A Geochemical Atlas of Georgia
by George S. Koch, Jr.

Cartographers L. Jeane Smith Kathryn M. Paulson

Publications Coordinator Patricia Allgood

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
J. Leonard Ledbetter, Commissioner
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION Harold F. Reheis, Assistant Director GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY
William H. Mclemore, State Geologist
Atlanta
1988
Geologic Atlas 3
The Department of Natural Resources is an equal opportunity employer and employs without regard to race or color, sex, religion, or national origin .

A GEOCHEMICAL ATLAS OF GEORGIA by George S. Koch, Jr.
LIST OF PLATES Note: Except where indicated, the plates show 100 percent of the points sampled for a particular variable.
1. NURE stream-sediment sample location of all points.
2. NURE stream-sediment supplementary data sample location of all points
3. AI (aluminum) 4. Au (gold) 5. Ba (barium) 6. Ce (cerium) 7. Co (cobalt) 8. Conductivity 9. Cr (chromium)
10. Cu (copper)
11. Cu (highest 10 percent of observations) 12. Dy (dysprosium) 13. Eu (europium) 14. Fe (iron) 15. Hf (hafnium)
16. K (potassium)
17. La (lanthanum) 18. Li (lithium) 19. Lu (lutetium) 20. Mg (magnesium) 21. Mn (manganese) 22. Na (sodium) 23. Nb (niobium) 24. Ni (nickel) 25. Ni (highest 10 percent of observations) 26. P (phosphorus) 27. Pb (lead)/ (highest 10 percent of observations) 28. pH 29. Sc (scandium) 30. Sm (samarium) 31. Sn (tin) 32. Sr (strontium) 33. Th (thorium) 34. Ti (titanium) 35. U (uranium) 36. U (highest 10 percent of observations) 37. V (vanadium) 38. W (tungsten) 39. Y (yttrium) 40. Yb (ytterbium) 41 . Zn (zinc)
42. Zn (highest 10 percent of observations)
INTRODUCTION
This atlas is a set of maps that show concentrations of chemical elements in stream-sediment samples collected in north and central Gerogia. Analyses of stream-sediment samples represent the relative abundances of chemical elements in stream drainage basins, and therefore the maps are believed to portray regional concentrations of chemical elements. The original data were obtained by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in its National Uranium Resources Evaluation (NURE) program; the elements were selected for their relation to program objectives.
The atlas maps are on a scale of 1:1 ,785,000 so that they can be used with the Geological Highway Map of the Southeastern Region (Bennison, 1975), Four different concentration groups are represented by different symbols. There are two kinds of maps; the first shows element concentrations at all of the sample points; the second shows the highest 10 percent of the points.

Seventeen elements, as well as pH and conductivity, were analyzed for the 6.038 samples sites plotted on plate 1. Fifteen additional elements were analyzed for the 2,949 of the original sites plotted on plate 2. Table 1 identifies the elements. Two hundred sixtysix samples were also analyzed for gold. Analyses were performed for four additional elements (including silver, arsenic, beryllium, and molybdenum) but are not included in the set of plates because of data quality.
Table 1, an alphabetical list of the elements, shows that the number of observations (number of reported analyses) is generally less than the number of sites, as is usual in regional geochemical surveys made using rapid, routine analytical methods. Also, for some elements, only a few observations are above the detection limit, because their analyses were done only incidentally to analyses for other elements. Besides the element means (arithmetic averages), the table lists the standard deviation (the usual measure of variability), the coefficient of variation (a measure of relative variability), and the crustal abundances of the elements. The table also lists two other variables, pH and conductivity.
THE DATA BASE Between 1973 and 1979, DOE conducted the
NURE program in all of the United States except Hawaii; the purpose was to evaluate uranium resources and to locate places favorable for uranium exploration. In the Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) phase of the program, stream sediments, ground water, and surface water were sampled . About two-thirds of the United States and about the same proportion of Georgia were sampled before the program wasterminated. Four national laboratories conducted the HSSR program ; the Savannah River Laboratory at Aiken, South Carolina conducted the Georgia program. Fay and others (1981) report the Georgia results in a publication that consists of a brief text and a microfiche listing of the field and analytical data. These data are also available on magnetic tape for computer processing. (The data were originally organized in two-degree quadrangles of the National Topographic Map Series; Fay and others [1981, p. 44] list the quadrangle names and original report numbers.)
Sampling was done by established explorationgeochemical procedures as explained in standard texts (for example, Rose, Hawkes, and Webb [1979, p. 431-454 ]); Fay and others (1981, p. 20) provide details. The Savannah River Laboratory prepared the samples and analyzed the original group of elements by automated neutron activation analysis. Contractors analyzed the supplemental elements by atomic absorption or other methods (Fay and others, 1981, p. 24-27). The results of the gold analyses, done later by neutron activation analysis, were reported separately by Fay and Cook (1982).
Some limitations of the data need to be explained. The survey objectives dictated broad coverage of a large area and a large number of variables; the data base for this report contains about 160,000 analyses at some 6000 sites. The sampling was done by trained workers but most were not professional geologists; the analytical work was done by automated procedures that changed over time. Program objectives emphasized overall coverage rather than individual sample points; therefore, the data provide reliable general patterns but only in some places identify particular geochemical phenomena. For instance, most high uranium values (plate 35) repre-

sent high concentrations of uranium-bearing minerals, but some may represent contamination . In addition , some high concentrations of uranium may not have yielded high values because of problems in sampling, sample preparation, analysis, or reporting. Fay and others (1981, p. 15, 20) explain some of these factors.
THE ATLAS MAPS The maps are reproduced from computer-gener-
ated output made at the University of Georgia using a Cyber 750 computer and a Versatec electrostatic plotter. The computer program provides a Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The scale, map area, variable plotted, concentration boundaries and intervals, and pen colors (for plotters with color capability) can be specified by the map maker. Data lists and frequency distributions have been placed on open file (Koch, 1984).
The maps in this atlas are point maps. Each sample site is represented by a symbol, corresponding to a percentile class of 25 if all observations are plotted
or 2.5 if 10 percent of them are plotted (for a few
elements with many values at or near the detection limit, other intervals were used). An alternative type of map is a smoothed map in which the data are averaged in order to reduce local variability. Howarth and others (1980) compare the two kinds of maps and provide some illustrations of smoothed maps for part of northern Georgia.
USES OF THE ATLAS Regional exploration geochemical data of the type
presented in this atlas are often used for mineral exploration. In this work, sites with elemental concentrations sufficiently higher than average concentrations ("background") for an area or for a rock type are designated as "anomalous," and may indicate areas of mineralization. Generally, follow-up detailed geochemical sampling or other work is done to evaluate such areas. Different backgrounds are usually found in rock units with distinctive lithologies; Howarth and others (1980, p. 345) provide data for geologic provinces in Georgia.Sometimes the commodity of interest is sampled directly, for instance gold (plate 4); sometimes other elements termed "pathfinders" that are associated with the commodity of interest are sampled, for instance manganese for base-metal veins (Rose, Hawkes, and Webb, 1979,
p. 28, 76).
Another use of exploration geochemical data is to identify areas with either favorable or unfavorable conditions for agriculture. Many trace elements including cobalt, copper, chromium , iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc - must be present in soils within narrow limits for optimum agriculture. For instance, one area near Raytown, Georgia (the $hiloh Church molybdenum deposit) contains molybdenum in concentrations harmful to cattle (Murphy, 1982).
A similar use is to identify areas with trace element geochemistry favorable or unfavorable for human health, so that diets can be supplemented in unfavorable areas. For instance, it has been postulated that the well-known contrast in cardiovascular disease between northern and southern Georgia is due to trace element geochemistry (Shacklette and others, 1970).
Still another use of exploration geochemical data is to provide a baseline from which to appraise pollution at the time of the survey and to measure changes in trace elements in the environment through time.

2

Table 1. Stream-sediment geochemical data for Georgia. Group 1 is the original data set; Group 2 is the supplementary data set.

Group Variable

No. of Samples

DL

Mean Std. Coef. Crustal

Total

DL

Dev. of Var. Abund.

AI

pet

5713

5713

3.25

2.49 0.77

8.1

1

Au

ppm

266

266

0.72

1.86 2.58

.003

2

Ba

ppm

1073

1005

5.

66.8

95.0

1.42 580.

1

Ce

ppm

5786

5219 20.

295.4 591.5

2.00

81 .

2

Co

ppm

2775

1557

5.

6.22

5.66 0.91

25 .

Con d.

5902

5902

67.52 489.13 7.24

2

Cr

ppm

2752

636

5.

4.58

5.99 1.31 100.

2

Cu

ppm

2949

1579

5.

6.33

6.10 0.96

50 .

Dy

ppm

4632

4632

17.22 28.26 1.64

Eu

ppm

4652

2149

1.

2.70

4.87 1.80

Fe

pet

5791

5448

0.5

2.88

3.18 1.10

4.65

1

Hf

ppm

5830

5830

68.15 113.19 1.66

3.

2

K

ppm

2756

2677

0.1

1.17

0.90 0.77 250.00

1

La

ppm

5590

5590

163.23 324.51 1.99

25.

2

Li

ppm

2929

1977

5.

7.5

6.4

0.85

30.

1

Lu

ppm

5975

5105

0.3

1.41

2.03 1.44

2

Mg

pet

2756

2722

0.02

0.18

0.12 0.68

1.7

1

Mn

ppm

5542

5542

782.3 1058.7

1.35 1000.

1

Na

ppm

5368

5368

0.39

0.59 1.53 300.

2

Nb

ppm

2933

1295 20.

23.16 24.95 1.08

20.

2

Ni

ppm

2949

1557

5.

6.41

5.88 0.92

75.

2

p

ppm

2918

2918

666.8 638.9

0.96 900.

1

pH

5902

5902

6.73

0.76 0.11

Se

ppm

5876

5876

7.19

6.96 0.97

13.

1

Sm

ppm

5554

5554

28.97 97.16 3.35

2

Sn

ppm

2935

1632

5.

9.11 10.85 1.19

2.

2

Sr

ppm

1858

371

50 .

37.1

32.5

0.88 300.

1

Th

ppm

5778

5778

56.62 112.59 1.99

1 0.

1

Ti

ppm

5338

5338

9626.6 9170.0

0.95 4400.

1

u

ppm

5851

5851

11.62 17.59 1.51

2.5

1

v

ppm

5646

5646

64.90 75.69 1.17 150.

2

w

ppm

2911

334

2.

1.34

1.65 1.23

1.

2

y

ppm

2760

2760

42.1

61.4

1.46

1

Yb

ppm

4367

4367

11.78 15.32 1.30

2

Zn

ppm

2949

2838

5.

26.28 25.63 0.98

80.

* DL is detection limit; Cond. is conductivity in mmho/cm; Std. Dev. is standard deviation; Coef of Var is coefficient of variation; Crustal abund is crustal abundance. Crustal abundance data from Rose and others (1979, p. 30) .

REFERENCES Note: The Department of Energy reports are
available on microfiche from the Bendix Field Engineering Corporation, Box 1569, Grand Junction, Colorado 81502, where they are cataloged under their GJBX numbers. Bennison, A.P., 1975, Geological highway map of the
southeastern region: Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Fay, W.M ., Sargent, K.A., and Cook, J.R., 1981, Data report: Alabama and Georgia: Aiken, S.C.,Savannah River Laboratory, Rpt. DSPT-81-146-21, 44 p. plus microfiche. (Department of Energy report GJBX-403(81 )) Fay, W.M. and Cook, J.R., 1982, Gold analyses by neutron activation from SRL NURE samples: Aiken, S.C., Savannah River Laboratory, Rpt. DPST-81 -141 -38, 46 p. (Department of Energy report GJBX-135(82)) Howarth, R.J., Koch, G.S., JR., Chork, C.Y., Carpenter, R.H., and Schuenemeyer, J.H., 1980, Statistical map analysis techniques applied to regional distribution of uranium in stream sediment samples from the southeastern United States for the National Uranium Evaluation Program: Mathematical Geology, v. 12, p. 339-366. Koch, G.S., Jr., Howarth, R.J., Carpenter, R.C., and Schuenemeyer, J H, 1979, Development of data enhancement and display techniques for streamsediment data collected in the National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program of the United States Department of Energy: Grand Junction, Colorado, U.S. Department of Energy, Rpt. GJBX28(80), 223 PKoch, G.S., Jr.. 1984, Data lists and frequency distributions for NURE stream-sediment data from Georgia: Open file report available for inspection at the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, and the University of Georgia, Department of Geology, Athens . Murphy, S H., 1982, The geochemistry of molybdenum in the environment at Raytown. Georgia: University of Georgia, unpublished M.S. thesis, 115 p. Rose. A.W., Hawkes, H.E., and Webb, J.S.. 1979, Geochemistry in mineral exploration New York. Academic Press. 657 p.
Shacklette, H.T, Sauer. HI.. and Miesch. AT.. 1970.
Geochemical environments and cardiovascular rnortality rates in Georgia U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 575-C.

PLATE 1
NURE
Stream sediment Sample location
of all points

' I

~XX X X

\

X

I (
}

I
"'

31 -0 ~--------------------------~~--------------------------4----------------------------+----------~~~~

I

' l

' - - - -~~--

---------- -------7

__, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 6092

)

Symbo l
*
+
y

PPM

Percent of data
25 .0 25.0 25.0 2 5.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 2
NURE
Stream sediment Supplementary data
Sample location of all points

\

I (
}
I
""

__ -- l \.

__ ,__, ---------- -------,

, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2949

) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM

Percent of data 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 3
AI (Aluminum)

I I I
''\ I (
}
I

,

__ _ 'l\.--------- ------------ ---,_,_

, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5713

-7
) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PCT 34 .64 - 4.49
4.49 - 2.80 2.80- 1.36 < 1.36

Percent of data
25 .0 25 .0 25.0 25.0

II + I

y 1,' l, r

II y I y

I

I

y I Yl I I

I'
I

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 4

y

+
I

* y
y

y rt-

I

+ + +

ly

+
yY * *** *

\

y

y

'\ + *

I
*

+
*

'\ I

* y y

+

\,.v I

'

y

' y
\

33

'lv

y
y y

~
" y
\

*

+

'Y

y

I *

*y

y

* r 11

I I
)
*

+

32

+ +

I

{

' l
\ I
I
}

I

y

""

Au (Gold)

* + *+ * ****

\ \
++ ~
\ ....
y
+

\.
* y,,

\ \

y .\. , 82

y

+

y

* + r*

* *

*

+

+ +

+

ly
*

* *

*

*
**

'c.

'

t '

...

y

I

\

y y

~\

I I

y

y

y

I I y

+

y

I t
y y

__ ___ l\.

- ...

-------- , -- --------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 266

) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
18.14 - 0.27 0.27 - 0.08 0.08 - 0.04 < 0.04

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

, f
', 83
\ \
~ ' "

PLATE 5
Ba (Barium)

~,
\

"-, 82
I
\
~\

' I
\ I
I
~
I

3 1~ . --------------~--------------~--------------~----~~

\

------ ------ , l \.--

-- -------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 1073

) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
748 - 78 78- 27 27 - 10
< 10

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 6
Ce (Cerium)

''\ I (
~
I

I

'

t\a

----~--

------------- -------7

__, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5786

)

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM 9700- 279
27 9 - 104 104 - 48 < 48

Percent of data 2 5.0 25.0 25 .0 2 5.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 7
Co (Cobalt)

I
\
~\
\

' l
\ I (
}
I

31-0 ~'---------------------+--------------------~----------------------+-------~~~
l __\. -------- ---------- -------7 1__, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2775

Symbo l
*
+
y

PPM 113.0 - 8.0
8.0 - 5.0 5.0 - 2.5 < 2.5

Percent of data 25 .0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 8
Conductivity

' \ I (
}
I

I
'l,_ _______
------------

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES:

Symbo l
*
+ y

~mho/em 32,000 - 61
61 - 42 42 - 30 < 30

Percent of data 25.0 25.0 25.0 25 .0

1:1,785,000

PLATE 9
Cr (Chromium)

I
\
~\

I (
~
I

l __ 31- rI----------------~----------------+-----------------~----~~~ ' \..
--~-- ---------

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2752

Sy m bo l

PPM 214- 5 < 5

Percent of data
77.0 23.0

)__{

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 10
Cu (Copper)

\
~\
\

' I
\ I (
}
I

31-0~------------------------+------------------------4------------------------~--------~~~ I \

_______ _ l\. - -----~--

....

----------7
1__, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2949

Sy mbol
*
+
y

PP M 155- 8
8- 5 5-3 S3

Percent of data 25 .0 25.0 25 .0 25 .0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

35
l
' \ ' ' \ ' ' \
' l
34

85

y

+

y y

*

+

\

'\ y

*I I **

''\' * y ' ' \

+
** *
*I'
y
+

33

' l

~

" \

* y
+
+

84

* +t +
+ Yt" ++

I ., , (

~+

T JIi'

t1r.r
y

IJ

+

,

\I y

+'I'-

*

~

y

y

"'" ' \83

II I

\

y

+

\

+

y

+ 7~

y

y

~

*

* ''

y+ *

+

*+

4-

y
* +

+

y

+

ly y *

J * * y

+

I

~'I

+

t

*

+
*

y lf y

*

PLATE 11

Cu (Highest 10 percent
of observations)

'""

+

\

\

~ , 82

I
\
~\
I
''\
' )

I (
}
I

t __ '--- - ... ,__

------- -~-------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2949 .

1__,

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM 155 - 26 26- 20 20- 18
18 16

Percent of data 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 12

I (
}
I

31 ~ I-------------------+------------------~------------------~------~~~

\

t
- - - - - \ . - -

---------- ---------7 I

I__{ TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 4632

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM 441 - 18
18 - 8 8- 4 <4

Percent of data 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 13
Eu (Europium)

''\ I I
}
I

31 -0~--------------------------4---------------------------~-------------------------4----------~~~ I

\

t '

-

-

-

------

---------

-------,

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 4652

I__I

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
74.9-3.1 3.1 - 0.9 0.9 - 0.5
.:S_0.5

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25 1:1,785,000

50 MILES

PLATE 14
Fe (Iron)

I (
}
I

I
___ l' \.. __ _ ---~-- ----------- ---._

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5791

-7
I__I

Symbol
*
+
y

PCT
45.92 - 3.50 3. 50 - 2.12 2.12 - 1.14
< 1.14

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 15
Hf (Hafnium)

' I
' I
(
}
I

I
\
t
\.--------

---------

--------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5830

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
4806 - 74 74- 40 40 - 21
..:S.21

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

T

* * * * +

\y++

Y + y

Y+Y:(
y

I I I

+I I I

*+

y

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 16
K (Potassium)

I
\
~\
\

' I
\ I (
}
I

I

__t' \..

----- ------------ --------7

, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2756

) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
16.0 - 1.6 1.6 - 1.0 1.0 - 0.5
<0.5

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 17
La (Lanthanum)

' I
\ I
I
}
I

31 -o ir-------------------------+------------------------~--------------------------~--------~~~

' l
------ 1__, '---

----------- -----------7
TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5590

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM 5306 - 158
158 - 56 56- 26 <26

Percent of data 25.0 2 5. 0 2 5.0 2 5.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 18
Li (Lithium)

I
\
~\
\

I (
}
I

31-0 1--------------------4--------------------~------------------~~------~~~ I __l' \. ------- ----------- ----------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2929

)__{

Sy m bol
"'
+
y

PPM
150.0 - 10.0 10.0 - 5.0 5.0 - 2.6 <2.6

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785, 000

PLATE 1 9
Lu (Lutetium)

''\ I (
}
I

31-eir-----------------------+----------------------~------------------------~------~~~L

I

\

t '

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--------

-----------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5795

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
45.9 - 1.6 1.6 - 0.8 0.8 - 0.4
<0.4

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 20

' ' \

Mg (Magnesium)

' ' \

I
\
~\
'"I '~

' I
\ I
; (
I

'\

l\. ----------- __ _ --~------

- ....----.

-7

__, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2756

)

Symbol
*
+
y

PCT
2.60 - 0.23 0.23 - 0.16 0.16 - 0.10 <0.10

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 21
Mn (Manganese)

yI I

f I I

1 II

' I

I I Yl Y I

\

yl I

I (
}

I

31-0~--------------------~--------------------+---------------------+-------~~~

'

-.__ tl. --------

------------ -------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5542

)__{

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM 20,300 - 960
960 - 490_ 490 - 200 <200

Percent of data 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 2 2
Na (Sodium)

,,I

y

I

I
r I

II

II

I I

II I ~~ I

' I
\ I (
~
I

I II I

yYI
y II

y I I I
Y1 I I I 1 y III I
I

31-0 ~---------------------+----------------------~--------------------4-------~~~ I

'l\.---... ____ _ ------------ -------,

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5386

) __ {

Sy m bo l
*
+
y

PPM
9.68 - 0.51 0.51 - 0.14 0.14 - 0.03 <0.03

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

'\~5oT'--~--~--~~f-------~----~------~~~~~~--~~~~~~
' ' \ ' ' \

PLATE 23
Nb (Niobium)

I
'~\
\

''\ I
; (
I

31 ~0~------------------------+-----------------------~------------------------~--------~~~ I ' l \.-------- ------------~---......__7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 29~

)__{

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
300 - 30 30- 15 15 - 10
<10

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25 1:1,785,000

50 MILES

PLATE 2 4
Ni (Nickel)

I
\
~\
\

' l
'\ I (
}
I

31-0 ~------------------------~-----------------------+------------------------~--------~~~

t

'

l\.------...__ -------------------7

, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2949

) __

Symbol
..
+
y

PPM
80 - 8 8- 5 5- 3
-=S_3

Percent of data
25 .0 25.0 2 5.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

15

~5 0

' ' \

' ' \

+

' ' \

*+ +

-\

* +

' \
' '

+ ""

\y *

'

' \

y

33

' l

y

~

" \

I y I

y I

PLATE 2 5

I
' "' \ \
~ \
+ I'

Ni (Highest 10 percent
of observations)

+
y I

"" * * *

"
\ \

y

+

" - ,82

*

+

+ * yl

*

y
y +

* y*~" +

+

y
*

*

' I
'\ I (
)
I

31~ . -------------r------------~-------------1----~~
'

l __\..

----- -------

- - - -------- , TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2949

-7
) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM 80 - 25 25 - 20
20 - 18 18 - 15

Percent of data 2 .5 2 .5 2.5 2.5

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

~To'-------1 -1I1-~!-1111[-118-5/~01I1IF1I-------~~----------~~~~~------~~~~

l

1 '' /Ill/ II /Ill

I

I I

I Ill

I

I p I I

\
' \

'I p 111111 I I

\

' ' \

I IIIll

PLATE 2 6
P (Phosphorus)

I
\
~\

\

y y + yY y

y

I (
)
I

31~0 ~------------------~--------------------~--------------------~------~jr~

t ___ I
'

\.

.... . _ __ _

----------- -------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2918

) __ {

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
11,000 - 800 800 - 500 500 - 300
_:S__300

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

'5 0
' ' \

*,.. 85 I +t + Y1 I

' ' \

' ' \

\
' \
''\ +

y
;.Y
-t1 +
I y I
y +
++

I

I

y

PLATE 27

y +
* II
y +-+j
+

+
ly I I

IfyI .,, ( ,

I

II

I*

y

y

"'' '\, 83

\

\

+

y

~

* y

y I 'I*

' +
ly

I'

Pb (Lead) (Highest 10 percent
of observations)

+

+

t y

t' I+++*++-y

-+ty

+
I

*t- II
* * y I
y+
* y
II

+
y

y Iy I

I

+

+ II I + I'~" y y

I y

+ y

*y +
y

+ "
/ "'
*y "4- y \
\
\_ ,82

+
* lH

y

y

+

*

*

,.,
't " ....

\

''\ I
; (
I

I
\,

, ll.-------.__ ---------- ----------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2949

) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
600- 30 30- 22 22- 18 18 - 17

Percent of data 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 2 8
pH

I II

I

I

' I

I II I

1I I I 11

+I
II I I I

\

I (
}

I

31 ~0 ~--------------------~--------------------+---------------------+-------~~~

I

__ _ 'l\.----- .... ---------- -------,

....... ~ ... ...

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5902

) __ {

Symbol
*
+
y

pH
10.9 - 7.1 7.1-6.8 6.8 - 6.4 6.4-3.6

Percent of data 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 2 9
Sc (Scandium)

y

II I I y

' '

hi I y I I Yl I I
I I

' I
(

I

}

I

31-0 ~---------------------+--------------------~----------------------+-------~~~ I '\ l,_ __ ... -~- ,__, ----------- -------7
TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5876

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
99.5- 8.9 8.9 - 5.3 5.3 - 3.0
.:5_3.0

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 30
Sm (Samarium)

I Iy
' I
\ I (
~
I

31-oir-------------------------+------------------------~--------------------------~--------~~~

\

t\. ______ _ -- --~ ,____,_- ----......____ _ - ...
, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5554

-7
) __

Sym b ol
*
+
y

PPM 4558 - 25
25- 9 9- 4
.:S.4

Percent of data 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

'\~.0'----------~F-------------------~------~----~~~ ' ' \
' ' \

PLATE 31
Sn (Tin)

I
\
~\
\

''\ I (
}
I

31 -0 ~---------------------+----------------------~--------------------~------~~~

I

't\.--------- -------------- --------,

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2935

I__I

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
160 - 10 10 - 5 5- 3
<3

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25 1:1,785,000

50 MILES

\

\

\

+

\''

+ +

\

PLATE 3 2
Sr (Strontium)

I
I
~
I

I

'
l'-

__________

------.- -----. -
-------7
)__, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 1858

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM 415 - 40 40- 25 <25

Percent of data 25.0 25.0 50.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 3 3
Th (Thorium)

'''\ I (
}
I

31-0~-------------------------+------------------------~--------------------------~--------~~~

I

\

----- _____ l~

... --.__ -----.

-

--------7

, TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5778

) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
2066 - 54 54 - 19 19 - 9 <9

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 3 4
Ti (Titanium)

ly *** +

.\tc-1 I y

'''\

+

I
I
}

I

31 -i----------------------+---------------------~---------------------+--------~~~ I

't\.------- ------------ --------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5338

)__{

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
88,100 - 11,700 11,700 - 6500
6500 - 4200 <4200

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25 .0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 3 5
U (Uranium)

' I
\ I (
~
I

31 -0 ~------------------------~-----------------------+------------------------~--------~~~

I

'
t'"'--- ... ,____ _ ------------
- - - - - - , TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5851

-7
) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
425.6 - 12.4 12.4- 6.1 6.1 - 3.6 <3.6

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 3 6

u
(Highest 10 percent of observations)

\

\
\



y
' Iy

'\' y

' + y

\33

* y y.

I

I

' .:y \ "'* + : y +y I

+. .. l~lIf ~I l*y +

tl

+ ,f y
Y+~ *
I~:~
Y. I 1--
1 ~;b '!,ay
* t l + l
Yl +I

+ I
I+*

\,

.., +
Yy ~ y

il

y

y

* y

+Y * +

+ + I*

+ + +

''\ I (
}
I

\,
"" \ \

*+I

+ I+
+

+ + "- ... 82

I
+ + y y+~

t +

+
y

+ y .y y

y
* +
y I


I Ir
y

+ +


y

+

+ *+

+

y

y

y

y

*
y

y
y *
y
,v

I
'~\

+

*

* y

y

+

y

+

+

+

,
'

y

3 1~ .------------------~----------------~-----------------+------~~

\
t'-

_________

------------ -------.,

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5851

) __ {

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
425.6 - 55.8 55.8 - 38.1 38.1 - 31.0 31.0 - 25.4

Percent of data 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 3 7
V (Vanadium)

yy I 1

y I

y

III I

II y y y

I Iy

4-'f I I

' I

I

\

I
I
)

I

31-0~-------------------------+------------------------~--------------------------~--------~~~

I

't\. - - - - . _ - . __

-------- , -----------
TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 5646

-7
) __

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM 1010 - 80
80 - 40 40- 20 <20

Percent of data 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

' ' \

I'' I

/1
I

ll1'1,1,1'

1 r1Ill I

'

I

1/llr I

11 I

I

I
/~ rf

I , Ill I I

p rrl 111

' ' \

'',I I

' ' \

PLATE 38
W (Tungsten)

I
\
~\
I

I (
}
I

31 -t.----------------~--------------~---------------t------~~

'

l __- ___ \,

...

--,______ -- --------7

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2911

)__{

Symbol

PPM
30 - 2
<2

Percent of data
11.5 88.5

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 3 9
Y (Yttrium)

I
\
~\
\

' I
' I
(
}
I

't\.----------- ------------ -----------.,

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2760

) __ {

Symbo l
*
+
y

PPM
1070 - 50 50- 20 20- 10
<10

Percent of data
25 .0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 4 0
Yb (Ytterbium)

' I
\ I (
}
I

I
__ _ '\
t'- ----._ ---------- -------7
TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 4367

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
302.4 - 13.3 13.3 7.1 7.1 - 4.1 <4.1

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

y

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

PLATE 41
Zn (Zinc)

I
\
~\
\
'

32 I I
I
' I
\ I (
}
I

31~----------------------+---------------------~---------------------+--------~~~ I

' l '

-

-

-

------

------------

---------7

"""'"" """-.... ...

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2949

)__{

Sy mbol
"'
+
y

PPM
1070 - 61 61 - 38 38 - 25
<25

Percent of data
25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

50
' ' \ ' ' \ ' ' \

85
I~ I * .t
yY I
*+
* 4=1*

~I

\

*

' \

Yl+

''\ *

y
* y *

'

'\ *

I *

~30

' l

~

" \

+

I

I)Y

y +~
tl I ~I yYyY y
II +

+

+

* *

y

y

y
* + 1Y I

+ y

*+

PLATE 4 2

\

\

~

,,'y

'

\,

Zn (Highest 10 percent
of observations)

y *' \

y

'~, 82

y
+

* y * y

y

''\ I (
}
I

I
'll.--.______ _
------------... -

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES: 2949

Symbol
*
+
y

PPM
450 - 95 95- 70 70 -60 60-53

Percent of data 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

,)__

0 10 25

50 MILES

1:1,785,000

REFER TO GENERALIZED CHART OF SURFACE TIME AND ROCK UNITS IN GEORGIA FOR EXPLANATION
Modified from Geological Highway map of the Southeastern Region <Bennison, 1975)