHIC SCBEEN #8
(Extractable Organics: Coal-tar Creosote) Typical D~t~Qti2D Limit
Naphthalene
10 Ug/L
2-Cbloronaphthalene
10 ug/L
Acanaphthylene
10 Ug/L
Acanaphthene
10 ug/L
Fluorene
10 Ug/L
Phenanthrene
10 ug/L
Anthracene
10 ug/L
Fluoranthene
10 ug/L
Pyrena
10 ug/L
Benzo(A)Anthracene
10 ug/L
Benzo(B)Fluoranthene
10 ug/L
Benzo(K)Fluoranthene
10 ug/L
Benzo-A-Pyrene
10 ug/L
Indeno(1,2,3-CD)Pyrene
10 ug/L
Benzo(GHI)Perylene
10 ug/L
Parameter
QRGAHIC SCBEEH #9 (Extractable Organics: Phenols and Aniline)
Typical Detection Limit
Aniline
10 ug/L
2-Chlorophenol
10 ug/L
2-Nitrophenol
10 ug/L
Phenol
10 ug/L
2,4-Dimethylphenol
10 ug/L
2,4-Dichlorophenol
10 ug/L
2, 4, 6-Trichlorophenol
10 ug/L
Parachlorometa cresol
10 ug/L
2,4-Dinitrophenol
50 ug/L
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
50 ug/L
Pentachlorophenol
20 ug/L
4-Nitrophenol
50 ug/L
A-4
Table A-4. - Additional water-quality analyses: Organic Screen flO
Parameter Methylene chloride
OBGANIC SCREEN flO (Volatile organics)
Typical Detection Limit I Primary MCL 5 uqiL I NA
Trichlorofluoromethane
1 ugiL I NA
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1 ugiL I 7 uqiL
1,1-Dichloroethane
1 ugiL I 5 uqiL
1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene
Chloroform *
( * Indicates a tri-
Dichlorobromomethane * halomethane compound;
Chlorodibromomethane * MCL for total trihalo-
Bromoform *
methanes 100 uqiL)
1 uqiL INA
1 ugiL I *
1 ugiL I *
1 ugiL I * 1 ugiL I *
1,2-Dichloroethane
1 ugiL I NA
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1 uqiL I 200 uqiL
Carbon tetrachloride
1 uqiL I 5 uqiL
1,2-Dichloropropane
1 uqiL I NA
Trans-1,3-dichloropropene
1 uqiL I NA
Trichloroethylene
1 uqiL I 5 uqiL
Benzene
1 uqiL I 5 uqiL
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1 uqiL I NA
Cis-1,3-dichloropropene
1 ugiL I NA
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 ugiL I NA
Tetrachloroethylene
1 ugiL I NA
Toluene
1 ugiL I NA
Chlorobenzene
1 ugiL I NA
Ethylbenzene
1 ugiL I NA
Acetone
10 uqiL I NA
Methyl ethyl ketone
10 uqiL I NA
carbon disulfide
1 ugiL I NA
Vinyl chloride
10 uqiL I 2 ~9IL
Isopropyl acetate
1 ugiL I NA
2-Hexanone
1 ugiL I NA
Methyl isobutyl ketone
1 ugiL I NA
Styrene
1 ugiL I NA
Xylene (Total of o, m, and p-xylenes)
1 ugiL I NA
A-5
PARAMETER
UIIITS WELL IDI
VATER QUALITY FOR THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM
pH Ca Mg
Na
IC
Fe Mn Cl S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Ott.r
U03
Cond. Par~~~~etert
su mg/l . mg/l
lllg/l
lllg/l
ug/l ug/l
mg/L
mg/L ~ngN/L
ug/L
Detected ug/L ..tro/aa ug/l
6WM-IC1
4.8 1.0 u 1.0 u 1.8 5.0 u 100
WEll NAME: Englehard ICaoltn Company 12, 6ordon
COUNTY: Wilkinson
DATE SAMPLED: 06/13/1989
10 u 2.2
2.0 u 0.40 10 u 10 u
24 Al29
M-IC2
4.5 1.3 l.OU 1.7
WEll NAME: Irwinton 12
COUNTY: Vtlk inson
DATE SAMPLED: 06/13/1989
5.0 u 29
10 u 1.8
3.5 0.17 10 u 10 u
27 Al 58
6WM-IC3
8.5 19.0 1.4 2.4 5.0 u 130 27 2.0 8.5 0.02 u 22 63
119
WELl NAME: Sandersville 178
COUNTY: Washington
DATE SAMPLED: 04/20/1989
,.,
6WM-l5
5.9 l.OU l.OU 1.4 5.0 u 20 u 20 u 2.0 u 2.0 u 0.02 u 10 u 10 u
WEll IIAME: Richmond County 1101, Augusta
17
I
COUIITY: Richmond
0\
DATE SAMPLED: 04/19/1989
6VNIC5
8.3 l.OU l.OU 1.3 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 1.4 2.0 u 0.40 10 u 10 u 14
WEll NAME: Richmond County 1101, Augusta
COUNTY: Richmond
DATE SAMPLED: 09/12/1989
6VIt-IC6A
5.8 4.2 1.0 u 3.4 . 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.8 4.2 0.02 u 15 58
WELL NAME: Huber Corporat ton 16
COUNTY: Twiggs
DATE SAMPLED: 06/15/1989
53 Zn 89
Other Screens Tested
10 1, 5, 10 8, 9, Hg 8, 9, Hg CN
VATER QUALITY FOR THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl S04 N02 Be Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UNITS su lllg/L mg/L mg/L lllg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L lllg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L lllrho/aa ug/L
---V-E-L-L---ID--I-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6VN-K7
5.4 1.8 l.DU 1.5 5.D u 2D u 1D u 2.D 2.D u D.D2 u 13 11
31
VELL NAME: Jones County 14, Macon
COUJITY: Jones
DATE SAMPLED: 06/15/1989
6VN-k9
3.8 1.4 l.D u 1.1
VELL NAME: Marsha llv tlle 11
COUNTY: Macon
DATE SAMPLED: 06/13/1989
5.D u 1!2
1D u 1.6
7.9 D.02 u 1D u 1D u
47 Al 34D
1, 5, 1D
6VN-K10
4.9 1.3 l.DU 2.7 2.0 u 2D u 10 u 3.2 2.0 u D.98 20 u 10 u 3D
1D
VELL NAME: Fort Valley 11
COUNTY: Peach
DATE SAMPLED: Dl/26/1989
6VN-K10
4.9 1.3 l.DU 2.9 5.D u 2D u 1D u 2.8 2.D u D.80 1D u 10 u 3D
1D
>I '
VELL NAME: Fort Valley 11 COUNTY: Peach
~
DATE SAMPLED: D6/13/1989
6VN-Kll
5.D l.OU l.DU 1.3 2.D u 10D 1D u 1.3 2.D u 0.23 2D u 10 u 15
1D
VELL NAME: Varner Robtns 11A
COUNTY: Houston
DATE SAMPLED: D1/26/1989
6VN-K11
5.1 l.D u l.D u 1.1 5.0 u 20 1D u 1.0 2.D u 0.12 1D u 10 u 14
10
VELL NAME: Varner Robtns 11A
COUNTY: Houston
DATE SAMPLED: 06/13/1989
WATER QUALITY FOR THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
UIIITS WELL IDI
pH Ca Mg
Na K
Fe Mn Cl
S04 1102 Be
Sr Spec. Other
IN03
Cond. Par. .tera
Detected
SU mg/L mg/L III!J/L mg/L ug/L ug/L III!J/L 111!1/L lllgft/L ug/L ug/L lllflto/r:tl ug/L
I
Other Screens Tested
------------------------------------ --------------------------~---- ---------------- --- -------------------------- --------------------------------- --
M-Kif
4.0 l.OU l.OU 1.2 2.0 u 240 12 1.9 5.1 0.02 u 20 u 10 u 48 Al 390
10
WELL NAME: Perry, Holtdly Inn Well
Zn 58
COUNTY: Houston
DATE SAMPLED: 01/26/1989
M-Kl2
3.9 1.0 u 1.0 u 1.2 5.0 u 180 11 1.4 : 7.2 0.02 u 10 u 10 u 45 Al 370
5, 10
WELL NAME: Perry, Holtdly Inn Well
Zn 42
COUNTY: Houston
OAT SAMPLED: 06/14/1989
M-K13
8.5 2.3 1.0 u 45.0 2.0 u 20 u 10 u u.s 8.5 0.02 u 10 u 45
167
3, 5
WELL NAME: Dnllhl 11
COUNTY: Stewart
DATE SAMPLED: 11/28/1989
6W-K14
7.8 13.0 1.0 u 24.0 2.4 100 10 u 7.7 7.1 0.02 u 17 220
159
t
WELL NAME: Fort 8enntng Test Well COUNTY: thattahoochee
CD
DATE SAMPLED: 11/29/1989
M-Kts
8.9 1.0 u 1.0 u 81.0 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 7.9 2.0 u 0.02 u 10 u 17
334
10
WELL NAME: GeorgetCMn 12
COUNTY: Quttman
DATE SAMPLED: 11/28/1989
6W-K18
5.3 1.0 u 1.0 u 4.5 2.0 u 22 10 u 2.2 2.0 u 0.19 20 u 10 u 26 Zn 31
10
WELL flAME: Packagtng Corporation of America, florth Well
COUNTY: 8tbb
DATE SAMPLED: 01/26/1989
WATER QUALITY FOR THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER UIIITS
VELLIDI
pH Ca . Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
IN03
Cond. Parameters
Detected
su lllg/L III!J/L lllg/L rrg/L ug/L ug/L III!J/L rrg/L 111gN/L ug/L ug/L Wfho/Cfl ug/L
Other .screens Tested
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6VN-K16
5.4 1.0 u 1.0 u 5.3 5.0 u 20 10 u 2.2 2.4 0.24 10 u 10 u 30
10
WELL NAME: Packagtng Corporatton of Amertca, North Well
COUNTY: Btbb
DATE SAMPLED: 06/13/1989
6VN-K11A
4.8 1.1 LOU 1.2 2.0 u 110 10 u 1.7 2.9 0.06 20 u 10 u 28 Al 28
10
WELL NAME: Buena Vtsta 16
COUNTY: Marton
DATE SAMPLED: 03/30/1989
6VN-K19
5.0 l.OU l.OU 1.3 2.0 u 27 10 u 1.7 2.0 u 0.02 u 10 u 10 u 15 Cu 38
10
WELL NAME: Hephztbah, Murphy Street Well (13)
COUNTY: Rtchnond
DATE SAMPLED: 09112/1989
Average:
5.55 2.22 0.07 u. 8.92 0.1 u 86.57 2.38 u 2.86 2.83 0.17 3.19 u 19.62 60.43
':'
~
Maxt1111111: Mtnt. . .:
8.9 19.0 1.4 45.0 3.8 l.OU l.OU 1.1
2.4 2.0
u
740 20
u
27
10 u
11.5 2.0 U/
8.5 0.98 22 2.0 U 0.02 U 10 U
220 10
u
334 14
1.0 D
VATER QUALITY FOR THE PROVIDENCE AQUIFER SYSTEM
PMAMETER
pH ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl
S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
Other
1103
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UIIITS SU 1119/l 111!1/l 111!1/l 111!1/l ug/l ug/l 111!1/l lllg/l lllgN/l ug/l ug/l tJiftro/err. ug/l
---W--E--ll--ID--f--------------------------- -------------------------.------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M-PD1
8.9 6.5 1.0 u 88.0 2.0 uL.UJl 10 u l.OU 7.1 0.02 u 10 u 77
350 Al 3,000
1, 5
WEll NAME: TV 10 - Albany
Tl 100
COUIITY: Dougherty
DATE SAMPLED: 10/24/1989
M-PD2A 5.9 10.0 1.0 u 1.6
WEll flAME: Preston 12 COUNTY: Webster DATE SAMPLED: 03/30/1989
M-PD3
8.0 6.0 1.1 78.0
WEll flAME: Fort 6atnes 12
COUNTY: Clay
DATE SAMPLED: lli28/1989
2.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.0 u 2.0 u 0.47 20 u 14 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 11.1 11.1 0.02 u 10 u 100
52 Zn 170 288
1, s. 10
M-PD4A 7.2 43.0 2.3 2.7 2.1 73 12 2.0 u 13.7 0.02 u 20 u 220
.~.I.
0
WELL flAME: Allier tcus 13 COUNTY: Sllllter OAT SAMPLED: 03/30/1989
234 (Tetra"blg!J! ethylene 2. O)
M-PD4A
7.4 (No
~netal
WEll flAME: Alnerfcus 13
COUNTY: Sumter
DATE SAMPLED: 06/14/1989
....,le
taken)
1.4 13.0 0.02 U (flo tlq)le) 209
1, 3, s. 10
10
Average: Max flllllll: lttnt. .:
7.48 16.37 8.9 43 5.9 6.0
0.85 u 42.57
2.3 1.0
u
88.0 1.6
0.65 u 418.25
2.6 2.0
u
12,6000u
3.0 u 2.5
12
10
u
11.1 2.0
u
8.98
13.7 2.0
u
0.094
0.47 0.02
u
10 10 10
u u u
102.75 220 14
226.6 350 52
WATER QUALITY FOR THE CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec . Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UNITS SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L lllg/L mg/L lllgN/L ug/L ug/L lllrtwJ/cm ug/L
---W--E-L-L--1-01----------------------------------------------------..---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M-en
7.8 9.6 4.8 37.0 2.6 ~ 11
WELL NAME: Turner Ctty Well
COUNTY: Dougherty
DATE SAMPLED: 10/25/1989
1.0 u 11.2 0.02 u 10 u 240
250 tu 37
M-tT2A 7.5 43.0 3.0 6.3 WELL NAME: Burton Thomas Well COUNTY: Sumter DATE SAMPLED: 10/16/1989
2.0 u 110
10 u 0.1 17.8 0.02 u 10 u 280
217 Bt 57 Mo. 10
v 10
Zn 33
1. 3, 5
M-CT3
7.5 46.0 4.6 7.7 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 1.8 13.0 0.02 u 10 u 440
WELL NAME: Dawson, Crawford Street Well
COUNTY: Terrell
DATE SAMPLED: 10/17/1989
249 Bt 48 Co 11 Mo. 10
v 11
1, 3, 5, 10
M-CT4
7.5 47.0 3.4 5.4 2.0 u 150 10 u 2.1 9.6 0.02 u 11 280 250 Au 37
~......
WEll NAME: C. T. Marttn TW 2 COUNTY: Randolph DATE SAMPLED: 10/23/1989
8t 92 Co 16 Mo. 17
v 18
1, 3, 5
M-CTSA 7.5 47.0 4.0 2.2 2.0 u 170 36
WEll NAME: Cuthbert 13 COUNTY: Randolph DATE SAMPLED: 10/17/1989
2.1 11.2 0.02 u 17 160
246 Bt 70 Co 11 Moll
v 12
1, 3, 5, 10
WATER QUALITY FOR THE CLAYTON AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARMETER
pH Ca Mg
IC
Fe Mn
Cl
504 102 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
&1103
Cond. Par. .terl
Other
Screens
Oetec~ed
Tested
UNITS SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L ~ngN/L ug/L ug/L wlto/cra ug/L
----V-E-LL--JD-I----------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------,-----------------
M-tT81
7.3 110.0 3.2 7.1 3.2 ygg JB
VELL NAME: Fort &atnet Test Well
COUNTY: Clay
DATE SAMPLED: ll/28/1989
7.1 60.0 0.02 u 36 160
530 Zn 100
1, 3, 5
Average:
Maxt~~~n:
Mtnt-:
7.48 50.43
7.6 110.0 7.3 9.6
3.83 4.8 3.0
10.95 37.0 2.2
0.97 u 853.3 24.5
3.2 2.0
u
4100 20
u
100 10
u
2.28 20.47
7.6 60.0 1.0 U/ 9.8
0.02
0.02 0.02
u u u
10.67
38 10
u
260 440
160
0.1 0
290.3 530 217
:r
~
N
VATER QUALITY FOR THE CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMTER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Hn Cl S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
Other
IN03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UNITS SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L llflto/CIII ug/L
WELL 101
---------------- -------- --- -- ---- ----- ----- ------- ---- -------------------- ---- --------- -- ---- ---- ---------- --------------------- ------- ------ ---
M-Cll
7.3 56.0 8.6 9.3 2.9 IS 10 u 4.1 3.0 0.02 u 10 u 360
VELL NAME: TV 5 - Albany
COUNTY: Dougherty
DATE SAMPLED: 10/25/1989
340 Au 32 Bt 84 Co 14 Mo 14
v 15
M-CU
7.2 46.0 1.0 u 1.7 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 1.8 0.1 7.9 10 110
VELL NAME: Unadilla 13
COUNTY: Dooly
DATE SAMPLED: 10/16/1989
204 (Dfn2seb g145!
1, 3, 5
6VN-CL3
5.1 1.3 1.0 u 1.5 2.0 u LlU 14
VELL NAME: Pete Long TV 2
COUNTY: Lee
DATE SAMPLED: 10/16/1989
2.1 2.0 u 0.02 u 10 u 11
20 Al 38
1. 3, 5
...IIIII
I
w
6VN-tl4
4.6 2.4 1.5
VELL NAME: Platns 13
COUNTY: Sinter
DATE SAMPLED: 03/30/1989
4.8 2.0 u 20 u n
7.2 2.0 u 3.50 20 u 17
65 Al 45 Cu 130 y 14
Zn 29
1, 3, 5, 7. 10
6VN-CL5
4.3 4.7 2.4 3.0 3.1
20 u !S 10.9 2.0 u 7.60 56
34
102 Al 210
VELL NAME: Shellman 12
Co 27
COUNTY: Randolph
y 55
DATE SAMPLED: 10/11/1989
6VN-tl6
7.7 36.0 8.1 19.0 3.8 71 10 u 4.1 3.2 0.02 u 10 u 430 225
VELL NAM: Georgta Tubing Company Vell
COUNTY: Early
DATE SAMPLED: 11/28/1989
1, 3, 5
WATER QUALITY FOR THE CLAIBORNE AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
K
Fe Mn Cl
504 N02 Be 1103
Sr Spec. Other Cond. Parameters
Other Screens
Detected
Tested
UIUTS su 1119/L 1119/L 1119/L 1119/L ug/L ug/l 1119/l 1119/l mgl/l ug/l ug/l lllftw:J/f:lll ug/l
---V--E--l-li-D--I---------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------
MCl7A 7.8 60.0 2.0 2.6 2.0 u 100 10 u 2.6 5.5 0.02 u 20 u 190
302
7
VELl NAME: Vet. Memortel State Perk TV 2
COUNTY: Crtsp
DATE SAMPLED: 03/27/19~9
Averege: MextiUI: MtntiUI:
&.26 29.49 3.23 5.99 1.4 u 245.86 75.14 4.88
7.7 60 4.3 1.3
8.6 1.0
u
19.0 1.55
3.8 1,200 450 10.9
2.0 u 20 u 10 u 1.8
1.69 u 2.71 9.43 164.57
5.5 7.9 56 430 2.0 U/ 0.02 U 10 U 11 0.1 D
179.7 340 20
.~..
~
WATER QUALITY FOR THE JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl
S04 N02 . Ba Sr Spec. Other
Other
loN03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UNITS SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/an ug/L
----W-E-LL---ID--I-
6VN-J1A
---7--.6---8--6-.0------1-.4------3--.1------5-.0---u----2-8-0------2-1-------3-.-0----
~
2--.0---u---0-.0-2---u---6-7-------8-8
------------323
------------------------
Al 300
.. ------
I, 3, 5
WELL NAME: Vi dette New We 11
Cu 46
COUNTY: Burke
Sb 31
DATE SAMPLED: 04/19/1989
Zn "' 100
6WN-JIB
7.2 56.0 1.0 4.2 2.0 u 55 10 u 9.6 2.0 u 2.10 23
27
WELL NAME: Horton Residence Well
COUNTY: Burke
DATE SAMPLED: 09/13/1989
255 Zn = 46
I, 3, 5
6WN-J2A
8.0 50.0 1.0 u 1.4 5.0 u 20 u 20 u 2.0 u 2.0 u 0.34 44 57
261
WELL NAME: Oakwood Village MHP 12
COUNTY: Burke
DATE SAMPLED: 04/19/1989
1, 3, 5, 10
GWN-J3
7.7 36.0 6.0 10.0 2.0 u 110 130 8.0 2.0 u 0.02 u 720 300
250
WELL NAME: J. W. Black Well, Canoochee
.~..
COUNTY: Emanuel DATE SAMPLED: 01/25/1989
Ul
6WN-J4
7.6 48.0 2.3 3.4 2.0 U 20 U 10 U 2.7 4.7 0.12 20 u 180
245
WELL NAME: Wrightsville 14, North Myrtle Street Well
COUNTY: Johnson
DATE SAMPLED: 01/25/1989
1, 5, 10
GWN-J4
7.5 47.0 2.4 3.4 5.0 U 20 U 33
2.3 6.3 0.02 u 10 u 190
257
I, 5
WELL NAME: Wrightsville 14, North Myrtle Street Well
COUNTY: Johnson
DATE SAMPLED: 06/13/1989
WATER QUALITY FOR THE JACKSONIAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
UNITS
su mg/l mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
ug/l ug/l
mg/l
mg/l mgN/l
ug/l
Detected ug/l urrtto/cm ug/l .
Tested
W--E-l-l --ID--I --------------
GVN-J5
7.6 69.0
-----------------2.5 3.2
-5--.0---u---
--2-0--u----2-5-------2-.-I-
...
---1-1-.0-----0--.0-2---u---1-0--u----2-3-0--------3-4-8-----S-n----3-3-------
----------------1, 3, 5,
WEll NAME: Cochran 13
10
COUNTY: Bleck ley
DATE SAMPLED: 06/14/1989
GVN-J8
7.3 27.0 l.OU 1.9 5.0 u 170 20 u 2.0 u 6.6 0.02 14
97
153
WEll NAME: Wrens 14
COUNTY: Jefferson
DATE SAMPLED: 04/20/1989
1, 5, 10
GVN-J8
8.6 29 .0 1.1 1.7 2.0 u 190 12
1.8 7.0 0.02 u 14 100
144
WEll NAME: Wrens 14
COUNTY: Jefferson
DATE SAMPLED: 09/13/1989
1, 5, 10
6VN-J7
4.9 2.6 1.4 4.1 2.0 u 20 u 10
7.6 2.0 u 2.30 23
17
48 Al 29
1, 5
WEll NAME: Templeton ltvestock Well
:...
COUNTY: Burke
I
DATE SAMPLED: 09/12/1989
~
G\
GVN-J8
4.9 10.0 1.6 5.4 2.0 u 45 Z1
8.9 2.0 u 7.10 38
20
91 Ag 62
1
WEll NAME: Kahn Restdence Well
Al 43
COUNTY: Jefferson
Au 82
DATE SAMPLED: 09/13/1989
Bt 170
Co 38
Mo. 34
v 36
Average: Maxtmum: Mtntmum:
6.99 41.87 1.79 3.8
8.0 86.0 4.9 2.6
6.0 1.0
u
10.0 1.4
2.0 5.0
u u
2.0 u
77.27 27.54
280 20
u
130 10
u
4.18 3.24
9.6 2.0
u
11.0 2.0
1.09 85.73 118.73
7.10 0.02
u
720 10
u
300 17
Zn 26
215.9 348 48
WATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
IN03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
tmiTS SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm ug/L
--W--E-L-L--ID--I--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GVN-PA1
7.7 27.0 9.2 15.0 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 14.3 5.8 0.02 u 12 380
WELL NAME: Thunderbolt 11
COUNTY: Chatham
DATE SAMPLED: 05\24\1989
273 Bt 23
6W-PA2A
7.7 25.0 8.1 11.0 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 4.1 4.9 0.02 u 14 300
WELL NAME: Savannah #6
COUNTY: Chatham
DATE SAMPLED: 05\23\1989
225 jBts 12-Eth~lhex~l}- 8, 9 phthalate 127} 81 20
GVN-PA4
7.7 35.0 25.0 49.0 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 25.0 98.0 0.02 u 10 1,200
WELL NAME: Tybee Island 11
COUNTY: Chatham
DATE SAMPLED: 05\24\1989
590 Bt 36
:r
~
-.I
GW-PASA
7.7 27.0 15.0 16.0 2.9
53 10 u 5.7 35.5 0.10 u 30 440
WELL NAME: Interstate Paper Company 12, Riceboro
COUNTY: Liberty
DATE SAMPLED: 12\21\1989
6W-PA6
7.5 24.0 12.0 14.0 3.0
WELL NAME: Htnesv111e IS
COUNTY: Liberty
DATE SAMPLED: 12\21\1989
20 u 10 u 4.6 22.9 0.10 u 23 370
302 Cu 35 263
6W-PA7
7.6 48.0 28.0 24.0 2.0 u 130 10 u 23.1 121.0 0.10 u 52 760
531
WELL NAME: Darten New Well
COUNTY: Mcintosh
DATE SAMPLED: 12\21\1989
WATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARMETER pH Ca Mg Na K
Fe Mn Cl 504 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
IJIIJTS su mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l ug/l ug/l mg/l mg/l mgN/l ug/l ug/l tlllfto/an ug/l
-..W--E-L-L--1-0-1--------------------------------------------------------------------..------------------------------------------------------------------
6WII-PA8
7.7 33.0 17.0 17 .o 2.9
20 u 10 u 7.4 52.8 0.10 u 73 550
350
WELL NAME: ITT/Rayonter 14d, Doctortown
COUNTY: Wayne
DATE SAMPLED: 12\18\1989
6WN-PA9A
7.6 43.0 25.0 13.0 2.1
40 10 u 15.1 101.6 0.10 u 44 420
469
8, 9
WEll NAME: Brunswtck Pulp and Paper Company South 2
COUNTY: Glynn
DATE SAMPLED: 12\19\1989
6WN-PA98
7.8 67.0 53.0 110.0 3.6 1.200 11 90.2 168.1 0.10 u 89 1,000 1,380
8, 9
WEll NAME: Brunswtck Pulp and Paper Company South 1
COUNTY: Glynn
DATE SAMPLED: 12\19\1989
6VN-PA9C
7.7 41.0 26.0 18.0 2.0 u 77 10 u 20.7 98.5 0.10 u 41 660
450
8, 9
.>.I . '
WEll NAME: Mtller Ball Park TW 25 COUNTY: Glynn DATE SAMPLED: 12\20\1989
6\111-PAlOB 7.2 78.0 41.0 54.0 2.8 20 u 10 u 60.4 146.0 0.10 u 39 780
WELL NAME: Gtlman Paper Company Ill, St. Marys COUNTY: Camden
DATE SAMPLED: 12\20\1989
919 8t 33
6VN-PAllB 7.2 74.0 35.0 24.0 2.0 u 68 10 u 32.4 141.4 0.10 u 36 650
698
5
WELL NAME: St. Mary's Well 13
COUNTY: Camden
DATE SAMPLED: 12\20\1989
WATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl
S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UNITS SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L llllho/cm ug/L
WELL IDI
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GVN-PA12
7.6 70.0 29.0 22.0 2.1
43 10 u 29.2 121.6 0.10 u 33 520
630
WELL NAME: Folkston 13
COUNTY: Charlton
DATE SAMPLED: 12\20\1989
6VN-PA13
7.6 42.0 17.0 15.0 2.0 u 22 10 u 14.2 58.4 0.10 u 71 350
385
8, 9
WELL NAME: Waycross 13
COUNTY: Ware
DATE SAMPLED: 12\20\1989
6WN-PA14
7.8 35.0 5.1 7.0 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 6.3 28.0 6.00 33 200
223
WELL NAME: Statesboro 17
COUNTY: Bulloch
DATE SAMPLED: 01\25\1989
6WN-PA15
7.8 28.0 9.1 8.3 4.1
29 10 u 2.5 2.7 0.02 u 20 u 430
231
CN
'..r..
\D
WELL NAME: Ktng Ftntshtng Company, Ftre Pump Well, Dover COUNTY: Screven DATE SAMPLED: 01\25\1989
6WN-PA16
7.7 49.0 3.2 4.8 2.0 u 20 u 33
5. 6 6.0 0.02 u 20 u 210
262
1, 5
WELL NAME: Mt llen 11
COUNTY: Jenktns
DATE SAMPLED: 01\25\1989
6WN-PA17
7.6 49.0 2.0 3.4 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.9 2.0 u 0.02 u 170 170
254
WELL NAME: Swatnsboro 17
COUNTY: Emanuel
DATE SAMPLED: 01\25\1989
WATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
UNITS WEll 101
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl
S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
su mg/l mg/l
mg/L
mg/l
ug/L ug/L
mg/L
mg/L mgN/L
ug/L
Detected ug/l ...tto/cm ug/l
Other Screens Tested
----- ---------- ---- -- -- --- -------- -- --- --- ----- ------------ -- -- -- ---- --- -- -- ---- -- --- -- ----- -- -- ------ ----- -- ---- --- --------- --- --- -------- ----
6WN-PA18
7.8 32.0 3.5 11.0 2.1
20 u ~
3.9 2.0 u 0.02 u 27 260
218
WEll NAME: Metter 12
COUNTY: Candler
DATE SAMPLED: 01\25\1989
6WN-PA20
7.4 47.0 16.0 4.8 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.3 72.0 0.02 u 30 200
WELl NAME: lakeland 12
COUNTY: Lanter
DATE SAMPLED: 02\07\1989
6VN-PA20 7.6 44.0 16.0 4.6 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.2 70.0 0.02 u 28 190
WEll NAME: lakeland 12 COUIITY: Lanter DATE SAMPLED: 07\12\1989
6WN-PA21
7.3 42.0 4.6 3.3 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 4.5 49.0 0.02 u 53
63
~
N 0
WELl NAME: Valdosta 11 COUNTY: Lowndes DATE SAMPLED: 02\07\1989
6WN-PA21
7.5 34.0 4.2 3.2 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 4.5 35.0 0.02 u 42
52
WEll NAME: Valdosta 11
COUNTY: Lowndes
DATE SAMPLED: 07\12\1989
6WN-PA22 7.5 49.0 20.0 8.2 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 7.3 72.0 0.02 u 35 360
WELl NAME: Thomasv llle 16 COUNTY: Thomas DATE SAMPLED: 02\22\1989
360
10
362 8t 32
10
247
1, 5, 8,
9, 10
225 (Bis (2-eth~lhex~l!- 1, 5, 8,
~hthalate 38 .6!
9, 10
395
VATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
IC
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UNITS SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm ug/L .
--W--E-L-L--ID--f--------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
6WN-PA23
7.6 39.0 16.0 12.0 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 6.4 34.0 0.02 u 190 360
WELL NAME: Catro 18
COUNTY: Grady
DATE SAMPLED: 02\22\1989
6VN-PA24
7.7 38.0 3.2
WELL NAME: Batnbrtdge 11
COUNTY: Decatur
DATE SAMPLED: 02\22\1989
2.2 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.3
2.0 u 1.20 20 u 38
6VN-PA24
7.8 37.0 3.3
WELL NAME: Batnbrldge 11
COUNTY: Decatur
DATE SAMPLED: 07\11\1989
1.8 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.1
2.0 u 1.30 10 u 36
GVN-PA25
7.4 56.0 l.OU 4.2 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 4.7 2.0 u 1.20 20 u 26
~
WELL NAME: Donalsonville, East 7th Street Well COUNTY: Seminole
.~ ....
DATE SAMPLED: 02\22\1989
6VN-PA25
7.6 52.0 l.OU 3.4 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 4.6 2.0 u 1.20 10 u 24
WELL NAME: Donalsonville, East 7th Street Well
COUNTY: Seminole
DATE SAMPLED: 07\11\1989
GVN-PA26 7.4 49.0 l.OU 2.4 WELL NAME: Colquitt 13 COUNTY: Ml ller DATE SAMPLED: 02\23\1989
5.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.4
2.0 u 1.80
20 u 21
332 Mo. 25 216 223 274 292 Sn 26 227
10
3, 7. 10
1, 3, 5, 7. 10 3, 7. 10
1, 3, s. 10,
CN 3, 10
WATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
UNITS WELL IDI
pH Ca Mg
Na
IC
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
su mg/L mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L ug/L
mg/L
mg/L mgN/L
ug/L
Detected ug/L unm/cm ug/L
Other Screens Tested
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VN-PA26 7.7 44.0 l.OU 1.9 WEll NAME: Colquttt 13 COUNTY: Mt ller DATE SAMPLED: 07\11\1989
5.0 u 22
10 u 3.3
2.0 u 1.40 10 u 19
228 Al 69 Zn 35
1, 3, 5, 10
6VN-PA27 7.6 so.o 1.2 2.1 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.5 0.4 0.02 u 20 u 42
299
WELL NAME: Camtlla New Well (14)
COUNTY: Mttchell
DATE SAMPLED: 02\21\1989
3, 8, 9, 10
6VN-PA27
7.6 45.0 1.2 1.7 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.4 2.0 u 0.27 10
38
WELL NAME: Camtlla New Well (14)
COUNTY: Mttchell
DATE SAMPLED: 07\10\1989
238 Sn 30
1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10
6VN-PA28 7.7 42.0 21.0 30.0 s.o u 20 u 10 u 11.1 101.0 0.02 u 130 2,300
229
:r
WELL NAME: Moultrte 11 COUNTY: Colquttt
N
DATE SAMPLED: 02\21\1989
N
6VN-PA29
7.6 47.0 16.0 3.8 2.0 u 68 34
2.0 u 2.0 u 0.02 u 20 u 310
350
WELL NAME: Adel 16
COUNTY: Cook
DATE SAMPLED: 02\08\1989
10, CN
6VN-PA29
7.8 45.0 15.0 3.7 5.0 u 73 34
WELL NAME: Adel 16
COUNTY: Cook
DATE SAMPLED: 07\13\1989
3.8 65.0 0.02 u 13 310
368 Sn 23
1, 5, 10
PARAMETER
UNITS WELL 101
VATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Detected
su mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm ug/L .
GVN-PA3D 7.8 43.D 16.D 4.9 2.D u 2D u lD u 2.0 u 2.D u D.02 u 6D 24D
WELL NAME: Nashville Mills 12, Amoco Fabrics Company COUNTY : Berrien DATE SAMPLED: 02\07\1989
6WN-PA30
8.0 41.0 16.D 4.7 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 4.7 61.0 0.02 u 56 230
WELL NAME: Nashville Mills 12, Amoco Fabrics Company
COUNTY: Berrien
DATE SAMPLED: 07\13\1989
6WN-PA31
7.7 44.D 8.3 2.6 2.0 u 25 10 u 2.0 u 2.0 u D.02 u 75 270
WELL NAME: Tifton 16
COUNTY: Tift
DATE SAMPLED: 02\08\1989
,..
6WN-PA32
7.8 35.0 4.9 2.5 2.0 u 140 26
WELL NAME: Ocilla 13
2.0 u 2.0 u 0.02 u 88 160
I
COUNTY: Irwin
N
w
DATE SAMPLED: 02\07\1989
6WN-PA33
7.9 23.0 8.4 3.1
WELL NAME: Fitzgerald Well C
COUNTY: Ben Hill
DATE SAMPLED: 02\06\1989
2.D u 20 u 13
2.0 u 2.0 u 0.02 u 2500 270
GWN-PA34
7.2 50.0 9.6 5.5 5.0 u 190 ~
WELL NAME: McRae 11
COUNTY: Telfatr
DATE SAMPLED: 06\14\1989
5.8 2.8 0.02 u 300 730
341 351 266 203 180 321 Sn .. 35
Other Screens Tested
10
WATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
IN03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
UNITS
su mg/L mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L ug/L
mg/L
mg!L mgN/L
ug/L
Detected ug/L wmo/cm ug/L
Tested
VELL 101
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6WN-PA35
7.7 30.0 13.0 6.0 5.0 u 64 29
3.5 6.9 0.02 u 90 490
266
WELL NAME: Mount Vernon New Well
COUNTY: Montgomery
DATE SAMPLED: 06\14\1989
6VN-PA38
7.9 30.0 5.4 12.0 5.0 u 32 38
3.8 3.0 0.02 u 140 370
227 Zn 35
CN
WELL NAME: Vidalia 11 (Sixth Street Well)
COUNTY: TOOIIIbs
DATE SAMPLED: 06\14\1989
6VN-PA37
7.5 47.0 1.0 u 2.0
WELL NAME: Hogan Monitoring Well
COUNTY: laurens
DATE SAMPLED: 01\26\1989
2.0 u !!!.!l
10 u 3.7
2.0 u 1.70 20 u 25
233 Zn 65
6VN-PA38
7.5 46.0 1.3 2.1 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.2 2.0 u 0.08 110
96
234
>'
WELL NAME: Eastman 14
I N
~
COUNTY: Dodge DATE SAMPLED: 06\13\1989
6W-PA39
7.5 42.0 7.4 3.8 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.7 1.8 0.02 u 220 410
231
WEll NAME: Sylvester 11
COUNTY: Worth
DATE SAMPLED: 02\21\1989
1' 3, 5, 10 3, 7, 10
6VN-PA39
7.5 48.0 6.7 3.4 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.5 2.0 u 0.02 u 210 360
294
VELL NAME: Sylvester 11
COUNTY: Worth
DATE SAMPLED: 07\10\1989
1, 3, 5, 10
VATER QUAliTY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
UNITS
su mg/l mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
ug/l ug/l
mg/l
mg/l mgN/l
ug/l
Detected ug/l lllltto/em ug/l
Tested
__W__E_l_l__ID__I_________________________________,______________________ ..,______________________________________________________________________________
6WN-PA40
7.6 58.0 1.1 2.1
WEll NAME: Merck and Company 18
COUNTY: Dougherty
DATE SAMPLED: 03\28\1989
6WN-PA40
7.4 64.0 1.1 2.6
WELL NAME: Merck and Company 18
COUNTY: Dougherty
DATE SAMPLED: 10\25\1989
2.0 u 21 2.0 u 34
10 u 3.4
10 u 1.1
2.0 u 0.90 20 u 51
2.0 u 1.27 16 51
6VN-PA41
7.3 110.0 3.1 22.0 3.1
21 10 u 14.1 28.8 2.00 i14
89
WEll NAME: TV 13 - Albany
,
COUNTY: Dougherty DATE SAMPLED: 03\28\1989
I
6VH-PA41
7.0 120.0 3.2 23.0 3.4 66 17 18.0 36.9 2.80 47 87
~
U'l
WEll NAME: TV 13 - Albany COUNTY: Dougherty
DATE SAMPLED: 10\18\1989
GWN-PA42
7.5 37.0 1.0 u 2.5
VELL NAME: Garrett OV 14
COUNTY: lee
DATE SAMPlED: 03\29\1989
GVN-PA42
7.0 40.0 1.0 u 3.1
WEll NAME: Garrett OV 14
COUNTY: lee
DATE SAMPLED: 10\26\1989
2.0 u 20 u 10 u 5.4 2.0 u 35 10 u 8.3
2.0 u 2.71 20 u 16 2.0 u 3.50 10 u 16
285 Al 25
280 Au 43 Bt 91 Co 19 Mo 18 Sn 37
y. 21
637
608 (Tetrach loroeth;tlene 1.5) Au 31 Bt 75 Co 14 Mo 16 Sn 51
v 17
197
180 Au " 68 81 140 Co 31 Mo 28
v 31
CH
CN
1, 3, 5, 10 1, 3, 5, 10, CN
7, CN CN
VATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
IN03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
UNITS
Detected
su mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l ug/l ug/l mg/l mg/l mgN/l ug/l ug/l umho/cm ug/l
Tested
WELL IDI
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6VN-PA43
7.7 47.0 l.OU 3.0 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 5.7 2.0 u 1.30 20 u 41
476
WELL NAME: Newton 11
COUNTY: Baker
DATE SAMPLED: 02\23\1989
3, 7, 10
6VN-PA43
7.9 44.0 1.0 u 2.2
WELL NAME: Newton 11
COUNTY: Baker
DATE SAMPLED: 07\12\1989
5.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.2
2.0 u 1.40 10 u 37
250 Sn 32
1, 3, 5, 10
GVN-PA44
7.8 32.0 4.1 2.2 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 1.7 2.0 u 0.25 160 280
187
VEll NAME: Sycamore 12
COUNTY: Turner
DATE SAMPLED: 02\08\1989
1, 3, 5, 10
>I -
N
6VN-PA45 7.7 52.0 3.5 WELL NAME: Abbeville 12 COUNTY: Vt lcox
2.1 2.0 u 23
10 u 2.6
2.0 0.02 u 20 u 210
270
G'l
DATE SAMPLED: 02\06\1989
1, 3, 5, 10
6VN-PA46A 7.6 51.0 l.OU 2.3 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 4.0 2.0 u 1.13 32 39
VELL NAME: Tyson Residence Vell COUNTY: Crisp DATE SAMPLED: 03\27\1989
259 Zn 71
1, 3, 5, 7' 10
6VN-PA47
7.7 55.0 1.0 u 1.7 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.8 2.0 u 1.29 20 u 57
268
VELL NAME: lfa ley Farms TV 19
COUNTY: lee
DATE SAMPLED: 03\28\1989
1, 3, s. 7.
10
WATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
UIIITS
su mg/l mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
ug/l ug/l
mg/l
mg/l mgN/l
ug/l
Detected ug/l umho/cm ug/l
Tested
WEll IDI
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6WII-PA47
7.4 ' 69.0 1.1 2.7 2.0 u 65 10 u 1.0 2.0 u 6.06 14
57
WEll NAME: Haley Farms TW 19
COUNTY: lee
DATE SAMPLED: 10\24\1989
310 Au 45 Bf 95 Co 20 Mo 19
v = 23
1, 3, s. 10
6WN-PA48
7.6 51.0 l.OU 2.2
WEll NAME: Doug Harvey TW 1
COUNTY: Early
DATE SAMPLED: 03\29\1989
2.0 u 2
10 u 2.9
2.0 u 1.49 20 u 24
243 Al 65
1, 3, 5, 7, 10
6WN-PA48
7.4 48.0 1.0 u 3.3 3.0 u 100 10
WEll NAME~ Doug Harvey TW 1
COUNTY: Early
DATE SAMPLED: 11\27\1989
3.6 2.0 u 1.90 10 u 25
235 At 55 Tl 78
1, 3, 5, 10, CN
:r
N....
GWN-PASO
7.3 61.0 1.4 2.8 5.0 u 72
WEll NAME: Reynolds Residence Welt
COUNTY: laurens
10 u 4.4 4.5 0.74 39 180
302 Sn "' 31
1, 5
DATE SAMPLED: 06\15\1989
6WN-PA51
7.6 40.0 l.OU 2.6
WEll NAME: Adams Residence Well
COUNTY: Mitchell
DATE SAMPLED: 07\10\1989
5.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.0
2.0 u 1.70 10 u 17
222 Sn 25 Zn 22
l, 5, 7
6WN-PA52
7.8 36.0 l.OU 2.3 5.0 u 43
WEll NAME: Simmons Residence Well
COUNTY: Mitchell
DATE SAMPLED: 07\10\1989
10 u 4.4
2.0 u 3.40 10 u 23
215 Sn 23 Zn 35
l, 5, 1
PARAMETER
UNITS
WEll 101
WATER QUALITY FOR THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER SYSTEM
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl
SD4 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Detected
su mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l ug/l ug/l mg/l tng/l mgN/l ug/l ug/l umo/cm ug/l
6\IN-PAS3
7.6 41.0 1.1 3.1 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 5.0 2.0 u 3.70 14
27
WEll NAME: Cato Residence Well
COUNTY: Decatur
DATE SAMPLED: 07\11\1989
226 Al 28 Zn 120
6\IN-PA54 7.7 35.0 l.OU 1.6 WEll NAME: Fields Residence Well COUNTY: Seminole DATE SAMPLED: 07\11\1989
5.0 u 120
10 u 2.1
2.0 u 0.06 10 u 16
185 Sn 26 Zn 39
6\IN-PA55
7.5 61.0 2.8 3.6 2.0 u 70 10 u 2.7 4.0 0.02 u 150 250
255 Ag 64
WEll NAME: Holland Residence Well
Au 83
COUNTY: Burke
81 180
DATE SAMPLED: 09\13\1989
Co 38
Mo 36
Sn 46
>'
v 37
I
~
CD
Average:
7.59 46.64 8.99 9.79 0.46 u 58.35 5.8 u 8.22 27.0 0.49 82.65 279.46 329.78
Maxtnun:
M1nllllln:
8.00 120 7.00 23
53 1.0
u
110 1.6
4.1 1,200 98
2.0 u 20 u 10 u
90.2 2.0
168.1 U/ 2.0
U/
6.06 .02
u2,50100 u
2300 16
1380 180
0.1 0 0.4 D
Other Screens Tested
1, 7
7
1. 5
,...
VATER QUALITY FOR THE MIOCENE AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
UNITS
su mg/l mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
ug/l ug/l
mg/l
mg/l mgN/l
ug/l
Detected ug/l umho/cm ug/l
Tested
--W--E-l-l--ID--I-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6VN-MI1
7.8 24.0 14.0 6.9 2.0 u !1m 31
WELL NAME: McMillan Residence Well
COUNTY: Cook
DATE SAMPLED: 02/08/1989
2.9 4.0 0.02 u 21 120
231 Zn 22
1, 5, 10, CN
GVN-Mil
8.1 22.0 13.0 6.5 5.0 u ~ 23
WELL NAME: McMillan Residence Well
COUNTY: Cook
DATE SAMPLED: 07/13/1989
2.8 4.0 0.02 u 20 120
245 Bi 36 Sn 26
1, 5, 10, CN
6VN-MI2
5.7 3.2 l.OU 2.6 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.0 2.0 u 0.02 u 20 u 10 u 40
WELL NAME: Boutwell Residence Well
COUNTY: lowndes
DATE SAMPLED: 02/07/19B9
1, 5, 8, 9, 10
GVN-MI2
5.6 3.0 1.0 u 2.3 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.7 2.0 u 0.02 u 10 u 10 u 49
>I '
N \D
WELL NAME: Boutwell Residence Well COUNTY: lowndes DATE SAMPLED: 07/12/19B9
6VN-MI3
7.4 68.0 11.0 20.0 4.0
85 15 23.6 38.9 0.10 u 11 440
496
WEll NAME: Coffin Park TV 3
COUNTY: Glynn
DATE SAHPLEO: 12/20/19B9
1, 5, B, 9, 10 10
GWN-MI4
7.1 16.0 5.1 5.B 2.0 u 410 !!.!! 3.0 2.0 u 0.02 u 78 89
140
WELL NAME: Hopeuliktt TV 2
COUNTY: Bulloch
DATE SAMPLED: 01/24/1989
WATER QUALITY FOR THE MIOCENE AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Oetected
Tested
UNITS SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L lllg/l 1119N/L ug/L ug/L 11/fho/an ug/L
--W-E-L-l--1-0-1----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
M-MIS
5.0 6.2 2.8 5.1 2.9 20 u 1Z.Q 10.9 2.0 u 6.20 140 40
WELL NAME: Carter Residence Well
COUNTY: Appltng
DATE SAMPLED: 08/28/1989
104 Al 140
M-MI8
n 8.0 14.0 6.7 7.8 2.0 u 210
13.7 3.0 7.80 120 110
WEll NAME: Williams Residence Well
COUNTY: Coffee
DATE SAMPLED: 08/28/1989
179 Al 960 Tt 67
6VII-MI7
4.3 3.5 3.3 4.4 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 9.4 2.0 u 8.40 64 36
WEll NAME: Chaudotn Residence Well
COUNTY: Irwin
~
DATE SAMPLED: 08/29/1989
96 Al 410
6VN-MI8
5.5 1.7 l.OU 1.7 2.0 u ill 10 u 2.5 2.0 u 0.05 10 u 12
25 Al 1,000
1, 5
~
w
0
WELL NAME: McCall Residence Well COUNTY: Colquitt DATE SAMPLED: 08/29/1989
Cu 60 Tt 55 Zn 27
6VN-MI9
4.8 2.3 2.7 17.0 2.0 u ~ 10 23.3 2.0 u 2;80 58
30
WELL NAME: Neely Residence Well
COUNTY: Thomas
DATE SAMPLED: 08/29/1989
137 Al 2,700 Tt 86 Zn 320
GWN-MilO 5.0 4.7 5.2 22.0 3.9 35 18 24.6 2.0 8.20 260 63
207 Al 130
1, 5
WEll NAME: luke Residence Well
COUNTY: Colquitt
DATE SAMPLED: 08/30/1989
WATER QUALITY FOR THE MIOCENE AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UIIITS SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L ~~~g/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L tnho/cm ug/L
---W-E-L-L--ID- .I. ---------------- --------- ------------ ------------------- --------- ----- --------- ---- -------------- -- -- --------- ----- ---- ---- --- --- ----- -
GWN-Mill
5.3 2.5 1.1 3.9 2.0 u ~ 11
5.7 2.0 u 0.86 35
16
WELL NAME: Harrtson Restdence Well
COUNTY: Grady
DATE SAMPLED: 08/30/1989
45 Al 1,100 Bt 23
n 37
Zn 24
Gwtt-MI12
7.4 49.0 1.4 2.8 2.0 u 130 15
3.9 2.0 u 0.02 u 13
39
252 Zn 41
1' 5
WELl NAME: Herzog Greenhouse Well
COUNTY: Brooks
DATE SAMPLED: 08/30/1989
6WN-MI13
7.4 56.0 1.0 2.3 2.0 u 2.400 220
2.7 2.0 u 0.02 u 27
52
249
1
WELL NAME: Meeks Rental House Well
COUNTY: Screven
DATE SAMPLED: 09/14/1989
:a-
w I
Gwtt-MI14
2.1 1.0 u 7.7
WELL NAME: Thomas Restdence Well
COUNTY: Bulloch
2.0 u 270
10 u ( No sample ) 11
10 u (No Al 150
sample) Zn 22
1, 5
~
DATE SAMPLED: 09/14/1989
GWN-MI15
4.4 10.0 8.5 1.8 2.0 u 29 13
9.9 2.0 u .l!:1Q 63 100
154 Al 220
1' 5
WELL NAME: Aldrtch Restdence Well
COUNTY: Bulloch
DATE SAMPLED: 09/14/1989
Average: Max hnum: Mtntmum:
6.05 16.95 4.46 7.09 0.06 u 399 41.06 9.04 3.24 2.94 54.18 74.53
8.1 56 14.0 22.0 4.3 1.7 l.OU 1.7
4.0 2. 0
2,400
u 20
u
220 10
u
24.6 2.5
38.9 2.0
u
14.70 0.02
u26100
u
440 10
u
165.6 496 25
WATER QUALITY FOR THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
Other
&ND3
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UNITS su mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l ug/l ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm ug/L
...W__E-L-L--10-1-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWN-PIB
6.2 7.9 2.4 10.0 2.6 2.500 ~
5.4 15.0 0.02 u 10
96
119
WELL NAME: luthersville New Well
COUNTY: Meriwether
DATE SAMPLED: 08/30/1989
6VN-P2
6.5 20.0 2.3 11.0 2.8 1.500
3.5 2.0 u 1.10 41 110
140 Ag 52
10
WELl NAME: Riverdale, Delta Drive Well
Au 68
COUNTY: Clayton
Bt 150
DATE SAMPLED: 09/15/1989
Co 30
Mo .. 29
Sn " 30
y 32
6WN-P3
7.3 9.4 2.3 9.2 5.0 u 21 43
2.0 u 5.8 0.02 u 14
74
WEll NAME: Fort McPherson Well
COUNTY: Fulton
~
DATE SAMPLED: 04/18/1989
w I
N
6VN-P3
6.5 9.0 2.5 9.3 3.7 6,300 n
0.1 6.9 0.02 u 21
72
WEll NAME: Fort McPherson Well
COUNTY: Fulton
DATE SAMPLED: 10/11/1989
108 [Eth~lbenzene 1! (P,M,&O X~lenes 2) Al 110
8, 9, 10
108 (Tttmeth~l benzene 2) 8, 9, 10 [Eth~lmeth;tl benzene 2)
(P&M Xlflenes 5.2) (0 Xlflene 2.2)
[Ethlflbenzene 1.3) (Toluene 5.9)
(1,2 Dtchloropronane 1.7} AI 990 Nt .. 24 T1 .. 100
6VN-P48
6.6 23.0 4.1 36.0 5.0 u 6,300 1.1
WEll NAME: Barton Brands, Inc. 12
COUNTY: Fulton
DATE SAMPLED: 04/19/1989
GWN-P4C
6.3 6.1 1.1 8.5 2.0 u 130 13
WEll NAME: Barton Brands, Inc. 13
COUNTY: Fulton
DATE SAMPLED: 09/11/1989
18.8 10.4 0.47 140 350
1.6 2.0 u 0.02 u 16 64
311 Zn = 290
79 AI 38 Zn 35
8, 9, 10 8, 9, 10
WATER QUALITY FOR THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
UNITS SU mg/L mg/l mg/L mg/l ug/L ug/L mg/l mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L lll'tlto/an ug/L
--W--E--ll --ID- -I ------------ --------- ---- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6WN-PS
7.0 25.0 4.0 1.6 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 1.0 2.0 u 0.02 u 32 90
158
10
WEll NAME: Flowery Branch 11
COUNTY: Hall
DATE SAMPLED: 05/25/1989
6WN-P6A
7.5 16.0 2.5 8.1 2.1 160
WEll NAME: Sht loh 11
COUNTY: Harrts
DATE SAMPLED: 11/30/1989
2.3 5.5 0.02 u 10
10 u 130 Al 44
6WN-P7
6.4 11.0 4.4 8.6 2.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.0 3.8 0.02 u 59
69
122 y 11
10
WELL NAME: Hampton I&
COUNTY: Henry
DATE SAMPLED: 08/30/1989
6WN-P8
7.1 33.0 10.0 9.3 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.1 19.0 0.02 u 10 u 91
271
~
WELL NAME: Vayne Poultry Company 14, Pendergrass
wwI
COUNTY: Jackson DATE SAMPLED: 05/25/1989
6VN-P9
6.9 20.0 9.7 15.0 5.0 u 2.000 !!!!
8.5 . 60.0 0.02 u 48 160
252 Nt 22
10
WELL NAME: Gray 14
Sb 46
COUNTY: Jones
DATE SAMPLED: 06/13/1989
6WN-P10A
3.4 9.4 8.3 5.9 5.0 u 30.000 760
2.0 85.0 0.02 u 17
93
WELL NAME: Frankltn Sprtngs 14
COUNTY: Frank ltn
DATE SAMPLED: 05/23/1989
326 Al 620 Au 33 Bt .. 55
Co = 19 Nt = 56
(Tl .. 94)
Zn .. 110
WATER QUALITY FOR THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER pH Ca Mg Na K
Fe Mn Cl S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
UNITS
su mg/L mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L ug/L
mg/L
mg/L mgN/L
ug/L
Detected ug/L umho/cm ug/L
Tested
--W--E-L-L--ID--I-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6\111-Pll
6.7 11.0 4.8 6.3 5.0 u 84 17
WELL NAME: Danielsville f1
COUNTY: Madtson
DATE SAMPLED: 05/23/1989
1.3 3.2 0.02 u 10 u 30
124 Zn 22
6\111-PU
5.9 11.0 2.6 15.0 3.8
20 u 10 u 13.9 5.2 3.20 60
81
156
WELL IIAME: Nabisco Plant Well f1, Woodbury
COUNTY: Meriwether
DATE SAMPLED: 08/30/1989
6\111-Pll
7.4 31.0 1.5 13.0 2.0 u !!2 ll 5.4 15.5 0.02 u 10 u 83
223 Trichloroethylene 1.6 10
WELL NAME: Conyers, Rosser Street Well
(Tetrachloroelhllene Za8J
COUNTY: Rockdale
Al 120
DATE SAMPLED: 08/29/1989
Mo. 30
Tt 19
Zn 29
',wr.
6VII-Pl4
5.1 1.0 LOU 2.2 2.0 u 27
WELL IIAME: Upson County, Sunset VIllage Well f1
25 u 2.5
2.0 u 0.32 39
10 u 32 Al 29
COUNTY: Upson
DATE SAMPLED: 08/30/1989 1
6WH-P15A
7.9 20.0 4.7 8.4 5.0 u !.2 5.9
5.9 0.02 u 74 100
179
10
WELL NAME: Bolton Rental House
COUNTY: Dekalb
DATE SAMPLED: 04/19/1989
6WH-P15A
7.0 19.0 4.7 8.1 4.5 !.2 ! 7.6
6.4 0.02 u 68 97
171 Zr 17
10
WELL NAME: Bolton Rental House
COUNTY: Dekalb
DATE SAMPLED: 09/11/1989
PARAMETER
UNITS WELL IDI
WATER QUALITY FOR THE PIEDMONT UNCONFINED AQUIFER SYSTEM
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn Cl S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Detected
su mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm ug/L .
6WN-P16C
7.1 12.0 2.1 3.3 5.0 u 3.500 ill
WELL NAME: Mt. At ry 14, Chase Road We 11
COUNTY: Habersham
DATE SAMPLED: 05/23/1989
Average: Maxtnun: Mtntnun:
6.57 15.52 3.95 9.94 1.76 u 2,888.5 92.1
7.9 33.0 3.4 1.0
10.0 36.0
1.0 u 1.6
4.5 30,000 760
2.0 u 20 u 10 u
1.0 u 10.0 0.02 u 10 u 67
4.47 13.66 0.27 34.16 90.9 18.8 85.0 3.2 140 350
2.0 U/ 2.0 U 0.02 U 10 U 10 u
0.1 D
93 Au 11 Zn 47
163.3 326 32
0
:r
w
Ul
Other Screens Tested
10
VATER QUALITY FOR THE BLUE RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
UNITS WELL IDI
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
504 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Detected
SU mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mgN/L ug/L ug/L umho/cm ug/L
Other Screens
Tested
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GVII-BR1
7.0 11.0 2.4 4.7 5.0 u 54 n
1.2 16.0 0.02 u 43
63
105 Bi 20
10
WELL flAME: Hiawassee 16
COUNTY: Towns
DATE SAMPLED: 05/24/1989
6VII-BR28
7.3 11.0 2.8 8.8 5.0 u 1!!.Q 23
WELL NAME: Notla Vater Authority 16
COUNTY: Union
DATE SAMPLED: 05/24/1989
0.8 4.2 0.02 u 10 u 110
113 Zn 22
GVN-BR3
8.0 16.0 1.0 u 19.0 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 1.0 u 3.7 0.02 u 10 360
163
WELL flAME: Dawsonville, Shoal Hole Park Well
COUNTY: Dawson
DATE SAMPLED: o5n4/1989
GVN-BR4
6.5 11.0 2.3 6.9 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 2.5 2.0 u 1.90 10 u 100
~
w
G\
WELL NAME: Morganton Old Well COUNTY: Fannin DATE SAMPLED: 05/24/1989
106 81 21
Average:
Maxiii'IUIII: Mlnlnun:
7.2 12.25 8.0 16.0 6.5 11.0
1.87 9.85 2.8 19.0
1.0 u 4.7
5.0 5.0
u u
5.0 u
88.5 300
20 u
21.5 63
10 u
1.12 5.97 0.475 13.25 158.2 2.5 16.0 1.90 43 360
1.0 U/ 2.0 U 0.02 U 10 u 63
0.8 D
121.7 163 105
10, CN
WATER QUALITY FOR THE VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
K
Fe Mn
Cl
S04 N02 Ba
Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
UIIITS
su mg/l mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
ug/l ug/l
mg/l
mg/l ~ngN/l
ug/l
Detected ug/l wrho/tlft ug/l
Tested
W--E-LL--I-D-I----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ --- ---------------------- "":----- -------- -------- ---------
6WN-VR1
7.9 26.0 14.0 1.3 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 1.5 2.0 u 0.39 10 u 16
230
10
WELL NAME: Kingston Road Well, Rome
COUNTY: Floyd
DATE SAMPLED: 07/11/1989
GWN-VR3
7.2 29.0 11.0 1.3 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 1.6 2.0 0.50 62
26
247 Bi 30
10
SPRING NAME: Chickamauga, Crawfish Springs
COUNTY: Walker
DATE SAMPLED: 07/12/1989
6WN-VR4
7.3 81.0 20.0 14.0 5.0 u 81 19 12.2 66.0 0.02 u 120 670
WEll NAME: American Thread Company 14
COUNTY: Walker
DATE SAMPLED: 07/12/1989
595 Sn 60
~
6WN-VR5
7.4 74 .0 3.7 5.1 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 8.2 2.0 2.80 97 180
WELL NAME: Chattooga County 14
400 Sn 37
10
w....
COUNTY: Chattooga DATE SAMPLED: 07/11/1989
GWN-VR8
7.6 26.0 15.0 3.4 5.0 u 20 u 10 u 3.0 3.0 0.30 590 110
WEll NAME: Chemical Products Corporation, East Well
COUNTY: Bartow
DATE SAMPLED: 07/12/1989
261 Sn 31
GWN-VR7
7.3 23.0 12.0 1.0 u 5.0 u 44 10 u 1.2 2.0 u 0.36 26 18
223
10
SPRING NAME: Adairsville, lewis Spring
COUNTY: Bartow
DATE SAMPLED: 07/1211989
WATER QUALITY FOR THE VALLEY AND RIDGE UNCONFINED AQUIFER SYSTEM
PARAMETER
pH Ca Mg
Na
IC
Fe Mn Cl S04 N02 Ba Sr Spec. Other
Other
&N03
Cond. Parameters
Screens
Detected
Tested
liMITS SU 1119/L mg/L mg/L ~~g/L ug/L ug/L mg/L 111!1/L ~~gN/l ug/l ug/l ucrRJ/CIR Ug/l
---W--E-L-L--ID--I--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6Wfi-VR8
7.5 36.0 15.0 1.7 5.0 u 27 10 u 1.1 2.0 1.90 15 25
270 Sn 25
10
SPRING NAME: Cedartown Sprtng
COUNTY: Polk
DATE SAMPLED: 07/11/1989
6Wfi-VR9
7.5 39.0 12.0
WEll NAME: Polk County 12
COUMTY: Polk
DATE SAMPLED: 07/11/1989
Average: Maxtnun: Mtntlllllft:
7.46 41.75 12.84 7.9 81.0 20.0 7.2 23.0 3.7
1.5
3.66 14.0 1.0
5.0 u
5.0 u
5.0 5.0
u u
20 u 10 u 2.9
19 2.4 u 3.96
81 20
u
19 10
u
12.2 1.1
3.0 1.00 13 28
9.75 0.906 115.4 134 .1
66.0 2.0
u
2.80 0.02
u
590 10
u
670 16
290 Bt 30 Sn 21
314.5 595 223
:r
w
CD
I
I.
I.
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