Ceramic and structural clays, shales, and slates of Bartow County, Georgia

CERAMIC AND STRUCTURAL CLAYS, SHALES AND SLATES OF
.BARTOW COUNTY, GEORGIA
BRUCE J. O'CONNOR

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY

64 INFORMATION CIRCULAR

COVER PHOTO:

Universal Ceramics' pit in Conasauga shale on the west side of county road S-829 south of Adairsville. (Map location no. Btw. 67-3 is from the same general area.)

CERAMIC AND STRUCTURAL CLAYS, SHALES AND SLATES OF BARTOW COUNTY, GEORGIA
By Bruce J. O'Connor Senior Economic Geologist
Information Circular 64
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES J. Leonard Ledbetter, Commissioner ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION
Harold F. Reheis, Assistant Director GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY
William H. McLemore, State Geolgist
ATLANTA, GEORGIA . 1984

SUBJECT

Introduction . . . . .

Acknowledgements . . . .

Location of Study Area .

Explanation of Key Terms on the Ceramic Test and

Analyses Forms . . . .

. . . . .

1. Absorption (%) . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. App. Por. (%) -Apparent Porosity, Percent

3. App. Sp. Gr. - Apparent Specific Gravity

4. Bloating . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Bloating Test (or Quick Firing Test)

6. Bulk Density or Bulk Dens.

7. Color . . . . . . .

8. Color (Munsell) ...

9. Compilation Map Location No.

10. Cone . . . . . . .

11. Drying Shrinkage .

12. Dry Strength .

13. Extrusion Test .

14. Firing Range .

15. Hardness . . . .

16. Hardness (Mohs') .

17. HC1 Effervescence

18. Linear Shrinkage, %

19. Modulus of Rupture (MOR)

20. Mohs' . . . . .

21. Molding Behavior .

22. Munsell . . . .

23. "MW" face brick

... .

24. PCE - Pyrometric Cone Equivalent . . . .

25. pH . . . . . . .

26. Plasticity . . .

27. Porosity, Apparent .

28. Quick Firing . . .

29. Saturation Coefficient

30. Shrinkage

31. Slaking . . . . . .

32. Slow Firing Test . . .

33. Solu-Br. (Solu-Bridge) .

34. Soluble Salts

35. Strength . . . . .

36. "SW" face brick

37. Temp. oF (C)

38. Water of Plasticity (%)

.....

39. Working Properties (or Workability)

Ceramic Tests and Analyses of Clays, Shales and Slates 1n Bartow County, Georgia . . . . . .

Data Sources and References Cited

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PAGE
1 3 4
10 11 11 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 26 26 27 27 27 27 28
31
160

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1 Plate 1

Location of Bartow County Report Area .........
Clay, Shale and Slate Test Locations in Bartow County ............... .. .... . ...... .. .. .

5 Pocket

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1

Active Clay and Shale Mines and Pits in Bartow

County, Georgia .......... ... .................. .

6

Table 2

Summary of 20th Century Clay, Shale and Slate

Mines and Companies 1n Bartow County, Georgia ..

7

Table 3

Generalized Summary of Stratigraphic Units in

Bartow County, Northwest Georgia.... . . .. ... .. . .

9

Table 4

Abbreviations for Terms on the Ceramic Firing

Test Forms .................... . .. . ... . ........

12

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INTRODUCTION This report presents a compilation of all available puhli~hed and unpublished ceramic firing tests and related analytical data on samples from Bartow County, Georgia. It provides information on mined and/or undeveloped clays, shales and related materials, and ts intended for use by geologists, engineers and members of the general public. The report should aid in the exploration for deposits of ceramic raw material with economic potential for future development. This information may also be of use to those who wish to obtain information on the potential use of particular deposits at specific locations. Tests by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, subsequently referred to as USBM, were performed by the Norris Metallurgy Research Laboratory, Norris, Tennessee and the Tuscaloosa Research Center, Tuscaloosa, Alabama under cooperative agreements with the Georgia Geologic Survey and its predecessors (i.e., the Earth and Water Division of the Ga. Department of Natural Resources; the Department of Mines, Mining and Geology and the Geological Survey of Georgia). Many of the firing tests were performed on samples collected by former staff members of the Georgia Geologic Survey (and its predecessors) during several uncompleted and unpublished studies. These include work by Bent ley (1964), Smith (1968?) and Tadkod (1980). Additional unpublished data presented tn this compilation include work by TVA (see Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948, p. 124 and 125). Published data include studies by the following authors: Spencer (1893, p. 217 to 287; chemical analyses only), Veatch (1909, p. 272 to 388), Smith (1931, p. 241 to 276), Butts and Gildersleeve (1948, p. 124 and 125) and Hollenbeck and Tyrrell (1969, p. 17 to 20).
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Regardless of the source, all of the ceramic firing testing data presented in this report are based on laboratory tests that are preliminary in nature and will not suffice for plant or process design. They do not preclude the use of the materials in mixes (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 5).
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author gratefully acknowledges the help of many individuals during the preparation of this report and the work of many who contributed to the earlier, unpublished studies included here. The cooperative work of the U.S. Bureau of Mines forms the main data base of this study. During the last several years Robert D. Thomson, Chief of the Eastern Field Operations Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvannia, was responsible for administering the funding of costs incurred by the USBM. Others in that office who helped coordinate the program were Charles T. Chislaghi and Bradford B. Williams. Since 1966 M.E. Tyrrell, H. Heystek, and A.V. Petty, Ceramic Engineers, and Kenneth J. Liles, Research Chemist, planned and supervised the test work done at the USBM Tuscaloosa Research Center in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Prior to 1966 this test work was supervised by ceramists H. Wilson, G.S. Skinner, T.A. Klinefelter, H.P. Hamlin and M.V. Denny at the former Norris Metallurgy Research Laboratory in Norris, Tennessee. Tests by the Tennessee Valley Authority were conducted under the supervision of H.S. Rankin and M.K. Banks at the Mineral Research Laboratory on the campus of North Carolina State College, Asheville, North Carol ina, using samples collected by S.D. Broadhurst. Additional tests were conducted by professors W.C. Hansard, L. Mitchell, and J.F. Benzel at the Department of Ceramic Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia. The majority of the unpublished tests were performed on samples collected by former staff geologists of the Georgia Geologic Survey, predominantly by J.W. Smith, A.S. Furcron, R.D. Bentley, N.K. Olsen, D. Ray, M.A. Tadkod, and G. Peyton and assisted by C.W. Cressler of the U.S. Geological Survey. N.K. Olsen and C.W. Cressler also have
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provided the author with valuable advice and suggestions regarding sample locations and past studies. The advice and encouragement of my colleagues on the staff of the Georgia Geologic Survey are greatly appreciated. However, the contents of this report and any errors of omission or commission therein are the sole responsibility of the author.
LOCATION OF STUDY AREA Bartow County is located at the southeastern corner of the Valley and Ridge province of northwest Georgia (Fig. 1). Although only one company is currently mining clay and shale in the county, numerous operations have been active here in the past (Tables 1 and 2). The most abundant ceramic raw materials in the county are the shales and residual clays derived from the Conasauga Group; however, other units such as the Rome Formation shales and residual clays of the Knox Group are locally well developed. The general nature of these and other geologic units which occur in the county are summarized on Table 3.
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Gl

r~\ -~ )>

.,.....

I I

FLOYD

Area

MILES
?"' ,.,1P I
0 10 20 KILOMETER S

- -1
' \.

NORTHWEST\,_

GEORGIA

.

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GEORGIA

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FIGURE 1

LOCATION OF BARTOW COUNTY REPORT AREA (after Cressler, and other~, 1~76)

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TABLE 1

Active Clay and Shale Mines and Pits in Bartow County, Georgia*

COMPANY Universal Ceramics, Inc. P.O. Box 483 Adairsville, GA 30103

CONTACT Loring H. Kiker Ex. V. President (404) 773-3113

PIT LOCATION Pit no. 1 and tile plant: northwest side of Adairsville, north of Ga. Hwy. 140, west of Ga. Hwy. 3/U.S. Hwy. 41, just
west of the L & N
Railroad, and east of Oothkalooga Creek. (5 acres permitted.)

Pit no. 2: south-southwest of Adairsville on the west side of county road S-829, west of Oothalooga Creek and north of Penn Hollow. (4 acres permitted.)

* After Kline and o'connor, 1981, p. 11.
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TABLE 2
Summary of 20th Century Clay, Shale and Slate Mines and Companies in Bartow County, Georgia

Adairsville Brick Co. (plant built in 1906 or 1907)*, Adairsville plant
and pits: Common and face brick from Conasauga Group shale. Sold to Georgia Brick & Tile Co. in 1910 (Smith, 1931, No. 61, p. 243).

Atlanta Vitrified Brick Co. 0914), Emerson plant and pits: Unsuccessful vitrified brick (paving and building) from weathered graphite schist (Smith, 1931, No. 75, p. 274). Ceramic test: Btw.31S-75.

Cartersville Brick Co. (1908?)*, Cartersville pit: Connnon brick (Veatch, 1909, p. 289-290; Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948, p. 97). Ceramic test: Btw. 09V-4.

Fairmount Minin Co. Inc. 0979?)*, Flexatile quarry: crushed). Formerly Flexatile Slate Mine.

Slate

Flexatile Slate Mine (1909), Flexatile quarry: Slate. Ceramic test: Btw.46-4 (Bentley, and others, 1966, p. 15).

Funkhouser Mills 0927), Flexatile quarry: Slate (crushed) roofing granules (Hansard, and others, 1934, #14; Bentley, and others, 1966, p. 14-15). Ceramic test: Btw. 66-1 and 2.

GAF Corp. (1972)*, Fairmount-F1exatile quarry: (Formerly Flexatile Slate Mine).

Slate (crushed).

Georgia Art Pottery (1937?)*, Cartersville: Pottery and stoneware (Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948, map location No. 42).

Georgia Brick & Tile Co. 0910?)*, Adairsville plant and pits; brick and tile. Formerly the Adairsville Brick Co., sold to the B.M. Hood Co., 1924 (Smith, 1931, No. 61, p. 243).

Georgia Green Slate Co. 0909), quarry for roofing slate operated until 1911 or 1912 and part of 1913 (Shearer, 1918, p. 104). (Reopened by the Richardson Slate Co. in 1920.)

Georgia Quarry Tile Co. 0941?)*, Adairsville plant and pits: Quarry tile from trucked-in shale. Acquired from B.M. Hood Co., c. 1941, and closed 1966 (Spalvins, 1969, p. 53).

B. Mifflin Hood Co., (Tn.) (1924), Adairsville plant and pits: Roofing tile from Conasauga shale and colluvial clay. (Formerly the Georgia Brick & Tile Co.). The plant was shut down in 1932 (Hansard, and others, 1934, #20) and was later sold to the Georgia Quarry Tile Co. (Smith, 1931, No. 61, p. 243; Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948, p. 97). Ceramic test: Btw. 31S-6la and b (and Btw. 64 - 7 below).

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TABLE 2. Summary of 20th Century Clay, Shale and Slate Mines and Companies in Bartow County, Georgia (continued)
John Mion (1966? )*, Adairsville: formerly Georgia Quarry Tile Co. Ceramic test: approximately Btw. 64-7.
Richardson Slate Co. ( 1920): Slate quarry for split roofing shingles and ground for roofing granules. Sold to Funkhouser Mills in 1927 (Bentley, and others, 1966, p. 14-15).
W.F. Shephard (1908?)*, Cartersville: Pottery (Veatch, 1909, p. 290 and 428).
Universal Ceramics, Inc. ** (1967), Adairsville plant and pits: Tile quarry and ceramic) from Conasauga shale. Nine acres permitted. Ceramic test: Btw. 67-2 and 3.
NOTE: The majority of the information for the companies listed above was taken from the Mining Directories (Circular 2, 1st to 18th editions} published by the Georgia Geologic Survey and its predecessors at irregular intervals since 193 7. Some add it iona1 in format ion came from the "Georgia Surface Mining and Land Reclamation Activities" published annually since 1969 by the Georgia Surface Mined L~md Reclamation Program (Environlnental Protection Division, Ga. Dept. of Natural Resources}. Additional sources of information were found in the references cited at the end of each entry.
* Uncertainty in the dates 1s due to incomplete records in the
Survey's files. **Active pit.
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TABLE 3

Generalized Summary of Stratigraphic Units 1n Bartow County, Northwest Georgia

CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNIT

STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS (THICKNESS AND ROCK TYPES)l/

Quarternary (and Tertiary?)

*various unnamed bodies of alluvial, colluvial and residual material. (Largely clay and sand, but also, locally gravel and breccia.)

Ordovician

* Rockmart Slate - (Approx. 0-600 ft., dark greenish-gray slate,
siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate.)

Cambr1an-Ordov1c1an Cambrian
Precambrian

(*) Knox Group - (Approx. 2000-4500 'ft., dominantly cherty dolostone with minor limestone.) Includes: Newala Limestone- (Approx. 100-400 ft., limestone and dolostone); Longview Limestone - (Approx. 350ft.); Ch epu lt epec Dolomite- (800+ ft.); and Copper Ridge Dolomi te - (Approx. 2500 ft.).

** Conasauga Group (or Formation) - (Approx. 950 - 5000 ft., pre-
dominantly shale and limestone with minor sandstone.) Includes:
Ma ynardville Limestone- (Approx. 50-300ft.); 11Upper Unit 11 = Nolichucky Shale - (Approx. 200-1000 ft.)
and Maryville Limestone?- (Approx. 200-600 ft.); "Middle Unit" = Rutledge Limestone and Rogersville Shale?
- (Approx. 200-400 ft.); and "Lower Unit" = Pumpkin Valley Shale and Honaker Dolomite?
- (Approx. 30-500 f t.).
** Rome Formation- (Approx. 100-5000 ft., shale, and interbedded
sandstone, siltstone and quartzite.) Includes the "Cartersville Formation" of Shearer (1918).
* Shady Dolomite (or Dolostone) - (Approx. 30-500 ft., cherty
gray dolomite limestone with minor shale.) ="Beaver Limestone" of former usage.
* Chilhowee Group (or Weisner Formation)- (Approx. 300-500 ft.,
quartz sandstone, quartzite, conglomerate, shale and phyllite.)

*

Ocoee Supergroup - (S l ate, phyllite, quartzite, metagraywacke, mica schist, biotite gneiss, granite, minor talc & soapstone.)

NOTES:
* Some ceramic firing tests have been made on shales or slates and clays of this
unit. (*) Same as the above, but for residual clays only.
** =Numerous firing tests have been made on this1 unit. 1./ Descriptions based on data in Butts and Gildersleeve, 1948; Chowns, 1972, 1977;
Cressler 1963, 1964a and b, 1970, 1974; Cressler and others, 1979; Croft, 1963; Georgia Geologic Survey, l976.
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EXPLANATION OF KEY TERMS ON THE CERAMIC TEST AND ANALYSES FORMS
The test data and analyses which are presented here were compiled on a set of standardized forms (Ceramic Tests and Analyses) in the most concise manner consistent with the various laboratories represented. These forms are modified in large part after those used by the Pennsylvania Geological Survey (e.g., O'Neill and Barnes, 1979, 1981).
It should be noted that, although the great majority of these tests were performed by the USBM, it was decided not to reproduce their data forms directly for several reasons. First, the USBM forms contain several entries which are not essential to this project (e.g., Dat;e received) or do not make the most efficient use of space. Second, the USBM forms have been changed several times over the span of decades covered by the present compilation. Finally, investigators from other laboratories have reported parameters which were not measured by the USBM.
The paragraphs which follow briefly describe, 1n alphabetical order, the more critical entries on the forms, the nature of the information included and, where possible, the various factors and implications to be considered in their interpretation. Many of the particular comments here are based on descriptive information published in the following sources. Tests by Georgia Geologic Survey authors are described in Veatch (1909, p. 50 to 64) and in Smith (1931, p. 19 to 25), while the particulars of the USBM studies are given in Klinefelter and Hamlin (1957, especially p. 5 to 41) and in Liles and Heystek ( 1977, especially p. 2 to 16). The discussions which follow are not intended to be exhaustive but are merely meant to remind the reader,
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and potential user, of the key aspects of the information presented.

Various technical texts and reports should be consulted for more

detailed information (e.g., Clews, 1969; Grimshaw, 1972; Jones and

Beard, 1972; Norton, 1942; Patterson and Murray, 1983).

The

abbreviations used on these test forms are defined in Table 4.

1. Absorption (%)
The absorption 1s a measure of the amount of water absorbed by open pores in the fired specimen given as a percentage of the specimen's dry weight. For slow firing tests, it 1s measured on fired specimens which have been boiled in water for 2 to 5 hours and then
kept immersed in the water for up to 24 hours while cooling (Smith, 1931, p. 22; Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27-28; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). For the quick firing tests, however, the specimens are not boiled but only cooled and then immersed in water for 24 hours (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4).
The absorption g1ves an indication of the amount of moisture which may be absorbed and subject to destructive freezing in outdoor structures. Less than 22% absorption is considered promising for slow-fired materials.

2. App. Por. (%) -Apparent Porosity, Percent
The apparent porosity 1s a measure of the amount of open pore space in the fired sample, relative to its bulk volume, and 1s expressed as a percent. As in the case of absorption values, it 1s based on the weight and volume of the specimen which has been boiled 1n water for 2 to 5 hours and then kept immersed 1n water for several hours as
it cools (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27 to 28; Liles and Heystek,

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TABLE 4
Abbreviations for Terms on the Ceramic Firing Test Forms ABBREVIATIONS
Appr. Por. = Apparent Porosity App. Sp. Gr. = Apparent Specific Gravity
Btw. = Bartow County
C = Degrees Celsius Ct. =Catoosa County Cht. = Chattooga County
Dd. = Dade County Dist. =District
DTA = Differential Thermal Analysis
E = East
F = Degrees Fahrenheit Fl. =Floyd County
g/cm3 = Grams per cubic centimeter Gdn. = Gordon County
Lab. & No. = Laboratory (name) and number (assigned in laboratory)
Lat. =Latitude LOI = Loss on Ignition Long. = Longitude
lb/in2 = Pounds per square inch
lb/ft3 = Pounds per cubic foot Mry. = Murray County
N = North
NE = Northeast NW = Northwest org. = Organic
Plk. = Polk County S = South
SE = Southeast
SW = Southwest
Sec. = Section
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Table 4. Abbreviations for Terms on the Ceramic Firing Test Forms (continued)
7 1/2' topo. quad. = 7 and 1/2 minute topographic quadrangle Temp. = Temperature TVA = Tennessee Valley Authority
USBM = U.S. Bureau of Mines
USGS = U.S. Geological Survey
W ~ West
Wkr. = Walker County Wf. = Whitfield County XRD = X-ray diffraction
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1977, p. 3). The apparent porosity 1s an indication of the relative resistance to damage during freezing and thawing. Less than 20% apparent porosity is considered promising for slow-fired materials (O'Neill and Barnes, 1979, p. 14, Fig. 4).
3. App. Sp. Gr. - Apparent Specific Gravity As reported 1n earlier USBM studies, the apparent specific gravity
1s a measure of the specific gravity of that portion of the test spec1men that is impervious to water. This is determined by boiling the sample in water for 2 hours and soaking it 1n water overnight or 24 hours (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27 to 28). These data were replaced by bulk density and apparent porosity measurements after the USBM moved its laboratories from Norris, Tennessee to Tuscaloosa, Alabama in 1965.
4. Bloating Bloating 1s the term g1ven to the process 1n which clay or shale
fragments expand (commonly two or more times their original volume) during rapid firing. It results from the entrapment of gases which are released from the minerals during firing but which do not escape from the body of the host fragment due to the viscosity of the host at that temperature. Bloating is a desirable and essential property for the production of expanded lightweight aggregate where an artificial pumice or scoria 1s produced. Expanded lightweight aggregate has the advantages of light weight and high strength compared to conventional crushed stone aggregate. Bloating is not desirable, however, in making other structural clay products such as brick, tile and sewer pipe where the dimensional characteristics must be carefully controlled. In these
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cases bloating 1s extremely deleterious s1nce it leads to variable and uncontrollable warping, expansion and general disruption of the fired clay body (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 39-41).
5. Bloating Test (or Quick Firing Test) The Bloating Test refers to the process of rapidly firing (or
"burning") the raw sample in a pre-heated furnace or kiln to determine its bloating characteristics for possible use as a lightweight aggregate. Although specific details of the different laboratory methods vary, all use several fragments of the dried clay or shale placed in a refractory plaque (or "boat") which 1n turn is placed in the pre-heated furnace for 15 minutes (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 41; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4).
6. Bulk Density (or Bulk Dens.) The bulk density is a measure of the overall density of the fired
specimen based on its dry weight divided by its volume (including pores). Determinations are the same for slow firing and quick firing test samples, although for the latter the results are given in pounds per cubic inch as well as grams per cubic centimeter units (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 27 to 28 and 41; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3 and 4). A bulk density of less than 62.4 lb/ft3 1s considered prom1s1ng for quick-fired material (Liles, oral communication, 1984).
7. Color The color of the unfired material, unless otherwise stated, repre-
sents the crushed and ground clay or shale. In most cases this is given for descriptive purposes only since it is generally of no
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practical importance for ceram~c applications (only the fired color is significant). Here only broad descriptive terms such as light-brown, cream, gray, tan, etc. are used. Fired colors are more critical and therefore more specific descriptive terms and phrases are used (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 18 and 19). In many cases the Munsell color is given for a precise description (see discussion below).

8. Color (Munsell) This is a system of color classification based on hue, value (or
brightness) and chroma (or purity) as applied to the fired samples in this compilation. It was used by Smith (1931, p. 23-25) and by the USBM since the early 1970's (Liles, oral communication, 1982; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). In all other cases the fired color was ~stimated visually.

9. Compilation Map Location No. This number or code was assigned by the author to provide a syste-
matic designation to be used in plotting sample locations on the base maps as shown by the typical example below.

Example:

Map Locn. No.

County Name - Abbreviation (Bartow)

Btw. 31 S - 6la
J

Date ( 1931).

Author's last initial (Smith) -for published data only

Sample sequence number (one 1fo per loc at ion).

De signation used only for cases of more than one test per location.

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The map location number Btw. 31S-61a is derived from the county name (e.g., Btw. for Bartow County), the year the tests were performed (e.g., 31 for 1931) plus the last initial of the author for major published sources (e.g., S for Smith), followed by a sequence number assigned in chronological order or sequential order for published data. (The only exceptions to this are the tests reported in Smith, 1931, wherein the sequence number of the present report is the same as the Map location No. of Smith.) Each map location number represents a specific location, or area, sampled at a particular time. In cases where several separate samples were collected from a relatively restricted area, such as an individual property, such samples are designated a, b, c, etc. Different map location numbers have been assigned to samples which were collected from the same general locality, such as a pit or quarry, but which were collected by different investigators at different times.
10. Cone Standard pyrometric cones, or cones, are a pyrometric measure of
firing temperature and time in the kiln. They are small, three-sided pyramids made of ceramic materials compounded 1n a ser1es, so as to soften or deform 1n progression with increasing temperature, and/or time of heating. Thus, they do not measure a specific temperature, but rather the combined effect of temperature, time, and other conditions of the firing treatment. The entire series of cones ranges from about lll2F (600C) to about 3632F (2000C) with an average interval of about 20oC between cones for a constant, slow rate of heating (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 29). For the past several decades
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the use of these cones has been limited to the Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) test (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 16). However, all of the ceramic firing tests reported by Veatch (1909) and Smith (1931) as well as some of the earliest USBM tests report firing conditions in terms of the standard cone numbers.
11. Drying Shrinkage The drying shrinkage is a measure of the relative amount of
shrinkage (in percent) which the tempered and molded material undergoes upon drying. Although there are a variety of ways by which this can be measured, 1n this report the shrinkage values represent the percent linear shrinkage based on the linear distance measured between two reference marks or lines imprinted on the plastic spec1men before drying. Even though the methods have varied in detail, the drying is usually accomplished 1n two stages: first, by air drying at room temperature (usually for 24 hours) and second, by drying in an oven followed by cooling to room temperature in a desiccator (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 30-31; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). In most cases the heating was at 2l2F (l00C) for 24 hours; however, studies by Smith (1931, p. 20 and 21) employed 167F (75C) for 5 hours followed by 230F (ll0C) for 3 hours.
12. Dry Strength The dry strength (or green strength) is a measure of the appar-
ent strength of the clay or shale after it has been molded and dried. Unless otherwise indicated, it represents the tranverse, or crossbreak1ng, strength as opposed to either tensile strength or compressive
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strength is indicated as determined by visual inspection, usin~ such terms as low, fair, good, or high (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 32-33; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 2). Smith (1931, p. 12-13) reports a quantitative measurement of this strength using the modulus of rupture (MOR) expressed in units of pounds per square inch (psi).
13. Extrusion Test More extensive tests are sometimes made on clays and shales which
show good plasticity and long firing range in the preliminary test. In the Extrusion Test several bars are formed using a de-airing extrusion machine (i.e., one which operates with a vacuum to remove all possible air pockets). These bars are fired and tested for shrinkage, strength (modulus of rupture) and water saturation coefficient (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 8).
14. Firing Range The term Firing Range indicates the temperature interval over
which the material shows favorable firing characteristics. For slowfired materials such desirable qualities include: a) good strength or hardness; b) good color; c) low shrinkage; d) low absorption; and e) low porosity. For quick-fired materials these include: a) good pore structure; b) low absorption; and c) low bulk density. For slow-firing and quick-firing tests the firing range should be at least 100F (55C) to be considered promising (O'Neill and Barnes, 1979, p. 15-18).
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15. Hardness The hardness, as measured on fired materials, indicates the re-
sistance to abrasion or scratching. It is designated either in verbal, descriptive terms or 1n numerical terms using Mohs' hardness (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). It is used as an indication of the strength of the fired materials. Smith (1931), however, measured the fired strength with the modulus of rupture.

16. Hardness (Mohs') The hardness of fired specimens using the Mohs' scale of hardness
1s currently used by the USBM as a numerical measure of the fired bodies' strength (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). The values correspond to the hardness of the following reference minerals:

Mohs' Hardness No. 1
2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10

Reference Minerals Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Orthoclase Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond

A Mohs' hardness greater than 3 1s considered promising for slow-

fired materials.

17. HCl Effervescence The effervescence 1n HCl is visually determined as none, slight or
high based on the reaction of 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid added to a slurry of 10 grams powdered clay or shale (minus 20 mesh) in

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100 ml of w.tlt'l- (Kiiwftl!Pr 1111d 11111nlin, IQ'i7, p. 17; T.iltH .111d H~ysttk, 197/, p. 4).
amount of calcium carbonate present 1n the sample. An appreciable effervescence could be an indication of potential problems with 11 lime pops 11 and/or frothing of slow-fired ceramic products.
18. Linear Shrinkage, (%) The term Linear Shrinkage represents the relative shrinkage of the
clay body after firing. In most cases it represents the percent total 1inear shrinkage from the plastic state and is based on measurements between a pair of standard reference marks imprinted just after molding (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 30-32; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 3). (Also see the discussion under Drying Shrinkage.) Smith (1931, p. 22) gives the shrinkage relative to both the dry, or green, state (under the column headed Dry) as well as the plastic state (under the column headed Plastic). A total shrinkage of 10% or less 1s considered promising for slow-fired materials.
19. Modulus of Rupture (MOR) The modulus of rupture is a measure of the strength of materials
(for crossbreaking or transverse strength 1n this compilation) based on the breakage force, the distance over which the force was applied and the width and thickness of the sample. The MOR is expressed in psi units (pounds per square inch) for the limited MOR data reported here (determined by Smith, 1931, p. 21 and 23).
-21-

20. Mohs' See Hardness (Mohs').
21. Molding behavior See Working Properties.
22. Munsell See Color (Munsell).
23. "MW" face brick "MW" stands for moderate weather conditions. This is a grade of
brick suitable for use under conditions where a moderate, non-uniform degree of frost action is probable (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 36 and 37; ASTM Annual Book of Standards, 1974). (Also see "SW" face brick.)
24. PCE - Pyrometric Cone Equivalent The PCE test measures the relative refractoriness, or temperature
resistance, of the clay or shale; it is indicated in terms of standard pyrometric cones. The value given is the number of the standard pyrometric cone which softens and sags (or falls) at the same temperature as a cone made from the clay or shale being studied. These tests are usually only made on refractory materials which show favorable potential in the preliminary slow firing tests (i.e., high absorption, low shrinkage, and light fired color). The results are usually given for the upper temperature range Cone 12 (1337C; 2439F) to Cone 42 (20l5C; 3659F) where the temperature equivalents are based on a heat-
-22-

1ng rate of 150C (270F) per hour. With increasing temperature resistance the sample is designated as either a low-duty, mediumduty, high-duty, or super-duty fire clay (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 16; Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 29-30 and 57-58).
25. .E!!.
The pH is a measure of the relative alkalinity or acidity with values ranging from 0 to 14. (A pH of 7 is neutral. Values greater than this are alkaline whereas those which are less than 7 are acid.) Most, but not all, of the ceramic tests by the USBM presented here show pH values as determined on the crushed and powdered raw material (in a water slurry) prior . to firing (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 28;
Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 4).
Strongly acid or alkaline pH values may give some indication of potential problems with efflorescence and scum due to water-soluble salts in the clay. Unfortunately, no simple and direct interpretation is possible from the pH data alone. The best method for determining these salts is through direct chemical analysis as described under Soluble Salts. (Also see Solu-Br.)
26. Plasticity See Working Properties.
27. Porosity, Apparent See App. Por.
28. Quick Firing See Bloating Test.
-23-

29. Saturation Coefficient The saturation coefficient 1s determined only for specimens which
have undergone the more extensive Extrusion Test. It is determined by submerging the fired specimen in cool water for 24 hours, followed by submerging the specimen in boiling water for 5 hours. The saturation coefficient is found by dividing the percent of water absorbed after boiling into the percent of water absorbed after the 24-hour submergence (Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 8).
30. Shrinkage See Drying Shrinkage and Linear Shrinkage.
31. Slaking See Working Properties.
32. Slow Firing Test Slow Firing Test refers to the process of firing ("burning") the
dried specimen 1n a laboratory furnace or kiln. Although specific details of the different laboratory methods vary, all specimens are started at room temperature and are slowly heated to the desired temperature over a specific interval of time.
The majority of the slow firing tests by the USBM reported here were made using 15-minute draw trials. In this method a set of molded and dried test specimens are slowly fired in the kiln or furnace. The temperature is gradually raised to 1800F (982C) over a period of 3 to 4 hours (to avoid disintegration of the specimen as the chemically combined water is released) and the temperature is held constant for
-24-

about 15 minutes. One specimen 1s removed from the kiln (a draw trial) and the temperature 1s raised to the next level (usually 1n intervals of 100F). At each interval the temperature is again held constant for a 15-minute soak and then one specimen is withdrawn. This process is repeated until the final temperature 1s achieved (usually 2300 or 2400oF; 1260 or 13l6C) - see Klinefelter and Hamlin (1957, p. 19 and 30). The disadvantage of this draw trial method 1s that it tends to underfire the specimens, compared to the industrial process, s1nce they are soaked for a relatively short time and quickly cooled by removal from the kiln.
Since the early 1970's the USBM has abandoned the draw trials and has adopted a method which more closely resembles the conditions of commercial manufacture. As described by Liles and Heystek (1977, p. 2 and 3), one of the test specimens 1s slowly fired, over 24 hours, to 1832F (l000C), where it is held for a one-hour soak. The kiln 1s then turned off, but the specimen rema1ns in the kiln as it slowly cools. (This gives a much closer approximation of most commercial firing processes.) This 1s subsequently repeated, one specimen at a time, for success1ve 50oC intervals usually up to 2282F ( 1250C). Unfortunately, only a relatively small part of the current data set 1s represented by USBM tests using this newer method.
The firing test methods used by Smith (1931, p. 21 and 22) are somewhat intermediate to the two methods described above. First, the spee1mens were slowly fired from 200 to 1200F (93 to 649C) over a period of ll hours. The temperature was subsequently increased at a rate of 200F per hour for approximately 4 hours followed by lOOoF per hour until final temperature conditions were reached. At these later
-25-

stages firing conditions were monitored us1ng standard pyrometric cones 1n the kiln. The maximum firing temperature was determined from observed pyrometric cone behavior. This temperature was based on the temperature equivalent to 2 cones below the desired final cone. The kiln temperature was then held constant until the desired cone soaked down. Test specimens were then removed from the kiln and allowed to cool. Smith's firings averaged about 17 hours 1n the kiln and all specimens were fired to cones 06, 04, 02, 1, 3 and 5 wherever possible. No specific information is available on the methods employed by Veatch (1909) or the unpublished data from TVA or Georgia Tech.
33. Solu-Br. (Solu-Bridge) Solu-Bridge measurements were used 1n the 1950's and 60's by the
USBM as a m<:>asure of the soluble salts (e.g., calcium sulfate) 1n the unfired raw material which might cause scum and efflorescence on fired products. In this method the pulverized clay or shale 1s boiled m water, left to stand overnight, and filtered. The content of soluble salts in the solution is then measured using the Solu-Bridge instrument readings applied to suitable calibration tables (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 28-29). These data are no longer collected because consistent nnd meaningful results are difficult to achieve.
34. Soluble Salts Excessive water-soluble salts can cause problems with efflores-
cence or scum on fired clay products. (More than 3 to 4% calcium sulfate, and l/2% magnesium or alkali sulfates are considered excessive.)
-26-

The most accurate determinative method 1s to boil the finely powdered sample in distilled water for 1/2 to 1 hour and let it soak overnight. The decanted solution is then analyzed for the soluble salts using standard chemical methods. The Solu-Bridge readings may also be used as a general measure of the soluble salts (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 28).
35. Strength See Dry Strength and Modulus of Rupture.
36. "SW" face brick "SW" stands for severe weather conditions. This 1s a grade of
brick suitable for use under conditions where a high degree of frost action is probable (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 36 and 37, and the ASTM Annual Book of Standards, 1974). (Also see "MW" face brick.)
37. Temp. F ( C) The temperature at which the material was fired (both slow and
quick firing tests) is given in Fahrenheit (F) followed by the Celsius ( C) conversion in parenthesis. In cases where only pyrometric cone values are available (e. g., Smith, 1931), the approximate temperature is given on the form and 1s based on the table of temperature equivalents in Norton (1942, p. 756, Table 128).
38. Water of Plasticity (%) This is a measure of the amount of water (as weight percent rela-
tive to the dry material) required to temper the pulverized raw
-27-

clay or shale into a plastic, workable consistency. This is not a prec~se measurement, being dependent upon the experience of the technic~an, the type of equipment used and the plasticity criteria. In most cases it represents the amount of water necessary for the material to be extruded into briquettes from a laboratory ~ydraulic ram press. In general, high water of plasticity values tends to correlate with a greater degree of workability, higher plasticity and finer grain size. Unfortunately, high values also correlate with a greater degree of shrinkage, warping and cracking of the material upon drying. (See Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 20-22; Liles and Heystek, 1977, p. 2.)
39. Working Properties (or Workability) This area of working properties includes comments on the slaking,
plasticity, and molding, or extruding behavior of the tempered material (Klinefelter and Hamlin, 1957, p. 5, 19-22 and 33-34). The term slaking refers to the disintegration of the dry material when immersed in water. It may range in time from less than a minute to weeks, but generally in the present report it is given only a relative designation such as rapid, slow, or with difficulty. Plasticity likewise ~s designated ~n a comparative manner ~n order of decreasing plasticity: plastic, fat (or sticky), semiplastic, short (or lean), semif11int and flint. Molding behavior is referred to as good, fair, or poor and is a general designation for the ease with which the material can be molded into test bars or briquettes.
-28-

These working properties are very imprecise and strongly dependent upon the judgement and experience of the operator. They do, however, give a general indication of how the material might respond to handling in the industrial process.
-29-

Ceramic Tests and Analyses of Clays, Shales and Slates
in Bartow County, Georgia *
* The data presented in this report are based on laboratory tests
that are preliminary in nature and will not suffice for plant or process design.
-31-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Bauxitic clay.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 09V-1

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number - - - - - - - Lab & No. Ga. Survey, #8.

Date Reported -~1~9~0~9_ _ _ _ __ Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity ____ __% Working Properties Very little plasticity.

Color Pink.

__ Drying Shrinkage 4.7 _..;...;....;.__

%Dry Strength (tensile) Low.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

2210

Cream (with

0210) iron specks)

2354

Cream (with

(1290) metallic specks)

3362 (1850)

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

14.3

14.6

Appr. Por. %

Other data:

(near fusing point)

Remarks I Other Tests "Unless careful!~ burned, it cracks badly ." Its fusin g
point is near Cone 36, 3362 6 F(l850 6 C) Veat ch, 1909, p. 273). Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-32-

loco. no. Btw. 09V-l, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ----------- Retention Time --------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2 Ti02 Al 2o 3 Fe 2o 3 FeO

(total)

43.772 2.206
38.726
1.119

MnO

MgO

0.038

CaO

0.020

Na 2o K20 P2os
s

(total)

0.168 0.077 0.000 0.010

c

(org.)

co 2 HH22oo+Loss on

0.407

Ignition

13.819

Total

100.362

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others "iron oxide" "clay"
Total

volume %
X
X
X

X present 1n major amounts. x present 10 lesser amounts.

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

(in Veatch, 1909, p. 273 and App. B, No. 8, p. 410-411).

Date c. 1909. Method Standard "wet".

1909 Microscope.

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot 117 , Sec. 3 , Dist. 16

--~~---------- (given in White and Denson, 1966, p. M25-~l.l) .

71/2' topo quad. Shannon (E edge)

. Lat.

Long.

Field No. 8 (p. 410)

, Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual (?) clav.

Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Eocene (?) residual from Knox Group carbonate rocks.

Sample Description & Comments Hermit age district: "40 ft. of cl ay with pockets
of bauxite" in a it of the Jul i a mines, Re ubl i c Mi nin & Mf. Co., NW. Bartow
Co., 1 1 2 mi. SW of Barnsley Veatch, 1909, p. 272- 273, and about l/ 4 mi.SSE
of Barnsley Church. Numerous analyses also given by Watson (1904, P 83- 86 )
for "Julia Bank" of the Georgia Bauxi te &Mining Co.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date Sept. 1980 -33-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Residual clay, siliceous.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 09V-2

County Bartow.
----~~-----------------

Sample Number ----------------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Survey.

Date Reported ~1~9~0~9~------------ Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity ____________% Working Properties Very lean, poorly plastic.

Color Variable.

Drying Shrinkage --~4------~% Dry Strength __L~o~w~-----------

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)
2246 (1230)
2498 (1370)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Dark red (vitrified)
(glassy, viscous)

Appr. Por. %

Other data:

Remarks I Other Tests "This would be a rather inferior clay if used alone."
(Veatch, 1909, p. 290).
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-34-

locn. no. Btw. 09V-2, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired mCJtPrial)
Particle Size ------ Retention Time -------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: None.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio2 Tio2 Al 2o3 Fe 2o3 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o K 2o P2os s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

}fethod

Sample Location Data:

CouInty Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (center) . Lat.

Field No.

Collected by 0. Veatch.

Dist. Long. Date c.l909

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (to Eocene?) residual clay.

Sample Description & Comments A siliceous residual clay (variable color,
texture and corn osition) from a 30 ft. hi h cut on the L & N Railroad about
1/2 mile north of Cartersville (Veatch, 1909, p. 290 .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date __S..;.e.o~..p.;;..t.:..'.:..1;;.;9.:..8.:..0;..__ __

-35-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, residual &/or colluvial.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 09V-3

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ----------------------Lab & No. Ga. Survey.

Date Reported ~~1~9-0--9---------------- Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey. Water of Plasticity _________________% Working Properties ~V~e~r~y~p~l~a~~s t~1~c~-----------------------
Color Bluish gray. Drying Shrinkage ---4~~ ~8_______% Dry Strength (tensile) 40 ps1.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)
2210 (1210)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

Shrinkage, %

%

%

(vitrified)

9

Other data:

Remarks I Other Tests "This might be of value 1n stone-ware and terra cotta
mixtures 11 (Veatch, 1909, p. 388).
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-36-

locn. no. Btw. 09V-3, cont.

Crtu~hinp, CIHiracteriRt it'H. Cu11fi nd tMlt'linl)

Particle Size

Ret ent i.on 'f im~~

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: None.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P205
s
c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot c. 80

Sec. 3

Dist. 16

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (center) . Lat.

Long.

Field No.

Collected by 0. Veatch.

Date c. 1909

Sample ~1ethod Grab (?). Structural Attitude

Weathering/alteration Residual clay from shale.

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (to Eocene?) residual cla sr)ales of the Conasauga Format ion

Sample Description & Comments ra, lastic cla

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date Sept. 1980 -37-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Alluvial clay, some sand and pebbles.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 09V-4

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ----------------
Lab & No. Ga. Survey, #6.

Date Reported 1909.

Ceramist 0. Veatch, Ga. Survey.

--~~-------------

-------- Water of Plasticity

% Working Properties

Color Red and yellow.

Drying Shrinkage ,_ __:% Dry Strength - - - - - - -

Slow Firing Tests:

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Remarks I Other Tests "The brick made from this cla
ve r y hard, and are often cracke d by the pe bbles.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: None.

burned

-38-

locn. no. Btw. 09V-4, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size ----------- Retention Time -------------
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

69.18

TiOz

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO (total)

15.43 5.83

MnO

MgO

o. 71

CaO

0.00

Na 2

0.155

K2

1. 83

PzOs
s (total) c (org.)

COz

a2o-

a2o+

6.61

Loss on

Ignition

Total

99.96

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite. vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others
Total

volume %

Analyst J.W. Spencer (1893, p. 287) and cited 1n Veatch (1909, P 290 and
App. B, No. 6, p. 410 and 411).

Date c. 1893

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec. 3

Dist. 4

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (S. 1/2) Lat.

Field No. 6 (2. 410).

Sample Method

Grab (?)

' Collected by o. Veatch.
Weathering/alteration

Long. Date c. 1909

Structural Attitude ----------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) alluvium of Etowah River.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 8-29-81
----~--~---------
-39-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Conasauga shale.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 31S-6la

County Bartow.

Samp 1e Number .c.:;_-...3;;_-..:.;A:..__ _ __

Raw Propert i es:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #61.

Date Reported -~1..9:.;..3.;;..1.;;..:..;_ _ _ _ _ _ Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity 23.4

% Working Properties Somewhat slow slaking; grainy

at first, good plasticity after aging 3 days; good molding behavior.

Color Brownish-gray. Drying Shrinkage _2_._6_____% Dry Strength (MOR) 109.3 psi.

Remarks Good drying, slight warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color Hardness (Munsell) (MOR,
psi.)

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

dry (plastic)

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Warpage

1840 (1005) 1920 (1050) 2000 (1095) 2060 (1125) 2090 (1145) 2160 (1180)

Medium red 1470

(lYR-5/5)

Fair red

1416

(R-YR-5/5)

Good red

1825

(lYR-5/4)

Good choc. 2321

red (1 YR-4/4)

Deep choc. 1917

red (R-YR-3/4)

Very deep 2257

choc.

(R-YR-3/4)

5.0 (7.5) 4.6 (7. 3) 5.3 (7. 5) 7.3 (9. 7) 5.3 (7 .8) 4.0 (6.8)

10.6 10.4
8.6 5.9 4. 5 2.6

slight slight slight considerable
bad* very bad*

* = increasing degree of pimply surfaces and glassy structure on broken ends.
Remarks I Other Tests Firing range = Cone 04 to 2 (in commercial kiln = Cone 06 to
1). Used by the old Adairsville Brick Co. to manufacture common and face brick (Smith, 1931, p. 243).
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-40-

GruHhing Ch11racteristics (unfired materi.tl) A little di (ficult t1) grind; tough rather than brittle.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al Fe

22oo33

FeD

59.18 0.91
23.83 5.95 0.86

MnO

MgO

0.13

CaD

0.00

Na 2 o K2o Pzo5 S03
c Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(org.)

0.42 3.42 0.11 0.34
*

Loss on

Ignition

4.90

Total

100.05*

Analyst E. Everhart* Ga.

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

(* = recalculated on a H20- -free basis by Smith,
p. 244).
Survey.

1931,

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard w 11 et 11

Sample Location Data:

- - - - - County --~B~a~r~t~o~w~------ Land Lot

Sec. 3

71/2' topo quad. Calhoun South (S. edge). Lat.

Dist. 15 Long.

Field No.

C-3-A

, Collected by R.W. Smith.

----~~------------

Date 4-10-30

Sample Method Grab samples across north end of pit.

Weathering/alteration Weathered at top, and fairly hard shale at base of 5 ft. deep pit.

Structural Attitude Beds generally strike N. l0E. and dip 45 to 50E.

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments Greenish-drab shale from the 11old shale pit 11 of
the B.M. Hood Co., north of their brick lant on west and south side of a ride
west of the ra~lroad, north side of Adairsville (Smith, 1931, P 243-245 .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date __..;:;8_-.=.2.:;..9-_8::.;1:.__ _ __

-41-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Colluvial clay (from the Conasauga Compilation Map Location No. Btw.31S-6lb Group).

County Bartow.

Sample Number ____c_- _3_-_B_______

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #61

Date Reported --1-9-3-1-.-------------

--------- Water of Plasticity 30.2

%

Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey
Working Properties Sticky, good plasticity; excellent molding behavior; rapid slaking.

Color Lt. grayish brown. Drying Shinkage 6.5 %Dry Strength (MOR) 288.0 psi.

Remarks Drying behavior: slight warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
( oc)

Color (Munsell)

Hardness

Linear

(MOR,

Shrinkage, %

psi.) dry (plastic)

Absorption %

Appr. Par. %

Other data: Warpage

1840

Good red* 1938

8.7 04.8)

8.8

(1005) (2YR-4/3)

1920

Choc. red* 1966

7.6 (14.1)

8.9

(1050) (2YR-3/3)

2000

Choc . red* 1624

5.4 (11. 8)

9. 0

(1095) (3YR-4/2)

2060

Deep choc. 2352

6.7 (12.7)

8.1

(1125) red* ( 1YR-4/3)

some considerable considerable
bad**

* = with white specks. ** = vitreous surface, broken ends show glassy structure.

Remarks I Other Tests Firi ng r ange from below Cone 06 to 02 (in commercial kiln =
below Cone 04). Used by the B.M. Hood Co. to manufacture roof ing t i le ( Smi th, 1931 , p. 243 , 246-248 ).

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined .

-42-

locn. no. Btw. 31S-6lb, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grindin~.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

52.71

TiOz
Al 2o3
Fez03

0.78 19.59 11.01

FeO

MnO

1.46

MgO

0.11

CaO
Na 2o
KzO
Pzos
s c

(total) (org.)

0.98 0.89 2. 70 0.46

COz

HzO-

*

HzO+

Loss on

Ignition

9.40 (*

Total

100.09*

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

recalculated on an H2o- -free basis by Smith, 1931,
p. 246).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey

Date c. 1931

Method Standard ''wet 11

Sample Location Data:

County --~B~a~r~t~o~w~------- Land Lot

Sec. 3

71/2' topo quad. Calhoun South (S. edge). Lat.

Dist. 15 Long.

Field No.

C-3-B

, Collected by R.W. Smith

------~~~--------

Date 4-10-30

Sample Method Grab - from steam

Weathering/alteration Colluvial - from shale.

shovel-full scooped from top to bottom of 10 ft. pit.

Structural Attitude Weathered clay washed from adj~cent ridge of shale.

Stratigraphic Assignment Probably Recent (?) -derived from Conasauga shale.

Sample Description & Comments Mottled brown to light gray (some white) clay from lar e it of the B.M. Hood Co., north of brick lant and west side of
on the north side of Adairsville Smith, 1931, . 245-248

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 8-29-80 -43-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Residual clay (from Conasauga). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 31S-62

County Bartow.

Sample Number

C-37

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. 1162.

Date Reported

1931

Ceramist

----~~~--------

R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity --~3~0~~7--~% Working Properties Rapid slaking; good plasticity; excellent molding behavior.

Color Drab.

Drying Shrinkage --~5~.4~___% Dry Strength (MOR) 148.5 psi.

Remarks Drying behavior: slight warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Aprox. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Munsell) (MOR,

Shrinkage, %

%

psi.) dry (plastic)

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Warpage

1840 (1005) 1920 (1050)
2000 (1 09 5) 2060 (1125) 2090 (1145)
2160 (1180)

Salmon

1649

(4YR-6/6)

Light red 2827

(R-YR-5/4)

Medium red 2836

(R-YR-5/4)

Good red 2800

(R-YR-4/4)

Deep red 1946

(R-YR-3/5)

Deep choc. 3190

red (lYR-3/4)

6.1 01.0) 8.2 (12.7) 8.8 (13.4) 9.9 (14.6) 10.2 (15.5) 10.2 (15.5)

13.9 8.0 4.9 4. 7 2.9 1.5

slight some some some
some * considerable *

* : increasing tendency to show vitreous surfaces & glassy structure on broken ends.

Remarks I Other Tests Firing range= Cone 04 to 1 (commercial kiln= Cone 05 to 01).
Satisfactory for building br i ck and possibly structural or roofing tile. Range could be l e ngthened by adding shale.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-44-

locn. no. Btw. 31S-62, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Mineralogy Not determined.

Oxide

Weight %

Mineral

volume %

SiOz

58.31

Ti02 Al 2o3
Fe 2o3
FeO

0.92 25.79
5.80 1. 27

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica

MnO

Chlorite-

MgO

0.20

vermiculite

CaO

0.00

Montmorillonite

Na 2o
K20 P2os

trace 2.68
trace

Others

S03

0.00

Total

c

(org.)

HHco22oo2+-

*

Loss on

Ignition

5.12

Total

100.09 * (* = calculated on a H20- -free basis by Smith, 1931,

P 249).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec. 3

Dist. 15

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (N. edge) . Lat.

Long.

Field No. C-37

, Collected by R.W. Smith.

----~~------------

Date 4-25-30

Sample Method Grab samples.

Weathering/alteration Soft to hard clay.

Structural Attitude Shale= strike N.l0E. and dip 75E,

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) residual clay derived from Conasauga (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments Gully exposure of residual red, brown, and
mottled yellow and red clay at N end of Tioyd Orchard Co. property, 1/2 mile SW
of Adairsville, on Snow Springs School road and on the west side of Oothkaloga
Creek (Smith, 1931, P 248-250).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 8-29-81
----~--------------
-45-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Conasauga shale.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 318-63

County Bartow.

Sample Number ~c_-~1~3___________

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #63.

Date Reported 1931.

Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

--~~~--------

Water of Plasticity 23.4

% Working Properties Slow slaking; plasticity poor

and grainy (better after ag1ng overnite); fair molding behavior.

Color Light brown. Drying Shrinkage ___1_.~4_____%Dry Strength (MOR) 32.4 psi.

Remarks Rapid drying, only s 1ight warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)

Color (Munsell)

Hardness (MOR, psi.)

1840 (1005) 1920 (1050)
2000 (1095)
2060 (1125) 2090 (1145) 2160 (1180)

Light salmon (3YR-6/6)
Dark salmon (2YR-5/5)
Light red (2YR-6/5)
Fair red (lYR-5/5)
Good red (R-YR-4/3)
Good red (R-YR-4/4)

759 1148 1352 1924 1985 2236

Firin

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, % %

dry (plastic)

3.4 (4.8) 4.8 (6.5) 5.5 (7. 2) 7.8 (9.3) 8. 7 (10.4) 7.8 (9.0)

19.4 17.7 14.5 10.5 8.5
7.2

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Warpage

slight slight slight some considerable considerable

to 5).

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-46-

locn. no. Btw.31S-63, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Mineralogy Not determined

Oxide

Weight %

Mineral

volume %

SiOz Ti02 Al203 Fe 2o3 FeO

56.83 0.91 26.11 6.08 2.57

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica

MnO

Chlorite-

MgO

0.35

vermiculite

CaO

0.00

Montmorillonite

Na20
K20
Pzo5
so3 c

(org.)

0.58 1.41 trace 0.00

Others Total

COz

Hz0H2o+

*

Loss on

Ignition Total

5.31
100.15 *

(* = recalculated on a H2o- -free basis by Smith, 1931,
p. 251).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec. 3

Dist. 15

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (N. center). Lat.

Long.

Field No. C-13

, Collected by R. W. Smith.

-----------------------------

Date 4-14-30

Sample Method Grab samples.

Weathering/alteration Variably weathered.

Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments shale from the W.E. Pearson ro

to semi-hard, brownish-drab Conasauga
1 mile S. of Adairsville, on W. side
Smith, 1931, p. 250-252

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 8-31-80

-47-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale, soft to hard, (conasauga Group).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 31S-64

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ---C---31----------
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #64

Date Reported ------------------ Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity 25.4

% Working Properties Grainy, poor plasticity (even

on agLng several days); slow slaking; poor molding behavior.

Color Reddish-brown. Drying Shrinkage _____1_. _0___% Dry Strength (MOR) 31.5 psi.

Remarks Rapid drying, very slight warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx . Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color (Munsell)

Hardness (MOR,
psi.)

Linear Shrinkage, % dry (plastic)

Absorption %

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Warpage

18 4 0 (1005) 1920 (1050) 2000 (1 09 5) 2060 (1125) 2090 (1145) 2160 (1180)

Light salmon 261

(3YR-6/6)

Salmon

423

(lYR-5/5)

Salmon

640

(2YR-6/5)

Light red

945

(lYR-5/5)

Medium red 1038

(R-YR-4/4)

Good red

1057

(R-YR-4/3)

2. 6 (3. 6) 3.3 (4.3) 3.9 (4.9) 6.6 (7. 5) 6.9 (7. 8) 8.0 (8.5)

22 .9 20.7 20.3 16.2 12.2 11.3

sligh t slight slight some some considerable

Remarks / Other Tests Firin~ ran~e = Cone 3 to 5 and hi~her (commercial kiln = Cone
2 to 5 and hi~her?). B~ itself not suitable for heav~ cla~ products manufacture,
possibl~ suitable for li~htwei~ht a~~re~ate manufacture (Smith, 1931, P 254).
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined. I

-48-

locn. no. Btw. 31S-64, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size - 16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Mineralogy Not determined.

Oxide

Weight %

Mineral

volume %

Si02

TiOz

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO

44.28 0.91
36.75 7.57 0.96

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica

MnO

Chlorite-

MgO

0.39

vermiculite

CaO

0.00

Montmorillonite

Na 2o
KP2zo0 s

0.51 2.58 trace

Others

S03

0.00

Total

C

(org.)

co 2

HzO-

*

HzO+

Loss on

Ignition Total

6.14
100.09 *

(* = recalculated on a HzO- -free basis by Smith, 1931,

p. 253).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot 101

Sec. 3

Dist. 16

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (center) . Lat.

Long .

Field No. -----C---3-1-----------------, Collected by R.W. Smith

Date 4-25-30

Sample Method Grab samples.

Weathering/alteration Variably weathered.

Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group shale (Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments Several samples from road cut and gully outcrops on the C.W. Clemmons and J.C. Greenfield ro erties both on east side Nashville RR at Ralls Station and Linwood P.O. , 5 miles south of Adairsville. Soft to to semi-hard, reddish-brown to drab shale (smith, 1931, p. 252 - 254).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 9-4-81

-49-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Drab to brownish-red shale (conasauga Group).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 318-65

County Bartow.

Sarnp 1e Number _...c;_-..2;:~6_ _ __ _

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #65.

----------------- Date Reported 1931.

Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity

% Working Properties Poor plasticity, "short" and

mealy (even on aging 3 days); slow slaking; very poor mold i ng.

Color Reddish brown. Drying Shrinkage ----------~% Dry Strength ----------------

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined.

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Remarks I Other Tests Molding behavior too "short" to form test bars as clay cracked
badly on coming through roll-p re ss die. Shale "unsuited, by itself, for the manufacture of he a vy clay products. 11 (Smith, 1931, p. 255). However, if blende d wi th a plastic clay it might be suitable for making heavy c l ay products.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-so-

locn. no. Btw.31S-65, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

59.90

Ti02

0.90

Al203
~e203

24.36 6: 38

FeO

0.38

MnO

MgO

0.23

CaO

0.00

Na20

o. 74

K20

2.10

P2os
so3 C

(org.)

trace
o.oo

C02

H2o-
H2o+

*

Loss on

Ignition Total

5.08
100.07 *

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Qaurtz Feldsp'ar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

(* = analysis recalculated on a H20- -free basis
by Smith, 1931, p. 255.).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard 11wet 11

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec. 3

71/2' topo quad. Kinsston (NE. corner) Lat.

Dist. 5 Long.

Field No.

C-26

,

----~~~----------

Collected by R.W.

Smith.

Date 4-22-30

Sample Method Several grab samples. Weathering/alteration --~W~e~a~t~h~e~r~e~d~--

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group shale (Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments Fissile to non-fissile (locally micaceous and drab to brownish-red metamor hosed shale from road branch of the Dixie Hwy.*, 3 4 mile north of the

* = Ga. Hwy. 3 and U.S. Hwy. 41.
Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 9-7-81 -51-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 31S-66a
~~~~~~~~~~-----------
Sample Number ----~c--~1_________

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #66.

----~~~--------Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity ...;;2.;.9..;..;.0_____% .working Properties Good plasticity; rapid slaking; good molding behavior.

Color Red with

Drying Shrinkage __6_._7_____% Dry Strength (MOR) 126.0 psi.

yellow specks.

Remarks Good drying behavior, slight warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)

Color (Munsell)

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(MOR,

Shrinkage, %

%

psi.) dry (plastic)

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Warpage

1840 (1005)
1920 (1050) 2000 (1095) 2060 (1125)
2090 (1145) 2160 (1180)

Salmon

1135

(3YR-6/7)

Light red 1094

(2YR-6/6)

Light red 1293

(R-YR-5/5)

Medium red 1467

(lYR-5/5)

Good red 1507

(R-YR-4/5)

Good red 1613

(R-YR-4/4)

5.4 (11.8) 5.6 (12.1) 6.5 (12.6) 8.2 04. 6) 7.2 (12.9) 9.0 (14. 8)

14.9 12.9 10.8
9.4 10.2 8.3

some some some some some some

Remarks / Other Tests Firing range = Cone 1 to 5 and higher (commercial kiln = Cone

02 to 5). "This clay is suited to the manufacture of building brick."

1931

257) which "are said to have been made from this cla

the Civil War when Cassville was the county seat.of Cass County.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-52-

locn. no. Btw.31S-66a, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Si02

58.04

Ti02 A1 203 Fe 2o3 FeO

1.15 18.85
9.79

Qaurtz Feldspar Carbonate Mica

MnO

trace

Chlorite-

MgO

0.06

ve rmi cu 1it e

CaO

0.00

Montmorillonite

Na 2o K20

0.61 3.37

Others

P205

so3

c

(org.)

trace 0.00

Total

COz

H2o-

*

H2o+

Loss on

Ignition Total

8.03
99.90 *

(* = analysis recalculated on a H20- -free basis
by Smith, 1931, p. 256).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec. 3

Dist. 5

71/2' topo quad. White West (SloT. cor.) . Lat.

+Cartersville (NW. cor.)

Field No. C-1

, Collected by R.W. Smith.

Long. Date 4-9-30

Sample Method Several grab samples. Weathering/alteration Weathered.

Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) residual clay derived from calcareous shale (or possibly from a very impure limestone?).
Sample Description & Comments Gully outcrops of mottled deep-red to grayishwhite stiffly plastic clay with spots and irregular streaks of white and brown, at laces showin traces of shal structure. From the W.D. Pittard ro ert
Old Hawks Place "ust west of Cassville villa e, 2 milei north of the Nashville
Dalton) branch of the "Dixie Hwy' * Smith, 1931, p. 255-257 .
* =Ga. Hwy. 3 and U.S. Hwy. 41.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 9-7-81

-53-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale, soft to hard (Conasauga Group).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw.31S-66b

County Bartow.

Sample Number _c_-_2______

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #66.

Date Reported --~1~9_3~1~------- Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity 27.3

%Working Properties Poor plasticity, "short" (even

on ag1ng 2 days); slow slaking; poor molding behavior.

Color Brown + green Drying Shrinkage --~1~~3___% Dry Strength (MOR) 35.4 psi. specks.

Refuarks Fairly rapid drying, slight warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)

Color Hardness (Munsell) (MOR,
psi.)

Linear Shrinkage, % dry (plastic)

Absorption %

Appr. Par. %

1840 (1005)
1920 (1050) 2000 (1095)
2060 (1125)
2090 (1145) 2160) (1180)

Pale salmon 512

(4YR-6/6)

Salmon

708

(1 YR-6/5)

Salmon

718

(1 YR-5/ 5)

Medium red 1488

(R-YR-4/5)

Good dull 1056

red (R-YR-5/4)

Deep dull 1639

red (R-YR-4/3)

1.8 (2.5) 3.5 (4.8) 5.0 (6.0) 7.6 (9.0) 7.4 (7. 8) 8.7 (10.5)

26.0 22.2 20.2 17.5 16.0 12.0

Other data: Warpage
slight slight slight slight considerable some

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-54-

locn. no. Btw.31S-66b, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size - 16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight i.

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume i.

Si02
Ti02 Al203 Fe 2o3 FeO MnO MgO

55.85 0.90
26.41 8.10 0.28
0.12

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite

CaO

Na 2o K20

P2o5

so
c

3

(org.)

0.00 1.06 1. 82 trace 0.21

Montmorillonite Others
Total

C02

H2o-

*

H2o+

Loss on Ignition
Total

5.35
100.10* (* = analysis recalculated on a H20- -free basis
by Smith , 19 31 , p . 258 . )

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data: County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec. 3

Dist. 5

71/2' topo quad. White West (SW. cor.) . Lat.

Long.

+Cartersville (NW. cor.)

Fie 1d No. __...;;c_-..::2;___ _ _ _ _, Co 11 e cted by .;;..R;.;.'...;w..;.._s.;;..m;...i..:.t_h..;.._ _ Date 4-9-30

Sample Method Several grab samples. Weathering/alteration Some weathering.

Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group shale (Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments From several scattered outcrops of soft redish brown to hard greenish-drab, fissile to massive shale on the W.D. Pittard property from low ridge just east of Cassville and the Dixie Hwy.* up to a "mile or so" north of Cassville (Smith, 1931 257-260). (Note : sam le Btw. 31S-67 is from the southern end of

*here "Dixie Hwy." is the East Branch, now Ga. Hwy. 3 and U.S. 41.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 9-7-81

-55-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Soft to semi-hard shale

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 31S-67

(somewhat metamorphosed Conasauga).

County Bartow.

Sample Number

C-14

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #67.

Date Reported _____1_9_3_1_.__________ Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity ____________%Working Properties Very poor plasticity (even on

aging 3 days) ; slow slaking; molding too poor to form test bars.

Color -R-ed-. - - - - - Drying Shrinkage - - - - -% Dry Strength
Remarks

Slow Firing Tests : Not determined.

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

(Munsell) (Mohs ') Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing ) Tests: Not determined.

are too oor

-56-

locn. no. Btw.31S-67, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Mineralogy Not determined.

Oxide

Weight %

Mineral

volume %

SiOz

55.67

Ti02 Al 2o3 Fe 2o3 FeO

1.08 28.68
8.35

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica

MnO

Chlorite-

MgO

0.29

vermiculite

CaO
Na 2o
KzO

0.00 0.23 0.10

Montmorillonite Others

Pzo5 803
c

(org.)

trace 0.00

Total

COz

H2o-

*

H2o+

Loss on

Ignition Total

5.50
99.90* (* = analysis recalculated on a H2o--free basis

by Smith, 1931, p. 260.)

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data: County Bartow.

___ Land Lot ....._

Sec.

3

Dist. 5

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (NW cor.) . Lat.

Long.

Field No.

C-14

,

--------~----------

Collected by R.W.

Smith.

Date 4-14-30

Sample Method Several grab samples. Weathering/alteration Weathered and somewhat metamorphosed.
Structural Attitude -----------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group shale (Cambrian,.

Sample Description & Comments Samples from several outcrops of somewhat metamorphosed Conasauga shale (soft to semi-hard, drab to reddish-brown and red, flak and fissile to massive) from active and abandoned road cuts on the "Dixie
Hw . " Ga. Hw . 3 & 20), 3 /4 mile NW. of Cass Stn., 1/8 mile N. of the Nashville RR. at the southern end of a low ridge sa~e as Btw. 31S-66b to the north on
the S.H. Beardon and T.McKelvy properties (Smith, 1931, P 260-261).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 9-7-81

-57-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Hard shale and soft clay

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 318-68

__ --~(~c~o-n_a_s_a_u_g_a r_e_s~i~d-u_u_m~)-.--L--------

County

Bartow.

Raw Properties:

Sample Number ----C---30---------
Lab & No. Ga. Tech., #68.

Date Reported ____1~9_3_1___________ Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity 23.8 % Working Properties Clay = sticky plasticity;
shale = grainy - fairly good on aging. Slaking is rapid to slow; molding is good.

Color Light brown. Drying Shrinkage --~4~~2____% Dry Strength (MOR) 93.5 psi.

Remarks Drying behavior: only slight warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)

Color (Munsell)

Hardness (MOR, psi.)

Linear Shrinkage, % dry (plastic)

Absorption %

Appr. Por. %

1840 (1005)
1920 (1050) 2000 (1095) 2060 0125) 2090 (1145) 2160 (1180)

Light salmon 713

(3YR-6/7)

Salmon

922

(2YR-6/6)

Light red 1050

(2YR-6/6)

Fair red

1359

(R-YR-5/5)

Medium red 1414

(R-YR-4/5)

Good red

1682

(R-YR-4/3)

2.3 (6.6) 2.6 (7. 0) 4.1 (7. 9) 5.0 (9.0) 4.6 (8.8) 5.9 (10.0)

Remarks I Other Tests Firin&
satisfactor too slow in

16.8 15.9 12.1 11.9 11.0
8.8

Other data: Warpage
slight slight slight slight some some

Preliminar~ Bloat in~ <guick Firin&) Tests: Not determined.

-58-

locn. no. Btw.31S-68, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

44.72

Ti02

0.92

Al203

43.01

Fe203

7.92

FeD

trace

MnO

MgD

0.28

Cad

0.00

Na20

0.37

K20

1. 94

P205 S03
c

(org.)

trace 0.00

C02

H2 o-

*

H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

9.89

Total

100.05*

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
ve rmi cu1it e Montmorillonite
Others

Total

(* = analysis recalculated on a H20--free basis by

Smith, 1931, P 262). Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c.l931.

Method Standard 11wet 11

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec. 3

Dist. 4

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (NW. cor.). Lat.

Long.

Field No. C-30

, Collected by R.W. Smith.

--~~--------------

Date 4-24-30

Sample Method Grab (several).

Weathering/alteration Variable.

. Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------,

Sample Description & Comments Mixture of about

arts of shale and cla

from the Richardson ro ert (Har is Homestead

RR, l 4

to 1/2 mile southeast of Cass Station. Shale

is fissile to

massive, hard and drab-colored in 500 ft. long exposure. Yellow (some brown and

red) lastic cla is from the west slo e of the ride, near a famil

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date --9~-~1~0~-8-1---------59-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Gray clay & weathered shale (Rome Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 31S-69 Formation).

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ----C---1-9---------
Lab & No. Ga. Tech.; tt69.

Date Reported _1~9_3~1~------------- Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity __2_7_._8______% Working Properties Rapid slaking; fair plasticity, a little "short"; molding behavior fair.

Color Very 1ight gray.

Drying Shrinkage ___2~~4~~% Dry Strength (MOR) 96.4 psi.

Remarks Drying behavior: Good, little or no warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)

Color Hardness (Munsell) (MOR,
psi.)

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

dry (plastic)

Appr. Par. %

Other data: Warpage

1840 (1005))
1920 (1050) 2000 (l 095) 2060 ( 1145) 2090 (1145)
2160 (1180)

Salmon

1282

(3YR-6/5)

Dark salmon 1382

(2YR-5/5)

Light red 2548

( 1YR-5/4)

Fair red 3514

(R-YR-4/3)

Deep red 3994

(lYR-3/3)

Gun-metal 4088

"black"

(YR-3/2)

5.5 (7. 8) 7.3 (9.5) 12.5 (14.8) 12.7 04. 7) 14.1 (16.3) 12.4 (14. 6)

16.5 13.7
5.8 2.1 1.0 0.1

very slight
very slight
slight
some
- considerable (with vitrified appearance)
- bad (with vitrified surface glaze)

Remarks I Other
Probabl suited roof in~ tile or

a~~re~ate manufacture

to 01). orous

Preliminarx Bloat in~ (guick Fir in~) Tests: Not determined.

-60-

locn. no. Btw.31S-69, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Si02 Ti02
Al203 Fe203 FeO MnO

56.09 0.91
29.11 6.44 0.58

Quarts Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite- .

MgO

0.13

CaO

0.00

vermiculite Montmorillonite

Na20 K20 P205 S03
c

(org.)

0.79 2.34 0.59 0.00

Others Total

C02

H2o-

*

H2o+

Loss on

Ignition Total

3.07
100.05* (* = analysis recalculated on an H20--free basis by

Smith, 1931, p. 264).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c.l931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot 267

Sec. 3

Dist. 4

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (E. center). Lat.

Long.

Field No. C-19

, Collected by R.W. Smith

~~~--------------

Date 4-17-30

Sample Method 6 ft. groove (prospect pit).

Weathering/alteration Much weathered.

Structural Attitude A "shaly structure" striking to the NW. , dipping 60SE.

Stratigraphic Assignment Rec e nt (?) residual cl a and weath e r e d sha l e of the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Rome Formation (formerly "Cartersville Formation" of Cambrian age .

Sample Description & Comments 7 ft. it: soft massive, li ht ra

to

soft and dark g'ray clay at bottom 11ith distinct shaly structure much

Cartersvi ll e, east of and ad acent to the Nashville RR. f rei ht ards (Smi th,
1931, P 263-265 .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 9-10-81

-61-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Soft shale and clay (Conasauga). Compilation Map Location No. Btw.31S-70

County Bartow.

Sample Number __c_-~9___________

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #70.

Date Reported ----1-9-3-1------------ Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity 29.6

% Working Properties Fair plasticity (slightly

"short" and grainy); rapid slaking; poor molding behavior.

Color Reddish-brown. Drying Shrinkage --~2~.~0----~% Dry Strength (MOR) 57.0 psi.

Remarks Drying behavior: good, little or no warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color (Munsell)

Hardness (MOR, psi.)

Linear Shrinkage, % dry (plastic)

Absorption %

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Warpage

1840 (1005)
1920 (1050) 2000 (1095) 2060 (1125) 2090 1145) 2160 (1180)

Salmon

917

(2YR-6/6)

Light red 1240

(1YR-5/5)

Fair red 1607

(2YR-5/4)

Good red 2185

(lYR-5/4)

Good red 2401

(R-YR-4/4)

Choc. red 2616

(1 YR-3/4)

5.3 (7. 2) 6.5 (8.5) 8.3 (10.1) 10.7 (12.7) 12.8 (14. 6) 13.7 (15.3)

19.2 16.8
9.8 8.8 6.0 3.8

slight some slight considerable considerable some (with vitrified surface)

Remarks I Other Tests Firing range= Cone 02 to 4 (commercial kiln= Cone 03 to 2).
This mixture is suitable for buildin brick manufacture on1 as the reen stren th
is too poor for other clay products (Smith, 1931, p. 267 .

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-62-

locn. no. Btw. 31S-70~ cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Very easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c.l7 hours.

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Sio2
TAil o2o2 3
Fe 2o3 FeD MnO MgO CaD

54.95 0. 92 23.06 10.87
0.03 0.00

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite

Na 2o
K20
P2o5
S03
c

(org.)

trace 3.44 0.03 0.00

Others Total

Hco2o2 -

*

H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

6.71

Total

100.01* (*=analysis recalculated on a H20--free basis by

Smith, 1931, p. 266.)

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c.l931.

Method Standard ''wet".

Sample Location Data:

- - - County Bartow.

Land Lot 243 and 262, Sec.

~~~~-------------

71/2' topo quad. White West (SE corner) . Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

C-9

, Collected by R.W. Smith.

----------------------------

Date 4-12-30.

Sample Method Grab samples along

Weathering/alteration Weathered shale

200 ft. of road ditch.

and clay.

Structural Attitude Beds strike N.5E., dipping 30 to 45E.

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group shale and clay (Cambrian).
l
Sample Description & Comments Soft, flaky, brown to red shale and yellowishbrown to reddish-brown, slightly sandy clay from beside the White to Grassdale road, 1 mile west of the L & N RR. from the properties of J. Black, J. Randolph,
R.L. Guyton and J. Ward (Smith, 1931, P 265-267).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 9-11-82

-63-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Semi-hard shale (Rome Formation). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 31S-71

County Bartow.

Sample Number ----~c_-~1~8_______

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. # 71.

Date Reported ____1_9_3_1___________ Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity __2_4_._5_____% Working Properties Poor plasticity ("short") .; slow slaking; poor molding behavior.

Color Bluish-gray. Drying Shrinkage ___1~._1____%Dry Strength (MOR) 50.6 psi.

Remarks Drying behavior: rapid with only slight warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)

Color (Munsell)

Hardness (MOR, psi.)

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

dry (plastic)

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Warpage

1840 (1005) 1920 (1050) 2000 (1095) 2060 (1125) 2090 (1145) 2160 (1180)

Light salmon 1237

(4YR-6/6)

Salmon

1307

(3YR-6/5)

Dark salmon 1455

(3YR-5/5)

Fair red

2476

(R-YR-4/4)

Deep choc. 3433

red (R-YR-3/2)

Deep choc. 3562

(R-YR-2/2)

4.3 (5.4) 4.7 (6.0) 6.8 (8.0) 10.2 01.2) 11.6 (12.2) 12.1 (13.1)

14.8 15.9 12.4
7.5 1.8 0.3

slight
slight
some
some
- considerable (with vitrified surface)
- considerable to bad (surface is vitrified, almost glazed)

Remarks I Other Tests Short firing range (Cone 01 to 2) and poor green strength
indicates it is not suitable, b itself, for heav cla roducts manufacture, but
it may be suited to lightweight aggregate manufacture Smith, 1931, P 269

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-64-

locn. no. Btw.31S-71 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding-brittle rather than tough.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time c. 17 hours.

Chemical &Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio2 Ti02
Al 2o3 Fe 2o3
FeO

48.48 0.91 33.90 6.28 0.35

MnO

MgO

2.02

CaO

0.00

Na 2o
K2o P2o5

0.57 2.42 trace

S03

0.15

c

(org.)

HC02o2 -

*

H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

4.96

Total*

100.04*

56.38 0.86 17.14 6.56 1.44 trace 3.20 0.00 0.53 9.57
0.70 3.40
99.78

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survex.

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica
Chloritevermicu 1ite
Montmorillonite Others

Total

(* = analysis recalculated on an H20--free
basis by Smith, 1931, p. 268,)

Date c. 1931.

(second analysis ~n Shearer, 1918, P 151, S-512).

Method Standard "wet".

SamEle Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot 298

Sec. 3

. 71/2' topo quad. White West (SE. side) Lat.

Field No.

C-18

, Collected by R.W. Smith,

Dist. 5 Long. Date 4-16-30

Sample Method Several grab

Weathering/alteration Weathered 12 years.

samples across quarry, perEendicular to bedding.

Structural Attitude Strike N.45 to 72E., diE 40 to 70SE. (Shearer, 1918).

Stratigraphic Assignment Rome Formation ("Cartersville Formation") - Cambrian.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

this location qn the E. sid~ of the RR).
Date ---9---1-1---8-1-----------
-65-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Semi-hard to hard shale (Conasauga Group).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 318-72

County Bartow.

Sample Number ----~C_-~1~2_______

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #72.

Date Reported 1931.

Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

--~~~-----------

Water of Plasticity--~~-.---% Working Properties Very poor plasticity, "short"; slow slaking; molding behavior too poor to form test bars on a roll press, even after several days aging.

Color _R_e_d_.__________ Drying Shrinkage ___________% Dry Strength ----------------

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined (working properties too poor).

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Remarks I Other Tests This
clay products (Smith, 1931,

for manufacture of heav

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-66-

loco. no. Btw.31S-72, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

SiOz

60.31

TiOz

1.09

Quartz

AlzOJ
Fe 2o3
FeO

22.51 7.08 1.16

Feldspar Carbonate
Mica

MnO

Chlorite-

MgO

0.25

vermiculite

CaO

Na 2o
K2o

P2o5

so c

3

(org.)

0.00 2.54 0.44 0.08 0.00

Montmorillonite Others
Total

HC02o2 -

*

H2o+

Loss on

Ignition Total

4.66 100.12*

(* = analysis recalculated on a HzO--free basis by

Smith, 1931, p.270).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c . 1931 .

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County -B-a-rt-o-\--7----------- Land Lot 259 & 245,

Sec. 3 , Dist. 5 (Sullins & Hamrick Props.)

71/2' topo quad. White West (E. center). Lat.

Long.

Field No. ------C---1-2------------, Collected by R.W. Smith.

Date 4-14-30.

Sample Method Grab samples.

Weathering/alteration Some weathering.

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) - partly metamorphosed.

Sample Description & Comments Semi-hard to hard, red (Hamrick prop.) and gray to

brownish-red "shale11 or phyllite with a crenulated f racture and a silky luster,

locally with vein quartz. Tests were run on the red and gra y typ es f rom roa d

outc ro s on the Sullins east of and

about 1 mile NW. of the L & N Railroad north -
property Smith, 1931, P 269-270 .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date ----9---1-1---8-1----------
-67-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Semi-hard red shale.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 31S-73

County Bartow.

Sample Number ----~c_-~1~7________

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #73.

Date Reported --~1~9~3~1~~--------- Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity

% Working Properties Very poor plasticity, "short"

(even after aging several days); very slow slaking.

Color Reddish-purple. Drying Shrinkage

%Dry Strength ----------------

Remarks Molding properties too poor to roll into bars.

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined (working properties too poor),

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Remarks / Other Tests Sample not suited, by itself, for manufacture of heavy clay products although it could possibly be used in blends with more plastic clays or shales (Smith, 1931 1 p. 271).
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined .


-68-

locn. no. Btw.31S-73, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

54.64

TiOz
Al 2o3 Fe 2o 3
FeO

0.90 30.33
6.31

MnO

MgO

0.64

CaO

0.00

Na 2o KzO

0.50 0.44

Pzo5 S03
c

(org.)

trace 0.00

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermicu 1ite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

COz

H2o-

*

H2o+

Loss on

Ignition Total

4.15 99.91*

(* = analysis recalculated on a HzO- -free basis by
Smith, 1931, p.271).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c .1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County -B-a-r-t-o-w-.---------- Land Lot 318

Sec. 3

71/2' topo quad. White East (W. center) . Lat.

Dist. 5 Long.

Field No.

C-17

, Collected by R.W. Smith.

----------~---------

Date 4-16-30

Sample Method Several grab.

Weathering/alteration Weathered.

Structural Attitude Red shale strikes "a little east of north" and dips "nearly vertical".

Stratigraphic Assignment From near contact between Conasau a Format ion "Cartersville Format ion

and Rome

Sample Description & Comments Semi-hard red shale near and south of the house

on the J.L. ~arker property on the west side of old Ga. Rwy. 61, about 1 mile

nor th of White (Smith, 1931, p. 270-271) and west of the L & N Ra i lroad tracks.

I

-

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date ----9---1-1---8-1----------
-69-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga). County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 31S-74 Sample Number ______c_-_5_______ Lab & No. Ga. Tech. #74.

Date Reported --~1~9~3~1~----------- Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity 26.2

%Working Properties Poor plasticity, grainy (after

aging several days)j very slow slaking; molding very poor, bars formed by "slop

moldin "

Color Brownish-red. Drying Shrinkage 1.7 % Dry Strength (MOR) 2 7. 2 :esl..

Remarks Drying behavior: rapid with little or no warpage.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF (oC)

Color (Munsell)

Hardness

Linear

(MOR,

Shrinkage, %

psi.) dry (plastic)

Absorption %

Appr. Por. Other

%

data:

Warpage

1840 (1005)
1920 (1050)
:woo
(1095)
2060 (1125)
2090 0145) 2160 (1180)

Pale salmon 337

(4YR-6/6)

Lt. salmon 581

(3YR-6/5)

Salmon

820

(2YR-6/5)

Light red 1569

(R-YR-5/5)

Fair red 1357

(R-YR-5/4)

Good red 2010

(9R-4/4)

1.0 (2.5) 2.1 (3 .6) 3.1 (4.6) 3.8 (5.2) 7.4 (9.5) 7. 4 (9.0)

23.7 20.1 17.4 14.7 11.6
8.4

none none none very slight slight slight

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-70-

locn. no. Btw.31S-74, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding; brittle rather than tough.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time
Chemical &Mineralogical Data:

c.l7 hrs.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio2 Ti02
Al 2o3
Fe 2o3 FeO

57.32 0.90
19.80 12.31

MnO

MgO

trace

CaD

Na 2o
K2o

P2os

so
c

3

Hco2o2 -

H2o+

(org.)

0.00 0.70 2.44 trace 0.00
*

Loss on

Ignition

6.80

Total

100.27*

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga.

Mineralogy Not determined.

Mineral

volume %

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite
Others

Total

(* = analysis recalculated on a H20- -free basis by
Smith, 1931, p.273).
Survey.

Date c. 1931.

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec. 2

Dist. 23 .

71/2' topo quad. White East (NW. cor.) . Lat.

Long.

Field No.

C-5

, Collected by R.W. Smith.

--------------~----

Date 4-11-30

Sample Method Grab samples from

Weathering/alteration Weathered, some-

highway cut.

what metamorphosed.

Structural Attitude -----------------------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments Artificial cuts on Ga. Hwy. 61 and the L&N RR., 1

mile north of Rydal (on the S.W. Bowen and S.R. Bradford properties) exposing hard Conasauga "shale11 or phyllite with a silky luster - some is crenulated and almost

schistose. It is most! drab to ur !ish-brown in color
fragile and crumbly where weathered (Smith, 1931, P 272

fissile -

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 9-12-81

-71-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Hard graphitic schist.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw.31S-75

County Bartow.

Sample Number ----~C~-~2~7________

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. Ga. Tech. , #76.

Date Reported ~1~9~3~1~------------ Ceramist R.W. Smith, Ga. Survey.

Water of Plasticity

%Working Properties Slow slaking (if any at all);

practically no plastic i ty; impo ssible to mold test bars, even by hand.

Color Black.

Drying Shrinkage ________% Dry Strength ----------------

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined (due to extremely poor worki ng proper ties ).

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

(Munsell) (Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Remarks / Other Tests Material not suited b itself, for manufacture products unless blended with a more plastic material (Smith , 193l, p .
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-72-

locn. no. Btw.31S-75, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Fairly easy grinding.

Particle Size -16 mesh. Retention Time

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemica 1 Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Mineralogy Mineral

volume %

Si0 2 Ti02
At 2o3
Fe 2o3 FeO

56.40 0.91
29.94 0.36 0.64

Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica

MnO

Chlorite-

MgO

0.65

vermicu1it e

CaO

0. 71

Montmorillonite

Na 2o KzO
Pz05
so3

0.83 0.69 trace 0.66

Others Total

C

(org.)

co 2

HzO-

*

HzO+

Loss on

Ignition Total

8.15 99.94*

(* = analysis recalculated on a H20- -free basis by

Smith, 1931, p. 276).

Analyst E. Everhart, Ga. Survey.

Date c. 1931

Method Standard "wet".

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

- - - Land Lot 1113 & 1120 Sec. 3

Dist. 4

71/2' topo quad. Burnt Hickory Ridge (NE. side). Lat. ____ Long.

Field No.

C-27

, Collected by R.W. Smith.

------~~~-------

Date 4-23-30.

Sample Method Grab samples.

Weathering/alteration Metamorphosed.

Structural Attitude ----------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Unit " ms" (Precambrian ?)
muscovite schist (Cressler, and others, 1979, p. 14
Sample Description & Comments Dark gray to black graphitic, micaceous schist with much quartz and pyrite from the H.A. Beard property on the side of the valley of a small branch on the south side of Pumkinvine Creek, 2 miles due south of Emerson. Sam les from the abandoned uarr of the old Atlanta Vitrified Brick Co. 1914) which unsucessfully attempted to make vitrified paving and building brick from the schist blended with local alluvial clay - the schist was also former! round and used as a fertilizer filler (Smith, 1931,
p. 274-276 by Cherokee Chemical Co. Kesler, 1950, p. 91; locn. GR 2, pl. 1 .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 9-12-81 -73-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, soft.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 46-1

County ~B~a~r~to~w-.---------------

Sample Number ----------------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; Ga. 16.

Date Reported

5-16-46

Ceramist H. Wilson, USBM.

----~~~~-------

Water of Plasticity ----------~% Working Properties F&ir plasticity; slakes readily.

Color Very dark slate Drying Shrinkage _______% Dry Strength ---------------gray.

Slow Firing Tests:

Approx. Temp.
OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

Shrinkage, %

%

%

2075

Pale Fairly hard

(1135) brick red

(Cone 2)

2174

Dark, Very hard

0190)

non-

(Cone 6) de script

Other data:

Remarks I Other Tests This material seems to merit further investi gation as a
brick cla
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-74-

locn. no. Btw. 46-1 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F 982 6 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio2

Tio2

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na 2o
K 20
P2o5
s c
Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst ------------Date

Method - - - - - - - - - - - - Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lots 421-423, Sec. ~~3___ Dist. 17
and 442-445 (Robertson, 1948, P 2)

71/2' topo quad. Wax (SE. side) & Kingston Lat. (sw. side).

Long.

Field No.

Collected by J.W. Hodge (owner). Date c. 4-26-46

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) residual clay from Knox Group carbonates.

Sample Description & Comments Dark gray clay from J.W. Hodge of Hodge Minin g Co. N. of Tay lorsville (a pp arently the same as locn. #44, Butts and Gi ldersleeve , 1948 , mi ne location map). (Al so see Btw. 65-la tq -g and 66-9.)

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 12-29-80
-----~------------
-75-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Rome Formation).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 46-2

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ------1-6-.--------
Lab & No. N.C. State College Research Lab Asheville, North Carolina; TVA #113.

Date Reported _1~0_-_8_-_4~6~----------- Ceramist M. K. Banks, TVA.

Water of Plasticity ----------~% Working Properties --------------------------------

Color Red-green.

Drying Shrinkage - - - - -% Dry Strength

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined.

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

(Munsell) (Mohs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: _N~e~g~a~t_i~v~e~-----------

Absorption %

Bulk Density

Remarks

2350 (1288)
2400 (1316)
2450 (1343)

Vitrified only (too refractory).

Remarks Not usable, by itself, for expanded lightweight aggregate manufacture.

-76-

locn. no. Btw. 46-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -8 mesh. Retention Time 30 m1n. (in muffle furnace).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P205
s c

(total) (org.)

HC02o2 -
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (NW 1/4). Lat.

___ __ Field No.

16;..._ .,:... Collected by S.D. Broadhurst (TVA).

Long. Date c. 1946.

Sa~ple Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration - - - - - - --

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Rome Formation (Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments Interim re ort on tests from N.C. Research Lab via U.S. Rankin (TVA, 10-22-46 . Sam le from roadcut on U.S. 411 and 41, 1 2 mi . E. of t heir junction, W. of Cartersv i lle. Material i s a relatively hard , red-gre en shale which is slightly sandy in s pots, but no sandsandstone beds were noted i n the immiediate vici nity. Workable areas of s i milar mater i als are f ound in the surrounding vi cini ty.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date --2--2-6---8-2-------
-77-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 46-3.

County Bartow.

Sample Number _ ____;:1..;.7..;._ _ __

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. N.C. State Coll ege Research Lab Asheville, N.C.; TVA #114.

Date Reported --1-0---8---4-6----------- Ceramist M. K. Banks , TVA. Water of Plasticity ----------%Working Properties

Color Brown-green. Drying Shrinkage

-------% Dry Strength

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined.

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Par.

(Munse 11) (Mohs ') Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: ~N~e~g~a~t...i;...v.;...;..e..;.~---------

Absorption %

Bulk Density

Remarks

2350 (1288)

2400 ( 1316)

2450 (1343)

Vitrified only (too refractory).

Remarks Not usable, by itself, for expanded lightweight aggregate manufacture.

-78-

locn. no. Btw. 46-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) ---------------

Particle Size -8 mesh. Retention Time 30 m1n. (in muffle furnace).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz
TiOz Al 2o3 Fe 2o3 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20 K2o P2os
s c
Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ------------------------------Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot --- - - Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (N. cnt r .) . Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

17

Collected by S.D. Broadhurst (TVA). Dat e c . 1946 .

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration ----------------

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments Interim rep ort on tests from N.C. Research Lab. via H.S. Rankin (TVA, 10-22-46). Sample i s f rom cut on the L & N Ra i lroad, 1/2 mi. south of Adai rsville, and is composed of fa i rly soft,' brown to gree n shale. Lime stone is present in the imme diate vicinity but not enough to prevent th e sh ale be i ng worked. Sandy layers are present but not numerous.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 2-26-82

-79-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Conasauga Group).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 46-4.

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number -----~1~8~~--------
Lab & No. N.C. State Colleg e Research Lab
Asheville, N.C.; TVA #115.

Date Reported 10-8-46

Ceramist M. K. Banks:~ TVA.

~~~~~-------------

Water of Plasticity ------------%Working Properties ------------------------------
Color (Dark green?) Drying Shrinkage --------~% Dry Strength -----------------

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined.

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

(Munse 11) (Mobs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: _P~o~s~i~t~i~v~e~----------------

Absorption %

Bulk Density

Remarks

2350 (1288)
2400 (1316)
2450 (1343)

(Bloated a small amount).

66

Poor pore structure; irregular

and brittle.

-80-

locn. no. Btw. 46-4 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) ---------------

Particle Size -8 mesh. Retention Time 30 minutes (in muffle furnace).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: None.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TiOz
Al 2o3
Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o K2o P2os
s c

(total) (org.)

COz
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ------------------------------Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot --------- Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Fairmount (SW. 1/4) . Lat.

Dist. Long .

Field No.

18

Collected by S.D. Broadhurst (TVA). Date c. 1946.

Sample Method Grab (?)

Weathering/alteration -----------------

Structural Attitude _-_____________________________..._.______+-------------

Stratigraphic Assignment ~C~o~n~a~s~a~u~g~a~G~r~o~u~p~s~l~a~t~e~~~C~a~m~p~r~i~a~n~)~-----------------------

1948, . 124-125, Table 8, sam le 4 and rna location No. 35 slate quarry, at Funkhouser grinding plant roofing granules

154).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 3-8-82
-----~~~--------------
-81-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Cla .

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 57-1

--~~------------------------------

County

Bartow.

Sample Number ----------------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; no. 728.

Date Reported 2-11-57.

Ceramist H.P. Hamlin, USBM.

~~~~~---------

Water of Plasticity --~5_0_______% Working Properties Smooth, very plastic, and slightly fatty.

Color ______________ Drying Shrinkage __________% Dry Strength

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

1800 (982) 2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260) 2400 (1316)

Cream

Light buff

Dark buff

Tan-gray (vitrified) 19

0.4

Stoneware gray

(considerable expansion
= over firing)

Remarks I Other Tests Color is poor but might be suitable for pottery or artware
or in blends with other clays.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-82-

locn. no. Btw. 57-1 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F 982 6 C)

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P2o5
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Rockmart North (NE 1/2). Lat.

or Taylorsville (N 1/3)?

Field No.

Collected by A.B. Scheuer

Long. Date Jan. 1957

Sample Method Grab (?)

Weathering/alteration -------------

Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?)
~~--~~----------------------------------

Sample Description & Comments From an abandoned "mortar mix" it in SW. Bartow County near the Polk County line. The exact location is unknown.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 12-29-80

-83-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, tripolitic.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 57-2

County ~~ B~a~ rt~o-w-. --------------

Sample Number ----------------

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; no. 825.

Date Reported ~9_-~5_-~5~7___________ Ceramist H.P. Hamlin, USBM.

Water of Plasticity -----------% Working Properties -----------------------------
Color -------------- Drying Shrinkage __________%Dry Strength

Slow Firing Tests: Not determined.

Color Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por.

(Munsell) (Mobs') Shrinkage, %

%

%

Other data:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-84-

locn. no. Btw. 57-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

- - - - - - - Particle Size 20 mesh to Retention Time 200 mesh. Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis: Not determined

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P2o5
s c

(total) (org.)

HC202o-
H2o+

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others Clay
Total

volume % 90 (+ 5%)
5 (+ 2%)
5 (+ 2%)
100

Analyst

H.P. Hamlin (?), USBM.

Date

1-16-57

Method ----------------
Sample Location Data:

X-ray and petrography.

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (?)

. Lat.

Field No.

, Collected hy A.B. Schure

-------------------

(Scheure ?)

Long . Date 1-11-57

Sample Method Grab (?) Structural Attitude

Weathering/alteration ---------

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) residual cla (from weathered Knox Grou chert?

Sample Description & Comments Com

of fine sand that "would

qualify as tripoli." (A screen analysis is available on file at the Ga.

The exact location is unknown, but is probably in the Cartersville area.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date ---12---29---80------
-85-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material _ _C_l_a~y_. ____________________ Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 57-3

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number - - - - - ---
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; no. 857.

--------------- Date Reported 10-15-57

Ceramist H.P. Hamlin, USBM.

Water of Plasticity _______% Working Properties Very plastic, smooth, slightly sandy. pH - 4.03.
Remarks Drying behavior: No defects.

- - - - - Color Light gray. Drying Shrinkage

5

% Dry Strength

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp.
o~,
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. %

Other data: Appr. Sp. Gr.

1800 Light pink (982)
2000 Light pink (1093) 2100 Light 1vory (1149)
2200 Light tan (1204) 2300 Tan-gray (1260)
2400 Gray (1316)

Soft, crumbly Soft, crumbly Fairly hard
Fairly hard
Hard
Very hard

5.5 7.5 10.0 11.0 12.5 12.5

19.0 18.1 ll.8
7.6 5.5 2.9

32.9 32.0 23.1 15.9 11.7
6.4

2.58 2.60 2.55 2.48 2.42 2.37

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

1<. J.

-86-

locn. no. Btw. 57-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: None.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TiOz
AI 2o3
Fe203

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO Na 2o KzO

Pzo5
s c

(total) (org.)

HHCO22ooz+-
Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2 1 topo quad. Cartersville (SW 1/4). Lat.

Long.

Field No.

Collected by Don Ray (Ga. Survey) Date c. 9-16-57

Sample Method Grab (?)

Weathering/alteration ----------

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?)
~~~~~~-------------------------------------

Sample Description & Comments From the F.H. Shaw property (near Ladds) about
2 miles southwest of Cartersville - the precise location is unknown.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 12-29-80

-87-

CERAMIC '.fESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, halloysite. County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 59-l Sample Number ______2_._________
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; no. 1091.

Date Reported --5---2-1---5-9----------- Ceramist H.P. Hamlin, USBM.
Water of Plasticity _____4~6~____% Working Properties Fairly plastic, slightly "short"; and tears easily. pH= 4.5.

Color White.

---------------- Drying Shrinkage 2.5

%Dry Strength

~--------

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other data:

Shrinkage, %

%

%

App. Sp. Gr.

1800 (982) 2000 (1093) 2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260) 2400 (1316)

White White White White White White

Soft, crumbly
Soft, crumbly
Soft, crumbly
Soft, crumbly
Hard
Hard

9.5 9.5 9.5 10.5 17.0 20.0

37.7 36.9 36.0 31.7 17.6 13.2

50.8 50.5 49.7 46.5 32.6 26.7

2. 74 2. 76 2.75 2.74 2.75 2. 76

Remarks / Other Tests PCE = Cone 35-36; X-r.ay and electron microscope analysis

indicates a hi h rade hallo site with ve

extraneous materia l. Color

anal sis also performed: "Colors are satisfacto for an ceramic use." A Por.

data added by K. J. Liles, USBM, written communication, 2-16-84.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-88-

locn. no. Btw. 59-1 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 8 F, 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis: Not determined.

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2

Ti Al

0
2

2o3

FE 20 3

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2 o
Ks2 0

(total}

c
cHo2o2 -
H20+

(org.)

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar
Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Halloysite Total

volume %
100 100

Analyst
Date
Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

H.P. Hamlin, USBM. 5-21-59 X-ray & electron microscope.

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Acworth (NW. cor.)

. Lat.

Long .

Field No. ______2~------------' Collected by E.C. Perry, Jr. (Ga. Survey)

Date 1958

Sample Method Grab (?)

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) associated with ~ron ores in Shady Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments High grade halloysite clay associated with iron ore at the open pit mine on the Frank . Smith property at Bartow, E. of U.S. Hwy.
41 and N. of Pum ki nvine Creek below Allatoona store (A.S. Furcron, Ga. Min. Newsletter, 1959, p. 42 and 43 and unpubl. notes . Also see Color Analysis.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 3-29-82

-89-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, kaolin.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 61-l(a)

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number --------------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn. #1359 ( 857).

Date Reported --9---2-0---6-1-.---------- Ceramist H.P. Hamlin, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 26.0

%Working Properties Fair plasticity; gritty and

- - -- - -

11 short 11 working. pH = 5. 2.

Color Light cream. Drying Shrinkage ____5_._o____% Dry Strength ~L~o~w~----------

Remarks Drying pro perties: Good.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Par. Other data:

%

Appr.

Sp. Gr.

1800 (982) 2000 (1093) 2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260)
2400 (1316)

Faint ivory Off-white Off-white Light gray Light gray Light gray

5.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 11.0 12.5

20.5 19.5 17.6 13.l 12.1
3.7

34.9 34.1 31.7 25.1 23.2
8.2

2.62 2.65 2.64 2.56 2.49 2.43

Remarks I Other Tests Potential use for off-color ceramic ware and low heat-duty

refract or roducts. Bene f iciat i on to remove the uartz and mica woul d im r ove

the qua l ity of th i s clay see Btw. 61-lb

App. Por. data added by K. J. Li les,

USBM, wr i tten commun i cation, 2-16-84.)

Preliminary Boating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-90-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay (bastard stoneware). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 61-l(b)

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number - - - - - - - -
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; #1359 A (washed
from 1359).

Date Reported ~4_-_1_6_-_6_2~--------- Ceramist H.P. Hamlin, USBM.
Water of Plasticity ___3~3~~0____%Working Properties Fairly plastic and smooth; slightly fatty; fine grit.

Color Gray.

Drying Shrinkage ~5~~0____% Dry Strength Above average.

Remarks Drying properties: Good; no defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Appr.

Sp. Gr.

1800 Very lt. Fair hard (3) 5.5

(982) cream-gray

2000 Off white Very hard (5) 9.0

(1093)

2100 Very lt. Steel hard (6) 11.0

( 1149) gray

2200 Very lt. Steel hard (6) 15.5

(1204) tan-gray

2300 Very lt. Steel hard (6) 16.0

(1260) tan-gray

2400 Light

Steel hard (6) 0.2

(1316) gray

20.7 14.4 8.5 4.1
0.1 0.2

34.5 26.7 17.5
9.0 2.3 4.5

2.54 2.53 2.49 2.42 2.34 2.34

Remarks / Other Tests PCE = slightly below Cone 27 (on the unbeneficiated
material it was Cone 20). Properties improved by washing (from Btw. 61-la).

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Not determined.

-91-

loco. no. Btw. 61-1 (a & b) 2 cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not det ermined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MoO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P205
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

~~~~---------

Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (SW. 1/4) . Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

Collected by C.A. Shields, Jr. Date August 1961

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration ---------------

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment __R_e~c~e_n_t__(~?~)~c_l_a~y~---------------------------------

Sample Description & Comments Clay sample (associated with gravel deposit) from the Shaw property 1/2 mile from Etowah mound - also see Btw. 57-3.

data, Ga. Survey files

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 2-5-82
----~--------------

-92-

-93-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay (tripolitic).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 61-2

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ---------------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; #1302.

Date Reported 3-8-61.

Ceramist H.P. Hamlin, USBM.

--~~~-----------

Water of Plasticity ~3~8~~0____~% Working Properties Short, not plastic; fine grit. pH - 5. 0.

--------------- Color Cream.

Drying Shrinkage 5.5

% Dry Strength Low.

~~~-------

-~~-----

Remarks Drying properties: No defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Appr.

Sp. Gr.

1800 (982)
2000 (1093) 2100 ( 1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260) 2400 (1316)

Buff-cream Off white Off white Off white Off white Off white

Soft, crumbly
Soft, crumbly Soft, crumbly Soft, crumbly Soft, crumbly Fair hard

6.0 6.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 Expanded

33.5 33.1 31.6 28.1 19.2 16.4

46.8 46.4 45.3 42.0 32.1 28.0

2.63 2.62 2.62 2.58 2.46 2.37

Remarks I Other Tests Potential use for abrasive buffin ~ comEounds, foundrr mold
facin s, inert filler, etc. (A p. Por. data added b K. J. Liles, USBM, written communicat ion, 2-16-84.

Prelimina ry Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: _N_o_t__d~e_t_e_r_m_i_n_e_d_._________________________

-94-

locn. no. Btw. 61-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size-20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr.
to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TFAeil022o2o33
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2 o
KzO

Pz05

s

(total)

c

(org.)

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Clay (kaolin)
Total

volume %
+
90-
100

Loss on Ignition

Total

Analyst

H.P. Hamlin, USBM.

Date

3-8-61

Method

Not given.

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (SE. side). Lat.

Long.

Field No.

Collected by R. Turkington. Date c. Feb. 1961.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration Residual (?) shale.

Structural Attitude --------------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Weathered shale probably from the Knox Group.

Sample Description & Comments Li ght grey shale with brown "iron" stains
collect~d on U.S. Hwy 41, 4 miles south ,of Cassville.

Compiled by -----B-.--J-.--O--'C--o-n-n-o-r--------- Date 2-5-82

-95-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 64-1

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ------2-0---------
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1553-R.

Date Reported ~4_-~8_-~6~4~~~~----- Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E.

(revised 1967)

Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.)

Color ____R~e~d~------ Drying Shrinkage 1.0 (0.0) %Dry Strength Good. (Low.)

Remarks Drying props.: Fair- uneven surface. (No defects.)

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness (Mobs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cm3

1800

Tan

(982)

1900

Tan

(1038)

2000 Light brown

(1093)

2100

Brown

( 1149)

2200 Dark choc.

(1204) (brown)

2300 Dark choc.

0260) (brown)

Soft (2)
Soft (2)
Hard (4)
Hard (4)
Steel hard (6)
Steel hard (6)

2.5 2.5 6.5 (6.0) 9.5 (9.0) 9.5 (9.0) 11.0

26.8 21.5 15.7
8.6 1.8 1.1

41.3 35.9 28.9 17.9
4.3 2.7

1. 54 1. 67 1. 84 2.08 2.38 2.41

and tile,

color. (Abrupt vitrification). Potential use: brick tile. Should fire to "SW" face brick

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: _N_e~g~a_t_i_v_e_.__________

NOTE: App. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell.

-96-

locn. no. Btw. 64-1, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982 6C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemica 1 Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe 203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P2os
s c

(total) (org.)

HCH2022oo+-
Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (NW. 1/4) . Lat.

Long.

Field No.

( 11 new

12 11 ),

20

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date 1963.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments On east side of U.S. Highway 41, 0.16 mile
north of intersection with U.S. Hi hwa 411, 8.60 miles S. of Btw. 64-2 and near Btw. 31S-67 after Sm1th, 1968?, unpubl. ms . .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-22-82

-97-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 64-2

County Bartow.

Sample Number _ _.....;;2...,6_ _ __

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1553-X.

Date Reported..,......4....,--:;8_-..6....4.. ,......,.....,..,....,...---Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E.

(revised 1967)

Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.)

Color Red-tan.

Drying Shrinkage 2.5 %Dry Strength Good. (Low.) -~;..;;..._....;

Remarks Drying props.: Good, slightly rough surface. (No defects.)

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
Cc)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Par. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

grn/cc

1800 Red-tan (982) 1900 Red-tan (1038) 2000 Red-brown (1093) 2100 Red-brown (1149) 2200 Dark brown (1204) 2300 Dark brown (1260)

Soft (2)
Fair hard
(3)
Hard (4)
Hard (4)
Very hard (5)
Steel hard (6)

2.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 (5.0) 8.5 (8.0) 10.0

29.1 22.3 18.3 16.2 12.8
9.6

46.3 37.9 33.1 30.6 25.6 20.3

1.59 1. 70 1. 81 1. 89 2.00 2.11

Remarks I Other
brick specifications brick . )

(Should fire to "MW" face Inside brick. Face

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: _N...,e~g~a...,t_i...,v...,e_._ _ _ ___

Note: App. Par. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks 1n parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell.

-98-

locn. no. Btw. 64-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 11 min. dra\..r trials (following 3-4 hr. to l800 6 F, 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TiOz

Al Fe

2 2

oo33

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

NazO

KzO

PzOs
s c

(total) (org.)

COz
H2o-
H2o+

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartzrtz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date -------
Method -----------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' tapa quad. Adairsville (E. cntr.) . Lat.

Long.

Field No. 26, ("new 1011 )

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date 1963.

Sample Method Grab (?). Structural Attitude

Weathering/alteration --------

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments On the east side of U.S. Highway 41, 8.76 miles northwest of intersection with U.S. Highway 411, and 8.60 miles N. of Btw. 64 1 (after Smith, 1968?, unpubl. ms.).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date -1--2-2--8-2---------

-99-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 64-3

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ----3-6-----------
Lab & No. USBM, Norris , Tenn. ; No. 1554-H.

Date Reported 5-8-64

Ceramist M.V. De nny, USBM (revised by M. E.

~(-r_e_v~i-s-e~d~l~9~6~7~)----

Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa , Ala.)

Water of Plasticity 24.2 smooth. (Low
Color Light-brown. Drying

Remarks D rrin~ pro2s.: Slow Firing Tests:

fair 1 rou ~h.

(No defects.)

Temp. OF

Color

( oc)

1800 F le sh (982)

1900 Red-tan (1038)

2000 Light brown (1093)

2100 Brown (1204) 2200 Chocolate (1204)

2300 Dark brown (1260)

Hardness (Mohs')
Fai r hard
(3)
Hard (4)
Hard (4)
Very hard (5) Very hard (5) Shattered

Linear Shrinkage, %
0.5 (o.o)
2.5 5.0 5. 0 5.0 Expanded

Absorption %
22.2 17.7 15.4 13.4
9. 7

Appr. Por. %
37.7

Other data: Bulk Dens. g_m /cc I. 70

32.2

1. 82

29.1

1. 89

26.3

1. 96

20.0

2.06

Remarks I Other Tests Good color, low shrinkage, abso rpt ion a little high , mottled
surface. (Should fire to 11MW11 f ace br icks ec ifications at 21 00 6 F, 1 204 6 C.) Potential use: decorative brick. Face brick. Might make good art pot tery if plast i ci zer ad ded .

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Positive.

Temp. OF
(oC)
19 00 (1038) 2000 (1093) 2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260)

Absorption %
14. 3 16.0 19.0 15.0 8.5

Bulk Density

g/cm3 lb/ft3

2 . 45

153

2.43

151

1. 98

123

1.83

114

1.42

87.5

Remarks
Slight bloating, no skin. Slight bloating, no skin. Rotary kiln bloating about 2100F ( 1149C).

Remarks Possible lightwei gh t aggregate ; a little heavy and hi gh temperature.

-100-

locn. no. Btw. 64-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) _G..:.o..:.o_d_._ __

Particle Size -20 mesh Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to and -3/4", + 1/2" 1800F,, 982 8 C) and 15 min. (quick-firing tests).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

t-1g0

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P205
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot ---- Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (N. cntr.) . Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No. ("new 9"), 36

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date 1963. -~...;.....;;...:._

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration ---------------

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments 12 feet below the to of the cut on the west side of County Road S-829 (Kingston-Adairsville Road , 3.27 miles south of

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

nate 1-22-82 -101-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group). County Bartow.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 64-4 Sample Number _ _-.:3:...7:._ _ __

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris , Tenn.; No. 1554-I.

Date Reported ~5_-_8_-~6~4~~~~-- Ceramist M.V. Den ny, USBM (revised by M. E.

(revised 1967)

Tyrrel l, Tuscaloosa, Ala.)

Water of Plasticity 19.0
smooth.-~(~L-0-w-~-

Color Gray.

Dr ying

Remarks Drying props.: Good. (No defects.)

Slow Firin~ Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)
1800 (982)
1900 (1038) 2000 (1093) 2100 ( 1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260)

Color Fl esh

Hardness

Linear

(Mohs') Shrinkage, %

Fair hard (3) o.o

Tan

Hard (4)

4.0

Light

Hard (4)

4. 5 (4.0)

brown

Chocolate Very hard (5) 5.5 (5.0)

Dark brown

Steel hard (6) 7.5 (Expanded)

Absorption
%
18.6 14.5 12.4 10.1
6.8

Appr. Por.
%
33 . 5

Other data: Bulk Dens. '{;.ro / c c 1. 80

27.8

1.92

24.4

1. 97

20.7

2.05

14.8

2.18

Remarks I Other

lasticizer. Too much

(Should fire to "MW" f ace br ick s ecifications at about 2000 F ,

Potent i a l use: decorative br i ck and ins i de t i le. (Face br i ck.

flue tile.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Positive.

Temp. OF
(oC)
1900 ( 1038) 2000 (1093) 2100 (1149) 2200 0204) 2300 (1260)

Absorption %
21.0 21.0 12.0
2.8 2.3

Bulk Density

g/cm3 lb/ft3

2.22

139

2.28

142

2.05

128

1. 59

99

1.33

83

Shaley.
Irregular bloating. Layered bloating. Layered bloating, good skin.

Remarks Use: Probable lightweight aggregate, a little heavy and high temperature.

'.j

-102-

locn. no. Btw. 64-4 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Shaley.

Particle Size -20 mesh Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (followin 3-4 hr. to and -3/4", + 1/2 11 1800F, 982 C and 15 min. quick-firing tests

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Tio2 Al 2o3 Fe 2o3 FeO

. MnO

MgO

CaO

Na 2o K 2o

P2o5

s

(total)

c (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (N. cntr.) . Lat.

Long.

Field No. 37, ("new 8")

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date 1963.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration ------------

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments 20-25 feet from the to of the cut on W. side
County Road S-829 (Kingston-Adairsville Road , 2.65 miles south of inter-
section with Ga. Hi hway 140 in Ada'rsville, and 0.62 mile N. of Htw. 64-3
about 1.1 mileS. of Btw. 67-3 and just s. of Btw. 31S-63 after Smith,
1968? unpubl. ms.).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-22-82

-103-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 64-5

County Bartow.

Sample Number --~4~0__________

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1554-L.

Date Reported ~~5_-~8~-~6~4~~~~- Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM (revised by M. E.

(revised 1967)

Tyrrell, Tuscaloosa, Ala.)

Water of Plasticity 26.2

% Working Properties

fatty. (Moderate plasticity.) pH= 7.1.

smooth, HCl.

Color Gray.

------ - Drying Shrinkage

2.5 %Dry Strength Good. (Fair.)

Remarks Drying props.: Good. (No defects.)

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness (Mobs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800

Tan

(982)

1900 Light brown

(1038)

2000 Medium brown

0093)

2100

Brown

(1149)

2200 Dark brown

(1204)

2300 Dark brown

0260)

Fair hard (3)
Hard (4)
Hard (4)
Very hard (5) Glassy
Glassy

4.0 10.0 12.5 12.5
5.0 Expanded Expanded

19.6 11.8
9.0 7 .I 4.2 1.1

34.1 23.4 18.8 15.2

1. 74 1. 98 2.09 2.14

Potential use: Face brick.
Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: ~N_e~g~a~t~i~v~e~----------
Note: App. Por. and Bulk Dens. plus data and remarks in parentheses are from 1967 revised data sheets by Tyrrell.

-104-

n. no. Btw. 64-5 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr.
to 1800 6 F, 982aC).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TiOz

ALz0 3 Fe 2o3 FeD

MnO

MgO

CaD

Na 2o K2D P2Ds
s
c Hco2o2 -
H2o+

(total) (org.)

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (N. edge) . Lat.

Long.

Field No. 40, ("new 6") Sample Method Grab (?).

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date - -19-63.-

Weathering/alteration ---------------

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments On the west side of County Road S-829 (Kingston-
Adairsville Road), 1.11 miles south of intersection with Ga. Highway 140 in Adairsville, about 1/2 mile N. of Btw. 64-4 at about the same location as Btw. 318-62 (after Smith, 1968?, upubl. ms.).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-22-82

-105-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ~C~l~a~y~---------------------- Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 64-6

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number--------------
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1618.

Date Reported -~7_-~9_-~6~4_________ Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity _4_9_._4_______% Working Properties Short-working, smooth,
plastic, fatty. pH = 4.90.

Color Light yellow. Drying Shrinkage ----1_._0____% Dry Strength ~G~o~o~d~---------

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
cc>

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other data:

(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, %

%

%

App. Sp. Gr.

1800

Flesh

Soft (2)

5.0

(982)

1900

Flesh

Soft (2)

5.0

( 1038)

2000

Pink

Fair hard 5.0

(1093)

(3)

2100

Pale pink Fair hard 5.0

(1149)

(3)

2200

Light

Fair hard 5.0

(1204) gray

2300

Yellow- Hard (4)

5.0

(1260) gray

45.5 41.7 38.5 37.0 35.7 37.0

50.1 48.6 46.9 46.3 45.9 46.2

2.21 2.27 2.29 2.33 2.38 2.32

Remarks I Other Tests
tile. (Also too soft

for brick or alkali (sodium corrected and written communication, 2-16-8l.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: ~N~e~g~a~t~i~v~e~----------

*Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-106-

locn. no. Btw. 64-6 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 8F, 982 6 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaD
Na 2o K20

P205

s

(total)

c (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. ------------------------. Lat.

Field No.

Collected by Bob M. Green.

Long . Date April, 1964.

Sample Method Grab (?).

Weathering/alteration -------------

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Cambrian (Conasauga Group or Rome Formation ?)

Sample Description & Comments Exact location unknown (probably from road-
cut). From Bob M. Green, Route 1, White, Georgia.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 3-25-82

-107-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 64-7

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Samp 1e Number - - - - -- - Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; #1629.

Date Reported ~8_-~2~8_-~6~4_______ Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM.

\-later of Plasticity 3._1_. _6_____% Working Properties Long working, smooth, plastic, fatty. pH- 7.35. Soluable salts - 1.2%.

Color Light brown. Drying Shrinkage ---~6~ ~5--~% Dry Strength -~F~a~i~r~-----Remarks Drying props: Fair, slight warping, some craz1ng, scum.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

App. Sp. Gr.

1800 Reddish (982) brown 1900 Reddish (1038) brown 2000 Brown (1093) 2100 Chocolate (1149)
2200 Chocolate (1204) 2300 Chocolate (1260)

Fair hard ( 3)
Hard (4)
Very hard (5)
Steel hard (6)
Steel hard (6)
Very hard ( 5)

9.0 11.0 15.5 16.0 12.0 10.0

14.9 11.9 4.6
1.8 0.8 0.6

27.6 23.4 10.1
3.9 1.6 1.1

2.56 2.56 2.43 2.24 2.04 1. 84

Remarks I Other Tests Poor color, high shrinkage, expands. Potential Use: Ceramic
- none; lightweight aggregate possibility. (Absorption data corrected and App. Por. data added by K. J. Liles, USBM, written communication, 2-16-84.)

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Positive.

Temp. OF
( oc)

Absorption %

Bulk Density g/cm3 lb/ft3

Remarks

2000

6.1

(1093)

2100

3.9

(1149)

2200

5.4

(1204)

2300

9.7

(1260)

2.17

146

1. 28

80

1. 22

76

o. 71

49

Shaley expansion. Shaley expans1on. Fair skin - cracks. Good skin.

Remarks Drying characteristics - Good. Use: Possible lightweight aggregate.

-108-

locn. no. Btw. 64-7 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) .:G;..:o;..:o;..:d;;.;;____

Particle Size -20 mesh and -1", + 3/4"
Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

tests). Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe 2o3 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P2os

s

(total)

c (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Uethod -----------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

- - - - Land Lot

Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Calhoun South (S. edge). Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No.

Collected by J.J. Mion (with Date 1964. R.D. Bentley, Ga. Survey).

Sample Method Grab (?)

Weathering/alteration -----------

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments From shale it about 1/4 mile N-NW. of the old shale pit of the B. Miffin Hood Company at Adairsville see locn. no. 31S-61 -sample No. 61 of Smith, 1931, P 243-248).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 3-25-82 -109-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material _C_l_a..y.._._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 65-1 (a)

County Bartow.

Sample Number ----~#~1_ _ _ ___

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; #1680-A.

Date Reported ___2_-_1_6_-_6_5_______ Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ___3_1_._4___% Working Properties Long-wo rking, smooth, plastic, fatty. pH- 2.20. Solu-Br.K. = 40.0.

Color _R~e_d~-------- Drying Shrinkage ----~0~~0___% Dry Strength ___F_i_n_e_._______

Remarks Drying props.: Good with slight scum.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other data:

(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, %

%

%

App. Sp. Gr.

1800 Pink-tan (982) 1900 Tan (1038) 2000 Light brown (1093) 2100 Chocolate (1149) 2200 Dark brown (1204) 2300 Black-brown (1260)

Fair hard (3)
Hard (4)
Very hard ( 5)
Steel hard (6)
Steel hard (6)
Very hard (5)

4.0 7.0 10.0 14.0 14.0 18.0

25.6 17.5 11.6
7.2 4.4 1.4

40.2 31.3 22.9 15.4
9.9 3.4

2.63 2.60 2.56 2.52 2.51 2.45

Remarks I Other Tests Fair color, slight scum, shrinkage a little high.
Addition of alkali would improve working propertie.s. Very high soluble salt content. Mostly sulfates; may need addition of barium salts to control efflorescence. Potential Use: Brick - inside or glazed; art pottery.

Absor tion data corrected and A . Por. data added b K. J. Liles USBM written communication, 2- 16-84.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. *Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-110-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ~C~l~a~y~---------------------- Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 65-1(b)

County Bartow.

Sample Number _..;;.i!..;;.2_ _ _ __

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1680-B.

Date Reported _2_-_1_6_-...,6..;.5______ Ceramist M. V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ___2...,9._.;.0___%Working Properties Long-working, smooth, plastic, fatty. pH= 6.20. Solu-Br.K. - 3,5.

Color Yellow.

Drying Shrinkage ___o_._o___%Dry Strength ___Go_o_d_.________

Remarks Drying props: Fair with cracks and warp1ng.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other data:

(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, %

%

%

App. Sp.Gr.

1800 Light tan (982)
1900 Light tan (1038)
2000 Tan (1093) 2100 Light brown (1149) 2200 Brown (1204) 2300 Dark gray (1260)

Fair hard
(3)
Fair hard (3)
Hard (4)
Very hard (5)
Steel hard (6)
Steel hard ( 6)

4.0 8.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0

22.2 17.9 ll. 8
6.8 4.6 2.5

34.2 30.9 22.8 14.4 10.1 5.7

2.34 2.50 2.50 2.48 2.43 2.42

Remarks / Other Tests Good color; checks; warping; shrinkage a little high; and higher temperature color is spotted (pepper-like). Addition of fine quart would reduce shrinka e and absor tion. Potential Use: Brick-inside or lazed; art
otter . Ceramic use limited to low-stren th structures or non-weatherin

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. *Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-1ll-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material __C~l_a.y_.___________________ Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 65-l(c)

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Lab & No.

Sample Number #3. --~-----------
USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1680-C

Date Reported 2-16-65

Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM

------~-----------

Water of Plasticity 30.4% Working Properties Long-working, smooth; plastic, fatty. pll = 6.55. Solu-Br.K. - 30.

Color Yellow.

Drying Shrinkage 4.0%

Dry Strength Fair.

Remarks Drying _ero2s.: Fair with crazin~ and war2i.n~ Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF

Color

CO c)

1800 Tan

(982)

1900 Tan

(1038)

2000 Light

(1093) brown

2100 Brown

( 1149)

2200 Chocolate

(1204)

2300 Blue-black

(1260)

Hardness

Linear

(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, %

Soft ( 2)

4.0

Fair hard (3) 6.0

Hard (4)

10.0

Very hard (5) 14.0

Very hard (5) ' 15.5

Steel hard (6) 18.0

Absorption %
32.3 20.8 14.9 10.1
6.9 2.6

Appr. Por. Other

%

data:

A22 s:e. Gr.

47.1

2.76

35.4

2.63

28.2

2.63

20.9

2.61

15.2

2.59

6.3

2.58

use:

tern erature. conditions.) USBM, written

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: _N_e~g-a_t_i_v_e_.___________

*Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-112-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material ~C~l~a~y~----------------------- Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 65-1(d)

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ..;;4!....;4~----------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1680-D.

Date Reported ___2_-_1_6_-_6_5__________ Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 29.6 % Working Properties Long-working, smooth, plastic, fatty. pH- 7.10. Solu-Br. K. - 14.0.

Color _P_i_n_k_._______ Drying Shrinkage ___4_._0___% Dry Strength _.:;.F.=a;,;:i.=r.;;._________

Remarks Drying props.: Poor with scum, warping, and iron stain.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
CO c)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other data:

(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, %

%

%

App. Sp. Gr.

1800 Off white (982) 1900 Off white (1038)
2000 Pale tan (1093) 2100 Tan-gray (1149) 2200 Brown-gray (1204) 2300 Grey (1260)

Soft (2)

4.0

Fair hard (3) 5.5

Hard (4)

8.0

Very hard (5)
Very hard (5)
Steel hard (6)

13.0 15.0 15.0

25.6 15.9 10.8
6.3 3.4 1.8

39.1 28.6 21.3 13.7
7.9 4.2

2.51 2.52 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.46

. Remarks I Other Tests Fair color; addition of barium salts would eliminate stainin

Shrinka~e a little hi&h; warping_. Potential Use: None

Absorpt-ion data

corrected and AE2 Por. data added bx: K. J. Liles,

2-16-84.)

I

communication,

Preliminarx: Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: ~N-=e~g~a-=t..=i..;;v..=e..;;._________

*Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-113-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES Material __c_l_a~y_._____________________ Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 65-l(e)

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number --~#~5~--------Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1680-E.

Date Reported ~2_-~1~6_-~6~5___________ Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ___2_7~~4_____% Working Properties Long-working, smooth, plastic. pH- 7.00. Solu-Br. K. - 3.5.

Color Light pink. Drying Shrinkage --~4~~0____% Dry Strength __G~o~o_d_._________

Remarks Drying props.: Good with slight scum. Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other data:

(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, %

%

%

App. Sp. Gr.

1800 Pink-white (982) 1900 Pink-white (1038) 2000 Pale flesh (1093) 2100 Tan-flesh ( 1149) 2200 Pink-gray (1204) 2300 Gray

Fair hard
(3)
Fair hard
(3)
Hard (4)
Very hard (5)
Very hard
Steel hard (6)

4.0 5.0 8.0 11.0 11.0 11.0

24.4 17.5 12.0
3.3 2.9 2.0

38.3 30.8 23.3
7.6 6.7 4.5

2.54 2.54 2.53 2.49 2.48 2.38

Remarks I Other Tests

Li ht color; sli ht scum. Potential Use:

Inside brick; wall tile

Ceramic use limited to low-stren th structures

or non-weatherin conditions . Absor tion data corrected and A

data added

by K. J. Liles, USBM, written communication, 2-16-84.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative .

. *Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-114-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES Material _C_l_a.y_._______________________ Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 65-1(f)

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ----if-6----------
Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1680-F.

Date Reported 2-16-65

Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM.

----~~~--------

Water of Plasticity ____3~5_._2____% Working Properties Long-working, smooth, plastic, fatty. pH= 6.75. Solu-Br. K. = 3.3.

Color Yellow.

Drying Shrinkage ____4_._5____% Dry Strength --~F~a~i~r~--------

Remarks Drying props: Good with slight warping.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
Cc)

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Par. Other data:

(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, %

%

%

App. Sp. Gr.

1800 Red-tan (982) 1900 Red-tan (1038)
2000 Light brown (1093) 2100 Chocolate (1149) 2200 Dark brown (1204) 2300 Very dark (1260) brown

Fair hard (3)
Fair hard
(3)
Hard (4)
Very hard (5)
Very hard (5)
Steel hard (6)

5.0 5.0 9.0 13.0 15.0 18.0

27.8 26.3 20.0 13.0
8.9 2.2

42.9 41.2 34.5 24.8 18.4
5.2

2. 70 2.66 2.63 2.54 2.54 2.49

and App. Par. data added by K. J. Liles, USBM, written. Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative. *Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-llS-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material _C_l_a..y.._.___________ Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 65-1(g)

County Bartow.

Samp 1e Number ___ii::..P:...:....__ __

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Norris, Tenn.; No. 1680-G.

Date Reported _2_-~1~6_-~6~5_ _ _ _ _ _ Ceramist M.V. Denny, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ~3~1~~4____%Working Properties Long-working, smooth, plastic. pH= 6.20. Solu-Br. K. = 2.4.

Color Red. ~~::....____ Drying Shrinkage % -~5-.- 0---- Dry Strength --F~ a~ ir~ . ----Remarks Drying props.: Fair with cracks and slight warping.

Slow Firing Tests:

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other data:

(Mohs' )* Shrinkage, %

%

%

App. Sp. Gr.

1800 (982) 1900 (1038) 2000 (1093)
2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260)

Red-brown Red-brown Brown Dark brown Dark brown Very dark brown

Fair hard
(3)
Fair hard
(3)
Hard (4)
Very hard
(5)
Very hard
(5)
Steel hard
(6)

8.0 8.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 15.0

24.4 22.2 14.9 13.0 12.2 11.0

42.3 40.4 30.9 27.9 26.6 24.5

3.00 3.05 3.00 2.98 2.97 2.95

Remarks I Other Tests Good color; shrinkage a little high; high iron content; dull
surface. Potential Use: Too heavy for normal brick use. Could be mixed with a low-iron cla for color im rovement. (Absor tion data corrected and A . Por. data added by K. J. Liles, USBM, written communication, 2-16-84.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

*Based on comparison of Tyrrell's 1967 revisions of Denny's 1964 data sheets.

-116-

locn. no. Btw. 65-1 , cont. (a to g)

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203 Fe 2o3 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na 2o K20

P2os
s (total)

c (org.)

HC02o2 -
H2o+

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date - -- - ---
Method

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot 421-423, Sec.

, Dist. 17

442,445 (Robertson, 1948, p. 2).

71/2' topo quad. Wax ( SE, side) and

Lat.

Ki ngston (SW. s i de ).

Long.

------------- Field No. 1-7.

Collected by J.W. Harris.

Date 12-4-64

Sample Method - G-ra-b.-----

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

Structural Attitude ------------- ------------------------------- ------
Stratigraphic Assignment Recent (?) clays from Knox Group carbonates.

files) a bout 5 3/4 mi . north of Tavlorsville. (Also see

Compiled by Bruce J. O'Connor

Date 4-6-82

-117-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Weathered slate (Conasauga Group). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 66-1

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number ---N-o-. --1-2-1------
Lab & No. USBM 1 Tuscaloosa, Ala.; # G-8-1.

Date Reported ___1~0_-_6_-_6_6_________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity

22.8 %Working Properties Low plasticit y.

pH= 7.8 . Not ef f ervescent 1n HCl.

Color Brown.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength Low. ----~---------

Remarks Drying Defects: None.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness (Mohs ')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 Tan

2

0.0

(982)

1900 Tan

3

0.0

(1038)

2000 Light brown 4

2.5

(1093)

2100 Red brown

5

5.0

(1149)

2200 Dark brown

6

7.5

(1204)

2300 Black

7

7.5

(1260)

24.0 22.1 17.3 12.1
8.9 5.3

39.6 38.4 32.2 24.7 19.0 11.5

1.65 1. 73 1.86 2.04 2.14 2.17

Remarks stren th; oor color.

suitable for use in vitreous cl a roducts. Low green . Por. data added b K. J. Liles, USBM, wr i tten

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: _N_e~g~a_t_i_v_e_.__________

-118-

locn. no. Btw. 66-1 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) -----------

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F 1 982 6 C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P205
s (total) c (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Othe.r

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot ----- Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Fairmount (S. cntr.) Lat.

Dist. Long

Field No. ("new 2"), 121

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date c. 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many grab samples.

Weathering/alteration Weathered slate.

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) slate.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-22-82 -119-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Conasauga Group).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 66-2

County Bartow.

Sample Number --~N~o~ ~l~2~2______

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tsucaloosa, Ala.; #G-8-2.

Date ~eported 10-6-66

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell , USBM.

--~--------------

Water of Plasticity 25.7

%Working Properties

Low plasticity

pH 9.2. Slightly effervescent with HCl.

Color Gray.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0 % Dry Stren gt h --~L~o~w~ --------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 Tan

2

(982)

1900 Tan

3

(1038)

2000 Light brown 4

(1093)

2100 Red-brown

5

(1149)

2200

(1204)

0.0 0.0 2.5 10.0 Expanded

20.3 16.6 11.4
3.0

35.1 30.9 23.3
7.1

1. 73 1. 86 2.04 2.38

Remarks I Other Tests Not suitable for use in vitreous cl ay pr oducts. Low green
strength; abrupt vitrification ; poor color. (App. Por. data added by K. J . Li l es , USBM, written communication, 2-16-84.)

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-120

locn. no. Btw. 66-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 18008 F 982 6C).

Chemical &Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

Tio2

Al203
Fe 2o3
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o K2o

P205

s

(total)

c

(org.)

HCo2o2 -
H2o+

Other

volatiles

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst --------------------------Date

Method --------------------------Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2 1 topo quad. Fairmount (S. cntr.) . Lat.

Long .

Field No. ("new 3"), 122

Collected by J.W. Smith.

Da t e c . 1966 .

Sample Method Composite of many grab samples.

Weathering/alteration Fresh slate.

Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) slate.

Sample Description & Comments Flexatile Mine, 3.5 miles south of Fairmount,
0.3 mile east of U.S. Hi hwa 411. Fresh slate from active Flexatile Mine easternmost pit); also see 66-1 and 66-3 (after Smith, 1968?, unpubl. ms.).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-2-82

-121-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Phyllite (Ocoee).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 66-3

County Bartow.

Sample Number No. 123

Raw Properties:

I.ab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa , Ala.; lfG-8-3.

Date Reported ~1~0_-~6_-~6~6___________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell , USBM.

Water of Plasticity 25.0

% Working Properties LO\i p lasticit y .

pH= 7.2. Not e ff ervescent with HC l.

Color Tan.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength Low. --~-----------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 Tan

2

(982)

1900 Tan

2

(1038)

2000 Light brown 2

(1093)

2100 Red-brown

4

( 1149)

2200 Dark brown

6

(1204)

2300

(1260)

0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.5 Expanded

29.1 27.0 23.7 16.6
9.3

44.2 42.1 38.9 30.7 19.7

1. 52 1. 56 1. 64 1. 85 2.12

. Remarks I Other Tests Not suitable for use in vitreous cl az 2r oducts. Low ~ reen (A Por. data added b K. J . Li les,

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-122-

locn. no. Btw. 66-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials {following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02 Tio2
Al 2o3
Fe203

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K 2o
P2o5
s (total)

c (org.)

co
H2

o2 -

H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Fairmount (S. cntr.) . Lat.

Long

Field No. ("new 4"), 123

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date c. 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many grab samples.

Weathering/alteration Weathered phyllite.

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Ocoee Supergroup (Precambrian) phyllite.

Sample Description & Comments Flexatile Mine , 3.5 miles south of Fairmount,
0.3 mi. east of U.S. Hi ghway 411. Weathered phyllite from e xposure about

66-1 and 66-2 (after Smith, 1968?, unpubl. ms.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-29-82 -123-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, residual (Shady Dolomite). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 66-4

County Bartow.

Sample Number ____N_o_.__l_2_4______

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa , Ala.; #G-8-4.

Date Reported --~1~0_-~6_-~6~6_________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 25.3

% Working Properties ~L~o~ w ~p~l~a~s~t~i~c~i~t.Y_ ------~~-----
pH = 5. 5 . Not ef f ervescent with HCl .

Color Red.

Drying Shrinkage 2.5

% Dry Strength Low. --~~----------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness (Mobs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk dens.

gm/cc

1800 Dark tan

2

(982)

1900 Dark tan

3

(1038)

2000 Light brown 4

(1093)

2100 Dark brown

4

(1149)

2200 Dark brown

4

(1204)

2300 Dark brown

5

(1260)

5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 12.5

22.1 19.3 12.5 12.3 10.8
9.4

38.7 35.3 25.9 25.7 23.0 20.5

l. 75 1.83 2.07 2.09 2.13 2..18

Remarks / Other Tests Not suitable for use in vitreous cl a roducts. Poor color. (App. Por. data added by K. J. Liles, USBM, written communication, 2-1 6-84.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-124-

locn. no. Btw. 66-4 , cont.

- - - - - - Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F 982 6 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P205
s (total) c (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date -------
Method ------...----...------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot ---- Sec.

71/2 1 topo quad. Cartersville (SE. cntr). Lat.

Dis t. Long.

Field No.

( 11new

1 4 11 ),

124

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date c. 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many

Weathering/alteration Residual clay .

grab samples.

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Shady (Lower Cambrian) dolostone residuum (Tertiary?)

Sample Description & Comments In Cartersville, about 0.2 mile east of U.S. High-
way 41 and about 0.05 mile south of Church Street. Reddish-brown residuum from B 11 11 soil horizon from the upper working bank of the New Riverside Ocher Co. barite mine. The upper working bank is about 10 feet high and 450 ft. long, 0 . 2
mile W. and 0.05 mileS. of Btw. 66-5 (after Smith, 1968? unpubl. ms.).

Compiled by ----B-.-J....-0-1-C-o-n.n.o.r---...-----

Date 1-29-82
-~~~~-------

-125-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, residual (Shady Dolomite). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 66-5

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number No. 125
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; #G-8-5.

Date Reported ...:;;1..;.0_-..;.6_-_6..;.6_ _ _ _ _ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity _2_2_._1_______% Working Properties ~L~o...;.w~p...;.l...;.a...;.s~t~i~c...;.i...;.t~y-_____~~~~-
pH = 5.6. Not effervescent with HCl.

______ Color Red. ~~...;._

Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength --L-o-w-.--------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness (Mohs ')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk dens.

gm/cc

1800 Light brown 2

(982)

1900 Light brown 3

(1038)

2000 Red-brown

4

(1093)

2100 Red-brown

5

( 1149)

2200 Red-brown

6

(1204)

2300 Dark brown

1

(1260)

0.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 12.5 12.5

21.6 13.7
8.6 6.6 4.5 3.4

39.1 28.4 19.8 15.7 11.1
8.5

1. 81 2.07 2.30 2.38 2.47 2.51

Remarks I Other Tests Low
fire to "SW" face brick s Face brick mixtures. Ap cation, 2-16-84.

ood.) Should Potential Use:

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-126-

locn. no. Btw. 66-5 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 18006 F 982 8 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P2os
s (total) c (org.)

C02 H2oH2o+ Loss on

Ignition

Total

Not determined.
Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (SE. ctr.). Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No. ("new 15"), 125 , Collected by J.W. Smith

Date c. 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

grab samples.

Structural Attitude ---------------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Shady (Lower Cambrian) dolostone residuum (Tertiary?).

Sample Description & Comments In Cartersville, 0.4 mile east of U.S. Highway
41, adjacent to the north side of Church Street which passes through the pit. Brown residuum from the 11C11 soil horizon, 15 to 50 feet be low ground surface on the E. side of active barite pit of the New Riverside Ochre Compa ny, 0.2
mile E. and 0.05 N. of Btw. 66- 4 (after Smith, 1968?, unpubl. ms.).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-29-82

-127-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, residual (Shady Dolomite). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 66-6

County Bartow.

Sample Number No. 126

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; #G-8-6.

Date Reported ___1_0_-_6_-_6_6_________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 18.6

% Working Properties Low plasticity.

pH= 5.5. Not eff ervecent with HC l.

Color Red.

Drying Shrinkage 2.5 % Dry Strength Low. --~~~-------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk dens.

gm/cc

1800 Orange-tan

2

(982)

1900 Orange-tan

2

( 1038)

2000 Light brown 2

(1093)

2100 Brown

3

(1149)

2200 Dark brown

4

(1204)

2300 Dark brown

5

(1260)

2.5 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

20.0 17.5 14.8 14.1 13.2 12.4

35.8 32.9 29.2 28.1 26.5 25.2

1. 79 1.88 1. 97 1. 99 2.01 2.03

K. J. Liles, USBM, written communication, 2-16-84.)

at all tern eratures. App. Por. data added by

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-128-

locn. no. Btw. 66-6 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m1n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr.
to 1800 6F, 982 6C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemica 1 Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P205
s (total) c (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar. Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ----------------------
Sample Location Data:

County -B--a--r-t-o-w--.------------ Land Lot

Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Cartersville (SE. 1/4) . Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No. 126, ("new 16") , Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date c. 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many gr ab Weathering/alteration Residual clay. s amples. (Quartzite was avoided.)

Structural Attitude ----------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Shady (Lower Cambrian) dolostone residuum (Tertiary?).

Sample Description & Comments Sample from Pa ga Minin g Co. barite mine pit 1 mile SW.
of Georgi a Hwy . 293 brid ge over the Etowah River about 1 and 1/2 mi. NW of Emerson. Re sid uum conta i ns a small ercent a e o f uartz i te fra me nts wh ich were not sam led
after Smith, 19 68?, unpub l.

____ ____ Compiled by

B._J,...

O'Connor ~~~-------------

Date

1-29-82

-129-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay, residual (Conasauga).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 66-7

County Bartow.

Sample Number _N_o_._l_2_9_ _ __

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; #G-8-9.

Date Reported __1_0_-_6_-_6_6_________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 23.1

%Working Properties Low plasticity. PH= 5.7.

-----------

Not effervescent with HCI.

Color Brown.

Drying Shrinkage ___2~~5____%_. Dry Strength __L~o~w~-----------------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
Cc)

Color

Hardness (Mohs ')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk dens.

gm/cc

1800

(982) Tan

2

1900

(1038) Tan

3

2000

(1093) Brown

4

2100

(1149) Red-brown

5

2200

(1204)

2.5 5.0 15.0 17.5 Expanded

32.2 22.2
7.0 1.5

46.4 37.3 15.3
3.7

1.44 1.68 2.19 2.44

Remarks I Other Tests Abru~ t vitrification.
Not

shrinkage. Potential l'or. data added b

Preliminarl Bloating (guick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-130-

locn. no. Btw. 66-7 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr.
to l800 6F 982 6 C) .

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2 Tio2
Al 2o3 Fe203
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

KN2ao2o
P2os
s (total) c (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst Date

Method ------------------------------------Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Fairmount (S. edge) . Lat.

Long .

Field No. ("new 5") , 129 , Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date c. 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many

Weathering/alteration Residual clay .

grab samples.

Structural Attitude ------------------------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment

(Cambrian) dolostone residuum

Sample Description & Comments Roadcut is on east side of U.S. Hi ghway 411, 0.3 mi. S of railroad spur crossing wi th U.S. Highway 4 11 at Fl exat i le. Mott l ed and l aye red ye llow i sh-brown and reddish-brown dolostone res i duum with occas i onal black streaks. Roadcut i s about 400 feet long and up to 15 ft. high, about 0. 3 mi. S. of Btw. 66-1, 2 and 3 (a f ter Smith, 1968?, unpb l. ms.).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-29-82
----~--~----------
-131-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Cla .

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 66-8

--~~----------------------------

County Bartow.

Sample Number No. 130

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; #G-8-10.

Date Reported ___1~0_-~6_-_6~6_________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 30.4

% Working Properties Moderate plasticity.

pH = 5.6. Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Brown.

Drying Shrinkage 2.5

% Dry Strength Fai r. ~~~---------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data

%

Bulk dens:

gm/cc

1800 Light brown 2

(982)

1900 Light brown 3

(1038)

2000 Dark brown

4

(1093)

2100 Dark brown

5

( 1149)

2200 Dark brown

6

(1204)

2300

(1260)

2.5 7.5 15.0 17.5 17.5 Expanded

32.4 21.4 8.9
5.7 2.5

49.6 39.4 20.8 14.2
6.6

1. 53 1. 84 2.34 2.49 2.64

Remarks I Other Tests Abru t vitrification hi h
Not suitable for use i n vitreous clay products. Li les, USBM, written commun i cat i on, 2-16-84.)

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-132-

locn. no. ___6_6_-_8____, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 m~n. draw trials (following 3-4 hr.
to 1R006 F, 982 6 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

Ti02

Al203
Fe 2o3
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20

P2os
s (total) c (org.) Hco2 o2 -
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst Date

Uethod ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Rartow.

- - - - Land Lot

Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Acworth (NW. cor.)

. Lat.

Dist. Long .

Field No. 130 ("new 17") Sample Method 10' channel.

, Collected by -----------Weathering/alteration

Date ____ Residual clays.

Structural Attitude ___A~p~p~r~o~x~~-m_a~t~e~ly~~h~o~r~i~z~o~n~t_a~l~---------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent--from old settling pond for iron ore washings.

light, dark and reddish brown (after Smith, 1968?, unpubl.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 4-8-82

-133-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Cla .

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 66-9

----~----------------------------

County Bartow.

Sample Number No. 133

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; #G-8-13.

Date Reported --~1~0_-~6_-~6~6_________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 26.7 %Working Properties

High plasticity.

pH= 5.5. Not effervescent m HCl.

Color Red.

Drying Shrinkage

7.5

%Dry Strength --~H~i~g~h~--------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk dens.

gm/cc

1800 Salmon

2

(982)

1900 Salmon

3

(1038)

2000 Light brown 4

(1093)

2100 Red-brown

5

(1149)

2200 Red-brown

6

(1204)

2300

(1260)

7.5 10.0 15.0 17.5 17.5 Expanded

21.7 15.8
7. 7 2.0 0.3

37.8 30.7 17.5
5. 1 0.8

1. 74 1. 94 2.27 2.53 2.58

shrinkage.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negat iv.e.

-134-

locn. no. Btw. 66-9 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh.

Ret~ntion Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F, 982 6C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TiOz

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO .

MnO

MgO

CaD

KN2ao2
Pzo5
s (total) c (org.)

COz
Ha22oo+-
Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County -B-a-r-to--w-.----------

Land Lot

c.492 to 494

Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Wax (SE. side) and

. Lat.

Kings ton (sw. s ide ).

Dist. 17 Long .

Field No. 133, ("new 13")

Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date c.May 1966.

Sample Method Hand auger to depth of Weathering/alteration ___R~e~s~i~d~u~a~l~c~l~a~y~ --4 feet.
Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment Recent clay (settling pond- iron ore washings).

north of Taylorsville. Also see Btw. 65-1

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-29-82

-135-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Weathered phyllite (Chilhowee Gp.) Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 67-1

County Bartow.

Sample Number ___N~o~~l~5~2_______

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; #G-9-16.

Date Reported --1---1-1---6-7----------- Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ___2~0~.~2----~% Working Properties ~L~o~w~p~l~a~s~t~i~c~i~t~Y~ ------~--------
pR = 5.0. Not effervescent with HC l .

Color White.

Drying Shrinkage ___2_. _5_____% Dry Strength --~L~o~w~----------

Remarks Drying Defects: None.

Slow Firing Tests:

Color

Hardness

Linear

Absorption Appr. Por. Other data:

(Mohs ') Shrinkage, %

%

%

1800 (982) 1900 (1038) 2000 (1093) 2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260)

Light tan Light tan Light tan Beige Gray Gray

No bond No bond No bond Poor bond Poor bond Poor bond

Remarks I Other Tests Not suitable for use as the p rinci pal component in vitreous
clay products. Poor cerami c bond .

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-136-

locn. no. Btw. 67-1 , cont .

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6F 982 8 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2 Tio2 Al 2o 3 Fe 2o 3 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na 2o K20 P2os
s (total)

c (org.)

C0 2 H2oH2o+ Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Samele Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

71/2 I topo quad. Acworth (NW. cor.)

Sec.
. Lat.

Field No. 152 , ("new 18")

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Dist. Long. Date

1966.

Sample Method Composite of many grab Weathering/alteration Deeply weathered. sameles from base of roadcut.

Structural Attitude

Stratigraphic Assignment Chilhowee Grou p (Cambrian) phy llite.

f



Sample Description & Comments South of Emerson at the intersection of U.S.
Hw . 41 and Ga. H . 293, alan--~t-h-e-w--e-st--s~i~de--o~f ~U~.~S~ . -H- w~.~~ 41~.~~H-i-h-l-~-------weathered, white phyl l i te from roadcut 200 feet long , 20 feet h i gh Smith, 1968 ?, unpubl. ms.) .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-29-82
--~~~----------
-137-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 67-2

County Bartow.

Sample Number No. 154

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, # G-9-17.

Date Reported --~1_-~1~1_-~6~7_________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 25.1

%Working Properties Moderate plasticity.

pH =4.6. Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Brown.

Drying Shrinkage 5.0

% Dry Strength Fair. __;:_=;;..;...._ __ _

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness (Mohs ')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 Tan

3

(982)

1900 Tan

3

(1038)

2000 Tan

4

(1093)

2100 Light brown 4

( 1149)

2200 Red-brown

5

(1204)

2300 Dark brown 6

(1260)

5.0 5.0 7.5 10.0 10.0 12.5

26.1 25.7 18.3 14.8 12.2
7.6

41.0 40.9 32.2 27.5 23.4 15.7

1. 57 1. 59 1. 76 1. 86 1.92 2.06

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: _N_e~g~a_t_i_v_e_. _________

-138-

locn. no. Btw. 67-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2 TiOz
Al 2o3 Fe 2o3
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

KN2ao2o
P2o5
s c

(total) (org.)

HC02o2 -
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Calhoun S. (S. edge) . Lat.

Long .

Field No. ("new 1"), 154 , Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many channel samples.

Weathering/alteration Slightly weathered.

Structural Attitude Beds strike N. l8E., dip 53SE.

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments Sample is slightly weathered, reddish-yellow to brownish-yellow shale from an old, overgrown shale pit of the B.M. Hood Co. on Ga. H~.;r. 140, 0.3 mil e s west of the intersection with U.&. Hw. 41 on theN. side of Adairsville after Smith, 1968?, unpubl. ms . . Also see Btw. 31S-61.

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-29-82

-139-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 67-3

County Bartow.

Sample Number __N..o;;..;'._..;l;..5;...;5;._ __

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, # G-9-18.

Date Reported __1_-_1_1_-_6..7;._________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity ~2...;;1..;.'..;;.0_ _~% Working Properties Low plasticity. pH= 4.9. Not effervescent with HCl.

Color _..;T..a.;.~n...;._____ Drying Shrinkage __..;.2..;..~5-__% Dry Strength Low.

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 Tan

3

(982)

1900 Tan

3

(1038)

2000 Light brown 4

(1093)

2100 Brown

4

(1149)

2200

(1204)

5.0 5.0 7.5 10.0 Expanded

19.2 15.1 10.1 4.5

33.0 27.3 20.1
9.3

1.72 1. 81 1. 99 2.06

Remarks / Other Tests Poor color. Potential Use:

brick. Should fire

to "SW" face brick s pe cifications at about 2050 F

However , the 'shale

is l oade d wi t h some calcium compound and it is not suitab l e for use in ceramic

p ro du c ts so we d id not complete phys i cal tests on the bars. "

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-140-

locn. no. Btw. 67-3 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800F 982C) .
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio 2 Tio2
Al 2o3 Fe 2o3
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO Na 2o KzO

Pz05
s (total) c (org.)

COz
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (N. cntr. ). Lat.

Long.

Field No. 155, ("new 7") , Collected hy J.W. Smith.

Date 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many grab samples. Weathering/alteration Highly weathered.

Structural Attitude Strike N. l5E., dip 5l 0 SE.

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments Weathered, ellowish-brown shale from roadcut 2080 ft. long, 18 ft. high. Sample from County Road S-829 Kingston-Adairsville Road 1.6 miles S. of Ga. H~ry. 140 about l / 2 mileS . of Btw. 64-5 and about 1.1 mile N. of
Btw. 64-4 (after Smith, 1968?, unpubl. ms.) .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-29-82

-141-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 67-4

County Bartow.

Sample Number _N_o_._ l_6_1_ __ _

Raw Properties:Lab & No.

USBM, Tuscaloosa, # G-10-1.

Date Reported --~1_-~1~6_-~6~7_ _ _ _ _ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 17.7

%Working Properties Low plasticity.

pH= 6.5. Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Yellow.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0 % Dry Strength --~L~o~w~------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 (982) 1900 (1038) 2000 (1093) 2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260)

Orange-tan No bond Orange-tan No bond Orange-tan No bond Light brown Poor bond Dark brown Poor bond Dark brown Poor bond

Remarks I Other Tests Low green strength. Poor ceramic bond. Not suitable
for use as the principal component in vitreous clay products.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-142-

locn. no. Btw. 67-4 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6F '982 6 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2 Ti02 Al203
Fe 2o3
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
K20
P2o5
s c

(total) (org.)

CH02o2 -
H2o+

loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (cntr.) . Lat.

Long .

Field No. 161, ("A")

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date 1966.

Sample Method Channel sample

Weathering/alteration

through beds.

Structural Attitud e Beds strike N. 22E., dip 30SE.

Highly weathered.

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments Highly weathered, reddish-brown shale from roadcut
150 feet long, 10 feet high and located on a N-S secondary road, S of Adairs-
ville, about 0.2 mile Wof Abernethy Lake, about 0.6 mile E of the L & N RR and
about 2 miles NNE of Halls Station (after Smith, 1968? unpubl. ms.).

Compiled by --~B~~J~~O~'C~o~n~.n~o~r___________

Date 1-29-82 -143-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Clay (bauxitic ?).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 67-5

County Bartow.

Sample Number No. 162

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM 1 Tuscaloosa, #G-10-2.

Date Reported ___1_-_1_6_-_6_7_________ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 34.7

%Working Properties Low plasticity. pH= 5.3.

-----------

Not effervescent with HCl.

Color White.

---------- Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength Low. --~~---------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)
1800 (982) 1900 (1038) 2000 (1093) 2100 (1149) 2200 (1204) 2300 (1260)

Color
Pink Pink Pink Cream White Ivory

Hardness

Linear

Absorption

(Mohs ') Shrinkage, %

%

Poor bond Poor bond
2 2 3 4

2.5 2.5 2.5 5.0 10.0 15.0

32.3 29.1 17.6 10.9

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

46.5 43.9 32.4 22.7

1.44 1. 51 1. 84 2.09

Remarks I Other Tests Might be used in artware or stoneware body mixes. Potential
Use: Not suitable for use as the principal component in vitreous clay products.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-144-

locn. no. Btw. 67-5, cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)
Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C)
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not dete rmined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si0 2
Tl02
Al 2o3 Fe 2o3
FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na 2o K2o

P2os

s

(total)

c

(org.)

Hc o2o2 -
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Da ta :

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (NW. 1/4) . Lat.

Field No. 162, ("B")

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Dist. Long. Date

196 6.

Sample Method Composite of many

Weathering/alteration Residual clay.

grab sampl es f r om s tockpile.

Structural Att it ude

Stratigraphic Assignment Lower Tertiary (?) residual clay.
Sample Description & Comments White to pink kaolin from a stockpile at bauxite pit of the American Cyanamid Co r p. about 200 feet long and 50 f eet dee p. The stockp ile is being sold to Chattahoochee Brick Co., and i s about 2 mi les SW. of Ada i rsvi l le, N. of E- W. secondary road W. of Boyd Mt. , about 1.1 mi le NE. o f SnowS ri ngs and about 1 1/2 mileS. of Ga. Rw . 140 (after Smi th, 19 68?, unpubl. ms . .

Compiled by --~B~~J~~o~c~o~n.~n~o~r___________ Date -----1---2-9---8-2----------
-145-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Gp.)

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 67-6

County Bartow

Sample Number No. 163.

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, #G-10-3

Date Reported __1_-_1_6_-_6_7_ _ __ Ceramist M.E. Tyr rell, USBM.

- - - - - - Water of Plasticity 27.4

%Working Properties Low plasticity. pH= 5.9. Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Yellow.

- - - - - Drying Shrinkage 0.0 % Dry Strength Low.

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
(oC)

Color

Hardness (Mohs ')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Par. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 Orange-tan

2

0.0

(982)

1900 Orange-tan

2

0.0

(1038)

2000 Orange-tan

2

0.0

(1093)

2100 Light brown 3

2.5

(1149)

2200 Red-brown

4

7.5

(1204)

2300 Dark brown

5

7.5

(1260)

26.8 24.9 21.4 16.1 10.1
7.6

40.7 39.1 35.3 29.1 20.3 15.3

l. 52 l. 57 1. 65 1. 81 2.01 2.04

Remarks / Other Tests Good color. Potential Use: Buildi ng brick. Should fire to "HW" face brick spec i f i cat i ons at about 2150 15 F (1177 11 C) . (Might be sat i_sf acto fo r use i n the manu f acture of extruded structural cla ro ducts T rrell , 1-20-67.

Prelimina r y Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Ne gative.

-146-

locn. no. Btw. 67-6 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr.
to 1800 6 F, 982 8 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P205
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Not determined.
Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date -------

Method ------------------------Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot - - - - Sec.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (E. cntr.) . Lat.

Dist. Long.

Field No. 163, ("C")

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Date 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many grab samples.

Weathering/alteration Slightly weathered.

Structural Attitude ____C~o~n~t~o~r~t;e;d~-------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments Contorted, slightly weathered, reddish-brown shale from roadcut 400 feet long and 5 feet h igh on a N-S secondary road S of Adairsville, about 2/ 3 mile SE. of Aberneth Lake, about 3/4 mile W. of U.S. 41 and about 1.6 mile NE. of Halls Station Smith, J.W. 1 1968?, unpubl. ms . .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-29-82

-147-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group).

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 67-7

County Bartow.

Sample Number No. 164.

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, #G-10-4.

Date Reported ___1_-_1_6_-_6_7____ Ceramist M.E. Tyrre 11, USBH.

Water of Plasticity ___2_9_._2____~% Working Properties Low plasticity. pH= 6.1. Not effervescent with HCl.

Color ------------- Drying Shrinkage --~0~~0____% Dry Strength ___L~o~w_._________ Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 Orange-tan

2

0.0

(982)

1900 Orange-tan

2

0.0

(1038)

2000 Orange-tan

3

2.5

(1093)

2100 Light brown

4

5.0

(1149)

2200 Red-brown

5

7.5

(1204)

2300 Dark brown

6

7.5

(1260)

29.2 27.8 24.2 19.2 12.7 10.0

43.2 42.0 38.5 33.0 24.2 19.7

1.48 1. 51 1. 59 1.72 1. 91 1. 97

Remarks I Other Tests Good color. Potential Use:

Should fire

to "MW" face brick s ecifications at about 2200 F

see "Extrusion

Tests". Might be sati sf actory for use in the manufacture of extruded structural

clay products.

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-148-

Map Location No. Btw. 67-7, cont.

TUSCALOOSA METALLURGY RESEARCH LABORATORY

Clay Evaluation: Extrusion Tests

Sender's identification: 164-Shale (Conasauga).

Date 2-9-67

Tuscaloosa number: G-10-4

Body composition: Raw clay through 16 mesh: 100 percent.

Tempering water: 19 percent of dry batch weight.

Vacuum on machine: 22 inches of mercury.

Drying: 24 hours in air; 24 hours at 140 F (60C).

Drying shrinkage: None.

Modulus of rupture, dry unfired: 180 psi.

Firing:

TimeTemperatureCone-

24 hours. 2100 6 F (1149C). 4 over.

Total shrinkage:

7.3 percent.

Absorption, 5-hour boiled: 6.3 percent.

Absorption, 24-hour soaked: 4.1 percent.

Saturation coefficient: 0.65

Apparent porosity: 13.9 percent.

Bulk density: 2.21 gm/cc.

Fired modulus of rupture: 3770 psi.

Mohs' hardness: 8

Color: Dark red.

Comments Should meet "SW" face brick specifications as processed; excellent color.

-149-

locn. no. Btw. 67-7 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6 F, 982 6 C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

Ti02

Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P205
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst - - - - - - - - - - -- Date

Method --------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (E. cntr.) . Lat.

Long.

Field No. 164 ("D")

, Collected by J.W. Smith

Date 1966.

Sample Method Composite of many

Weathering/alteration Slightly weathered.

grab samples from base of outcrop .

Structural Attitude ~C~o~ nto~rt~ed-. -------------------------------------Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments Contorted, slightly weathered, reddish-brown shale from roadcut 400 feet lo ng and 5 feet high and located on a N-S ~-- se c onda ry road S of Ada i rsvi ll e, about 1/2 mile E of Abernethy Lake, about
o.a mi l e N of Btw. 67-6 about 1/2 mile W of U.S . 41 and about 2. 2 miles NE
of Halls Station ( a f ter Smi th, J.W., 1968?, unpubl. ms.).

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-29-82

-150-

-151-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Conasauga Group). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 67-8

County Bartow.

Sample Number No. 165.

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM , Tuscaloosa, #G-10-5.

Date Reported _ 1_-_1..6.;_-..6.;...7.;_ _ _ _ _ Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

\-later of Plasticity 27.3

%Working Properties Low plasticity.

pR = 6.1. Not effervescent with HCl.

Color Yellow.

Drying Shrinkage 0.0

% Dry Strength Low. --~~---------

Remarks No drying defects.

Slow Firin~ Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness (Mobs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 Orange-tan

2

0.0

(982)

1900 Orange-tan

2

0.0

(1038)

2000 Light brown

2

2.5

(1093)

2100 Red-brown

2

2.5

(1149)

2200 Dark brown

3

5.0

(12040)

2300 Black

4

5.0

(1260)

23.9 19.7 18.0 15.9 9.8
5.6

36.8 32.3 30.4 27.6 18.7 11.1

1. 54 1. 64 1. 69 1. 74 l. 91 1. 99

Remarks / Other Tests Good color. Potential Use: Building brick. Should fire to ''MW" face brick s ecificat ions at about 2150 6F (1177 6 C).

Preliminar y Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-152-

locn. no. Btw. 67-8 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr. to 1800 6F 982 6 C) .

Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Sio2 Ti02 Al203

Fe203 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20
K2o P2os
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. Adairsville (NE. top) . Lat.

Long.

Field No. {"E") 165

, Collected by J.W. Smith.

Sample Method Composite of many grab Weathering/alteration samples from base of outcrop .

Date --1-9-67-.
Weathered.

Structural Attitude Slightly contorted.

Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Group (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments Near Adairsville on I-75 , 0.4 mile south of Ga.
a nd Hi hwa 140 over ass. Sl i h t l con t o r t ed, weathered brown ish- ra

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date -153-

1-29-82

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Sand & Mica.

Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 67-9

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

Sample Number -----A---2-. -------
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, #G-12-2.

Date Reported 3-26-67

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

--~~~~---------

Water of Plasticity

% Working Properties ___N.,.,o_n.~..p~l.a..~.s-=t_i~c.....________o:--~-:---=---

pH = 5. 8. Not effervescent with HCl.

Color

Drying Shrinkage

% Dry Strength None.

Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness (Mobs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1800 No data (982) 1900 No data (1038) 2000 No data 0093) 2100 No data ( 1149) 2200 No data (1204)
2300 No data (1260)

Remarks / Other Tests No dry bond. This serLes was not fired. Potential Use: None (ceramic).

Preliminary Bloating (Quick Firing) Tests: Negative.

-154-

locn. no. Btw. 67-9 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size - - - - - - Retention Time
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe 2o3 FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO

Na20

K20

P205
s c

(total) (org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method

Sample Location Data:

County -~B~a~r~t~o~w~~----- Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. ----------------------- Lat.

Long.

Field No. -~A~-2-----------, Collected by J.W. Smith

Date c.l967

Sample Method Grab (?)

Weathering/alteration ---------

Structural Attitude -----------------------------------------

Stratigraphic Assignment

Sample Description & Comments Location unknown.

---------------- Compiled by __B~~J~~O~'C~o~n~n~o~r_______ Date

4-6-82

-155-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Shale (Rome Formation). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 69-1

County Bartow.

Sample Number ___B_A_R_-_1_._______

Raw Properties:

Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa , Ala.; # BAR-1.

Date Reported March 1969.

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity 14.0 % Working Properties ------------------------------
-------- Color Light gray. Drying Shrinkage 2.0 %Dry Strength
Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
( oc)

Color

Hardness (Mobs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Por. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

g/cm3

1900 Medium tan 4.0

1.2

(1038)

2000 Dark tan

4.0

1.5

(1093)

2100 Dark tan

4. 5

3.0

(1149)

2200 Dark tan

4. 5

4.0

(1204)

24.3 19.1 16. 3,

1. 53 1. 57 1. 60 1. 70

Remarks I Other Tests Results re2orted in Hollenbeck and T~rrell (1969! E 20).
Preliminar~ Bloatin~ (Quick Firin~) Tests: Ne~ative.

-156-

locn. no. Btw. 69-1 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material)

Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (foliowing 3-4 hr. to 18006F, 982 6C).
Chemical & Mineralogical Data: Not determined.

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

SiOz

TiOz

Al Fe

22oo33

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaO
Na 2o
KzO

Pzo5

s

(total)

c

(org.)

COz
H2o-
Hz0+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date -------
Method

Sample Location Data: County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. White East (NE. 1/4) . Lat.

Long .

Field No. ~B~A~R--1----------, Collected by R.P. Hollenbeck. Date c.l967.

Sample Method Channel (?).

Weathering/alteration Slightly weathered.

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Rome Formation (Cambrian).

Sample Description & Comments Sample of light gray, slightly weathered shale (about 6 feet exposed) overlain by soil. Collected from roadcut on the south side of Ga. Hi hwa 140, 2.6 miles east of intersection with U.S. Hi bwa 411
Hollenheck and Tyrrell, 1969, P 17 .

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date --1~-3~0~-8~2-------157-

CERAMIC TESTS AND ANALYSES

Material Slate (Conasauga Formation). Compilation Map Location No. Btw. 69-2

County Bartow. Raw Properties:

---------------- Sample Number BAR-2.
Lab & No. USBM, Tuscaloosa, Ala.; #BAR-2.

Date Reported March 1969.

Ceramist M.E. Tyrrell, USBM.

Water of Plasticity --1-3-.0-----% Working Properties
Color Light gray. Drying Shrinkage ----0-.0-----%Dry Strength ----------------
Slow Firing Tests:

Temp. OF
Cc)

Color

Hardness (Mohs')

Linear

Absorption

Shrinkage, %

%

Appr. Par. Other data:

%

Bulk Dens.

gm/cc

1900 Medium tan

5. 5

0.0

(1038)

2000 Medium tan

5.5

0.0

(1093)

2100 Dark tan

5.5

0.0

(1149)

2200 Dark tan

6.5

1.0

(1204)

12.6 12.2
10.4

Remarks / Other Tests Results reEorted in Hollenbeck and Tzrre 11 (1959! E 20).

Preliminar~ Bloat in~ (Quick Firins) Tests:

Negative.

-158-

loco. no. Btw. 69-2 , cont.

Crushing Characteristics (unfired material) Particle Size -20 mesh. Retention Time 15 min. draw trials (following 3-4 hr.
to 18006F, 982 6C).

Chemical & Mineralogical Data:

Chemical Analysis

Oxide

Weight %

Si02

Ti02

Al203

Fe203

FeO

MnO

MgO

CaD

Na20

K20

P203

s

(total)

c

(org.)

C02
H2o-
H2o+

Loss on

Ignition

Total

Not determined.
Mineralogy Mineral
Quartz Feldspar Carbonate Mica Chlorite-
vermiculite Montmorillonite Others
Total

volume %

Analyst

Date

Method ---------------------------
Sample Location Data:

County Bartow.

Land Lot

Sec.

Dist.

71/2' topo quad. White East (NW 1/4) . Lat.

Long

Field

No.

BAR-2

,

--~~~----------

Collected by R.P.

Hollenbeck.

Date c. 1967.

Sample Method Channel (?)

Weathering/alteration Fairly fresh.

Structural Attitude -------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphic Assignment Conasauga Formation (Cambrian) shale.

Sample Description & Comments Sample of light gray slate (about 40 feet ex-

exposed) overlain by soil; collected from lower 6 feet of roadcut on east side

of U.S. Hi hwa 411, at intersection of

140 - NW of BAR-1

Compiled by B.J. O'Connor

Date 1-30-82 -159-

DATA SOURCES AND REFERENCES CITED
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1974 Annual Book of ASTM Standards: C4-62 (Reapproved 1970) Standard specification for clay drain tile, Part 16, p. 1-7. Cl3-69 (Replaced by C700-74) Specifications for standard strength clay sewer pipe, Part 16, p. 409-413. C24-72 Pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) of refractory materials, Part 17, p. 9-14. C27-70 Classification of fireclay and high-alumina refractory brick, Part 17, p. 15-17. C43-70 Standard definitions of terms relating to structural clay products, Part 16, p. 33-35. C62-69 Standard specification for building brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale), Part 16, p. 121-125. C216-71 Standard specification for facing brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale), Part 16, p. 121-125. C410-60 (Reapproved 1972) Standard specification for industrial floor brick, Part 115, p. 217-218. C479-72 Standard specification for vitrified clay liner plates, Part 16, p. 283-284. C330-69 Specification for lightweight aggregates for structural concrete, Part 14, p. 229-232. C315-56 (Reapproved 1972) Standard specification for clay flue linings, Part 16, p. 169-171.
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1974 Annual Book of ASTM Standards: Part 16, Chemical-resistant nonmetallic materials; clay and concrete pipe and tile; masonry mortars and units; asbestos-cement products.
Bentley, R. D., 1964, A Geologic Evaluation of the Red Mountain Shales in the Vicinity of Kensington, Georgia: Department of Mines, Mining and Geology, unpublished manuscript, 19 p.
Bentley, R. D., and others, 1966, The Cartersville Fault Problem: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Guidebook 4, 38 P
Butts, C., and Gildersleeve, B., 1948, Geology and Mineral Resources of the Paleozoic Area in Northwest Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Bulletin 54, 176 p.
Chowns, T. M., editor, 1972, Sedimentary Environments in the Paleozoic Rocks of Northwest Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Guidebook 11, 102 p.
_____, editor, 1977, Stratigraphy and Economic Geology of Cambrian and Ordovician Rocks in Bartow and Polk Counties, Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Guidebook 17, 21 p.
-160-

Clews, F. H., 1969, Heavy Clay Technology: 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 481 p.

Cressler, C. W., 1963, Geology and Ground-water Resources of Catoosa County, Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Information Circular 28, 19 p.

, 1964a, Geology and Ground-water Resources of the Paleozoic Rock ----~- Area, Chattooga County, Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines
Mining and Geology Information Circular 27, 14 p.

, 1964b, Geology and Ground-water Resources of Walker County, Ge ------~ orgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology
Information Circular 29, 15 p.

--

-

-

-C,

1970, Geology and ounties, Georgia:

Ground-water Resources of Floyd and Georgia Department of Mines, Mining

Polk and

Geology Information Circular 39, 95 p.

-

--

-

-a, nd19M74u,rrGayeoClooguyntaineds

,

Ground-water Resources of Gordon, Whitfi Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey

el

d

Information Circular 47, 56 p.

Cressler, C. W., Franklin, M.A., and Hester, W. G., 1976, Availability of Water Supplies in Northwest Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 91, 140 p.

Cressler, C. W., Blanchard, H. E., Jr., and Hester, W. G., 1979, Geohydrology of Bartow, Cherokee, and Forsyth Counties, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular SO, 45 p.

Croft, M. G., 1963, Geology and Ground-water Resources of Bartow County, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1619-FF, 32 p.

Georgia Geological Survey, 1976, Geologic Map of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000.

Grimshaw, R. W., 1972, The Chemistry and Physics of Clays and Other Ceramic Raw Materials: 4th ed., rev., Wiley-Interscience, New York, N.Y., 1024 p.

Hansard, W. C., Lewis, J. S., Jr., and Johnson, S. B., 1934, A preliminary survey of certain minerals of North Georgia for the Tennessee Valley Authority in conjunction with the Geological Survey of Georgia: T.V.A. - C.W.A. Geological Project #1601 Georgia, unpublished manuscript, 45 p.

Hollenbeck, R. P., and Tyrrell, M. E., 1969, Raw materials for lightweight aggregate in Appalachian Region, Alabama and Georgia: U.S. Bureau of Mines RI-7244, 21 p.

-161-

Jones, T. J., and Beard, M. T., 1972, Ceramics: Industrial Processing and Testing: Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 213 p.
Kesler, T. L., 1950, Geology and Mineral Depostis of the Cartersville District, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 224, 97 p.
Kline, S. W. and O'Connor, B. J., editors, 1981, Mining Directory of Georgia, 18th. ed.: Georgia Geologic Survey Circular 2, 49 p.
Klinefelter, T. A., and Hamlin, H. P., 1957, Syllabus of Clay Testing: U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 565, 67 p.
Liles, K. J., and Heystek, H., 1977, The Bureau of Mines Test Program for Clay and Ceramic Raw Materials: U.S. Bureau of Mines IC-8729, 28 p.
Norton, F. H., 1942, Refractories: 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y., 798 p.
O'Neill, B. J., Jr., and Barnes, J. H., 1979, Properties and Uses of Shales and Clays, Southwestern Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Mineral Resources Report 77, 689 p.
, 1981, Properties and Uses Shales and Clays, South-central ----P~ennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Mineral Resource
Report 79, 201 p.
Patterson, S. H., and Murray, H. H., 1983, Clays: in Lefond, S. J., and others, eds., Industrial Minerals and Rock;; 5th ed., American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., New York, p. 585-651.
Robertson, A. F., 1948, Georgia Iron Deposits, Cherokee, Bartow, Floyd, and Polk Counties, Part 2: U.S. Bureau of Mines RI-4179, 42 p.
Shearer, H. K., 1918, Report on the Slate Deposits of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 34, 188 p.
Smith, J. W., 1959, Geology of an Area along the Cartersville Fault near Fairmount, Georgia: Unpublished M.S. Thesis, Emory Univ., 41 p.
----~~' 1960, Geology of an Area along the Cartersville Fault near Fairmount, Georgia: Georgia Mineral Newsletter, vol. 13, p. 107.
Smith, J. W., 1968?, Tests for clay products in Northwest Georgia; unpublished manuscript, 47 p. (brief summary in: 1967 Annual Report of the Department of Mines, Mining, an~Geology, 1968, p. 17-19).
Smith, R. W., 1931, Shales and Brick Clays of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin, 45, 348 p.
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Spalvins, K., 1969, Stratigraphy of the Conasauga Group in the Vicinity of Adairsville, Georgia: Georgia Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Bulletin 80, p. 37-55.
Spencer, J. W., 1893, The Paleozoic Group; The Geology of Ten Counties of Northwestern Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey, 406 p.
Tadkod, M.A., 1980, Study of Shales from Northwest Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey, unpublished manuscript., 10 p.
Veatch, 0., 1909, Second Report on the Clay Deposits of Georgia: Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin 18, 453 p.
Watson, T. L., 1904, A Preliminary Report on the Bauxite Deposits of Georgia: Georgia Survey Bulletin 11, 169 p.
White, W. S., and Denson, N. M., 1966, Bauxite Deposits of Northwest Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1199-M, 42 p.
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85" 00'

84" 55'

- - - - - GORDON COUNTY

--,

-,- __1_
PAULDING COUNTY

Georgia Geologic Survey Information Circular 64 Plate 1

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-I t--

CLAY, SHALE, AND SLATE TEST LOCATIONS IN BARTOW COUNTY

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I)-

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Io~

EXPLANATION

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1.a6:

61-2 Numbers correspond to the "Map Location No." in text.

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I

Exact location for a single outcrop

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sampled.

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(:> Approximate location for a single

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sample.

([!) Several samples collected over the
enclosed area. Boundary dashed where approximate.

Streams and lakes

Highways and major roads

Minor roads

84" 40'

34 10'

Location Numbers:

Btw. 09V- 1 to 09V-4 Btw. 31S-61a to 318-75 Btw. 46-1 to 46-4 Btw. 57- 1 to 57-3 Btw. 59- 1 Btw. 61- 1a to 61-2 Btw. 64- 1 to 64-7 Btw. 65- 1a to 65-1g Btw. 66-1 to 66-9 Btw. 67-1 to 67-9 Btw. 69-1 to 69-2

34 05'

Not shown (location unknown):

Btw. 64-6 Btw. 67-9

SCALE 0

2 MILES

Modified after the 1979 General High way Map of Bart ow County, Georgia Dept. of Transport ation