'.'
RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS
BEFORE
JOINT COMMITTEE
Appointed to Investigate the Charges in Connection with the Conduct
OF THE
GEORGIA STATE SANITARH(;M
S. N. TEITLEBAUM, Stenographer.
. ;....-
'' :.....
j,_'.i'1">1i1A, GA.
CHAS. P. BYRD, State Pri~1ter, 1910.

A RESOLUTION.
Whereas, Charges have been made against the fteorgia State Sanitarium, and,
Whereas, These charges were of sufficient importance to have our attention called to them through a special Message from His Excellency the Governor, who asks a. thorough investigation of same; therefore, be it
Resolved, That a committee of seven from the House, be appointed by the Speaker, and four from the Senate, be appointed by the President of the Senate, to thoroughly investigate said charges, and report their findings at the next session of the General Assembly ;
Resolved, further, That said Committee may sit during vacation, not more than ten days, and the members shall each receive four dollars per diem and actual necessary expenses, to be paid on an itemized statement accompanied by proper vouchers.
Resolved, further, That said Committee shall have power and authority to summon before it such witnesses as it may deem necessary, and to cause the same to testify, and to cause the production of such papers and documents before it as it may deem proper for an investigation, ~mel to this end it is given authority of the Court of Law.
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE,
, Appointed by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia, to investigate charges made in connection with the Georgia State Sanitarium, Milledgeville, Georgia.

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MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA,

i~

November 8, 1909.

Pursuant to the foregoing Resolhtion, the Joint Committee appointed to investigate the charges made in connection with the Georgia State Sanita-rium, met at the State Sanitarium, on Monday, the 8th day of November, 1909, at 10 o'clock a.~m., there being present the following:

Senator J. L. McLean, Chairman, Senator Al~in, Senator Conley, Senator Longley,

Representative J. A. J. Henderson, Vice-Chairman,

Representative Baker,

Representative Carswell,

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Representative Tuggle,
Representative Brown, of Murray,
Representative McCrory,
and S. N. Teitlebaum, Stenographer to the Committee.
Representative Brown : I move that we meet tomorrow moming at 10 o'clock, to enter formally into this investigation, the place to be designated later; and in the meantime this will give us a chance to go over the buildings and properties and inspect them . thoroughly.
Upon being duly seconded, the motion was put by the Chair and unanimously carried.
Senator Longley: I now move that we meet here -unless there is some better place.
Representative Baker: Suppose that we meet here and t"ake whatever testimony is necessary here, and then meet in Milledgeville for outsiders and take their testimony there. lt will be as much inconvenient to the management of the Institution to have outsidei"s coming in- as witnesses, as it will be for the witnesses going out,-to go to Miiledgeville. I .s'ay, get through with the inspection out here and then move up to town,-or ~t might be likely even, that we would want to go to Atlanta to :qnish the proposition.
Representative Brown : I suppose that the Board of Trustees of this Asylum would like to be heard
.before this ,Committee, and in deference to them, I 6

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suggest, why not hear from them before we commence the investigation 7
Chairman McLean: We might ascertain from Judge Lawson what time it would suit best for the Board of Trustees to be heard from.

v-. .-" ~J.

Judge Lawson, the Committee presumed the Boa.rd of Trustees would like to come before it at some stage of the proceedings, and we would like to ascertain at what stage the Trustees would like to meet the Committee7

Judge Lawson: The Trustees would like to make a statement at any time that it suits the Committee to hear from us. That statement we propose-after you look over the grounds, as some of the gentlemen expressed a desire' to do a little while ago, we presume when you come back you would want to rest a little, and by thai time we could'make the statement.

Rep~esentative Baker: vVould it suit you, Judge, the :fir-st thing when the Committee meets here tomorro-w morning7

Judge Lawson: Yes sir, any time that it suits the Committee to hear from us.

Vice-Chairman Henderson: \llfouldn 't it be well for you to send someone with us as we go. around the different buildings,-as we go over the grouncls,where you make recommendations to poj.nt out the particular places yoli make the recommendations about7

Judge Lawson: Yes su-; the Superintendent,

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Doctor Jones, will go with you; ask him any questions you wish to ask, and make any suggestions you desire, and if you desire to call his attention to anything that you think is going on wrong, don't hesitate to call his attention to it; if there is anything wi'ong in the Institution, we are just as anxious to know it as anybody, and if it's in our power, we are anxious to correct it.

Vice-Chairman Henderson: In going through,-

you have made recommendations ,after recommenda-

tions, several times to the Legislature, asking for

help and different other things; now as we go

through, we would like for you to give us all the in-

formation you can, at these different places where

you. are asking for things.

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Judge Lawson: It will be a pleasure to do so; I

have asked Doctor Jones to go with you, because he

being the Superintendent and administrative officer,

knows better perhaps than anyone of us, or any one

of his staff, for that matter, what is needed every-

where,-each member of his staff knows better what

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to do in his special department than Doctor Jones,

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but the Doctor has more general information in re-

gard to everything connect.ed with the Insituttion,

probably, than any member of his staff has; and as

I was saying awhile ago, as you go through, if you

want any information about anything, don't hesitate

to ask it, and if you think there is anything,-if

there is anything that you think could be improved

_ upon, don't hesitate-to say so. We think we have

got the best Institution, or one of the best in the

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United States-we know that we have got the bell!'t consiaering the means that we have to put upon it,that's generally conceded by everybody who knows anything about it; we have visited a great many sanitariums in the United States and a great many people connected with sanitariums in the United States have visited us, and we are thoroughly satisfied that, with the means at our disposal, we have the best institution in the United States,-the best managed. Of course, we haven't anything like the amount of money that we actually need and that we have asked the Legislature to furnish us, time and
again, and which they haven 't done. We run this
Institution at less than thirty-five c.ents a day per capita,_ and that includes every dime of expenses,payment of salaries, wages, repairs and support and subsistence of patients,-every dime of expense that's incurred is included in that thirty-five cents a day per capita,-or less than thirty-five cents. Now, there's not but two institutions in the United States that pay less than that; one is a negro institution,-Petersbuig, Virginia, and the other an institution in Louisiana,-! don't lmow whether it is a negro institution or what. Now, where we have "less than thirty-five cents per capita, other institutions run up as high as a dollar, and thirty and fifty and seventy cents and so on up to a dollar. Well, ev.en if we had fifty cents, we could do a great deal better than we have done. We have asked the Legislature time and again to give us enough money to build a few pavillions, so that we could isolate the tuberculosis patients; they ought not to be allowed to stay
9

in a ward with healthy patients,-but they have never heeded our request. we also want to i~olate the epileptics,_:those that are not insane_.:.we have a great many people here, epileptics; that are not insane; the law requires us to receive them, and they are the most troublesome patients we have. We would like to isolate them, but we c~n 't do it,-and so on; I might mention a good many other things, but in just this brief statement that I desire to make
now, I can't include everything.

The Committee that. investigated us here re-

cently, said that the basic wrong in this Institution

was a lack of money. I have forgotten wh.at they

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said we ought to have per capita,-! think fifty cents per capita, they said, we ought to h~ve. T'hat re-

r

port is, in the _main, favorable; they condemn us in our treatment of tuberculosis patients. They made

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no inquiry about it here,-didn't call the matter to

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our attention, else we could have ,given them some

information which they didn't have, and which at

the ~roper time we will give you gentlemen on that

subject. They said nothing to us about it, hence, of course, we sm'd nothing to the~ about .it; but we are

prepared to show by the statistics which we have,

from all the institutions,-not all, but eighty odd in-

stitutions in the- United States, from thirty-three

States, that the percentage of deaths in this Sani-

tarium is less from tuberculosis than it is irr the very

l'arge majority of other institutions in the United

States, notwithstanding we don't treat them as well

rcs we would like to do and are anxious to do, and as

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we have begged the Legislature to giVe us the au-
thority and the means to do.
Now, we were unfortunate in the last investigation,-the Committee was headed by one of these modern Don Quixotes that thinks that he has a theory and that everything .in the country ought to conform to . that particular theory and that everything that don't conform to that particular theory is gone to the "bow-wows." vVell, we don't exactly think that ours-well, we make the best use of ;thing~ we can; but a fellow that goes into the arena, you know; and thinks that everything ought _to be smas4ed and that he is the man to smash them, and .that upon the wreck and ruin of every . existing institution. he can build up something ac.cording to his theory, is going to :find something wrong everywhere,-it don't matter whether a fairminded, common..:sense man :findS' it all right or not, -he :finds it wrong. Now, he said, when he was appointed,-:-! have the very best evidence of this,that he had been waiting :fifteen years for this opportunity that he had, and that every ''damned institution in th!Ol State of Georgia ought to be busted wide open,' '-educational institutions, eleemosynary institutions, everything else,-because they didn't conform to his theory.
I' am referring to Dr. Westmoreland, he's the
head of it,-I thought you gentlemen knew who the head of it was. The Doctor, they tell me, is a magnificent surgeon,-! presume he is one of the best in this country, a magnificent gentleman, a very intelli-
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gent gentleman, and I wouldn't say a word to dis-

parage him in his particular profession; but a man

who simply knows something about surgery can't

know anything about managing a large sanitarium

like this,-he's got to be a little broader, got to

know something else; he's got to have a litt1e expe-

rience on some other lines besides this. A man can

sit in an office and frame up theories about how

things ought to be managed, but he will :find it very

difficult to bring things into conformity with his

theory, when he comes to entering upon- the practice

of it. Now, we don't claim to have a Paradise here,

-not by any means; we have three thousand odd in-

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sane folks,____:it is managed by men, it is not managed

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by angels or any superior beings; it is managed by meri with like passions with ourselves, and the best

men we can get, and so on, and you know there is

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obliged to be some wrong done here and there, occa-

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sionally, in spite of all the supervision that can be

had,-no doubt about that,-and when we say ''you

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ain ''t going to :find anything wrong," why, we'll

claim for this Institution what can't be claimed for

any instituton on the face of the earth. We will all

have to get to Heaven before we :find institutions

going on without some wrong-doing, I presume, but

we do the best we can with the means we have, and

if there is anything going on wrong here, we would

be very much obliged to you gentlemen to point it

out to us, and if it's in our power to .correct it, we

will certainly correct it,-we want to do it, we want.

- to manage the Institution upon th~ highest plane it

possibly can be managed; and gentlemen who have
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more experience and more intelligence than we have, and can put us upon a pq.th of _conducting it in that way, we would be very much obliged to.
Now, this is not the statement that we proposed to make, and I have digressed and gone into the subject ~great deal further than I intended to do.
Repres.entative Baker: I move that we meet at this parlorjomorrow morning at 10 o'clock, at which time the Board of Trustees to appear before us.
.. Upon being duly seconded, the motion was'put and unanimously carried.
Judge Lawson: Mr. Chairman, I make this statement and leave it with you gentlemen,-if you prefer to stay here, we can feed you at the steward's table, it is fairly good fare, fairly good, about as good, I expect, as you will find in Milledgeville at the hotels, and we have got one large room here where we can supply you with beds, but we haven't got single rooms where we could give each individual a room to himself. We will give you dinner, breakfast and supper, if you desire to stay here, and give you a~bed to sleep in, under these circumstances that I mentioned,-we'll give you single beds, Of course, but it's all in one room,-we can't give you each single rooms.
Representative Baker: I move that we thank Judge Lawson ~and take dinner with him and go to the hotel for sleeping and breakfast and supper,-! _ mean take dinner with him every day wltile we .are here.
13

Chairman McLean: It is not necessary to put the motion,-I don't think it is necessary to put that as a motion, I suppose it is generally understood.
Representative Baker: No sir, not necessary at all.
Vice-Chairman Henderson: I move that we devote the entire day to going through the buildings;go through the whole Institution and see the needs of thing's, and so on,
The motion was seconded and unanimously carried.
Representative Tuggle: Before we adjourn, I make a motion that all of our hearings be open to the public, of course, the Committee reserving the right to go into executive session any time they see :fit.
The motion was seconded and unanimously carried.
Upon motion, the hearing was adjourned until the following day, Tuesday, November 9th, 1909, at 10 o'clock, a. m., in order that the Committee might thoroughly inspect the buildings and properties of the Sanitarium before proceeding with the hearing of testimony.
TuESDAY, November 9, 1909,
10 0 'Clock A. M.
- Pursuant to adjournment, the hearing was resumed in the parlor of the State Sanitarium, at
14

Milledgeville, Georgia, on Tuesday morning, November 9; 1909, at 10 o'clock a. m., the following rpembers of the Committee being present:

Senator J. L. McLean, Chairman, Senator Conley, Senator Longley,

Representative J._ A. J. He' nderson, Vice-Chairman,

Representative Baker,

Representative Carswell,

Representative Tuggle,

Representative Brown, of Murray,

Representative McCrory;

the following proceedings were had. and testimony

taken:



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'
Judge LawS'on: I wish .to read the report of-the

Board of Trustees in reference to these chai'ges; con-

taining suggestions and recommendations that the

Board thinks proper to make to this Committee:-

"Statement of Per Capita Cost, Average Number of Patients Under Treatment, and Percentage-s of Deaths from Tuberculosis in the Various Hospitals_ for the Insane in the United States for the year 1908:

15


i

Aver

age

Year No. of_ Per Capita Per

Pa-

Cost Per C"J)ita

tients Annum Per

Treat

Diem

ed

Hospital for Epileptics ... Palmer, Mass.. ---- 1908 324 $467.49

1.28

Lunatic HospitaL........Boston, Mass... 1908 Insane Asylum.........Worcester, Mass.. 1908

792837 --2-2-9-.9--8---

63
.6;3

Lunatic HospitaL.......Worcester, Mass... 1908 1189.---------- .63

Lunatic HospitaL..........Northampton-.IVIass 1908 789 205.99

.56

Insane HospitaL............Westborough,lVIass 1908 726 255.11

. 70

Asylum for Chronic Insane . _Tewksbury, Mass.. 1908 612 -----------------

Hospital for the Insane.....Middleton, Conn.. 1908 Manhattan State Hosp1taL ...Wards Isle N.Y... 1908

24446663 ,._2._3_8__. 5__0_ .__

..6436

Manhattan State HospitaL.. Central Islip,N. Y. 1908 L. I. State HospitaL ....Iiings Park, N.Y.. 1908 Hudson River State Hospital PoughkeeiJ~ie,N .Y. 1908 Utica State HospitaL......Utica, N.Y ....... 1908 B!nghampton State Hospital .Binghampton,N.Y.. 1908 St. Lawrence State HospitaL .Ogdensburg, N.Y. 1908 Willard State HospitaL .....Willard, N. Y ----- 1908 Rochester State HospitaL ..Rochester, N. Y ___ 1908 Buffalo State HospitaL .....Buffalo, N. Y _. __ . 1908 N.J. State HospitaL .......Morris Plains,N. J 1908

3822 ---------3146 ----------
2420 ---------1255 ---------1948 ----------. 1828 ----------
2308 ---------1348 ---------11888539 -2-4-0--.4-3----

.46 .. 47
.53 .51 .52 .51
.49 .49 ..4695

N.J. State HospitaL. ___ -- __Trenton, N.J.---- 1908 1290 242. 80

. 667

Hospital for the Insane.... Philadelphia, Pa.. 1908 Hospital for the Insane.... Norristown; Pa... 1908

. 446

.

2558 "215~78-----~59"

State Lunatic HospitaL....Harrisburg, Pa.... 1908 1082 345.90

. 95

Hospital for the Insane.... Danville, Pa...... 1908 1329 208.00

. 57

Delaware State HospitaL_ ...Farnhurst, DeL 1908 410 358.00

.98

Hospital for the Insane.....Catonsville, Md... 1908 674 230.83

.63

Govt. Hospital fvr the lnsane. Washington, D.C. 1908 2665 ---------- .71 EasternStateHospitaL..... Williamsburg, Va. 1908 '620. 150.41 .. .41

Central State HospitaL .....Petersburg, Va. ___ 1908 12<13 101. 78col'd .28

WesternStateHospitaL ...Staunton, Va.... 1908 953 128.78

.35

Southwestern State HospitaL .Marion, Va..... '. 1908 569 154.05

.42

Hospital for the Insane.....Weston, W. Va_-__ 1908 1002' 160.00

.43

Insane A.sylum......... Raleigh, N.C..... 1908 568 185. 24

. 507

State HospitaL ........Morganton, N.C... 1908 1016 152.55

.418

State HospitaL ......... Goldsboro, N.C . 1908 634 138.00

. 378

State Sanitarium.......... Milled~:eville, Ga __ 1908 3130 127.00

. 347

Asylum for Indigent lnsane...Chattahoochee,Fia $1908 757 1.64. 73

. 45

Long View HospitaL_ ....Carthage, Ohio... 1907 1118 180.04

.49

State HospitaL ...........Dayton, Ohio ..... 1907 1066 188.07

.515

State HospitaL .........Athens, Ohio ...... 1907 1295 141.56

.387

State HospitaL ........Cleveland, Ohio. __ 1907 1280 194.80 State HospltaL ... ~--------Toledo, Ohio.c .. 1907 1749 166.28 Hospital for the Insane. _____ ,ndianapolis,Ind __ 1907 2022 197.57 Hospital for the Insane ______ Richmond, Indd___ 1908 744 161.89

. 53 .455 . 54 .498

Hospital for the "nsune. __ .Logansport, In ___ 1908 905 174.61

.478

Hospital for the Insane. ______ Evansville,lnd____ 1908 662 177.05

.48

Hospital for the lnsane_______ Jacksonville,IlL .. 1908 _



Hospital for the Insane..... Elgin,l!L. _______ 1008 viii4""iiiii~oo--- ~377

Hospital for the Insane.....Anna,IlL ....1 1908 1308 142.45 Hospital for the Insane.... ~Dunn!ng,liL ... _..~ 1908 1908 236.41

. 39 ,647

Asylum for the Insane ... Kalamazoo, Mich. 1908 _______ --------- .48

E. Mich. Asylum.~- _________ Pontiac, Mich _____ 1908 229 207.72

.56

N.llfich.Asylum...... c..TraverseCity,Mich. 1908 1575 ---------- .48

Hospitalforthelnsane..Wauwatosa, Wis . 1908 542 191.71

.52

Hospital forthe Insane.....lndependence,Iowa 1908 1115 166. 98

. 457

Hospital for the Insane___ .. Ciadinda, Iowa.. 1908 1034 147.13

.40

State Lunatic Asylum. ______ Fulton, Mo _______ 1908 _

.38\l

State Lunatic Asylum ...St. Joseph, Mo .. : 1908 1369""154~32 ___ .436

Hospital for the Iosane... Norfoll<, Neb------ 1908 351 231.35

.63

Hospital for Chronic lnsane...I-Iastings, Neb..... 1908 1023 159.83

.44

State Insane As,vlum.. Osawatomle, Kan. 1908 1294 144.78

.39

'State Insane Asylum _________Topeka, Kan------ 1908 1085 148.00

A05

E. Ky. I.unaticAsylum .. Lex!ngton, Ky ____ 1907 C.~y.LunaticAsylum .. Lakeland,Ky _____ 1907

150.00

.41

150.00

.41

W.Ky.LunaticAsylum..Hopkins.ville,Ky . 1907------150.00

;41

Hospita:lforthelnsane.. Nashville,Tenn 1908 584 143.87

.39

Hospital for the lnsane Knoxville, Tenn 1908 500 135.00

.37

16

Hospital for the Insane_______ Bolivar, Tenn_____ 1908
Ala. Bryce Insane Asylum____Tuscaloosa, Ala- 1908 E. Miss. Insane Asylum ______ Meridian, Miss ____ 1907 Insane Asylum of La ________ Jackson. La ______ 1908 State J,unatic Asylum _______ Aust.in, Texas_____ 1908 Hospital for the lnsane ______ Terrell, Texas_____ 1908 Hospital for the Insane ______ San Antonio ______ 1908 Asylum for the Insane _______ Stockton, CaL ____ 1908 As.vlum .or the Insane _______ Agnews, CaL _____ 1908 Asylum .or the Insane _______ Napa, CaL _______ 1908 Asylum for t.he Insane _______ Mendocino, CaL ___ 1908 Asylum for the Insane_______ San Bernadino,CaL 1908

671 2129
465 1330 1175 1670 755 1847 714 1690 779 995

140.20 148.94 134.40 125.18 143 .63 146.74 159.99 139.77 Hl7.58 147.93 164.36 175.78

.39 .408 .368 .34 .39 .40 .43 .38 .54 .405 .45 .48

Total Total No. of

No.un-No. of Deaths

der Deaths Tuber-

treat-

culosis.

ment.

Percentage from Tuberculosis

Massachusetts:

Lunatic HospitaL _________ .Boston________ 1153 132

Insane Asylum. ___ -------_ Worcester. ____ 1110 48 Lunatic HospitaL-- ________Worcester _____ 1814 48 Lunatic HospitaL. _________ Northampton._ 1098 91

Insane HospitaL.---------- Westborough __ 1521 105 Asylum for Cronic Insane ___Tewksbury ____ 839 106 Hospital for Epileptics _____ Palmer________ 397 26

Connecticut:



Retreat for the Insane _____ .Middleton _____ 2958 170

New York:

Manhattan State HospitaL .. Wards IsL __ 6039 411

Manhattan State HospitaL ..Central Islip ___ 5419 L. I. State HospitaL _______ Kings Parle ___ 4159

373 227

Hudson River HospitaL ____ Poughkeepsie __ 3209 207

Utica State HospitaL _______ Utica _________ 1546 100

Binfhamton HospitaL ______ Binghampton __ 2323 121

St. awrence HospitaL _____ Ogdensburg____ 2396 157

Mattawan State HospitaL ..Fishkill Lndg _______ 18

Willard State HospitaL-- ___ Willard. ______ 2600 165

__ Rochester State HospitaL ___ Rochester _____ 1646 123

New Jersey:

\

N.J. State HospitaL _______ Morris Plain___ 2319 157

N.J. State HospitaL _______Trenton_______ 1577 101

Pennsylvania: Hospital for the Insane______ Norristown ____ 3160 202 State Lunatic Asylum_______ Harrisburg ____ 1364 59 Hospital for the Insane______ Warren. ______ 1555 112 Hospital for the Insane______ Danvi!le_______ 1710 144

Delaware: State HospitaL ____________ FarnhursL ____ 602 92

Maryland: Hospital for the Insane _____ Catonsville --- 6<18 45

District of Columbia: Gov't Hospital for Insane ___ Washington____ 3239 201

Virginia: Eastern Hospital for Insane_ Williamsburg __ 884 82 Central State HospitaL _____ Petersburg ____ 1611 165 Western State Hospital_- ___ Staunton ______ 1381 86

17

13 9 8-10 17 37 1-2 16 33 6 6 6-10 16 15 39 36 8-10 7 26 9-10 27 158-10 74 18 44 11 7-10 28 12 !7 22 11 9 25 20 19 12 5 27 40 24 9 7 28 178-10 8 8 22 10 8-10 13 22 28 25 19 13 22 23 9-10 7 15 1-2 31 15 4-10 13 13 8-10 25 15 10 11 1-2

west Virginia: Hospital for Insane_________ Weston _______ 1315 75 82

19 29-1907 16 19-1908

North Carolina:

Insan<;o Asylum ____________ Raleigh_______ 786 State HospitaL ____________ Mo';f,unton_____ 1335

86 42

8 g 9 23 8-10

I !

State Hos~itaL ____________ Gol sburo- ~--- 1027 179 Ga.State anitarium ____.___ Milledgevl!e ___ 4095 191
268

68 28 1-2 26 .13 1-2white 72 26 colored

Florida.: Asylum for Indigent Insane _Chattahoochee 1143 119

19 16

Ohio:

Long View ~ospitaL _ -----_Carthage_---~- 1391 124

State HospitaL ___ ---- __ - __ Dayton ___ ---_ State HospitaL ____________ Athens________

11351439

100 97

.State HospitaL ___._________ CJeveland______ 1668
State HospitaL ___ ; ________Toledo ________ 2252

104 147

'"!";
12 9 6-10 8 22 6-10 22 22 6-10 9 8 6-10 18 12

Indiana: Hospital for the Insane____ ~ _Indianapoli, ___ 2<131 131 Hospital for the Insane______ Richmond _____ 883 40
Hospital for the lnsane______ Logansport ____ 1242 92 Hospital for the Insane______Evansville_____ 721 67

39 25 8-10 5 12 1-2 10 10 8-10
11 16

Illinois:

Hospital for the Insane______Jacksonville ___ Hospital for the Insane _____Elgin _________

2544 1985

247 204

34 13 7-10 48 23 1-2

Hospital for the Insane______ Anna-----~--- 2029 208 HQspital for the Insane______ Dunning __ -- __ 3151 327

38 13 4-10 45 13 7-10

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Hospital for the Insane______ HospitaL ___ -------- 158
Michigan: Asylum for the Insane __ ---- Kalamazoo_-~- 2591 359 E. Michigan Asylum________ Pontiac __ ----_ 1727 212 N. Michigan Asylum____ " ___Traverse City __ 1813 224

30 19 30 8 26 12 45 '20

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Wisconsin:

I

Hospital for the Insane______ Wauwatosa____ 819 61 Minnesota:

10 16

f

State HospitaL ____________ St. Peter ______ 1679 155 State HospitaL ____________ Rochester_- __ - 1932 228

26 16 28 12

I

State HospitaL ____________ Fergus Falls--~ 2435 243
Iowa: Hospitai for the Insane______ Independence__ 1703 182

71. 29 45 24 7-10

Hospital for the Insane______ Ciarinda_----- 2605 187

15 8

Missouri: State Lunatic .Asylum ______ Fu!ton ______.__ 1589 233 State Lunatic .Asylum-----~-St. Joseph _____ 2268 322 State Lunatic Asylum.. ______ Nevada_- ----- 1750 180

52. 22

37 21

11 II

8~10

North. Dakota: Hospital for the Insane_---- _Jamestown ____ 885 97

28 28 8-10

Nebraska:

Hospital for the Insa11e---- __ Norfolk __ - ____ 446 35

. Hospital for t1le Insane______ Hastings_~ ____ 1405
South Dakota:

163

Hospital for the Insane______Yankton_----- 835 41

4 11 4-10 33 20
11 26 8-io

Ka11sas: StateInsaiie Asylum-- _____ Osawatomie--------- 273 State I11sa11e .Asylum _______Topeka________ 1300 64

47 17 12 18

18

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Kentucky: C. Ky. Lunatic Asylum _____ Lakeland______ 1601 132 W. Ky. Lunatic Asylum ____ Hopkinsville___ 1356 89

Tennessee:

Hospital for the Insane______ Nashville______ 846 Hospital for the Insane______ Knoxville______ 830

84 84

Hospital for the Insane______ Bolivar________ 1120 137

Ala-Bryce Insane Asylum ___Tuscaloosa_____ '2809 249

Mississippi: E. Miss. Insane Asylum _____ Meridian __ ---- 608 35

Louisiana: Insane Asylum of La _______Jackson _______ 1523 106

Texas:

State Lunatic Asylum ______ Austin ________ 1646 Hospital for the lnsane______Terrell ______ :_ 2458

95 191

Hospital for the Insane______San Antonio__ 997 36

California: Asylum for the Insane ______Stockton_----- 2413 221 Asylum for the Insane ______ Agnews __ ----- 820 18 Asylum for the Insane ______ Napa ___ ------ 2128 143 Asylum for the lnsane _____ Mendocino_____ 1028 71 Asylum for the Insane ______San Bernadino 1'147 99

Washington: Hospital for the Insane______ Med cal Lake_ 711 47

Oregon: State Insane Asylum _______Salem_________ 2'140 299

17 12 26 29 10 11 9-10 19 22 6-10 24 17 22 8 7-10.
7 20 21 19 22 23 39 20 4-10 13 36 35 16
1 5 1-2 20 13 9-10
5 7 10 10 10 21 38 12 7-10

PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS FROM TUBERCULOSIS AMONG COLORED PATIENTS IN SOUTHERN HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE, 1908.

Total No. Central State HospitaL _______ Petersburg, V>t. ------ 165 State HospitaL ______________ Goldsboro, N. C______ 179 Ga. State Sanitarium _________ Milledgeville_________ 268 Mt. Vernon HospitaL ________ Mt. Vernon, Ala______ 129 Hospital for the Insane________ Chattahoochee, FJa___ 129 Hospital for the Insane _______ Knoxville, Tenn______ 12 Hospital for the Insane _______ Bolivar, Tenn________ 40 Hospital for the lnsane _______ Hopkinsville, Ky_____ 26 La.lnsane Asylum __________ Jackson, La_________ 37

No. Tub. Percent

25

15

25 38 5-10

72 26 6-10

10 7 7-10

25 19

4 33

11 27 1-2

11 '12

11 29 7-10

Ga. State 1908 Maximum wages paid men attendants--------------- $30.00

St. Lawrence 1908 Maximum wages paid men attcndants-----------.---- 30.00

Ga. State 1908 Maximum wages paid women attendants------------ 20.00

St. Lawrence 1\)08 Maximum wages paid women attendants ___________ _ 22.50 Ga. State 1908 Minimum wages paid men attendants______________ _ 20.00

St. Lawrence 1908 Minimum wages paid men attendants--------------- 22.50

Ga. State 1908 Minimum wages paid women attendants------------ 12.50

St.. Lawi:ence 1908 Minimum wages paid women attendants------------ 16.00

Ga .. S t a t e

Proportion day attendants to average daily POP------ 1 to 13

St. Lawrence Proportion day attendants to average daily pop______ 1 to 9.73

Ga. State

Proportion night attendants to average daily pop_____ 1 to 1 08

St. Lawrence Proportion night attendants to average daily pop_____ 1 to 53.1

19

A comparison between the Georgia State Sanitarium and the Sanitariums in 33 other States, showing the percentage of deaths from all causes of the number of patients treated, and the percentage of deaths from tuberculosis in each State for the year 1908. The white population only in the Georgia Sanitarium is compared with the total population in Sanitariums north of Mason & Dixon's line because there are but few negroes in those States, and we have no data for separating them.
A comparison of the percentage of deaths of negroes in the Georgia Sanitarium and the Sanitariums of other Southern States is presented herewith in another paper.

No. of Name of Sanitarl- States
urns.

Percentage Percentage

of deaths

of deaths

from all

from

causes. Tuberculosis

1 8

:~~~~~;t!sett3_-_~~-_-_ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~

.069 .062

1 Conne"cticuL ______ ---------------------- .J)57

10 New York __________ -------------------- .064

2 4
1 1

t~~li~;~~~~ ~ Maryland_______==-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

. 063 .066 .152 .07

1 Distriet of Columbia--------------------- .06

3 1 3 1 5

:JJrvdfi~-:~; ~~::::::: .083

. 057

FOlhoiroi.d_a________________=_________-_-_-_-_-_=-_=-_=-_=-_=-_=---:-_: -=--=---:-:--=--=---=--=

.097 10.4
.07

4 5

IIlnlidnioainsa________________-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_--- -_-__----_----------------

.066 .10

3 1 3 2

wi~~~~~~,~ ~ MJoiwnan.e_s_o_t_a_. ___=__=___=__=__=__=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-==_-_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=-=_

.129 . 074 . 10 . 085

3 Missouri.. ______ ------------------------- . 131

1 N. Dakota_____ ------------------------- .11

1 S. Dakota_____ ------------------------- .049

2 Nebraska. ______ ------------------------ .107

2 Kansas_______ -------------------------- No data

::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~JG~if:::: Jf::;!~~::e~ ~~~~ 2

.082

3 1

= =

=======================

.076 .088

1

.057

1

.069

3 Texas ____________ ---------------------- . 088

5 California____________ ------------------- .07

1 1

~~~~~-~t~~----~~~~:~~::=: =: ========== ====

.066 12.2

86

34

20

03.5

20.5

15.8

15.8

14 .

15.8

23.9

15.5

15.4

15 .

19 .

13.2

16.

12.5

18.5

16.1

12.7

16 .

20 .

16 .

15 .

28.8

26.8

19.00

17.5 12. 12. .088 20. 19.

wwwww

23 .

12.8

21.

12.7

1. It will be observed that there are only three
Sanitariums in the United States that contain a
larger number of patients than the Georgia Sanitarium, and it is reason?-ble to suppose that when there .are fewer in number, better sanitary conditions can be preserve~.

2. That in these 33 States there are only eleven wherein the percentage of deaths from all causes is lower than in the Georgia Sanitarium, anq only eight States wherein the percentage of deaths from tuberculosis is lower.

3. That of the 86 anitariums mentioned only .two expend less per capita per diem than the Georgia Sanitarium, while a vast majority of the others expend a great deal more.

4. That in seven other Southern States where

the peTcent.age of deaths from tuberculosis among

the negroes is known there are _only three wherein

. I

the percentage is lower than in the Georgia Sani-

tarium.

5. It Is self-evident that if the Georgia Sanitarium were furnished with as much money per capita as a vast majority of the Sanitariums in the country enjoy much better care and treatment could be bestowed on its patients.''

Judge Lawson: The Westmoreland Committee said that we ought to have used the money which we used for building silos, for building the tuberculoBis hospital. Gentlemen connected with the Institution twenty-five years and more, carefully considered
21

,:;,"'~. '.,_~'

.

r.

the matter, and it was their opinion that the best

interests of the Institution required the building of

the dairy. vVe are obliged to furnish milk to these

people, and we were obliged to build silos to secure

food for the winter. season, in order to feed our milk

cows on-we need at least 150 milk cows to supply

milk for these people and it takes an enormous quan-

tity of feed for them, both winter and summer, which

we have heretofore been buying. we thought, if we

had the silos, we could ourselves make a great deal

of the forage which we feed t? these cows during the

winter season, and we built the silos that wa.y,-an

honest conviction on the part of these people here,

Trustees and Superintendent and the Medical Board;

they gave it all the consideration that it was practi-

cable to give it,~giving all these people here sick

f!om all diseases, as well as from tuberculosis, con-

sideration, it was thought by these people that it

was best to put this money into the building of the

I .

dairy and silos,-if was the best for the State,-best

l

for all concerned.

Now, I say that may be a difference in judgment, and it may be that this Committee ~ho came clown here, having no experience, so .far as I know, in the treatment of insane people, or people at all in hospitals and sanitariums, may have had an idea that the money had best been appropriated there, but these people on the ground, Doctor Powell, who had been here forty years as Superintendent,~Physi sian and Superintendent together,-Doctor Jones -and Doctor Whitaker, being clown here twenty-five years and more, and other gentlemen connected with

22

the Institution for a great many years, and knowing precisely what the condition of the Institution was, and what it required for the treatment of its insane, -they came to the conclusion that it was best to put this money in the siios. and dairy; I thought so too,the Trust<;)es thought so or else it would not have been done,-the Trustees had to concur with it. Now that's the question,-whether we exercised sound judgment,-the people who had the experience and the knowledge, or those people who had no experience and knowledge, except what they had while they were here, exercised. the soundest judgment.
Furthermore, they say, in 1907, we had a balance of $9,000 and something to go on the next year's account, and we ought to have appropriated that money for that purpose. Well, we don't think so; that money was appropriated by the Legislature of Georgia fol' maintenance and suppol't,-it was not appropriated for the putting up of new buildings at all, and we needed every dime of it next year for maintenance and support, and more- too, because we ended the year 1908 with a balance against us,-we came out that year in debt, although we began the year with $9,000 to our credit. Well, we are always looking ahead, as these people are obliged to do, from the beginning .to the end of the year, because any man who manages an Institution of this sort must do his best to see the end from the beginning, if possible, from the beginning of one month to the end of it and from the beginning of the _year to the end of it; we must see what our necessities are likely to be, and what our resources are -likely be, possibly,
23

and how they can be best conserved and spent

for the benefit of the people here. Now, it

seems that the Trustees acted wisely in not appro-

I

priating that $9,000 for the erection of pavillions for

tuberculosis patients, because the actual necessities

of the Institution required its expenditure in other

lines during that year, not only the expenditure of

that sum, but a still larger sum, leaving ns in debt.

Now, could we have- spent that sum if we had de-

sired to do so~ It was given us by the Legislature

for maintenance and support. Could we have diverted it for the erection of new buildings~ We

think a sum given us for maintenance and support

will allow us to replace an old building with a new

j

one, if it becomes necessary. If one of our buildings should burn down or go naturally to decay, so that

it should become entirely useless, we think we might

' l

use the money given us for maintenance and support for the erection of buildings which we found in ex-

I

- istence at the time the appropriation was made, be. cause maintenance and support means maintenanc-e

(.

and support of buildi:p.gs as well as people,-we un-

derstand it' that way, because we have to spend a

great deal of this money in repairing buildings; but

the maintenance of a building is a very different

thing from the erection of a new building, out and

out, or the replacing of an old building, as we did

with our dairy--it was obliged to be done, for sani-

tary reasons, we replaced it with a new one; that we

\:
[

thought we were at liberty to do under the law. \
Perhaps we were mistaken about that, but the exi-

I

gericy was so great, the demand was so urgent, that

I

24

1 j
I
I
I

1-
we risked it and put aboi1t $4,000, I think it was, in a new dairy and in three silos for our cattle; from an economic standpoint of view, for the State of Georgia, it certaiply would be wiser to spend the money spent in the building of the dairy, as we- did; milk.is the most essential article of diet that we- have among the sick people,-it is indispensabie, and we can't buy it here, this whole country can't furnish us milk enough to support them, and the report says that, and they commend us for building the dairy, and yet say we might have used the money for other purposes. Now that, I believe, is about all I wish to say about the tuberculosis matter. We had an investigation here, four years ago, -by a Legislative Committee, a Special Committee-I don't mean the General Committee that comes every year and investigates the general condition of things"but a special committee headed by Colonel Joseph H. Hall; they came and spent seventeen days and gave it just as thorough an investigation as they possibly could, I presume, and an intelligent investigation too, I have no doubt, and while they commented adversely upon our books here, and our bookkeeping and our system of bookkeeping, and so forth, they commented very favorably as to the management of the Institution, and I say .here-here's what that Committee said: "Your Committee reports that the internal management of this Institution, so far as the care and treatment of the patients is concerned, seems to be well-nigh perfect. 'vVe have nothing but words -,- -of praise for Doctor Powell"-he was then Superintendent, four years ago-"the humane, able and effi-
25

1
!

cient Superintendent and his able corps of assistants"-we have the same corps of assistants now,

except we have added some to it-' 'the patients re-

ceive every attention." That's what Mr. Hall and

his Committee said about it; the only point made

about it was our system of bookkeeping, and this

Committee makes the point on our books, which I

will allude to just now-Dr. Westmoreland's Com-

mittee. I wasn't here at the time, at the time when

the Committee met except part of one afternoon, so

I can't speak from my own personal lmowledge as

to what occurred when they were here, but I inquired

from the men who keep the books whether the Com-

mittee made any investigation or if they saw the

books, and they tolcl me they did not, and yet they

say 01-lr system of bookkeeping ought to be. more

modern than it is. Well, we try to have a modern

system, because we hired Alonzo Richardson~isn 't

he the gentleman who has become so famous in the

examination of the State Treasury1 vVe hired him

to come -clown here about two or three years ago, and

give us a modern system,-recommend a modern

system, to tell us what sort of books to have.

Mr. Richardson suggested- a system, and we use

it, and if it's not modern it isn'.t our fault, be-

cause we are not bookkeepers,-these are doctors

here, you know, that manage the business, and the

balance of us are business men, as a general rule,

but we are not bookkeepers. That Committee

brought two expert accountants with them, and they

spent seventeen days in. the examination of the books

and other things.

26

I don't know that the system, partic~1larly, of the management of the Institution has been changed in a number of years, it is managed by a Board of Trustees like it always has been, and the same num..: ber of Trustees, and it is managed by a Superintendant, like it has always been, and lately we have clone this,-we have appointed a Medical Director to relieve the Superintendent of as much of his duties as possible; this Medical Director will take charge of the medical end of it and the training school.
Q.. With your knowledge of the Institution, as Chairman of the Board of Trustees, do the Trustees feel like there could be any improvement in the way of dissecting the Institution's work, that is, placing the business interests in the hands of or under one head and the Medical Department under another head~have your Trustees anything to offer on that"?
A. Only that we could divide the two Departments, the Business Department and the Medical Department, and we have done it; we have appointed a Medical Director with instructions to go forward as early as possible to do the work; at the same time, it is not completely clivorced, the Medical Director is subordinate to the Superintendent, and the whole corps of officers here is a unit, under one head; their duties are different, but they all report to the Superintendent, and he, after all, is the director of the whole Institution,-medical and business and all; I think the interests of-the Institution would be better subserved by completely divorcing the business in-
, 27

terests of the Institution from the medical, and I have been thinking so for more than a year; but you will be informed about that in the report there; I don't think the law covering this Institution would have to be altered or changed in any particular to bring about that divorcement, but it may be well to do that according to some particular law-we have done it anyhow under the authority which we thought we had under the law, but if there should be any question about that, why it would be well to have an Act of the Legislature to authorize it; we thought we had authority to do it, and we have gone ahead and done it. Now, it isn't complete yet, you understand, it is just now initiated and being put into operation, and perhaps it will be a year or two before the thing is completed, because we have got to understand the histories of these patients and classify them as well as we can, and the doctor has got to know them as well as he can andlmow how to assign physicians to the treatment of patients and so on; the Board of Trustees think that the epileptics who are not insane ought never to be sent here, we have that in the report to the Legislature, we will put in our report to this Committee, if you wish us to.
Representative Carswell: I move that Judge Lawson finish the report that he wishes to make-I move that he_ :finish representing the Trustees and say everything that he wants to and then we divide this thing on the :financial end or any other end, and then have Judge Lawson and the other witnesses
28

that want to come :forward and then we can embody it in our report.

The motion being duly ,seconded, was put and unanimously carried.

Representative; Tuggle: I move that we request the Board of Trustees to furnish us with the report in writing, as to any changes in the Jaw or anything that they think will be for the good of the Institution.

The motion being duly seconded, was put and unanimously carried.

Upon motion, duly seconded, the Committe-e then wei1t into executl.ve session.

Immediately after the adjournment of the e:x:ecu-

t1ve sess.lon, .Judge Lawson proceeded to read the

reply Qf the Board of Trustees to the report of the

0

.

Westmoreland Committee, as follows:

''Through the courtesy of Govern,or Joseph M. Brown, the Trustees of the State Sanitarium are permitted to make the following reply to such parts of the report of Messrs. Westmoreland and Grantland, Commissioners recently employed in the investigation of the management of the Sanitarium, as they deem it proper to notice.
"These observations are not intended to be so much a criticism upon the report as a correction of the errors which gentlemen, unfamiliar with the In. stiti:ltion and i-ts management, are liable in such n limited investigation to commit.
29

~ ~ :"''{' :-
"

l

''The reply willfollow the order observed in the report.

I

i

''The first impression made upon the minds of the Trustees is that these two Commissioners after

I
t

r~ading the false and libelous charges so vociferously promulgated against the officers of the Sani-

'

t.a.. riu. m naturally became infected with the s. uspicion

that something s.eriously wrong was permitted to go

on there, and ,that having inspected the Sanitariu_m,

and having heard all the evidence pro and con bear-

ing on the charges, and failing to find the wrongs

they expected to exist, they yet could not entirely

I '

divest themselves of the suspicion previously en

t
.,jl

gendered. Their impression is based on the follow~

ing consic~erations:

f
I

"1st. The Commissioners nowhere allude to the fact that their investigation-~ was instituted at

l

the request of the Superintendent and his Metlical

I'

I

Staff. They leave it to be inferred that the investi-

gation was initiated and conducted without the con-

sent or co-operation of the persons accused of mis-

conduct, and fail to give them credit for the courage

of conscious innocence in demanding it.

"2nd. Theyseem to have originally intended to

conduct. the investigation in the absence ?f the .per-

sons accused, inasmuch as' they held an autopsy upon

the remains of the negro farmer, and proceeded for

two days to hear evidence preferred against the

r I
t

officers in the abs~nce of, and without any not:lce

whatever to, -these officers of their purpose to. begin

'I

the investigation.

I

30

''True, they afterward came to the Institution, and were as liberal as they could be in hearing the evidence on both sides. Perhaps the advice of _the able lawyer and j_urist who made one of their number and who does not join in their repoi't induced them to reconsider their purpose.
'' 3rd. while they _recommend certain reforms at the Sanitarium, and denounce as 'criminal neg~ lect' the conduct of the Trustees in case they fail to inaugurate them, they do not specifically and distinctly state, but only obscurely and with seeming reluctance admit, that the Superintendent and T'rustees have, year after year, pleaded with the General Assembly of the State for money to inaugurate these very reforms that they recommend.
"With more than 3,000 persons of all classes and conditions, including some of the most intractable specimens of humanity, involuntarily confined in the Institution, and day by day revolting against its restraints, and with none but persons of common human feelings and passions to attend, control and care for them, no sane person can expect anything else than that some abuses should occasionally occur. In the very nature of things, it is impossible that ideal conditions should be maintained. If- the attendants could be secured who would without emotion, resentment, or passion, permit the patients to spit in their faces, pull their hair, tear their clothing off of them, and assault and perhaps kill them, there might occur no instance of the mal-treatment of patients. But such a class of attendants would be
31

1

worthless if we had them. Only men with virile

'I

feelings and principles, tempered with patience and

I

i

sympathy, and an ever-present consciousness that

~

the patients are wholly irresponsible for acts of vio-:

lence and turbulence, can perform the duties whioh

their positions require. Lunatics have to be re-

strained for their own good, and for the security of

others; yet restrained with a gentle hand, and the

duties. of attendants are in some respects more ob-

noxious than menial service. They are indeed re-

volting, and sometimes loathsome, and the marvel

is that self-respecting men can be employed to per-

form them at any wage.

"The certainty that their livelihood is always , .,.~

assured despite financial panics, short crops, low

1

prices, and all other trouble, is perhaps the only inducement they have t.o engage in such a distasteful

I

occupatio11. Asylums cannot be conducted on the speculations of theorists and idealists, and experi-

ences in city hospitals where sane people, few in

number by comparison, are treated, furnish no cri-

teria for the treatment of the insane.

"ERRORS IN REPORT.

''1st. They report that the deaths of tuberculo-

I

sis patients for the last five years were one in seven

I

of the annual number of patients. This statement

is wide of the mark. During the last five years there

were treated in the Sanitarium 7,320 patients, of

whom 639 died of ti1berculosis-a ratio of 1 to 13:1;2

and not 1 to 7.

'' Durjng the year 1908 there were 4,095 patients treated, of whom 91 died of tuberculosis; a ratio of 1 in 45. Of the white patients, among whom this disease is Jess speedily fatal than among negro patients, the ratio was one in 105.

"2nd. They report that the recOTds of the Sani-

' I

tarium show that nearly all the tuberculosis patients

\

were infectec1 after reaching the Sanitarium. The

Trustees -submit that the records properly inter-

preted ca.nnot show such facts. They are informed

by high medical authority that it is impossible to

tell in every instance wben a person is infected with

the disease; that the germs of the disease 111ay lurk

in the system for a year or more before they mani-

fest the.ms.elves.

'' 3rd. They report that' there were 48.3 per cent. of active tub~rculosis from post mortem examinations. This is true of the year 1906. Post mortem examinations are hel.d only upon unclaimed bodies of negroes, and in 1908 the per cent. of active tuber-culosis was 37.83, an improvement of 10.47 per cent. B-i1t what does this prove~

"4th. They report t)1at the pavilions for the hegro patients are "worse than useless for the purpose intended." The Trustees think that their defects ought to have been pointed out when the Commissioners were on the ground, so that they could have been corrected if their suggestions were thought wise ancl feasible.

''These pavilions were built under the super-
33

i
:j

12-inv

vislOn of the late Dr. Powell, Superii1tendent. He ranked with the leaders of the medical profession of the United States in the treatment of mental diseases, and for his unexcelled philanthropy in the treatment of the insane. vVe have on the Board of Trustees the only specialist in Georgia that we know of, save the Medical Staff here, in the treatment of mental and nervous diseases. He thinks that these pavilions are of great benefit. So also thinks the Medical Staff. So far as we know, neither of these Commissioners ever had any experience in the treatment of the insane. Under these circumstances, we cannot accept the bald ipse dixit of these gentlemen in prefBrence to the judgment of the nble men above referred to.
''5th. These officials would have dealt more kindly with the officin1s at the Sanitarium if they had reported what is tr~1e, namely, thnt the Trustees have appeared before the General Assembly mmua1ly for severnl years, and ea-rnestly appealed for money sufficient to bu~ld four houses for the segregation of the tuberculosis patients. They have furnished us no more light on this subject than we have had for years past.
"Neither have they given us any new light on the subject of epileptics, idiots, and feeble-minded children. If they had omitted all statements of their own, and had transferred to their report selections from the annual report of the Superintendent and Trustees for some years past, it would have lost nothing of its clenrness and force.
34

I I
I
"vVhat they say of the employment of the patients in useful occupatiOifS accords with our own observation. They have been thus employed at the Sanitarium foi several years. Let it be remem~ bered, however, that they cannot be coerced to engage in these occupations.. What they do, they do voluntarily. If they refuse to work, and many of them do, that is-the end of it.
''REPAIRs ON BuiLDINGS .
. ''The report may convey to some reader the erro_neous impression that the buildings are neglected. A corps of carpenters, plumbers, and fii.nners, contracted with by the year, are constantly engaged under the supervision of the Engineer, in the work of repair-ing, renovating and renewing. We cannot overtake the work, and never expect to overtake it until we are furnished with money sufficient to employ a larger number of mechanics. As evidence of the onoTmous amount of woi'l{; required for repairing we will state, in part, the number and char7 acteT of buildings here-some of them being very old. On the Sanitarium grounds proper there are 14 large brick buildings, 3 and 4 stories high, with tin an_cl slate roofs, and containing 17 acres of floor space; there are 14 wooden cottages, 3 to 6 rooms, shingle roofs; there are two water plants, pumps, .boilers, a steam laundry, workshop, gas plant, ice plant, barns and stables, 2 large dairies and 16 steam boilers from 25 to 1Ll6 horsepower. Besides these there are 32 miles of water, sewer and gas pipes, and about or quite two !Jl;il~s of electric wire.
35

At the Colony, or Sanitarium Farm, there are 2 cottages, 3 and4rooms, ap.d 5 buildings for patients; 2 large two-story barns, 2 corn cribs, a grist mill, :water plant and gas plant. These are the principal subjects; it is impossible to enumerate everything, such as house furnishings, etc., etc., that is constantly undergoing. deterioration and destruction by patients. It is evident, therefore, that a large force of mechanics is required in this work, and that it is not remarkable that the need of repairs' is always advancing as fast as the work can be done and can
never .pe overtaken until we are able to employ a
larger force of mechanics.
''ExERCISE YARDS.
'' vVhen these Trus,tees came into office, they found the buildings and grounds in shape and size just as they are. The waJls do, in a measure, obstruct the winds. The winds, however, do come in over them, and the yards, having no roofs over them, do furnish an abundance. of fresh air. They are not shadeless as the report states ; only one of them is so, and that because it is appurtenant-to new build- ings, and the trees transplanted in them are not old enough to produce shade. If the walks were paved with marble instead of with c~nders, as they recommend, it would not be wise to allow the patients to use them in rainy weather, because they would sit and lie upon the wet grass and ground, and be liable to contract fatal diseases. The walls are nearly two miles long; are twelve feet high and one foot thick, and are indispensable to the safe-k~eping and pri-
36

vacy of patients. A wire enclosure would ensure their afe-keeping, but not privacy; it would answer for a penitentiary where sane people are confined, but not for an asylum for the rinsane-. The Sanitarium is a public institution; it is visited daily, except Sundays, by people from every part of the State, and occasionally from other States, and sometimes from foreign lands; there are- public roads through the grounds, and a railway st-ation very near two of these yards ; laborers employed here, and convalescing patients are constantly passing to and fro over the grolmds. Under these circumstances, it would be impossible without walls to preserve the privacy of the patients who us~ the recte~ ation yards. Many of them, perhaps all of. them at intervals, are totally deprived of reason; they cannot appreciate the virtues of modesty and decency, and are sometimes reckless in exposing their persons-even to nudity. Anyone can imagine what would occur if such patients were confined in wire enclosuies. The retention of the- walls cannot, therefore, be considered from any rational point of view as a 'penitentiary method of restraint.'
ATTENDANTS.
"They may be considered in relation to their duties as nurses for the male patients. The Medical Staff think that their delinquencies and de:fioiencies were very much overstated in this report. That ''on the witness stand they were untruthful" does not seem credible to those who know them well. They may have been reluctant, embarrassed, nervous and
37

...~ ~ .:J_,- .,

~

!
.
l

i

perplexed by numerous questions, but that they were all guilty of intentional false-swearing would be- a

I

remarkable phenomenon. They are as fine a class

l

of men as can be secured at the wage which the annual appropriations to the Sanitarium authorize us

to pay. Their wage is $20.00 and $25.00 per month.

vVe realize that this wage is inadequate for the serv-

ices required of them, for during their hours of serv-

ice, they are confined just as the patients are, and

the service required of them is onerous, repulsive

I
J ~ .

and dangerous. They are also, under the rules of the Institution, subject to be discharged, if they . speak harshly to, or commit unnecessary violence up.on, a patient. This is a har'd rule to observe when it is remembered that all maniacal and refractory patients have to be put under restraint, whiclLre-

I

straint they resist with all their might, rising in the

I

ecstacy of their paroxysms to superhuman strength,

I

I

and that the attendant is often the victim of violent

assaults on ~he part of the patients.

MISTREATMENT OF PATIENTS.

"The records of the Sanitarium show that within

the last two years, six attendants have been dis-

charged for the above offense. This fact _is a suffi-

cient refutation of the false -assertation (not in the repor~t) that the officials of the Sanitarium tolerate_

and condone offenses of this chara"cter. In one of

these instances it was shown that the attendant and

the patient (Lingould) were engaged in sport, and

that the hurt was accidental and unintentional. The

.!.

evidence before the Commission shows without the

38

r -

shadow of a doubt that the grave charge made by

..~

Dr. Arrowood was not only false, but that there was

;-ll

nothing even of a plausible character_ upon which

it could have been founded. J!t was a wholly gratui-

tous slander. It was shown by incontrovertible

proof, and by witnesses of the highest character be-

fore the Commi~sion (though the report merely

hints at it), that Dunning1ton, who made a series of

false charges against the Institution, was a lup.atic,

a degenerate, and a most turbulent and tr1oubiesome

patient while in the Sanitarium, and that he nott only

promulgated atrocious falsehoods against the Insti-

tution himself, but that he induced _and persuaded a

female witness to do the same. -whether Lawson's statement is true or not, it is i:rnpossible to say~ No

one seems to have witnessed the hurt which he re-

ceived, and by indisputable evidence it was shown

that at .times he manifested an extraordinary. case

of dementia, and that he was accustomed to abuse

and hurt himself. To say the least of it, his state-

ment is exceedingly doubtful. in the other case, of

Pool, it was shown (though the report is silent em

the subject) that the attendant did not break his

nose, but on the contrary, Pool broke the attend-

ant's nose.,-the scar on the nose being exhibited.

From the evidence in this case, the Commissioners

come to the conclusion that Hawkins, the alleged

offender, is unfit to serve as an attendant. On the

other hand, he is one of the oldest attendants in the

Insttitution, and i's thought by the Superintendent

and others to be one of the most efficient and trust-

worthy.

39

''The charges of Arrowood and Dunnington are

'.!

the sole causes of the appointment of the Commis-

sion, and of the prosecution of this investigation.

The charges of Arrowood were shown to be false in

toto, and the charges of Dunnington were shown to

be false in every essential particular. All the

charges made by them were made.for tl1e malignant

purpose of bringing officers of the Sanitarium into

disrepute, and to produce the impression that they

were brutal in character and habits, a:ild altogether

indifferent to the welfare of the patients under their

care, and yet it is upon the bare statements of such

iuesponsible creatures as these that certain news-

paper ed~tors in this State, in their pruriency for

something sensational, careless whether it be true

or. false, and heedless of the unhappiness and anxiety

which the publication of such stuff may create in the

minds of those who have relatives in this Institution,

and who have no means of knowing whether such

stuff be true, publish and circula,te throughout the

State the most reckless, libelous and dam.2ging arti-

cles against the State's most noble charity.

"That a few instances of miseonduct occur is unavoidable; that many more do not occur is marvelous. There was not a scintilla of proof offered to show that the Superintendent or any one of his Medica] 8taff was negligent or derelict in the dis- charge of his duty.

''The censure of the Commission falls upon the Trustees only, and this is true, we presume, because

40

the Commissioners have no experience in the management of such an Institutim1.

"We come now to the concluding paragraph of

the report.

.

''The report suggests that the books at the Sani-

tarium be annually audited hy an Auditing Com-

pany. There is no objection to that. But lest

someone may infer that there is something wrong

wi;th the books, we will state that they are carefully

audited, item by item, every thirty days hy :five gen-

tlemen of the Board of Trustees who constitute the

Executive and Finance Committees of the Board.

The claims against the Institution are audited and

approved before they are pa:id, and after they are

paid they are again audited. All purchases, ex-

,cept of produce brought in from the country round,

are made from S'amples furnished by competitive

bidders. The lowest bids, conside!ing the quality

of the samples, are invariably accepted. The

samples accompanying the aocepted bids are pre-

served, and if the goods afterwards furnished do

not correspond in quality with the samples, they are

rejected. The monies of the Banitarium are kept

by its Treasurer in one of .the Milledgeville banks.

He makes a report to the Finance Committee every

thirty days of the status of the funds,- supported by

the oath of either the President or Cashier of the

bank, showing the balance in the hank to the credit

of the Institution. The Treasurer and Steward fur-

nish bonds of a solvent_ Surety Company for a sum

in excess of any that they ever have in hand at one

41

time. The Steward has held this office for twenty I
years; all payments, except for country produce mentioned, are made by him in checks upon the Treasurer; and during these many years he has handled his books with such absolute accuracy that no error exceeding 25 cents, and ,that against himself, has ever been found.
''As before stated, the Commission having found nothing but what was to be reasonably expected in the management of the Institution on the part of its officers and its subordinates, turn their attention to - the Trustees. They virtually assert that a bala~ce of $9,917.55 which was left over in the year 1906 should have been used for the erection of houses for tubercul,ous patients. The Commissioners must have viewed their surroundings through the big end of a funnel. Their perspective was not .broad enough for them to perceive tha't there were 3,000 other patients whose welfare. had to be diligently cared for. They did not perceive that in the next year (1907) the welfare of the patients and the care of the buildings not only imperatively required the expenditure of the balance mentioned and the appropriat~on of $_':. ______ for that year by the State, but also required an additional sum of $2,676.23, leaving the Institution in debt for that sum at the end of the year. They do'not know that. the balance of $9,917.55 was appropriated for the ''support and maintenance" of the Institution, and that the Trustees had .no right to divert ~t to the erection of new buildings, unless it became necessary to put up a new building in place of one destroyed or worn out. If this money
42

had been used in. any other way than for the general

purposes of the Institution, the T'rustees cquld have

been ji.lStly charged with dereliction in- office. They

also virtually assert that the money used in building

silos and a new dairy to take the place of an ~old and

unsanitary one, ought to have been used in building

houses for the care of the tuberculous patients. The

dairy cost about $2,500.00 and the silos less than

$1,200.00, and they are b'ililt to en'dure for all time,

if such be possible. The:re is no building on the

grounds more indispensable ilo the welfare of al~the

pa_tients than a dairy; milk is a necessary article of

d~et for the sick, and it cannot be procured in

sufficient quantity unless it is produced at the Sani-

tarium. To produce milk, we must have dairies, and

.J
,,'
;J

must keep and feed cows, and the raising of ensilage and its storage in silos for winter feed is, in the

'

opinion of expert dairymen, the best and most eco..

nomical food that can be used. vVe have thus made

provision for keeping 150 milk cows. If the

Trustees could have lawfully used the money that

went into the dairy and Bilos for the erection of

houses for the segregation of tuberculous. patients,

it is their opinion tha:t the- sum was not more than

enough for. the erection of one h~use. Four houses

are required, two for 'the whites, male and female,.

and two for the negro patients.

''They should be of an endming quality, should correspond in some measure to the quality and design in the other buildings; should protect the -patients from winter-colcl and summer heat, and be
43

.

so arranged as to be comfortable and contributory to their health at all times and seasons.
"Besides many prosperous business and professional mm who were on the Board of Trustees during the time of their alleged neglect of the tuberculous patients, there were the following physicians whose learning in such matters ought to hav-e, been been relied on by. the laymen: Eugene Foster, of Augusta, long the chief health officm; in that city, and for 15 years a member of and President of the
Board of Trustees of the Sanitarium; vV. S. Elkin, of Atlanta; W. vV. Pilcher, of Warrenton; J as. B.
Baird, of Atlanta; C. J. Montgomery, of Augusta;
vV. F. Brunner, Chief Health Officer in .Savannah;
E. Hates Block, of Atlanta; J. Frank Harris, of Pavo; Thos. R. Wright, of Augusta and Thos. M. I-I~ll,' of Milledgeville. Meanwhile, the Trustees were aided and instructed in their work by Dr. T. 0. Powell, Superintendent of the Institution for 28 years, every pulse of whose great heart beat ii]. sympathy toward all the unfortunate people consigned to his care; and by an able corps of assistant physicians.
''The Trust~es are also supported by the very able and distingushed jurist who served on the
Commission, viz: Judge vV. F. Jenkins, whose dear
acumen and sound judgment lead him to differ with his colleagues on this subject. And last, if it may be spoken without egotism, the Trustees are sustained by' their own convictions of duty i? the premises; _while they give such value to the opinions of the
44

Commissioners as they esteem them to be worth, they dare not abdicate their own judgment in respect to what is required of them in the management of this great trust.
''The Institution is spoken of as ''Sleepy Hollow," and its of-ficers characterized as "drifting into a rut and need digging out.'' vVhat truth is there in that statement~ We will furnish some facts, and allow each reader to form his own opinion on them. Dr. T'. 0. Powell, who untiltwo years ago, had been the incomparable head of this Institution for 28 years, was at different times during his inci.lmbency, the President of the :Medico-Psychological Association of the United States and Canada, which is an association composed of all the executive heads of all the hospitals, asylums and sanitariums for the insane, oth public and private, in the United States and Canada; the President of the Southern Association of Southern Hospitals; the President of the :Medical Association of Georgia, and a member of the American Medical Association. He well understood the design of these institutions, and was among the :first to avail himself of every forward step gained in l1is profession, and among the :first to put in operation every ref01;m in hospital service; incleeclj he was the :first, as we are informed, to discard all "penitentiary methods of restraint," and all irritating mechanical devices used in sub-cluing and restraining refractory patients. He also had visited and inspected many of the Asylums for the Insane in different States, North and South, and -was well acquainted with their management. The
45

Medical Staff of the Institution is an able one; some of them would not suffer by comparison with these Commissioners either in character, natural endowments, professional attainments, experience or skill in the treatment of disease. They read medical books and journals as they are publ~shed; attend ~ the sessions of the Medical Association when they can be spared, and are alert in their efforts to discover every advance in the medical profession. The Superintendent is sent to the Annual Sessions of the Medico-Psychological Association of the United StateS' and Canada to see what the other States are doing in the line of his work, and is instructed to visit all institutions for the insnne within his reach. The pendency of this investigntion prohibited his attendance on the last i:Gssion. An intelligent member of the Medical Staff, who has given much attention to the treatment of tuberculosis was sent as a delegate to the International Congress for Tuberculosis, which convened in vVashington, D. C., last October, in order that he might learn the most advanced nnd scientific methods of treating this disease that is now used by the most illustrious scientists of every country. The Medical Staff are stimulated to the highest achievements in their present situations by the noblest ambition that can
inspire a professional man; namely, the desire to
win honorable success here; to rise to fame as the
head of his profession, and to become the head of
this Institution or of one of like character. Of those who have recently gone out from this Institution, one is the Executive head of the State Epileptic
46

Colony at Parsons, Kansas, and the other il_ssistant to the Superintendent of Rockefeller Institute for Scientific Research, New York City. New York and 'Kansas would scar~cely go to "Sleepy Hollow" in search of men to preside over their great institutions. Doubtless the Commissioners were pro. foundly ignorant of all these facts and will be astounded to learn that they are true.
''In 1908 the cures were 49 per cent. in number of those received for treatment, and this is. the best statement by which to judge the value of the Institution.
''The thrust at the Superintendent is wholly undeserved. He is a Christian gentleman of stainless character, and a physician of prono1mcecl skill and attainments in his profession. .As .Assistant Physician he served the Institution for 2~ years without aught of criticism either of his conduct or proficiency, and has served it nearly two years as Superintendent, giving entire satisfaction . to the Trustees. He is a" safe and sane" executive officer and business man, and conservative and cautious in the administration of its affairs. .A man of these characteristics is needed at. the helm; an erratic, rash and reckless innovator would inevitaby bring the Institution into disrepute. Considering the lack of experience in such work on the part of the ComlJ?.issioners, we would suppose that they would have exhibited a little more modesty in dealing out their criticisms .upon our honored and experienced officers.
47

"vVe are grati:fied to know that the Commission
discovered that the "basic wrong at the Asylum is due to the small appropriations they receive from the State.'? While the admission seems inconsistent with other parts of the report, wherein the Trustees are reproved for not doing things that were impossible to be done for lack of money, yet we accept it as the sanest conclusion that they were able to reach. The Institution has been handicapped by lack of money through all the years that it has lived.

''The Trustees have endeavored from year to

year to impress on the Legislature the fact that the

Institution could not. be creditably conducted upon

l

the meager appropriation received. They have never asked for the whole that was needed, and have

I

never been granted what they asked. They have keenly felt. the humiliation of being compelled to

I
I

conduct the Institution at a daily expenditure of 30 to 35 cents per capita. If the Commission will in-

duce the Legislature to appropriate a per diem of

50 cents per capita, as they wisely recommend that

the Institution should have for its successful opera-

tion, the Trustees will guarantee the completion of

all impTovements that they Tecommend, and which

the T'rustees have so earnestly desired to inaugu-

rate, and also to achieve many other necessary im-

provements which they do not refer to."

Judge Lawson then asked and was given permission to read a supplement to the report just read by the Trustees, as follows:

''The Committee assenting, the Trustees of the

48

State Sanitarium beg leave to submit the following supplement to the reports heretofore made to you, to-wit:

'' 1. A table from the Annual Reports for 1908, of 86 Sanitariums, etc., located in 34 Stati:ls including the District of Columbia, showing the number of patients treated in each one, and the yearly and daily expenses to each patient.
(The document here referred to has been heretofore embodied in the proceedings.)

'' 2. A table from the same sources showing the number of deaths therein from all causes, the number of deaths from tuberculosis, and the percentage of d~eaths from tuberculosis. Also, showing the percentage of deaths from tuberculosis among the negroes S!'lparately.
(The document here referred to has also been heretofore embodied in the proceedings.)

"3. Also, a comparative statement of the percentage of deaths among the white population in these institutions, taken by States, from all causes, and the percentage of deaths from tuberculosis.
(This document has also been heretofore embodied in these proceedings.)

"4. A report recently made by Drs. Wright,

. ,,

Hall and Block to the Trustees of the Sanitarium.

(This document ~ill be found immediately following this supplemental report.)

49

"All the foregoing documents now being in the hands of the Committee.
"We suggest also the following legislation in behalf of the Sanitarium:

'' 1. An annual appropriation for the Institution. mnoTinting to :fifty cents per capita per day. T~is amount we think will be adequate to meet all ordinary expenses.

"In default of such appropriation, the Institu-

tion will need $15,000.00 for erecting wards for the tuberculou~ patients, $15,000.00 for constructing a

reservoir for storage of water; $30,000.00 for erect-

ing a hospital for care of acute cases of diseases

(not m~ntal) such as pneumonia, typhoid fever, etc.,

and injuries to patients and employees.



'' 2. And that the laws be amended so that, sane epileptics; senile and harmless imbeciles, and feebleminded children have other provision made for them, and that they be not sent to the Sanitarium.

'' 3. So that there may be nine Trl.1stees for the Sanitarium; that at the :first appointment, 3 shall be appointed for 2 years; 3 for 4 years, and 3 for: 6 years, and thereafter three shall be appointed every two years for a term of 6 years.
"The Institution has grown too large, ant1 its interests too enormous for it to be intrusted every two yeais to the management of inexperienced men. This change would not affect the present nor the next Board.
50

"4. So that the adult relatives of a patient may waive the ten days notice of a trial for lunacy now required to be given them. This change in the law would relieve from confinement in :filthy jails, awaiting trial, many refined and respectable people who are not criminals, but sufferers from the direst calamity that can befall a human being.

"5. So that in trials for lunacy or other cause

authorizing a commitment to the Sanitarium, the

Ordinary of the County sha11 preside over the court,

administer oat11s and examine witnesses. He sl1all

appoint a guardian ad litem for the- person to be

tried, and in every case, the evidence shall be taken
down in writing, and a certified copy thereof, !n case

of committal, shall be sent to the Sanitarium along

with the patient, and the Superintendent shall be

-j
~ '.i

authorized to refuse such patient unless a copy of

the evidence shall be so furnished.

'' 6. So that any person who brings a patient to the Sanitarium, and who shall without the consen.t of the Superintendent leave or abandon such patient on the .Sanitarium grounds, shall be arrested and tried for the same in the courts of Baldwin County having jurisdiction of criminal offenses, and on conviction shall be punished as for a misdemeanor.

"7. So that the Trustees may have power to select an attorney at law as their legal adviser."

''The Board of Trustees by its President, Trros. G. LAwsoN.

51

The report of the special committee appointed by the Board of Trustees, made to the Board of TJustees is as follows:
''HoNORABLE BoARD OF TRUSTEEs,
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM,
Milledgeville, Geqrgia.
Jl!h. Presi'd'eni anc( Gentlenten,:-Y,our . Committee under the resolution passed at the July meeting beg leave to submit this their report:
Before l~ndertaking our task it was deemed best to request your Superintendent to get from his Staff such suggestions as. they thought would be for the good of the Sanitarium, and improve the 'Work on their respective sections. Our request was at once cheerfully complied with, and the report sent through the Superintendent to your Committee.
The suggestions contained in these reports showed not only the great interest taken in the work by your entire Staff, but was also of great assistance to the Committee in their work. In order to make a better comparison with your Institution, it was thought best to visit several of the large insane hospitals in the vVest, and then go North and East. This wa~ done, and during the fourteen days of our stay visited. the following hospitals: Central In-. diana Hospital for the Insane at Indianapolis, Ind.; the Toledo and Massilon State Hospitals of Ohio (these hospitals are O!J. the cottage or pavilion plan which is the modern idea); Manhattan State Hos-
52

pital on ward's Island came next, to be followed by

visits to the New Jersey State Hospital at Trenton,

N. J.; the Philadelphia Hospital for the Insane and

the Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia. The

latter, while not a charitable Institution, like that

under your care, was built along the- same line, and

gave us some valuable ideas of hydro-therapy, gym-

nasium, and out of door games and exercise. Our

work of investigation ended with "St. Elizabeth's"

or the Government Hospital for the Insane at Wash-

ington, D. C. At all of these institutions, your Com-

mittee was met with the greatest kinclness and cor-

diality, and every opportunity given them to go

through their buildings to see their various methods

of management and treatment. Just here, it is the

pleasure of your Coirimittee to state, that from the

general standpoint of practical work and results,

our information and observation is such as to enable

us to say, that the Georgia State Sanitarium is -con-

ducted on equally as good lines as any of the institu-

tions we visited. This staten'lent is made with no

spirit of criticism or depreciation, for the Hospitals

visited are all conducted on a high plane, and are

among the best in this country. In many institu-

tions, the reforms which were advocated by the

l_ate Superintendent, Dr. T. 0. Powell and his Board

of Trustees are just being put into practice, and had

the Legislature of Georgia appreciated the great im-

portance of these recommendations and granted the

request of his Board and himself madH thirteen

years ago, the Georgia .State Sanitarium would have

-, been fully abreast and the equal of any insane hos-

53

"

pital in this country. Even ~s it is now,- it has been

a source of surprise and congratulation on the p~rt

of those at the head of similar institutions, that the

Sanitarium under yoi1r care has been able to do such

;

good work and exist at all on the per capita cost of

I
1

34.7c. a day. In fact, so lit~le did this amount appear

r

for the maintenance of 3,100 patients, with the Med-

ical Staff, officers, nurses, attendants and employees

.l

of all kinds, making in the aggregate some 3,700

people, that criticism became so constant we were

loth to mention the per capita. And of the Hospitals

visited, not one of them is maintained at so small an

expense as the one under your care. In the language

of a distinguished alienist: "If the State assumes

the care of her unfortunate insane, it is her plain

duty to provide every facility deemed essential for-

the proper treatment of those people by those who

alone are competent to judge; those who have

studied the work in connection with such institu-

tions.'' Your Committee in order to get as much as

possible out of their work, formulated a plan of

questions which we used for infor:mation and to

invite discussion, which often brought out valuable

points.

The questions are as follows, and we will try to give you their answers and deductions later on in our report:

The Medical Staff, how many andl10w divided? . Reception, examination and detention buildings or wards?
Manner of prese1~ing records 7

54

Existence of a training school~

Number of nurses, hours on and off duty, class of same and attendants~

Number of patients and per capita cosU

The manner of keeping sane and insane epileptics, criminal insane, and feeble-minded~

Care of the tubercular patients~

Infirmary and hospital arrangements?

Operative work?

Cleanliness of patients and institutions?

Food, kitchen and dining room arrangement, diet, sheets, etc.~

A Dentist~



''

Electro and hydro-therapy; value of each?

vVork, recreation and amusement~

Autopsies. How obtained~

Pathological wo;rk and its importance 7

Library for Staff and Nurses 7

Staff meetings~ -

Taking up our first question.-The Staff:

In Hospitals with less than 2,000 patients, we find the arrangement is like that of your Institution-a Superintendent, first asStistant, assistants and pathologist. In larger hospitals, the staff is composed of a Superintendent, who is the executive head, 2 :first'assistants, one for each male and female division, with assistant phy.sicians under them.

55

1

r 1

The Clinical Director comes next, whose duty is

to look after the patients, classifying and assigning

them to the respective sections. Aside from this, he

is to preside at the clinical conferences or staff meet-

ings, which are held daily in the early morning, and

all medical officers are _(3Xpected to be present. Here

cases for admission or discharge are considered, ob-

scure cases and those of difficult diagnosis gone over

and discussed, and cases of special interest made the

subject of study.

In every hospital where this was in practice, it was thought to be of utmost importance and value, not only for the Staff, but to the patients. Your Committee believes, and would recommend that you give this matter your careful consideration, for we think that its adoption would not only lessen the arduous duties of the Superinten~1ent, but get better, more efficient and scientific work from his assistants. Your Committee has also noticed that the Medical Staff of our Hospital, as in many others, is too smalL an,d out of proportion to the number of patients cared for. We recommend an increase of two physicians on the staff and of two internes. It is also of interest to state that your Medical Staff, wliile having an average of 339 to 340 patients to each physician, do not have more under their care than do the medical officers in many of the large hospitals of the country. The same is also true of the nurses and attendants. It must also be remembered that one physician can care for many more of the chronic and harmless. insane than hecan of the acute, dist~ubed or violent patients.

56

I
i

We found with few exceptions, that each institu-

tion now had what is known as a psycopa.thic or re-

ception ancl detention building, where acute cases

are put to bed for a sufficient length of time for

diagnosis, and then transferred to the section for

further treatment. It is claimed by many superin-

tendents that this method of dealing with patients,

not only shortens the. stay in the hospital of many,

but not infrequently they recover without being sent

to the main section or division..
---~;
In this building, examinations are made imd care-

ful histories taken, so as to get all possible light

upon each individual case; the records are then

written up to be carefully :filed away in a suitable

:fire. proof safe or vault. The great importance of

,i

keeping these records is patent, not only from a

:.::. "
..<

medico-legal standpoint, but for easy reference.

The writing up of these papers should be done by

stenographe:rs as the physicians dictate, and so save

a great deal of work. Your Committee believes that

a building for the purpose just named would be of

great value, but if not able to get this, then some part

of the present ones should be :fitted up for this pur.-

pose.

Along with this suggestion, comes the adoption of
. some good form of records and requiring the staff
to carry them out. In order to fully facilitate the work of taking and keeping the records, the employing of at least three typewriters will be needed.,

57

TRAINING SCHOOLS:-vVith but one exception, we foulfd a training school for nurses in connection with insane hospitals. It is now looked upon as a necess-ity, for thorough and systematic training of nurses renders them able to give more intelligent __./and better care to the patients under their charge. vVe hereby recommend the establishment of a training school in your Sanitarium, the plans for which we have, they having been drawn up at the request of the Board in 1907, and with a few changes, should be adopted. Along with the establishing of a training school for nurses, there should be a Nurses' Home, independent and apart from the other buildings, where their rest and recreation would be undisturbed.
Looking into tbe per capita cost of maintaining patients, we find that it is computed differently in the different hospitals; some not including all expenses in their calculations, as is done in this Institution. From a close and careful analysis of the per capita (per diem) of the 79 insane hospitals i1~ this country, the cost of the Georgia State Sanitarium is the lowest with but two exceptions; i. e., Louisiana State Hospital, 34c. and the Central State Hospital (negro),' Petersburg, Virginia. Your cost of maintenance is entirely too low as shown by the fact j1Ist stated, and it should be increased. That the State Sanitarium has been run for so small an amount, 34.7c., also reflects great care and credit upon its management.
Tl1e necessity of keeping the sane rmd insane epi-
58

leptics, the criminal insane, and the feeble-minded in

the same buildings and wards is condemned and de-

plored, and should not be allowed. It is unjust~ and

not for the best interest of the patients or Sanita-

rium. Attention to this was advocated in the report

of the Trustees in 1902. Your Committee eaTnestly

hopes that the recommendations so often made by

the Board in connection with the class of patients

just mentioned be continued, and the necessity urged upon the Legislature of es~ablishing separate and

distinct buildings for their care. The management

I,_

of the tubercular insane seem's to have been a

problem in many insane hospitals. The importance

of this subject can not be oveTestimatecl, and it is the

desire of those in chaTge of every hospital to segre-

i

gate these people. In this connection, we found in,

some institutions their manner of isolating and

caring for those pat~ents was no better than yours,

the cause of this, as with your Institution, is the

need of money. In some instances, recreating

piazzas have been turned into tubercular wards. In

others, they are kept in the large wards of the build-

ings. At W arcl 's Island, New York, Philadelphia

Hospital, and at St. Elizabeth's, Washipgton, D. C.,

they have cheaply built lJavilions or wooden shacks

like the one now in use at your negro building. In

some instances, they are kept with the old bed-ridden

and harmless insane for the want of sufficient room,

and secondly, on the idea that these poor un-

fortunates can do each other but little harm. While

no doubt this plan is the best that can be clone for

the want of I;oom and money, still it does not seem

59

JUSt or fair to the poor unfortunates of either class.

Your Committee again begs leave to refer to the

pathetic appeal of the late Superintendent Powell,

for the tubercular patientf? under his care, as shown

in his report of 1902. Along this line, let it also be

remembered, that appeal after appeal for means to

properly care for these patients has been made in

every report from this Board for the past eight

years, and until your requests are granted, your

Committee suggests and urges that the appeal be

continued. _ vVe also suggest the advisability of

seeing if some parts of the present buildings cannot

be set aside and arranged for these people. It

must also be kept in mind that our requirements,

like those of other institutions in the South, demand

,f'Jl.

not only the separation of the races in distinct wards, and buildings, but also means a greater expense for

their care.

In the matter of infirmaries and hospitals, the connection with insane hospitals, we found that while infirmaries were in the same buildings, the hospitals are separate and distinct, and are used for the acutely sick and injured. In the hospital buildings used, there are not only rooms for nurses and attendants, b~1t nicely arranged and equipped operating rooms in which the emergency or surgical operations can be safely done. Surgical operations, however, are never performed except by the written consent of the family or .relatives, or for extremely -urgent cases.

In the matter of the care, treatment and cleanJi-
60

ness of patients, and the sanitary conditions of the Institutions visited, we found them no better, if as good, as in the one under your care, and especially is this true where the buildings are old and of the same style as m~ny of the buildings here. We took special pains to look into this, and were glad to :find this Sanitarium was not in the background.
OF FOOD, KITCHEN AND DINING ROOM ARRANGEMENTS:-We were allowed to make every possible investigation, being shown through the kitchens, bakeries and cold storage plants, as well as through the dining rooms, whether congre~ gate or in wards, so as to see the patients at table, the. kind and quality of food, and the manner in which it was served. In every hospital but two that we visited, your Committee ate the same food as that served the patients, in the dining room of the Superintendent or of his house officers. And we are g-lad to report these conditions as being practically the same as those in your own Institution, possibly the only difference being in a greater variety of food, and a dessert twice a week.
In the matter of a Dentist on the Staff, such as you have here, there were but two institutions in which such was the case, although the value and importance of such an officer was admitted by all, for not infrequently do gastro intestinal disturbances and neuralgia of the head and face arise from defective teeth and di_seased gums.
It is recommended that your Dentist examine
61

thoroughly the mouth and teeth of each patient, as soon after admission as possible, with the point of putting the teeth in good order. And, as a medicolegal point, a diagram of the mouth and teeth should be made, to be filed away with the records of the case so as to be of service in any injury occurring about the face or mouth later on.
In the matter of Electro and Hydro-therapy: It was noted that the former was looked upon with but little favor as a remedial agent, still it is of some value as an aid to diagnosis and for suggestive treatment. Hydro-therapy is being extensively used, and from what we saw is most highly recommended. A hydro-therapeutic plant to be effective must have an abundant supply of hot and cold water as well as good drainage. It would also be necessary to have some one trained in the handling and management of the plant to get satisfactory results from its use. It was noted that the shower bath in varied forms is f~~st being substituted for the old style bath tub, which is now considered unsanitary, and only used for emersion treatment, which treatment we were told was of great value in cases of acute violent insanity. vVhile realizing fully that to purchase and install a first-class hydro-therapeutic plant would mean an outlay of considerable money, we believe it to be of such importance that we recommend your taking the matter up with the view of having it done.
In the matter of work, recreation and amusement: In but one instance did we find a Superin ten-
62

.... ]

dent wl10 was opposed to having his patients: work,

~.1
.~?l

while on the other hand, he most heartily advocated . recreation, diversion and amusements ~s being of the

greatest value; The general idea of work combined

with amusements was most heartily commended by

all the Su:perintendents of the other institutions we

visited.

In the matter of Autopsies, it is the universal rule that this shall not be done without the written consent of the family of the patient. Probably one of .the most important matters in connection with the modern insane hospital is the pathological laboratOTy under the care of a neuropathologist. while the value of such scientific wo~k as this is not fully appreciated, nor is its results thus far such as hoped for in the treatment of the insane, it is still in its in~ fancy, and 'lilw. all innovations of advancements in science, or medicine, is being slowly and carefully developed. Your Committee believes that this important depnrtment should b~ inaugurated and started on its labors at once. No one not connected with medicine can realize the vast improvement which has taken place in other departments of medicine, and why should we not, then, expect similar goodwork to come from this source'?.

Gentlemen of the Board, bear with your Committee a few minutes longer) review their report) and it is evident that while great and good work is being clone, is it asking too much of the citizens of this great State to urge ~1pon those comprising our Legislative bodies to grant such needed appropriation as
63

will place the Georgia State Sanitarium among the foremost of its kind? "Men who control the appropriations, as a rule, when matters cormected with our institution are pending, mean to do right, and if they fail to make the proper recommendations, it is generally because they do not grasp the importance of the work contemplated;"

Again, on the other hand, "the authorities of the State Institution should be insistent and aggressive in their demands for all that is essential to the proper treatment and care of the unfortunate indi-. vicluals who are placed in their charge.

The State deprives these patients of their homes,

their families, and their liberties as much for the

benefit of the community as for the benefit of the.

.''

patients, and is, therefore, jn duty bound to provide

for their needs. These needs are not confined to

mere custodial care, nursing, good food and clothing,

but include every equipment, device or article which

experience has proven to be of benefit in assisting

the recovery or ameliorating the condition of the

patient.

In dealing with this question, it must be remembered that the individuals committed to our care are not here from choice. They are deprived of their liberty by an act of the State's creation-not only for their own good, but that of the entire community. Is it not right under such circumstances, for the State to provide every facility for the treatment and proper maintenance of these unfortunates~
64

Then ask them when legislation is demanded for the unfortunates of other families, who are just as near and dear to those interested, that they bear in mind the greatest of all precepts for the government of their daily life, viz., The Golden Rule."
Your Committee would also recommend a library and reading room for your staff and nurses, in which books and journals pertaining to the study of mental diseases, as well as other journals of current literahue may be had. As soon as it is possible, we Iecommencl the utilizing of such detached buildings as may be available for the disturbed, noisy and. vulgar who annoy other patients and do away with the possibility of their being benefited. Your Institution, while unable for the want of room and money to separate these unfortunates, has private yards protected by walls, in wl1ich they get the benefit of exercise, fresh air and sunshine, without being made the victims of idle curiosity. The close-wa1led yard was noticed at Philadelphia, Trenton and in part at St. Elizabeth's, vVashington, D. C. vVhere they do not have these yards, this class of unfortunates are kept in doors and so deprived of the great blessings a_lready mentionecl.
Mr. President and fe1low members of the Board, does it not seem strange that, in this day of advanced civilization and enlightenment, possibly not equalled by any period in the world's history, and wherein the possibilities of the human brain seems to have no limit, and where the intellect of man is using every effort to relieve suffering, prolong life
65
inY

and elevate man to his highest state, as shown by the work in prison reform, the effort to banish tuberculosis, cancer and yellow fever and kindred ailments, at the cost of thousands of dollars, that so little is done by those having the power of appropriations to care for our fellow-beings sick in mind, with reason dethroned and intell~ct gone~
THOMAS R. YVRIGHT,
THOMAS :M. HALL,.
E. B. BLOCK,
Committee.''

Pursuant to adjol-irument, the hearing was re-

sumed in the parlor of the Sanitarium, on Wednes-

..~::.

day morning, November lOth, 1909, at 9 o'clock, all

the members of the Qommittee being present except

Senator Akin and Representative Brown, of Fulton.

The following proceedings were had and testi~ mony taken :

DR. L. M. JONES, Sworn, testfied as follows:

I am Superintendent of the Georgia State Sani-

tarium; my duties are to look after the general wel-

fare of the Institution, I am at the head of the whole

. Institution under the direction of the Board of

. I

Trustees-I am their execll.tive offic8r, and all the

I

subordinate officers of the Sanitarium are under my

66

I
I

- immediate supervision; I have no stated times for

visiting the buildings; I make it a point to see the

sick more than anything else; I have a First As-

sistant that makes rounds every week, whose duty it

is to make a round in every building every week -and

report to me-Dr. J. M. Whitaker is the Assistant

Superintendent; he makes a thorough round of the

entire buildjngs once a week, every building, and he ,

keeps me informed about the condition of affairs,

and I go as often as my executive duties will allow

me to go; in addition to his assistance, his work,

there are other 1)hysicians, and every physician has

his work mapped off, the physicians we have, have a

certain number of wards to look after; we have

some eight or ten J?hysicians, we have got a list of

them on our letter heads; in visiting these different

buildings, Dr. Whitaker reports back to me the con-

dition he :finds the different wards in; there is not a

different physician for each one of these buildings

particularly, but each depar:tment, each building has

a certain number of wards; now, for instance this

building-there is some of the pl1ysicians have somA

pa1't of this building a:rid another physician will have

another part in another building and some in this

building,-they don't have a different building, but

they are divided up and give them a certain number

I

of patient.s; every physician reports to me the con-

dition of his service every day, and then Doctor

Whitaker reports to me the general condition of the

buildings and so on, and what is going on, and

his recommendations. I have a report every

day from tl1e physlcians . as to their various

67

I
!

duties, as soon as they make a round and come back, i:hey ~orne' to my office and make a report to me about the condition of theii' patients and so on; in case I find one of the physicians, in their rounds finds a patient very sick, he reports that to me, and then ~ go myself, or call in another physician, if we feel it is necessary; the physicians go through every morning, that's their business, make a general inspection of the patients; they don't go into each room, because the patients aren't in the room, they are in the yards or hall or dormitories, they are not supposed to stay in the rooms; it is the physician's duty to see and know the condition of each patient every day; we have got between three ~mel four hundred patients, upon an average, to each physician; there's a good many of these chronic cases that don't need attention specially, no more than yon would-some of th8l!J: that have been here thirty or forty years, and healthy and strong, they don't need any attention_, it's only the sick, the acute cases that need any attention, one physician could attend a great many of these chronic cases, you know, where you have a chronic case there is no special treatment applrcable to such .cases; as to when the period comes in these cases that we decide it is incurable, that depends upon the general cond:i'tion-the diagnosis of the case, and whether we think the case is chronic or not; under these Doctors in the different wards, we have a Supervisor; the duty of the Supervisor is to go around and see that the halls are kept in order and see that the attendants do their duty, the Super-
68
. I

visors have nothing to do as to waiting on the patients, they only supervise the nurses that they are allotecl to; we have a Supervisor and an Assistant on the white Male Department, and we have a Supervisor a:p.d his wife as Matron in the Negro Dep'artment, and then we hav.e a Matron, what we call a Supervisoress of Nurses in the .White Female Department, and then she has an Assistant; under the direction of these Supervisors, these houses are cleaned, it is the duty of the attendants to keep them clean; the patients are under the control of the at- tendant, with the general supervision of the Supervisor,:--it is his duty to go through the wards every day and see that everything is being carried ou't according to the Doctor's instructions and the duties imposed upon them; I give the physicians general supervision over the nurses, and if there is anything to appeal, they appeal it to me; I say to each physician I have, ''Now, I want you to take charge of this service,'' and I hold him responsible for the service, and if any physician has a nurse that is not satisfactory, I say, ''Get rid of her, don't keep any nurse that is not satisfactory;" I term an attendant a nurse, that applies to male and female; as to the general character of the nurses that we have been enabled to get here, it is a class of country people, generally, that we pick up off the farms,-good average class of country people off theJarms.; the maleS' get from $16.65-we take them on three months' probation, we start them at $16.65 a month~ an~l keep them at that for three months, and if they seem to be satisfactory, why then we put them on wages of $20.00
69
-I

a month, and after they have been here long enough

to be experienced, and we :find their judgment is

good, and they are capable of managing a ward, and

we need a head attendant, why then they get $30.00

a month,-the Head Nurses, that is, the White Male

Department; the duty of that nurse is to keep his

ward clean and look after the pati.ents, I mean by

"look after the patients," to give them their medi-

eine whenever it is necessary, take them to the yards

and take them to the entertainments and take them

to the chapel-all those- kind of things, they have to

do the menial labor of cleansing and bathing the

patients that are unable to bathe themselves,~dress

ingand so forth, it is the duty of the physician to

see that that is done; in case they neglect that, it is

'I

the physician's duty to :find it out,-it is the Super-

i

visor's duty, :first, to see that it is done, it is the_

physician's duty, second, to see that it is done, and

if there is any neglect, why they report it to me, the

report I get is from the Physician-well, I also have

repOTts from the Supervisor, as he goes around and

sees the condition of things; I require him to come

and make a report to me, and he comes and makes

a list of every patient that's in bed or on a special

diet and he gives me a verbal report-the Physician

puts down the condition of the patient and his. ail-

ment, how he is today, whether he is improving,

whether he is better; the Supervisor goes and gets

that list and goes to the Physician and has the Phy-

sician put the condition of the patient on that list;

the Supervisor comes to my office every morning and

gives me the condition of the patients, besides giv-

70

ing me a verbal report; I keep in my office, each day a record of the condition of these patients; we have, I think, between 300 and 340 nurses when we are full to about 3,200 patients, that includes night nurses and day nurses and special attendants and everything of that sort; they get up at light every morning and they are on duty until 9' o'clock that night, the day nurses; of course, they are not at hard work during all that time, but they are on the wards looking atfer their patients, attending to their needs; if any patient needs taking to the bath room and cleansing, they have to do that any time during the day, and then when the night nurse comes on, it is their duty to attend to them during the night; if v:e have any case of special sickness that needs close attention, we put a special nurse on to look after them at night, besides the general nurse that goes through the wards.
We have got an absolute roll of our patients, and I could ascertain the absolute number we have by looking at our roll; we have a book that we take from and add to,-we have a book that we put down the name of the patient and the post-office address of his residence. I think we receive seven or eight,perhaps eight or nine hundred during the year,-I think as well as I remember, between eight and nine hundred during the year, we receive more than we discharge, they are increasing every year, the ratio has been about :fifty net i~crease, some years a few more, some years not so many, but that's about an avel;age,-about :fifty net increase; we discharge i1 good many, a good many die.

I have been here since J nne, 1883 ; as to comparing the health of the whole Institution with that of :five or ten years ago, I haven't made any comparisons about the death ratio; as to whetl~er or not the improved cleanliness and sanitary improvement is redo1mding to the benefit of the Institution, I wouldnot be able to give yon that comparison unless I looked over the books,-it is an old report, yon lmow,:-I could go back to the reports and see how mpny deaths we have and make some comparison, but just off-hand, I couldn't tell you; of course, we are very much better equipped than we were :five or ten years ago, the health of the patients would necessarily be better with the improvements that have been put on it, but there are a great many improvem:ents we didn't have when J came here, for instance, we have pure water,-we used to have water out of the creek,-don :t care how hard it rained, how muddy it got, we had to usG that water,---no :filtration at all; now we have a thorough system of filtration, as good as anybody has got, we had a chemical analysis made of it; and we now have an ice plant ancr cold storage together,-keep our meats and vegetables in, keep them in cold_ storage to keep them pure; and we have sick wards,-infirmary wards, as we all .call them, fitted up with diet kitchens to have little delicacies for the sick, and we have better trained nurses for the sick than we used to have.
The Board used to ~elect our Physicians, but for the last few years we have started what we call the interne-ship, and we take them here on sorter probation, as an interne, and keep them a year or
72

so before we put them on the staff, and the Board has been leaving that to the Sliperintendent to select such men as he thought was proper i we generally select young men to start them; as to whether we get proper service from the young men coming in as internes, my experience is limited, iri so far as my Superintendency is concerned, I have only, so far, had the appointment of one man; now, Dr. Powell, my predecessor, made the appointments prev~ous to that, and he has always got good men; I never have any trouble with my men in neglecting duty, I haven't had occasion to discipline a Physician since I have been Superintendent, it l~as been done here years ago; Physicians have been discharged from the service for different causes, but not since I have been Superintendent of the Institution.
We have eleven buildings on the grounds; we are getting somewhat crowded in the white female department, and we are over crowded in the negro Department, we have about one hundred patients, I reckon, in the female side, and a hundredin the male side, more than the capacity, in the negro building; there are no other buildings on the campus, nothing but the State buildings, the State owns everything on the sixteen hundred acres of land; the unmarried nurses room in the buildings, the married ones rent houses outside, some of them have homes on the State property, some of them have homes of their own, and.some of them rent from other parties, those living on the State's property most of them pay a nominal rent, they don_'t charge them much, some of the engineers and others that they allow to occupy
73

the houses, because they want them close by for emergencies and things like that; some of them don't pay, some of t?em do,-they don't all pay; I furnish my dairyman 'with house, that is understood when I hire them, it is understood that they are to be given houses, that's part of the compensation; and the plumbers get their homes free; there are only a very few houses belonging to the State that we get any money for-some of the attendants pay some rent; we have a building out' here, near the Twin Building, that was on the property when the State bought it,-an old building,-and when the Negro Building was being put up about twenty-five years ago, the contractor put up several buildings down there for his hands to occupy, and when they left, why the State bought them at a small price; they are principally the buildings that we own; there has never been any specially put up for the employees, though, they sorter came in a rotmd-about way; the rental that the nurses have to pay on the property other than. the State property is about :five dollars a month, I rent to some of them, I have got about twenty houses, I reckon, white and colored; I don't know whether any of the rest of the Board of Physicians own property and rent it, I think Mr. Hollingshead owns a few houses that he rents; most of these are rented to employees of the Institution, I do that for the purpose of having them close by if we happen to need them; the way I got to getting these homes arotmd here, there was such a great demand for homes,-the nurses had nowhere to rent, you know, and I would put up a house and had no trou-
74

ble renting to them; I have been building them ever

. -

since I have been here, renting them to the nurses

JVhenever they wanted them.

The Colony Farm is managed by the Assistant

Steward, and we have a man that lives there on the

farm, but our Assistant Steward looks after the

general management of it; I supervise that, tuo, I look

after everything; as to what is the value of the prod-

ucts that we make on that farm, annually, I could get

you one of the reports and tell you that, our Annual

Report shows everything that we make there and the

expenses of making it-I don't remember the figures

now; we give credit for what we ;make on the farm

that don't go into this per capita, if that's what you

are going after, it would be a little higher if we put

. ~I

that 'in; we make corn to feed the stock with; we

make sweet potatoes for the people to eat, and if we

had to buy these, it would cost us money; on. the

garden, we make v13getables, and if we didn't make

them we would have them to buy-we give ourselves

credit for what we make and charge up what it costs,

and that is generally reported in our Annual Report

to the Board of Trustees, but that is not calculated

in our_ per capita; we made twenty-one or twenty-

two bales of cotton from there, I think, this year;

we are having to buy cotton for mattresses, you

know; we sell that and it is put with the petty cash

fund that the Steward has; the Steward has to buy

chickens and eggs, and he has to buy cotton to make

mattresses and things of that kind; we run an ac-

- courit with the farm_ itself, that don't go into our

General Maintenance Fund at all, it is not consid-

75

. i

I

l'

erecl in our per capita at all. As to who gets the

-~
~i

rent of the buildings that the State owns, that is

~his way: for instance you have a man renting a.

house for five dollars a month; we pay him, say,

$30.00 a month, and so we just deduct it from his

wages and pay him $25.00. I don't know exactly

how many hands we work on that farm, I could learn

from the Assistant Steward; we have two. white men

and eight or ten negroes to sorter go with them, you

lmow,-to go with them and sorter look after things,

-we have about eighty patients that work; the net

proceeds of the farm is considerably more than the

expenses of running it, because the patients don't

I

get any wages at all; the reason we work that with

!.

the patients is it is beneficial to them, as well as help-

ful to us. If I should add the cost of running the

Farm, and taking the proceeds, the provisions that

we get from the farm, as to what would it cost per

clay to maintain the Sanitarium, say we made $20,000 there,-I think we did year bef01~e last, make abont

$19,000, I think, with the garden and everything

added; suppose you divide that between three thou-

. sand patients,-say in round numbers put it at $18,-

000, and divide that among three thousand patients;

that would be $6.00 to the patient, wouldn't it, per

capita~ It would be $6.00 more per patient, per

year,-it wouldn't be two cents a clay more,-it

would be a little over one cent more per capita, per

day; taking everything that we have got of the

~~lt~te's, connected with the Sanitarium here, our per

capita should not exceed over thirty-six cents, I

don't think; that includes the net proceeds on every-

76

r-
'
thing; the dairy is calculated with the gardens around here, the dairies and the gardens are counted together,-that's on this tract of land here; if we had to buy that milk it would cost us a great deal more than_that,-it would cost us a great deal more than we make it for, because we have been making a lot-considerable money on the dairy, and we have only credited ourselves with twenty cents a gallon for the milk; we can't buy milk at that price; I just told Mr. Hollingshead the other day that he ought to give h~mself credit with what it cost him. If vve had to buy everything that we furnished f0_e patients, I have never figured on what it would cost to furnish the same bill of fare, but it would cost us a great deal more to buy it than to raise it-we can't buy milk for less than thirty-five or forty cents a gallon; we raise it for twenty; it would cost at least forty or forty~five cents a day for that same bill of fare if we had to buy it.
Provided you count the interest on the investment of this Stat?'s property down there that we work to advantage, I consider it is profitable for the State to own that property and operate it, in connec: tion with the Institution, as we do, and charge the Institution with the credit of the interest on the investment, and even if it wasn't, in money, it would be for the good that the patients get out of working on it.
I didn't mean to state in answer to Mr. Baker's _question, awl1ile ago, that if the State ha. no investment here, that it would cost the State forty or forty-
77

five cents a day, per capita, to run it; I don't think

it would cost that much, because I reckon we make

forty or fifty thousand dollars' worth of stuff here,

but this is net that I'm talking about; supposing the

State of Georgia were to sell or give away or get rid

of its investment, except the campus itself here, if

we had to buy everything, using the same bill of fare,

it's hard to say what our expense would be, it would

be a good deal more, I couldn't give the exact figures;

when I say that the Institution costs the State of

Georgia thirty-four cents a day, it means what it

actually costs to take care of the patient's that's

not allowing the State credit for its money; that

statement is not, per se, correct, if you take into

consideration the cost of the plant and homes and

so on,-the improvements; it would take, I should

.l

say, at least forty cents a day to maintain the same

bill of fare that we now furnish, if we had to buy

everything, exclusive of what we have here on the

place.

vVe are trying to work out all the patients we can, we find it is the best treatment we can give them,-.take this chronic class, you know, they are the busiest set we have got and the -healthiest; I think that ought to be the policy of the Institution so far as it is possible to do so, and we are doing that the best we can.

On the question of JYiejntenance, on our statement of the cost of maintenance of these buildings, or this Sanitarium, we put down. the amounts we pay these nurses; as to whether we put down the

78

total amo~nt we pay them, or the amount we pay them les..s credit for the rent that we get for the building that they occupy, as I just now said, if we have a man that gets $30.00 a month, and he is paying $5.00 a month l'ent for his house, why that's deducted from his salary; in our statement that we make as to the cost of maintenance, we pu.t that down as $30.00 a month, I think; it looks a little, like it isn't right not to give credit for the amount, in our general statement, that might be received as rent for the buildings by the State; we have one building that we get $5.00 a month for; one I get $2.50 for-it's so small an amount it wouldn't make much difference, there's only three or four of the houses, I think, that they get any rent for, most of the 'others are furnished,-! furnish our teamster rent,-the man who drives our wagons; who goes day andnight,-that's in the contract with him; there ain't $200.00, I don't think, of it, the Steward could give you' exactly these :figures, he has got an account of every man that rents a hol1se and how much he pays.
The cost of our dairy plant there is about $8,000, I think; that includes the bouse we built there-the entire plant; I don't lmow what the cost of our cattle up to the present time is, I haven't made an estimate on it-we milk a little over a hundred; the milk product of the dairy at the present time is about two hundred gallons a clay-it don't vary much from that as an average; last 'spring we got as much as 250 gallons, when we had rye and oats to. give them; we use all the product of that dairy among the pa. tients here, the attendants get their feed, you know,
79
. -. ~

their support, and they use it, but the Physicians do

not; the entire proceeds from that dairy goes to the

inmates of this Sanitarium, imd the helpers; as to

what that would be worth to the State of Georgia,

per annum, it is all worked out in our reports, you can see it in our reports; we have only~ given our-

selves credit for twenty cents per gallon; that is not

a fair estimate, it ought to be- put down more than

that; with the estimate we put it down at, and the

actual cost of maintenance of the concern, we more

than paid expenses; if we had to buy the-produCts of

the dairy it would cost us a good deal more than it

costs us to raise the milk, and furthermore, I don't

believe we could buy it at all, the maintenance of the

dairy here is a necessity, a thing we couldn't do

without it at all, it is no loss to the State and it is

v_:.,.

something we couldn't do without; we have a class of

patients to feed here that's obliged to have milk; as

to how many men we work at the dairy proposition,

the Assistant Steward could tell you that, he keeps

an account,-the Assistant Steward keeps up with the

dairy, everything that he buys for it and [or all ex-

penses and everything we use; a good many patients

over there help besides what help we hire,-we just

hire the help we are obliged to have ; we use sweet milk entirely, we buy or butt~r.

The attendants and supervisors and all the rest

clothe themselves, the State of Georgia furnishes

them nothing but the board; the Doctors do not ob-

tain their board here from the Institution, none' of

them get their board from the Institution, except

- the young men we -support in this Institution, they

"

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80

pay $10.00 a month for their board; we only furnisl1 the Doctors with fuel and lights,-they board themselves; it is a necessity that we should furnish tl1em rooming and lights, because we wmit them on the premises, we want them right here, and that's ~he only reason they stay on the premises, because we require them; they would rather get off and furnish their own quarters if we allowed them to do it, l know I was that w'ay; but we want them right here where they are accessible; wg have calls for them frequently at night.

The insane epileptics ought to be here, as much

as any other people; the same epileptics might be by

themselves, it might be advantageous to them to be

!

I

classified to themselves; some epileptics are danger-

ous, .some of them are not, it is like. other insane

people,-some insane people who are harmless, some

I

are different, you know, you can never tell what they

are going to do; it is my opinion that the State of

!

Georgia ought to have a separate place for the con-

finement of these epileptics; as to what percentage

I I

of the epileptic inmates of the Institution are insane,

I would have to go over that and look it up for you,

I couldn't tell you that without- going through the

wards and :finding out. I have no idea what a

i

proper building for the retention of these epileptics

would cost, I never made any calculations along

those lines. I know in Kansas they have an Institu-

tion for the insane epileptics, but they don't take in

sane epileptics. vVhen you come clown to the tuber-

culosis proposition, my opinion, as an expert, is they

ought to be separated from the rest of the patients;

81

the way it is now, they are just all mixed up together, we have no place to put them, properly speaking, except in the colored department, because we had it so badly down there that we put up some little shacks down there for them; the percentage of the mortality among the patients from tuberculosis, is in the colored department about tw.enty-six per cent. of our deaths, and last year it was a little over thirteen in the white department, nearly twice as much in the negro department; that means that thlrteen per cent. of all deaths among the white patients was caused from tuberculosis; out of a hundred patients we had thirteen of them to die from tuberculosis; the percentage of tuberculosis patients is not increasing in the Institution; I have no idea how many of those deaths from consumption were contracted after they came here, it is mighty hard to tell whether they have the tuberculosis germs when they get here or not; the colored patients per cent. being higher is partly accounted for on account of their being negroes and partly on account of the over-crowded condition of the buildings; the reason we haven't a place to put these tuberculosis patients, we haven't the money; we have showed our needs to the Georgia Legislahue in every report we have made, we have asked for an appropriation; the Board have estimated if they could get $15,000 they could put up suitable buildings, that is what we have been asking for, for white and colored both; of course, we couldn't put up any expensive brick buildings, but such open buildings as to give them out-door treatment, we don't need brick buildings for that,
82

f ~
'
just ordinary wooden buildings, on the pavillion style, you know, where they can have the free air day and night-sl~ep at night in them,-and we need them separate from these buildings here, keep them out from these buildings, where tbey wouldn't be so apt to bring ~JO:iltagion to these buildings; when we :first receive them, we have examination wards in this building, two in the Twin Building and two in the. Negro Building, and we take each patient and thoroughly examine them, physically and mentally, and reports are :filed; we have a regular blank that they :fill out, showing the condition.from head to foot, their physical condition, and then the diagnosis of the mental condition; the Board has been holding clinics once a week, but the Board has recently given me a Clinical Director, which means we will hold them every day hereaftet; this Clinical Director that they have provided for, will make that his special duty, to have a general clinic every. day and have every physician at that clinic with every patient that comes in there; at that clinic, each' physician has an opportunity to show the condition of the patient and discuss it and then make up their diagnosis of the case and :file it away, and we have that for future reference; we all go in a body to see the patient, if if we have a case of special interest, or we have them brought before the whole body, and hereafter, when we get this Clinical Directorship fully established, they will be in a body every day,-we'll have clinics every day; we have got the authority and are going to have three more phy~icians ; we start them at $600 as internes, and after they have been here the fourth
83

year, they get $1,900; we start them at $600 a year, and they serve as internes a year, and if they give satisfaction, thmi they are examiued,-the law requires that they stand a satisfactory examination before they are put on the Staff, by a special commission appointed. by the Board of ':Crustees, this Board appoints a commission of three doctors, to examine them; it is not a eompetitive examination, but they have to stand a satisfactory examination to see that they are :fitted to hold the position on the Staff; if, then, they are considered :fittec1 to hold a position on the Staff, they are elected. as a member of the Staff; they are not considered members of the Staff until they have served a year; they are put on the Staff then at $1,200 a year, and after they have served a year then they are put on at $1,500 and another year they get $1,900; my salary is $2,500 a year.
I try to mah the discipline of the Sanitarium as good as I can, humanely speaking; we have reported to us, inhumanity shown patients, and you can see from that report that I have given you there, where I discharged attendants for mistreating patients; when I hear of these mistreatme-nts, I always have the Physicians examine into it, and I examine into it, get reports on it, and if I :find it exists, I readily dismiss the attendants, right away;. I tell them when they. come here, ''if you are mistreating them, if you are unkind to them in any way, your head goes right off;'' I can't tell you hgw often I have had to do -that in the last two years, you will see on that paper there the number that we l1ave discharged this year;
84

there is no attendant, that I know of, in the employ now of this Institution that has been guilty of malconduct towards the patients, if I had known of any mal-conduct they wouldn't be here, they know that when I employ them. As to whether you can get along with the patients generally better by humane treatment than you can by harsh treatment; that's the best way to get along with them, but you have a lot of obstreperous patients that want to break up and knock down and kill, and you have to handle them rol_lghly sometimes; you have patients out there in the hall who will jump on a patient and try to kill him, and a nurse go to him and try to relieve the patient and he will jump on the nurse and try t'J kill him, but the object of the nurse going to him is to try to suppress them, separate them,-that's all1 and of course, it is necessary to use force sometimes to suppress them, just such force as is necessary with them; a man recently went out in the yard and he took a notion he would go in the hall; a nurse s.tepped ,up to him and told him not to go in the building; he turned around and jumped on the nurse; another nurse came up and took hold of him, and it took the third nurse before they could handle. him; this fellow was super-naturally str-ong, took three or four men sometimes to handle him-small man too-took tl1Tee or four men to handlFl him; now he might have got hurt in that scuffle, but we don't allow them to strike them; if they strike them we dismiss them, tl1ey have positive orders not t-o strike them, hut "yon must _use just such force as is necessary to control them.'' when they apply for
85

places, I require them to bring recommendations as

. ..~'t

~

'

..

to their moral characters; we are changing all the

time, recently, since cotton has got up so high, our

. I

I

maie people have been leaving us-get better wages than we can pay them; I do:ri't think more pay would

get a better class of attendants, I think we get the

very class we would if we gave them $50 a mo:rith,

but they really deserve more pay, but I don't think

more pay would get a better class of attendants than

we have got; our supervisors are good men, suit the

place all right; my supervisor in the white male de-

partment has been assistant supervisor for fifteen

years under Doctor Powell; he gets $40.00 a month,

and j:he supervisor of the negTo department gets

$50.00 and boards himself.

For the tuberculosis people, the plot of gro1md is sufficiently large to erect buildings, and not put them close. together, we have sixteen hundred acres in a body, not connected with what we call the Colony Farm,. we have sixteen hundred acres down there too, two pieces of sixteen hundred acre-s each; whenwe used to burn wood for heating the buildings, before ~e bought coal, we bought that land to get the wood off it, and then we got to using coal.

The statement has been made that we run the In-

stitution for thirty-five cents a day, while the Sheriff

gets fifty cents a day for his prisoners; the new

machinery of all kinds that we have got here, would

run the per capita still higher, and we get our pro-

visions. at wholesale prices, competitive bids-we ad-

. I

vertise for bids every three months; we have thou-

,

8~

t i
sands of dollars invested in labor-saving machinery, and we get our goods as cheap as the wholesale houses can buy them anywhere; we advertise in the daily papers that bids are going to be let at a certain , elate, and then we have printed a list of what we want to buy and send it to the merchants all scattered about-different wholesale houses in different parts of the State; 'at a certain day, there is a part of the Board comes here,-the Executive Committee, it is called, they meet every month,-that Executive Committee comes here, together with the Steward and the Storekeeper and myself, we select what we want for the Institution, and let it out at the cheapest hid, the quality being considered-such goods as we want; those bids are not opened 1.mtil ten o'clock the_ day we do the purchasing; there's no opportunity for anyone to do any grafting at all, none of them are opened until the Board meets, and it's all open, right there before the Board and the Steward and myself-all opened right there at one time, and the lowest bidder gets the goods. The fare that the nurses and attendants get, is just the same as the patients get, the food all goes on the table. I would say that the average fare that they get is equal to what was exhibited to you here today, at all times, as good and better, at times, we clidn 't have vegetables the day you were in there; when vegetables are in season we have them; every vegetable that can be raised, we raise them; and there is no change in the fare by yom~ being present, we don't make any change for. anybody. -
To some extent we are governed by suggestions
87
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of the Steward about which is the proper bid to

accep~, for instance he might say this bid submitted

by Swift or Axmour or some other Company is the

better bid; to some extent we are controlled in mak-

ing up our verdict by what the Steward might say

about it, but it is not possible for the Steward to be

biased because of any benefit to him, because we an

use our own judgment about it, regardless of what he

says; of course, we like his advice, we like the Store-

keeper's advice-he keeps the stock and ought to

know what gives satisfaction, as a Tule; I have on my

table the food that we buy here, I have the beef and

the flour and the sugar. and everything of that sort;

well, I know when it comes up to what it ought to,-

I am a judge of those kinds of things myself, I have

some idea of what is good, and the Board of Trustees

,;/.

know; as a rule, our Steward don't have much to

say about those things unless we ask him; he is just

there to wait on the Board and me, and if we ask his

opinion about a certain thing-we have samples

there before us-and if we ask it, he gives it, other-

wise he don't give any opinion, and his opinion about

what is best to buy is not absolute with the Board,

sometimes there is a difference of opinion about

what is best to buy and we will take a vote on it;

there is no graft here, I can assure you of that;

neither I nor any member of the Committee or the

Executive Committee are financially interested in

any of those concerns which furnish, or from which

supplies or anything is purchased.

I think we have about ten Physicians; they stay here night and clay on the premises. I don't think
88

there has been a day, or night, within the last five years when there wasn't at least three Physicians present; I couldn't tell when they go off, you know, but they haven't been off by my permission, there has never been a time; I leave the grolmds sometimes, but I am never away from the Institution more than three days at a-time, though, except by permission from the Board of Trustees, and the Assistant Superintendent is always in charge when I am away, Doctor -Whitaker; the Board allows them twenty-one days during the y<:ar for recreation to go wherever they please; as to what requirement I have, as to the number of Physicians that shall be upon the ground here at all times during day or night, I have no special number, I use my own judgment about how long they are to be away and things like that; now, if three or four want to go to town, I say ''Go to town,'' if they want to be off a day, I wouldn't let so many go; there has never been a day since I have been in charge that I have excuse~1 every ,Physician, I never excuse more than half of them, and that's just for a short time; I have at times allowed as many as half of them to be absent for a short while to go to town or to go fishing, something like that, it is not possible for the Sanitarium to have been ,one clay, since I was in charge of it, that there wasn't ~ne resident Physician here on the ground; I haven't counted up how many times I have been absent, I haven't taken but one vacation since I was liere, and that's when I visited some . institutions in the \Vest,-I was gone two weeks; I . haven't been gone more than three days at a time the

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89

.entire time since then; I have been off on business frequently for the Institution; I have never been away from the Institution but two weeks in two years,nearly three, practically all of my time I spend here, I have never taken a vacation, because I don't call that a vacation; when I was upon this inspection, that's about as hard work as you can do, just tires you to death; I did that at the Board's suggestion to inform myself, to compare our Institution to others. I would like to know who made the charges against my management, that no resident physician is on the grounds, that they were all off hunting, or something like that.

Mr. Carswell: "I don't remember who made

' .i.:. '

the charge, but it is made here, it is in writing, that's

. ~
;.'7

why I wanted to examine you about it."

We have not, that I know of, any employees here, men or women, who are really figure-heads, holding their positions from long service 'Or favoritism, and whose duties are really performed by others, we "' have no such people here.

The nurses don't eat with the patients, they have their side-table together; I frequently examine those tables to see whether the nurses and the attendants have the same food that the inll!ates have, and it is the duty of the Physicians to examine the meals every day, it is 'One part of our requirements of the Physicians; we have a regular bill of fare made out, and that's cooked, -and nothin'g else is cooked except that which we furnish,-this, (Indicating a

90

printed bill of fare). Well, the nurses sometimes buy extra things that they have cooked themselves.
No labor is required of these inmates, they are not required to clo anything, we try to induce them to help clean up the warcl.s, but if they don't clo it voluntarily we don't force them to clo it, it has never come to my knowledge of any attendants forcing any one to work. I think this sewing that's done by these female inmates, is voluntary on their part, it is against the rules to force patients to clo anything; I have never had occasion to investigate a proposition where they had forced someone to work without their consent, no complaints have been made to me by any of the :inmates on that line; the sewing and rubbing is all clone absolutely of the volition- of the patients, if the.attendants can induce or persuade them to clo it, we advise them to- do it for_ their own good; it is against the rules to coerce any of them, and if I found any attendant coercing or using any force to m~ke these patients work, I would discharge him, because that would be a violation of the rules; I have never discharged one for thwt, the Institution seems to be absolutely clear of anything of that kind, so far as comes within my knowledge.
All the letters the patients write are requ:lrecl to be overlooked, if they should write- something that the Institution dicln 't want sent out, they would suppress it; there is no clay that the letters are not _inspected by the Physicians in charge, letters that they write members of the 'family or friends are all
91

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read, and if there is anything in that letter that tho

..
.~.; .

physician didn't think should go out, he wouldn't

mail. the letter; they have no means of making any

complaint to their families or friends about any mis-

treatment or imagined mistreatment that they have,

they make their complaints to the Physicians, if

they have any to make, or to the matrons or super-

visors, and if he wanted to .communicate with me

he can write a note and send it to me by the Physi-

cian or Supervisor'-I get notes every day. I don't

remember ever receiving a request for an interview

With a patient who wanted a discharge and re!use

to give it to him, George Bell,-you all remember

him,-said he requested me for a discharge, I don't

remember that he ever did request me to do it; we

...

certainly discharge patients when we think, within

the judgment of the Staff, that it is safe for them

to be returned home; it is of no interest to us to

keep them here if they have been restoFed, it is

, 1

rather to the interest of the Institution to let them

retuin, and we let a good !many go 'that really

oughtn't to go, simply because their relatives want

them out; as to whether a patient that has been here .

.quite a while and has no one specially interested in

them, no family or friends, would be examined by

the Physician in charge or myself, to see if they

should be discharged or not, it is the duty of every

Physician in charge of every department to know

the conditions of.his patients and to serid them home

whenever they are well enough to be sent away from

here, that's the policy of the Institution; if they

92

:I

have no means to furnish their transportation, we pay their way home when they are restored.

. S'nppose a patient is sick and the attendant failed to notify the Physician that he was sick, I think the Physician has such personal inspection that he would find it out himself, the Doctors go arolmd, the Physicians are on the wards every day, I guess they would find out if any of them is sick; I have never heard of any of them being sick that the attendant refused to report the sickness.

Wl1en a patient is first committed to this Insti- tution that patient is at once put in a room for examination, for classification; efforts are made to group these patients in wards, where they would Jike}y be congenial with each other, we try to group the refined, educated patients together.

As to my suggestions for the betterment of the

condition of the patients, etc., of recreation halls,

amusements, etc., if we had more money we could

have more amusements, here, of course; we could

!.

get a good many amusements in the way of plays,

I
theatricals, things of that kind; we could have a band

I

of music to come out and play for us, and little the-

atricals, we could have billiard rooms-that would

be nice for the males, and croquet grounds for the

females, it would be nice for them; I don't know,

hardly, whether something in the way of an indus-

trial department where the ones capable of dojng it

could be occupied, in light work, would amount to

very much or not, taking the class of patients that

we have got; as a rule, the majority of our patients

93

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I

are from the nual districts, where they have been raised on the farms, and they don't know anything about industrial pursuits, most of them-and professional men 'Or merchants or teachers, people like that, and farmers, woulcln 't know how to work in an industrial shop, but they could be taught, if you had money enough to put up those things and get - expert men to train them. I tmderstand you to mean, not with the idea of making money, anything of that kind, but with the idea of keeping these . patients occupied and their minds satisfied and possibly aiding them in being restored; of course, every patient that can be occupied at something is that much better off. I do not think these idiotic children ought to be sent to this Institution, this is being made a sort of dumping ground for them; the way it is now, we are obliged to take every applicant that comes, they don't furnish us with a transcript of the evidence that's taken before the Ordinary; if we were fumished with a transcript of, the evidence fumished to the Ordinary and jmy, we would be obliged to take them anyway, if they were committed by the jury, but it would aid us in knowing the conclition of the patients, and also in ascertaining whether or not it was a :fit subject for the lunatic asylum; I certainly do think the law ought to be so amended so as to make it impossible for this Institution to be made the dumping ground for these
old senile clementias and epileptic children. If you would pass a law relieving us of taking that class, imbeciles and senile-clements and things of that kind, we would have a great many people turned clown
94

that are now sent here; for instance, they sent an old man here the other day, 92 years old,-harmless old man,-just sent him here to be cared for; we had an application the other day for a little child, three years old that can't walk nor talk; now is this the place for such people to be taken care of-what good can we do them~ None whatever; I don't know whether under the present law it is entirely too easy to commit people to this Institution, the juries have a way of carrying things like they want them; I don't know that it would be practical for our Staff to passon the admissibility of the patients in some way, before they are committed to this Institution; where a lunacy warrant is sworn out for a patient and the testimony should be taken down by the proper officials, it would help us to have a transcript of tha't evidence, if we had the discretion of refusing them, but if we had no discretion in refusing to take them, it wouldn't do us any good only as showing the condition of the patients. I expect a tenth of the inmates are senile dementias and children, or about 300; that is, of course, a rough guess; as the law now stands, though, there is no better place in Georgia to send them to, if the State wants to put up more buildings and take care of them; it is my idea that some of the alms-houses are being abandoned and the inmates are being chunpecl off on us. Baldwin 'COlmty abandoned their alms-house several years ago; I don't know as we have any of their inmates) they are scattered about in different parts of the county, they didn't send any of them directly from the alms-house here; there
95

:.J
is no hope of giving these old senile dements and idiotic children any relief whatever, only mere custodial care, that's all; they are a harmless, inoffensive class of patients, jus't need simply to wait on them and feed them, take care of them, that's all; I think the Counties ought to take care of that class, and not put it on the State, but under the law we have to take them, and we are :filling up mighty fast, and you will hav:e to get us some more money to put up other buildings unless you stop it.
.I was asked awhile ago about .letters, that all letters written by inmates were censored before they went out; there is no law about it, that I know of, but we do it because we think it is for the good of the patients; they frequently write had letters, vulgar letters, abusive letters, things that would grieve their relatives and friends-frequently the relatives ask us not to send the letters they write, they write such bad, abusive letters; occasiopally we will send one, when they ask us to let the letters come anyhow, we send them, and then frequently they will tell us to suppress such letters, because they don't want to get them. We have parties in the Sanitarium now, who have been elope eaters; 'they are mentally out of shape when they are taking elope; we have none that I know of just taken for the gratification of their families and to get riel of them; we take that class, and when they get well, why we discharge them; you know that deranges their mind if they take dope excessively, and we take them here - i:mcl cure them ancf send them home; if we believe they are fit to go out and be taken care of at horne
96

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and restOTed to mind, we don't keep them here just on the request of their families, to get rid of them.

The Doctor sees the patients every dar, and re-

....~

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ports back to me ariel then we hold a general meet-

:. ' ~

il_lg and take his case up for general inspection; if

J think there is any doubt about his being in proper

-condition to be sent home, no man goes out of this

Institution without my knowledge and: personal in-

spe.ction as to his condition; if it's a plain case and

the Doctor bringS' him up to me and I am perfectly
satisfied, why I let him go without any Staff ~eet~

ing, but some of' them there's some doubt, and be-

fore I let him go we have a Staff meetipg about him.

From my experience with insane people, I find the

average one harping on ill-treatment that they re-

ceive from somebody, they don't any. of them think

they are insane, and all think they are being imposed

on,-blame their relatives at home and blam~ \1~

and blame everybody, as a rule, and it is from that,

largely, tha_t_ this general complaint of ill-treatment

imd mistreatment and abuse a:dses; you take. a

patient that claims he has been ill-treated, he gets

well he 1ealizes that he hasn't been ill-treated and

he will usu~lly state that he thought he was being

ill-treated when he was insane, but when he gets

sane he knows there was nothing done except for his

good; but som~ of them have delusions that has made

such impressions on them that it's hard for them to

get over it when they get sane, that they haven't

been mistreated,. they seem to get so impressed with

it---:people that we let go home, you know-and they

go home and still have the delusions-that's where

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a good deal of this complaint comes from-people that we let go home on furloughs, that haven't been fully restored; where we let a patient go home on furlough, it is the duty of the relatives to return him, it don't take a second commitment; if they don't stay out over ninety days, if they are out over ninety days they have to be re-committed; we can only give 1 a furlough for ninety days; the furlough is always by the request of the relatives or friends of the patient, or sometimes we have a case that's been here and seems on a, stand-still and we think a change will do him good, we sometimes advise them to take them out on a furlough, but we always com. municate with the relatives before we grant any furloughs. I do11 't know of any mistreatment of these patients by anyone in which the employ was still retained after that; we don't keep them, if we are satisfied they have been mistreating them; sometimes a patient has a delusion that he has been mistreated, and we can't always take their word for it, but if any actual mistreatment comes t~ our lmowledge we d~smiss them for it.
There is no hiw that requires patients themselves, their families or their guardians or friends, to bear any part of their expenses at this Institution; this Institution used to have what they called paypatients, and it used to require them to pay a certain amount for their support here; I believe it was in 1877 that that law was changed; I think it was in 1877 that that law was changed and made it free to everybody; the Board of Trustees took the ground that the people who paid the taxes to support this
98

Institution were entitled to its benefits, as well as others; that was the ground upon which they asked that this law be changed; there's nobody required-to pay a. penny; some of them furnish special nurses; some of them furnish clothing for their people, if they are able; some of them pay for their washing, where they want it to be done outside, but there's no money paid into the general f1md; I coulcln 't say what proportion of the patients here is furnished special nurses by their families, but not enough to make any material difference in the per capita; a good many of them furnish money to buy little luxuries, fruits and things of that kind, that we can't furnish them; it is in the chax-ge of the Steward~ and the Physician writes orders to the Steward to buy, these things; the special nurse put here in charge of, the patients by their relatives or friends paying for them; they help keep the wards clean and we pay them a certain amount of these expenses for doing that; we pay about $4.00 a month to allow for the work that they do towards keeping the halls clean; the parents or relatives pay these special attendants, if it's a male, $23.50, and if it's a female, $21.50 a month; we allow board; now, we consider
that it costs $7.00 a month, we consider $7.00 a
month for board for that attendant-we consider that that attendant costs the Institution $27.00_:_ $23.50 and $4.00, would be $27.50-'--we consider that attendant coE)ts $27.50, and if we pay them $20.00 and her board-for we pay $20.00 a mmrth and board them-well, we .require you to pay $23.50 of it, and the $4.00 is paid by the _State to help pay for
.: .....,,
99

the work that they do on the ward when they are not engaged with the patient; in stating the cost of maintenance of this Institution, we charge up the $4.00 we pay them a certain amount of these expenses for tives~the party who employs them; we only charge up for that nurse $4.00; that's all we estimate their services are worth in keeping the hall clean, when they are not engaged in keeping the patient; we pay that because the service is worth that in keeping it cleaned up ; we consider their board worth $7.OtJ a month, and we pay $4.00 a month of it-and we say ''you pay $3.50 of that and the $20.00 for the services of the attendant-you owe $23.50." In relation to these two .women that escaped from the Asylum and about which there was so much said in the newspapers, as to what efforts I made, as Superintendent of this Institution, to prosecute those men that were supposed to have abducted them; well, I had them arrested, as soon as the_ patients told me who the men were, and prosecuted them in the Superior Court and in the County Court, too; they made a mistrial in the Superior Court and then it was handed down to the County Court and they were prosecuted there and discharged.; the prose(!utor is L. J. Lamar; he is the Steward; I was busy with the Board of Trustees and asked Mr. Lamar to get out the prosecutions, and the officials did everything in their power to prosecute them, and the failure to convict them was the result of no failure on the part of the officials of the Institution.
I don't remember a young lady that came here from Madison, by the name of Williams, or con-
100

nected with the Williams family; I could find it on

the records.

.

Assisting a patient to escape was the only charge brought against these men; they had no grounds for bringing any other charge-no evidence for bringing any other charge against them.
I visited several of the Asylums in Ohio and in Indiana last spring was a year ago; I went on to attend the Psychological Association of Medical Attendants in the United States and Canada,. and I visited them with the view of :finding out the conditions in tl1ese Institutions as compared with ours, and I found that their management there isn't any better than ours except they have more money than we have, they have more money, can spend a little more money for something to eat; for instance, they are able to give their patients c1esserts, things like that, that we aren't able to fmnish our patients here; they have better furniture, things like that, and better equipped in every way than we are; with that exception, I didn't find thrit they have any better care of their insane people than we have; I paid special attention to everything that pertained 'to the general management and treatment of the patients; some of them have hydro-therapeutic and electro-therapeutic apparatus that we haven't got; that enabled them to treat them a little better; and they liave a little better furniture-as I say, they have a lot more money to spend for something to eat, but the general line of treatment isn't any better than ours ; I think ou:r corps of physicians will
101

measure up to any of them; and the general care of the patients; I think ours is just as good as any of them; I don't think they have any better results than we have.

I might state that our first Pathologist here, Dr.

Hartley, was elected to fill the chair of :fat~ology in

the Medical College of Augusta, he was our first

Pathologist here, and he is there today filling that

chair of Pathology in the Augusta Medical College;

and our next Pathologist was Dr. Perry; he was

called to preside over the Sanitari~1m in Kansas-

Parsons, Kansas-elected Superintendent there, of

the Epileptic Colony; and another young man we

had here, by the name of Pumpelly, was elected to

, ..1

the chair of Pharmacy at Mercer University; and we

. >.'l

had a yotmg man by the name of Lamar'-OUT next

Pathologist and A~sistant Physician together-he

has a place now in the Rockefeller Institute, in New

York, for ,Scientific Research work; and the last one

we had was Dr. 'Willetts; he was elected to fill a

position in the Government service at a salary of

$2,500.00 a year, last month; we were paying him

$1,500.00 a year; those are men that I can speak of

who have been taken away from us, and gone to other

institutions, and at better salaries, too; I have heard

that efforts were repeatedly made to get Dr. Powell

to take the Superintendency of a very large institu-

tion at a very large salary; I don't know of my own

knowledge that that's true. I wish to state, the

Board was in session at the time the escape of these

women was madJ:l, or at the time the evidence was

discovered as to who helpec1 them to escape, and the

/

102

Board directed me to employ counsel to prosecute them to the fullest extent of the law.
CARL A. VINSON. Being duly sworn, testified as follows:
I am an Attorney at Law, and occupied the position of County Solicitor of Baldwin County, in 1908; as to my connection with the prosecution of these two parties that were accused o~ abducting inmates from the Georgia State Sanitarium, well, I'll start this way: Mr. L. J. Lamar, the Steward of the State Sanitarium, came to my office and had two warrants issued, one against Jim vVi1soil and one against a man by the name of Humphreys, Ben Humphreys, charging them with violating the statutory offense of assisting patients from the Georgia State Sanitarium to escape; at that time they were employees_of the Sanitarium; warrants were issued and they were arrested, gave bond and demanded a bill of indictment; at the July term, 1908, of Baldwin Superior Court, they were indicted for violating the offense charged in the warrants; the case was called for trial at the July adjoumed term, 1908-in November, 1908-and Mr. Pottle, the Solicitor-General of the Ocmulgee Circuit and I, as County Solicitor, prosecuted this defendant, Jim Wilson-the defendants were separately indicted-and the jury failed to agree and the Court declared a mistrial in the case. Then we had the bill of indictment, on
103

the same day, transferred to the County 'Court, where all misdemeanors in this County are tried, and then I put them on trial in the County Court, probably a month later, at the County Court, and at that time, a verdict of not guilty resulted in the case against Jim -Wilson; I exercised all diligence to secure their conviction; we had Dr. Jones as a witness, the lady attendant who was in charge of these two inmates as a witness, and then had Mrs. Harris, one of the inmates to testify at the first trial-Mrs. Andree, who was one of the women who escaped, refused to testify, she demurred, and we couldn't put her on the stand, and we neve1' could get her to take the stand, on that privileged question, and she never did testify; the authorities of the Sanitarium here gave me all the assistance in their power to procure their conviction; Judge Johnson, one of the Board of Trustees, a member of the Board of Trustees, wrote me a letter and asked if I needed any additional counsel in the case to let him know and that the Sanitarium would employ additional counsel to help me conduct the case; the State had to occupy this position-that at the- time this witness, Mrs. Harris, testified, she occupied the position known in law as a lucid interval; we had to introduce the committing papers to the State Sanitarium, and that, of course, put the witness in the position of being insane; then I had to prove that this witness, at the time she was testifying, was not insane but was in a lucid interval and was amenable to the law for her own acts; I did that by the testimony of the Physicinns, and the testimony was admitted and she was a

.I
I
. !
witness; she testified that these two employees assisted them in escaping, and that they did escape. and were recovered in Milledgeville by a hackman and returned to the In.stitution; my opinion is, the jury reached a verdict of not guilty on the ground that they coulcln 't convict, or wouldn't convict, anybody on the testimony of an inmate of the Insane . Sanitarium; I dicln 't attempt to make the parties who were indicted, witnesses against each other; they could have claimed the privileged question; on the trial.of the case, the jury r~tired to their rooms to make the verdict; there's the verdict (indicating . on document tendered by the witness); it was no consent verdict at all; Dr. Jones and all the Physicians were there and it was a very hard fought case, it consumed over a clay in the Super~or Court and nearly a clay in the County Court; the other man was not pr-osecuted; if one wasn't guilty the other couldn't be, and we dismissed the case against him. Here is the entire record pertaining to this case.
A Copy of the Indictment above ieferred to, with a1l the entries thereon, is as follows :

''GEORGIA, BALDvVIN COUNTY,

The Grand Jurors, selected, chosen and sworn for the Colmty of .Baldwin, to-wit:

1. J. C. vVhitaker, Foreman;

2. Dr. G. A. Lawrence,

3. Q. W. Richter,

..,,

4. C. F. Barrett,

I

'

105

.. I

5. W. H. Roberts, 6 A. L. Ellison, 7. H. E. McCo:~;nb, 8. T. E. Pugh, 9. W. A. Torrence, 10. vV. B. Richardson, 11. R. L. Wall, 12. E. J. Flemister, 13. W. W. Moran, 14. E. S. Vinson, 15. S. H. Saul, 16. vV. T. Hines, 17. J. E. Humphries, 18. J. I. Ethridge, 19. J. Ben Harpel\ 20. J. C. Ivey, 21. J. G. B'earden, 22. 23.
In the name and behalf of the citizens of Georgia, charge and accuse Jim vVilson, of the County and State aforesaid, with the offense of a misdemeanor; for that the said Jim vVilson, in the County aforesaid, on the 15th day of August, in the year of qur Lord, Nineteen Hundred and Eight, with force and arms did aid and assist Mrs. S..J. Harris and Miss
106

-.:.

Lucille Andre, who were then and there patients in

the Georgia State Sanitarium, the same being the

State Lunatic .Asylum, and who had been lawfully

committed to said Lunatic Asylum, to escape from

said Lunatic Asylum. Contrary to the laws of said

State, the good order, peace and dignity thereof.

JosEPH E. PoTTLE,

Solicitor~General.

L. J. LAMAR, Prosecutor.

July Adj. Term Superior Court, 1908." "No. 12,
Baldwin Superior Court, July Adj. Term, 1908.
THE STATE V ERSD:_S JIM WILSON, Assisting Esc~pe from Lunatic Asylum.
TRUE BILL.
J. C. vVHITAKER, Foreman. 3rd day of November, 1908.
JosEPH E. PoTTLE, Solicitor-General. L. J. LAMAR, Prosecutor.
107

''WITNESSES FOR THE STATE.
Dr. L. :M. Jones, :Miss A. V. Cross, :Mrs. S. J. Harris, Miss Lucille Andre, Charley Simpson, Eli Hubbard, Lillie Godard, G. VV. Hollinshead, Tom Ho1lis.
November Term 1908. "The Defendant Jim wilson waives being formally arraigned, and pleads not guilty.
CARL VINSON,
Connty Solicitor."
''Copy of Indictment and List of Witnesses sworn before Grand Jury waived before arraignment.
MooRE & :MooRE, Defendant's Attorney." "We the jury, :find the defendant not guilty.
H. F. AITCHISON, Foreman.''
DR. L. :M. JONES, RECALLED. Testified as follows:
Those parties who were charged with assisting these inmates to escape, were not attendants at all,
108

they were outside laborers, one was a night-watchman; 1t wasn't anybody's negligence at all that made itpossible for these men to get these women out of the Institution; these women were on the Female, Convalescent Ward over there, patients there, .that ,way, are. allowed the freedom of the wards. up to nine o'clock at night; that amusement hall, where they got out of, was always open until they got out: and then I had doors put there to keep them out at night; they had access to any part of the floor there.; it wasn't discovered they were gone until the next !?orning; OIJ.e of them was sleeping in. one of the dor- mitories, where there were thirty or forty patients sleeping, and the other was sleeping in a room .to he:rself; she had taken a doll and put it in the bed, just like she was sleeping, and the nurse went to the door to close the door or something and tho.ught the patient was in bed and came on out, and didn't miss her; it was reported to me earl-y Sunday morning, about the time I got up, and I went immediately and made a thorough investigation over there, and -after the investigation, I clidn 't consider that the parties who had immediate control of 'these patients were negligent, and there was no discharge made as to those people; there was one of these people that slept up stairs, and it was repo:rted to me that one of the nur.ses gave her the key, she couldn't have got clown stairs to this bottom floor unless the doors had: been left open-:-it was reported to me. that this nurse gave the patient the key to go to the closet-she pre.: tended that she wanted to go to the. closet to get some clothing she wanted, and she went to the closet

.:.'

109

and' got the. cl~thing, as she pretended, and returned

the key to the attendant and went on down stairs

with this other patient, where they had all planed it

the day before, and instead of going to the closet,

she 'opened the stairway door that led down to the

i

bottom floor, and in collusion with the other patient,.

i
J

they. met these men; these patients were taken clown

in the amusement hall, where the attendants don't

stay-tb._ey don't stay down there, they stay up in

front-and these patients went down there where it

was a goocl place to get out without attracting any-

body's attention; the wire was just like this chicken

wire_:_cutit very smoothly and went out; .as a rule, it

is a very hard matter for a female patient to get out

without attracting somebody's attention; the at-

tendants sit up until nine o'clock; after that we have

night watches that patrol the wards; go around

every hour in every building we have got; we got

pretty straight aftet the nurse up stairs al)out this

escape; there was a good deal of talk about her letting these patients, or rather, this pati~nt, down

stairs, and she left-didn't give us chance to dis-

charge her; we would have discharged her if she had

given us chance, but she left without giving' us the '

chance; this was a green nurse, one that we had re-

centl~ employed; she gave the key to the patient-

that was against the rules, she ought to }lave gone herself-1t is again?t our rules for nurse~ to give

the keys to patients, and we would have discharged

her if 'she hadn't gone off; and she was afraid we

wo~1ld :find out she had given the keys_to the patient

and that's the reason she left; we sent those two

110

laborers on the grounds to jail; they came back here to work, but they didn't get work. Those women got out Saturday night about eight o'clock, and it wasn't discovered until the next morning, when they went to open the rooms, found they were missing, and they were recovered next Sunday afternoon in Milledgeville, trying to make their way to the railroad-only out one day and night; they have been discharged since, and are not here now.
As to whether I think that the time the attendants have to serve is entirely too long; we11, they are not on active duty all this time; after they get through supper, they are in the rooms sewing, doing things like that; of cou"rse, though, if anything comes up on the wnrd, they are there to do it-anything that comes up; they get. up at light and they are on duty until nine o'clock that night, but they are _not on active service all the time, but just there to be called upon if ?-ecessary.
One of these men who aided in that escape, was working in the back yard that day, running the boiler, and he was seen to be talking to these girls through the window during the day, and the girls were reprimanded for talking to them-it's against our rules for the patients to talk through the windows to anybody; he was an employee, running the boiler in the back yard, and the other man was the night-watch, outside night-watch; there was another woman escaped from the s~me hall a short time after that; you know they are like a flock of sheep-when one goes the others try to go-where one goes the
111

others try to follow; I haven't had any eseape. since I put that door there.

Mr. Vinson: I would like to attach that ipdictm<:'mt as an exhibit to the testimony I have given.

, . (The indictment referred to will be found imm,~ diately following Mr. Vinson's testimony.)

Dr. Jones: vVe are authorized to refuse admis-

sions whenever a ward is over-crowded, or likely to

be over-crowded, but we hate to let these people lie

in jail; that might be the most efficient means to call

attention to the condition of the Asylum, rather than

let it become over-crowded. Quite early in th~ be-

ginning of my administration we did rejeQt them for

,:- ..

awhile; we moved out some of the white patients and made room for a few, but we were over-crowded and

~~:;:

we 'are getting about where we. will have to stop

r

taking them. As to the operation of the Colony

Farm, our success in operating it has been v~ry sat-

isfactory, indeed; I don't think it would be advisable

to work the negro women out that way, we work the

best negro women we have in the. laundries and

kitchens; we have two laundries; we work a good

many of them in the white laundry and a good many

in the colored; I don't think the greatest per cent.

of dismissals we have is from the Colony Farm, be-

cause we work the chronic class, as a rule, the acute

class of patients we don't send down there much,

because we can't risk them as well as the chronic

class that's harmless,'"it. is generally the chronic

.class, that are harmless, that we send down there,

as a rule.

112

DR. T. R. WRIGHT. Sworn, testified as follows:
I practice medicine, but principally surgery; .the Georgia State Sanitarium requested myself, with a committee, to visit such institutions as they saw fit, and to make comparative observations; that Committee was compoii>ed of Dr. Hall, of Milledgeville, Dr. Block, of Atlanta and myself; Dr. Block was, unfortunately, lmable to go, Dr. Hall and myse1f :inade the trip; we visited first,. the Insane Hospital in Indianapolis-the Central Insane Hospital, which has about 2,000 patients, we went through it in every part; our observation was that there was nothing in connection with the Institution that exceeded ours excepting their Pathological Department-their Pathological laboratory-and their hospital-nc;>t the insane hospital, but the hospital to care for the acutely sick, although insane, the injured, whether by accident or otherwise, and those who might be sick on the Staff; the appointment was as good as it could be in those lines; the Pathological Department is probably among the best in this country, as pertaining to the particular pathological work done along the lines of insanity; the care of the patients isn't one bit better than ours; their class of assistants and attendants is no better'-in fact, the Superintendent made that remark to us; their kitchen arrangements are not as good; their care for the tubercular insane is practically what ours is-they have no distinct tuberculosis hospital ; they try to segregate them within the wa11s themseives, which he admitted very promptly was not the right thing to do; he also brought forth this point, that is, it is a very difficult
113

matter to tell whether an individual has tuberculosis among the insane or not-it required observation, which they were not able to do; for instance, one case, they tried for a long time to get the sputum from a suspicious individual, and only got it after repeated efforts, when this individual was noticed to expectorate upon a sheet, and the sputum was at once gathered and carried to the Pathological Department. Now, I don't mean to say that that is an all-important factor, but sWl is a clinching fact to establish and :fix it--that,.s the way it is usually done. These patients not infrequently swallow the sputum ..i they get stubborn when you ask them. for it-he brought out all those factors and endeavored to show why it was hard at times to get that; the remark I made to Dr. Hall was that if I had been blindfolded, my senses gone except my nosei I probably would have recognized where I was; that is stated without any discredit to anybody, because you can't take an old building such as we have~such as they have, with the same character of floor, the same character of ventilation, the saine kinds of old watercloset urinals-everything of that kind-that was put into buildings :fifty or sixty years ago and expect the same kind of sanitary conditions and cleanliness you would expect to :find at this date-it is not in your own home, and you can't expect to :find it in hospitals built :fifty or sixty years ago. Their windows were like ours-carried one sash moving, another :fixed; now, we all know you can't get ventilation as perfect where the top sash is :fixed as
where it is allowed to come down; the cleanliness of
114

the wards wasn't any better than ours; the cleanliness of the floors no better; the cleanliness of the patients, the clothing, beds, bed-clothing and all, was in no degree any better than here in this Institution; we went then to the two institutions in Ohio; they are built upon the cottage plan-before I leave that, allow me to go back just a moment to Indianapolis; the Superintendent stated to us, along the line-we asked the question as to the time and hours of nursing; he told us, and followed it with the remark, which is perfectly true, and which is known to anyone connected with hospital management at a11, that you can't work a nurse eighteen hours a day and get good work, it is utterly out of the question-there isn't a man in this room that can work eighteen hours each day, week in and week out, and do the same good work, as if he had a reasonable time for recreation and amusement. As to amusement and work, he said to us, "under no circumstances will I allow my inmates to work;" the question was asked, "why?" His reply was, "gentlemen, my God, gentlemen, aren't the majority of these people sent here on account of hard work~ Is it right to work them 1" "But, Doctor, isn't it a good remedial measure~'' ''Some men might think so, but I am entitled to my opinion; on the other hand, take amusements, if the State of Indiana could give"on the question of amusements, now-"if the State of Indiana could give me one million dollars, I would spend it every bit on the line of amusements, giving these people all the entertainment and diversion I could; that does rriore good than anything else I
115

know of." To prove that, his amusement hall, while it was a little better than ours, was adequate; they had entertainments there on an average of three times a week; they were supplied with moving picture apparatus, with phonographs, with lectures; and upon that line, the remark was made, ''vVhy, Doctor, do they appreciate lectures~" "Why," he says, ''man, you would be surprised to realize how many of these people attend a lecture and will come away from the lecture room and tell you what has been said;'' opera troupes were there and every possible amusement, every possible game that they could use-croquet, tennis, base ball, foot ball-even to excursions, all those that it was possible to take out of the Institution, it was done; and he says, "I get my best results there, and so does the State, in the fact that we are enabled to keep them here a shorter time and so lessen the expenses to the State in their keeping." At Massillon, Ohio, and at Toledo, those Institutions are on the cottage plan. I give you my word, gentlemen, if none of you have ever been there, if you entered into the Institution, saw its magnificent grounds, its lawns, its flowers, its pond, artificial lakes and fount:1ins, you couldn't for one minute realize where you were; in fact, inmate after inmate, as Dr. Love, the Superintendent, said to us, fails to recognize where he is; it is so beautifully arranged and enchanting that the patient forgets he is in an insane asylum; and he mentioned the instance to Dr. Hall and myself, that there was a gentleman once, who said, "how did I get to this elegant hotel in which I am, with its beautiful sur-
116

roundings ~' ' He said that that )Ilan had been.transferred, if I mistake not, or sent .there from elsewhere, and was really getting well on the .idea that he was not in. an insane asylum, not in a prison, but in a place intended to restore him to health..Now, you would be .surprised, .too, if you could see how qeautifully decorated a gr~at many of; these places are-flowers in the wards, flowers in, the. halls, flowers in the dining room; these; people don't touch them, they don't destroy them, they- ratheg: e.njoy. them. In the dining rooms at Indianapolis it was very much on the congregate order; they are fed, of course, male and female, about like you would see here; in the. other places they are fed in congregate and in distinct cottages. From that point, we went to the largest institution in this country-that is at Ward's Island; the morning that Dr. Hall and Dr. Swint, from the Staff, reached Ward's Island, if I mistake not, there was 4,600 patients registeredwasn't it, Dr. Hall~ .

Dr. Hall: ' I think so, sir.

Dr. Pierce,' in the absence of the Superintendent,

very kindly gave us every opportunity that we could

possibly want, placing at our Clisposal, the carriage

of. the Institution, in which we went from place to

place.. Now there, it being of interest, we saw the

tuberculosis .cases; they were segregated, as f~r as

possible, 'in distinct buildings; :thpse buildings. a~e
cheap, but thoroughly adequate ..and will answer the;
purpose-'-cheaply built on. the pav~ii()n orqer,; vyell

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State of New York-has the means to build those places to accommodate that class of patients; but their record in the matter of deaths at ward's Island is no better than ours. T'aken as a whole, separating it into tuberculous patients, I think you will :find-I think there's a comparative statement made here somewheres-you will :find it is no better than ours, even with those accommodations. Now we saw in Ward's Island, in the wards, all throughout the buildings occupied by patients, that they were not only decorated in the manner in which I stated, but they were supplied with musical instruments, pianos and other musical instruments that could be used by patients; the Doctor who went with us, Dr. Griffin, called attention to that fact-he says it has a good influence. As we entered the room-if you will pardon a digression-we heard someone playing very nicely at the end of the hall. vVhen we came up to him he stopped for a moment; Dr. Griffin says to him, ''go on, these gentlemen would like to hear you.'' Whether he recognized from our appearance or not that we were Southern people, he began at once to play the MocTdng Bird. I remarked to Dr. Swint, "I wonder what effect playing something that these people will all recognize, will have upon them~" he says, "ask him to play what you want,'' which I did. I had previously noticed the faces, as they sat around, some reading, some doing npthing, one patient looking rather stolid, ten or :fifteen feet away from us. I said to the Physician and to this man, I said, ''if you don't object, play 'Home, Sweet Home' for us;' " an accomplished
118

musician, with a few chords by way of introductory of his own, he began on that plaintive piece; in a moment the aspect changed, this face lighted upanother showed that it appreciated something that carried him back-the whole attitude of that ward was changed in an instant, the individual stolid face began to show that he remembered that there was something in the distance that he longed for-tears began to come; it showed, too, another thing-that these people don't forget that there is another place better than the home which the State furnishes them, and which the State should make just as near home as it possibly could be. Isn't it righU Now, gentlemen, none of us.are exempt; anyone of us here may be in the same position; we are not exempt, n?t one single one of us; place yourself in the position of the individual who is between walls, not on his own account, possibly from heredity back of him, possibly, of circumstances beyond his control, but where he can do himself no harm, his family no harm, his community no harm, because that mental power is gone, is it right that he should be treated as a criminal? He is a sick man, just as much as anyone of you would be, whether pneumonia, whether typhoid fever or whatdisease, I care not, and entitled to just as good care; my opinion, professionally, is that we ought to beautify and furnish more amusement to this Sanitarium than we are doing and a good ma:o.y more things; I don't hesitate for one moment to say, my observation along the line in which this hospital is conducted is new; I lwow nothing about insanity~didn't profe_S's
.i :).1~

to-but my study of these places has proven to me, that anything at all, whether it be amusement, whether it be recreation, whether it be work, that can be given, ought to be done; of course, economically, carefully expended. The climatic conditions of Georgia are better than it is in those places where we visited-as to consumptives-but they must be in the open air to get the benefit of that climatic condition. Yon must bear this fact in mind, th~t the modern treatment of insanity differs from that of twenty years ago; observations and statistical results are now beginning to be made; you can't make statistical results upon two 0r three years standing~ I mean to be of value-but from what I can gatherand 1 believe that Dr. Hall will bear me out- they are beginning to show the good results of such treatment.
T'aking it all in all, as to our visit to these various institutions, our own Institution compares very favorably with them, barring the amusement proposition, and barring the fact, possibly, that we cannot treat our tubercular insane as we should do, and that we must get rid of certain things, the feeble-minded, for instance, I don't believe that they should be here; I would put them in a school to themselves; is it right to take a feeble-minded child and let it stay here and rot, when there may be a possibility of developing that mind to where it can be of service to itself and the community-has the State the right to do that, I ask you? I think the establishment of a school here for such patients as I am now speaking of would be not only a proper proceeding, but a debt
120

that the State owes; I want it understood right now: that Dr. Powell advocated that thing thirteen years ago-a schooL-and that they be taken away from here; it is in his reports, .black and white. As to the epileptics, the same thing, they should be separated from the insane ones; I certainly think the insane epileptics should be separated from the sane ones; I saw here some years ago, in going through this Institution-to give you an idea-a child, a sane epileptic; through force of necessity it was placed among the insane epileptics; that child was scarred by having been injured by some of the insane epileptics. .Now, gentlemen, anyone of . us may have epilepsy-any of ou:r chilch;en may have it; would you want your child placed in an institution with those that were crazy, because they were afflicted with a disease of that sort7. Those are,important questions; ask yourselves the question, ''must my child, because he is afflicted with J ohnsonian Epilepsy, be placed with those that are violently insane?" We found this class of patients in some few of the institutions that we visited; they were not separated, for the simple reason, not that they ought not to be, not that the Superintendents and attendants did not advocate it, but for the reason we have got here_:_no money to do it with,' though appeal after appeal had been made by these men that they should be, and each time disregarded; I can't. thmk anythinss else than that the biggest trouble with the Georgia .state Sanitarium is that the Legislature has' been too stingy with it.
Just here, along the line we have spoken of-,--
121

epilepsy and of the feeble-minded; the criminally insane comes next, the same question applies to that that ii does to anybody else; a general insane hospital is no place for an insane criminal or criminally inBane; Dr. Love said, ''they give us more trouble than any set of patients we have;" Dr. Inglehart, of Indianapolis, said, "there is no place for them in an ordinary insane hospital;'' VVarcl 's Island was the same thing; at Massillon, when we asked them if they kept them, they replied, "yes, we are obliged to do it,'' and pointillg to a barred room in the attic, in an upper story of the building, he says,.'' they are behind the bars there, those prison bars there; giving the idea to the other pa,tients in the Institution that they are in a prison.'' Gentlemen, I tell you, as an observer and as a Physician, the sooner the citizens of the State of Georgia are educated to the idea that insanity is no crime, it is an affliction, and they must be cared for as affiicted individuals, the- better it is for us.
I
. As to the criminally insane; they should be put by themselves, in a building separate entirely. I have been a membE}r of the- Board of Trustees two years, sir; as to whether it be a fact that the Boarcl of Trustees have to go year after year before tlie Georgia Legislature and plead and beg for the n.ecessities of this Institution before they can ever get them; without asking if I can repeat what he said t~ me, travelling home from our last meeting. the Honorable. Boykin VVright, from Aug11sta, was on the train; he said to me, "where have you been~" He was told; "how are you getting on~" "VVell; sir,
122

we get along as well as we can, Mr. Wright, on 34.7

cents a day." He said, "is that all1" I said "yes."

He said, ''Doctor, I can recollect that on the floor of

the House,. as .the .Representative from Richmond County, that Dr. Powell's bill has .been ~onshtntly

and repeatec}ly brought before the Georgia Legisla~

hue without getting any recognition at all." If I

misquote lVIr. Wright, I am sorry, but the inference

and what he intended to convey to me, was the idea

that the Georgia Legislature had failed to listen to

the man who knew more about the needs of this

Institution than any Representative,-with all due

respect,-in the Capitol, in Atla.nta, whose heart and

soul was in it, whose life-work was spent here, and

whose appe~l should have been listened to.

..

.;

These Institutions that we visited, we visited

them because they were regarded by the .profession

and.people who knew aboht it, as being examples of

as near approach as possible to what a perfect In~

stitution of that k.ind should be, and on the other

hand, that we wanted to get as nearly the same num-

ber of buildings and patients as we could; we

couldn't make comparison of new buildings with

these,-it wouldn't have been fair, and the Commit-

tee, in order to be fair. to all sides, we thought it

was best to go to the similar Institutions,-that were

built on the same lines as this; one single b11ilding

. in Indiana is seven-eigiliths of a mile long, built

on the same style as these buildings here.. If I

were going to build one new, I would start on the

cottage plan; with the buildings that we have here,

1 emphatically say that this Institution will compare

123

I

favorably with any other Institution we found, with

like buildings; and as to the Staffof Physicians, I

_rian't answer' any better than by saying. that the gentiemen co:ri.n~ctecl' with this Institution are known
all overtqe countty, ~nd I know that' one or two of

them have been asked to leave hel;e n:ri.d take other
pla~es, .for ~ore .m~iley th;nwe wJt~ paying them.

I .

.Tlris Institution, as now conducted, partly as a

' ._J

. 1





,



prison and. partly t)-S a Sanitarium for the imbeciles,

is no fault of the Board of Trustees;' it was intro-

duced in the report .that objec~ion was raised because

we had a: wall ~round a certain portiqn of our Insti-

tution; tha.t wall exists to a great measure in Phila-

delphia; it is within the city,-they might have left

it there on account of the fact that it is within the city. At Trenton, one of th~ hospitals in New Jer-

sey, an Institutio~ With 1,.800 patients, the time we

were there, as I went through with Doctor~I can't

call lris name' now,-r'noticed a twelve-foot fence

sm~'i6unding' a

yard

'
where

a

n~. ber

of

those

un-

fortunates were; I said, "Doctor, I am surprised to see that;" he says, '~What's the matter7"-That's

an old Institution, too-l said, ''We have been criti-

cized in Georgia because we have that;" says he,

"Criticized for what7" I said, "Simply because

we are protecting those people;" "Why," he says,

''my God, man, do you suppose for one instant that

it is right to expose those people,~are they animals

imd. caged up here to be seen, to be loob3d at 7 On the other liand, sha}i we lock the~ up in the top of

a hnildirig and deprive them of fresh air and sun-
a shine 7" That' is as unjust criticism, gentlemen,

124

. I
!

as was ever made against an Institution of this kind

on the face of the earth. Go back here to our Negro

Building; look at it, the fault of n'obody except the demented niiricl;' see the :ri~gro wo:l:dan who will tear
.off her clothing as fa~t as' put on, t-lil:nedloose on

these 'grounds; is she' the fit subject for ahyone to

see? Is it just to expose her just' because she is

insane? By n'o means.. Thank God we have got it, ~na if it wasn't there, .I would be willing, as one

member of this Board, and I believe. I wcnild be sec-

. onded by all of them, to go before the Georgia Legisiature and beg them in the name of God and human~

ity to give it to us. ~n the first place, we have no

i;ight to deprive them of Slmshine and fresh air; it costs nothing,-it costs :to keep them shut'up~in those

; ~'

barn3d walls above. That was noticed, 'agafn, in

gTeat measure, at 'St. Eliz:abeth~ !in Washington.

There a wall existed too, and wherever the proper
pr?tectiori: of' cases. of that s'ort is do:b.e; it is done

behind the wall,-for the good of the individual, for
the good bf the patient. I:ri the matter of tubercu-
losis; in Philadelphia. they are' ehde~voring to send

those patients 'now to a new station they have; they have segregated them' i~ the wards there as much

as they can; the same is true in Trenton, they are
trying to' do it there'. At St'. Elizabeth, at Wash-

ington, they also want to make that same 'segrega-

tion, allbelievingthat it isjust, all believing that it

is right Do yoli know that, among the very first persons dealing:with insanity in this country,~and

. be it said to his credit and to his honor,-that recom-

mendittion comes, as ainong the very first, from Doc-

125

tor T. 0. Powell, who was the- Superintendent of

this Institution. Now say that no proper attention

has been paid to this class of people-. Make the accu-

sation, when that appeal is made to the Georgia Leg-

islature and lie dead on the table,-it can't be denied

that that is a fact, that the possible appropriation

of the small sum of money,-even that was criti-

cized, with the Negro Building here, to take care of

them. We all know that since the War, the death

rate among the negroes has been enormous, some

statisticians going so far as to say that fifteen or .

twenty years, left to themselves, they will be a dead

race, they do not know how to care for themselves.

In the language of a distinguished gentlemen in my

town,-two of them,-a while ago,-they made the

statement that prior to the vVar, with enormous

practices, on the plantations and of, they have never

seen a case of tuberculosis among the negroes. See

the onus that is now thrown upon the State; keep

them together, let them disseminate theii: infection

among others, without protection, and what does it

mean 1 I t is dreadful to think of. At Toledo,-he

don't mind my making that statement, when he. said

to Docto:i Hall and myself, ''we are putting these

patients, for want of room and want of money,

among the old and the bed-ridden and the insane

that we 'never expect to get well.'' Because I hap~

pen to be older, because- I happen to be younger, has

the State of Ohio, any more than the State of Geor-

gia, the right to put me in a position where I will

contract some disease, because I have to be re-

strained by the State1 Is it right, is it jusU vVould

l

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126

you want your wife or your daughter placed in that position ?-your brother or yourself~ where, because the State has not taken care of them, those that can't take care of themselves,-! am to contract trouble, which should I possibly get able to go home, and carry it into my own family, and by that means disseminate it not only through my own, but through the community in which I live~ There are certain propositions, gentlemen, which go upon the shoulders of you, as Representatives of the State of Georgi?, and this is among them. Let it be remembered, it is just as much your duty to protect the poor unfortunates in this Institution as it is to make good laws for the good government of this State. Had the amount of time which was expended upon the study of the protection of the State in its Prohibition Laws been applied here, you would have seen a vastly different state of affairs. Down in vVashington, we were told that the criminally insane had no business in that Institution. You go to look at it, and you find that Howard Ha11,-named after the great Philanthropist,-holds those people on the ground that it is bad to put them in among the others. The Pathological-work here is also good. Now, let me have just a moment more to tell you about the hydro-therapeutic plan. That is a modern idea; the contention that the old bath tub is unsanitary, is correct,-1 don't care how much you clean it. In Philadelphia they had recently placed there a hydrotherapeutic plant; it is in beautiful working order and is doing great good, as Doctor Hall told us. In Washington, again, at St. Elizabeth's, at Trenton, a
127

new one has been just established at a cost of $3,500. You see it is not excessively expensive, and if it cost forty times that amo~mt, if it restored one of the acutely insane to health, just think what it has clone. If some member of our families was restored at a cost of $3,500.00, you would turn every stone under Heaven to do it,-wouldn't you do it, now~ Take a common-sense view of it; argue the question with yourselves-it is needed and needed badly. I haven't asked the Staff about that, I haven't felt it was necessary; I don't believe that there is anything relative to the treatment of this class of cases that this Staff is not able and willing and .will be glad to put into practice just as soon as the State of Georgia gives it to them. I won't detain you fl-irther, gentlemen. I can't give you approximately the number of tuberculosis patients in this Institu. tion; I have no doubt it can be given you, though.
Doctor Jones: It would be sorter guess-work, without the number was gone over and put down accurately in each ward, we could ascertain the number. (Upon inquiry, Doctor Jones stated that he vyas i~formed by Doctor 'Nalker that he' had in his department (Negro Building), 26; Doctor Long-
ino, also in the negro department, 25 tubercular pa-
tients.)
At this point, upon motion, the Committee took a recess until the afternoon, at 1 :30 o'clock
128

\. I

~Pursuant to adjournment, the hearing was -re-

' I

sumed W ednesclay afternoon, November 10th, 1909,

at 1:30 o'clock, all the members present at the morning sessio.n being p~esent. T'he following proceed-

ings were l1acl and testimony taken:

DR. J. M. vVHITAKER, being duly sworn, testified as follows:

ExAMINATION BY REPRESENTATIVE BAKER:

I hold the position of First Assistant Physician

here; I have charge of the Convalescept Buildings

and then I inspect all around-the water-closets and

all around-the general builc~ings I try to go over

;them every week or two; I go to the convalescent

every clay, when there are sick over there, every clay;

sometimes, when Dr. Jones is gone, I have to act in

the office and I don't have time to go ; my inspection

of the buildings includes the sanitary conditions, re-

pairing ancl all that, anything that needs repairing

I go ~mdgive an orclerto Captain DeSaussure, and

direct the attendants in the wards to anything that

is wanting correcting; the Physicians in the various

wards are under me, I have general supervision over

their work; if I know, of anything that is wrong, of

i

course it is my duty to report it. In going through

the buildings I look at the condition of the patients,

_I go through occasimmlly to see how many is sick

and so forth. My salary is $2,100 a year and house,

..

129

' .: ~

.;

'--<:
~. I I . I

lights ancl :fuel, ancl I can buy -anything else that I

want, but the State don't :furnish anything else be-

sides the house, light and fuel. I have been here ,

thirty years.

.

.

From a health standpoint, the Institution, I think,

is in pretty good condition; of course, occasionally

we have had a few cases of small-pox, something

like that, for instance; the general condition is get-

ting better each year; I think we occasionally have

some typhoid fever,-we have very few acute, ex-

cept pneumonia; our facilities for treating diseases

is better than it has been in the- past, the general

health of the patients seems to be building up. Of

course,. they go out in the yard every evening, we

go. there and don't see them; sometimes we go out

in the yard and ask the nurses if there 'is anybody

that's sick or needs any attention at all; sometimei3

we go out in the yard and see them; when a patient

is in bed h~ is visited, once or twice a day, some-

times three or four times-just according to the cir-

cumstances, in the morning at half past eight I go

around and inspect, and then in the afternoon, if

necessary, if they are quite sick, sometimes after

'supper, and if it is necessary during the night they

have a telephone and the nurses telephone us, so

we can come at any time.

To rent such a house as I have, I would have to pay for it, in the city, fifteen or twenty dollars a month.
vYe have an Infirmary, if they get right sick we ,move them over there to where we can attend to

130

them better, and if they want to go back we move them back, when they get well enou_gh; that Infirmary is under the supervision of a Physician constantly; the female nurses are the best we can get, we try to get females who have an education; we make them write to see that they can spell pretty well; often we have ~them come here when they can't spell or write, and of course we don't take them. vVe take them on trial, we tell them now,-in fact, we don't let them put on a uniform for a month or two, and tell them that if they don't think they would like the work, they can quit after the month we take them; we have discovered among the female nurses some inclined to be turbulent or ill towards the patients or inmates, and we sent them off; when we discover that, first we talk to them and tell them they must do better, and if they don't do better, we have to send them home; it _is the custom of the Institution, as soon as we find out that kind of a person, we get rid of them; all of the Doctors do that; I don't know of any now in the employ of this Institution of a violent temperament, or that are inclined towards ill-treatment towards the patients. There was eighteen quit last month.,_sixteen, really, quit because the Committee-they thought they would ask them some questions-the other Committee asked them some bad questions; they wouldn't mind a Doctor asking them, but right before the crowd they didn't like it, and they just quit,-they gave the notice,-we require them to give fifteen days, and we pay them up to that time; if they quit befor~ giving that notice, we don't pay them for it; they
131

gave as an excuse, that the other Committee's ques-

tions were embarrassing to them. Sixteen of them

quit and we discharged two for being a little rough,

one was Miss Lockhart and the other Miss Allen; it

was reported they were a little rough about one pa-

tient; we don't think a nurse that way would make

a g0od nurse. In regard to the male nurses, we

try to have them as good as we can; of course, the

most trouble we have with the males-they are bet-

ter now than they used to be-they would drink a

good deal, before Doctor Powell died, I think one

Sunday we sent home seven-got on a I;egular razee;

hut for their :first offense, we let them come back

after thirty days; now there's two or three that

made real good nurses after that,-they promised

tl1ey wouldn't take another drink while they stayed

here; I don't remember that we had to discharge

any in the last yeat or two for ill-treatment of the

patients, except those two that I mentioned,-of the

females,-yes, I think they discharged some, I didn't

have much to do with t.hat, though. In my duties,

supervising the buildings and so on, I am thrown

more in contact with the nurses than the rest of the

I -

physicians are, I have a better opportunity, from the

position I occupy, to see and become acquainted with

the whole class of them, than any of the rest of the

Physicians, besides Doctor Jones; by seeing all of

them, as to whether I know of any ill-treatment or

mal-treatment of any patients or inmates of this In-

stitution that has occurred in the last twelve months,

from any nurse or employee of this Institution,

there's the two females I told you about; I don't re-

132

member about the males, I have forgotten about them, we have got a list there, I think there was a. few., I forget exactly how many ther& was; that cruelty consis.ted of different thing's; sometimes they choke a patient, strike them,-we get the evidence of it and give it to Doctor Jones and he discharges them; we require them to sign. a book at the end of the month,-they all have to sign the book before they get their pay-that they haven't mistreated a patient nor have they seen one mistreated, and if they say they have, they must tell who it was,_:_they must tell that. Sometimes I ask the patients if they have been mistreated, I do very often, but, of cour_se, a heap of them will tell you that any time, they will say that when there isno sort of evidence of it; that seems to be a general complaint, and we investigateother patients and see if they have been mistreated, generally I can tell from the attendant; I know about . three years ago I had to discharge some-Doctor Powell was sick-three men I discharged, that was three or four years ago-two threw a patient down and choked him, and we sent them home; we onlz had the patient's word, and I asked him several times, and I am satisfied he told the truth; where we investigate from the patients, and me satisfied they tell the truth, we report it to the Superintendent, and if he is gone, I discharge them, just as if we had other proof; I think the general condition of the Sanitarium now, as to treatment of patients, is better than it has been, more systematically arranged, [\Tid by g'etting it mor_e systematically arranged, it batter enables us to look after and :find out these

. ' .' ._: .,,

133

things; then we have a Supervisor, who reports a good many things, he reports. a good many cases he finds, sometimes, if he. sees anything wrong-j;nst any little thing, we :fine them sometimes one dollar, sometimes :fine them :five dollars, and tell them if we hear any more of that we will discharge them-just any little thing, such as catching hold of a patient and shaking them.:_we tell them that we will discharge them-they must not use any harsh words. I stay around the buildings all day, I come up here until twelve, and go down home to dinner, to my house.

During the last two years I don't suppose there

has been one day that there has been rio physician

I .'",

about these grounds at all; we always have an officer

of the day, he sometimes has to make his rounds.

but he tells them where he is at, they come in there

and telephone him and he comes right back, but he

comes in the office and stays there always. vVe

never let more than two or three away at a time,-

at least four, anyhow; the other day there was four

off, Doctor J.ones went to LaGrange and told me

not to let any more off-three went over there to

examine Doctor Elliott over there.

As to the conditions being better now as compared with :five or ten years ago, and whether I have. any data as to what per cent. of the patients is cured now, as compared with then, I don't know about that, because it depends upon the duration of the case, of the patients, you lmow,-the condition of the patients and the length of time that they are

< -:

that way, you know, we try to get their history,. how

long they have been insane-if they have been in-

sane two or three years, as a general thing, there

isn't much hope; of course, sometimes you can't get

it, especially among the negroes, it's a hard matter

to get it,-ancl among the ignorant people, it's a hard

matter to get proper clata,-we do the best we can;

we keep the history, and then we take that history

and they are examined; patients come in, they have

got two reception wards on the female side and two

on the male side, two on the color"ed; they take that

history and examine them and try them there for

ten days,-examine them and see if they have any

physical trouble or what condition we think they are

in,-how insane they are, and then we. move them

where we think they ought to be; sometimes they

are very noisy, we try to put them back where they

I

won't disturb the better class of patients; but there

have been so many that we really can't do like we

I

ought to. Now, at the Convalescent, we have got

some right bad ones, two or three there that we had

I

to feed~they imagined they were poisoned-had

I

two there that tried to suicide in the last week; some

of them rear and holler all night-we have no way

to move them back; if they get too bad, and at night,

we swap them back there; the other clay I just

swapped one that wasn't so bad,-the hack buildings

there-it was all filled up; we want more room, we

have got some room over there, on the bottom floor,

for instance, the very best ward, we don't like to put

very noisy patients there; got plenty of room for

the white males, but the colored is badly crowded;

135

got :fifty or sixty on the floors there that we have got

no rooms for-terribly crowded. We keep pretty

well up on the condition of the patients, try to know

when one ought to be sent back horne, the Doctor

who is in charge especially, he examines him care-

fully; if he gets better any of us see them-they

generally beg you ''say, Doctor, I think I ought to

go horne," lots of times they want to go horne when

they are not really :fit to, most of them want t9 go

horne. Some of them we have got don't want to go

horne, tell Y?U th'ey are sick, have got no horne, they

know they will have to go to the poor house, and they

don't want to go. Now some of them knew the Com-

mittee was corning, and they wanted us to tell the

Committee .that they didn't want to go. This has

been a sort of dumping ground for the poor houses,

-they have been dumping their poor off on the In-

stitution here, there's no doubt about that; now

Baldwin County, they sent one oldneg;ro here that I

happened to know, they brought him out here, and

I told Doctor Powell that the old negro wasn't in-

sane, just weak-minded, and we wouldn't take him,

and because we woulc1n 't take him, they just turned

him loose on the street; I used to see him every day

I went there; he had regular commitment papers, the

Sheriff brought him out here, and we wouldn't take

him because we were crowded at that time; we would

have taken him if we had had room for him, we

would have had to take them if we had had roorh

for them, but they will try to slip them in on us-

good many of the counties will do that. We keep

on :file h~re all the commitment papers by which the

'

;

136

patients are assigned to this Institution, and can go through and get them any time we want them; I am positive there's no patients here in this Institution that's not been committed here legally, unless it's way back yonder; way back, before they passed that law about the ten clays. Mr. Hall came here and asked if we required the ten clays, and Doctor Powell told him no; and he says ''you must give them ten day's notice." vVe have had' them to say that they forgot the paper, and upon their honor that he had been committed, and that they had given the ten ' clays' n9tice, and that they would bring the paper,that they just forgot the paper; if there is a patient in this Sanitarium now, bTought here by an inc1ividual and placed here irrespective of any investigation by the Ordinary, we didn't know it; now a great many patients will tell you that they have never been committed, a great many of them .will tell yon that, because they don't let them.lmow it, sometimes the jmy will go and see them' one at a time and then they have them committed and don't let them know it, and they will tell you they have never been committed~lots of them will tell you that, but we have a commitment or we wouldn't take them; they generally cany them up to Doctor Allen's or carry them up in Milledgeville and put them in jail-and then we don't take them if-when they are pregnant, if they are females.
In my opinion, our corps of physicians is sufficient to give the proper medical attention to the num-ber of patients we have got here; there's many of them that's not sick.
137
.,

::, ~.):~'''~~~-~~~Y(:.d -_ - - - - ,

r ~

, ..:~

\.~

, .

The attendants throwing down and choking and

beating patients, I think that is a violation of the

law of the State of Georgia; but the trouble is, we

didn't know of it, we couldn't prosecute them, be-

cause we coulc1n 't prove they did it; I was satisfied

the patient told the truth, he told me~I asked him

two or three times-and then they went to Dr. Powell

and told him they didn't choke him, and Doctor

Powell told him he would l:!ave to come and talk to

Doctor "Whitaker, and they didn't do it, but they we:p.t

off, and I was satisfied if they had been innocent they

would have come to me about it when Dr. Powell told

them that; while Doctor Powell was sick I prosecuted

one for whipping a negro, and they sent him up for

'twelve months for it; ifwe get the evidence we prose-

cute them, but as a general thing we can't get the

evidence; it's just like when these girls were taken -

'

down here-if ,we get the evidence we prosecute them, but if we can't get the evidence, why, of course,

we don't prosecute them-no use doing it, you lmovy.

1t has been charged here, somewhere, that abortions have been produced on some of the inmates here. There's no such thing been done here, no sir; I lmow of some miscarriages,-married women coming here-that's some time ago, though, a long time ago; there's been no abortions produced here, I'm sure of that. There was one illegitimate birth here a long time .ago, about :fifteen years ag~; a patient that got under the house here,-I reported him two or three- times,..:_caught him in there smoking, I think-'-I aidn 't know what he was after, and I told Doctor Powell, and he told the attendant if he

..__ - -' ~- -- - --------

138

..~ -::
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didn't get that man up,-keep him locked up,..:.__he

would discharge him; he would let him sit out at

the door down to the detached building, and he would

slip out, now and then, and he got in the basement

and he got one of the patients,-a female,-ancl she

had a miscarriage. Doctor Powell reported to the

Trustees, and it was in the Macon paper. No acts

of immorality have occurred here in the last :five

years, to my personal knowledge. It is not possible,

under arrangement at present, for the males and

I

females to get together; now, we have a negro clown

. I

here, he did work in the dairy, he wo11ld get in just

about light, and we found that a negxo woman was

pregnanti,~she had a miscarriage, I c1on 't know

whether it was-well, anyway she had a miscarriage,

but it died, and sh~ said a negro man,-said.it was

a patient, and we asked him and he said he did,-

,he owned up to it, said he did, said he put a box

in there in the window and went through the window

bius, and Doctor Powell had them wires put up in

the window. These were the only two cases that I

know of,-one was the white woman-those have

been eight to ten years,-all of ten years, the negro,

.-and about :fifteen years ago the white. We have

to be very careful about them, we don't let the~ get

together at all; we don't let a female out at all with-

out an attendant with her. I heard about that, but

it was a low-down woman that told it,-not a word

of truth in it,--that's what these girls didn't like.

139 .. ;

DOCTOR J. vV. MOBLEY, Sworn, testified as follows:
I am one of the Assistant Physicians here, I think I came here in 1897; my duties when I came here, I was Assistant Pathologist; I was mostly in the Laboratory, and at the same time had warcl work; at present, my work is entirely on the wards; I have my special work, and a portion of it being half of the reception ward, White Female Department; for instance, take the White Female Department, and the Reception vVard is divided into two wards; the object of that is to give more care,-to go more carefully into the cases, and the work is too much on one Physician, and so Doctor Little has the other .half. So far as the Reception Ward is concerned, when patients are received there, such observation is made as is necessary to determine provisionally whatever their mental status might be, and classify them provisionally; that is done by general observation of the patient,-that is, the mental and physical conduct of the patient, observing both, and making notes on them and keeping them there as long as we can for observation, and in moving them to the different wards in the building, wherever we might find a vacancy; in moving them to the different wards, no attention paid to the past standing of the patient, socially, mentally they are classified, as far as we can; it is impossible, at all times, to place a patient just exactly as we would have it, in relation to his mental condition,-socially, there is no special discrimination made that way; in other words, we might have a well-to-do man,-say
140

a well-to-do woman, and if she was exceedingly ex-

cited, and it was necessary to remove her from the

Reception Ward, why she would be put where she

could be best .handled, our classification is with ref-

erence to the mental condition rather than the social

status of the patient; we find it is better, we can

treat them better where we have them all in a men-

ial classification; we have some wards that you

couldn't keep a very excited, destructive patient on,

n.ot with advantage to the patient, because it

i

might become necessary to exclude her for a

!

while,_:_! mean seclude her for a while-and if ,

she was very :filthy, there might not be any portico

on that ward that would be satisfactory; and, of

course, the condition of the patient has a great deal

to do with the ward in which she is kept; while that

is not absolutely the rule, yet that's the aim, that's

the purpose of this classification.

I am thrown in direct contact with the nurses or

attendants; my experience has been that the nurses'

conduct has been very favorable, so far as my own

service goes; I am not responsible for any other,

unless I am detailed into that service by the Super-

intendent; my service throws me with the female

attendants only, at this time; I don't know of any

mal-treatment or cruelty that's been inflicted upon

any patient by any attendant within a reasonable

time back; on the other hand, frequently there- is

some scuffle that might arise through the effort,-a

kindly effort on the part of the attendant to atten.d

-to her duty in attending to that duty; it is

.. 1

.not at all the rule on my ward to allow them

141

to strike them, only such physrcal force as is neces,sary to control them, and four or :five nurses might try to handle one actively insane patient, and the patient might be scratched-she might be breaking out glasses-just as an illustration-I have a patient on the Nineteenth Ward, we had her secluded because she was simply ~oing aroliml the ward breaking up everything, and it is so much better to seclude them, those kind of patients, than to try to handle them,-I mean by manual force,-and she was put into the room-of course I always know that they go into the room,---=-and she broke the wire guard-well, you may go up and see the glass yourself-I suppose, at least sixteen windpw lights in there before they were able, advantageously able to do with her what they wanted fo -th<:}y transferred her to another room, and in breaking that glass she may have scratched herself, and four or :five of the attendants or ws many as two attendants may have gone in there, and without noticing any scrat'ch, they didn't know whether, in trying to change her,-I mean they didn;t know whether this may have resulted from the glass or whether it may have occurred in the scuffle; however, there is nothing very serious of that character, that is, in my observation, that has ever occurred; I mean, now, in reason, in recent clays, of course, I have never known of any malicious act on the part of any attendant -to mal-treat a patient, no brutal treatment, nothing that would come up to that stand. ard of expression; not to say that a party of menthat is, of my own knowledge-that is, attendants,
142

deliberately tried to hurt a patient,-it has never been my observation in this Institution; there have been rumoi"S of it, but yet, at the same time, so far as I have been able to ascertain, no such thing as that has ever existed.
In the treatment of my lady patients, female patients, I :find it advantageous to have them out of the rooms as much as possible, and that I do, I let them go out upon the yards, such as I can allow; in fl;le mornings in the porticos, what are_ known as sun rooms, and if the weather is favorable, those patients who are not morally or mentally or physically suited for the front yards.
I have the supervision of the foods in my ward, that's all; I think that food is good, suitable food for my patients, suitable in quantity; I think it is all right in preparation, that is, for the per capitait is all rig11t; I have extra dishes for my sick patients in this way, oftentimes, there may be a few feeble patients on the ward that don't eat very well; then we are privileged to write for tomatoes, cocoanuts, eggs, crackers, oat meal and such things, any of those things that they may have at the store house.
As to whether there is anything lacking, in my judgment, in the ward that I have charge of, in the treatment and accommociation of these unfortunate people, I think, sir, that that is a matter of opinion, Mr. Chairman, inasmuch as the more Physicians we have, the more scientific work we can do; and, of course, as a matter of fact, the more nurses we have,
143
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the better protection a patient can receive; I think it might be said, in my opinion, not desiring to conflict with anyone else, that the female nurses might be increased some, if we can get them, but it is hard to get them; that's in my own service and in my opinion; but the food and number of attendants are at this time sufficient to get along without any severe criticism, morally or otherwise; but yet, at the same time, ihe high standard to be reached, so far as amusements is concerned, why they have been already referred to; there are quite a number of musical instruments on the female side,-I don't know whether there are on the male, that I don't know, but in some of my wards, quite the majority of my wards, they have access to musical instruments. So far as the foocT is concerned- it could be improved, but it is good, wholesome food-just what you saw up there on the ward; in my opinion, that food is quite sufficient to keep them pl'Operly nourished; I mean with the extras that we might be privilegedto write for them.
I know of no immoral acts on the part of females, with the exception: of those alr_eady referred to, I mean with regard to those prosecutions that have been spoken of, about those women escaping from that amusement hall.
The night watchman watches the buildings, they are double locked; the attendants' rooms are on the . wards, with the exception of some of the Infirmary _folks that sleep ov~r the Apothecary over here.
In case of sickness during the night, with a pa-
141:

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tient having a :f'it, we'll say,-the nurse off in one

place in bed, as to how they get notice to the nurse,

well, the nurse is supposed to go around all during

the night, every hour; you see, every nurse has a:

certain number of wards-just to illustrate, the In-

:firmary has regular hospital nurses,-what we mean

by In:firmary would correspond to a general hospital

in a city,-and its principal object is to treat the

physically diseased; they are transferred there from

the different services,-that is, those in the In:firm-

ary are,-the different white female departments, if

necessary, if the attending Doctor thinks it is neces-

sary; now, there are regular night nurses there,. of

course, that are active,_ you know-it's run as far

as possible like a regular hospital; on the Reception

Ward, there's probably a nurse that has just two

wards, because the new cases are there, and they

are, of course, expected to cover less time; that at-

tendant is required to keep going all night, every

liour; of course, if she shouldn't go, we can see that,.

-she makes a record of her night's work, that is

her requirement, and i{ I :find out she is not doing .

her duty, we would report it to the Superintendent

I get $15?.00 a month salary, or $1,900 a year, and my quarters, fuel and lights; I am not furnished' board, I buy m.Y own provisions, I buy some at the store house, we get so~e what are known as perquisites, that only amounts to getting goods at cost, plus :five per cent. for defraying transportation expenses, freight and so on; I buy most of my stuff in town-I get beef out here, I buy that here because I think it is better.

145

As to how many patients each nurse has to care

for, that's right hard to answer, sir, they are sup-

posed to carry about thirteen patients, about thir-

teen pa_tients to one nurse; of course, that varies a

good deal, as circumstances require, becausH we

might have two nurses short on a ward-if one gets

sick, why, of course, they have a less number there,

or that is, more patients to a nurse until somebody

is detailed. That would approximately cover it,~

thirteen patien.ts to one nurse; it isn't really en'ough,

but answering the question on the general plan

which the Chairman mentioned, we have gotten along

fairly well with them. There are absolutely not

any times when the Physicians are all away from here, not since I have been h~~~; I can't answer pre-

viously to that time; as to how many at a time leave-

the premises, that's a matter largely with the Super-

intendent; in my observation, something like three

or four,-there may have been four away tempora-

rily, only for a short while, always enough retained

here to meet any emergency that might be required,

. ,

or that might arise, and where four are away, it

is only for a very short period, and Doctor Jones

and Doctor Powell, too, has let as many as three off

for a short while, fot a day or two or three days.

None of the Physicians here take outside practice,-

pay practice, only in the way of consultation in

ner:rous and mental diseases, which is very. infre-

quent, it doesn't amount to anything at all; in other

_ _words, there is no _inducement to respond_ to an out-

side call, we all rather not do it, and when we do it,

we do it more as a matter of ticcommodation to the

different employees.

146

It is the general inclination of certain patients to complain about ill-treatment; I can't tell the Com.:. mittee why they do that; some of the patients are irritable, on account of their mental trouble, natuTally irritable, a great many of them complain a:bsolutely without cause, and many complain without any basis whatever for their statements, as a :r:ule it _is the same class of patients that make the same complaint, as a rule, it isn't general, it is usually confined to a few patients. Cases of paranoia, for instance, always believe they are badly treated, that they have been persecuted, and in many depressive insanities they frequently have the same idea of bad treatment; it is a delusion; some .imbeciles have the same ideas.
DOCTOR E. M. GREEN, Sworn, testified as follows:
I was made Clinical Director the first of this month; up to that time I had been Assistant Physician here; up to the time I was elected or appointed Clinical Director, I had charge of one of the Reception Wards,_:_l\llale Reception Wards, and had charge of what we call the Cabaniss Building, one of the .Twin Buildings, having been in charge of that ever since the opening oi it, five years ago,six years ago this month; my position in that ward necessmily threw me in direct contact with my at-
147

tendants; the, average class of attendants in charge

there was from the same class o.f men that we get

.policemen,-some farmers; people from the farms,-

general class; we have had some bad characters

there, but I don't know of any case of cruelty in the

last few years-I wouldn't be able to answer that

question without going over the Supervisor's re-

ports,-he keeps a list of those things. I can't rec-

ollect, since I had charge of the building, of any

case of cruelty, though we got complaints; the

Supervisor keeps those things and I would have to

see his reports to know definitely; the complaints

usually came from the patients, and I examined the

patient and asked him to give a full account of the

trouble and what other patient or attendant saw .it,

and I would go to those people and get their account

of it, and then get the account of the attendant com-

plained about, and then send the Supervisor to see

the patient and to see their witnesses and other at-

tendants and in that way, we tried to get a full ac-

count of the trouble; I have seen some scratches on

patients' necks, and have had their accounts of bad

treatment-I can't state now what cases those were

without seeing the Supervisor's reports; after hav-

ing found out the guilty parties, they were dis-

charged at once, I never did get sufficient proof to

criminal1y prosecute any of th.em; I have never

..

known anyone retained on duty that after investiga-

tion was found to be guilty of cruel. treatment to a

patient; they were all immediately discharged on

proper investiga:tion.

In my present position, my duties are, I have

148

general supervision of the whole medical, dental and dispensary work, see that all new cases arH examined, all new patients, see that the records are properly kept and visit the sick whenever necessary, that I keep on :file; our Board of Physicians are supposed to meet every clay, we have been meeting every week.
The way it has been conducted, one man has be.en appointed each week to present a patient; he brings that patient and another man is appointed to examine him and then each member of the Staff, if they have any questions to ask, they make their own examination, then at the end of the examination, each one gives their opinion as to the diagnosis and it isdiscussecl, that enables us to better thoroughly diagnose a case, [mel it is the custom to pick out difficult cases 'in the Institution. for those examinations. My salary vvill be $2,100, with lights, fuel and house, 'that's a part of my compensation, in adclition to the $2,100; the rental value of the house I live in is from eight to ten dollars a month, I would consider that a fair rental value; as to what would be the value of my fuel and light per annum, I never ha.ve kept house, Colonel, I don't know, I should say it would be possibly $75.00.
I have never known of any attendant or employee about this Institution who has been retained by this management here that has been guilty of cruelty to these patients. I do not know of any immorality _being _carried on in this institution, I know of nothing but drinking in the past; as to the custom of
. .. ,
149

I
the authorities in this Institution, when they found out an attendant or employee was drinking, if the case was not a very :flagrant one, if it was just a case of an attendant drinking out in the grolmds, why he was suspended for thirty days, for the first offense, and if it was repeated, he was discharged for it; if it was on the wards, he was discharged at once. In my opinion, as Clinical Director, and from my general observation here, this Institution is car-ried on better than other Institutions of the same class, with the same appropriation.

We expect to establish a training school here

next year; we have been lectiiring to the nurses

through the year, hut it was not satisfactory, be-

case we haven't had a regularly established train-

ing school, but we are going to do that, now; as to

whether nurses are changed from one department

to another, or constantly stay in one department

from the time they come here until they go away,

we have certain nurses that stay on the sick wards,

the Infirmary wards, that ar~ not changed, but the

others are changed, they are put on and changed

just as necessity requires; I do not think it would

be helpful to change those nurses from one' ward to

another any more than we can help; it disturbs the

patients to have new nurses on the wards; under the

present system, there isn't much incentive for the

young ladies to seek employment here, in the nurses'

department; if there was more incentive to develop-

ment as a nurse, that w~uld attract more satisfac-

tory classes of girls, and we hope to supply that in-

centive in the future.

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150

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DOCTOR N. P. vVALKER, Sworn, testified as follows:
I am one of the Assistant Physicians; I have general charge of the main colored female building and Reception Building-reception of all coloTed female, mental and physical examination apd_diagnosis; that was the depaTtment you visited this afteTnoon; as to the geneTal state of he.alth of that depaTtment of my ward there, those females, we have a considerable amount of illness, consisting chiefly of tubeTculosis and pell~gra; I think we have at the present time, twenty-six tuberculosis patients; those are isolated as far as possible; I would say, in that connection, it is occasionally impossible to keep a patient in the yarc1 on account of the mental condition___:disturbing the others, and then they are put in wards practically isolated from the others; we have, to isolate them, only two pavilions situated in a rather small yard; each pavilion will accommodate about :fifteen patients, or we can sometimes crowd in a little more than that; in those pavilions we have hospital beds for those people; they receive the entire open airjust the cover over them, and sufficient boarding on the side, and in cold weather we put the blankets over the upper wing so that it won't be too cold for them; the lower wing is boarded up-let's see, about that high (indicating)-the height of the patient's head when in bed-tl1e other is left open; that disease is diminishing in these wards 1mder the present hygienic precautions and treatment; I couldn't say / - exactly how many patients -I have there-females that are afflicted with pellagra-but between :fifteen
lfil

and twenty; they are not isolated; they are hpt on

the Infirmary ward, which we went through this

afternoon; the severest cases are kE)pt where they

can be nursed best; the others are kept where they

I

,I

are; my experience along the line of pellagra, is, it

isn't pontagious, I have never seen any evidence of

it; they are not isolated on tha.t account particularly;

but they are an extremely :filthr class, and we do it-

we put them there so that they can be treated better;

as to the treatment of pellagra ;.I haven't fo1md any-

thing that does much good, and I have trie_5l a good

many remedies.

It woulclbe impossible to make an estimate as to how many syphilitics I have on the wards; we have quite a little of it; in my opinion, patients afflictEid with syphilitic trouble ought to be isolated; if it is in active stage, or any active symptoms, precaution should be taken in case of sore throat, and things of that kind, to prevent contagion; I have had no experience of transmitting any of it in my wards that I.have been in charge of. I have been in ch~rge of those wards above :five years; I think the class of our nurses there are as good as can be gotten fromthe common class; I know of no cruel treatment inflicted among those patients in my wards by nurses and attendants there; I have had the evidence of some and they were immediately discharged on discovery; as a ge1;1eral thing, I think the attendants are kind and patient and forbearing with these unfortunate people. I pl'lt those syphilitics on separate treatment.
152

As t~ how many sick patients I have in that ward that I have to treat; a few weeks ago, I believe it was the :first of this month, we were required to hand in the names of the sick patients___,..that is, physically ill, and I think it was 63; as to whether I can actively attend to all those people there and give them proper treatment; with plenty of good assistance from the nurses, one Physician can do fairly well with them, but so far as examining each patient daily and making records .and doing the work yourself of taking temperatures, it is quite impossible-you have to depend upon the nurses; as to the percentage of recoveries among the negroes in my charge, I couldn't give you a definite answer to that at all, because the percentage of recoveries here is usually lumped, I think, in the Annual Report; I don't think we have as many recoveries in the negro ward as in the white; the death rate among the negroes is a
great deal higher than among the whites; ;r attribute
that to the prevalence of tuberculosis, and at present, .to pellagra, as diseases, and the over-crowded condition of the place, chiefly, the chief causes; we don't allow thoS'e active syphilitic patients to be distributed generally around through your ward; I have no active syphilitic patients at all, that is, sore-throat, or in condition where any other patients might contract it; if a patient had syphilitic ulcers in the throat, it would require, of course, separate eating utensils and so forth; I have never known of. a case of syphilis there to be contracted by one .patient from another one.
I think death actually occurs there for the want
153

of more space; there is no doubt about its being the cause of the increase in tuberculosis-not an increase, but because of the high number of cases among the negroes-there can't be any doubt of it at all.

My salary is $1,900.00 a year with fuel, lights and quarters; I have only a large room-I don't know what it would rent for; I am a single man; I have just one room and pay my board.

I think the ventilation of the buildings lS very

poor, in fact, the whole Institution is very poor, on

account of the construction of the windows, and on

account of the negroes-they won't let the place be

'i
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ventilated; if you put twenty in a large room, and

;::, . ~
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unless they are watched, they put the windows down

. I

a:rid sleep with their heads under the cover; that de-

I

partment is more crowded than any of the others.

As to whether we are authorized to refuse ad-

mission to patients on the ground of over- crowding,

I am not in position to say; I don't know exactly

what the authorities in charge of the Institution are

authorized to do in such cases; I don't pass on that;

but I do know that they refuse to take cases, and

they take cases that are amenable to treatment and

try to cure them up. There is one case in my depart-

ment that I know, that ought not to have come to this

Institution, and I think there are some others; the

particular patient I have in mind right now, I don't

. know that she is.~ suffering from anything, she is

rather feeble-minded; came from tlris county, an

'l
...j,

old negro woman; she isn't a senile case, I don't

154

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think, exactly, she had a tumor in the eye which pushed the orbit out; I don't know of any necessity for her being there; I don't know of any others at the present; I have comparatively few imbeciles in my wara, compared to the inmates of the other part of the Institution.
i
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DOCTOR R. C. SvVINT, Sworn, testified as follows:

I occupy a position as Assistant Physician in the

Sanitarium; have been employed here about eight

years; as Assistant Physician here, I have charge of

one of the Reception W mds in the vVhite Male De-

.partment and eight other wards; I have about 350

patients under my supervision or c'ontrol; I visit

each individual there once a day, if they are sick,

sometimes oftener, it depends on the condition of

the patient; I see them once a day anjway; of course

we can't make an examination of each case every

day, if I did, it would take me longer than twenty-

four hours a day; there is no one in my ward under

my supervision that is neglected from any proper

treatment that he should receive; I am .capable of

doing the actual necessary work, of course, but the

work could be more scientific if we didn't have so

many patients to look after; I mean by that, I could

I

give more attention to special cases and specialize

in treating them; I think 50 or 75 cases is as much

as one Doctor ought to have to look after-I mean

155

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to do the work like it ought to be done-including the new cases coming in.

My position as Physician there throws me in

direct connection with my attendants in that ward;

- I have three attendants to a ward-that is; except

one ward, on one ward where we have twenty-six

attendants; I am necessarily thrown in contact with

them every day; I know of no cruelty from those

attendants towards any patients in that department,

that is, I haven't seen it with my own eyes, I have

heard of it; I couldn't give you the dates when, but

i

we discharged a couple of attendants for spanking

i

a patient about three years ago; since that time

!

- ~....).:..:.......

a:.Jother patient complained that an attendant choked hiin; we only got that evidence through the evidence

':r-.:.i

of another patient, and he was immediately dis-

i
I

charged.

Theie isn't a man under me, an attendant, that

l1as been charged with cruelty to a patient and re-

tained in his position; there has been some charged

by patients, but if we were to discharge all that's

complained about, we wouldn't have any attendants;

when we have complaints of cruel treatment, we

always investigate it, and if we :find anything of a

cruel nature, we report it up to Dr. Jones; it is

customary, I suppose it is a rule-it is a rule of the

Superintendent. The men under me as attendants

are about as capable' as we could get for that kind of

work; they have to keep house, that is, keeping the

wards in good condition, and do work that nurses

are r~quired to do, keep the patients clean ancl.wait

156

on the sick ones; I mean by keeping the patients clean, that if they are not able to attend to the calls ofnature, they have to clean them and wash them and such as that, and see that patients that are able to help themselves clean and wash themselves; it is their duty to do that'; we have a certain amotiDt of trouble along the line of making the patients be cleanly.
There is no cruelty used under .my supervision 1 whatever; only such force is used as is necessary to control and handle the patients, and it is necessary sometimes to use some fo:t;ce-I mean grabbing them, locking them up, things of that kind.
The attendants shave them and cut thei.r hair whenever they n.eed it..
Some of ~he patients assist in attending to other patients. A patient is never forced to do anything unless they want to do it; sometimes we :find that they like to do those things, it really offers a diversion for them, and they enjoy it, some of them; but they never are forced to do anything against their wishes; the attendants never make all of this dirty work fall on the patients, such as cleaning' them and w:ashing them. It is the rule for them to do it themselves; if they did make patients do it and we knew it, we woulchi't kee-p theattendants.
As to how the patients feel towards .the attendants, so~e are fault-finding, some of them are not.
I have some imbeciles-in my department; I couldn't
]!)7

tell you the exact per cent.-very few of them; I am not in charge of the children.
As a rule, in people of that class, when they go insane their senses are exaggerated-the insane people that complain, they always had that trait even before they went insane; it is intensified by the insanity; of course, there are certain forms of insanity where the symptoms are more prominent.
My salary is $1,900.00 a year and fuel, light and quarters; I am a married gentleman; the rent of my house is worth about eight to ten dollars a month, I guess ; I thi~k the house cost a thousand dollars; I do not buy all of my provisions from the commissary out here ; I buy most of them in town.
When I stated that fifty or seventy patients is as much as a Doctor ought to have to look after, I meant chronic and acute cases. When I said that examining and treating so many patients, I couldn't do for them what I would do if I had fewer to look after; I mean that I couldn't do the scientific work, that I couldn't make the observations that we would otherwise; of course, none are neglected; as to what would be the use in going further, if none are neglected; suppose nobody made any scientific observations on any line, suppose they just racked alongwhy, there never would be any improvement, and it is necessary to make them in all lines of work.
A great many don't need any observation; only the sick; there is no patient under my direct super-
158

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vision over there, that's been neglected for me'dical

~~~~;~.

attention, or in want of proper attention.

~~:~~~;, ~
In the purchase of supplies, we are supposed to

get them at the commissary at wholesale, plus five .

per cent. added to the wholesale cost.

When I find a person that has recovered suf-

ficiently to discharge him, I report it to the Super-

intendent; we haven't been holding a consultation

over the matter and all the Board of Physicians ex-

;

amine him; just the on8' in charge of him; and when

!

the matter is reported to the Superintendent, that

ends it, and we don't .keep them any longer than

necessary.

They write letters to their people-some every day_:_some would write twice a day if they had the stationery and stamps; in writing letters, they all have to be read by the authoritl.es before they are sent out; each physician reads his patients' letters; the letters that come to the patients from away from here, the patient reads his own letters; nobody breaks the letter, unless there is a package, and we have reason to believe there's something in there that they oughtn't to have. We furnish them one stamp a week. We give them tobacco ourselves; I couldn't tell you if there is anyone that sees that they get the tobacco; the attendants get the tobacco on the wards once or twice-once a week, I mean, and they divide it out to them; a great many of them use tobacco, and I think it would be a. good _idea to stop a good many of them from using itit's a useless habit.

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159

Where funds are left by the relatives or friends for the benefit of the patients, the patients know it, and the expenditure of the funds is arranged according to the patient's desires, just what the patient wants; we try to supply the wishes of the patients; where a patient is intelligent enough, they are required to write out what they want, and that is looked over by the_ attending Physician, and he signs that paper, that paper is turned over to the Steward and- he buys the articles wanted, that's the manner in which the money is spent.
The food is wholesome for the class of patients here; the quantity is sufficient. Of comse, you lillderstand there's grounds for improvement, if we had the money; I don't mean to say that the .food .is ideal and couldn't be improved on, because I believe it. could be; the preparation is all right.
The treatment or mistreatment of the patients is_ practically entirely under the supervision of the Physician who has charge of that ward or department. We have patients to escape from this Institution, and we catch them, bring them back; when we can; we don't always do it; we had a man to get away about two years ago, we haven't heard from him since.
-DOCTOR Y. A. LITTLE, Sworn, testified as follows:
I am an Assistant Physician here; employed by
1"60

the authority of the State Sanitarium; I have charge of the first Reception Female 'vVard, together with the Green Building, which is devoted to the care of female patients; Under my immediate supervision, all together, I have 361 patients; it is possible for me to give the proper attention physically, with those who are sick- acutely sick,-I think, but as far as being able to take care of the Reception Hall and do it in the proper manner in which I conceive a reception Hall ought to be conducted, it is impossible for me to look after them in a scientific way;. to take the notes and devote the time that I could to the cases, and that I would if I had fewer patients; I usually go on my ward at 8 :30 and stay on until nearly twelve, and if there is any occasion for it, I go bade on in the afternoon and make my examinations in the afternoon; I am called frequently at night on emergency cases; I am subject to call both day and night unless I am away from the jurisdiction of the Superintendent; In the performance of that duty, I am thrown in personal contact with my attendants a;nd employees over there; I have fortytwo nurses-did yesterday or the day before; I have some nurses under my charge that I think are just about as good nurses as you could find anywhere; I have some that occupy a middle grade and some that are not up to the standard that I would like for them to be; I have had nurses that were inclined to turbulence or ill-treatment of the patients; I don't think I have any now, if I have, I don't know it; I suppose six weeks or two months ago I had one who was guilty of mistreating a patient; if you will let me
lGl
inv

... '

relate the instance-! was passing through a ward

and one of the patients remarked, "that hatchet-

faced nurse there jumped on Miss Williams,'' who

was a patient, ''and threw her on the floor and hit

her head against the floor;" the patient made that

remark, I was with the head nurse on the ward,

making my daily rounds; I examined her head and

she had a bump on the back of her head, evidently

showing she had an injury; I immediately com-

menced an investigation, and I found that this nurse

wilfully had thrown this woman-she was a new

imrse, she was a probationer; we require them to be

here three months before we give them a uniform,

and she hadn't been here long enough to get her

uniform-about three weeks, or maybe four; I com-

menced asking questions, they said she had thrown

this woman on the floor and hit her head, I investi-

gated further and she confessed that she had, but

said she did it because she had seen a nurse who had

been here a longer time do that same thing to an-

other patient-she gave that as an excuse, that she

had seen an older nurse do the same. thing; that

matter was reported to the Superintendent and they

both left the Institution that afternoon, just as soon

as they could get their things up; they were Miss

Lockhart and Miss Allen; I think Miss Lockhart

lives at Gordon, and Miss Allen at Monticello; that's

the only instance I have ever found that there has

been any cruelty, that I have been able to ascertain;

the general treatment I :find of the nurses to these un-

fortunate people, is very kind; I have no complaint

to make of the rank and :file of my nurses; I suppose

162

seventy-five per cent. of my nurses are capable of giving a hypodermic injection of morphine and such as that and trecording things on the charts and giving nourishments; we have got some pretty good nurses heTe, on the Infirmary Ward especially; I don't think they are as polished as some, maybe; I don't say aU of them can give a hypodermic injection, because we have on all the wards some women who have been just coming in; we have a fluctuating population, but there isn't a nurse who has been here any length of time who is not thoroughly capable of taking a temperature or giving a hypodermic injection or ascertaining whether or not a patient is seriously ill, or ill enough for summoning a physician; I can't speak for the Institution, I can only speak for my ward.
Suppose every Physician had a first-class trained nurse to take charge of the supervision of the treatment and the food of his particular ward and relieve him of everything except what a Doctor Qught to attend to; as to whether this Sanitarium would then have sufficient Physicians to give their patients the scientific treatment and really improve themselves like tlrey should; that brings about a question for discussion; you understand that the treatment of the insane differs from the treatment in a bed-side hospital; we, who have Reception Halls, don't only have to look after the physical ills, but we have to take notes on the mental aspect of the case as it appears from day to day; if those nurses were trained enough to be able to diagnose and to recognize symptoms of insanity, why then they would help us to a
163

vast degree; and I think if we had trained nurses here, more trained nurses, that they would be of great value in instructing the nurses that we have here already; but the idea of having more Physicians, is that the Physicians can devote more of their time to the mental aspect of those cases which are not physically sick, don't you understand; that's where the point comes in-not in looking after the clinical side of the case, but the mental aspect as well; you see, we have to giv<? those people a thorough examination; to give a patient a thorough mental examination, he may be a day or two or three - days before he gets through one case.
Since I have been here-I have been here for the last four years-during that time, my service for the last two years has been almost exclusively among the females during that time; each Physician has a branch on which he lectures to the nurses-two lectures a week, each Physician lectures on one branch, we take up the various branches of medicine as they come, and we try to give them practical lectures as regards those branches, and the Superintendent of Nurses, as she goes through the wards, she gives them bed-side instructions, teaches them how to make up beds, how to put on draw sheets and mackintoshes on the bed, how to care for and keep down bed sores, the giving of baths, taking of temperatures, recording of nourishment, recording of medicine, recording of pulses, the various nourishments ahd medicines that are given, all those things that you :find on a regular chart, on. the infirmary charts: if the patient is sick enough, they are imme-
164

diately moved to the Infirmary wards, and on these wards we have our most efficient nurses, and on these wards the Superintendent of Nurses spends most of her time, and on these floors the nurses are trained to all those things i of course, if we have a case of suspected typhoid fever cropping out on the ward it is several days before it has cropped out; and the head nurse is a nurse who has, at the same time, received individual bed-side training either from the Superintendent of Nurses or elsewhere, and in that way, we have some pretty good nurses.
I have had charge of the Green Building since Dr. Jones was made Supe-rintendent, I don't know how loBg that's been-something over two years; during that service in the female ward, there has never been a case of abortion that I know of, and I reckon I would have known it; so far as I kriow, in this Institution, there has never ~een a case of abortion produced.
At this point the Committee took a recess until the following morning at 9:00 o'clock.
Milledgeville, Georgia, November 11, 1909.
Pursuant to adjournment, the hearing was resumed on Thursday, the 11th day of November, 1909, at 9:00 o'clock, a.m., all of the members of the Committee being present except Senator Akin, and Representative Brown of Fulton.
The followinw proceedings were had and testimony taken:
165

DOCTOR E. M. GREEN, RECALLED, testified as follows:

On my examination yesterday afternoon in

answer to a question in regard to drunkenness that

occurred ?n the campus, my testimony was rather

indefinite; I wish to go on. and particularize on that

line this morning; since I have had charge of the

white male patients-six years this month-there

have been five men attendants discharged for drunk-

enness, tlie last one of these was W. E. Mullins, who

was discharged in October, 1907, and as far as my

knowledge goes, there h~sn 't been a case of drunk-

enness or even drinking on the wards of which I

have charge since that time; the last attendant that

~ :'.. :j

~::;~~:;~

was discharged, was discharged for stealing; it was

.,I'

W. A. willis, who was discharged in July,-1908; the

only attendant I have had discharged for mistreat-

ment of patients v:ras R. L. McKinley, who was dis-

charged in May, 1908, his address is Milledgeville,

Georgia; the circumstances was this: He was teas-

ing one of the patients out in the yard, and the

patient became angry and started after him, and he

threw him down on the ground-didn't strike him

or do him any injury; another patient reported it

and McKinley got mad and shook him, and the

patient said he choked him-there was no mark on

him, but he was discharged on account ;of the second

inmate that gave the information against him, but he

would have been discharged for throwing the other

one down; we &sharge them at once for abusing or

maltreating the patients-as _soon as we find it out;

,;

now, I stated yesterday that I had known patients

166

, ..

who had marks given them by attendants, but in all

of the cases that I have seen these marks come up-

any ev:ldences-I don't lmow of any case where an

attendant deliberately tried to injure a patient; these

marks that I have seen on patients came while they

were in a difficulty with the attendant; I have known

several patients, a's I said yesterday, who had re-

ceived marks from attendants; as to how those dif-

ficulties arise; sometimes a patient is very noisy or

violent, and an attendant goes to him and tries to

stop him or tries to put him in a room, and a :fight

follows and in the :fight the patient is liable to be

scratched or bruised-! have seen no serious injury

on any of the patients in any of my wards since I

have been here; I have seen attendants injured by

patients and patients injured by attendants, but in

all instances, the attendants have been more injured

by the patients; as to whether the attendants used

more force or violence to subdue a case of that kind

than was necessary; I don't know about that; take

.

~

a case of that kind, the attendant goes up to the

patient, he goes to him unsuspectingly, and so takes

no help with him, and he sometimes has to :fight for

his own protection.

Since my connection with the Institution, as to how many wards I have had in charge, I can colmt them up in a few minutes-! have had charge of the whole. of the negro building, male and female at clifferent times, two wards at the Green Building, the Hospital, both Detached Buildings and both of the -Twin Buildings, and the 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th
-White Female vVards.

167

Under our present system of conducting these wards, I believe it is possible for these nurses to mistreat the patients and keep it away from the attending Physician; I don't think it is probable because the patients don't hesitate to complain. As to the charge that these people are mistreated in the absence of the Physician, and if they can't suppress them from telling it, they are rushed away to those rooms and kept away from the Physician until they are subdued or until they agree to suppress this information; that can't be done, because every patient who is locked up in a room, we make it a point to see them every day; after they are locked up and we pass there, it would be possible for us not to see them tmtil we go on next clay; we don't have to rely on what the nurses tell us about who are locked up and who are not; when we pass through and see a door locked up, we- go into it, except those that we know are closed rooms, clothing roms or lumber rooms, something of that kind, you know. As to the complaint by one of the patients that she was thrown down and beaten and her hair pulled, mid then threatened if she- told the Doctors, that she would be locked up in some room-those sorf of threats, I can't say that I know of such a thing, but I don't doubt that that could happen; I have heard those complaints, but I have never been able to satisfy myself that it was true in the instances reported to me; whenever I hear such as that, I always make investigations of things of tl1at kind; I inquire of the patients themselves as to the1r treatment by the nurses; take patients that you have no reason to
1G8

think have been badly treated at any time, and ask them about their own treatment and the treatment of the other patients-I do that every now and thennot a patient that has complained of ill-treatment himself, but I go to the patients who have gotten along well, quiet, good patients, and ask them about the treatment of the patients, how the attendants treat them, and as a rule, those patients say the attendants treat them very well-sometimes they say the attendants are a little rough; some of them hesitate to tel.l and some of them do not. I can't say that I have ever known of an instance where a nurse or the attendant mistreated patients or tried to intimidate them, or scold them, or handle them roughly for the reason that they had reported to the Physician or one of the Physicians that they had been mistreatec1 by that nurse or attendant; but I have heard a patient state that a:r;t attendant had threatened him if he told.
I don't know of a single officer or employee here that drinks either to excess or habitually; I know of one or two attendants that will take a drink occasionally, but I never have smelled it on their breath.
This Ins~itution is like all others, the party at the head must rely on the honesty, to a certain extent, upon those under him, to see that the rules are carried out; it would be a physical impossibility for me or Dr. Jones, or anyone else to see to it that every patient in the Institution, every minute in the day, is treated properly; we are compelled to rely upon those who are hired to do that particular work, and
169

in doing that, they may sometimes fool you by some little mistreatments, and that's really where a good many of these cases of mistreatments occur and how they occur.
Since the Prohibition Law went into effect, I don't' suppose I have prescribed a gallon of whiskey in the whole time, and I thin'k very little is prescribed in the Institution by the other Physicians; the Apothecary could tell you about that; we get along just about as well without it as we did with it.
Judge Johnson: I will state, now, Mr. Chairman, we are buying now just about one-third of the quantity of liquor we did two years ago; Mr. Carrington, the Apothecary, can post you exactly about how much we are buying now. Some of the Physicians, I will state, have discontinued the prescribing of it almost, if not entirely.
DOCTOR Y. A. L.ITTLE, Recalled, testified as follows:
I haven't in my. immediate control any nurses who have taken the regular course in nursing, but Miss Cross, who is a regular graduated trained nurse, is in immediate charge-has immediate supervision over the building over which I have chargethe Green Building; she has charge of the Infirmary ward, and also the Infirmary ward at the Center Building; I have ~rome patients in that building,
170

too; Miss Cross has a general superv1s10n over all of' your nurses; that is; all the nurses on the Infirmary, at the Center Building, and the nurses in the Green Building and the nurses in charge in the Convalescent Building, and she exercises more or less supervision over the nurses in the other departments, as I understand it; now, the nurses in the sick ward, are of more importance than those common attendants upstairs; we try to select the most proficient nurses;. Miss Cross makes her rounds every day and goes on the wards and sees that everything is properly conducted from the nurses' standpoint.
The patients under my charge, I ask them about their treatment in my absence by the nurses; stop and talk with them, listen to complaints, there are always complaints-not a clay in the world that there ain't complaints; I don't -recollect of an instance that a patient who had mind enough, who has not always felt free enough to always come to me and tell me their troubles-I don't recollect a single instance; I have had them to complain about nurses right face to face with them, time anc~ time again, and I have investigated it and foundthere was absolutely noth- ing to it in a great many instances; I would not retain an unkind nurse under my -charge, if I knew of it; as a matter of fact, I have had them to complain about their Doctor, right to my face.
I wish to exhibit these-these are matters of record here at the Institution, but I have here the nurse's notes, as well as the form of examination that we formerly used here; since Dr. Green has been
171

made Medical Director here, we are going to make this very much more complete and fuller; this is altogether, with the nurses notes-that's the nurses' notes (indicating) or clinical aspect of the case as it appears to the nurse, and notes made by myself further on there, by me, in the examination of this case; the form that is going to be gotten out is going to be very much less unwieldly than that, and is going to comprise something of this nature (indicating a form) that can be easily filed, instead of having this long sheet of paper like this, it is going to be put in concise form, like that (indicating) ; but that is the form that we have been using on the white female service for the last year, since I have been in the White Reception Hall. I offer this as a chart of a typhoid fever case, made in Dr. Walker's service; that is made by a negro nurse in charge of a typhoid fever case; now, in regard to the proficiency of the nurses here, I offer this chart as a chart of a typhoid fever case with a relapse; everyone lmows, whether he is a physician or not-everyone knows that typhoid fever is a disease that has to be very carefully nursed and carefully looked after and notes taken; that chart was made by the negro nurse, in her own hand-writing, without any assistance, except by Dr. Walker; he informs me he has some pretty good nurses there; that chart would do credit to most any nurse; as I was saying, anybody knows, who knows anything about it, knows that typhoid fever is a disease requiring very careful nursing, and especially so when there has been a relapse. I will put that chart up against anybody's, I brought it be-
172

cause it extended over a great length of time, and it will show the care and watchfulness with which it was prepared.
That is a record of just one case; this is the temperature, the pulse and respiration carried through carefully (indicating on chart).
The nurses here, as I remarked last night are as proficient as it is possible for us to make them, and as I said, there isn't hardly a nurse in the Green Building, and there isn't a nurse on the first ward with the exception of one nurse, who is a probation nurse, that I wouldn't risk to take the temperature or take the pulse or the respiration of a patient, and who couldn't inform me when a patient was sick enough to call me-or that he needed a Physician. It would be a mighty hard thing to copy all of that to furnish you, you can take that with you and return it whenever you wish; it would take a nurse half a day to copy that chart, probably longer; it is easy enough to make it as you go along, but to copy it, it would be quite a task, but I can have it done if you wish; that's a high standard chart.
I think if the ;nurses had more recreation, if they had shorter hours for work and could devote their
time to study more, it would increase the proficiency
of the nurses; you take a nurse and let her get up at sun-up in the morning, and clean up a ward-if you, have never been on an insane ward early in the morning you don't know what it is, especially on the wards where the old feeble cases are and bedridden cases are-you can't imagine what it would
173

mean to be one of those unless you have been there ea:rly in the morning; from early in the morning to breakfast, they are busy getting them in shapeeverything stirring; I believe it would be to the interest of the patients and to the State of Georgia that these nurses be more proficient; proficiency in anything means betterment; but as I was going to state, they get on duty on the wards-if you will pardon me-they come on duty at sun-u1j, work all day long, hard-any sort of work, scrubbing, se~ing, making up beds, cleaning up wards, looking after the sick-a multitude of various things that occupy their time and their whole time, and then the night comes, they are half off at night and half on, that is, until nine o'clock at night, that's the way it is arranged in my service; and those girls, after they have worked hard all day long, .and tired out, to go and sit and listen at lectures, you can't expect fo"r them 'to absorb very much; the most of the training that' they get is the actual training that they get from the bed-side, from the nurses who are above them, and Miss Cross, who is Superintendent of Nurses, and has charge of the wards. It is simply remarkable the proficiency that some of them get to be. I tl~ink one of the crying needs of this Insti'tution-if I may be parc1onec1 for saying so-is a Nurses recreation. room, where they can go and read and have some ~orm of recreation-they are lockecl11p o.n the wards day and night, in other words, if they had aNurses' Home for .them to go to; as it is, they are on the wards constantly, with the exception of the days that they are off-the clays that they are allowed off.
174
. I
; .j
!,

An increase of nurses would help, that is, if you had three shifts during the eighteen hours; aS' it is, we have only two shifts during the time, and everything is regulated by sun-up and sun-down; in . the winter time, of course, we have the short days, in the summer time we have the long days ; in the summer time they are on duty sixteen or seventeen hours a day; whereas, in the winter time, the sun rises at six and sets at four or :five, they are on duty a comparatively shorter time, that is, at night they take things easy, but they have the locking-up to do and checking in of the patients and seeing that the patients are all properly in bed; to me, the crying needs of this Institution are a Nurses' Home and a general centralized hospital; if the State of Georgia would appropriate enough money for the general centralized hospital, we would have a training school that would be just as good as any Mr. Man's training school, beeause then we could have the most proficient, the pick of the nurses, to take the training in the hospital, and we could have all the wards represented in this hospital, and have all the acute cases, instead of being scattered about, sent to this central hospital, where they could be properly treated and we could have this training school in connection with our hospital, and those that wanted to take the training co'tilcl do so, and those that wanted to stay on the wards as attendants could do so; recommendations have been made to that effect to the Legislature, preceding this, we h:ave all recognized the need of it, I know Dr. Jones has', in speaking of it to me; I couldn't sa:>: whether our nurses here are lacking
175

in proficiency to the nurses that we get all over the country, who nurse for people at large; I never was in general practice in my life, I couldn't tell you about the general nurses because I don't know about it; my work has been institutional work ever since I graduated in medicine.
Dr. Jones: Those nurses that we give especial
attention to on the Infirmary vVards are equal to
any of the nurses that go out all over the country, I think-those that are on the sick wards.
Dr. Little: I would just stat~ that next to the tubercular wards, the general hospital, to my mind, if I may be pardoned for saying it, is the crying need of this Institution-a general central hospital, where the acutely sick could be removed from the wards; that would give us more room, you see that would give us another ward here, another at the Green Building and another at the Twin Building; that would relieve that much congestion; we have, as a rule, sixty or sixty-five, I suppose an average of fifty among the white people, and probably fifty or sixty among the colored people, who are sick in bed, who need attention, that can be carried to this building; you can h'ave a ward for white males and a ward for white females, and a ward for colored males and a ward for colored females, and you can have it conducted just like any city hospital; and if you could have the nurses there, with their regular times for duty and regular times for study, we could have a training school for nurses as good as anyhody's; they would be nurses then, instead of attendants; as it is, the two are merged together-the nurses out
176

on the Infirmary wards have to go out and' scrub the

.~ '

floors just like the others on the other floors. I sup-

pose I have eight or ten epileptics on my service,

approximately, I wouldn't state positively, I could

tell you that by checking them up-getting a list of

them; the epileptics that I have, however, are epilep-

tics that are comparatively easily managed_:they

are not bad patients, they have convulsions, but they

are not bad patients, as the word goes.

According to that chart, we gave. that patient

no medicine at all, hardly-it's practically allnurs..

ing; she coui~ln't take the baths, she was a very nervou~ patient-we tried the sponges and she couldn't

stand it, and I gave her two and a half to three grains

of aspirine to reduce it, and she got better; they don't

::. _..

give .much medicine now in typhoid fever-it is prin-

cipally all nursing; in this Institution, we don't give

much medicine anyway. As regards the matter of

whiskey, I have whiskey on one ward under my in-

spection-that is the Infirmary ward-and . every

time there is a need for whiskey in the institution,

they have to send to that ward, to that Infirmary and

get it by a special order from me; I give whiskey

only to the acute cas'es, the acutely sick on the In-

firmary wards, and to the very old, feeble women

there-'-they. ar~ the only people that ever get any

whiskey; I issue a quart of whiskey, I suppose, about

once every two weeks to the whole Green Building.

177

DOCTOR J. W. MOBLEY, Recalled, testified as follows:

I would like to state, if it has not already been

stated, that there are complete plans for a training

school in the hands of the T'rustees at this time, and

they have given the indication that they desire to

put that in an operating way, something a little more

than what we have now; of course, it would possibly

take some more money to operate that on the plan

which has been suggested, but it is in the hands of

the Trustees, and possibly in the hands of the Com-

mittee,. I don't know; just simply as a. matter of in-

formation, I state that, as to whether there is any-

thing done to better the male attendants, that in-

cludes' that, it incorporates the relationship of the

male, as well as the female, and the provision is

made in that for a greater time of the nurse that is,

time off, and their service, and the scale of wages,

you might say, that is going up and down, as they

exhibit any proficiency or lacking the proficiency.

As to whether I concur with Dr. Little, as to the

necessity for a contralized hospital, it would be very

much better to have a central hospital, while, of

course, it iS' to be understood that those wards repre-

sent a hospital; for instarnce, take the Infirmary,

which you have been through, that is a hospital, in

so far as its purpose is concerned-it is supplied

with a trained nurse, that is, as head nurse on that

ward, Miss

, and she has taken the course

in a regular training school; now. over and above

her is Miss Cross, of course, who does no active

..._.

work other than just simply see that certain duties

178

are carried out by the different nurses; and now, these nurseS' on the Infirmary are first under this head nurse in the Infirmary-the nurses are directly under her, and she directly under Miss Cross, and then, of course, Miss Cross is under the doctors and the Superintendent, the matter is finally referred to him; and the training school, that is, the method' adopted, was adopted by permission of the different Physicians, and if carried out, is thorough; of course, I don't know that any demand or any special emphasis is laid on a central hospital, yet, at the same time, if there is sufficient money here, that would be very, very helpful to us-it would be a very, very helpful thing to have here. Now, of course, it would
be a matter .of a little experience or a little specula-
tion in putting both males nnd females in a general hospital building-that's the idea, I think, that Dr. Little intended to advance, that the most scientific status-that a1l the sick be placed in one hospital building, which would represent a hospital, just as the Infirmary, just as the Infirmary in this Executive Building represents the Infirmary of this department and the Infirmary of the male and the different ones throughout the Institution. All the buildings of any size have a distinct hospital, which is known as the Infirmary. I mention that fnct because the T'rustees requested the Physicians to draw up plans for this training school, and they did so, and I thought the matter ought to be stated.
Now, in each service, each Physician in his own opinion and in his own judgment has a kind of sick ward-I take my Twenty-first Female-where
179

cases are hopelessly insane or possibly hopelessly not; curable, and they are put there-there is no use. to put them in the Infirmary, ti1ey would just ta,ke :up .the room there, and at the same time, there is )J,O possible hope of their recovery i take any or~ ganic disease of the brain, where the patient, in your 'opinion, rpight only live a few weeks or more-or a very old woman who is suffering from senility or old age--:-or other organic diseases.,-you would be simply loading the Infirmary clown without accomplishing a thing i~ the world; and they get the same care, and as I say, individually; I do that, I lise my Twenty-:first ward; the other Physicians do the same thing, I am sure; in these Infirmaries, the patients have such suitable food as they ne~cl, as invalids; the Infirmary is supplied with a diet kitchen, that diet kitchen is attached to it; now, all the Infirmaries on the. different departments haven't a diet kitchen; we. e;xpect to s:npply them-I hearcl.Dr. Jones s~y he hoped ~o put them in, and they probably will be clone until- a central hospital will ibe developed, which i~, of course, only a stage at this time; we don't know whether ,we will get the money to do it or not, it would be better, though, but at the same time, it would be, to a degree, only speculation; this, at this time, however, is only a suggestion.
I ;
DOCTOR Y: JI.: YARBROUGH, Sworn, tes~ifiecl as . , , .:}ol~ows ;
.-T have been connected with the Institution three
180

years as an Assi?tant Physician; the nature of my

duties is looking after the sick of the service--,--it is

divided among the _white females and white males; 1

have about twenty male attendants that I am thrown .

with, and about twenty-five female attendants;. I

haven't had to. discipline any of the attendants .for

mal-treatment of the patients under my .service; I

mean to say, in my three years' work in the wards

here, both male and female, there has been no ci'uelty

in:flict0d upon any of the patients 1mder my charge

by any of the attendants or nurses; to my knowledge;

my -salary is $1,500.00 a year, and lights, lodging and

fuel. I am a single man; I think I have about 360

patients in my service; I visit my wards daily; I do

not see each one of those 360 patients every day;

.. :.:: : ./~:1::~

chronic cases, of course not, it isn't necessary_ at all; I make a specialty; though, of visiting each and every

sick patient every day; and as much more as it may

be ne:essarY:, always as much as once a day anyhow,

and in ;addition to that; ar:; many tilnes as necessary.

I regard my nurses as proficient, skilled enough in

their duties to understand how to take care of those

aged and infirm people; theii labor consists in keep-

ing the wards in good eondition, and the care of the

patients in every part~cular, in every respe~t ;_ they

do that work themselVes, but all'of the work that_

they can induce the patients to do is that much saved
'off the nurse, but the patients are willi~g-to do .tluit, a great many of them; they don't use ~ny force on' . those patients to procure wm:k or lab~r ~ut' of them;.

-no patient has ever made complaint to me that they were forced to work when t~ey were not able to do

181

.. ,

it-it is as always, voluntary on the part of the patients, they don't have to do it if they don't want to do it. The patients get their tobacco from the attendants who have charge of the different wards; the State furnishes it to them, and the attendants ap-portion jt out to the patients; I think the nurses allowancecl to so much per capita of patients in the way of tobacco; I am not positive about it, but I think it'S' issued to them in that way, though. I haven't heard, since I have been here, of any immorality existing among the female attendants in my wards; I know of no cases of immorality existing with any of my female patients, since I have been in charge of them. I desire to make a statement to the Committee in reference to the Central Hospital, that is the only thing I wished to say, and I wish to endorse anything that Dr. Little might have said in behalf of that; that, I think, would be quite a help to us here, and especially so, since the training school is going to be est~blished, as we intended; I think there, that things could be helped out a great deal. Also, in connection with this, of course, an ambulance service would help out a great deal, to trans. fer the patients, I think that would help out a great deal, and in assisting us in taking care of the acutely s;ick; it is a thing that I wish to add my approval to. l do not believe it iS' possible for those patients to be mistreated by the nurses and it kept from the Physicians, I think it would leak out sufficiently for the attending Physician to become acquainted with it. On ::til of our wards, we have patients that would acquaint the Physician with it; I think if the attendants were to mistreat a patient, some of the patients
132

would tell the Physician about it, or the Physician would :find it out in some way or another. I have no patients on my wards, male or female, that have any bruises or ~cars on them or any other eivdences of ill-treatment at all on them; none in the hospital, confined from sickness, that have had mal-treatemnt or injuries inflicted upon them; I have some patients that show signs of scratches or where they come in contact with ea'ch other; I don't know their names; 1 have a number, some, you know, that have been :fighting, injured, you know by patients :fighting with each other; it is through the muses only, that I would aS'certain whether they were hurt by other patients or by the nurses; I would find it out through my patients if the nurses wouldn't acquaint me with it; patients complain to me of nurses' ill-treatment, and I always investigate it; I never had a patient to complain to me that has shown visible signs of maltreatment by bruises or scars or anything of that sort.
DOCTOR L. N. JONES, Recalled, testified as follows:
As stated yesterday afternoon, we have been training our nurses here for the last ten. or twelve years through the means of lectures and bed-side training; we have a graduate nurse, Miss Cross, who has immediate charge of the female nurses, and she gives them bed-side training in the wards; besides
183

that, our Physicians have been giving them regular lectures, but I decided that we could make it more efficient if we would establish what we might call, a regular training school and give certificates; that would induce the girls to study and make thewselves more proficient, and would enable them, after they were here a certain number of years and got their certificates, if they wanted to leave here, you know, they could go out and practice in the "country or anywhere elE:e and make more money, perhaps, than they could here; so at the October session of the Board, I recommended that we establish a regular training school and give certificates to the nurses who proved to be efficient, and the Board has that under advisement now, and I think, as soon as we are able, we will establiS'h that training school, where we will give the girls certificates; it won't cost very much more; we will have to engage a few more nurses, perhaps, and to buy some literature for them; the same Board of Physicians wotild do the work of being instructors in that school for nurses; we wouldn't have to employ any outside help at all; we haven't suitable room for a special library, but we have rooms where. we can give them lectures; we have been giving them lectures in some of our large dining rooms-move the chairs aside and have blackboards, but we haven't a room, though, for a regular library -things of that kind; we ought to have a library in connection with the training school, it would undoubtedly be a good thing.
We have a library for the patients; any patient that's convalescent and will take care of a book, can
184

get a book out of there; we have a li'brarian, who keeps regular books-keeps charge and keeps track of all the books and literature that's sent in and goes out; as to whether patients that are not so convalescent as to be trusted out, would read if they had the literature furnished them in the premises; they generally know that we have a library, and all of them that we think will take care of a book, on their request, we let them go to the library and get boolm-let them have them and take them to the wards. We keep the daily periodicals and the magazines that come out monthly; we don't buy it; all we have got has been given to us; we don't spend any money for the libraries, the daily papers send them to us free of charge, and frequently we have great boxes of magazines sent- to us; that ap we do is to pay the freight on them.
Along the line of amusements, I am sorry t~ say that our amusements are meager;. not as full as I
a would desire them. In my opinion, if we had more
amusements, it would be beneficial to large por~ tion of our patients. We have ball-grounds; they play base-ball during the summer months, and we have dances for them once a week, and the patients are allowed to have littl~ 'games on the wards-things' like that; and then, once in a while, we ha~e a little play for them-something of that sort. I think an athletic hall, properly arranged, would be beneficial to a large portion of-the patients; a gymnasium, billiards, croquet grounds and things of that kind, I think would be beneficial to. them; in my experience in dealing with insanity, everything that you can do
lS!"i

to divert their minds from their condition is beneficial; music is very largely instrumental in diverting their mind; in the way of music, we have a few pianos and organs-that's about all we have; we have no organization snch as a band, to play on the plaza or upon the grounds, for them; in my opinion, that would be beneficial to the patients-a good band of music for them. A few years ago we had a band here among the attendants, but they disorganized,
disbanded. vVe have a dance once a week for them;
this afternoon will be the time for the dance, and I would like for you gentlemen to see the dance. They got to running away when we had them in the evening, and we started to having them in the afternoons to keep them from running away. I have made no calculations as to how much it would cost annually, in connection with the patients we could use for the purpose here, to maintain a brass band, of S'ay ten pieces, for daily concerts out on the grounds; I couldn't give you an estimate of how much a band would cost us; in my opinion, such a move would be beneficial to the patients here; there's no doubt about t_hat; it would be worth a good deal to the patients; there was a proposition made from the President of the Military School in Milledgeville a month ago; they were wanting to establish a band among the students, and they .were not able to hire a leader unless they could engage some of the services of the band, and they made the proposition to the Board that if they would give them $10.00 for a week, every week, they would give us a concert once every week, and the Board had to decline that proposition for the want of the funds.
186

I don't know as to how often the law requires the Trustees to come to this Institution and inspect it; we have, what they call an Executive Committee, which comes out once a month, that is compoS'ed of :five-isn't it?
Judge Johnson: Five members of the Board come every month, and the full Board comes every three months-the full Board comes here every three monthS'. They get nothing extra for those trips that they make here once a month; that's a part of their duty. Their salary is $150.00 and railroad expenses. As to the complaint made about their not visiting the Institution aS' often as they should visit it, and whether they get the same salary, if they stay at home, as they do if they visit the Institution as they should do; why, they do visit it; the Trustees show diligencA and active co-operation with the Physicians in the active management of this Institution; they do all that they can; they are composed of distinguished gentlemen who give their time and at. tention to this Institution; I don't think you could pick out ten better men in the State of Georgia than we have on the Board.
I make the appointments of the Supervisors, and dismiss them when I want to, they have no appeal to the Board of Trustees from my dismissal ; I don't know whether the law authorizes me to make that appointment or the Board of Trustees; they delegate that authority to me, and I have the right to discharge them, in my ju_dgment; he might appeal if he cared to-I don't know whether there is any law on the question or not; if the Board of Trustees CJ.ole-
187

gated that to me I don't know whether they would care to appeal or not-they might appeal if they wanted to, I suppose.

In justice to myself, that I may go on record in

this proceeding, I have not in a single instance,

kept a man on the pay roll that I would ordinarily

discharge, in order that I might be able to collect

some rents from them for some of my houses over

here; my renting a house to him doesn't enter into

my keeping him employed here or discharging him;

I delegate, as a rule, to the Physicians, the question

of appointing such men as they want, and I have

it distinctly understood with each Physician in the

service, "if you have a man under your service that

don't suit you, just let me know and I will dismiss

:;

him, or dismiss him yourself.''

I don't remember whether we have in our employ any that has been discharged and been re-instated; we may have, and it may have been that they have been discharged and that they later found out, perhaps, that our grounds weren't sufficient, and we may have reinstated them-I know it has been done, and I know Doctor Powell did that once-he discharged a man once on the evidence of a patientthe patient told him that he had been mistreated by an attendant, and afterwards that patient went to the Dr.-went to Dr. Powell-and told him that he had lied on the attendant, and that he had a purpose in doing so; he had been in collusion with other patients, and they had formed a plan to try and get rid of him, and he had lied on the attendant, and Dr. Powell afterwards reinstated the man because he

188

had found out that he had done him an injustice in di~missing him; that he wasn't guilty, arld that tlie

patient simply lied on him to get him dismissed from

the service; I don't recollect that: I have such em-

ployed now in my service.

'" '

.If the Assistant Steward uses the wagon and teams of the State to carry on his own work on hip own plantation, it. has never come within my lmowledge, anything of that sort; if it .is, it is not by m:y comrent or by my-lmowledge, either;. no employee? here use any _of the Btate's teams or anything of the kind, or anything else, to carry on their own personal business. I do not know of anyone selling wood off of the State's property; anything of that kind.

we have only the central library, that's 'all we have; ju~t the library for general use; to have it 'in
the other buildings, have reading material for the
patients 'that wanted to read, without' their having to 'go to the ~entrallibrary, 'wOlllclnecessitate an' e~ha
room and mi extra librarian; we were not a:b1e to
establish but the one, and we made that central. '

If we can stwceecl in. getting any additional appropriation from the State, it had bett(;lr be us~d along the lines of establishing tuberculosis ward~, instead of establishing amusement halls and so on.; that has been stressed for years an:d years by the Superintendent and the Board of Trustees, th;;tt. we need that more than anything; that's the first thing that we 'ought to get. We hardly have room now tp htke care of what-we have already; we are getting -short of room, but if. they were to get up a fund, sim-

189

ply to build a central hospital with, that would relieve it to that extent; the Infirmary in each ward takes up a great deal of room; it would be a good thing for us to have; of course, I don't mean to say that our patients don't get the proper treatment on those wards, but it would be a better thing to have the central hospital, it would be an improvement in every way; most all of the Institutions that are upto-date, have the central hospital-they don't aU of them l1ave them, but they do where the State is able to pay the money-they ought to be separate entirely from the other buildings; but it is an actual necessity that we do have some relief here in the way of more buildings; we are being crowded; we are able to accommodate the whites, but we are overcrowded in the Negro Department; we have three wards over in the white male department that need to be completed, that have never been completedthat would accommodate about one hundred patients and we have some dormitory room that's not :filled up yet; the only room we have now in the vVhite Female Department is dormitory rooms-we haven't got any single rooms, practically, most of it is dormitory rooms, and we are now having to move the patients out of the sitting rooms and S'ewing rooms and :fill them up with beds, in the White F'emale Department; they ought to be there for sitting rooms and sewing rooms, and we are having to move them out gradually; we are not needing room very badly in the White Department, we are making out very well in the White Department, but we do need it in the Colored Department; as I said yesterday, we have at least two hundred negroes down there in
190

that building, on both sides-more than we ought to carry, and the only reason we are receiving at all now; is that I hate to have them left there in the jails; if the Twin Building over there was fini$hed, we would still need some additional help for the Colored; that's an imperative necessity-we need room for the Colored; if we had room for the colored, and also the T1win Building finished, and then a central hospital, that would carry us a while, I couldn't s~y how long-we are increasing here at the rate of fifty a year or more-that has been about the increase we have had for several years, but the greatest need of all is the Tuberculosis' Hospital; if we get that, I expect our increase would be greater. There is nothing that I know of in this record that shows the actual number of tuberculosis patients; I will try to get that up; we have got in the general report, the number of epileptics; but epilepsy-it means that you have got sane epileptics and you have insane epileptics-there's a difference between the sane and lhe insane epileptics; while it has been recommended that we have colonies for the epileptics, I don't think it meant for the insane epileptics; it seems to me that they ought to be kept in an insane asylum, but it would be a good idea to have colonies for the sane epileptics; the majority of Ol~r epileptics, though, are insane-the big majority of them are, and I think they ought to be kept here and not on any colony. As to the idea being prevalent with a great majority of the public that the inmates here are badly treated, I have no suggestion by which I can improve that; T think we have got as good a class of
191

service here as we can get; I would like to be able to pay them more money, but we have as good a class of people here to nurse these sick folks as we would get if we paid them more money; I have no suggestion to make, so far as the betterment of the treatment is concerned.
I have the authority of the Board to take on three new Phy:2icians, and I have been neglecting that because. we have been 'pushed for money; but it has got to the point where I think we ought to have them and trust to getting the money; I am on the look-out now for three more Physicians; that's entirely under the control of the Board, of course, they have to govern themselves by the amount of money they have to devote to the purpose, but they have the authority to appoint as many as they see :fit; and as I say, they have given me th_e authority to appoint three new Physicians, and I am now on the lookout for them.
vVith a little additional appropriation, I feel that we could feed them a little bit better than we are now doing, and I would like mighty well to do it too, and the State really ought to do it; now, we are not able to give our patients desserts-we ought to have them once or twice a week-we have for them good, substantial food, we are not able to vary the food as much as we would like; but if you win compare our bill of fare with that of other institutions, you will :find it is as good and better than most institutions, but I would like to give them a little more variety; our rules require the Physicians to see the bill of fare; they make daily reports to me; they inspect the meals on the tables after they are distributed and
192

... ,~.

make a written report to the Buperintendent, show-

ing whether the meal is satisfactory or whether it

is deficient, an:ything of that sort, and any rec.om-

menclation that they care to make about the meal;

the report is made in writing each day, to the Super-

intendent-that they visited certain wards and what

they saw-whether it was satisfactory m not, if there

was any deficiency there, they report it-if it was

S'atisfactory, they say so; if it was unsatisfactory

or deficient in any way, they would report -it, there's

no reason why the Physician wouldn't; they some-

times report it not satisfactory; that it isn't suffi-

cient in this or that, or it isn't properly cooked-

some that may not be properly cooked; they always

make the repOTts to me, and make it in writing; I

have it every day, and I at once correct the evil; if

there is any shortage on the dinning room or ha1ls,

I see to it at once-that it is supplied at once.

L. J. LAMAR, Sworn, testj:fied as follows: I am Steward of the Institution; as such, I look
after the :finances, under the direction of the Board of Trustees, attend to the payments of all amounts that the Insti,tution may be due-contracts, such as that; I make very little purchases, I suppose ninetenths of the purchas-es are made by the Board of Trustees; the supplies are bought quarterly,-those contracts are awarded by the Board, but the coal and the wood and the beef is bought annually, and
193
I
;7-inv

[-

-

-

..-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-.

-
'

those contracts are also awarded by the Board of Trustees; I think I can safely say that nine-tenths of the goods that are bought are bought by the Board of Trustees, on competitive bids. We get these competitive bids by advertising in the papers that we will let bids for such and such a thing on such and such a day, and they submit their bids; those advertise~ents run four weeks; I don't publish them in town, I get out slips and I notify parties-usually through the Savannah Press, the Macon Telegraph and the Atlanta Constitution or Journal, sometimes, we swap it about; that notice reads that contracts will be awarded on such and such a date for furnishing the Sanitarium with supplies for the following three months; that is not a fair sample of the notice, (referring to the slip exhibited), that's for the beef only~that list of articles can be had on application to the Steward; we, however, have a list of those that have previously bid, and we send these out anyhow, about seventy-five go out regularly, and then we put this notice, stating that parties desiring to bid can get this list, and that's put in the Atlanta, Savannah, Macon and Augusta papers; I don't know how often these purchases change,-different :firms furnishing the supplies, I could go and bring the book and show you; sometimes they change every . three months; now, you take the bacon, for instance, Swartzschild & Sultzberger have it now, and I think the last quarter Armour had it, and sometimes the National Packing Company and sometimes Swift & Com12any; and the flour this. time is furnished by McCord & Stewart, of Atlanta; last quarter it was
194

furnished by Jaques & Tinsley Company, of Macon; they are governed by the bids and the samples submitted; I make out a list of the necessities of the Institution, arid ptrike off this list, and you notice it is written here, "more or less, at the option of the Board.'' Now, the Storekeeper is required to take stock quarterly of what supplies he has on hand, and sometimes these amounts are increased aiJd sometimes decreased-it depends upon the stock we have on hand; the Superintende_nt and the Executive Committee of the Board and the Storekeeper and the Bookkeeperand myself are usually present when those contracts are awarded; I have very little connect~on in the awarding of these contracts, I rarely ever award anything indeed, unless it's pens or pencils or tin cups or something of that kind; those seale~, competitive bids, after the contracts are awarded, are filed with me, and I keep them for reference in the- future. We buy, say, two hu:q.clrecl thousand pounds of bacon a year, we buy apout fifty thousand pounds a quarter, we buy about-we are using about ten barrels and a half or a little over a clay,-say four thousand barrels of flour-not quite that much-we are using ten barrels ancL a half a ,clay'; we buy meal,-:-we buy sixty-eight hundred bushels of that a year-about seventeen hunclred hn9hels a quarter; we buy about fifteen thousand pounds of rice quarterly; about a hundred and eighty barrels of grits quarterly; about nine thousand pounds of coffee quarterly__;those slips there show -that's just for o_ne quarter; I can give, you how much of the appropriation is consumed in these

., ._,I

.195

.'~~<~--: J

. ,'

actual purchases from food and working pay-roll.

Subsistence, from January, 1908, to January, 1909,

was $133,047.15; clothing was $48,422.21; fuel and

transportation was $36,379.87; salaries was $31,601.-

05; wages, $111,656.25, with incidental expenses,

$30,552.08; medical supplies, $4,054.81; contingen-

cies, $508.61; stationery and postage, $12,090.48,

making "3, total of$397,512.51; now, I have kept here,

if you gentlemen care for it, the expenses by the

month, each month; that item of incidental expenses

covers paints and glass, turpentine and oils and re-

pairs to the buildings, lumber, brick and lime and

cement; it used t0 be put on ordinary repairs, but

years ago that account was dropped-I don't know

how long it has been-ten or twelve years, I reckon;

contingencies covers the fare of the discharged in-

mates and the pay of escaped 'inmates-return of

inmates that have escaped, and the Western Union

Telegraph Company-I put that on it, sometimes,

the telegrams. vVhat we receive annually in dollars

and cents from the farm clown there I have it on

another book-but that don't go to the general fund;

I can't, right away, tell how much we receive from

that, it will take me some little time to add it up-

cotton is bought-there's so many bales of cotton

that's sold-I could refer in a very few moments

and ~ell you; the proceeds of the farm is used for

buying chickens and eggs and butter-things like

that; the Trustees require me to put that on the

Petty Cash Account to avoid drawing from the Gen-

eral Fund to buy those little things-sometimes I

will buy, say, two squabs for ten cents apiece, they

196

don't want to draw a voucher on the Treasurer for such a small amount as that, and that is kept on a separate book entirely, but a receipt is taken for every dollar that is paid out; the entire income from that farm amounts, I reckon, to as much as $20,000 a year. You see we don't charge up the corn-we just use it,-there's about ten thousand bushels of c9rn made,-ancl oats and hay and peas, but the only thing I get from that is the sale of so many bales of cotton and a little rye-this year we sold a little rye from there; this meal that I enumerated from there-that corn is used for feeding the stock, and last year, I think, we had enough corn to run us three quarJers----:-didn't buy any for three quarters at allwe had enough to feed the stock and about nine months' supply of meal. Mr. Hollinshead keeps account of the dairy products. We have vouchers for everything that we pay out, properly receipted; the Trustees had an Auditor just here, and checked up and found an error in one pay-roll of ten cents; those books are checked up by an Auditor appointed by the Trustees, and they are checked up by the Trustees besides, the third W ec1nesclay in every month, and those accounts all checked up and approved by the Trustees. The feed, such as bran, cottonseed meal and so on, is purchased by comP.etitive bids, by the Board; the feed and support of that dairy is charged to Subsistence; Subsistence is these different heaclings,-Salaries, Wages, Inci.dental Expenses, Medical Supplies, Contingencies, Stationery and Stamps; under that head, we buy the supplies for the dairy, anything that's to eat or
197

.,

\

l
l

goes towards that-of course, we don't eat the cow

t
'

when we buy her but the milk we do and when the cow

gets so she won't furnish milk, we slaughter her and

eat the beef, Mr. Hollinshead can tell you about what

the expenses of running that dairy. is per annum; he

has got a separate account of it;I could do it in a

little while, but he has got it 1:ight before hiin, he

could tell you in a mighty little bit. I want to

answer the question Mr. Henderson asked me awhile

ago,-his question about the Incidental Expenses;
here's one of the largest, the bill ~f Willingham,

E. J. and F. D. Willingham, that was for carpets,

linoleum and cocoa-matting furnished,-and furni-

ture furnished here for this past year-now one here

of Fairbanks, Morse & Company, $807.84, that was

i ' ;

r'or a gasoline engine that we bought down there at

... ;.'}

the Colony; unless you could specify what vouchers

you wanted-here's one, Columbus Iron Works,

$990.90; that's on the ice machine, a part payment

on the ice machine down there, and this electric wir-

ing will cost us at least $12,000; we will pay that so

much a month,-we pay so much every month on

it,-about $250.00 a month on that,-I mean a week,

we pay about $250.00 a' week on that, and the mate-

rial,-we pay about $1,300 a month on that,-dis-

tributed through the year; now this last month,

here's W. W. Moran, $230.00 for lumber bills, and

Rrckters for lime, Harrison Brothers, paint; S. W.

Hatcher, that's for hardware, the whole Incidental

account runs for little things that we are obliged to

have on the premises around here. Years ag~o we

ran that account under the head of Ordinary Re-

198

I
I
I

pairs, and if I am not mistaken, the Legislature passed a law that no part of this appropriation should be used for ordinary repairs, and then that account of Ordinary Repairs was dropped and. this heading gotten up; we had to repair the buildings and we had to buy the paints and the oil and the glass and the lumber and the shingles-and the lime and the cement.

I came here in February, 1883, and I have been

connected with the Institution ever since, with the

exception of twenty-one months; my salary is $2,200

a year and two meals a day in the dining room,

breakfast and dinner; I live in town. The Trustees

require me to be here at seven o'clock and stay here

. i .\

until"my work is done-I usually stay here ten hours

a d~y-I leave my home about six o'clock in the

morning and get here about half past six and I stay

here until four or half past four o'clock, and then

when I get home sometimes an hour and an hour

and. a half's work to do on these little supplies. I

dont' know of any purchase of supplies or any ex-

penditure of money that wasn't absolutely needed

for the benefit of the Institution. I know of pur-

chases being made for this Institution from persons

related to or connected with officers of the Institu-

tion, but they were bought by competitive bids; I

don't know of any purchases having been made of

any firm where any of the officers of this Institu-

tion was directly or indirectly interested in the pur-

_chase; there is a conc_ern in town, Hearn, Andrews,

Fisher & Company, they represent Armour, and Mr.

Andrews is t]1e Treasurer of the Sanitarium; occa-

199

sionally that concern gets the meat; now, the last quarter, they got four hundred sacks of salt, but they were bought under competitive bids-all of those things were; Mr. Andrews has got no more to do with the purchasing of those goods than you have. He is not on that Board, the contracts are awarded by the Executive Committee, which comprises, when they are all here, and they generally are-six of those; I haven't for ten or twelve years known any member of the Board of Trustees of this Institution indirectly or directly connected with the purchase or sales of stuff to this Institution; the Storekeeper inspects these purchases that they make, he has samples, and he is required to see that the goods come up to the samples, and if they are not, then he refers them to me; the Storekeeper is a cousin to our Treasurer. I inspect those articles myself to see if they come up all right; I haven't in the last three months inspected that salt to see whether it came up to the requirements, there are several different grades of salt. The Storekeeper weighs this stuff in all cases, he has scales, I don't inspect anything unless he says it d:oesn 't come up to the sample ; the prices are all made delivered, on the contract goods, the little running purchases are not, we pay the freight on those; three companies do not furnish all the meats, I think there's four or :five-I know Cudahy has had it and Swartzschild & Sulzberger has it now, Armour has had it and the National Packing Company has had it, and I think Nelson Morris had it once,-I'm not sure, and the Hammond Packing Company-three or four of them
200

had it, but we always take the lowest bidder; if they form. a pool and combine against us, we do:ri 't know about that. None of these packing houses or any of these big houses from which we buy supplies offer me or the Trustees any inducements to award contracts to them; if they do, they never come to me as Steward, I have never seen one; we have claims for supplies against these firms, where they fell short in weights, those invoices show that, if they bill, say 15,000 pounds of meat, the Storekeeper weighs it, and sees it is, say, 310 pounds short, well, I give them credit for the 15,000 pounds of meat, less the 310 poundS' short, I only give them credit for what the Storekeeper says he has received, there' is no shortage allowed; we state in that slip that we can't be _governed or controlled by marked weights on
'r . <
packages, and we pay them for what we get-if it runs over, we,pay them for it just the same; werejected some from Jaques & Tinsley, and we rejected two or three shipments of Armour's beef.
My position is not given me through any favors of the Superintendent, I am not dependent upon him for my job; of course, I am under him, but he hasn't the power to appoint or dismiss me, that's for the Board of Trustees.
I have not, -and especially of recent years, noticed any mismanagement or cruelties to patients other than as given by the Physicians who have testified, and there was two years, nearly, I supervised the male wards and I saw no unkind treatment; I went on those wards at all hours of the day-soine-
201
. '

.. - ----- '"" ~ .....:_..... ~

-~--

_~&~1-'.r.ti"'"'
~~i~

times I would start out in the morning and maybe then I wouldn't go next da:y until two or three

,;,

o'clock; if I were to see any mistreatment by Doc-

tor Jones or any of the attendant Physicians, there

i

is no reason why I wouldn't report it; I-would re-

port the Superintendent as quick as I would aJ;J.

employee; I am not allowed to pay the employes

until they subscribe to this oath: ''Have you used

any lmkind treatment or neglect, or have you seen

any or heard of any on the part of the employees.''

Now, then, too, Mr. Simpson, the Supervisor, called

me up and says, "Mr. Lamar, Mr. E. A. Chambers

hasn't signed that oath yet," and of course, I didn't

pay Mr. Chambers until he signed it; that oath is sub-
it scribed by each one, is in a book and he signs it,

nobody a?ministering the oath to them; some of

them has been -discharged, but none of them has re-

fused to take his pay on account of'having to sign

that; I have known Doctor Powell to discharge a

man for calling a man a fool; we may think that's

what the-fellow was here for, because he was a fool,

but we mustn't say so, though.

Gentlemen, I can't see how any man or any woman with any heart in tl~em at all, can think or feel unkindly towards these poor unfortunate creatures; I have got an almt that's been heTe sixty odd years_:_been her~ :fifty years, and it goes home to me; of course, we all lose our tempers at times, but I don't honestly believe theTe is any unkind treatment ol' any bTutal- treatment or any cruel treatment displayed here at all; at times, there are some of the

202

',i"

~i:!i~}

patients here. that require some force to get them off the wards and to get them to a room.

.

'I

'

Referring to this Incidental account here again,

we have to carry this to make general improvements

here; if yve want a slate roof or a tin roof or-shingle

roof or paint, anything like that, it goes on that ac-

count, we don't do that really to dodge the law. I

don't know as we dodge it, because we have a bill

for it and a receipt from the party that we. pay it to;

some of this is and some isn't permanent improve-

ments; now we have twenty-seven acres of :floors,

and they are constantly wearing out,-some of them

are twenty-five or thirty years old; I bought in the

last month 40,000 feet of flooring; now, we put in an

ice machine, it cost us about $7,500 or $8,000, per-

haps, that went to Incidentals; this electric wiring

that we are having done, that will cost us $12,000,

and $6,000 on the dairy, that went to Incidental Ex-

penses-a large portion of it, some of it went to the

Wages pay-roll; but the brick and lumber and cement and lime, it did,-it went to Incidentals; ~ll of

this is charged in this Incidental Expense fund, part

of our Repairs Account is in the Incidental Fund.

I don't know of any, officers or employees of the Institution that are using the property, the teams or. anything of that sort, of the State, for their own private ben~~t; the officers here are furnished with the fuel,-that's hauled by the teams to their houses, -but using it for private purposes, I don't know of a single instance at all.

203

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l

i
l

l,

-I

Say you had an account for merchandise or anything else, against the Institution, you wo-uld go about collecting that money in this way: It is approved by the Board of Trustees, and I take one of these vouchers and note the date of it, say November 11th, bill rendered, so much money; it is payable to you; if it is Subsistence, I write Subsistence, Incidental Expenses or Contingencies,-! send that to you, you receipt that, when it comes back, I pin your invoice to it,--:you must send me two of them, and the duplicate is sent to the Executive Department and the original stays here; he can deposit it in bank, if he wants to; wlien this original and duplicate are attached and .properly receipted, this becomes a sight draft without_ exchange; we get some of them back that the hack of them is just literilllY covered by stamps at the different banks it has been put through; we send one to Chicago and maybe it goes through a half dozen different banks before we get it; there's this about it, since I have been connected with the Institution the contracts have never been behind a clay,___.:if there is anybody to wait, it is the salaries and the employees; we take care of the contracts first; the contracts are paid, as these slips state, it reads this way: ''One third of the articles must be delivered at Milledgeville, "-this is just one of these slips-'' Freight prepaid, by the first of J ami-
will ary, 1909, and cash be paid for the same oil the
5thof February, 1909; one third of the articles must be . delivered at ~illedgeville, freight prepaid, by the 1st of February, 1909, arid cash will be paid for the same on the 5th of March, 1909; one third of
204

the articles must be delivered at Milledgeville, freight prepaid, by the 25th of March, 1909, and cash will be paid for the same on the 5th of April; 1909 ;" these contracts are payable one third at a time; sometimes they come a little over a third, I take an invoice, there-say a man gets 900 barrels of flour, and the :first shipment he sends maybe 310; well, I pay him on that for the 310; and the- next shipment.may be, won't show b1lt 285-it;s just as near one third as they can get it without. splitting the bill up, and the' third payment always closes us up; we draw our requisitiorts one-twelfth at a time, and these statements are made in duplicate, one of them filed in the Executive Department and one 9f them is ':filed in the Superintendent's; now,- the appropiiation this year is $395,000, with a supplementary appropriation of $30,000, making $425,000; we draw two requisitions for one-twelfth of the $395,000, and then we draw one-twelfth of that supplemental ~ppropriation of $30,000. I started here by drawing exactly one-twelfth; we do not divide that one-twelfth up und~r each~one of these heads,-Fuel, Transportation and so on, we draw it for one-twelfth of what is appropriated-one lump sum. Onetwelfth of that will be $32,916.67, I draw that for January and February, sometime during the month of February, as the Governor wrote our Treasurer, please to make it gtn even amount,-thirty-two or thirty-three thousand, January and February will show $32,916.67; the balance of the year will show each month $33,000, except the next month, December, when we dtaw that, that will be a little less, of
205

course; then we draw, as I said just now, one-twelfth of this $30,000; that $30,000 is just to supplement the general appropriation; the Board went before the Legislature and asked them for $15,000 for 1908, and $30,000 for 1909; our appropriation had already been :fixed for 1909 at $395,000. Now, the cost of supplies, I think I can say are higher now than they have been since I have been connected with the Sani-. tarium.
In these competitive bids, I don't :find that all of these meat concerns are in a trust, that the prices is just about the same with them all, you would be surprised at the difference; I can go and get our last bids, they are there in the office, and sometimes there is a cent a pound difference in them; the prices the Institution here is paying for these samples would compare favorably with what the supply men or merchants have to pay for them, he can't buy them nearly as cheap; if we didn't buy them as cheap as we do, we couldn't run it at the per capita we do; I haven't made a comparison with the prices that some large wholesaler pays herB, but I have made the comparison with other Sanitariums; now, the Superintendent of the Sanitarium from Louisiana was here about ten days ago, and he was asking me about the prices of things; "well," he says, "I don't see how you can do it, it is a great deal better than we can do;".now, we pay Armour & Company, for the beef this year, $5.61, and we get as good beef as any man wants- to eat, I don't care who he is; that is equal portions of hind and fore quarters, that is delivered here,-of course, that's delivered from the
206

warehouses and the cold storage room; I think the next quarter we will have to pay him more than that for it. I have got no chance in the world to do any grafting here. I try, gentlemen, to do my duty, and I don't feel that I am entitled to any credit for it at all, because I am expected to do it; I have handled millions of dollars for the State of Georgia, and if ever I have had a copper that I am :uot entitled to, I don't know it.

G. W. HOLLINSHEAD, Sworn, Testified as follows:

I am the Assistant Steward here; as such, I have

charge of the farm, the garden, dairies, coal yards,

wood yards, outside affairs generally,-such as that,

you know; I have charge directly of the farm; about

8,000 bushels of corn and1,200 bushels of peas was

raised here last year, and thirty bales of cotton;

I

that's not accurate, of course; the value of the net proceeds that comes 'to the Institution from the farm,

I think is approximately twelve to fifteen thousand

dollars a year; that's not accurate, of course, you

know, that's just my estimate-approximately that

amount; that includes the whole; I don't remember

what the cotton sold for; I mean, including the cot-

ton and 8,000 bushels of corn and everything, it only

amounts to about twelve or fifteen thousand dollars,

over and above expenses; the expenses of the. farm

is paid out of the funds of the Sanitarium that's ap-

207

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'l



l

!

propriated by the Legislature; the gross value of all products raised on the place, with everything that's there, my recollection is about twenty-two or three thousand dollars, somewhere along there,-I can't state those things accurately, of course, but it's somewhere along there, in the neighborhood of it. We have never run but :fifteen plows on the farm up to now, and have eleven employees who are on the payroll, and from eighty to a hundred of the inmates of the Institution work down there; we have a white man down there, Mr. Massee, who has supervision of those inmates, he stays there on the place all the time; we have for the keeping of those laborers there on that farm a wooden building, sort of dormitory house,-there's some rooms to it, and three or four sides, one side of it is open and the other side is rooms-about the same size as we have up here. Some of those patients have separate rooms,-they don't all of them sleep together; the_ treatment of those patients there, in regard to labor on that farm, by this man Massee, is good, I should say; those patients are not forced to work; we have some trouble with them r-efusing to work, and for that reason sometimes we have had to bring them back up here, sometimes put them in a house down there, sometimes just let them sit down until they take a notion to go to work again, all of the work done on that plantation by the inmates here, is voluntary on their part, there is no force or coercion used on them in any way; those who refuse to work are fed the same as those who do work, at the same table; well, sometimes they can't come to the table, they get too crazy
208

and they can't go to the table, we feed them in the

rooms; we don't have many of such parties clown

there, that we have to keep in the ro.oms and lo~k ~1p,

if we do, we don't keep them there, bring them hack
up here. vVe have a Physician that looks after those

eighty to a hundred odd patients, I think Doctor

Cranston is the attendant Physician for them; I am

not out there every day, I go there sometimes once

and sometimes four times a week, no regular time,

just once, twice, three times or maybe four times a

~eek. Doctor Longino had charge of them at one

time, I think Doctor Swint at one time-there's been

various Physicians, that's had charge of it at various

times; I'm not positive about Doctor Cranston hav-,

ing cl1arge of it doWn. there; there is no resident

Physician down there in charge of it. It's about

four miles down there from the Sanitarium; they

have a telephone down there; we have very little

sickness among those people down there on that

farm, when they. become sick we. remove them at

once back to the Sanitarium, if the Doctor thinks it

I

advisable, it may be just temporary sickness, you.

know; we have just such nurses there to wait on

I

them as we have up here-male attendants. We

have another white man besides Mr. Massee, that

lives there, that looks after the feeding of the- stock

and the rations and things generally; we have no

Physician. or inspector there as to the food that we

fee~ the patients on the farm, except those that go

there from here, Doctor Jones comes down there

right often; I think he is there a sufficient number of

times to tell what kind of food they are eating and

209

bow it is prepared. L~st week I was down there three times, during those three times I didn't see , any Physician there, there were no sick inmates there that I know of, I went around and inquired to see whether there were or not. '

vVe have never brought a great deal of the prod-

ucts from there to the dairy; as to what we do with

the co:rn and stuff we raise out there, we have forty-

nine bead of stock to eat it; we ground one year

something like three-quarters of a year, we fur-

nished this Institution with meal that they feel the

people up here on, and we did grind some this year

for the cattle; that forty-nine head of stock consists

of forty-four mules and five horses, we run eight

mules up here, they are fed over there, we feed from

.... '.-':.

the products of the farm all the_stock that the Sani-

t)i~}it,

tarium owns; we have bogs clown there, and cattle;

they are used exclusively for the use of the Sanita-

hum,-the stock; I don't know of them being used

for any purpose by any party .connected with the

. Sanitarium; we use fifteen mules clown there on the

farm,

and

eight

u p .h e r e

at

the

Sanitarium,-making .

twenty-three; the other nineteen we _have for the

.wagons; we use eight mules constantly around here

in plowing the garden with them; we cultivate some-

thing like three hundred acres in gardens around

this Institution, not conne.cted with the farm; we

use six wagons, we don't use the same mules for the

wagons that we use when we plow; the wagons run

every day in the year; we use twelve mules con-

stantly in wagons. We have got about a hundred

and sixty milch cows in the dairy, the ftmds that

210

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r
i
these cows are purchased with comes from the gen.eral Sanitarium funds, I suppose. I have forgotten exactly what the value of the product of that dairy was last year, something like $6,000, that is :not net; the cost of maintenance was almost as much as we .returned the milk at, I don't think the profits show tip last year over five or six hundred dollars; we fig1ired the milk at twel!tY cents a gallon, which was a mighty low estimate; figuring the milk at twenty cents a gallon, that amounted to about five or six thousand dollars, and the cost of the production of that milk was mighty :near that, for cottonseed meal and hulls, bran meal,-I mean corn meal, hay and labor. Taking into consideration the amount of money that the State has got invested in that stock, and the cost of feeding them, that would be more . than the value of the milk we are getting from the dairy, at the prices we put on it. I haven't any idea how much more the cost would be than the proceeds we are :now getting from. it, hav~ :never :figured that out. If we wanted milk and would go out into the market to buy it, I understand it would cost us thirty cents a gallon :now; I don't think we could go out in the market and buy that milk we :needed here to run the Institution, if we didn't have the dairy and raise the milk; I think we would have to keep
a that dairy, even at loss to the State, to supply the
milk. In :figuring the profits we get from that herd of cattle, I did:n 't :figure the value of the fertilizer we
I
get from them, or the increase in the herd.
_: If anybody here uses any of the stock connected with that farm or with the dairy department here,
2Ll
. ' ~ ,' '
. l '1

I
any of the stock belonging to the State at all for hauling their own wood or plowing their own gardens or anything of that kind, I don't lmow it, and I think I would know it, too, if they did. I have been in charge of that department about twenty-four years; that dairy was in existence when I came here, over thirty-five- years ago, in a smaller way, on a smaller scale; if any of the milk from that dairy goes to any other purpose than to the patients of this Institution, I don't know it; when it is milked and strained and sent out of my custody, I know nothing fmther as to what becomes of it or what use it is put to, after .it is turned over to the- kitchens I don't; I don't know of any milk being sold to a;nybody from that dairy. I have never received any proceeds there from the sale of milk to outside parties.
There is telephonic communication between the Colony and this place, and in the event any of the patients down there should become sick or receive any injmy o~ any kind, or have- any difficulty that. would require the assistance of a Physician, that. is at once communicated to the Sanitarium here, and they get one very promptly.
vVe don't pay anything at all to the patients as an inducement t0 get. them to work; the patients we have down there on the Colony farm are only colored male patients. I think it is part of my duty to see that they are properly treated and cared for, and that they have proper food. The proceeds of that dairy farm clown there are six thousand odd dollars,
212
'

the milk from the dairy farm, and it hardly clears expenses, 'Placing a valuation of twenty~cents a gallon on the milk that we get from there; we count into that the amount appropriated by the Statecharge the milking up with it, with the feed bought there for the cows as a part of the expenses, and charge up the hired help that we have there in that dairy; perhaps my report there, you could get more out of that than you could out of the questions,-out of me-it shows the itemized account of it,-what we keep there, what we pay for it, and so forth and so on. The next expenses at the dairy, at the valuation we have been putting on the milk for the last few years, has been very little-in other words, if I was running that dairy for a profit, for money, I wouldn't have made any profit out of it-not at these prices; we use some of the inmates of the Sanitarium also, in there, and of course get their services free of charge, we don't have to .pay anything at all for their services. We have eight hired men in the dairy, and work anywhere from four to ten inmates, sometimes as many as ten. I do not live near the dairy, I live some little distance from it, a mile, I reckon, or a mile and a quarter, maybe, about that. My salary has been $1,500 a year up to now, it is now $1,600 a year, and I am entitled to buy my supplies here from the Institution; I get notl1ing else, I do get two meals a day, because I am here-I couldn't be here and at home too, you lmow-I don't lmow, the Board has given me that for years, and that's a part of my compensation, also. I have up to this year gotten fuel free of charge, it was a part of my
213

compensation, just like .the meals were; I didn't pay anything- for it, it was given to me; the house I live in does not belong to the State; I have not a farm there, just a house and lot; I carry on no farming_business--I have the land there. If we could have sold the product of milk, say at thirty cents, the market price, the net pr.ofit to us on the milk would have been something like $2,000, I guess. From my report to the Superintendent it shows there that it is a little gain, in each one of them,-very little, though, I think forty odd dollars in one and six hundred or so in the other, maybe; if we figured in what would be interest on the investment, it would be at a losS'; but there's several indirect advantag-es we get from the farms that we wonldn 't otherwise get. Vle furnished the Institution with meal for three quarters of the year, furnished it for about nine months all the meal w~ used year before last; I think we wil~ make about twenty bushels of corn to the acre this year, I think I '11 get four or five thousand bushels of potatoes, and these are all used at the Institution; we don't sell anything- off that farm which can be used for the Institution, unless we have a surpluswe have sold some things-we sell to the officers here some things off the farm; we sell to the ofiicers here every month in the year, and keep an account of it; I kept no consolidated acc'ount of it, the Storekeeper keeps that; I turn it in to the Storekeeper, Mr. Hunter, and he keeps account of what he sells,-

':. ,,:!.
:J.,;,

214

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L. J. L'ii:M.AR, Recalled, T'esti:fied as follows:
We have printing- clone for the Sanitarium in half a dozen places,-we g-et it sometimes from Foote & Davies, in Atlanta, and by the Savannah Morning. News. That was gotten up by the Louisville Courier, by competitive bids-my recollection is that was . for about.$12.00 a thousand-it was done about two years ag-o, but I know it was clone by the Louisville Courier Job Printing- Company; that was the origi. nals and duplicates; we have work clone by the Morning News and Foote & Davies, though, too; we let our printing out on competitive bids, as other things, we don't advertise in the newspapers, though, but I write around to the different ones; now, the reports this year were published by Byck, M. S. & D. A. Byck, of Savannah-we got bids from the Savannah Morning- News and the Aug-usta Chronicle, J. W. Burke & Company, of Macon, Lester Book & Stationery Company, of Atlanta; but we don't advertise, I write around, and when I g-et their bids, they are submitted to our Board; some of these are books for the Superintendent's office-Daily Records and History Books, books for the Store rooms,. the Storekeeper and for the Bookkeeper, and letter heads for the Assistant Physicians and Superintendent and Steward and the Eng-ineer; I could furnish you with the printed forms that we have printed .and that we use in the Institution here, I'll go and get them.
(Stenographers' Note: The following are the copies of the forms submitted by the witness):
215

GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM

STEWARD'S VOUCHER

To............---------------- Dr. Payable to ------

No....................____ _ Recorded

Address..--------- --- ------

--- 190......

The receipt below, together with DUPLICATE hereto at-

tached must both be dated, signer! and endorsed by the party in

whose favor this Voucher is made. Signatures must be techni-

cally correct, and if any changes or erasures are made, or if the

Duplicate is detached, this ORIGINAL VOUCHER WILL NOT

BE PAID.

== = -1------,l=_-- --------=I= =-_ - __-__-__-___-___-__-___-_

I I
~--/=

____,_____-_I

il

DISTRIBUTION

Account

Approved for payment. Amount

~i===

-------

----- --- --Supt.
- -----~1-

Milledgeville,
Georgia,
---------190 ..
When this Original and Duplicate attached are b o t h properly dated and receipted in ink, t h i s Original when presented becomes a sight draft (without exchange) on

---------
~--

Steward.

216

Received (place)----.---------------- (da te) ............------190___ _ From the GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM
( $---) .....--- ........................-------'-- ----- ----,.....--- Dollars, in full of above ~ccount.
, Date, Sign and Endorse Both Original and Duplicate. DO NOT DETACH.
(Attached _to the above form, is another, identi-
. cal in character, with the exception that the same is
ma.rked "Duplicate" through the c.enter, instead of ''Original.'' And a line of perforations run through the forms, on the left-hand side, so that one may easily -be detach'ed from the other, at will.) The form of Requisition is as follows:
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM.
Milledgeville, Ga., _____._________19___ _
REQUISITION.
For the support and maintenance of the Georgia State Sanitarium, of the State of Georgia, drawn under the General Appropriation Act of_ ________ _ for the years ____________ and________~----- This Requisition being for the month of__-____________,
To amount now needed, $-----------1 certify the -above to be correct.
__________________ Steward.
217

i

:~;~}~

Approved:

'""""1 i

_____________________________Supt., Etc.

Audited:
1-~-------~------------------
2 _____ ~-----~----------------
43-_-_-_-_-_~_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_~_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_
56-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_~_-_~_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_--_ 7___________________________ _
8g~_-_-__-_-_-_-_~_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_~_-_-_-_-_~ 10___________________________ _

Trustees Georgia State Sanitarium.

''GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM.
Milledgeville, Ga., ______________190__ _
Statement of Expenses for____________190__
Subsistence -----------------------------Clothing ---------------------------Fuel and Transportation____________ .,. _____ _
Salaries --------------------------------VVages ~---------------------------------Incidental Expenses ---------------------Medical Supplies ------------------------Contingencies ---------------------------Postage and Stationery--------------------
Total $--------------
218

'~.:_

Approved: ------------~----------Superintendent, Etc.

Audited:
21-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_~_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_~_-_-_-_-_-_--_

3-~---------------------~----------

I . I

4___________ ~----------------------

I
. I

Trustees Georgia State Sanitarium.

!

I certify the above to be correct,

Steward.

''CoNTRACT FOR RENT.
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM)
Office of
L. J. LAMAR, Steward.
. Milledgeville, Ga., Oct. 22, 1909.
. ,'
SEALED PROPOSALS will be received at this office until the 17th day of November next, at 10 o'clock, a.m., to furnish this institution _with beef, as follows:
. lst.-1,000 to 1,200 lbs. good MERCHANTABLE BEEF each day, at such time of the day as may be required, in equal proportions of fore and hind quarters, the delivery to commence on the 1st day of January, 1910, and continue twelve months.
219 .

2nd.~Good 0 Merchantable. WESTERN BEEF, to be furnished for the months of January, February, March, April and May, 1,000 to 1,200 lbs. each day, fore and hind quarters, and good MERCHANTABLE BEEF for the seven months beginning June 1st and ending December 31st, 1910, the same amoun1 as above to be supplied daily.

Western Beef to be delivered at .Store House, freight prepaid: Local Beef to be delivered at cold storage room. All Beef to be re-weighed.

Western Beef can be supplied in car load lots.

Cars to be shipped so as to meet demand of 1,000

to 1,200 pounds beef used daily. Separate bids can

0 be made to supply vVestern Beef only for January,

February, March, April and May, or to supply both

vVestern and Local Beef, or only Local Beef for 8

or.12 months.

.

The money to be paid for the same monthly.

Fifteen per cent. of the amount due to be retained

from each monthly payment as security for faith-

ful performance of contract. The right is reserved

to reject any and all bids. Bids should be marked

''To Furnish Beef,'' and addressed to

L. J. LAMAR, Steward."

GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM.

Milledgeville, Ga., August 20, 1909. 0 -
The undersigned will receive, under authority of the Board of Trustees, up to the 15th day of Sep-

,: :

220

.. \

tember, 10 o'clock a. m., at store house of Georgia State Sanitarium, SEALED PRQIPOSALS for furnishing the articles specified below :

Parties offering bids will be at liberty to bid for any one or more of the articles in the list; all being required to furnish with their bids samples of the articles proposed to be supplied; and -any article furnished not coming up fully to such samples may be rejected and returned at the expense of the bidder. All articles must be strictly sound and of good merchantable quality. The meal must be delivered in such quantities as required weekly.

One-third of the articles must be delivered at Milledgeville, FREIGHT PREPAID, by the first of October, 1909, and cash will be paid for the same. on the 5th of November, 1909.

One-third of the articles must be delivered at

Milledgeville, FREIGHT PREP~ID, by the 1st of

November, 1909, and cash will be paid for the same

on the 5th of December, 1909.



One-third of the articles must be delivered at Milledgeville, FREIGHT PREPAID, by the 25th of November, 1909, and cash will be paid for the same on the 5th of January, 1910.

ALL ARTICLES WILL BE RE-WEIGHED ANDRE-MEASURED BY THE STORE-KEEPER, AND MUST COME UP TO ADVERTISED WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS. vVE CANNOT BE GOVERNED OR CONTROLLED BY MARKED WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS.

221

.-'-
~ '~'''":.
.-

. All Dry Goods and Clothing to be delivered by

the 1st day of October, 1909.



No payment will be made unless the contract in each case has been fully arid faithfully complied with.

MARK EACH S.AMPLE PLAINLY_ WITH NAME OF FIRM BIDDING AND PRICE OF AR-" TICLE, WI-IICH WILL INSURE THE SAFE RETURN OF SAMPLES TO BIDDER.

NO BID 'WILL BE ENTERTAINED WITH. OUT SAMPLE:S. ALL SAMPLES RETURNED AT EXPENSE OF BIDDER.

NO BIDS SHALL BE ENTERTAINED UNLESS SAMPLES ARE IN POSSESSION OF STOREKEEPER ON THE 14th of SEPTEMBER AND BIDS BY 10 0 'CLOCK A. IVL, ON THE 15th. TI-IIS WILL BE STRICTLY ENFORCED.

Bidders from Milledgeville will _be required to deliver goods at store house, Sanitarium.

N. B.-NO DEVIATION FROM ABOVE TERMS.

LIST 0:1!, ARTICLES.
(More or less at option -of Oommittee.) 55,000 lbs. D. S. Extra ribs-50 lbs. average. , 10,500 lbs. best hams, 14 lbs. average. - 9,500 lbs. Rio coffee, (green}.
900 bbls. best patent flour, in wood.
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185 bbls. grits, in wood. 6,000 lbs. pure leaf lard, in tierces. 3,000 lbs. cooking oil. 16,500 lbs. rice, in wood. 25,000 lbs. standard granulated sugar, in wood. 3,600 gals. syrup.
400 gals. vinegar. 350 lbs. sifted grain black pepper.
6 kegs bi-carb soda. 10,000 lbs. best cream cheese. 10,000 lbs. No. 1 Mackerel. . 1,700 bushels meal, in two-bushel sacks. 5,000-lbs. :vaporated apples. -
300 sacks Irish potatoes, 10 pks. to sack. 2,600 lbs. plug tobacco. 10,000 lbs. turpentine soap.
80 doz. good brooms. 50 tons C. S. meal. 100 tons C. S. hulls. 400 sacks salt, 100 lbs. each. 24 cases potash, 1 lb. cans.
350 doz. spool cotton. 250 doz. ladies' hose. 250 doz. gents' half-hose. 100 doz. ladies' handkerchiefs.
60 doz. gents' handkerchiefs. 75 doz. gents' suspenders. 50 doz. toilet pi!ls.
4 gross safety pins, No. 3. 24 gross 4-4 shoe laces.
223

6 gross coarse combs. 4 gross :fine combs. 3 gross plantation combs. 12 doz. feather dusters. 12 doz. shaving brushes. 50 lbs. ball twine for mattresses. 6 gtoss lead pencils. 12 gross writing pens. 35 reams Commercial note paper. 15 M. white envelopes. 24 doz. hair brushes. 12 great gross rice buttons, No. 11j2 12 gross, great, rice buttons, No. 30. 12 great gross black bone pants buttons.
50 doz. tumblers. 12 three-gallon galv. water buckets 10 gross No. 71;2 tin basins. 6 gross 1 pt. tin dippers. 24 doz. scrub brushes.
6 doz. small tin waiters. 12 doz. white-wash brushes.
40 doz. men's wool hats. 200 doz. undershirts, sizes 36 to 44. 200 rubber sheets, 48x72. 1,000 8-4 white bed spreads. 1,000 men's winter coats, 34 to 44. 400 men's winter vests, 34 to 42.
224

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300 prs. 10-4 white blankets. 3,000 prs. 10-4 colored blanketi?. 6,000 yds. jeans, for pants. 5,000 yds. drilling, for drawers. 4,000 yds. 8-oz. Osnaburgs. 5,000 yds. checked homespun. 5,000 yds. fancy dress ginghams. 6,000 yds. 7-8 unbleached shirting. 8,000 yds. 4-4 unbleached sheeting. 8,000 yds. 8-4 unbleached sheeting. 3,000 yds. 10-4 bleached sheeting. 5,000 yds. ticking.
300 prs. men's high qr. soft leather bals. ? to 10.
300 prs. men's high qr. brogans, 8 to.ll. - ?4 prs. each, men's brogans, 12 and 13.
- 450 prs. vVos. soft leather shoes, 3 to 7.
100 prs. Wos. leather shoes, 6 to 9. 200 prs. men's leather slippers, 7 to 10.
200 prs. Wos. leather slippers, 6 to 9.
The bidder must specify the price at which each item or kind of goods is proposed to be furnished, by the pound, gallon or sack, as. the case may be; the right being reserved to award the contract for, supplying the above named articles to any one or more of the bidders, or reject any bid offered. All bids for such supplies must be sealed, stating for what Sllpplies the bid is made, but in no manner what-
225
8-inv

soever shall the sealed envelope indicate ori its outside from whom the. bid is made. Bids should be marked ''TO FURNISH SUPPLIES,'' and addressed to
LuciUs J. LAMAR, Steward."
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM.
__,_________,______.___,___,__._190___ _ To STORE-KEEPER:
Please supply to Ward No. ___________ _ __ :.. _________________________Dept., the following:

-

--

--

---

--

--

--' ---

--

--

---

--

--

---

--

--

------'

--

---

Signed,

Approved,

226 'i

"Bms FOR WooD.
GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM, OFFICE OF STEWARD. Milledgeville, Ga., .April 5, 19"09.
The nndersigned will receive under authority of. the Board of Trustees, until the 28th of .April, 1909, at 10 o'clock, a. m., bids for furnishing this Institution with 800 cords of pine, or oak and hickory wood, 4 feet long; split, not to exceed 6 inches, delivered at such time and place as may be required. Privilege will be granted party .to cut wood on Sanitarium lands. The money will be paid for the wood monthly. -Rights reserved to reject any and all bids. Bids should be marked, ''To Furnish Wood,'' and adch:essed to
Lucms J. LAMAR, Steward."
W. H. HUNTER, Sworn, Testified as follows: I am Storekeeper of the Institution; as uch,
my duty is to receive an the goods purchased for . the Institution and disburse them on requisitions, except the Medical and Engineering supplies, which go through still another channel, the bookkeeper; none of the bills of the Sanitarium for supplies are paid by me, I handle no money at all; at the end of the year we have ari inventory taken-well, I take
227

....., :
an inventory of it four times a year, but at the end of the year that is rendered in-put the amount in dollars ~:mel cents; I check goods out of that storeroom on the requisition of the Steward's, usually, the Engineer and Assistant Steward are allowe-d to draw requisitions for their departments-the Doctors are permitted to draw out eggs and things like that for the sick only; the Assistant Steward's requisition is not approved or countersigned by anybody, he is at liberty to check out and draft on the store room for any amount or quantity of stuff that he sees :fit, for his department, usually for stuff thathe has ordered, he very often has to order plows and plow-stocks and things like that for the farm; he gives an order to the Steward, I_ reckon, and the Steward orders them for him, I reckon that's the usual channel it goes through ;'he does not check out such things as provisions, meal and things of that kind, they are all drawn by the Steward, the Steward draws them on his own requisitions, himself; -the requisition that the Assistant Steward sends in is for farm implements, seeds for the garden, fertilizers and things like that; with those two exceptions, outside of the Doctors, for special things from the store-house, nobody else checks out or drafts on that department but the Superintendent, of course he is the head of the Institution, his requisition would he hono"red at any time-nobody else's though, just those three, Doctor Jones, the Superintendent, Mr. Lamar and Mr. Hollinshead, and the Engineer,-we have forgotten him,-he makes requisitions too, on the general store-house; those Doctors that drafts
228

on the store-house, their drafts or requisitions 18

for special things for their patients, like eggs and

sugar and lemons,-things like that; I :wouldn't

honor the draft of anybody else, unless. approved by

the Steward or the Superintendent; the Apothecary

or Druggist gets t.he approval of the Steward for

his requisition paper; it isn't necessary, under the

rules of the Institution, that the requisitions that ~the

Assistant Steward draws on that store-house shall

contain the approval of the Steward himself before

I honor it; the draft of the Superintendent of the Institution does not have the approval of the Stew~

ard on it; I reckon the Steward knows about what

goes ou:t, he sees the: requisitions that's signed, I

guess he knows what's gone out; I have never seen

,.:

one of Doc~or Jones' since he has been S'nperintend-

ent; but if he did draw one, I :would honor it, of

course; he don't draw any requisitions on the store-

house at all, that I know of, when he wants anything

it goes through the Steward's hands; I am certain

about whether the Assistant Steward draws any-

thing from the storehouse without the approval or

order of the Steward proper; I know he draws requi-

sitions on us, on his own signature; I have two ~s

sistants in that storehouse. My salary is $1,350.00,

fuel, lights and quarters; I have no idea what they

would cost, if I were buying them; I am not a man of

fa"mily, I have just a single room; lights and fuel are

a part of my compensation. Those goods are pur-

chased by the Executive Committee of the Board of

'l'r.tistees. Plows are u~ually purchased in town as

needed for the farm, I should judge, by the Steward,-

': ...;j'

229

I guess, or the Assistant Steward gets them to pur chase them; they come through the storehouse and are drawn out just like everything else is, on requisitions, whenever they want them, why they make a requisition for them just like they would do with anything else that we have got there in the storeroom; these requisitions are written orders; I never let anything g-o out of the store on a verbal order; if one of the nurses or the supervisors should go there and say one of the Physicians had sent her there to get certain things, I would not let anything go out on such a statement as that, without the written requisition; these requisitions are filed and kept; supplies for the kitchens are issued by directions of the Steward. I don't purchase a thing; I check it up, :first, when it comes in, and then the bookkeeper checks it up after me, to see that everything that comes in there goes out; I weigh every pound of stuff that comes in the place, that is, provisions, of course; clothing and things like that are not weighed, I measure such things as that; I weigh all the things that's bought by the weight, and measure things that are bought J:>y the measure; we have a very large pair of platform scales at one of the back doors in the warehouse, where we weigh our carload lots; we don't have railroad scales, track scales, we unload it, we don't weigh carload lots on car scales; we do not frequently have complaints as to shortage :n weights, but when there is any _shortage, I charge it up; I can't say it is a frequent occurrence, that we have things running over, but it does occur occasionally; we couldn't re-weigh such things as carload
230

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lots of -coal, we have no railroad scales at. all, it is

taken entirely on their weights; everything is re-

weighed except coal; I don't handle the coal at all; . the Assistant Steward, I think, ~reeps the coal, checks

it up. T-o make it clear about the pmchases of these

goods_ by Captain Hollinshead, the bills that he

makes are posted on my books and requisition given

for the goods, and I approve the bills and it is turned

over to the Steward and when the Executive Board meet~, he approves it for payment and it is paid by

vouchers; the bookkeeper enters it, posts it, or keeps

account of it; the bookkyeper's department shows

what 1 ought to have in the store all the time. I

could go to the bookkeeper's department and :find out

how many pounds of bacon I ought to have on hand

. '
..:~. .!

at any time, and how many pounds of co:ffee-nr how

;;'~'>-H

many' yards of cloth and how many blankets an.]

sheet~ and such as that; we take an inventory, four

times a year, sir.

R. E. DUNNINGTON, Sworn, testified:

I was once an inmate of this Sanitaiium; I left

here March, 1909; I came here the 27th of December,

27th of December to December is. twelve-thirteen,

fourteen-well, you might say fifteen months, lack-

ing about twelve days-or about fourteen months

and a half; 0 ward is the :first ward that I went {o,

that's the Reception Ward-0 ward and B ward is

reception wards, th_en I was sent to W ward, where

.. :.1i

231

::;',::::j

(

I stayed .only three days or three or four clays; I

was sent down to 0 ward then, and stayed there

probably a month or two. A Doctor Swint, R. C.

Swint, was my physician in 0 ward, and Mr. Ross,

Jim Ross was the head attendant; in that ward I

have seen young, men attendants jerking old men

around and kicking them around, and I have seen

y-oung attendants choking patients; there'S' o~e

named Wisham, that I have seen do that, that's now

been discharged-run away from here-and I heard

some of the attendants say he taken a watch that be-

longed to them, taken that away; that, though, was

not the bosses, or Mr. Ross, the head attendant-!

saw that, though; I didn't see any cruelty perpe-

... ,.-

tratecl by Mr. Ross, the head attendant, in that ward;

there was no cruelty inflicted upon me in that ward.

The. next ward that I was sent to was X ward-no,

T ward; I stayed there a month or over; I seen cru-

elty inflicted upon the patients there, and also had

it inflicted upon me; the name of the attendants that

I saw the cruelty inflieted by, upon the patients there,

not my-self; I have seen Hall, a former attendant

here, a red-headed man, kick a man, Luckie, around,

a frail man at that time, a very stout man now, he

has been built up ; I have seen him kick him a1l

around with a pair of shoes like this (indicating his

own) possibly heavier-and he had on a canvas ham

size-I have seen -him kick him around so hard that

it's a wonder to me that it didn't give him some rec-

tal trouble; the patient wasn't doing anything to

him, just picked up some trash or did some little

crazy something like that; he was discharged, I

232.

I

think, got in trouble with a lot of women-but he

wasn't discharged about the- patients; as to the cru-

elty inflicted upon me, one night there-they had an

attendant named Harris, an assistant attendant, and

we were doing something unusu~l, they don't allow

the patients to play cards, they generally use the

tables themselves, the attendants do, themselves, but

we that night managed to get a table somehow or

other, and we were playing cards, and Mr. Harris

asked me to go a:q_d get my medicine and it was jt-ist

_in reaching distance, and so I j nst said, "hancl it

right over to me, Mr. Harris," it was right where he

-could reach it over to me, and he said,.'' I'm not wait-

ing o:ri you God damned people,' 1 something or other

like that, and I says, "no sir, I know you aint, Mr.

Harris, I see the patients wait on the attendants

around here," he says, "yes, that's the way it is,

yes, I have got a pa!ient that does my washing,"

which I knew he had, and I said, "although if 'I

understand the matter right, you all here are hired

here to do certain things 'for the patients that they

can't do for themselves;" he says, "that's about

enough out of you, you've been too biggity any-

how, you've been reading the newspapers and chew-

ing the rag, and we aint got much use for your kind

of people around-here no-way, it creates a bad im-

pression among the patients,'' and I said, ''Mr. Har-

ris, I wasn't treated right when I :first came here, if

I had been I would have"-well, he says "I don't

want to hear no more out of you, you just shut up

your mouth;" I says "all right," and he says "I'm

-a great mind to go. out and beat the devil out of you

,_ :~-l

-233

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anyway;" I says " all right, sir, that's up to you;"

he says ''shut up your mouth,'' and I went to my

room and laid down on the bed; I don't know whether

there was anything worse than that-well, I do know

that there w_as not,-some words passed, and I said

ni know you can'beat me up, I'm in position so I

can't help myself," and I went ~m off and was lying

down on my bed; and he came up and got some more

attendants and came in the room,-I had set my

chair against the door and they came in there and

taken hold of me, and three of them was standing

on my breast while one was choking me with the

suspenders,-.:the last thing I remember was him say-

ing ''give me a pair of suspenders,'' everything was

: . ' . '~
~~:M

getting dark to me, I couldn't remember anything, they throweel me in that room, I don't know how

long I was unconscious, I don't lmow, rcouldn 't say;

I thought I was .dead, but when I came to, I was_

in that wire-guard room; the wire-guard room is a

very close room anyway with the windows up,-with

the attendants gone; the attendant, Harris, who clone

that has been discharged for letting patients escape;

one of the attendants was Oliff Hadaway, there was

four attendants; Hadaway was working on S ward

when I left here, a big, blithering fellow, a man

that's illiterate, he came here in a suit of overalls,

and the rest of those attendants was Oliff Hadaway

and H. E. Fluery, and he was an attendant on E

'ward; Fleury was an attendant when I left, with

Alex Hawkins. You see, if I had my reference to

this newspaper I could run over it in just half the ti1~e; the other- one was Morgan Thompson-the

234
:......

I
r.

other man was Cliff Hadaway, on the same ward-

on S ward; when I came to I was just as weak as

' .. :

water, I was weak and sore, just plumb sore all over

in the muscles, every muscle about me, you know,

when a man's choking you, you're going to make

some effort to get loose you lmow-oh, I was just

sore and bruised all over; on my throat was the signs

where I had been choked, the prints of his :fingers

and those suspenders; they told-me when they c~me

in why they were in:f:licting this punishment upon

me, they said "you have been too biggity around

here, and you have sassed us sometimes and so you

are a had example to the patients," but they didn't

say that in a nice, cool manner, they were all the

- . .
i~~

time cursing, with oaths, and they were j-ust in the
heat oi' passion when they did this choking; I don't

. j

remember the exact date upon which this occurred,

this choking, I could tell better if I had my paper

that I wrote up this article in; there were other in-

juries in:f:licted in that ward upon me, the head at-

tendant, Mr. Leary and Harris, that one that was

in that other choking business,-they choked me

.one time, separate from the occasion of this other .

choking, another time; I wasn't choked as bad on

that occasion as I was the other time, but they

handled me pretty rough, though, I can tell you that,

though I wasn't choked into unconsciousness on that

occasion, but I was choked until my breath was cut

off; the Physician in charge of that ward was Doc-

tor Swint, Doctor R. C. Swint; I reported this cruelty

_to him, and he took no steps whatever; I made com-

plaint to Doctor Jones, and he took no steps, just

235

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."l

._;

gave me a smile and turned off to somebody else,

some other patients waiting to speak to him, he made

no investigation of it to find out the extent of the

affair, the only investigation that ever I heard of,

or anything at all, was just the Doctor would ask

some attendants,-the same one, the same attendant,

-"did you do so and so, "-or maybe the Super-

visor,-''did you do so and so, what that man said,"

and, of course, he wouldn't acknowledge to doing it;

they never had me before any of them as witnesses,

while I was in the Asylum my word was no more

taken than a yellow dog, and no other patient's was -

taken either. The food furnished under Doctor

Swint was very, very unpalatable, in the morning

. I

they ser-ved a little hash, it's always cold, however,

.. 1

., ': ... ~

and on several occasions I found cockroaches in the

stuff, in the grits. I was sick on W ward, the first

night that I stayed there, I was walking the floor

with hemorrhoids and wasn't abusing anybody, I

was just simply suffering,-why, I couldn't lie down,

-was just walking the floor and I was groaning with

those piles and he came and says ''cut out that fuss,'' well, I shut up for a while, but I got to suffering so bad-I couldn't lie down on the bed, and got up again on the .floor, and theycame in there and like to beat me to death, he and the crowd, the attendants, hit me, that was the head attendant, Will May; the Doc-

tor wasn't there that night; I tried to get them to call the Doctor up for me, but he didn't come; I did complain to Doctor Swint about this treatment, and he did absolutely nothing,-only moved me to 0

ward, he moved me down stairs, he did that, and

23G

l'
I
. I
j
Doctor Swint told me~ "I'm a great mind not to move you, I'm a great mind to just leave you here and conquer you right here;" I says "I know you can do that all right, either they will conquer me or kill me, they have pretty nearly done that, and I have done nothing to be conquered about,'' he says ''well,. we can do it, we can conquer you right on this ward;'' this treatment I received in T ward, is the "treq,tment I have just now related. They moved i:ne from T toR ward, I believe it was-I was moved so much it's hard to keep up with it, but I believe it was R ward-yes, it was R ward; I was choked down there, and beat and like to drowned in that bath tub down there; one day I had a fever ther~., and I wasn't abl~,-I hadn't eaten nothing in about eight days, I couldn't eat nothing, and I was lying in bed and they wouldn't bring my meals to me, I was to~ sick, and the attendant took it upon himself that they wouldn't bring the meals to me, and I was too sick to get up to get. them, and so Doctor Jones came through and asked what's the matter, and I told him I was sick an,d told him that I hadn't eat nothing _ and that they told me I must go after it,-they woulc1n 't bring me my meals,-and Doctor Jones says ''that man's sick and ought to have something to eat, "-he just happened to casually glance at ine and I hadn't S'een him before but twice since I had been in the Asylum,----..:Doctor Jones hardly ever or pever does come through there-well, he came and asked me to bathe, but I knew I had to do it, I told him I wasn't able to. bathe, but I lmew I had to do it if they came after me-, there wasn't nothing to it but
237

bathe, and I got up, an assistant attendant named Brake-he's quit now, he got married-he came there to .bathe me, and there was an epileptic standing there, to the ward at the hath tub, cooling the water, and I didn't notice the man-there was several standing up there, but I wasn't noticing, I had my head down, I was sick as could he, wasn't .able to take no hath, hut I went there and this epileptic grabl;led me and snatched me around pretty hard and says "you take your damned things off, sir;" I says, ''who are you,'' and so I looked up and seen it was a patient, you know, and he says "that's allright, I'll just hammer hell out of you in about two minutes," I says "I'm not able to fight man, I'm sick, I'm not in any position to fight,'~ and I got in the water there and I asked him to turn on a little ;more eold water, something or other like that, and he says, "who in the hell's _running this," and he says "I'm going to hammer hell out of you about this thing yet,'' and he reached oveT to grab a broom-stick, and I grabbed the broom-stick to keep him from getting it and hitting me with it, and he got me down in the bath tub~I was as weak as water, and this attendant run in and jumped on me, him and the patient both jumped on m), and they got others and they like to beat me to death; and as weak; as I was, they taken me in there and slung me in the wire guard room-I was weak as water and couldn't resist them in no way, I didn't try .to,-I was so weak that when they slung me in there I hit on my head, just slung me in there like you would throw a cow or s:ome-

. i

I

238

thing in there, and I stayed in there eight days with no cover on nor nothing, no clothes at all, and I had a hot fever,-intermittent fever, and stayed in there eight or nine days, and about the seventh or eighth day I bought a chicken and I got just about two legs out of that chicken, the rest of it was eat by somebody else, I don't know; when they put me in that wire-guard room I had no clothes on, just like I came in the world; it was warm weather-! have been in there in cold weather, though, that way, but this particular time was in August; I hollered that clay from eight to twelve for water and I just didn't get one single drop, although the attendants ~ere around there and heard me, I just kept hollering for water, my throat was sore, you know, where they had choked me and I just hollered for water and they woulcln 't give me anything at all until dinner time and my little old soup came in there and they gave me a little tin cup of water, and they had bruised and beat me up and choked me up and I showed that to Doctor Swint, who saw and examined those bruised places then, but dicln 't do anything for me, m any way.
I was thrown clown on the floor and I lit on my arm and body that way, you know, and then somebody kicked me on the stomaoh and legs, I don't hardly know how I did receive them, I know I received them through him and thafit was through his hands that I received them-I know he kicked me and choked me; I don't know where this Brake lives now.
239

I was moved to X ward from there; I got that finger broke in X hall, that's a stiff joint there, that finger was broken and then I had it splintered after I got home, my mother and father and everybody that knows me can tell you that that finger was -allright when I came here; John Kitchens is the name of the attendant that did that; the way that injury QCCurred, I was lying on my bed with a sick headache-I have them v~ry often-in the Asylum bed in my room or cell, and an epileptic came down the hall and stood in front of my door and he had a mouth organ and he blew it as hard as he could blow it and no tune to it, you gentlemen can imagine how it sounded-a very narrow hall too-about seven or eight feet wide-and I went to the door and begged him to desist; I didn't see an attendant around, it was his place to be on the hall, so I understand the rule books to say, we don't see these rule books, though, they are a mystery to us, what they read,the patients; so he wouldn't desist and started up the hall, there, and I went out to get an attendant, to get Ki.tchens, Mr. Kitchens, who .was supposed to be on the hall, but he wasn't there, and so I came back,-I couldn't find him, he wasn't there, and so I came back,-I couldn't find him, he wasn't in the dormitory, wasn't there; I don't know where he had gone to, and when I came back, the patient says, the epileptic-"t4at God damned son of a bitch says he's got a headache and he's gone down there and reported me, and I'm going down there and simply -give him hell;'' and he was a pretty big fellow, and l1e gTabbed a chair like he was going to hit me, and -I
. 240

picked up a chair to knock off the lick, and I think this Kitchens had hid to get me into a scrap, as Doctor Swint had already promised me that he would discharge me pretty soon, and I think he done that to keep me from getting discharged-and so he came in there and grahbecl me around the neck and another patient~he got him too-and grabbed me by the neck and they choked me and hit me in the face, and that :finger (indicating) was broke, and th~y threw me in the wire-guard there ; the wire-guard room is a solid room, it has a window but it has a wire-guard over there, and that wire-guard locks,-
. it: has a bolt in there and that locks the door-I mean
the window; I stayed in there ten or twelve clays. They carried me to U ward then.
. i
while I was in X hall, a patient had it in kinder for me, about some beef steak, that Doctor Swint had been requisitioning for me, and he was in charge of the attendant's table- then, and I went over there to get this steak and two of them jumped on me about it-I went to get the pan of steak and he says "this other is your's;" I says, "all right, C'arte'r, I didn't know it, I thought it was all steak, it looks alike,to me;" he says "it is all steak but that aint your's, and don't mess with that other pan and get away from the table;'' I says ''all right, I'll get _away, but I don't think there's any use talking that way, you are a patient like I am;" he says, "that's all right, I'm patient enough to just slap hell out of you in about. two minutes," and he jumped on me and I was pretty sick anyway after taking some calomel, and weak, and this Carter had it in for nie, and
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when they had me down on the floor, he got a slap at me, and the patients will do most anything you tell themto,-they're pretty easy, you know,-the attendants put them up to doing it, you know; I have heard the attendants putting them up to doing it, heard a number of them encouraging patients to injure other patients; I have heard that Morgan Thompson, and I have heard of half a dozen of them-Hadaway, Cliff Hadaway, try to make patients jump on other patients and make them worry other patients and antagonize them; on X hall, this Carter tried his best to get in the wire-guard while I was locked up, to get to me, and they wouldn't let him in there, and when I got out there, I was standing in the portico, looking out the window-they let me out there and I was standing in the portico,-they call it,-and this Carter came out there and says-by the way, he cursed me in the wire-guard room, and I probably said something back to him-he done a great deal more to me than I did to him, he had hit me while I was down on the floor-and he came and sa:ys "you cursed me the other day;" I says "l don't lmow, Carter, what passed between us, it's over with now and I don't know what passed~you hit me while I was clown, furthermore, you did a great deal more to me than I did to you, you hit me while I was down on the ground;'' and he jumped on me and we got clinched up, and I felt the bloodhe' caught me up there (indicating) and he got me over here (indicating about the temple), blood commenced to flowing pretty freely, he hit a little vein and it commenced bleeding very fast, and I didn't
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know what he had cut me with,-didn't know but what he had a knife or what he had,-and I asked an attendant "what has he got~" The attendant was -Frank Miller,-he's now on X ward, or was when I left in March; I says '' Mr: Miller, what has he got, he has got a knife or something;'' he says ''go to him and see what he has got;" well, I didn't know

what he had, didn't know hut what he had a knife,didn 't know what he had, so I got a broom-stick, and he says "you aint going to go to him with that broom-stick, you can take your hand,. but yon ai:rit

going to take that b;room-stick," he says, "if I wa.s

you I would go and search him;'' I says ''you are an

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attendant, it's not my place to go and search him;"

and he got a twenty penny nail,-a great long nail,

I don't know exactly what size nail it was,'but it was

very flat and it was a bad instrument,-he had been working on that for a week or two,'-'-it was sharp, and I believe some of the attendants knew that he.

had it; Frank Miller :Seen the whole business and made no effort to keep him from cutting- me, and I

believe he knew he had it- because every attendant got off the hall-Mr. Hubbard, who was head attendant, he left, and left nobody but Frank,~a

young boy,-he came up there and saw this,-standing right by there looking at it; I made complaint to the Physici"an in charge, Dr. Swint, about my cut.

I went to U ward from there; I was choked pretty bad there, and kept locked up nearly all the time, Mr. Hawkins was my attendant there, he's the one mentioned in that article, that broke Mr. Pool's nose, and is my witness,-he's the gentleman, Mr.

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Pool, that I want to get you all to summon,-he wasn't here before; he was the man that had his nose broken in the Asylum by a shoe; Hawkins is an attendant here now; if you will excuse me-that man Pool, his face shows it, 'his nose was smashed from one side, and it was done with a shoe in the wireguard room; there wasn't any investigation of it, not a bit in the world-and this man is a truthful man; I was not present when that happened, I'm telling you what he told me, I did see the effects of it, his nose is smashed from one side of the face to the other; he told me that they came in there and scrubbed up the room before morning, that it waS' a mass of blood, and that they told the doctors and .the doctors wouldn't look into the room; Alex Hawkins hit Pool; I have seen a young man named Hall, on U ward, mistreated-he carried a. black eye around there several days-beat up, I have seen men choking him and beating him, but I don't know as I seen that particular incident, where ~e got that black eye; Mr. Hall is in South Georgia, somewhere, he's a lumberman; the attendants that I saw abusing him were Will May and Taylor, assistant attendant down there.
I saw Tom Willis mistreated, I have seen Alex Hay and them choking him. I didn't have a fuss on every ward I went on, they done the fussing part of it; I am not in position to say whether the other patients .did as much fussing as I, I don't know about that at all, I couldn't say; maybe most of the fusses I had with attendants originated with fusses I had previously had with patients; the reason the

attendants always take the side of the other patients against me was simply because I had a little spirit and I would sit around and read my newspapers. and because I held up for the other patients and reported to the doctors; as to whether a man in this fix, who had more intelligence and more refinement than the other patients, would have gotten along with the attendants and the patients even. better than the other patients with those attendants, they .simply don't like a man that won't do like a negro, they are not built that way-yes, ask Brown, over on T ward,-that's another man; he had a plate in his head where he had been shot in Savannah, just ask him-you. sure ought to see him, how they treated. him, too; he had been shot in the head down in Savannah before he came here, and had a silver plate put in, and they lmocked that in so that it pressed down against his brain.
The reason I was moved so often, it was up to the doctors, it was simply, as I say, they started me
off wrong,-gave me a bad name at the start, yoll
know, you know how that is-they give you a bad name on one ward and it sticks to you wherever you go,-go from one ward to another and they know about you, and they have always got it in for youyes, they' started me off wrong, that way, and when I went to W ward they gave me a bad name and slung me into the wire-guard that clay when I wa~ suffering with the hemorrhoids; I am not in position to tell if they did transfer other patients as muclt as they did me; I was confined in the Institution fifteen months, and during those fifteen months I was
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on those wards that I enumerated. I was over here at this building- a little while, but it was just such a short time before I left I didn't think it was worth while to mention it; I didn't have any trouble over there.
In those various. wards we were worked, scrubbing-, and the patients also bathed the other patients, and scrubbed up the floors and the :filth; we were compelled to do it, and the force or threats used ag-ainst us to compel you to do it, choking- was all they would do, and beat you with a broom-stick-I have seen men's legs be black and blue from the hips down, from refusing to work, hit by the attendants; the attendants do mig-hty little of the work and scrubbing- of the floors and washing-. the patients.
As to how often Doctor Jones went around to see how the patients were treated or mistreated, I stayed over there :fifteen months, and I don't think I seen Doctor Jones over three times during- the whole :fifteen months that I was there, I never seen Doctor -Whitaker over there in that Twin Building in my life.
I got out on furloug-h through my father and mother-I wrote a letter there to them how I was being choked and treated; I g-ave that letter to a discharg-ed patient, I forgetwho it was,-that's the only way you can g-et any information out-they hide it, won't let you write home and make no kickthe attending- Physicians read all your letters before they go. In my reception of letters they were very rarely broken before I got them-but they do break
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them and read them-it just happened mine weren't

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broken. . I have seen attendants break a letter and

read them; I don't know the parties.

I didn't see Hawkins strike that. man Pool and

break his nose, Mr. Pool told me about it, and I

have seen his face; and his folks know that his nose

was all right when he ca~e here; I have heard these

attendants tease them, I have seen them, out in the

yards, encourage fights out there in the yard; and

they congregate on those halls and they play cards

and make the patients empty spittoons and get spit-

toons and wait on them-and some of them make

them do their washing; they have beat patients in

order to make them clean up that house; they didn't

be.at me: but I knew they would do it if _I didn't. do

it, or choke me-they had me bluffed; I have seen

that Fleury and Driver on U ward, ai).d Hawkins-

all three of them, beat patients up around there to

make them clean up, because they wouldn't work. .

They wouldn't give no reason, they say they are

running that thing, and we are liable to get jumped

on for monkeying with their business; most of them

that were beaten up didn't have enough sense to

complain-and some of them thought it would make

it much harder with them if they did complain, and

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they just went ahead and done the work or got beat

up if they didn't do it; I complained to the Doctor

every time, and the Doctor said it was just delusion,

and still retained those people that continued to

beat me; I showed him my wounds, told him who

did it That was Doctor Swint. Doctor .Jones

knew of it, though, I showed him my finger,-yes,

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on various occasions,-tried to get hjm to dp some-

thing about it, and he wouldn't do it-wouldn't do

anything at all. How I managed to get a transfer

from one ward to another, he just transferred me.

The attendants wouldn't allow you to resent any-

thing or say anything in any way, you weren't al-

lowed to dare to say anything at all-they wouldn't

stand for anybody sassing 'them at all, or make com-

plaint of it or anything of the kind, and that's the

reason they didn't like me; I have seen them jump

on weaker patients and I would take their part and

tell the Doctor, and that's the reason they didn't

like me; I have seen them jump on weaker patients;

and some of them told me "if you would just attend

to .your own business' '-and I have seen Lindsey

Goodson, up on V ward-oh, I stayed on V ward

awhile-J forgot to tell you about that. I didn't

have any fusses up there; but that's the ward that

. that Lindsey Goodson was on, and he had an old

man named Wallace-he may be dead-old fellow,

old enough for my grandfather, old man, bent over

-and I seen him make him wash his clothes and

jerk him around about it-I don't know as ever I

seen him slap his face, but jerked him around like

he was going to-handled him .Pretty rough, j:?st

because he said he didn't wash his clothes clean

enough for him; that was Goodson, assistant attend-

ant over there.

I am not particularly high-strung or easil)j irri- tated and liable to have a fuss; I have had one little
difficulty, I think, since I left this place. When I was notified to come before this Committee I was

248

down there in the jail in. Richmond County, I can tell you exactly what it was for. Father had a negro there on the place working for him, mid this negro was supposed to go down and feed, and my father wouldn't ke~p after him, so I told this negro to go clown and feed and me and him had some words about it-there was no threats made or nothing done,-but anyhow my mother got excited, and she's very high-strung, and she jumped on me and abused me out about it, and went to town and said she was going to have a warrant taken out for me and have me sent to the Asylum; I thought she ' would just ride over to my uncle-I have an uncle living in Augusta, and I thought she would just ride over to Augusta and go to uncle's and coolo:ff
-my mother has a violent temper, I must say, but
I thought she would just about go down and cool off and the thing would be over with and probably come back all right again; and I'went to Augusta,I thought I had better go away from the house, maybe mother will go down and have a warrant taken out for me; sure enough, I came back home, and father says, ''sure enough, she has gone down and had a warrant taken out for you,'' and I says "1 don't believe she has," and he says "yes, she has n -?TIY father is cool and collected,-and he says "she has had a warrant taken out and I believe she's going to have you took with the warrant and l1ave you carried back,'' and I says ''father, I would rather die, I would die right here rather than to go back," and I saw in the paper where the posse would come out there~I had no idea that they had
249

been out there. I didn't know until next morning, -that was the morning they came out,-I was at the house, I had been sick the night before, but I never knew a:bout it until next morning, that they had been out there looking for me, looking around in my room; and so I seen this gentleman coming a1;1d he will tell you it's so, that I just simply walked right out and told him I would rather die than come back to this Asylum, and I sat down there-I didn't barricade myself in the house-it's been said that I barricaded myself in the house,-if it had been my intention to kill anybody, I could just have barricaded myself in the house and cleaned up the posse -all there would have been to it; I didn't have any desire to hurt anybody, and I simply got out with the intention that I would rather die than come back to this place, and I told them gentlemen that I didn't want to hurt any of them,-ain't that what I told you, Mr. vVhipple,-or do you remember1 (Addressing the Deputy Sheriff in charge of witness.)
I made my escape then. Those people were trying to arrest me for mother's quick temper, she just had a writ of lunacy issued for me, I think they were acting under orders from the. Court of Ordinary with a writ of lunacy for me; well, I seen him edging up to me, and I says "I'm going to let him know there's something in this glm,'' and I shot low and held the gun low-I thought he was out of range and I just pulled down to let him know the gun was loaded, and I told him coming up on the train that I didn't know that I hit him-you know a gun loaded with bird-shot, if it hits him he's mighty apt to jerk
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up his. leg----:-and that's the charge I was charged with; as to how long I was in .Atlanta. before I had another difficulty, well, this gentleman's (referring to the reporter) partner, Mr. Teitlebaum's partner, Mr. Massey,-Lstayed in .Atlanta after my mother taken out that writ of lunacy for me to send me back, and I never did see him in my life until I went up there and asked him for a job____..:._and by the way, I can show you gentlemen, here's letters that I showed theni for reference,___,'he asked me what I could do, and I showed him my references and he said that's the very kind of man he wanted,-that I was just the man that he wanted-he told me to come back and work for him Wednesday, which I did, doing some legal work, and so I went back up there, and he Colildn 't get to me, kept me waiting until eleven o'clock, and I worked Monday-no, Wednesday, Thl1rsday, Friday and Saturday, up until noon on Saturday, and I asked him what he was going- to pay me, I had worked up there three days and a half, and two nights, a~d he says "I think about $5.00," he says; he sayS' "your work has been awful, it's l1nsatisfactory," and I told him, "you know, Mr. Massey, I told you that legal work was new to me," -this was legal work, you know, and I told him that, I says, "Mr. Massey, I told you that .legal work was new to me.'' The thing was legal work, and I was taking dictation from the graphophone, and I hadn't told him what I could do, just showed .him the letters, and he says "you are the very man I am needing,'' so ~ worked for him until Saturday, and he gave me a check for $7.00-:first offered me
251

a check for $5.00, and I told him the predicament I was in-had worked four days and two nights, "don't you think it's worth more than that," and I had been addressing some cards for DavisonFaxon-Stokes, and some filing cards, about ten or twelve names to each card and taking them from the telephone book and putting them on these cards; so he says, "how many was there," and I counted them and there was 700 cards, and I told him there was 700 of them; well, he says, "where's all those cards~'' I says ''they are all there, sir, I was sitting right down to the machine, they couldn't have went anywhere"-! was sitting at the machine there, they were all done at the machine; well, he says "you know dog-goned well there's no 700 cards there,'' and I says ''all the cards are there, Mr. Massey," I didn't think at that time about that many cards, of course a man couldn't write 700 cards in a week on the typewriter hardly, unless he was pretty rapid,-and I says ''the cards are all there, Mr. Massey, and about half of them had already been wrote by the office boy before I got them and he wrote them with a blue ribbon and they were smeared and he- looked at them and says ''they are a damned mess, every one of them, I can't use these cards, get every one of them cards, get all the rest of them cards," and I says "no, there ain't 700 cards, Mr. Massey, but 700 names;" he says ''they are a mess,'' and he says ''come back tonight and work these over," he says "you got to come back tonight and tomorrow and write them over,'' and I says ''all right, sir, but I have got to
252

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get my laundry, though, on Saturday night, you

know, and I have gpt to get shaved and some little
things-Saturd~y night, you know.'' vVell, he say's

"you come back here at the usual time, if you don't,

I'm going to have that check held up;" I says "all-

right, Mr. Massey, it's up to you, it's up to you to

do right or wrong, .j't1st do as you please; 1' he says

"the work is a damned mess anyhow, and you repre-

sented yourself"-oh yes, he had- been cussing at

me aU the week-I knew just what he was after, he

didn't want to pay me-he just.simply says, "I'm

going to hold that check up .on you;" I says all right,

sir, it's not right though,'' and he reached over,~

I had stepped back-he's a big, powerful, muscular

fellow, and he simply got me down on the floor and

got out his knife and I grabbed his knife hand and

caught up a paper punch and stuck him a few times

-didn't go very deep-and I left them; and after

I left, I called him up, you know, thought he would

\ act sorter nice, and asked about my clothes, was he going to pay me nothing for my week's work nor

my clothes, and he wouldn't pay me nothing at all-

he didn't pay me for my work and he ruined my

clothes when he had me down on the floor there,

and I thought he might act sorter nice about it and

pay me for them, and he wouldn't do it, and he did-

n't pay me for either my week's work nor my

clothes; and my lawyer-yes, he had a warrant

taken out for me then and my lawyer was going to

try the case next day, and my lawyer had an affida-

vit from a lady stating that he had beat her out of

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a -week's wages, and Hendrix,-that's my lawyer,----:

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he holds that affidavit; if it has been reported that he was sitting at his desk writing or something, and didn't know anything about it, didn't know I was going to attack him, not a word of it is true. He had me on the floor and had his knife out, and I got it away from him and got that paper cutter out and stabbed him, he cut me on my shoulder here, I can show it to you-the scar's there now,-about that long (indicating about an inch or two).
I went out from the Institution on a furlough-here's a letter from some folks that I worked for in Atlanta since the posse came after me, and here's a letter from vVard & .Company, showing that a man must have been very sane,-a man must not have been very crazy to hold that job,-it was city salesman of a produce business-I held the same job before; I was in Atlanta something like a month, the last time; during that time I had only those two positions; I was going under my own name all the time, I thought if I was arrested maybe I would be brought back and get something like a trial; my mother does not still want me held under that writ of lunacy and \>rought hack here, she told me that it was just in the heat of passion, and that she would rather have her right arm taken off than to do it; I haven't been tried before, just delay of the law, I reckon; as to. whether I am being held under the lunacy writ or under that charge of shooting, I don't lmow what they have done about it, but they have put the trial off so long until I think my lawyer has made the State swear o.ut a writ of lunacy-they want to claim that
254

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I am not allowed to be ouf at large-shouldn't be at

.

large. Mr. Whipple is the man that swore the writ

of lunacy out.

Mr. Whipple : No, I didn't do it, the bailiff to the Solicito..r-General did it, I didn't have anything to do with it at all, he's mistaken about that.

I don't admit that I shot at anybody, I. shot to let

him know the gun was- loaded-he'was walking up

to the house and I shot low and I thought he was out

of range, but he said it hit him; he says he found

some under his garter there, though,-I know they

didn't hurt him much. I didn't have trouble on

every ward here, it wasn't that I had any trouble

with them, but they had it with me, that's the whole

business, the whole thing. As to what other mal-

treatment I received here other than I have related,

I told you about them nearly drowning me in the

bath tub when I was so sicH And Mr. Lawson, a

man that used to work at the Central Railroad ill

Augusta-they know him in 'Augusta well-Con-

ductor Jeff Thomas on the Central knows him, he

got his leg broken. I didn't see it, but Jeff Thomas

told me his legs was all right when he came to the

Asylum and his legs were broicen here-he testified

on this other.hearing, I have got a list of the names

that testified in the other hearing; Mr. Lawson is

in the Asylum now; Lingo had his leg broken here

too, assistant attendant did that-Lingo was thrown

down on the :floor and they sa;i.d his leg was broke

accidentallY:--that this fellow done it in fun; he ~old

me it was either the assistant or the attendant

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255

jumped on bini and broke his leg~I don't know how

it happened, I don't know the names of those people

who broke it, I think it was Gilman though; I think

he could give you: the names. He was on 0 ward

when I left here. I don't know what his given name

1s, he is from Augusta.



In regard to the diet, it was not good, average

wholesome diet, and it was all the same all the time,

the vegetables weren't half cooked and you didn't

get but just a bite of them; I didn't receive a good

meal while I was here; one time they had eggs-

about half the building-one morning some visitors

came and they had eggs, and about half of that Twin

Building over there had eggs; the biscuits was good

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at times, and air times it wasn't; the bakers' bread was good, the meat wasn't good, we generally used

this old regular sow belly-;and the Western meat,

it was tough, just like old horse meat anc1 not half

coolq~dJ it was just boiled a little bit; they fry meat

for the attendants, though, give them plenty of meat

and butter and everything else-nice; the attend-

ants don't eat with the patients, they have separate

tables in the same dining room, and they have nice

meat and hash and everything else nice ; if you go

around that attendant's table and ask for anything

they snatch you up quick as lightening, and if you

said anything they would choke you. As to how

that bill ?f fare compares with what w~ had, (ex-

hibiting a printed bill of fare.)

vVe got the -grits, and the hot biscuits-we got the biscuits bl-it they were CE)ld, time they got there

256

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they were cold, they might have been just the least bit warm; crackers,-we never had any crackers, _the attendants got them, I suppose; bacon-we never had any; steak; the attendants had-we never had it, the attendants had steak; batter cakes, the attendants had-we never did have any, but the attendants had nice batter cakes, hot and nice; 'syrup for breakfast,-we didn't get that, and the coffee, it was about half .water. For dinner, sometimes they have .a little beef or. bacon; vegetables in season,-they had vegetables in the vegetable season if they happened to have them down on the farm, and if you didn't have this other stuff you might get Home vege~ables, but it ain't half cooked though; I never drank coffee myself, but I heard them say there was once a day that they got sugar; these rolls and biscuit were cold, and I have seen cockroaches as big as your :finger and as long as your :fing_er in that grits and hash; the patients don't get the tobacco that's coining to them; they get part of it, if the patient has got sense enough to ask fo:r; it and keeps kicking for it, he might get part of what's coming to him; for about three days in the week they got a little strip of tobacco and then they claim that their tobacco has given out and won't give them any more; I don't know exactly how much they are entitled to, but they say they are entitled to more than that, I have seen them give a good big piece where they are .working them they get a good big
I
piece, them that work and- do these things for the -attendants, I have seen them get a good big piece of tobacco, the attendants keep the tobacco until they
257

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get a good bit of it together and then they go and sell it, I suppose, I haven't seen them sell it; but I have seen the tobacco in drawers of their dressers, thou_?;h; I suppose they sell it; or use it for themselves,-chew it themselves; you know.

In .my. former testimony I stated that the, pa-

tients were made to wash the clothes of some of the

negroes; oyer in the kitchen I have heard them call

crazy patients,_.say "here, come here, old girl and

wash my clothes, "-they call them "old girl" or

"old lady"-nicknames, you know-they have got

nicknames for them over there. I don't know

whether you would call it make them go or not,-

bi:tt they. done it because they were afraid not to do

it; that would be negro.men talking to white men-

just called him "old girl"-just a nickname, you

l~now,~' 'come here and wash my shirt.''



.Tom 'Ray was a choker too__:_like to choked me
to death once, when I moved from 0 ward; I said
T never got any mistreatment down there-Tom Ray choked me, but that wasn't according to Mr. Ross' instructions, though,___~h~ just taken me and choked me, but that wasn't according to Ross' instructions; I lrnew them to take a man _by the name of Spike and lock him up because he escaped-and beat him;. I know he came back there and I lrnow he waslocked up a 1ong time. As to where I was when l"wrote this' article in reference to the State Sani- tarium, well, I gathered- some data here and made
notes, made some .notes here and then wrote it up whm I went home. I done it myself. About this

258

man Spike, I didn't see him beat up myself, all I know about it is what he told me, I know he was locked up and stayed locked up a long time. What prompted me to write that article about the State Sanitarium, I just felt for the poor, unfortunate people that have to come here and live and die here I didn't believe that I would ever have to come here- I don't intend to come back here if there is anY. possible chance to avoid it, and I know that I am entitled to eighteen jurymen, and I know I wasn't insane when I came here, but I done it for the mat: ter of the f'act that there are people that live and die here, and they aint :fit to attend. to those poor unfortunates, and I know how I have been treated--:! would have been treated worse if I hacln 't had a fathe:r and mother on the outside, that kept them a
little bluffed, the. only re,ason they clidn 't break my
arms or legs-my mother wrote to Doctor Jones in September, and says ''Doctor, I hear my boy is being mistreated, please see that he is treated kindly," I believe it was in September, it was in the fal1, anyway; and mother wrote him and told him that George Bell wrote her and told her that I was being mistreated, and Doctor Jones wrote to her and stated "I will see that he will be kindly treated," and in less than two months after that was the time I got my :finger broke.
. I was sent here after a long fast-fifty-one clays I didn't eat or drink anything; I had had a bad case of nervous indigestion and I was told. to fast to starve out that indigestion; during :fifty-one clays I drank water, but no nourishment at all; there was
259

a doCtor at home that said to fast to cure indigestion, and he had cured himself and so I done it on his advice~I would have done anything to get well.
I did drink whiskey; excessively at times; I never used dopes, I was always afraid to tackle it; I can't imagine why I haven't used it, just God, I reckon, has kept me from using it; I haven't drank any whiskey since I got out of here; I think that Dr._ Jones and the other Doctors knew of these cruelties and are backing them up; they really know of it, and make no effort to suppress it at all; now, the reasons for that I can't give, only that they run it their own way-Dr. Swint has told me ''we are run, ning this thing, and"-and Dr. Jones, besides; Dr. Jones and Swint both of them have told me, "we are running this thing, and we are running it to suit oursel~es, and it has been r1m to suit ourselves and it is going to be run to suit ourselves from now on," and'I just says "yes sir."
I know of immoral OI' improper conduct on the part of the males or females in the Institution here; over there, the night watchman helped those females to get away and kept them down in the basement for a week for immoral purposes; I don't know about that; only I saw Frank Miller, this attendant, going to the trial, getting ready to go to the trial every day and I asked him-I asked them "what's the matter1" and they told me that's the trouble; they helped them to escape from this Convalescent Building, they taken some clippers and clipped them wires there over the windows and helped these
269

women to escape, and then kept thein in the basement for a week or maybe little longer, for immoral purposes.

I don't know of their killing anybody; only from reports that I heard; I didn't see it myself.

They carried these women over to this Male Convalescent Building, or this Center Building, over there, I think it was, and they kept them in the base:rp.ent for immoral purposes several days, and they escaped or got out of there some way or ot~er, and they io1md them in Milledgeville very weak and in a precarious condition-in a bad :fix and they were walking -straddle-legged-couldn't hardly walk; that's what the attendant told me-I have never seen it myself.

I have seen male. attendants pass through the

female department on Christmas; that's the only

I

time. That time I spoke of, when they came near

I

'

drow:ping me in the bath tub there, they just tied my

hands together, and my legs, and a man got hold of

my head and one a-hold ofmy body, and something

like you baptize a man, and put my head under there

- and left it until I couldn.'t breathe any more, and

then they would get my head up and as fast as, I

would get resuscitated, get my breath, he would

shove me down there again; they had my head under
the water; mid I would swallow .a whole lot of it, too,

and they just kept that up until I was nearly

drowned; on that occasion Brake, the attendant,

told me if I reported it -he would kill me next time.
I did testify awhile ago that that was wm May.:_

261

. I
i

that he came in the hall with a crowd of attendants and did me that way, but that was another hall; they tied my hands and feet together on that occasion, too. As to whether my being kinder highstrung and not yielding to them, made it kinder worse for me; no, it wasn't a question of yielding at all-I was suffering that night with the hemorrhoids, and I was suffering awful bad and groaning, I suppose-the Lord, that night, would have been the unly person that could have stopped that-.-:of course, I was m~king a little fuss groaning.
Those Physicians do not come around and make a personal inspection and investigation of the patients and see what they need along the line of medicine and so on; they came around every day, but it would be just a casual glance only-very often they would just come to the door and ask how everything is and not look in at all; they didn't come in the dining room while they were eating, to see that the patients got the proper nourishment; they just looked in-that's his route from the kitchen, you know, he's got to come that way to go on through. The old patients who can't get about as well as the younger ones-they get the proper amount of food if some of the patients happen to catch thein and help them; the attendants sometimes see that they get the proper food, and sometimes they don't-it's just according to how it happens to be.
I have seen one or two Legislative Committees come through there, and they always came through
2G2

in a rush-Doctor just rushed them through, don't give them time to ask a patient nothing; we were not notified previously whether or not they were coming, but We all knew it, though, they locked up them mops-they have mops, you know, these big heavy shuck mops that they scrub them floors with-they just scrub them dry, you know-push these big shuck mops up and down over the floor, time and time and time again-and they lock them up tight and put a cross bar over the door of the room that they put them in, and when you come around and go through, why you never see nothing--never see nothing of them at all; they put those mops in a room and put a cross bar over the door-just hide them completely -:you never see them at all; the floors show they have some rriops; why. that's all I ever done; my principal occupation was mopping-not fightingthey done the fighting; the halls are cleaner during these investigations than they are when t]Je Committees are not coming; they make a special effort to clean up; they give us better food while the Committees are here; and you notice there ~in't any choking going on-no choking going on when the Doctors are around-they know just as well when the Doctors hit that building as anything in the world; the patients try to keep it from the Doctors, but they know it though, you know, of course, they don't know it by what the attendants do, but the patients tell the doctors how it is and they knownow, I'll tell you, circumstantial evidence goes a little ways-I have seen that fellow Harris beat up a fellow, and another fellow, I can't think of his
263

name-his legs were black and blue where they

jumped on him, and he showed that to Dr. Swint-

a man comes here non compos1 he's n_ot supposed to be beat up-the man showed him his legs, all black

and blue, and he asked him who done that, and he

told him an attendant, 'and Dr. Swint just says

"evidently somebody's had hold of him." Dr. Yar-

brough was ove1 at the Convalescent, over there,

when I was there; he is not more particular about

his treatment than Dr. Swint; Dr. Swint had more

feeling for his patients than Dr. Yarbrough; they

are not all pretty much the same thing, I found :Qr.

Swint better than any of the rest of them, only he

, didn't investigate those things when they were re-

ported to him; I believe D1:. Swint has got a tender

heart, and I believe Dr. Jones-he can't do nothing

on account of him-it's against their policy or

against their regime of nmning things; Dr. Jones

rides a~ound and walks around for his health;

answers letters, such as that; Dr. Whitaker attends

to the ladies over there-I don't know much about

Dr.

Whit.aker;

I

met

with

some

good attendants ~

in

-

the Asylum; I stated to a young man the~e today-

I just told Mr. Whittle about it-I never seen him

mistreat anybody, he might have done it and I not

see him, but I never seen him mistreat anybody

while I was here, and he was down on my hall when' I
I was down on 0 ward-he never hurt me; one at-

tendant never reports anything to the Doctor about

what another:. attendant did; they stick to each other.

I have seen this Fleury man, I have seen him hit a patient-Harris-down there with a bunch of

264

keys, he had a plate in his head where: he had been

shot down in Savannah, and he hit him. with that

bunch of keys right on that plate and knocked it i:ri

his head and it rested on his brain and gave him

lots of trouble, and I reported that to the Doctor and

that's the reason they would throw it into me about'

i~just because I reported that on him; that patient'



was here when I left here; his name is I-Iar:ds-I

don't remember what his first name was; I didn't

have time to go out in the country and get my

papers, you k:tiow, just rushed me off in such a hurry

that I didn't have time to go out and get my papers,

to get that information, or I wouldhave, brought it

all up here witl1 me.

M. G. WHITTLE, Sworn, testified as follows:

I heard a writ of lunacy was sworn out on the

8th for Mr. Dunnington, and legal notice given, or

rather notice given his brother and they consented

to it; as to tha't shooting; the first morning he was

locked up in the room, and I gave way to his father-

his father promised us if I wouldn't make any effort

to get him that morning by breaking down the door-

you know, we hoped to get over and ease in, you

know-we had been warned that he would barricade

.

.

I

himself-rather that he had a shotgun and had

plenty of ammunition, and we fell down by his

having procured a morning paper, and unfortunately

the- Chronicle had some account of it prematurely.::_ ..

265

I
~~l
II

-that a writ had been sworn out and we were going

up _before day-light and get him, and his father

brought that in; but his father had promised that if

we clidn 't make any effort to get him by breaking

clown the door, that he would 'bring him to town to

us, and we couldn't get him to come. to town as per



agreement, and then I went out about eleven o'clock, and he met me-in fact, I had to go down from the

public road under cover of sorrie pear trees, and I

saw hirri sitting over on the porch from the road,

and M soon as I was where he could see me, there

he was with his gun levelled, hollering to stop; well,

I advanced on him until I was about fifty yards of

him-he would take clown his g-qn and talk a few

minutes, you know, and I would keep walking on1 and he would level it a~ain and I would stop and we

would talk a while and me still advancing, and I

kept that up until I got to about :fiftr yards from

him, and he just got in a complete rage, and I saw he

coulcln 't stop if he went to shoot, and I stood there

and reasoned with him; :first, I told him who I was

and he told me who he was, and I tried to tell-him if

he wasn't crazy he was certainly injuring his case,

and offered to let him examine any amount of wit-

nesses or people that he wanted to, and he said, yes,

the other son of a bitch told him that too-that's

when he was arrested previously, .you know~ancl

then I tried to divert his mind from the subject, and

laugh it off with him, and I even ate some pears with

him that had fallen from the trees, but there was

nothing doing; later the Sheriff came up and we

made an effort to get to the house in the afternoon,

- 266

later, and he completely barricaded himself, didn't come out at all- he locked all the doors and windows and opened all the inside doors and had his house-well, just like a monkey in a cage, you know; I could see him through the side lights, in the hallway, he was just like a monkey in a cage, and two 6f my men on the right-I mean under cover of the fence, got pretty near the house, and I took it for granted that they had seen a chance to make a rush for the house, and I stepped out to kinder get the corner of the house as near as possible, and he cracked down on me, one shot struck . right there, at the shin, and the other struck right there (indicating the upper part of the leg). I didn't see his glm, he shot through the blinds, in the house; I judge I was about sixty-five or seventy yards from him; he had number 4 shots; I think his gun must have been badly loaded, I II)ean the shells must have been badly loaded; the people there had all been put on notice about him, and it was a pretty hard matter for him to procure ammunition; it was along in August, as well as I remember, that he shot at me; I had a writ of hmacy for him; there was another writ of lunacy sworn out for him on the 8th; this writ that we a-ttempted to arrest him on was subsequentloy dismissed by the Ordinary; the bailiff to the Solicitor-General, at the solicitation of his counsel, swore out the writ on the 8th of this month; his oldest brother swore out the other writ; his family is as afraid of him as if he was a roaring lion; his character .down there in that community has been splendid up until that time that he was tell~
267
, ,,
, !
'
I
I'

-~-r-:-:.:-..,.,..:'w.:r.~~/-rf_~~~

-~- ~~..-,:_~q'F/~~~--f.~~ "''~""-~.,.:- ~.-..., ..... ~.. ""7"'f.:'"' ~~--~--- --,
~

,. -- -"'<:;.""-f''r~;'""'~~~...-~~~1"~~~

ing about that he fasted so long; from what I can

Jearn, he was always high-strung, but since that time

he has. just been in one thing and another all the

l

time; since he was in jail, the jailer treated him so courteolisly when he went up to Atlanta after him,

t

he was all smiles with the.jailer, and then he wanted

to fram the jailer out, and then he wante'd to make

apologies; he gives the jailers in Augusta trouble;

they have to handle him with kid gloves, and give

him all the treatment they can; sometimes he will do

all right and then again he won't; at times he claims

to outsiders that the p'eople there mistreat him, and

at times he doesn't; why he told me this morni:.pg

coming over here, that he was very much pleased

-with Jailer Plunkett, in fact, he would very much

rather Plunkett came ~ith him instead of myself.

SAMUEL SIMPSON, Sworn, testified as follows:

I am Supervisor of the White1\1ale Department; I have just. recently been appointed, about three months ago, to the Head Supe1:visor's place; prior to that time I was Assistant Supervis9r, between fourteenand :fifteen years.

M;Y duties is every morning to unlock the Super-

visor's office, see that the attendants all come in,

that's off at night, in proper time; if any of them

want to get off for a day or a half day, I write per-

...

mits for them to be off, and then my next duty is to

268

,,. ,

go' around on the wards and see that the attendants are in their proper places, performing their p1:oper . duties that's required of them; I don't make but one genenil round during the clay; you see some of the buildings are half mile apart and it takes a good deal of time to go from one building to another; the nurses are under my charge and supervision; once in a while they report to me mis-conduct on the part of attendants; the treatment of the patients, to my certain knowledge, have been gradually increasing or getting better; this year I haven't seen any actual treatment that you could call violent inflicted by any attendant to a patient; there's complaint every once in a while about some of the attendants by some of the patients, every once in a while some patient will complain about the:i:n, they will do that, can't be helped, you know; when that complaint is made by a patient I always investigate it, that's my duty to do that, and I always do it; I generally find from that investigation there's not always any positive truth in it; my duty is to look into it as best I can, and report it to the Physician in charge, if' l find there is any truth in it; if a patient makes a repoit, the customary rule is, if there is any witnesses, try to get them witnesses, take them up and talk to them and ask them if they saw this attendant strike ot choke or anything else-whatever the re:.. port is, and if I find it is true, why I tell the Doctor what they say. I know Cleve Hadaway, he is still employed here as an attendant; I didn't see any difficulty between him and Dunnington; Dunning~ ton was under my charge at that time; Dunnington
269

made complaint to me about Hadaway's treatment of him; I investigated it, inquired of the witnesses that saw it; well, I couldn't call it a difficulty, because there was no difficulty on the attendant's part at all; he didn't say anything to me about their breaking his :finger, but he said that they had tried to drown him, though; he made complaint to me about Finery's and :Morgan Thompson's treatment of him. I investigatted it and I didn't :find where they had any difficulty on their part-it was on his part, the difficulty was; he told me that they tried to drown him; and about choking him, I investigated that, and didn't :find anything in it, because I didn't :find anybody that said it was so; I don't think Mr. Thompson was reported to me at all; Fluery and Hadaway said it wasn't so, that they never harmed him at all; it was reported to Dr. Swint; he investigated it, and found there was no evidence to show that it was so, and for that reason they were not discharged; they don't discharge them unless there is positive evidence to show that they have mistreated them; Dunnington's general character is that he was a very disagreeable patient, and that he couldn't _get along with the patients nor the attendants either, and would often be in difficulties and :fights with other patients; I couldn't say positively, but he was moved probably some eight or ten times to different wards.
I see the meals, some days three times a day; as to the quantity and the quality of the food given the patient, I think it is good, as a rule, and plentiful~! don't think so, because when I see a thing I
270

know it; I have not seen any cases of maltreatments

by the attendants, where the attendant was still re-

tained in the employment of the Institution; where

there was positive evidence. of it; as to Dunnington's

statement that patients were made to clean up, and

that they were choked and beat if they didn't do it,

I'm here to say that I've been here along time,

and I haven't ever seen anything like that at all;

that is p.ot the truth; they are not required or forced

to do any work, they ask them to help them, and if

they are a mind to help them, why that's all they can

do, and If they don't help them, the attendant goes

and does :it himself; when they are once caught

forcing the patients to work, he is given a talk about

it, and if it's a severe case, he is :fined, and if he does

it again he's discharged for it.

'

I get to the office some mornings half an .hour

before sun-up, and some mornings it's sun-up whe:n
I

-r

I get there, and I stay here every other night until

nine o'clock, until the night watches come on duty;

Mr. Hemphill, my assistant, stays here every other

night until nine o'clock, too.

I must say, for the last three years, as a general rule, the attendants ~re good and kind towards the patients-ninety-nine per cent. of them are; previous to that time wages was low, and the :bo.ctors had to hire almost anybody, but out of the crowd we got a lot of them that weren't much account, and unfortunately, a great many , of .. them that drank whiskey, but of that class most of them are gone---" some of them quit and a lot of them have-been dis-

~271

eharged. If there is a male attendant in our department today that drinks whiskey any more than a dram, I am not aware of it; I don't see them under the influence of it at all, and I have a mighty good opportunity to :find it out if they- did; that's been the greatest trouble amongst the attendants, while I was Assistant Supervisor, the drinking amongst the attendants. It is a fact that you sometimes have to use force to overcome a man; a man like Dunnington, for instance-he would get to :fighting with a patient, or an attendant, either, for that matter, -and they are obliged to use force to carry him to the ward or to a l:oom where they could lock him i:n,to the room to himself to keep- him from hurting other people; but there was no other force used .than necessary to accomplish the object; as to Dunning. ton's statement that the patients were often required to wash the clothes of t~e colored laborers, it is not true to my knowledge, and if it was true I certainly would have heard something of it; I never have heard anything of that kind at all; white patients are not even permitted to wash the clothes of the colored patients; I go through the wards every day and Mr. Hemphill goes through the wards every d~y, and if such a thing existed, we would be obliged to :find it out-somebody would say something about it-that covldn 't be possible; it is my duty to see to it that these attendants treat these people right i I try to see that the attendants are in their proper places and treating the patient right; it is the attendants' duty to make the beds upl see that the floors are kept clean as well as whitewashed and
272-
. I

t.

look after the clothing and bathing and everything of that sort; and it is my duty to see that they do itto see that the buildings are kept cleaned up and kept up all right; whether I P,erform that duty right or not, of course, it is for Dr. Jones and his assistants to say.

Mr. Hemphill is my assistant, we just have one

Supervisor and tendants with a

assistant. . copy of 'the

'We rule

offurtnhieshInsthtietsuetioant-;

we require them to have a copy of the rules and try

to learn them sufficiently to go by them as much as

possible; the inmates are not made conversant with

what the rules require the attendants to do. There

is no difference in the cleanliness and the fare of the

patients during the time that the Legislative Com-.

mittees are here-making this investigation, for

instance, and when they are not; we clean up here

seven days in the week.

I was in charge of the building in which Mr. Dunnington was confined the entire time in which he was confined in the Institution. Sometimes I saw him :five or six times a day, and I saw him every day-sometimes more than others; I never saw any evidences on his person of any violence___:.that .is, any bruises that would indicate _that he had been beaten or choked or thrown down-anything of that sort; I made examination of his person after he made such complaint, and there was nothing to indicate that he had been choked or handled roughly; he made complaint to me that he was thrown in one of those rooms where they confine the patients,

273

with such force that his arms were skinned; I ex-

amined him and didn't find anything to indicate that

it ~as true; no bruise or skinned place; I don't

think it possible for an attendant or attendants to

have jumped on Mr. Dunnington _and choked him

into insensibility and thrown hl.m in one of those

rooms and kept him there in an insensible condition

for some length of time without my discovering it;

they couldn't possibly have done it, I don't think,

and besides, I don't think we have got an attendant

who would do such a thing as that; he never made

. '

such a charge as that to nie; he never made a charge

to me that he was tied and put in a bath tub and

kept under the water until he was almost insensible,

and I never heard of it.amongst the attendants or

.< .....

patients here; I have never known any of the

s .;:~.:~.~-:.-~ ~~~ ~~:;

patients to be ducked in the bath tub or the hose

. turned on them. I have known of a patient by the

name of Pool, that was here once, from Hiram,

Georgia; he never, to my knowledge, had his nose

broken while he was an inmate at this Institution;

I made an investigation once, where he ?it one of

the attendants, I think, with .a shoe-I am not

positive, thoiigh, about that; at that tinie there was

no bruises on Mr. Pool's person-on his face-his

nose wasn't broke_n that I 'Imow of, I never saw any

signs of it b.eing broken; I never saw any blood

around the room that he was in,. indicating that there

had been some mistreatment of him by someone; I

have heard that he said his nose was broken here,

but there was nothing of it that I ever knowed per-

scmally of its being true. I have known of a patient

274

t;
I

named Lingo getting his .leg broken at the Institu-

tion; I investigated it and we found that he was

tripped up by an attendant; they were coming up

out of. the yard and someone got his hat and went

off with it, and he was running after them to get his

hat, and this attendant just threw his foot. out and

I

tripped him, is my recollection of it; he said he was

I

just playi:pg with him; I don't know whether he

I

was or not, but .the attendant was discharged at

once.;. the attendant when he was brought up for it

claimed it was an accident, is my recollection-he

didn't go to trip him, but the evid<'lnce showed pretty

strongly that he done it purposely..

No death has occurred in the Institution since

I have been connected with it that could be attrib-

utable to violence on the part of the attendants or

nurses on their patients to my knowledge; I don't

remember exactly of the occurrence, but when we

were in the Green Building, ten or twelve years ago,

there was one of the patients that hit another one,

up there, that died shortly afterwards, I don't know

how long afterwards, but probably twenty-four

! '
. I

hours. In the White Male Department in the last

two or three years, no violent deaths have occurred

I

like that, that I know of; I don't know anything

j_

.about the other departments. I have not 1:111der my

Supervision any attend~nt or employee who has

been guilty to my knowledge of any acts,of violence

or misconduct towards a patient; while I was

Assistant Supervisor, I don't know how many cas~s
in all, but the last case that .I remember, was an at-

tendant tripping the patient up by throwing his foot

275

~ :...; .
..'. out and knocking his feet from under him; it didn't hurt the patient, but the attendant was discharged the next day; the Doctor won't keep them whenever they commit any act of violence-hit them or choke them or anything of that sort-the Doctor discharges them if the evidence is sufficient that they are guilty. As to how often Dr.Jones makes a personal inspection as to the treatment of the patients under him, the best that I can recollect, about once a week, now, I don't know how often he goes to the Convalescent, but over at the Twin Building, once a week or oftener; you see I am on my ward and he could- go through the whole bt1ilding probably, and I not know it; I make a written report to Dr. Jones every clay, and make such recommendations. as I think ought to be made.
Alex Hawkins is in the employment of the Institution now; my recollection, Mr. Hawkins reported the matter to me about Mr. Pool, I am not positive, but I think Mr. Pool hit him with a shoe; Hawkins was the attendant, that's my recollection about itit has been a good many years ago-it's when they were down in the Detached Building where there is now colored females; I don't know whether Hawkins hit him back or not; because I wasn't there, and I co{1ldn 't say about that at all; I don't think that he did though-he couldn't afford to hit him back, because he was a patient-there was no evidence of it; I remember seeing Mr. Pool afterwards; I saw him the next morning, and there wasn't any signs of his nose being broken, or bruised, or anything else of the kind; I didn't examine his nose, there was noth-
276

ing said about it at all; he made no complaint that his nose had been injured, not to me ..
I have been here about twenty-three years, I think it is; I have pre.tty near give my life service here-the best part of it; I know of no neglect on the part of the officers of this Institution or of the nttendants towards these patients; they don't neglect them; there is no effort to my knowledge on the part of Dr. Jones or any other parties at the head of this Institution to suppress any information that would be detrimental to them or to this Institution, on the part of those that they employ here; they have never suggested or intimated to me not to tell certain i:hings; Dr. Jones ain't that kind of man; I have known him a good while, and I know he ain't that kind of a gentleman. As to whether there is anything I could suggest to this Committee-any improvements that could or should be made in the Sanitarium generally, or in my department of it, as to the treatment of patients, to better their conclition, if you will excuse me, I believe that would be more proper to come from the Superintendent and Physicians in charge; I am willing to give you all the information I can, that will help you all any, of course, I am not a Doctor, I might suggest one thing
and it might be the wrong thing for them.
I eat right there in the dining room with about 450 patients, and they have a published bill of fare; the attendants do not take the best of the food and give the patients the refuse; the man in the dining room fixes it all up for them; the attendants have
277

the sarrie that the patients do; they are not made a favored class in the food matter; I do not eat at the table with the attendants, I have a separate table from the attendants and inmates both; six, I think, eat at my table; one of themis the man that looks after the dining room, Mr. Bloodworth, and one of them is the medicine carrier, the other one is Mr. Hemphill, my assistant, and one of them is the yard watch, Mr. Bob Humphreys; there is also a white patient that eats there, that helps at that table, by the name of Mr. Whittle; the Sanitarium furnishes the food for my table and also for the attendants' table, and of course, the food for the patients'
tables i if there is anything additional on my table
to what is on the attendants' table we buy it ourselves; they cook it out in the kitchen, the food for the whole business; nothing is put on the attendants' table that is :riot put on the patients' table; it is all alike. We sometimes buy oysters, fish, chickens or eggs-anything like that.
There is a printed bill of fare-Monday the bill of fare is (reading from the printed bill of fare) Grits-that is, for breakfast-grits, hot buiscuits, crackers, bacon, steak,. batter cakes, syrup, .coffee. They have the batter cakes-that don't mean for every one, that's for the sick, them that's :sick and feeble; the hot buiseuits-they are hot when they bring them in, but when the meal is served, by the time it is served they begin to get cold a little, but they are hot when-they bring them in for the meal; they have the batter cakes for the feeble ones and those that need them; those that want it have syrup,
278

very few of them want it for breakfast-all of them have it for supper; not all of them have batter cakes, that's for the sick and feeble, and they have the steak, the Doctor gives requisitions for the steak-broiled steak, for certain ones; that don't go to the general mass of them; the bacon is fri~d down in the kitchen and brought up in pans and divided around; not all of them get that; I couldn't say whether the attendants had it all the time, because I hardly ever pay much attention to the attendants' table; I generally look on the patients' to see if they have got plenty to eat; all of the hardy, stout patients have grits and beef hash and biscuits and a roll and coffee for breakfast; the invalid class have eggs, as far as they can get them, batter cakes and what we call corn muffins; some of them that's feeble and weak, they have beef steak-sometimes ham; the Doctors is generally the ones that gives directions how these meals are to be served-Dr. Swint, Dr. Green and Dr. Cranston and also Dr. Yarbrough, with the Convalescents; this bill of fare put down here-grits hot buscuits, crackers, bacon, steak, batter cakes, syrup and coffee, all of the inmates in this Institution don't get that for breakfast; they all get coffee, and we have beef hash every morning; I don't personally supervise or superintend that table at all; I go around and look and see after the patients whenever I have time, and particularly that they have plenty to eat; it may be that I am in some other p~rt of the building and not get there when the meals are served; I couldn't tell you a thing about
the Female Department; the hardy, stout males have
279

I
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for _dinner-b~ef, bacon, rice, corn or potatoes and other- vegetables whenever they are in season or we have them; soup sometimes, and one medium

size biscuit and a medium size pone of corn bread;

that hardier set of men have for supper-syrup and

butter and light bread and biscuit, they -have one

slice of light bread, one biscuit and butter, syrup and

coffee-some of them have milk, if they have enough

to give them milk; we only have meat for them _that

the Doctor specialiy wants to have meat for supper,

they don't always have meat for supper; now, the

working out crowd, that works flown in the :field,

they all have meat three times a day-beef and

bacon; it is just placed on the table; and they all

come in, each one has his particular seat; some will

get there ahead of the others, they all come in and

take their seat as soon as they come in and go to

eating; sometimes some get more of the provisions

than those weakly ones that .can't get there so

quickly; there's some of them that will grab stuff

from other patients' plates; the attendants come in

when the patients do, and while the patients are

eating,- generally, are passing between the tables or

in the hall; after they get them all seated and pro-

vided for, then the attendants go to eating, so that

they can get through and go back out with the pa-

tients; the attendants are always looking out to see

that some of the weakly patients that ~an 't get about

as fast as the others, get their meals ; if there is any

of them that's not being looked after, they let it ~e

known right there, if they have any mind at all. It

is my understanding, those that stay down at the

280

farm houses have meat every day three times a day,

though whtrn you were down there the other day at

supper they may not have had it that night.. I don't

know how the notion could originate among the pa-

tients that they seem to be afraid to tell how the

atten.dants treat them for fear they will J;le badly

treated, the attendants don't try to suppress any-

thing like that, I don't see why they should, some-

times they will whisper to me and say ''don't let the

attendant know that I have told you"-a good many

of them; as to whet~er I think there is really a defi-

ciency in the amount of food that they have, if they

had more ;money I think they could add to it, in t):te

way of pieq j I tliink they get enough of what we

have, lots of times they carry out buckets full to the

slop barrels, that's left over; as to your statement

if they are ail like that supper you saw, they don't

carry much away without carrying it an: well, sup-

per is the scantiest meal we have, because they don't

have any vegetab!es; over here in the. Twin Build-

ing, 'where I see it mostly, they have a slice of light

bread and a biscuit; we usually have supper a little

before sundown, I reckon they are about through

eating supper and coming out of the dining room

now; some of them complain that they are hungry,

haven't got enough to eat; I inves~igate and see that

they have enough to eat;, those old idiotic fellows

that hardly know how to get out of the hall, it's the

attendant's business to see that everyone gets some-

thing to eat; one of those patients, nervous, timi~,

afraid to push hi:ruself out, that's the attendant's

business to see that they get enough to eat for every

,

''f

.'1

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meal-three times a day, and I am satisfied they do it, because in my rounds I don't :find anyone that they don't do it. This bill of fare is part for one patient and part for the others; they don't all get the same, just what is on that printed bill of fare, it is like I stated awhile ago. At the Twin Building, they usually have breakfast at eight o'clock in the morning; now at the Convalescent, they have their's a little earlier than that,-they don't have so many to cook for.
I am getting $40.00 a month now, salary, I live between here and Milledgeville, on the River Road, outside of the State property, I rent the house I live in from a widow lady. Including specials, there's about a hundred and eight attendants under me, and something in the neighborhood of a thousand and six or seven patients. I have never known any of the officials of the Institution here to use any of the teams or any other State property or buildings for their own private purposes; if I go to discharge an attendant, I have never had a suggestion from Dr. Jones to keep him longer because he owed Doctor Jones some house rent; none would be kept here because they owed Doctor Jones any house rent, or Mr. Hollinshead. Mr. Eze11 that was put out of the service I think was living in one of Doctor Jones' houses; in iny line of duty I don't see any preference given to the attendants who are renters of Doctor Jones', I am in a place to know it if there was, I don't think he uses any partiality towards any of them at all.
The patients and attendants carry provisions out to the slop barrel in bucket fulls, after they get
28?

done cleaning up; they get through with the meals, there isn't any meat in that that could be carried over there to the kitchen and used again as hash; after it js put in the slop bucket, it is given to the hogs.
M. H. POOL, Sworn, Testified as follows:
I live in Paulding County, Georgia; I was an inmate of the Sanitarium, of the Georgia State Sanitarium. I went there in the summer of 1898, and went home the 4th of last May; when I was placed there first, I was under the direct control of Doctor L. M. Jones; as well as I remember I remained under the personal supervision of Doctor L. M. Jones, something like about five years; the attention Doctor L. M. _Jones rendered to me and the patients under him in the same ward in which I was confined was very good, as far as I seen; he came through most every day; Doctor T. 0. Powell was the Superintendent of the Institution at that time. My attendant was Mr. John Bloodworth, I believe, as well as I remember, at that time. At that time I was mistreated in several respects; my attendant would take me and lock me up in my room occasionally and keep me a long time before he would turn me out, at some times there was physical injury done me by my attendant; I would be choked heaps Of times, and take me in my room and put a towel around my neck and choke me with it, because sometimes I was a little slow in minding them, what they
283

would tell me to do-for instance, they would tell

me to do some things and if I didn't do it fast enough

to suit them. I don't know as I ever informed Doctoi

Jones of it, because I was afraid of my attendant;

when I left the ward where Doctor Jones was Super-

intendent, I went to what was called the Convales-

cent, I believe, on the ward with Mr. Alex Hawkins;

at that time, I believe Doctor Swint was the physi-

cian in charge of that ward, and I remained in t~at

hall under the attention of Doctor Swint about three

years, as well as I remember; I was maltreated in

that ward very badly; as a general thii1g, it was my

attendants that maltreated me, but there's one. spe-

cial attendant especially maltreated me; Mr. Alex

Hawkins. was my head atten~ant on that ward and he

. treated ine very badly in some respects; he would

take me and lock me up in my room and him and

.some of his other attendants, second attendants,

would take me and put a towel around my neck and

choke me, sometimes cut me off two or three different

times, cut my breath off, just choking me until I was

unconscious; what I did to cause that maltreatment,

I was a little slow, sometimes, to obey them in some

of the things that they would ask me to do, or some

of them things that they would teJl me to do; on that

same hall I was very badly treated at one time there,

one night, I reckon it was something close on to. ten

o'clO'ck;

there

was

some

four /

or

:five,

or

pr.obably

h. alf

a dozen men came in on me and they choked me

mighty bad,-they taken myown shoe and struck me

on my nose and broke it___chandled my nose very badly

and struck me on the head several times with the shoe

284

, i

-made several wounds on my head; they then drug

'';,.,J

me off on the floor-I had been lying on the bed at

;>~A

that time-when they struck me with the shoe,-

struck me on the nose with the shoe; I commenced

bleeding very bad, and they drug me off on my back

full length,-stretched me out full length, one man

on each side holding one of my hands, two that held

my feet-and.one even got on my stomach and stood

up on me that way-seemed like about two hundred

pounds; well, one or two of them put a towelaround

my neck and choked me severely, even until I was

unconscious; I was bleeding very bad from the

wound on my nose, and they left me unconscious in

that room bJ_' myself; I commenced bleeding almost

like there had been a beef slaughtered in a

slaughtering pen, something like that, and I lay there

a good long tim'e before I even revived or eame to or

got conscious at all; they had clone stepped outside,

and I heard them whispering in the hall, and one of

them said,. "I believe he's dead," and he said it

kinder in a low whisper; well, I couldn't get up on

my feet at all that night; I tried to get up but I

wasn't strong enough, and I laid there in that condi-

tion all that night; the next morning, very early,

before good clay, my attendant, Alex Hawkins, came

there and unlocked my door and says ''come out of

that door," and kinder taken hold' of me and partly

drug me into another room; I was there in my night

clothes, bloody all over, hardly a dry thread on me;

he taken me and put me in another room, taken those

clothes off of me and I don't know what he clone with

them-either burned them or buried them, I think he

. I
J

I

285

done that, and gave me some dry ones, and he had that r"oom scoured up there by good day or before; before the Doctor came around it was an scoured out and cleaned up; it was in the room adjoining, where I was, while they were having that room scoured out, and he kept me in that room something close on to three months before he ever turned me out of there; Dr. Swint passed there ev:ery morning, and I urged him to come in to see me, that I wanted to see him and tell him something and he wouldn't pay no attention to me; I never had that nose treated, oi the wounds on my head treated by any physician; no one but me and my God while I was in there; and even when I got stronger, I tried to climb up over .the door .to call to him to come and see me but he paid no attention to seeing me, and I went and reported it to him but he paid no attention to me at aU; he hardly stayed long enough to hear what I told him-him in front and me coming on behind him; I told him that I had been very badly treated and he went on and he said something like I didn't know what I was talking about, and he didn't pay a great deal of attention to me at all-none whatsoever; after I stayed about three years at that place, at the Convalescent Building, I then went over to what was called the New Building further on, and occupied a hall or ward over there with Mr. Fleming Gillman, he was my head attendant over there, and he treated me very nice, excepting one time when I was choked over there, by one of his second attendants, I suppose, that was helping him; I was in what they called the portico, and they called to me to come and take
286

r -

some medicine, the Doctor had told me to take no

medicine, and I didn't think that I really needed

any, and they sent word for me by a patient a time

or two to come and take the medicine; well, I said

that I didn't think that I needed any medicine; well; '

bye and bye he come back and taken hold of -me and

br1:mg me that thing to take, and says "here, .you

have got to take it;'' I says, ''well, the Doctor didn't

say for me to take it;" well, he says, "that don't

make any difference;'' I says, ''I don't know nothing

about

it,-..

the .

Doctor

c.lidn 't

say

for

me

to

take

any

medicine, an~ it might be strychn1ne, for all I know;''

l1e says, "it don't make a damn-you have got to

take it"~with an oath to it; well, he: took me on out

to give me the medicine, I just taken it in my mouth

and just simply spit it out on the haJl; we11, he took

hold of me and took me back down to another room,

to what was called. the blue-room, the wire-guard

room, he says "come on here," and I went on with

him, he says "I'll fix you;" I says, " please let me

off, I haven't clone anythi:p.g to be imposed on

about;" he says, "I'll fix you;go get me a towel"-

to one of the inmates there; some of the other

patients, "go bring me a towel;".well, orie of them

went on and got him a towel and bro1.1ght it back to

him, he just simply pi.1t it around my neck and had

about two or three others of the biggest, stoutest

ones that was on the hall help him hold me while- he

choked ine, and he choked me until I was uncon-

scious two or three different times, and he left me

_and. went on out and he came through that .night,

about the time the night-watchman came through,

287

. ; 'l

. . ,._. '::-~~
!-

-""'"'!""'""""'~-~

he was with him, the night-watchman-! know his name but I disremember his name now-I did know the night-watchman's name but he was with him, this attendant, Farlandore, as well as I remember, was 'the. attendant's name, he was with the night-watchman when he came through that night, he was the attendant that choked me on that ward; well, as I was going to tell you, they unlocked my door, that night, about nine o'clock-the night-watchman's duty was to go around through the ha11s, he goes through the different wards, and that fellow, he opened the door with an oath, and says "what in the hell did you act like you did today for, Pool7'' I says, "well I think you was to blame as well as myself, you. imposed on me without a cause, and I believe that gentleman there," ~the night-watchman, "is a gentleman, I don't believe you are a gentleman ;'' I says, ''I don't believe you are, I believe you are a damn rascal to do me like you done, and I says I don't believe you could have choked me that time if you had come at me by yourself;" "You say you don't believe I can do it now,'' he says'; I toldbim ''I don't believe you could;,. I was in there just in my. night clothes, and he came in and tried to do it then, but I turned him over on his head that time, and I was just :fixing to give it to him good with my .:fist, but the night-watchman, he up and urged me not. to hit himi so I didn't hit him; and I says, "if you wasn't drunk, I would give you a good whipping any-
way;'' I reported that occurrence to "Dr. Swint, the physician.
vVell, then he went on out then, and told the night-
288

..... l
d:d
/;;;~
i.
~.:1 .. '.
.... .

watchman 'that he was just in fun with me then; but the night-watchman came on by the next night and stopped and tal1wd to me and he said he hated to see me ''hit him, he lmew that I could whip him, but he hated to see me. hit him; but he was ~rinking that time when he imposed on me and choked me yvith the towel, he was very near drunk and he was jttst kinder wanting to show off, you know; like a drunk fellow will do; that was the last time that I was. choked,
and that was while I was on that hall, while :t was
there with that- man, Mr. Fleming Gillman; I think h<:t ~was a very :fine man, I think well of him, he treated me like a brother, he was ready and willing to accommodate me and do anything that he could do for me, and I thought mighty well of him, and I think he always thought well of me; as tb that was the only time that they imposed en me there; how 1ong it was after I became well from the .injuries infliCted upon my nose until any Doctor mentioned it to me; Dr. Swint mentioned it to me when I left him-I left him last May-I went home, and just before I went away from there, he came through there one morning and says ''Pool,'' and he walked up to me and puts his finger on my nose and says "]ool{ me iii the eye;'' well, I looked him in the eye,. and he says, "did you get your'-is your nose broke?" I tolcl'him yes sir, that I got it broke by an attendant over there, and I thought I had told him so at .the ti:r_ne, and he examined several other fellows' noses that was.around there at the same'time, and says he, J'wasn't.your nose crooked before you came here?'' I told him "no sir, my nose wasn't c:rooked. before I
289

. I
I
I I '
l 1fJ.in.,;

.' . :-- .
!
<ii'Jj
. ' j

came here, it was done here at this place by maltreat7 . m~nt, -that's what it was,'' .I told him that ~ight .then;

it was about :five years I stayed there with Dr. Jones

there,. and. I went from there over to the Conva-

lescent arid stayed about three years there, and it

;w_as -so.metime during that time that they treated me

.~o- bad .th,ere, imposed on me there by maltreatment,

while I- was on that _hall there with that man, Mr.

Al_ex Hawkins; then I went from there over to ~he ot~er buiiding, and stayed there until I came her(l;

I .stayed there about three years, on that w_ard; lll.ak-

jng very near eleven years that I stayed at the Sani,.
Jaritim ~altogether; I .was afflicted with epilepsy.,that's. when I first we-~t there:; I went there. for medl'cal treatrn~nt; it had be~n thr(ole ye~rs, probably four ye~rs, maybe, since I had a :fit when I was discharged {rom.her~;. during that time I hadn 't felt any syrrrp-

toms. of the return of my__trouble; I was urging on
Dr. -Swint to let me go holl)._e, tha.t 1 thou.ght that I

was per~~ctly well, and able .to go hoine and attend to
my. own business; last May the 4th was when I left

tl;ie:Sm1itarium; I haven't .had any symptoms of the ::r~t~~n. of. my trouble since I went home; .they gave
me treatm~nt .for 'my trouble while I was here; I
.didn't taln~ l::egular courses, just .occasionally only that. they .~ould _give me .medicine; I have. done m~n

:haUabor since l was' xeleased from the Sfmita#um;

:(pi6lred close on to. three thousand po~nds of 'Cotto~

t.hi~ s~ason.
..: : .... -~



_.,; When I :first' went there the. diet was ~very good,

tliey gave me betteT t'o eat than they did after I went

- ov.eron:to the hallwith.Mr. Hawkins and.on:up until

I left; the latter years of my sh1y in there, it, was very short, sometimes I would go away from the: fable hungry-heap of times I went away hungry from the table; and I want to say just one -other word about how I prevailed on Dr. Swint, my Doctor,' to accommodate me in some respects, when he wouldn't even accommodate me; I was wishihg" to go out to the preaching, to go ,out to the church, and I begged him many times when I stayed there on the Convalescent ward if he would permit me to go in the afternoon; well, he said he couldn't do it,- ~he c_ouldn't do a thing like that at all; well, I prevailed on him several times and asked him several times: to please to let me go out to some entertainment, or to goout to some preaching, I would be very glad'to; go to it; we11, he couldn't do anything of the kind,and they never did Jet me go though while I stayedl. there on that ward, the Convalescent, with Mr. Hawkins; I stayed there a long time, well, I would ask him if I could go out to the preaching and he' "would see about it, see about it, see about it," ancf next time I saw him I would ask him again, and tliat: would be about tl1e only reply he would give me;' bye and bye, I got him to let me go over to 'the othel
department, where I stayed last-Mr. Gillman's;
at last, after I had stayed there about three years; he decided I could go; I went over there, and I w~n:f. under the care then, at that time, of D~. Green; Ji
f~Sked him, after I hadn't been over there bi.1t a short'
time, if he had any objection of me going over to. church in the afternoon, I would like very much to go, 'to. the preaching; why, he asked me, how, lQJ;J:g;
291

has it been since. I had had a convulsion, I told him it had been a good long while since I had had an attack,;. well, he says ''you might go to the preaching if you wish;" I hadn't been with him but a short ti:ine until he let me go to the preaching. Well, I stayed there a year or maybe a little longer; Dr. Swint then came over there from that Convalescent, and after he came I had to go back to him to ask him if he. had any objection''to me going out to church, to preaching; we1l, he. still refused me going and I asked him if he had any objection to me go_ing to the dances-they then had dances there, I supp0se, at night; well, he was afraid for me to go, he was afraid I would run away or have a convulsion; well, I told him,. as for running away, it was something that I never thought of in my life, I didn't run there and 1 didn't intend to run away, I came there as a gentleman and I aimed to go away that way; well, he Wmldn 't agree for me to go te preaching until .a long time afterwards, and bye and bye, my attendant, Mr. Gillman, prevailed on him to let me go to preaching and to the dances, and bye and bye he agreed for me to go; during all that time I tried to behave myself always as well as I could, 'just as well as I kriowed how to; I wasn't quar.relsome, didn't :fight among the inmates, or anything of the kind ;-I hadn't given them any other reason or cause whatever to l0ck me up in that blue room, as they called it,, which is something like a cell that they have to .secure a patient in, they say when he gets unruly.
There was no -way for me to see out during all that three months I was con:fiued and kept in that
292

. place;. there was a couple of locks on the window and the window iron barre!, and inside there was a wire guard and a!bout two locks to secure that, and probably a couple on the door-one or po;ssibly two; the only way I had of seeing things on the outside was thr,ough the window and up over the transom of my door; and they had a little blind door in my door, just large enough to poke a plate through with my victuals that they would give me, and I stayed in there that three months all the time, and they just brought my victuals to me there tha~ way; poked them through that little blind door in the door to the room; it was just about big enough to poke a plate through there; I didn't have anything excepting jTist my 'bunk, and heap of times I didn't have th.at1 I dicln;t have a blanket to lay on heap of times; to accommodate :r:rie in the way of the call of nature, they had something like a chamber or tin p~n, something of that kind, and when a call of nature was attended to, sometimes it would stay in my room all night, as a general thing they tak~n it out next mor~ing, sometimes it would probably stay in there a half a day, but as a general thing they taken it out. I saw other patients maltreated on these wards while I was there. One is Mr. Shell, I believe- they said his name was Louis Shell-I seen theni mistreat hill). very bad-; it was an attendant on that hall by the name of Denti,st, I suppose his name is; and also, I seen them mistreat an inmate there or patient by the name of-I can't thinlr of his name now.
while I was locked up in that cell or room, the Physician didn't come in to see me at all; I pre-
293

vailed on them to come, tried to get them to come in to see me, and no Physician was in my room there during that three months that I was confined in that wire-guard. My nose was not set by any Physician after being broken; that is the cause of it being crooked now, that injury that time; my nose was straight and sound when I went to the Sanitarium, nothing whatever the matter with it. After I got out I tried to explain it all to Doctor Swint, but he didn't take time to pay much attention to me at all, just went right on. When my nose was broken, immediately preceding it, I was in my room, just kinder humming a little song, I was on my bed, and they told me to hush up and go to sleep, that was the night man, and I just kept on humming my song, arid probably they come there the second time, and it was after I continued singing or humming ~that Mr. Hawkins and his crowd came in and attacked me; I didn't tell Doctor Jones about it, because I was just simply afraid, they have told me heap of times that they would double the dose on me, or probably take a broom-handle to me if I told it; Mr. Hawkins was one of the men that lias told me that; I didn't tell the Supervisor and heacl man of that ward about it; I don't know the names of the attendants he brought in; it was in regard to the time that they came in on me, four or five other men-I suppose they were attendants that he had got; I don't know whether he was sober or drunk when he came in, it was at night. While I was there, I would run one of them rubs that they had, occasionally, I was required, forced to do it by the attendants-had to sweep, mop and scour occasionally. The food was
294

kinder .allowanced to a person, just a little piece to
each fellow-an allowance; at breakfast they had what they called waiters, they were supposed to attend to the fixing- up of the table; in the morningthey would give us what was called hash and grits, probably, biscuit and something that was called a cup of coffee-it was nothing but a cup of hot water, thoug-h; they would g-ive a piece of loaf bread, and corn bread at dinner time; they give for dinner, a little piece of beef, corn bread, a cup of cold water and sometimes. a few vegetables if they had them. at each place was an allowance, during the vegetable season; they didn't give us a great deal of hog meat, it was mostly beef that they gave us; they, sometimes gave hog meat maybe a couple of times a week, but it was very short; when I left there I weighed something like about 150 poundS', I 'believe, I weigh now something like about a hundred and forty, I was ten pounds heavier when I left there than I am now, the dieting probably done g-ood, and I have been at work some since then; I was required to work then, but not regularly, that work that I was required to do, was given to keep that hall clean; as to whether it was better for us that I and all the patients do a little work for the exercise, I was willing- to do some exercising-run a mop probably an hour before breakfast and sometimes more; I was never required to clean one of the patients, but I have seen them that was required, that they forced to do it. The atte.ndants had control over those wards; .the Physician gave me permission to go out to church and dances and so on; the Physician looked after it and saw whether I was a fit subject to go to
295

the dances or not.. The Physician came through and inspected those premises every day; a room that was locked, they wouldn't unlock those rooms and see who was in th~m, unless an attendant reported to him that there was someone in there sick; they trust the attendants to notify them if there is anybody sick in those rooms, and t}:uvt was why my room was never unlocked during the three months I was confined in there, by any Physician; when I was there, Mr. Simpson was the Supervisor on my ward; the Supervisor would come through there occasionally, he would come through every day, but it isn't often he asked me anything unless I reported it to. him. . I knew R. E. Dunnington; I stayed on the same ward with him at the Sanitarium, awhile; as far as ever
_., ~
I .lmowed anything about him, he was a very nice man; I suppose he had some little falling outs, he had fusses with the patients on the ward with him, and with the attendants too ; I don't know a man by the name of Hawkins, that was on. the wa1'd where Hawkins was an attendant-a patient who claim.ed to be a brother of this attendant Hawkins; it is not possible that I r;ould have had. that fight, that time when ~ got my nose broke, w~th an inmate by the name of Hawkins and he h:roke my nose inE\tead of the attendant Hawkins; it couldn't have been that way at all, because at that time of the night they were not allowed to be on .the ha1l. They did open my door and come in and clean up my room, during those three months. I was locked up; my rations. was given to me through a blind door-a blind door that they had in there, just a hole in the door made large enough to poke a plate through or water or
296

..'.l ' . , '
anything of the kind-to give you something to eat. At the time. my nose was broken, as well a;s I re..: member, Doctor Powell, was Superintendent; I do~ 't definitely know what year it was my nose was broken, it's been SOJr?.ething like. five years ago, maybe ~anger. I am ~ sing,le man, my mother is living, father is dead, though; I made complaint to ,my people at home about my mistreatments here, many a time;
they did all they could to investigate it and to get
me away, and I considered myself a well man and considered myself permanently able to go away and I tried to get away a long time before I ever did get away, but even my Doctor, Doctor Swint, wrote to :i:ny people that he didn't think that I was able .to go home-Doctor 'Swh~t done il:ia;t himself; I haven't had a :fit or convulsion since I left here. This difficulty at the time Mr. Hawkins and his attendants made that assault upon me and injured my nose, was at night, after all the patients .had been 'locked up in their respective rooms; it would not have been possible for any patient to_ have got in my room 'and assaulted me and I thought it was Mr. Hawkins; they had no means of access to my room at that time, only the attencla:v.ts had access to my room at that time of the night, and as a general .t~ing, after supper, at dark and sometimes before dark, they are put in the rooms and locked up for the night, and when they are locked up that way, no one has access to their rooms e-xcept the attendants; my door _ was locked when they. came in after me, and they u:ulocked it and came in. The food for each patient !Vafl t].pportioned out, aJ!cl put on a separate plate; a patient that was timid,. that wouldn't push himself
297

a forward; heap of times some oid gentleman, or
probably someone that wa~ weak-minded would run in and maybe gra!b two or three, try to get two or three biscuits to put in his pockets; I have seen the attendants heap of times shove them back and knock them down if he was too old or too feeble to _go to the dining room to dinne1\ they would send it to him in his room. I have heard profanity in use among the officers in charge there, many a time, towards the patients; there was one seconcl attenclarit there by the name of Dentist that I have heard cuss, and even knocked a patient clown there and ibroke his leg, and I have seen him take broom-handles and beat them until they would hardly be a:ble to sit clown for a week afterwards; l' can't exactly recollect the name of the patients now that he treated that way,
.lf
it has been something like about a couple of years ago, going on about two years; I saw him do that more than once; as a general thing, it's just anevery clay occurence to hear attendantS' curse patients; they don't do that in the presence of the PhySICian. To my opinion, there' was a great deal of drinking to excess among the attendants while I was theie; it's been generally all along;, I think it was just as bad when I left as when I entered there; I never did see any of tlie1:.n clown drunk, hti.t I have seen them, as you say, pretty funny, from liquor drinking, under the infhience of liquor so you could notice- it; I never saw any of those attendants under the influence of liquor, 'in the presence of tm)' of the officeis or Physicians of the Institution.; as to how they could do that~ and klep -the physicj ~:ins
{rom finding it' out and:th-em coming'througll there
298'

':' ~
It
I
if~:,:-: { ......

every day and seeing them, heap of times they drink it at night when they don't come through; no offic0r at all comes through at night; they have a night watchman that goes through and attends to the l:alls :there at night, supposed to come through tevery honr; no Assistant Supervisor ever 'Come through at night, t~at I know of, and no Physician unless th~y are called; neither the Superintendent or :f:>hysician or Supervisor comes tlirough at night at all, nobody but the night watchman does; I don't know who is over him to see that he discharges his' quties at night, unless it is the Supervisor; well, I'll reca:ll that, I said I have never seen the Supervisor go _through at night, I have seen the Supervisor co~e through. 0t least come on the hall, but then not on all the halls, I have seen him come on the hall where . I stayed, prqbably, and go into another hall, maybe, ~and sit downand take a. game of cards, maybe, some_thing of that. kind, with some of the attendants; I have seen them play with the pati~nts; I never saw .tb.e-doctprs.Playwith the inmates; I don't t4ink the :Doctors do all they can to. divert your mind from '-the cause. of your detention there.. Doct01; Swint was the one that caused me the most trouble; all the other Do<;to:rswere kind to me; he ~as th.e last. Outside qf _keeping me_ locked up;. as to what did the Dqctors~ do toward~: trying to cure you up; .if you ::needed medicine: th.ey __sometimes :prescribed medicine for yo11, they qon't do ~tunless yo~ have some :P!Tysi<;ml ail:ment,: unless you .ar~ sick; tho~e that are.. afflicted with epilepsy, they give them medicine.
.J: n~ver -did h~ve. _a fit aJ;J.cl,. fall and J:mrt ll}YS'elf;
:w:Q.e:p. a :fit comes on :me, I fap,_I getu!lconscious and
299

. . ~-~:- ~W::~ ~~~~~~~
' \
donit know anything at all, and don't 1mow any more than a dead man until I revive; it aint possible that I had a fit and fell and broke my nose, ~s a general thing, I could always tell when a fit would come on me, by my feelings, the blood would quit circuO.alting pr iomething, and I would jus<t become unconscious; heap of times, if I l).ad the time,
I would stop and sit clown, when I would feel a fit
coming on; I fell at times before I went down there;
I didn't fall while I was in this Sanitarium, that I kl1ow .of at all; a perS'on is liable to fall most any way, he's liable to fall either frontwards or backwards, you can't tell which way he's going to fall, when he has a fit; I didn't always fall backwards, at times a person is liable to fall on his face, just as liable to fall on his face as he is to fall on his back; that's somethiing you can't tell nothing about at alL. AS' a general thing, the patients stand in fear and ~dread of the attendants at tl1e Sanitarium; afraid to report any misconduct or mistreatment on their part; the attendants I had trouble with were Mr. Hawkins, F'arlandore and there was several others that choked me that I disremember the names, some second attendant, proba:bly, would come in and stay maybe two months or three, and they' would be discharged or go away-heap of times I wouldn't become personally acquainted with them at all, they was just alwayS' coming al).d going; as a gene:ral .thing, I was pretty badly mistreated when I first w_ent there; the latter part, a while before I went away, my attenqants general1y treated me very well, except that one, Farlandore, that choked me. Four o~ five 'attendants treated me badly and about the
_300

same number treated me all right; attendants are like ever7body else; some good, some bad and some indifferent. I think Doctor Jones is a fine man and a gentleman, always treated me very nice; all -of the other Physicians treated me very nicely except Doctor Swint. Whenever any of the patients _reported any misconduct on the part-of the attendants
td the Supervisor or Physicians; as a general :thing,
-they would go to the attendants to know about it, and a l1eap of times the attendant would say ''he's crazy or a delusion," or something foolish, ''I just had to lock him up in there to make him behave,'' as ageneral thing, they wouldn't take the patients' word,. they wouldn't ask the patients about it.

Doctor Jones, after he became Superintendentr came through very often; as to whether he was bet~ t.er in that reS'pect than Doctor Powell; as far as Doctor Po_well, I didn't get personally acquair~.ted with him at all, I didn't get to see him but a few ,times, but as far as I know about Doctor Powell, he -w~s a fine man also ; I stayed there going on eleven years, and never became acquainted with Doctor .P.owell during my entire stay theTe ; he was a very .old man at that time, didn't visit through the Insti.tution much; I didn't liave but a few words to speak with him.

1Yly people came af-ter me and they let me _go with

.them on a three months' furlough; they didn't dis-

'Charge :;me; I was telegraphed to by the C~1airman

of this :Committee; they sent two special telegrams

:to me before I came here, requesting me to come be-

-. 'j

fore this Committee, and that's the reason I cam,<1;.

..>:,,

:.'~??1

301

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-I
.; i

I have s-een Doctor whitaker, but I am not personally acquainted with him; he didn't go through and ;make inspection of the patients or the treatment that they were receiving, on our department, the male department, he was the female doctor. In som_e respects, Mr. _Sam Simpson does very well and in Qthers he don't do so well; he seems to be a little indifferent, in S'ome respects; I can tell you how Mr. Sam treated me; I would have some money sent to me occasionally, to buy something to eat, and as ~ general thing, the money was sent heap of times--:it would be just sent to me in just an open letter, you lmow, and a heap of times it would be sent me, my attendants would get the letter, proba:bly: take th.e letter break it open, take the money out and burn tf1e letter up or throw it away, and I would never receive tht:J money at all; how I know they ;would do that; heap of times I have had them to br~ng the letters to me after they had broke them _~pen, and I would read that my folks at home sent me some money to buy me something to eat and I
'ilidn't receive it, a:rid then heap of tim~s I would
_get the mori:ey and they wouldn't allow me to keep i{; ~hm I, would get it they would say that I wasnit :competent to ke~p it, that it would be the best to turn it over to Mr. Simpson; as a general thing, it was my attendant that said that, and besides the atJtendant, Doctor Swint, for one, said I wasn't compete:rit~to handle it, that it would be best to give it
:ove.r. to Mr. Simpson to keep; Mr. Simpson would
'take that money and keep it and he would let me
have- it at times-he would. have something like a
-liitle co-mmissary or something of the kind, that he
302

kept; and. he would seli something likJ~ c~hned go~d$,
something of the kind, you know-he would_ s~li a.
. person somethinE? like a box of oyst<:;r~, and he would'

ta~e so r.nuch of a person!s money out o~f what' he was keeping for him to pay for it; for the oyst~rs <;>r
whatev;er he bought from his COII}mis~ary ;, I nieim' t6,
$ay that Mr. Simpson kept a- commis~;ary tha( b~~1
ionged. to himself privately; he sold something iil~e;
carmed goods there in the. dining r_oom dep~~~tm~n,t f
heap of timeg patientS there wquld get mo~ey' dnef
they wouldn't allow thfl- patients to --k~ep i,t; ~r{".
Simpson would take. the money ancl keep it: -0ria -1~t:
the patients hav.e the worth of it o~t in so!llething
ti:wt they had there to sell, and h~ap of tirrres.I ha:V~.
heard. 'them m~ke -~bmpiai~ts that~ they- wouid-_giv~:
of thein-.too iittle for the worth t~e mori~y ~nd .b~at:

them out of the money-that way ;heap of timef' l.have

had him buy things in towp for n;te. . lte had a:gdocl.
l~rge space that he spiel c~mned goods and things'iii,
th~~-e; he has sold since Dr, J o,n~s has been _therd as

Superinte:tide~t, soda water, cocl;l~cola and tpings _Of that )dud'; Idon't Imow ~hether or not.:br. jone9
a Jf~ew that- he kept them in there; Dqcto~ Jones:do-~s
not eat. t:her~ t_hre'(rtimes day.. ":M:r; J ol{n inoocl-_
W:orth :is t!~e .one that_ attends. ti> the :dining:':t~o~ d~p~rtment, wher,e he sold those things ; it wfis. int:h'~
in building that was last built 9ve~ there, that'I~~'t:
building. that 'they _built,' it was' tli<;Jre: where he
t. kept store; the _T'w:in BuiiMng, s~mpos_e; :n:o otlwr_ a. .Physician -or other e~ployee- has_ storJ on fli~'

grounds or i~ a~y of. th.e buildings b<1longi:6g t6 "'the.

.

.

. -

. -,

.. . .

".,

I .. ' ..,... ' . e ....

Sanitarium, that I know of; no goods were =sotq_ ;nle

- - o~t'of ~ny building ofth~--State,~ li~~ej)Cfu'.tliiEt 6if{

i

... . ,,1

;

._ ~

303

.. I
I

instance that I have related; he would bring me things sometimes when I asked him to, from town, in Milledgeville, up here, you know, but I don't remember getting from any other building out there except in that dining room department that M'r. John Bloodworth attended to while I was out there; I know Mr. Simpsonhad a place that he kept, located about or in the dining room, because I. seen it, and seen him get the things out; I have went there ~y self and bought them from him or Mr. John Blood. worth, that he had in there to attend to it for him;. M1. John Bloodworth used to look after it for l}im; Mr. John Bloodworth has got charge of the cooking department, and also,. he sees to the dining room. I would pay for .a box of oysteri? out there when I bought them, a dime, probably :fifteen cents. In ~ny opinion, it's something close on to about $10.00 that 1 traded out at that store; I saw other patients buy from him, and also heard them make complaint about it, that they didn't get the real worth and thought that he was trying probably to beat them out of something~that they didn't get the full worth of what the)\ paid for; I don't know whether or not he is on the pay roll of the Institution over there; I suppose .he kept those goods out there to ma:ke'' a profit out of, and as a matter of convenience to the patients at the Sanitarium, so that they could get such things whenever they wanted them; all the time au:ring the tnree years that I was he1e, and I suppose, after I left, too, he kept that commissary in,the dining room. I had some money sent to me from home once,. to buy me something that I wished to eat or gpmething, and there was an attendant .that stayed on the ward
304
I
i

with Mr. ..Al,ex Hawkins-Garner, I believe his name was-I asked him if he would be kind enough to change a dollar bill, I believe it was, that I had, he says, certainly, and I told hi:ru I would be very much obliged if he would give me the change for it, I wanted to get something to eat; some money sent me from home; and that I wanted to get me something to eat, it would be an accommodation to me; well, says he, I aint got the change now, I '11 give it to you tomorrow; I says "well, just give me back my money," he says, "well, I'll give it back to you tomorrow,'' well, I says, ''if you give me the change it will be all right;" well, tomorrow came and he never mentioned it to me, and the day was about to pass and I says, ''Mr. Garner, have you got my money, my change, I want to get something to eat;'' says he, "I aint got it, I'll give it to you though," I says "little money that I had sent me from horne; my fo.Jks sent me to get a little something to eat, and I would be very much obliged if you will give it to me;" says he, "I'll get it in a few days;" well, a few days passed and he never said anything to me, probably ten days or longer; I went to him again, and kinder reminded him of it, and asked him if he had my change; well, S'ays he, ''I'll get you the change whenever pay-day comes and pay you when I draw my money," and he spoke pretty hard to me; I told him all right, and at last pay-day carne and he didn't say any more to me about it, and I asked him again and he said he didn't have it no more, and at last he just simply left that hall and went off and never did pay me a cent of it; I didn't make complaint to Doctor Swint about that; I have
305

never known any of the white:patients to .be r.equirect

or even permitted to wash the clothes of the colored

lwborers around there; I have known the colored ones to do the washing for the whites, though. While I was up jn that room with tliat injury~ I didn't make

any effort to communicate that to :m:y people; I ca:n

write a llttle bit, but I didn't have no opportuni-ty; I

didn't think it would ne necessary to do it; while I

waS' then locked up; I mean it wouldn't be worth

while; the patients have got no oppo1:ti:mity at all

of communicating with the outside world of their

mistreatments. I and Dunni))gton were pretty_ good

fT1ends; from the acquaintance that I had with R. E.
i Dunnington, he was a very nice man I h~we read

a his charges against the Sanitarium, and I stayed
on the watcl with hhii quite 'while; r' s:uppose the'
other patients had the experiences tliat I and Mr~ Dunnington had wit~ the attendants thete; I. don 1t

remember the name of the man that had his. leg

j -

broken; that has peen something like a couple of

years ago; I don't lniow what became of. this .~t'-'

tendant, Dentist, but to the best of my opinion, 'I

think he quit and went of! somewhere else; :-he was' not discharged '01: bre~king this man's leg~ tJiatr lmow of; no~e of those other attendants were dis:-.

c_harged for the treatment .given me, but I have seen

them dis~harged for the 'trea.tme~t.. of 9thers, tho~gh~:

~ '

'



J



':.

, ,.

.r .,

That commissary was _just a sm~ll place .in there;

that Mr. .SimpS'on kept something i:b. to sell, stuff lik.e ca:imed goods of one. kind -~nd another, and.soda

water, coca-cola~and if the patients. wanted to :buy

something.fiom him; why he sold. it to him; you.know;:

i

I boug-ht oysters, sardines~ lemons, and I have bougl~t

some coca-cola from there myself; I wouldn't give

my money to the man and tell him to get it for ~e

and he get it in town and deliver it to me out ther,e

at. the Sanitarium; I wo:uld go to the mess hall and

with the first. request for it, he would get it out of

that safe and hand it to me and take .the mqney

.for it. I tried to. get along peacefully, never had

any difficulties with _the patients while I waS' an in-

.m_ate of the Sanitarium; I tried -to have good friends;
.J I;tE)Ver had. a difficulty .with a man in my life, and I'll soon pe forty years old. _My mother and broth-

w:s and sisters came to see me seyeral times, and

:taken me away from here; I'm )iving in Paulding

c\)unty, at I-Iiram. I haven't seen Dunnington since

:before I left the Sani~_arium, he went away before
. I .did. When _my mother and brothers and siste~s

came .

to

see

me

s' e.ve.ral

ti.mes

wh.ile.

.I .was

a- t . the.1S.ani--

tarium, I reported to them about this trouble I had,

th~y didp't make ~my' effo~t-to pr;sec~te those people

.'for _.mistreatip.g me that. way; they.. just simply
._thought it would be unnecessary, t}lat. r :would be

.conl:lidered a lunatic anyhow, an~ theywouldn't take

my -word; I never reported to Doctor Powell any of

! .

this tro:uble.

I

II.

:Now, to g<:Jtback to that difficulty that occurred,

it 'was five or six or'. them that took hold of me; they

left 'me in an unconscious condition;_ awhile after
Die .they left I got conscious again, several minutes

afterwards, but I wasn't able to ge~ up on my feet

at all; they had done locked the door before I re:-

. t

'gained consciousness. again; there was patients all
...

3Q7

around there, on each side of me; I suppose there

was the biggest sort of noise and furore going oil in

there; everybody on the ward didn't 1mow what was

going on in there; I don't suppose anyone knew

what was going on in there, except them that was

imposing: on me; them that imposed on me, after

I became alive again, I heard theni whispering out

there; it isn't a fact that I broke the attendant's nostt

that Bight, that I know of; I didn't see him immedi-

atel.y afte.rwards with his nose all bound up.; I strucl sOinebody with the shoe; I don't know whether it

was tl1is attendant that I struck with that shoe; lie

didn't come in there and find me on the bed a:rid try

to rouse me and tell me to get up,. and I struck him

';:,t ~i~

with the shoe, that isn't true; I had done retired, had

.. ,

'taken off my clothes and put them in the hall, -and

i

I happened to keep my shoes in there-it wasn't

exactly customary for them to keep any of 'theiT

clothing in there at night, bu~ I put out a part of

my clothing and left my shoes in there, and whEm

these half dozen men came in there, there was about

two of them that grabbed me and went to choking

me, and whenever they went to choking me I picked

'up my shoe and struck at one of them, and I don't

know whether I hit him-don't even know who it

was; whenever they went to choking me, of course,

I just grabbed the shoe and struck at them and tried

to defend myself with it against them; the shoe was

in my bed, was under the bed, and it was right low,

.you know, the bed was right down low where I

could just reach down and grab it without any trou-

ble, and so I didn't have far to rea'Ch after it, you

know; I clicln't,ha'Ve to get down to get it; they were

;;08

not holding my hands, but they were choking me; there was a half a dozen of them, mistreated me and imposed on me mighty bad. This is the first time I was ever on the stand in my life; I haven't been sworn in any investigation before.
AS' to Mr. Hawkins' statement that he went to me and I was lying on the bed with my hands under the cover, and that he gently spoke to me and I slipped the shoe out from under the cover and struck him in the face with it before he knew it, it didn't occur that way; the shoe was under my bed, and I was in there partly asleep and they run in there on me, and as quick as they run in there on me and grabbed me and went to choking me-l didn't know what was the trouble-I just sorter reached down and picked the shoe up to try to defend myself and struck at someone-I don't know whether I hit anyone or who it was; I had been singing, humming a little song; they took me off the bed, took my bedstead away from me and put me dqwn on the floor, and I lay on the floor the balance of the time, and I had no mattress, and only a couple of blankets to lie on when they put me down on the floor to sleep; my bed-stead wasn't taken away from me to keep me from hurting myself or someone else, it was done just as an act of punishment, I s'nppose. -While I was locked up for three months in that room, I had absolutely nothing at all to lie on, between me and the floor, except just probably a couple of blankets or a spread, something like that; heap of times I have just laid naked without even a blanket in the room; that was the fault of the attendants, of
!ltHl

course; I complained about it to my attendants; I

. :never called the attention of Doctor Swint to that

state of affairs; I just thought it was the attendants'

duties to give me what I needed and what I deserved,

and if I reported it, I thought they would get mad at

me and make i~ just that much harder on me; I was

under fear that S'ome injury wouldbe inflicted upon

me if I reported to the Doctor such things as that,

and that restrained me from making complaint to

the Physician on the ward; while I was in that room,

at times I did suffer for water; they refused to give

me water when I asked them for it. About the diet

while I was in there, they furnished me about the

same, a little grub at each meal. The m.an that took

the money from me, Mr. Garner, was there at the

time that I stayed on the hall with Mr. Alex Haw-

-j

- 1

kins, at the Convalescent, proba:bly four years ago,

ma:ybe not quite so long, maybe a little bit longer,

I don't lmow exactly how long it haS' been ago;

something like that, though; it aint been no seven

years ago at all. since Garner was there; we were in

the building that the clarkeys now occupy. I have

been home three times in all; when I came back-.

1 hacln 't been here but about a couple of months,

my father came with me down here, and I stayed a

couple of months, and decided that I was well etwugh

to go home, I commenced improving some and wrot'e

'to my father that I wanted to come home, and he

'caine clown to the Sanitarium after :i:ne and I went

back on home with him and I stayed at home there

awhile and I commenced getting some worse and de-

c:lcled that I had better come back. I came back here

to take medical treatment; but it was mighty little

310

medical treatment that I got during the time that I was down here; I would have been better off at home than here, if I had known that I was permanently well and able to stay at home,. but I wasn't permanently well and able to stay at home when I came back here; I wasn't so powerfully badly mistreated then; this place was represented as a great place, then, to me, and I thought that I was coming here for some good, and I came here to be treated like a man and not like a brute; the second time, I stayed here, I suppose, two or three years, as well as I -remember; my nose hadn't been broken then, but I had been treated pretty rough, in S'ome respects, but I came back to try to benefit myself; I was thinking, when I came here at the start, that I could come here and get well; they hadn't imposed on me so terribly bad then, you know; I had been choked and had towels wound around my neck, and all those things, but I didn't have my nose broken at that time, nor my skull fractured; I have had it very near fractured I suppose. I suppose it was my attendants that fracti.ued my n_ose, I don't know, because it was in the dark that they all came in there, and I suppose it was my attendant, because no other attendant had no right to come on that hall and impose on me, and to even unlock my door and come in. on me in that ward; each attendant had his own' wards and halls to see after, and it was against the rules for other attendants to come on other wards to bother other inmates. I did some work on the wards, rubbing and so on, that didn't injure me,
that I know of; I was perfectly willing to do that; a
little exercise was good for me; I have been taking
3ll

right smart exercise since I. went home;. I .didn't state to the Committee that I was forced to work against my own. will; I was willing to do anything like that.. When I came back those two times,. it was of my o~n acco"rd and my folks; I just came back because I thought I would get benefited, and my folks did too; my folks were fully conver~a.nt with. the treatment I had had, and they knowing it and me knowing it,. I then came back twice, but. even when I went back the second time I hadn't been severely treated like I had been afterwards. I haven't been home and returned to the Sanitarium here since the time that my nose was-injured and skuH broken. I know it was my keeper that came in there that night, because no one else had the right to come in there and impose on me ; I don't mean that the keepers have got the right to impose on me; I know about them clucking this man Dunnington; I saw them when they ducked him; they taken him arid took him to the ~ath room and put him under the water in the bath tub and kept him there a goodlo_ng time; I don't think he became unconscious; they give him that ducking, 'as far as I know anything about that, probably :for some of his-well, hecau('le he woulcln 't yield to everything that they would say so 'quick; that was on the l_ast ward I stayed on;. it's R, I b.elieve; it was the attendants that was there that did that clucking. I don't know as I can definitely tell the names, you see they came in SO fast, and they d0n 't stay so long, you know, heap of times I wouldn't get acquainted with them,. they would come in and go right out, those attendants-I wasn't very well acquainted_ with them, noway, that dicl
312

Dunnington that way; as well as I remember, it was

either this year or last, I ain't certtain about that,

probably it was last year, but it seems sorter like

it was this year, along the first of the year; Mr. Dun-

nington made complaint of that treatment, to Doctor

Swint. Doctor Swint said he would see about it;

I don't know whether he did see about it ; I don't

think any of those attendants were discharged for

ducking Mr. Dunnington; I seen a fellow there by

the name of-I believe it was Shell, that was ducked,

it was along this year, sometime along the first;

I don't suppose the Supervisor or any of the Doc-

tors know that these attendants has the habit of

ducking people when they didn't obey them; they

could have found out this treatment if they had made

the proper inquiry and attended to their duties as

;.,

they should do; I don't think they did do that, I

don't think they ever bothered themselves none too

much, nohow; I have seen them duck several that I

don't know the names of; I don't know, but it looked

right smart like punishment to me; the patient would

be resisting all he could, would kick half the water

out of the tub to try to get out, after that ducking; .

they locked him up, I suppose; I don't know whether

or not they took him and pitched him head-foremost

over the top of one of those doors; I have known

him to lock him up, but taking him in there and

throw him head-foremost-I have seen them put

them in there pretty roughly; when they locked him

up, sometimes it would be because he wouldn't at-

tend to certain things, sometimes because he wouldn't

attend to his own affairs, sometimes they would

speak to him and get him a little bit off, and when

313

he got the least bit off, he was right smart of a scrapper, sometimes, and those was the times that he would be locked up, sometimes, still, they were to blame for getting him into that fit; the attendan.ts nag and tease the patients and make fun of them right smart; I didn't ever hear them nagging at and teasing this man Dunnington, but I know of it. I think the head man takeS' the tobacco around and gives it to the attendants and they distribute it to each of the patients, and sometimes the attendants have favorites about whom they give it to. Mr. Dunnington and I were on the same ward together, about a couple of months, probably longer than that-that was the R ward; Mr. Dunnington made complaint to me about these attendants throwing him into a room and bruising his arms; that was while I was on that R ward, and I think, showed me S'ome of the bruises on it, it wasn't very severe, I don't think, just kinder scratched; I don't remember on what portion of his arms; probably on the wrist; I saw evidences of Mr. Dunnington's having been choked, in the way of scratches or bruises around his throat, kinder like finger prints. It was a practice here to choke people with a towel; when they use a towel, it ain't bec.ause the man's cursing and fighting and using vile language, and they just put the towel over his mouth until they can get him to his room; when they put the towel around you, they wrap it around your neck and twist it, and if you fall, why they pick you up and take you on to your room, and when they get you there, why they locks you up, and after you get to the room, heap of times, they get help and choke you just as much as they want to; they did
314

that because they wanted to show off; I never seen

them do that when a patient was in his room and

not making any noise, but heap of times they will im-

pose on them,_ though, without a cause-speak to

one and if he don't go right on, heap of times they

crawl right on him and put a towel around his neck

and drag him in the room and go to choking him.

I knew an attendant there at the Sanitarium by the

name of Brake; he was on R ward; as far as I knew,

he was a very good man; I think he imposed some

on Dunnington, but he ~as good towards me there;

the way he imposed on Dunnington, he taken him to

the room and locked him :up, and I suppose, choked

him; I ain't right certain; but it seems to me that it

~as Brake that put Dunnington in the bath tub; as

a general thing, they had to bathe on a certain day,

and sometimes they wouldn't want to go in there to.

(

bathe, probably, and they m:ight strike ope about

\I

half crazy that .didn't _hardly know where he. was

at, ~nd they would take him and put him in anyway;

I suppose that's what they called ducking; I wouid

call it taking them and sticking them under the water

and holding them until they were about half

stranglec1 to death; 1 don't know whether the rea-
. son they put Dunnington in there was becau~e 1{

was his time to bathe and he wouldn't do _it; I saw;

it but I don.'t know why they done him that way, he

wasn't no ways :filthy at all, but they had a rule t<?

bathe once a week; I can't say that it wasn 'l his day

for bathing; I don't ]mow about that; I know that

they taken him and duclred him, as they call it-

.taken him and put him under the water ancl held

him there; I don't know whether they done it for

315

necessity or for punishment; when they get through bathing they give them their clean clothes, you know; they take the clothing off of them when they bathe them; they have to strip. vVhen they had Dunnington in the tub,. :first I seen of him they had done taken off his clothes and he was in the tub then-first I seen of him; he had no clothes on him when he was in the tub. Fleming Gillman was a friend of mine, he is an honest fellow, as far aS' I lmowed, he was all right as far as I am concerned, I think he's a very :fine man, Mr. Gillman is; and. what he .would say is entitled to respect; entitled to 'be believed.
-'-'H01Yu~S POOL, Sworn, testified as follows:
I live in Paulding county, Georgia, the Mr. Pool who has just testified before the Coinmittee here on the witness stand, a few minuteS' ago, is a brother of mine; he lives with me. I remember the time my brother was :first sent to this Sanitarium; his face was smooth and all right; his nose wasn't broken befo:re he went to the Georgia State Sanitarium; his nose was all. right; he last came home in May, sometime; his' mental condition since /he came hom~ in May, has been the best kind-good, and he does physical lab~r 11ll right, now; since he came home he has b.een picking cotton,. cutting wood and helping me; he doesn't show any symptoms of in~anity now, _since he has left the Institution that I can see, I don't know of any, h~'s perfectly rational; he was rational
316

! .
i '
;";lj
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.exc~pt for these fits, before we ?ent him here to the Sanitarium; those fits that he had, that was the only trouble that he had. During the lucid hours, he was perfectly rational and knew what he was doing; whe;n he would have those fits, each spasm would ge:r+~rally last him,. before he got all right again, sometimes around fifteen minutes or twenty-maybe twenty~nve,_ and then after that he would be all ri~?>ht until another one would come on him; when he first began to have them he would be all right-he got up and worked a;bout home until another one _ca~e on him, and as they more frequently appeared, his mind hegan to grow weaker; I don't remember how long since he had a fit; he has had none since he returned home last March. When he_ returned home, he told me that the attendants here broke his nose, and he has. never told a]]_y other tale than what he has rehearsed before us here on the stand; about his nose being broken, in speaking to me~ in telling the story about his nose being broken,. at home, he told it practically as he has just now sworn it before the Committee; I declare I couldn't remember just the exact date when he did come here first;. it has been something like ~bout eleven years ago; I think he stayed here about two years the first time; I don't remember whether he stayed that long or not, I was p.retty small myself and don't remember so well; he has' been returned here to the Sanitarium, I think twice, making him ~orne here three different thnes ; the last time he had to be se:rit on occount of his men~ tal condition; after he had one of these fits he got weakmindeq, for a_ goo~ while, while he was at home, the first time he didn't complain of this mistreatment
317

I

:. i

that he had received at the Sanitarium; he didn't

::-::\1

say anything about it; I suppose it has been something like about eight years ago that he came back

I

here the last time;. his nose was all right then; my

mother and brother came down here, I reckon if

was in April this year, and as soon as he got back,

my brother told us about his nose being broken;

that's the first intimation my family had about it,

he never did write about it; while he was here,. he

wrote about once a month, sometimes it would be

maybe, two months before we would get a letter

from him. He hasn-'t had no trouble at all with any-

body since he went honie; 1 have seen him ha:Ve



0

0

those conVulsions many a time, when he has them,

he jUst goes right down; he is not a fussy man, in.:

clined to have quarrels with folks, he never had any:

f'usses at home before. he came to the Sanitarium;-

:rio trouble to get aiong with hiin at all, just as easy

as cim be; I consideied him dangerous to be at home when he had those~ spells; I considered hini

dangerous to be aromid the home when he ie:ft honie,

without somebody to wat.ch him, a1ld I was forc.ed to

bring him back he1~e ori account of his dangerous con~

clition; we didn't have anybody to help us watch

him; I considered him dangerous because he' didn 1t
0
know what he was doing-demented; he didn't come'

back of his own accord, we sent him back;. the last

time.





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J .. F. TAYLOR, Sworn, testified:
I live in Wilkinson county; I was an employee of the Georgia State .Sanitarium, as an attendant; the first hall that I was on wasP, P ward, where I stayed .. .about six weeks; my duties were such as cleaning up on the hall, keeping it straight in every way, making up beds and such as that, cleaning up, looking after the iirm:ates; none of the inmates on .that ward were mistreated while I was there; the Physician visi~ed
that ward once a day, along in the morning pm~t of
the day; Dr. Hunt was the doctor that was there when I was there; I. saw no more of the Physician until the next morning, after he had made his regular .I'ound in the morning part of the day; without there .was a special call for him to be there. I worked there twice, and was discharged the last time I worked there; I stayed t)}ere the last time something like a rhonth; what I was discharged for the last time I w.Js there_'.:.! was on the ward-was on two nights and three days in succession, and I asked Mr. Simpson the third night to be off, to go home, my wife was sick, and I told him that I wanted to get off to :go home on account of her beingsick, and when
i asked him he told me ''well,'' and I thought it
would be all right, and I told him that one of the other boys that was there would. be on for me, if it would be agreeable to him for me to go, mid I asked 'him and so he told me ''well'' and turned around and waJked off, and. I thought it would be all right for me to go, so I went, and next morning I came back early; about a quarter to twelve, Dr. Jones phoned Mr. Hemphill to tell me that I would have to stand
319

a :fine of $5.00 or lose my job; so I told him that I
couldn't stand a :fine because I didn '.t think it was
right and just to do that, I would rather lose the job than to pay it.
During my last :stay there of about a month, as an attendant, I never saw any patient mistreated, nor the attendants putting towels around their necks and choking them; Dr.. Swint was the Physician on my ward when I stayed there the last time. Dr. Swint came around to see the patients once a day, between ten and eleven o'clock in the morning; after he came around between ten and eleven o'clock in ihe morning, he wouldn't come back no more that day without he had a special call over there; it wouldn't take him very long to go through the wards, without he had a good deal of prescriptions to give for medicines; something like :five or ten minutes, just about that long, in each ward. He had two flo<;>rs-eight wards, and it woura' require about :fifty minutes for him to go through them all; I couldn't tell what he would be doing after that duri~g the next twenty-four :hours; I didn't see him any more after he made his regular visit in the morning, without he :had a special can there for some pa:tient or ot:her, which isn't so very often, sometimes probably in two months, and maybe longer than .that. I spent :five months there, lacking a few days, the :first time, and no Doctor was called into my ward on a special can dur~ng that time; taking it altogether, I C011ldn't tell how many days it would amount to, or hours that t:he Doctor stayed in there during my :five months' stay there as an attendant; I couldn't draw no idea
320
~~

how long it would be, because sometimes he would just walk through the hall and wouldn't be but just a few- minutes going through-well, just come in one end and go out the other. _Dr. Sv.'int didn't attend in my ward during that month; the last time I was there; no special calls ; his time was spent, only in walking through the ward every morning; I never seen one come through there only every morning; a patient there had to become very sick before these special calls were sent in. I had epileptics on my floor; no Physician was ever called in when one of these; epileptics fell down in a fit, that I know of, I never saw a Physician there attending to one when he-fell down in a fit, and I have seen quite a number of epileptics fall down in spasms; those epileptics were all right during the period between their fits; rational; there wasn't any signs of insanity among the biggest majority of them; when those Physicians came through of a morning, they didn't specially examine these epileptics; I have never seen them examine one at all; nor give one of them any medicine, only just what the attendants gave on the ward; the attendants done the issuing of the medicine, and not the Physician; the medicine was put on the ward by the Doctors and the attendants gave it according to the directions; ~ gave medicine while I was there, to patients, I have never had any experience in giving medicine to patients other than what I obtained out there at the Sanitarium; I had no knowledge of medicine when I went to the Sanitarium, nothing no more than- what I seen and learned by others handling - it, the Physicians left -the m~dicines entirely to the attendants, and the attendants gave it to the pa-
321
'.';
i
)'
!1-inY

tients according to directions. I never saw there, a man who had studied medicine, nor a professional nurse, as an attendant; I was just a common laborer; the first time that I worked there I got $16.65 a month, at that time my home was in Baldwin county, out near Stevens' Pottery, just a little way from here; I stayed there in the hall at night. Each ward had its own dining table, and the food was placed on that table and the inmates called in to their mealsi old and infirm men would get as much to eat as the stouter ones; it. was all issued to them on plates, and the same quantity would be put on all the plates for each one; those that weren't able to go in there and scramble and take it, what was there. for them, was canied to the hall for them, and they got it on 'the .halls that I stayed on, while I was there, the old and infirm ones got plenty to eat, as well as the rest of them that could get a'bout all right, I don't think there was any special attention paid that class
that t ever noticed, if there was I never knowed of
it; after all these patients got seated at the table, we went to a separate table and went to :ating, right opposite them, they all eat about the same time; there was a good many of them complained about not getting enough, and they claimed that what they did have, that they couldn't eat it, because it wasn't prepared properly for them as to whether the quantity was sufficient, in my opinion, to satisfy the 1mnger of these people; well, it just lays kinder between the appetite that a man has; sometime~ a man thinks he can eat a lot, but I should think, myself, that it . wasn'~ enough, that they ought to have had more, and another thing, it wasn't _prepared like it ought
322
-.,

to have been-wasn't cooked and fixed up like it ought to have been; I have seen a good portion of the meats that was half cooked, half done; the bread was very sorry, the corn bread they' had there wasn't no good at ali, some of it,-wasn 't cooked good, and then again it was cooked too much,-burned up_:_ such as that; and the vegetables that they had there, it was something like hog slop, is the best I can call it; it was more like hog slop than it was for folks' to eat; didn't have any coffee to amount to anything at all, coffee was mighty sorry; I eat in the same hall with them, but at different tables; the food that the attendants got was just about the same, no better than the common patients' food that they gave to the inmates, and the reason why I know that the food wasn't properly cooked and properly prepared and the quantity was insufficient was because I had to eat the very same kind.of food that they had; these patients have for breakfast biscuit, grits and beef hash and coffee, that was all they had while I was there; they had no steak nor cakes; I never hav~ seen any tea on the table for breakfast.
For an average dinner they had peas and beef and corn bread for dinner; didn't have no coffee; the quantity of corn bread each patient would have; there was small pones like that, oblong, and they would have mrywhere from one or two; I never heard any of the patients asking for more of anything to eat at the table; if a patient had asked for more of anything to to eat, the best I can say, they would . n_ot get it; the quantity of 'beef that each of the patients had given him was just a small piece, about
323

a couple of inches long and an inch and a half or two inches wide; boiled beef; they don't ever have any beef gravy that I know of; sometimes they have butter at supper' time, they don't have it all the time; they didn't ever have any butter ;milk that I have ever seen; they had sweet milk; didn't all of them have it regular, some of them, though, has it regular, twice a day; feeble patients got sweet milk every day, twice a day regularly; the attendants had sweet milk every day, twice a day, whenever they had it; it was there on the table.
For supper, the attendants. had.light bread and syrup; those patients for supper would have just El, slice cut off of a loaf of light bread; they w~mld .have nothing but light bread and syrup and milk; those that didn't get milk didn't have nothing but light bread and syrup and a little butter; they didn't have coffee for supper, they drank water if they drank anything.
The doctorS' didn't require me to give. written reports of the condition of the patients, nothing more than the reports that was already made out; if an epileptic had a fit during the night, or a spasm~ I wasn't required to report that next morning to the Physician in charge; I didn't report it when they would have fits; no attention was paid to a man after having a fit; as to how many fits I know of a. man having during the day or night in my ward, one patient; well, I don't know; I don't remember ever counting them; I have seen them, though, having as many as twenty, to my notice, and nobody took any notice of it at all; no report was made about it to the
82-t

Physician in . charge of the ward, when he came around next morning, and no treatment was given by the Physician next morning when he came to make his rounds through the ward.
The :first time I worked here, I wasn't discharged, I quit; within myself I just decided that I would try some other kind of work, and S'o I just quit; when discharged I was on hall three days and two nights in succession; they have every other night off, the attendant does, that is, the married men doeS', every other night, all night, and I was on the hall, like I say, three days and two nights in succes.sion, and I went to Mr. Simpson and asked him to be off the third night; I told him that I had got one of the boys to stay on for me if it would be agreeable to him for me to go home, that my wife was sick, and I w:anted to be off, and he told me ''all right,'' and turned around and walked off from me. I thought it would be all right for me to be off, so I went on home and stayed there with my wife-she was- sick -and next morning I came back early, and Doctor Jones telephoned down there for Mr. Hemphill to fine me $5.00 or I would be discharged, and I didn't .think it was just for them to :fine me and so I rather give up the job first, and that's the reason.why I was discharged; I saw Mr. Simpson next day after I was , discharged by Doctor Jones; he didn't give me any excuse or reason why he discharged me; from that discharge and my treatment by them while I was . there, I haven't any ill-will towards the Institution ~h(::lre, or the manageme_:nt of it; I haven't got anything against them at all, I ain't mad with anyone
3:?5

wasn't an attendant here when Dunnington was here; I didn't have anything to do with him or Pool.
W. L. HARGROVE, Sworn, testified:
I was not an attendant, I was employed here a good long while, though, as night watch; I was only here at night; I stayed here as night-watchman, something like eleven years; during that time I never saw any maltreatment or mistreatment or cruelty towards any of the patients; I never knew but one that was hurt; how, I couldn't tell you; I generally slept on one of the halls until breakfast, and I was in the room sha~ing, and I he~rd a racket and I saw a lot of patients down the hall-a whole crowd of them, and the attendants was all in the dining room :fixing breakfast; there was no attendant down there .at the time this patient was hurt; I didn't go down the hall; I run out in the hall with my razor in my hand, and I didn't know who ml.ght get it and .I went back in my room and locked thedoor, the attendants was all at the dining room, and he wasnt so badly hurt, and as far as I know, I was the :fir'st one of the attendants that gave the alarm; I didn't speak to them when I got down there; he wasn't hurt to amount to anything, I don't think, I don't think it amounted to anything; I am satisfied that he was hurt,by a patient, there. was not an attendant th~re that I know anyt_?ing about until I gave the alarm-I hollered for them, and I think if Dr. Powell kept a
474

administer it I understood it, and would administer the medicine to those who needed it, according to the directions on the bottle.
After he made his rounds, they just called up th~ Physician, if he was needed for any special case, and he would always come when he was called. I never saw any of the inmates fight; not on the ward I was; I never had to separate them. The blue rooms was there on my ward, but I never locked one up in the blue room, and never helped any other attendant lock one up; I never saw one locked up on my ward the whole time I was there; the first ward that I was on wasP ward, the second was T, and the third was vV; that's the first time I worked there; Dr. Hunt was the Physician in charge of those wards, and the last time, Dr. Swint was the Physician in charge, that was when I was on T ward, the whole time I was there; the attendants sleep in that building at night; on the halls, and are on duty from sun-up to nine o'clock at night; after nine o'clock at night, they are not at liberty to leave the building or grounds, they have to stay in the hall; when they go off. duty, the night-watchman takes their places, after nine o'clock; they have a night-watchman to each floor; one night-watchman looks after four halls. They require the patients to bathe once a week; I never seen a patient kick at having to take his bath. While I was there, I didn't have such an easy time, and in another sense of the word it was tolerably easy too; I didn't have no trouble with anybody. I never saw any of the patients being compelled to work, scour up the floors or anything like that; they did that work,
327

. . '')

saw a:r~y of the patients mistreated or maltreated by

any of the attendants here. I was here at the time

Mr. Pool was an inmate, he was on the next hall ad-

joining the one that I worked on; I have been in the

dining room with him and helped lock him up a good

many times; he was a very violent patient at times;

considered a dangerous patient; I never had nothing

to do with him unless they called on me to help lock

him up; I didn't hear of him having a fuss or dif-

:ficulty with attendant Hawkins; the general treat-

ment of the patients, when I was here, by the Phy-

I

sicians, couldn't have been any better, every atten-

t

tion possible was shown them; Doctor L. M. Jones

I
. ~

there was our Physician; I never saw a doctor in my life pay any closer attention to patients; I never

heard him speak short or harsh to the patients, he

isn't of that disposition, and I never did hear him

refuse to hear the complaints of the patients; the

food that they get, I should think was proper food

for the patients; it sometimes wasn't cooked, I don't

think, as well as it ought to have been cooked, but

we had plenty of such as it was; I say it

wasn't cooked as it should have been cooked, .be-

cause it was such quantities they coulcln 't cook it;

at times, I imow, it wasn't exactly done, some of the

meat; as a general thing, we got good meat, but the

rich and such as .that, vyould lump at times, I sup-

I I

pose it was done, but we had negro cooks and l

[' -

don't know whether they understood the business as

they should have done; I suppose they done the best

they could.

As well as I .can remember, it's' about.eight years

-476

man is taken sick, if he is going to have a spell of sickness' or anything like that, they are generally moved to the sick wards; in my ward, while I was there, there was some that was very sick, some one or t~o that died on the wards that I was on, on P ward, the :first ward that I was on there, the :first time; if anybody should take sick in the night I should think it would be the duty of the ni~ht-watch to call tlie Physician and not mine; I never did have to call one, I never did call one while I was there; nightwatches goes through the wards through- the night, after nine o'clock, their duties are just to look after the men, I reckon; after nine o'clock,- I had gone to bed and the nightwatch took my place; when the nightwatches come on duty and go through the wards, I am supposed to be off duty, and of course, if a patient should get sick then, I wouldn't have anything to do with calling the Physician, that would be the. nightwatch '.s place to do that; patients frequently. come out there and improve a good deal, build up and get fat, afte;r they have been there awhile; I know of a lot of them that did that, while I was out there; as to how I account for their getting fat, if the food is insufficient, I just suppose there was a lot of them that needed rest, something like that-run. down, lot of them get fat on the rest, and not on the food; as to whether they had a roll in addition to the biscuit, hash. and hominy for breakfast; I never did notice the rolls; I never did notice what they had to eat.. The :first time I worked out there some of them died on the wards; -I don't remember exactly how many, the attendants waited on them; as to how often the Doctors would
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treated or maltreated or treated cruelly in any way while I was an inmate here, the Doctors were always kind and attentive to the patients; speaking kind and treating them kind; I heard no abrupt language or abuse from the attendants to the patients; I have seen patients locked up; I was down on the first ward and there come a man in there, a mighty crazy man, and he :run around turning the 'tables over and things of that kind, and he was locked up, but he wasn't locked up from any spite of the nurses or anything of that kind, but just for his own protection, to keep him from hurting himself; I saw one or two get to fighting on the yard and they have to lock them up; I never saw them locked up because the attendant got mad at him or he refused to work for tlie attendant; I never did see them make a patient work; I shoved a mop sometimes, but I w.asn 't forced to do it, I did it of my own accord, 1 could have sat. clown, if I wanted to, I didn't have to do it.

vVhen they WeTe locked up, they Wel'e UnTuly or

violent, liable to hurt themselves or somebody else,

and that was why they weTe locked up,-to keep

them from hurting themselves or somebody else; I

never did see one mistreated while I was here, I

never saw a patient locked up that was behaving

himse1f; I neveT heard any attendant use any pro-

fanity towards the patients while I was a patient

here.



The articles.of food that I had for breakfast were . beef steak and grits, bread and coffee; we had Tice
and generally boiled meat and potatoes for dinner, and vegetables and such things when they .were in

47&

have been told is the fever. When a patient i.s critically sick, he isn't put under the charge of any on~ special attendant whose duty it is to give him the medicine and look after him specially; it's the attendants' duty on the halls, just no special one on the hall, but all of them on the hall looks after him, just any of us that might be there on the hall; there were three attendants on the hall that I was on; I disremember how many patients there was in all, the best that I remember of, the last time I was there, there was thirty-nine on the hall in all, on the hall I was on; the same attendant didn't give the medicine to the patients who had to take medicine, regularly, just any of them, any of them that was there on the hall gave it, sometimes there was one there and sometimes two there on the hall, and sometimes there was all of them there on the ha11.
Those people who died there, died in the day-time, in the hall that I was on at the Sanitarium, there was one that died in the morning, before the Doctor came around, before he came on the hall, and then there was one that died along in the afternoon, after the Doctor had been on the hall in the morning, when a patient dies there, the body was bathed and dressed, sometimes they sent them off to their homes, their native home, to their people to bury, and sometimes again they were buried out there; when they are buried on the grounds there, just any of the attendants attend the 'burial; they get so many of the attendants off of the halls or out of the buildings, to go to the graveyard, generally four, that's done by the white attendants, the burials out there; they
331

never have been ashamed of the Georgia State Sani-

:. .. ,..

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.....,

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tarium anywhere, or the manner in which it is con-

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ducted; the ability of the Physicians in charge com-

pares favorably with the Physicians in any Institu-

tion in the United States that I have ever visited.

I have had a great many epileptics, I have several; I find them usually a very disagreeable class of patients to deal with,-not all of them, but a great many of them; when they have a convulsion, it isn't necessary to go right to them every time; I have a patient jn my Institution-! don't say this boastingly~she is a hopeless epileptic, she has been with me twelve years, and I haven't seen her h~we but one epileptic, convulsion, she is in the building adjoining my residence, the convulsions come on and are over with,-I have seen her a few times in a dazed con-
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dition following it; I have an. attendant there; the only thing you can do is to keep her from harming herself in the convulsive action,-put a pillow undel' her head and let her lie still a few minutes, and that's the only treatment you can give any epileptic at those spasmodic moments; at some institutions; they do give chloroform at that time, but that's risky, and I never do advise it; thr.:l chloroform is to 'relax that, and the only one that can do that is a physician or the attendant, and I never risk it; it might lessen the violence of the convulsion, but. it wouldn't cure it, it would only lessen the violence of the muscular contraction; in these violent attacks, I do not believe the patient is cognizant of pain, they are totally unconscious.

I never have been connected with this Sanitarium

480

tendants, at the time he would come up, we would have locked up sometimes one and sometimes two, not over two, hardly ever; we wouldn't keep a patient locked up, before the Doctor came through, over a day, if he was locked up about nine o'clock or before, he was kept until the next morning; I never locked a patient up from illness, if it was necessary, and sometimes it would be, they would have to be locked up, they would get up difficulties between them, two patients would get mad between each other and go to fighting, something like that, and we would have to separate them, and sometimes his mind was so bad you would have to loci{ him up-he d~dn't know what he was doing; in the case of one whose mind was so. bad we would have to lock him up, 1 wouldn't notify the Doctor until he came through the next morning, that I had to lock him up, if he got along all right without it; I would be all over the ward, attending to my regular duties, but I would go back to his cell to see how he would be getting along; I couldn't say how many times I would go back thElre, because I don't know, but off and on, while I was on duty, to see how he would be doing. What I quit the .Sanitarium for, I just didn't like the work and decided I wouldn't stay; I got me another job and gave them the workman's notice and quit.
vVe had forty-eight on the ward when I left ther0. and it was my duty to see after them all; some of them we would have to put their clothes on them and some not; and some of them were in such condition we would have to dress them and wash them after their call of nature; after the call of nature,
333

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and considerably more of it; we are getting soup this week for one thing, and I don't like soup at all, and we are getting at dinner time a piece of wheat bread, that we didn't get last week; I don't know of anything, there might 'be something, but I don't recall it.

I don't know of any of the patients who have

been cruelly treated by being hurt or beat or kicked

by the attendants over there, on my ward; I have

been in the lock-up; I was treated fairly good in

there; I wasn't fed in there properly; I'll tell you

something, if you'll. let me-l attempted to run

away, in Doctor Powell's time, and I had to go to

the wire~guard, and I stayed there ,~hat afternoon

and night and stayed there all the next day and the

next morning I was turned out; sure I got proper

food in there, and I had a bed in there to sleep on;

everything was all right, but I was locked in there

and couldn't reach the things that I wanted. I

worked over there on the hall sometimes, required

to do it by the attendants; I do it voluntarily, but

still they say something to cause me to do it, too;

they tried to tlll'eaten me in remarking, that if I

didn't work I had better do it; something of that

sort, giving me to understand that work is the best

for me, or that punishment would be inflicted on me,

if I didn't perform the work; as to whether I have

seen punishment inflicted on any of them who didn't

perform the work over there; well,' that's a difficult

question, I want to tell you the truth, and I don't

':'ant to vary from the truth, sir; I think I have

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seen them, I wouldn't say positively, but I think T

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when they were sick; I reported to the Physician in charge of the ward e_ach epileptic who had a spasm, and kept a chart of that, in writing, every day

there was a daily report made out, sometimes I made

it out and some other times, some of the other at-

tendants made them out; the next day after that

1eport was made out, the Doctor would go to each

epileptic that had a fit; we didn't have but two on

our ward. I ate in the same dining room with the

general patients; I didn't eat at the same table, just

four ate at my table; these patients, for breakfast,

had beef and grits-they call them hominy, some

people call it that-coffee and biscuits_, light bread

I
1

or tolls, whatever you might call them; sometimes

i

they had fish, sometimes they had a little gravy and

.meat, sometimes it was fried beef, sometimes boiled,

generally fried for breakfast; they had hash, a;nd

sometimes boiled beef. So far as how it was cooked,

and what was in it; I couldn't. tell you, because I

didn't see it cooked, you lmow, I, didn't see it fixed,

it looked like it was very nicely fixed, as' nice as

could have been. done, I ate it; I didn't eat all the

time; I eat three times a clay, there, I expect. I would

have eat all the time if I had it. As to how the pa-

tients got their meals, they were all turned loose out

of the ward; we had some that was disabled to go

to the dining room; we sat them all down at the same

table, the general rule was always that the attendants

had to see that the patients was all seated and all

had their meals and everything, and then, of course,

they sat down; you was right there where you could

- see, you know, and _watch them; of course; .we ate

while ~hey were eating. I think the quantity of food

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satisfied there's Jim Tucker in his soul, and he's liable to approach others in the same way; that has got nothing at all to do with the Sanitarium, but still it has, in this way,-I have been here three years, and I should be discharged, and I can't get no lurlough even.
I don't know Phillips has syphilis, they just told me, Phillips himself did; Ed Eason, a patient on the hall, says he l1asn 't had treatment, I never heard . Doctor Yarbroug~h say he didn't get treatment.
B. G. C1\..IMP, Sworn, testified:
I was brought here the 10th day of August, as an inmate; I haven't received any mistreatment in any way since I have been here, by the attendants, I have by the patients, though; when I was mistreated by the patients, the attendants might have
gone to my assistance if I ha'Cllet them know it, but
I'll tell you exactly how it was-I wouldn't state a lie for the world, I'm a minister, have been preaching thirty years, I wouldn't do it to save my neck, because if I did I couldn't get to the Kingdom, and that would be contrary to my God; a fellow named John Smith, it seems-he's not entitled to choke people, he has choked a heap of them since he has been there, though,-he was choking a fellow, had a suspender, brought a suspender around his neck, and had drawed it, and twisting it, and I went up, and of course, I couldn't see that going on and simply
484

tient with a towel, wrap a towel around the patient's neck and twist it; I didn't see any of them ducked with their heads in the bath tu,b under the water. I don't lmow either Pool or Dunnington, I wasn't acquainted with either one of the gentlemen; I think there was two inmates that died during the time I was there, there was one taken from our ward to what they called the Infirmary or sick ward, and died down there shortly after being taken down there; there was one that died there on the ward; he wasn't an: old man, the Doctor said it was heart trouble, he liadri 't been sick any length of time before he died; he died in the day time; he }1adn 't been on the ward no great while, I don't suppose he had been there over three weeks, just about that long; during that three weeks, as he came through the wards, the Doctor: stopped and examined hirri specially every day; he would spend with him sometimes five, ten or fifteen minutes, I don't suppose it was over fifteen; some days he wouldn't make a thorough examination of him, but then he would stop arid, see him and see about him; I don't know exactly how often Doctor Jones come around, he passed through there occasionally, I reckon sometimes he passed through when I wasn't there, and sometimes I was there when he came through; I couldn't say how often in a year, but he came through several times while I was there, I don't know how often he did come through. None of the inmates of that institution were ever locked up and forbidden the use of the yards, anything of that S'ort, while I was there, for mis-conduct, that- I know of; sorrie of the inmates that were convalescent enough to go didn't go
337

ing to go on the yard and I told him ''John Smith says he's going to beat hell out of me nex~ time he gets a chance, and I know he will do it, the way he's been doing others," and he says "you've got to go,~' and I says "I;m not going to do it, Mr. Babb and my arm being nearly broken and this shoulder too;'' "Oh," he-says, "I'll make you go," and I says "you might make me,'' and he told the two attendants to make me, and they started to drag me,-I had sat clown and they taken me by one hand each, Mr. Ro'berts and Mr. Babb, dragged me a'bout two or three feet, and Mr. Babb then says "just wait until the Doctor comes on, Doctor Green, and if he says for him to go, there will be a part of him to go anyho~,'' and' Doctor Green came, and he said I could stay in, I told him I didn't want to go because I didn't want any trouble with Smith; there was no 9ther c:J;'uel treatment.

I have been fed povv:erfully poorly, gentlemen, I'll take the penitentiary before that place,-I told

you that in a letter I wrote you,-here's the amount of bread that I had before the report was made that the Committee was coming, of course, it is dried up

a little, a little bit cut off that encl,-not enough for .

a chicken to eat; that's all I had for dinner, I'll swear it, if my. head was to be cut off; that was directly after I came here, before it was reported that the Investigati~g Committee was coming, when

they found the Investigating Committee were coming, they began to impro:ve, little by little, until we

are getting twice as much, we are not getting enough

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now, and we beg for something to eat; I don't al-

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for my own use. I don't know as I ever saw any coca-cola out there, I never bought any; I don't lmow how many times I went there to where those thingS' were sold, every time I went down stairs .there, it was down on the bottom floor-I don't know how many times I went there; I don't remember that I ever saw anybody drinking coca-cola down there; I haven't any idea what knowledge Dr. Jones had, if any, that that was being sold there, I never saw Dr. Jones down there at the commissary; I saw Dr. Green not right in the store, but might say right at ]t; I should think Dr. Green knew of the existence of that store there; as to whether that store was kept for the benefit of the inmates, I suppose it was for them or for anybody that was employed there, I suppose anybody that wanted anything liRe that, they could get it, I reckon, it was just one of the patients' rooms, rooms built there for patients, on B ward; it was there when I went to work for the Institution. Nothing else is kept in there, that I know of, they might have kept the brooms or mops, such as that, what they used, I couldn't say; I never paid any close attention to it, I don't know. I shouldn't think lt was considered necessary to call a Physician every time a patient had a convulsion; sometimes it wouldn't last them more than ten or fifteen minutes, and, of course, if any of the attendants was close by, they assisted them in any way they could, and stayed with them until theygot all right; if there was anyone that was going to be sick, looked as if they needed a Physician, I would call him, ~ut just an ordinary fit, I wouldn't consider it necessary to call a PhysiCian. My post office address is Milledgeville, Route
339

ways eat all tliat 's put on. my plate, ~ometimes, you know, I feel a little sick, but when I have got an appetite, I eat it all, and I ain't got half enough; that's the kind of bread I had for my dinner, and that's all I had, we receive better attention since it has been lmown that this Committee was coming, ancl there's going to be hell on earth unless something is clone for it, because. they have lots of them swore lies.
Mr. Roberts, an attendant, said they WQuld make it hot for me if I swore anything on him, I heard him say that, he is my attendant; Roberts has mistreated me, I'm going to show you what he did, and the attention he gave me, I had mighty bad health for years, and I took to drinking hot water, and I :find it is a great benefit, and it's the greatest thing in the world to arink. all you can of boiled water every morning,-better than any medicine in the world, and ifyou drink plenty of it, it will clean you out,boil you out,-just let nature take it's course; and I wanted to get some hot water one mo~ning, and M-r. Roberts waS' in there in the bath room, and he had no occasion to shove me out,~he says "what you want in here~" "I want some hot water," and he shoved me right out, and says "you've got no business here," and locked the door, and I sat down and 4e gave me a sum to work,~says 2% by 21j2 , and a:sked me what it would make, and I studied about it for awhile and says "you can't make anything els'e out of it but six and a quarter of it, and he says "ain't but :five;" well, I says, "Mr. Roberts, it's
obliged to be 6~1, '' 1 says, ''twice two and a half is
:five, and there a one-half of one-half, there's an-
487

:firm ladies there to look after; those that were old

an:d infirm, and that were barely able to get to. the

table, I had to see that they had proper attention
in there at the table. I ate the same dining room

with those patients, we waited on the patients, and

then we ate; we luid the same food as the patients

had, nothing extra; Dr: Yarbrough was in charge in

my ward; he visited my ward daily, in the morning,

and after that he would come whenever we needed

him; his regular visits were every morning; he would

spend in that ward, as a general thing, ten, fifteen

minutes, or thirty, just as long as it was necessary

for him to be there. We had epileptics in my ward;

we made a written report to him every day, as to

the condition of those epileptics that were there;

when those epileptics would have spasms, we would

call the Physician in to them; we didn't call him

every time, he would give us orders what to do for

them and we would do it; we would only call the

Physician when they would inflict some kind of in-

jury upon themselves, in falling, or something like

that; we reported the ract of the patient having had

a spasm to the Doctor next morning when he came

around to m:ake his visits, and he always went to see

the patient. I did not see any cruelty inflicted upon

any of the patients in any way, while I was a nurse

at the Sanitarium; I never saw a patient struck by

an attendant or choked or. treated violently by a

nurse; I have placed one in what's c~lled the blue

room, becamre they would be so violent, you know,

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you would have to do it, the blue room is a place

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of imprisonment \tliait they have there; when we

would put them in that blue room, we would keep

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let me see you about things going on here,'' and they wouldn't do it, and I wrote them another of six pages and says ''please let me S'ee you about things going on here,'' and I says ''please return my letters. if you won't do .anything,'' so I was going to show them to you Committee gentlemen.
Q. Did you ever see Doctor Green treating those patients for syphilis and gonorrhma 7
A. He has got a kind of medicine that he gives them for it.
Q. Have you ever seen him treat them 7
A. He never treats no one, he gives them no medicine, even, nothing for that.
Q. Have you ever seen a patient treat them~
A. Yes, sir.
Q. How do they treat them 7
A. I don't know nothing about them things.
Q. Have you ever seen them injecting anything . in their penis 7
A. No, sir; bt they give them ointment and salve and medicine to rub on those places; they have got . sores on them, badly, and they make me wash in the same ~ub, in the same water sometimes; I wouldn't have that, gentlemen, for a tho~sand dollars-I don't know w.hat it is, but I tell you that fellow's penis is plumb eat out.
- -,. Babb is the name- of that attendant that's in charge of me, he is the head rrian, Roberts is- the as-.;
489;

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self, to any of the patients there on my ward, all

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of the attention and administering of the medicines

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that the patients had there, was given through the

nurses; at times those patients were hard to con-

trol, on :my ward, they were violent; when you would

have to put one of them in that blue room, that

prison room, as to how long you would have to keep

those individuals in that room before you would

turn them out again; sometimes you would have to

keep them in there longer at times than you would

at other times; those patients on my ward, helped

to sweep and sew, but they were not forced or in-

timidated in any manner, to perform that duty, they

sometimes refused to do it, and were treated as

kindly afterwards as those that worked; I live on the

Prison Farm, my father is a guard there; oc-

cupies one of the buildings there; the Prison

Farm has no connection with the State Sanitarium;

Dr. Jones has no connection with it. Neither the

Physicians nor the attendants treated any of them

unkindly that I ever saw, the whole time I was there.

The patients, some of them, at times would become

so violent that it would be necessary to confine them,

and we used just such force as was necessary to put

them in, without abusing them in any way. I didn't

mean to say that I was required to furnish any writ-

ten reports about the epileptics; it isn't expected. for

the Doctors to go on the wards and nurse the pa-

tients, but it is expected for the Doctors to examine

the patients and write out prescriptions and give

directions to the nurses and the nurses carry out the

directions of the PHysicians, and the nurses carry out

the Doctors' directions, and the Doctors don't have

343

clothes on, I waS' perfectly naked, they just tried to .freeze me to death; there was no bed there nor nothing for me to sleep on, and I sta:yed on the floor and stretohed out that way and I lmowed they were gonig to try to freeze me to death, and I kept close to the door and had to get up and rub my feet, and I would rub as far as I could; Mr. .Simpson took all my clothes off when he put me in there that night, I didn't ask him why he took them off, I didn't say nothing to him because I knew he would kill me if I did, that's the way they did, I have heard them overhead here, and in them rooms, kick them down forty times,-kick their feet from under them, just let them fall anyway; gentlemen, I'll tell you this is the terriblest thing in the world you ever heard of, -I have saw them crawling and their knees and ankles cut plumb to the bone and so they couldn't walk, and I would ask them what done it, and they would cry .and say "I have been kicked down so that I couldn't walk, that's what done it;'' that's been in the Green Building, eight years ago, they kicked that poor fellow up there that way forty times, I reckon, -''God damn you, get out from there, God damn you get up, sir;'' the management is a good deal bet-
ter now than it was eight years ago. T'he inmate . that I said had the syphilis, is here yet, his name is
Johnson, I don't know his given name, he's on the sick ward now.
I had to come back here because Harvey Vandiver 'Choked me on Broad S:treet, at Rome, they treated me, if anything, worse at home than they did here, I told you that soon after I came here-that they treated me worse at home than they did here.
492

received every kind of attention that was necessary for a child, they had good attention. I didn't have any occasion to be on the other wards, I know nothing about any other ward, never was on any. I got $12.50 a month wages, and board and lodging. Of a night, when I would go to bed, the night watch attended to them after they went on duty, they were con~tantly on duty there, the night watch was a gentleman. There wasn't anything but boys where I stayed with my brother-in-law and his wife. while I was there, I didn't hear any complaint whatever as to mistreatmeNt of any of those children. I did not hear any talk as to the moral standing of the nurses, nothing detrimental to them in any way. My brother-in-law was in charge of the hall-the chilc1ren 's ward, he is still in the employ of the State Sanitarium; my husband is now in the employ of the Sanitarium; he's in the hospital-works with the chickens, in the poultry business ; they pay him $25.00 a month, if I make no mistake.
MRS. BESSIE TOLLISON, Sworn, testified:
I was an employee of the Georgia State Sanitarium just two days, don't know much about it; didn't even know the buildings out there; I just left of my own accord, because I was sick, and I didn't think my health would suit to work out there; I have rheumatism and I can't stand to scrub-anything of that kind. I haven't any relatives employed out there at

has been a customer of ours, and he has always made an exceptional record; he is as modest and quiet and retiring as a woman, is the impi'ession he has always left on my mind. I am in the banking busin_ess,I practice law myself, also.
At this point, a recess was ta1ken by the Committee until 1 :30 o'clock, p. m.

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;JTI. H. WILLETT, Sworn, testified:
I have been .an inmate of this Institution for twenty-two years; I was mistreated under Doctor Powell; r-aon't know really whether I have any authority to make that statement or not, but I was choked by a man named Fred Batson__;he jumped on me and dragged me out of my room about forty feet, for no cause; he was head attendant on the ward where I was-B ward; that's been three years ago, before Dr. Jones became Superintendent; I reported it to Dr. Powell, and he never paid any attention to it; Dr. Edgar Hunt was my attending physician at that time. I reported that occurrence to him, and he said he believed my sta:tement to be true; I hadn't done anything to that a:ttendant to make him choke me, I was just sitting in my room reading and he jumped on me, pulled me out of my room, drag_ged me out of my room and choked me every step of the way.
I have been mistreated by another person in the
Institution, by a man named vV. C. Humphreys, that
494

upon an:y of those inmates there by anybody; I saw

some put in the blue-room; we would just carry them

to the room when they were so violent, you had to

take them and hold them and take them to the room

there; s-ometimes it would take three or four of us

to take them to the room, sometimes two, sometimes

three and then sometimes it would take four of us

to control them; in taking them to the room, we would

n_ever hurt any of them. I ate in the same dining

room with my patients. They got right good food,

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had plenty to eat, and it was prepared all right; it

!.

was sufficient for those people there, in my opinion;

l

the table the attendants or nurses ate at, was separate

from the one at which the patients ate, we ate the

same food that the patients ate; none of the nurses

ever grumbled about the way the food was prepared,

that I know of; the nurses didn't have any greater

quantity of food individually than each individual

patient had; the dining room girl would divide that food up ~mel make the allowance to each patient;

she wouldn't lmow which plates wa:s going on the

nurses' 'tables and which on_ the patients' table, when

they made it up; the nurses separated the different

plates up, in the dining room; the nurse would take

charge of the food and put so many plates on

the nurses' table, and so many plates on .the

patients' table; the same amount of food was- con-

tained in one plate that the nurses got that was con-

tained in the plate the patient got, and the -same

quality of food; I don't think it could be any better;

I thought it was perfection; I don't know anything

about cooking. I stayed on several wards before I

left there. None of the patients gave me any money

347
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W. C. O'BYRNE, Sworn, testified:
I have been an inmate of the Georgia State Sanitarium since April, 1906; as to cruel treatment inflicted upon me, while a patient, there's one case, I don't think Doctor Jones has heard about it,-Jim Shirley, attendant on Reception Hall B,-I can't tell you the exact date, but I wrote Doctor Green about it the next morning after it happened, it happened on a Saturday. Mr. Hall, from Columbus, received a box from home, and there was some cake in that box, which he offered to give me; next day was Sunday, .and he says "come on, now, and I'll give you that cake,'' and I says'' all right,'' and he says ''no, I can't get it because Shirley has' got it locked up," and just as I was going up the steps with the attendant, he says, ''wait a minute, I see Shirley coming out now;'' he was coming out of the dining room; of course, we had no right down there except to go to meals; Shirley came up the steps, and he had been pretty nice to me before that, very kind, and he came up to me and walked up the step,-I was on the landing, half way up, but I had permission from the attendant with me to wait on the landing to get the cake; but Shirley, instead of going to B hall, came . up the ::;teps and before he got to me, says ''get up those S'teps," and he cussed me a son of a bitch three or four times, and I have witnesses to prove it, and kicked me no less than twenty-five or thirty times; I was sitting down and thought he was in fun, he never had treated me that way, he was a very nice fellow, and I felt very kindly towards him, but if he kicked me once he kicked me twenty-five or thirty
49G

seen her when she liad those wild spells, but I was never on the halls when she was that way-only just passed through and saw her. I don't know Miss Sallie Burns. I don't mea.a.to convey the idea that the food was placed on the nurses' table and dished out, a certain amount, like it was for the patients, it is put there in plates and all help themselves, like you 'do at home, but it was the same kind o.f food. I didn't mean to say it was dished out like it was for the patients.
. .
I: A. GIDDENS, Sworn, testified:
I have been an employee of the Georgia State Sanitarium. I came there January 8th, 1908, and left the middle of the summer of 1909; I stayed there about eighteen months; I was a nurse in the Infirmary awhile; and then I was at the Pathological Laboratory; I was there as a nurse on the Infirmary ward about ten or eleven months, I believe; my duty as an attendant on the Infirmary ward was to look after the patients _in general, to 'see that the place was kept clean and in order, and adminis~er their medicine. All the sick ones are kept down there, when they get very low they are moved down there; Dr. Green and Dr. Swint are the Physicians in charge of that Infirmary ward; as to how many patients, on an average, was kept on that Infirmary ward, it _run from ten to eighteen, on an average-twelve to fifteen, I guess. Dr. Green's regular visits was every
349

Mr. O'Byrne," and I says "you mean to make me out a liar?'' ''I don't care to say anything more to
you at all.'' i don't think Doctor Jones knew any-
thing about it; did you, Doctor?
Doctor Jones: No sir.
The Witness: Did you ever know that. they put me in a strong dress?
Doctor Jones : No sir, I knew you tore up all your clothes, everything that they put on you, but I didn't know about that part of it.
vV. T. KELLEY, Sworn, testified:
I have been an inmate here since the latter part of January of last year; since my entrance here I have not been misheated by any of the officers or attendants employed here, they have, without ex. ception, treated me nicely, the Doctors have shown me the proper care and attention always, the food I have been furni~hed was sufficient and wholesome, I have no material complaill't to make about any of the management of tl1e Institution; of course, circumstances anjwhere could be improved,-the food could be better here, but whether it could be better with the appropriation they get, I am not prepared to say; the food is sufficient in quantity, I suppose it iS' prepared as well as it could be, being prepared in quantities like it is; now tihe meat that we have here
498

go there except the two that '1s in charge of the Infirmary, Green and Dr. Swint, we had Physicians th~re, I think in a few cases, where t11ey moved cases over there; possibly, for an operation, they would visit theil' own patients, you know, that they would have moved over there; I never saw Dr. Jones with his whole corps of Physicians, all of them, holding an examination of a patient that was sick unto death in that Infirmary; I have seen him with one or more, sometimes-I'm not positive about that; the treatment is only by the special Physician that sends the patient over there to that ward, each one takes care of his own patients. I have seen Dr. Swint call Green in to see his patients, and Dr. Green call Swint in to see his if they are about to die; I don't believe I have ever seen Dr. Yarbrough over there in consultation with Green and Swint. I have seen Dr. Walker, I have seen Little there on operative cases. As a general thing, though, there are only these two Physicians there when those patients were treated and died over there.
As to what kind of education or instructions I have ever had in regard to medicine, I have been in hospital worl{ about five years; I finished up in the school in Washington-the Army General School, before I came here-had three years' lectures; I have been a nurse about four years. I am now in the furniture business; I'm not a doctor. 1 was not discharged from,the employment of the St!-nitarium, I quit of my own accord; I worked in the Laboratory, I sup- -pose, six or seven months. As to whether during my stay there at the Sanitarium, in this Infirmary,
351
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was, the greater part of his time, on the T'win Building, and I was on the Convalescent Building; the first time my attention was ever attracted to Mr. Dunnington was at the dance, one afternoon, when he was removed from the dance, I don't know for what reason, but in the middle of the dance there was an interruption, the music stopped and there was a commotion at the other end of the hall, and in a few moments I saw two attendants carry Mr. Dunnington out of the hall,-he wasn't resisting, but appeared rather to be protesting; one had him by each arm, and were taking him out of the hall. It frequently happens that a person is removed from the dance hall or chapel for some physical ailment,-he has a fit of some kind and is carried out; but I saw that he was apparently carried out under protest, and that S'ometimes happens for disorder or misconduct, but whether he had done anything, I don't know, but he was being removed. I didn't see Ml'. Dunnington any more; I inquired what his name was,-that's the wa:y I found out who he was,-I inquired who he was, and learned he had been guilty of some misconduct at a dance; after a month or two, he came up to this building, and I saw him on the yard; of my own knowledge, I never saw any mis.conduct on his part, but I heard several things related about that, if you care for me to go into those. I know that while he was here, he came out in the yard every day, and I was on the yard with him every day, and he wasn't discourteously treated during that time, so far as I saw, and I was within fifty yards of him all the time, and would have noticed any improper treatment of him.
500

smoking tobacco, sometimes cheroots, canned goods, chewing gum, ca:n,dies, and things like that. Mr. Simpson is the Assistant SuperviS'or, or was then; this room or store department that he had there, was in a building belonging to the State, the room he. was supposed to sleep in when he was there; he bought h:rs goods that he kept in there from the wholesale people here in Milledgeville, I suppose, I have se~n S'ome of the Milledgeville drummers calling on him, talking to him; he ran a general store department over there in a very small way; he didn't have but a very few goods, a man could carry them all away, I suppose, at one time, but a general line of just a. few different articles; I don't remember seeing any canvas hams; he kept canned goods, fruits and t~baccos; I never 'Saw him sell any coca-cola, never saw any there at all, nor any whiskey; I don't know of whiskey being S'old there at the Sanitarium anywhere; I never did smell whiskey on any of the attendants or employees there on the place, nor see anyone that I thought was under the influence of liquor; I don't recollect any just now. I know Dunnington by reputation and some of the work that he has done there; I remember a finger that I dressed for about a month or two, that he bit off of a pa.tient by the name of Mann, I believe, his finger was bit off, and it was generally supposed Dunnington did it; the man said that Dunnington bit it off.
This little S'tore that was run there by Mr. Simpson, you would have to kinde;r catch some one in there, if you happened to see Mr. Simpson passing there, you could get something, or some of the nurses there, they would go in and give you what you
353
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sleep, so that the light shone under hi.s door or through the- key-hole into his eyes, so that it was impossible for him to go to sleep; and every time he saw the Doctor after that he would tackle him about it,--:wanted something done about it, and Doctor Yar'br'ough told him he had investigated the matter and found it impossible for that light to be in the position Mr. Vickers claimed it was, and Mr. Vickers used some very uncalled-for language, so I thought, -told the Doctor he was a cla;mnedliar, and instead of knocking him d0wn, Doctor tried to pacify him,- let him stay out in the yard; the tn1th of the matter is Vickers had a grudge against J~m Gillman, because he moved him off the hall because of a scrape h:e got into with one of the patients. I have no com- plaint to make against the Institution.
H. B. MEDLOCK, Sworn, testified:
EXAlVIINATION BY REPRESENTATIVE BAKER.
I came here as an inmate along a:bout the 28th of January, 1906; I have been mistreated since I have b~en here by Ross McCullough, when they put the feet on my head and held me down, well, Mr. McCullough choked me; I was hollering at the time, had done nothing only hollering, because I was sick and suffering from pain; they put me in the r?om then. I went to the Doctor that morning and asked him to prescribe some medicine and he told me he couldn't do nothing for me, and I got to suffering so much I
502

allthe patients in the building, and also did the examination, both foecal and urine, too, in all the cases being admitted to the Institution; during a serious sickness they made microscopic examinations, just as soon as a Physician would report the fact that he wante(!. an examination made, we would make it immediately, microscopic examination of blood and so on.

I left the Sanitarium because it didn't pay enough, I c~uldn 't afford to stay there for what they paid,,
I liked your work, and if I had got sufficient pay i
would have stayed-there; everything was perfectly satisfactory.. These people I spoke about, having
to be put in the blue-room, were convalescent, they were not seriously sick, they were improving, patients that had gotten well enough to be convalescent
-such as needed to be put up sometimes.

Mr. Simpson's store is worth, just a rough estimate, I suppose, fifteen or twenty dollars, maybe; I don't know how often he supplies that store with goods; I don't. know whether he does supply fifteen: or twenty dollars' a week there; I think he brings down a little. stock_:_he gets up orders, a lot of dif..: ferent patients order stuff and he will buy it and. bring it out when he comes in there, he sells to the patients at the usual prices; he makes a percentage, no doubt; as to whether he is or isn't on the work of the Sanitarium when he is up here buying goods, I don't know about that,. but he has some time off, you: know; I don't know where he buys his goods at that he sells in his little store there at the Institution; I don't know whether the- authorities out there at the

' :

355 .

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Siince I came back from the T'win Building I have been ti~eated all right, I have got no complaint to

make, but I was in bad shape when I came back from

the Twin Building, sir, I can tell you that; this year

is what I am speaking about; and in the last two

years, my health has been in very bad shape, and

I got Doctor J.ones to move me back to the T1win

Building, so that I could get medical treatment, be-

cause Dr. Little wouldn't come and give me medical

treatment, and I tried to get him in there, I tried to

get him and he wouldn't do it; one time him- and me

had a talk in the room there, and he said something

about me going to the T'win Building, and I said no,

if I have got to die I might just as well stay here

and die, and he says ''I '11 give you somethng to give

you relief," and I sent to town mid got it right away,

.''
'.. :

~~

this' was a friend of mine, Mr. Griffin, and he just

brought it and handed it to me; I was in the front

yard when he handed that medicine to me, and I put

it in my pocket and carried it to my room and used

it according to directions; that m.edicine I sent for

was alkalithia, it helped me; how came I to lmow

about it, I had a young man friend of mine, he said

he had one of the best doctors in Atlanta prescribe

it for him, and I sent and got it to try it; after I had

taken two 'bottles of it, the Doctors found out I had

it, and they took it away from me,-wouldn't let me.

have it,-Doctor Whitaker lmew that I had it,-gave

me a dose twice, it contained five grains Of iodide of

. potash, five grains of lithia and some bismuth and

pepsm.

Iwas mistreated by Mr. Osborne in 1907, best of
504

some of them wouldn't shake hands with him at all; Dr. Green was kind and pleasant towards the patients; he was just as good and kind as he could becouldn't be any kinder to anybody; I didn't see any maltreatment from any source to any of the patients during my stay there at the Sanitarium; I didn't see anyone choked with a towel put around his neck; I didn't see anyone ducked; I put one or two in the blue-room, but not aS' a punishment; I can;ied one up out of the yard for :fighting the other patientshad to do something with him that way; he was :fighting and violent, and yo1i. had to do something like that with them when they got that way; I have seen some cruelty by th~ :patients towards each other, abusing each other, and I would have to separate them;. none though without the attendants interfering; we would go as quick as possible to get them . separated, and some of them we would have to lock up, that way, they was so bad-lock them up and keep them maybe an hour or two; of course, we would make out reports and send it to Mr. Simpson or carry it ourselves as quick as we could get chance.
All the money that I seen came there to a patient, cowe in a registered letter, and we sent that to Mr~ Simpson, Mr. Sam Simpson.
We would give them paper every vVednesday
morning, I think, or Thursday morning, one of the two, and they would write their letters and bring them to us, and when Dr. Green came through on hiS' rounds the next morning, we would give them to _ him, and he would carry them to Dr. Jones' office, over there in the Center Building; the patients
357
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on account of Mr. Fluery, he said that I was fighting him, which I wasn't, I didn't know 'anything about fighting at him. He told me to go down there and get a rag and wipe up some nastiness, and I told him that it wasn't my business to go and get a rag and wipe up that stuff, and he says "you are put"here to work,'~ and I says. "No, sir, I'm not, I'm not put here to work," and he slapped me in the wire-gumd, and when Doctor Green came through he told him I w:as fighting him, and Dr. Green told him it was allright, and went on and never paid no attention to me at all, and he kept me two clays in there. I have at times had fights with the patients on the ward that I was in. I had one fight with a fellow by the name of vVilliamson, I didn't have any fight with a fellow named Clark,-I didn't know a fellow named that. I never saw a patient mistreated.
I
They don't give us good food, nothing extra, but I never complain of it; I leave there sometimes hungry, I get mostly enough, but there's others that don't, because they are so crazy they don't ask for it, and I have saw S'ome that have asked for it and been kicked back to their plate, and if they said anything about it, they were carried back to the room, the blue room; they would kick them just because they asked them for something to eat, a hard kick, the attendant did that. I have known other patients being put in the blue ropm for not worki:pg; that's a regular duty over tp.ere,-if you don't work they force it on you; they have got the keys on you, and Mr. Fluery told me, he says, ''damn you, you are sent here to wol'lc '' I have many times heard the
506

-not aS' good as it could be cooked, the quantity

given each one of those patients was sufficient, in my

opinion, for a lot of them, and a lot it wasn't; I

reckon we got a little more than they got, because

our's wasn't dished out to uS', our's was put on a

plate and we helped ourselves to as much of it as

we wanted; we have to allowance the patients, a

whole lot of them, you know, if we didn't they would

eat enough to kill them; some of them sometimes

wouldn't eat a mouthful; there was always sufficient

food given to the patients, to appease the hunger of

those people; I can't say that it was prepared prop-

erly, because it was steamed; now, the hash that they

had, it was all right, but that beef, roast beef and

stew beef, I don't think it was just right, of course,

._... . f:-.

it was done~you might call it a good food for a

:~_{i~~;;

heap of people, but I didn't like it myself; them that

couldn't eat such as that-I didn't myself-I gave

them sweet milk and go somewheres around there

and get some eggs for them fever ones, our fever

patients-we would make out a report every night

and then Mr. Simpson would tell us what to get for

them to eat special for them to have to eat-you

imow, they couldn't eat just anything, and they had

to have something like that; the general supervis'Or

in control of the cooking department there, t-o see

what kind of food was cooked, and it was cooked.

I don't know him, they call him chief (chef) around

there-goes around to the kitchen, you know, he's

a white man; I don't know his name, I never stayed

there long enough to know many of their names. I've

got a big family and I couldn't live there on the

359

My attendants knew that I was going to swear before this Committee, and they have been down on me for a couple of days since you all have been here, they didn't make any threats in regard to how I swore, one of them told me-he didn't tell me, he told another fellow that it wouldn't be worth a damn, no way, what I told,~wouldn 't be worth a damnthat was Mr. Finery; I didn't hear him tell him that at all. I got into a :fight with Mr. Oamp; I clop. 't lmow wl1at age man he is, pretty old, though; I'll tell you how it was, we was going to the yard, and him and a fellow by the name of Crawford, and three epileptics and me-I don't lmow whether he is epileptic or not, but I don't think he is,-I went to the yard, and they had it in for me and jumped on me, and I knocked them off,-three of them jumped on me. I am not an epileptic. I don't know how many :fights I have been in since I have been here; I haven't had nary one in about :five months, about that long; I had a :fight or mix-up with Mr. Camp; I don't lmow, but he ::mys he got hurt, I didn't kick him, but he says I did. The attendants I have seen kicking people around here, are Mr. F'luery and Roy McKinley;McKinley was discharged, I reckon, some of them says he was, for whipping a patient; I think that's all I know of"ldcking patients.
C. W. JONES, Sworn, testified:
I am an inmate of this Sanitarium; have been here seven years ; I couldn't say I have been mis-
508

an inmate of the Sanitarium. Tihe longest time I ever kept one in the blue-room was from about ten ' o'clock to supper time-or one night, something like that, when needed, I don't think I ever knew one to be kept in there longer than that. I never knew an instance where one was locked up in the blue-room and ihe Physician came through the wards and made no inquiries or failed to go in the room; he would always go in the room; as to whether he always made inquiries when he sees a room locked up, whether there is anyone in there, and what he's in there for, we go with him and it is our duty to tell him, which we do; I never did see any of the attendants there drinking or under the influence of whiskey; I have heard all sorts of cussing by the patients, but I never have- by the attendants though.
I wasn't there when Dunnington was there. I never did open letters coming to the patients, that th~y would receive from their people, and I don't know of any other attendants opening letters coming there to the patients. Patients ain't allowed to buy from the general store belonging to the Asylum, if they have got the nioney in their pockets, they can't get it, and that's why they have to buy these things from the outside. I said I didn't like beef; they,I1ave bacon sometim~s ; I like bacon all right. I don't lmow whether Mr. Simpson gets these goods that he keeps there in his commissary at wholesale prices from the State and then sell~ them to the patients at retail; I don't know where he gets them or what he. _pays for them. I do_n't know whether he gets them from Mr. Hunter or not, or what he pays for them.
361

as big as your two :fingers; I haven't been fed any better this week than last, it's just chance, you know, some days I get more than others; they either don't give it to us or neglect us; I am not slow about going. to the table, but .some of them manage to hustle around and get a little more than others; I don't hustle around, I just take what js given me and say nothing.
Mr. Hollis never did knock me down, he just had a-hold of me; I did report to my mother that he lm~cked me down, but that's a mistake.
I don't get any milk at all, I get what I ask for; . I 'rn not a. disagreeable patient, and if I don't get it I let it. go; milk is not distributed in the dining room on the hall I have been on; they moved me f11orn the hall I have been on, D hall, but previous to that I. got milk; I don't pa:y anything; one time they wanted to move me over to Dr. Allen's, but I never went over there; they don't get any pay from me, my people .don't send money here for me to buy things with-only with the exception of clothesmy mother sends a box about every month or two or three, and I get all of my furnishing go_ods through my mother at horne-she's a widow, got no income at all. I haven't been sick since I have been here; I have had pretty good health. I have had eggs three or four times this year and no milk at all; the last time I requested any milk was, you might say, three months ago; I see no milk at all served on
i. --
the floor where I am now; I know the milk is there but I don't get it-the milk is on the attendants'
510

times at night:_be up there late at night lots of times, when they would have a serious patient there, they came and consultecl there lots of times; I saw Doctor ,Jones there in that capacity,_ and_ Doctor Whitaker; there was nothing neglected on the part of those Physicians, as to the treatment and care and watchfulness of these poor old people there,-sick people; they were cared for' as good as could be,they could be cared for no better by the Physicians; -all of them.

.I never received any money from any of tne patients to buy things with, and never saw a:rq of them send out money to others; I wasn't in contact with the patients as the attendant; I would get there .evenings before the attendants would go to bed; those attendants generally up to bed-time stayed on the warcl with the patients, saw that they yvere cared for until I got there.

'11'he attendants played cards a little sometimes, for pastime, they play maybe once a week or twice a week, sometimes; I never saw any of the Physicians there playing cards; I didn't see any of the attendants there drinking any whiskey; I didn't see any that I thought was under the influence of liquor.

. I bought a little smoking tobacco from Mr. Simp.: son's storehouse there. I don't remember whether that storehouse was going on when I went there four years ago; I remember it being there last year or year before last; he had just a few goods at his room -he was Assistant Supervisor and had a few little _- goods-had his bed and trunk and bureau in there, ----'SUpposed to be his room.

363

....... :

_/

ing-some mornings I don 't-:-th~t is the rule, for all

of them to have a biscuit and a roll on their plate every morning; the sick folks get milk; they could spare us milk, it's on the attendants' table, you

I
I

know, and I know they could spare a glass of milk,

because the attendants all get it.



I

JOHN L ..MARTIN, Sworn, testified:

1-

~

I presume I am an inmate here, I have been here

I

nearly three years; I tho1tght I was treated rather

!

1i:nco1lithly and 'roughly~noithing disastrous,1y-by

.. :1
~~;

the attendants, they didn't inflict any painful wounds on me of any kind; as to the Doctors, th.eir

deportment was generally very good; I think they

I

treated me with all proper consideration, according,

to the way they treat others, I was treated just the

same as others. The rations are very sorry; it

wasn't so much the short:q.ess in quantity as the

quality of it; the way it was prepared, it is prepare?

something

worse

than

it

was

when

I
.

wa,s

here

thii'ty. '

years ago-I have been an_inmate twice here-I was

about nine years old then. I think I might.iuiye been

treated more genteelly, because I .was quiet, peacE!-

able man; I'll make one statement-soon after I

came here-I was crippled badly by a b:i:cyc1e, and I

was crippled badly, when I came here. November.

29, 1906, and I recollect going into the portico to be

shaved, and they would take me and push me out

into the yard when I wasn.'t able to get out, and I

.512

those funerals ; of course, they have funerals, and the attendantS' goes and buries them; I don't know whether any of the convalescent patients are allowed to go or not, but none of them ever came,-I neve!" heard of any reason why they shouldn't go, though, if they wanted to; there is a regular chaplain of the Institution who conducts those burial se1;vices.

Lots of times preachers come to the Infirmary

when patients are ver.y sick. I never saw the chap-

lain 'there talking _to those dying people, talking to

th~m about their future,-anything of that kind, at

night; I haven't seen anybody connected with the In-

stitution there, taking an interest in that salvation,

as you might say, of those people dying in that

.. I

ward; those old people, that's there and who are .in-

firm and can't go out to services, they didn 1t hold

any religious services for their benefit, that's con-

fined in there, before their death; I don't know of

any religious services conducted there in the In-

firmary in my experience of three years ; I was

watchman o'n the Infirmary ward three years; I

went on duty at nine o'clock and continued on duty

until five o'clock next morning; there was another

one right on the same floor, on duty, if I )}eeded any

help; I had around about twelve patients generally;

not all of them seriously sick,-four or five were

seriously sick, sometimes; there was a record kept

of each patient's condition, a chart was kept; I did

that myself from nine to five; Doctor left written

orders there and I did it; I administered the 'medi-

cines to the patients -that needed medicine, by the

Doctor's. orders; took the temperatures; I know the

365

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::./_.,1 .
,~..~.:.;.:.;,r
'
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!
I
!

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'~

...

- ..

. ->,
.:

fed me fairly well; no sir, the fare is pretty tough,.: it's mighty poor. Such as it is; I have enough, I am under a good attendant, Mr. Hoss, and he gives me an extra biscuit and such as that. I haven't made any complaint about the preparation of the food, but it is poorly cooked, it is indigestible; all 1 got today to eat was that hash they had-I never got anything but that hash and a biscuit and a rolt and just some cold w:ater and no sugar nor milk with it; I did get milk to drink, hut they cut the milk out now; well, I get a glass occasionally now, when my head attendant goes out and gets it; sometimes I get it for breakfast or supper; as to whether many of the patients get milk in the dining room, I don't know; ever since my leg has been broken I am on this ward; I don't go to the dining room because those crazy fellows shoving so they'll break. my leg over; they bring it to me; I don't know how much :rp.llk they drink in the dining room-only what the. other ;men say-I wouldn't tell you a story, sir, for anything-if. I knew I would get my iiberty. What broke my leg; I was carrying a heavy bundle of clothes down the steps-I was forced to take the clothes down; the clity before that, one of the attendants caught me-they have got a way of putting~
their knee in the small of your back and giving you a jerk and knocking your feet from under youwell it would wrench the back of a jack ass, and that wrenc}led my back; and the next day, they ordered. me- to take these clothes down steps, and I told him that I couldn't do it, that my back hurt me, and they threatened me with pi:mishme:itt if I didn't; well;.
514

I know a Catholic priest visited there; other religious services might have been conducted there during the day-time without my knowledge; if other ministers had wanted to go there, they could have done so; there wasn't no objections to their going there at all, if they wanted to go.

ELLIS HAR1PER, (Col.) Sworn, Testifiecl:

I have been an employee of the Georgia State

Sanitarium; I was there the 7th of this month two

y(3ars ago; I am not employed there now. The rea-

son I ain't employed there now, I was discharged;

there was a fight the patients had, of some kind, I

., '

. don't know, and I was discharged for that; I was

employed there as an attendant, colored male ward;

the number of patients I had under me ranged from

.44 to 48; my duties were to see after them, and keep .

the halls clean and keep them clean the best I could.

I don't know why I was discharged from there on account of a fight of the patients; they had a fight
there, and-I didn't see it, at least,-it was' early one
morning, and the other attendants on the other end -I didn't see it, and, of course, when the Doctor came through, I reported it to him the best I lmew, and so that afternoon they told me they didn't have no further use for me.

I did not see any cruel treatment inflicted upon any of those old negroes there; I didn't inflict any myself.
367

tion-anything that's happened under Dr. Jones' administration; only .that I want my liberty, I'm not an insane man, I'm a double entry bookkeeper, and also a first-class railroad trunk line man. I wanted to get the job as post master at Swainsbor,o; I tried to get it.
JOHN A. GEE, Sworn, testified:
I am an inmate of this Institution; have been nine years; I solemnly swear that I have been mistreated here at various times-not since I liave be~n on. the Convalescent, but dn1ing my stay at the Greeri Building, in the year 1900-what year~, Dr. Jones, did we move from that place?
Dr. Jones : It's been five ol six years ago. The Witness: Five or six years ago.
In the last three years I have been badly treated; I was taken by my heels and dragged from one end of the hall to .the other, dragged f1~0m my bed, choked and I was. in a physical condition-if my physical condition had been better, sir, I should have resented it at the peril 6f my life; the attendants dig
that. Mr. George Ross was one of them, and I so
reported it to the powers, at the time; I reporte~l it to Mr. Simpson, I reported it to Mr. J ohnson1 and I think Dr. Powell was here at the time, but that I can't state positively; hut nothing whatever w~s done with them, they paid no attention whatever to
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I
other, I don't know, to tell you the truth, I don't know whether they did or not. I haven't tried to get employment back there since I was discharged;
1 haven't been back there to see yet; i am not going
to make application for re-employment at the Sanitarium; Doctor Whitaker told me I could get my place back again if I wanted it. He told me one night that probably I could go hack there, he didn't know: I live about a quarter of a mile, I guess, from Doctor Whitaker's home; he lives at the Sanitarium; on the same property,-Sanitarium. prop.: erty, I guess; I don't live on the Sanitarium prop-
.. erty; I live on my mother's property. I never did see any whiskey drinking there among the negro attendants, nor drank any myself, nor saw any. drunkenness there; I never saw any whiskey there to sell to anybody.
The doctors make rounds, usually every morning, eight or nine o'clock; of course, when anyone is sick they comes back in the afternoon, and sometimes at night; Doctor Longino was the Doctor in charge where I worked.
None died in my ward while I was there, and none moved to the Infirmary before they died.
I stayed there nearly two years,-I stayed there sixteen months, and never had any very serious sickness on the ward.
Those old negroes would not claim they were hungry, no more than between meals; they might want something to _eat between breakfast and din~ "ner-time,:_they might want something to eat-get
3G9

throw a ,plate p.t one there, though, at the table for

'.

in~~lting me and: pounding me-he slapped me at

the tabl.e-th~t w~s: that same man Rainwater; the

attendants that. ar\3 in charge of me now on the hall,
treat me vel.7. :Well, in fact, the head attendant we

l}av,e oii the ward has no superior as a gentlemanip,_d~.ed, . he is. a perfect . gentleman; his nanie is

Rossee. Under Jih:. Rossy and his assistants, during

his stay ther'e, I have been well-treated; I have no

1

1



~ '

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fa,ult to find or complaint to make whatever against

Mr. Rossy,: the 'head attendant. I have heard the.
atten~1ants ~ur,si~g in the last three years, the Physi-
cian's. ~1idn 't 'i1ear the attendants curse, they wouldn't
'i9. d~1~~ eur~e ,'the presence of the Physicians, or
where the Pl1y~icians can hear them. The Physi-

on cian .is around at my ward oncea day, unless he is
sent for s,ome special call-in case of sickness of
some of the patients, and he stays a very short time

at that. Nobody but the atendant has the jurisdic-

tion o"V:e:r u:s on the hall; I wouldn't suppose they

would 1be allowed to curse according to the rules; I

have reported to the Physician that I heard them c't1rsl.ng, :and~ I have heard patients report it, and

fhere 'has 'been no effort made by the authorities to

con'ect that cursing by the attendants, that I know
of; in fact, I will be frank to slate that there is not

that discipline, that the Doctors, they don't hold

their attendants accountable for reports that are
made to them about the attendants; I consider that it
is more .the fault of the Doctors for the discipline

that is maintained on the halls than it is of the at-

tenc1mits themselves. I may he a little harsh in

518

and syrup and a cup of coffee for supper; they don't get any butter unless they are-well just special; they gets some milk sometimes. From what I know about that Institution, if I were to go crazy, I wouldn't mind if they sent me out there. 1 would rather be an inmate than a worker. The sick gets mille
ROBERT' LEvVIB (Col.) Sworn, testified:
. I was employed at the Sanitarium about four years, might have been longer, I don't know; I left t~e:r;e in September, I disremember what date it was, there was a disagreement between me and an attendant: I suppose I was discharged, the Doctor didn't tell me anything about it-they just said they dldn 't need my services-I reckon I was discharged; I th1nk I went there in 1904-I can't hardly remember just now, but I was there sm;ne little while there in Doctor Powell's lifetime, as an attendant; I never s~w any of the patients cruelly treated while I was there; never saw any of them put in the ducking pen and' ducked; never seen any handkerchiefs put arou;nd their necks, and the inmates choked that way, ()r choked with a towel put around their necks; I never s'aw but one and he done that himself, he was the one that choked himself, one night, but he did that himself in his room-I was night watch and l found him shortly after he did it and cut it loose, whe:r;e he had tal{en his blanket and done it, but so
371

over there, and no one will go over there and inform them, I guarantee you you'll :find it without a dipper right now; I'll state that they claim that the reason for that is that they have patients on the h~ll----'-Mr. Phillips, namely-who will not allow a dipper to stay on the place; they say that he goes in and throws the dipper out; but at night, we have to call for the night-watchman to give us water, we knock on the door for the night-watchman, and. he gets it for us; we have a very good one, and he says "you'll have to drink out of the bucket, there's no dipper;'' and I says "I have taken occasion to go there and ask and plead for the dippers, and the only excuse I go(is that "we can't keep them there ;" now, such a. man on the hall, that throws dippers and other articl~s out, why shouldn't he be removed, and not
'1.,; .;
allow other patients to drink like a hog or a dog7
I know what syphilis js; my understanding is Mr. Phillips is suffe-ring with the syphilis, and he drinks out of that same bucket that the other patients have to drink out of; I don't know whether he has any sores on his body or not; I couldn't state whether it could be contagious or caught from him or not.
As to how long I have been in the Convalescent Building, I couldn't give the dates, but I have eaten two Christmas cEnners there, I 'have been there about two years; Dr. Jones comes through there about every Sunday, it won't average every week, it would be about once every two weeks; I was under Dr. Jones and I can say for Dr. Jones, during his
520

ward that I stayed on.; the same quantity of food was placed on our table as there was at each of the inmates' plates', .we got the same that they got; sometimes not as much as they got; sometimes the dining room man would take out about what he thought would feed his attendants and then dish it out and put it on the attendant's table, and every one had his plate and taken off what he wanted off the dish on his own plate; each inmate had his own plate, and if he didn't have enough steps was taken to get him some .more, if he asked for any more, the a:ttendant would take his' and give it to the patient, and then the attendant would go out. in the ,1\:itchen and ask the cook for something for himselfif there was too many, anybody was too short of anything, they gone on the kitchen and got more, and if he couldn't get, it, the matter was reported to the Doctors; the attendants feel the patients after they got in the dining room; they had buckets which they brought in from the kitchen, and the attendants separated the stuff into the inmates' plates after they br01.1ght it into the dining room; 'then the attenda:nts taken out what they wanted firs.t and put it on the attendants' table, and then the rest of it was' divided out to the patients' plates, the attendants' taken what they thought they could spare; the Supervisor would come and see to the meals; he was there nearly every day; there was three dining rooms to the Male Department, but the other two was sick wards, and he went around to all of them; _they eat three times ~ day, I don't know what hour of the day, though; we all ea:t at the same time, as a general rule; the Supervisor went to the big din-
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never left his room at all-what is the United States Army officer's nam.e-the old _gentleman-I don't remember; I had a room very near his; boxes of grub would come to him to the amount of four or :five dollars-such things as a Yankee would know about
and know how to eat; I watched that box, and .watched how h<;J was feel-and he bought stuff frequently from Mr. Simpson1 there, which Mr. Simpson's bills will show, and if he ever ate $1.50 worth of that stuff during the time I was over there, I never knew it; he would buy watermelons at various times, two or three at a time, and he would ask for his watermelon and half of a watermelon would be.
sent him; :finally, he called Mr. R.oss, and says "do I buy watermelons by the half; I pay for a whole
ill:elon .and I want a whole one sometimes.," and after that it was sent to him; tho;;;e things are true, so help me God, I noticed those things particularly; there is no redress; I had a box of fruit sent me-l
Jta,:v;E;J1a: )cyttf1r in my possession, where they say they
r<?n;f m~i:a.fpp;x -~o,f;;Jirgip;ia. ,wip.,esaps, which I am :Y~+=Y! iDlfA t9~, :?alr~fl~Il~ J?? :9l.J;:::--;-mtd, ;J;-!gll~r)ant~'il)l'Y\:>,\1 S!3"TH1 fhbQ.:x; i tc;>J; .Qe!}~i;q YYN!~f?, j~. yy;ar,~ls.; ~nfr~ 't,J;lf3
rp?ttifmts. s,a}l; ;t. !+op+r :~nj,ti afte,r. i~,o,r, ~i;rn.s!:!1f,.~r{ct.t:Pf3
~Ppy:;;ic:t~n y_it~H1F, ,tf},e {l?~ti.E{nt:;;, w:P~. pgye:t;, ?,ee,, a,n'Xd?~ .tJ;ta_t .,?tHff.;:, ,st;tpp 1th~l!;g? PftV~~, :((1,istE~\q1 ~~ havl:! ~ s~~:p
:~~ap;rp..i;tY.,~x~~t,iY,',\=J.~, il;wJ I.ctW7-'t :~hffil~.}t ,~s;V[i,t~:~~~e
1ktw.wleclge .of.l>r, .~pn.eR ,; the ~tty,n~la:g,ts: t~.lry, ~lj~rg~
.of. these,, b_o~fsr, -?.~ J-ru~( ~wl. P~'9Yi~sipn;?;;,; t!wr,, 1qrp
Jisted,ov~r ~P,,t~~e .,b~1~{d~P l!yJ?e .\3,7\P,ef~~:~?r1n~.~~ .-h~I~ft~.~lfew.;-~.s ~~RPfDy._~rtP W~s, R~~1!.by~,11IJ.h~~Jp( ,.pflti~~t~s ;~~ -~R~i~tiqi1, t~R -~~~~~~1H pi~;?:~e~f~ ,.;lp~f) fRf}tt

~rdJ

After those old.negroes got through eating there was right smart meat or bread or anything that

~ '. ~

'

they didn't eat; there was always a plenty for him

to get something if he hadn't had enough to eat;

I never did know any of them to complain for the

want of something to eat. I never lmowed one to

be beat up or mistreated by anybody. I am not with

the Sanitarium now: at all; I suppose they discharged

me. I am working for a grocery company, and have

never applied for a job back there since I was dis--

cJ:larged from there.

. It was a rule of the Institution, when you found your rations short in. the dining room, to go back to the kitchen and get more; that was one of the rules that they had there that we had to carry out.

LILLIE BELL THOMAS, Sworn, testified:
I worked at the Sanitarium two months; I worked at the wash house, where they washed the clothes out yonder; I was just a washer gal, that's what I was out there; I didn't have charge of any of the women folks in the wards out there; I only done washing while I was there; I didn't see any of the patients mistreated. I eat at the table with the patients, I eat with them; I got pretty good eating, it did very well; it was cooked pretty well; I don't understand cooking much. I was discharged because when I went to bed I left my candle burning; I went to sleep
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i themselves, they don't get any. I have three of the men. at my table who never speak a word, three men as nice apparently in their manner as I ever saw in niy life; I have seen those men sit down with a piece
of gristly beef that I wouldn't give to anything-or
a great big bone; come and look at the table, at some of the star patients plates, there's a nice piece of e~egant beef; frequently they have to take a piece of beef from some other plate, in order to get enough to eat; not thatI don't get it, because I getup and scuffle for it, I get up and tell them that I want it, hut see these three men that are treated that way; I believe Mr. Rossy-in the absence of Mr. RossyI believe he's as good a man as can be put there; but I say a great many of the men are put here by somebody, and not for their worth to the Institution that they are paid here to serve.
J. JYL McBRIDE, Sworn, testified:
I eame here as an inmate on the 6th of October, 1903, and have been here with the exception -of thirteen days when I escaped last year; I haven't any kick to complain of personally, you may say, myself, against the offic~rs of this Institution, or the attendants, for most of them,. with the exception of two, are all pracHcally friends of mine, but I _&sk this Committee to help me get out of here, that's all I want you to do. I have kept a journal
my[3~lf, a record of everything I have see:n, here. I.
524

very :plainly when I got here and I remember seeing Dr. "VVhitaker and he told me that day that he would be kind to. me and do all they could for me while I was here, and they were always kind to me in every way-they were kind to me, treated me kind all the time I stayed here; the doctors and the nurses all treated me kindly and well while I stayed here; I was well treated here, I certainly was.

The food that I got, that I could eat, when I was

able to be up and about, the food was suitable, and

then when I was weaker, then they gave me for food

things that I could eat, prepared for me that I could

eat-they gave me milk and milk punches-sweet

milk and sweet milk punches, and then they gave me

eggs--:--things that I could eat, such as that; they

. .

gave it to me regularly, and it was always :fixed right

for me_;it was good.

I was weak all the time while J; was here, but I think I was a little heavier than when I came here, in weight, I think I was a little bit heavier when I left than when I came here; I couldn't state exactly, because I didn't weigh either time, coming or leaving, and I didn't weigh in a good while after I went away; . I was able when I left this Institution to feed myself, and I received all the proper treatment that I could require-that I co1.1ld ask for; our treatment was good at all times, in every way, it was all right; I have no complaint to make about treatment or the management in any manner, I think they did all they could for me out here; at night the cover was sufficient, I was bathed regula-rly-always bathed regu-

377

...

that I would like you people to help me, get my

'

liberty restored-it was taken from me illegally~

In regard to drinking water, we get drinking water out of the pipes in the bath rooms; go to the pipes. with a cup in the morning, when the bath r.oom is open, but the bath rooms don't stay operi all the time,. and then they have buckets on the hall or water room, with possibly six or eight or ten buckets on the table there, with clippers; dippers or cups are there pretty much all the time. Those attendants that I had reference to, I don't consider either one of them to be very bright, I consider both of them to be two brutes, myself-fit subjects for the chaingang, myself-two men here that seems to have been the foundation root and branch of this trouble; there are differences between them and the patients-these two particular attendants; I suppose. they have been reported to the Doctors many
a time; I never spoke to Dr. Jones about it, hardly
ever get a chance, because- Dr. Jones hasn't got no use for me, right straight out-he- hasn't got no use for me, he is prejudiced against me; I know that from the way he treats me, or he would give me a chance to receive my liberty; he would give me ar chance to go before some court and get a writ of' habeas corpus. I don't mea~ to say that Dr. Jones has got any pers.onal spite against me, but as the head of this Institution, he hasn't given me a chance: to receive that which belongs to me; I know that a great many :patients crave their liberty whe-n it would be best not to give it to them, both for themselves and the 'other people around them; that does

the names of them; I remember they were sometimes unruly; they were put in there sometimes when they couldn't control them-seemed like they couldn't control them, and they were put in there; I never saw anyone put in there for refusing to work; I never saw any coercion or threats-compelling the patients to work; I never heard any screaming or hollering after they were put in there-they were put in there and stayed awhile and came out; it was necessary to put them in there-they were put in there for their. own protection as well as the other patients on the ward; in placing them in the blueroom, the nurses didn't use any more force, or handle them any rougher than was necessary, in my opinion, to get them in there; it required some force to put th~m in there-required some strength to put them in there, you know, they have to use a little more strength to put them in there; after they quieted down, they always came oi..1t, you know. While I was here Miss Hogue was on one hall and Miss Jessie McFall was on the other; they were the head nurses of the ward I was in; it was the building Dr. Whitaker stays in, I remember going there, _and Miss McFall was the head nurse.
Dr. Mobley came through every day; Dr. Whitaker never came there, I 'just saw him once when I came here-I saw him once; sometimes Dr. Mobley would talk to me and sometimes he didn't-didn't talk very much, though ; I never requested him or any other Physician to come and talk with me and they refused to do it; I was always glad when they got through and left. I never requested any at-
379 :

JOHN HOLDEN, Sworn, testified:
I came here as an inmate the 6th of September last; I haven't been mistreated in any way since I have been here; I was here before, and stayed six months, lacking eight days; I wasn't mistreated in any way during that time; I was here three times; before that time I wasn't mistreat~d in any way. I don't know about them mistreating any other of the patients, you are asking me too much; I have seen some of them kinder handle patients roughly; I never saw them beat them or fight them; I saw them have a few little scraps with Dunnington, when he was over there. Dunnington would get to raising Cain around the hall, and he was kinder unruly; I don't think they gave hi~ any more punishment than he needed or was required to subdue him; Dunnington was pretty rough, and I don't think they could control him without they were a .little rough with him.
I don't think the food is sufficiently bountiful, we
need more of tlie quality and quantity there; tli! quantity of food that we get is not sufficient; the cooking is fairly good; I have made complaint to Dr. _Green a time 01~ two; I'm working in the dining room now; and I get all I need now, but up to that time I _didn't; I don't think the other patient::; get all they need; I have a good opportunity for knowing what they get, working in the dining room, and I lmow how it was before I went in there; they don't get milk unless they are sick-they give special requisitions for sick ones, once in a while; some of the
-528,

whiskey-gave me plenty of stimulants for her to take on the way home.
.They treated her kindly here, the nurses were kind to her, but I don't think she had the medicine she ought to have had if they thought she had the consumption-well, they were posi_tive she had .the consumption-well, I thought they ought to give her the proper medicine for it; of course, they gave her tonic after tonic, but anybody as weak as she was, and they thought she had the consumption, I think they ought to have treated her for the consumption; that was the only fault that I found with them, that they didn't give her any medicine for the consumption at all; Dr. Mobley didn't say anything about treatment, he just told me that she had the consumption, and there was no hopes for her; I told him, yes, as long as there was life there was hopes, if'! could get her home I believed I could cure her myself, because she was a strong constitution and I believed I could get her up, but he said no, he believed she would die; I never met Dr. Mobley but once, and he was just as kind and pleasant as he could be; the nurses were all right, too ; I had no reason to think that they had mistreated my daughter in any way, while she was an inmate of the Sanitarium.
I. took her home and I treated for about two and a. half weeks, nearly three weeks, and I saw that there was something the matter with her throat, and I wrote for Dr. Wiley Carlton, of .Athens, and he gave her two or three courses of medicine, but with the exception of-that, I treated her myself, and
381
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them in the blue-room for not working, but I say that I have heard them threaten to do it; the kind of work they want them to do is, generally mop up on the hall with a dry mop, they claimed that it would be exercise for them; I don't know that they required one of the patients to attend to another one when they didn't want to do it; I don't think they compelled them to do it, generally there is somebody on the hall that's willing to do it for them; those that are willing to do it and do do it; sometimes the attendant will give them a little extra stuff off their table, maybe get a little piece of extra meat or something, tl~ey do it with the hope of reward..
Drinking whiskey is the only trouble I have eve1: had; that is the trouble that brought me here. I never saw them force a patient to work that complained that he wasn't able; the attendants take charge of the work in regard to cleaning or scrubbing the floors, and they do some of it. I don't know M there is anything else I want to say to the Committee; I want to get out and go horne; that's one thing that I don't t!1ink they do right-1 have ge>t letters in my pockets from Dr. Jones, that he thinks I can go horne, and I haven't got any answer; it's a rule that they hold every patient ninety days, and I haven't been here but seventy; I ha.d counsel upon this thing, and he wrote Dr. Jones and Dr. Jones wrote him that there was nothing the matter with me, an:d he would let me go, but he hasn't done it; my lawyer was Baldwin, a:t Abbeville ; I just 'knew him because I was in school with him at horne.
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She was at Dr. Allen's Sanitarium-! took her there in June; of course, she just weakened downI was down in the bed withthe rheumatism; and my husband transferred her here in December, and she was just weakened down; I saw her in October, she was thin, she wasn't as weak and :in as bad condition in October as she was when I took her away in April; she just gradually weakened down; just got weaker; her mind improved while she was here; the nurses were kind to h~r and her mind was all right while she was here, but she woli.ldn 't have lived another week longer if she had stayed here; Dr. Mobley and Dr. Powell both of them. told me that she had the consumption, and, of c;tr,se, I didn't agree with them; but whatever was the ma.tter with her, she didn't have no medicine for it. So far as I know, she had all the nourishment in the way of food that was necessary; they were kind and nice to her as they could be.
She stayed at Dr: Allen's from June until De:. .cember; she was perfectly healthy ~bile at Dr. Allen's; she was poor there, at: Dr. Allen's that's where she lost her flesh; she lost her flesh before she came here; she gradually grew weaker and thinner from the time she entered Dr. Allen's :institution, through her stay there, and also through her stay here; until I carried her home; just gradual decline.

I haven't in any way been mistreated by any of the attendants, nor seen any of the attendants mistreat any of the patients, except using them with force when they were unruly; they sometimes have to use force when they are unruly; they never use any unnecessary force to subdue them; just enough to accomplish the purpose. The Physicians are kind and attentive to me; I have no complaint to make against the treatment of the Physicians; I don't get. enough food, and it isn't the right kind of food either; I go hungry, only when .I go to the. attendants' table there-have to do that or go hungry; it could be fixed better; my complaint is as to the quality and quantity; that's all the complaint I have to make against the Institution; I'm a patient, I don't work in the dining room; I was talking .to the Doctor in the dance hall in your presence the other evening about the food. I weigh as much now as I did when I came here, but I have spent a few dollars since I have come here for something to eat-spent
to $10.00 here one month for something eat, the first
month I came here, and since then I have done the same thing; of course I don't consider myself an old broken down man that don't need much to eat, but an able-bodied man like- me does; T turn my money over to the officers, and most anything you want you can get; I don't have an itemized statement of it, or anything like that given to me, but I keep a little account of it; I have never asked for it back, but as a rule they keep the money for the patients, and I have the worth of the money in goods, such as I want, and I know what the goods are worth that I
532

advised her to go home just simply to get her where she would he out of doors or where she would be better cared for; at the time she left here and for sometime before, her mind was feeble all the timeit's feebie now; as to whether she was mentally in such a coildition, as that she ought to have been retained here in the Asylum, that's a matter that's right- hard to say; at the time she went away, while her mind was rather simple, yet, at the same time, those cases, she being possibly a case of dementia pi'ecex, she is liable to become rather fractious at times. I think tl1e proper thing to do when their mind is mended so that they can go home, is to send them home, rather than treat them here; so far as that is concerned, her mind, at the time she left here, was sufficiently l'estored to go home, out. you must remember this fact, that sometimes the mind rimy stay that way several weeks, and then they have to come Tight back again; that's th.e reason we have almost practically quit discharging patients on that account, because they go home and have to be returired, and they are just in as bad condition as ever before mentally. Now, for instance, she is incorrect there about-I don't think she was ever on Dr: Whitaker's service at all; she said she :was in. the Convalescent ward-that's right-he goes through; you know, he goes through my wards and possibly the reception ward~whichever ward she may have been on at that time; it was just that point aboi.1t the tuberculosis that I wanted to explain; we might be mistaken, oftentimes, in sending a patient home that way. I don't think it works any han1ship oh the
385
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else to d'rink-we have to drink that water, or not any; these rough, boisterous patients do that; I haven't complained to Dr. Green or to Dr. Jones,
because I haven't thought of it. Dr. Green is my
Physician.

In the dining room, I complain of the quantity

- and the quality of the food; the quality is very bad

sometimes, and the qnantity hardly enough. f0rthose

that eat much;. it is enol-igh for me-I'm a small

eater, but there's a lot that it ain't enough for; I am

s~tis:fied that there's plenty of them t~at d:on.'t get

enough to eat; but I get as much as I need to eat and

i

more besides, sometimes.

. -l
-"~--. ~' ,;__ '";"
,'7: ..

WILLIAM RUFUS BRAKE, Sworn, testified:
From. the 25th of J ammry, 1904, to the 14th of April, 1905, I was an inJD.ate here; I was never mistreated by any of the attendants nor saw any of thL~
attendants mistreat any of the patients in any way,
only in one instance;' the attendant was Mr. Cook. he was discharged pretty soon afterwards; I .don't know whether it was for mistreating a patient or ndt; no one else dicln 't see him but me, though, the patient was going from the dormitory to the dining room, and he .was a little-late and he just grabbed. him by the neck and shoved him and h: grabbed him by the neck the second time and shoved him on; no~ body else didn't see that but me, aU the rest of the
534

sarily ; that is mainly the reason why we established the furlough system-some exceptions, of course. r
As to whether this Institution is made the dump~ ing ground for a lot of. cases of moral depravity, I don'tthink it's exactly made the chl.mping ground,
I think there's some that come here occasionally; it
is a pretty sweeping assertion to say to keep out of the penitentiary, that the counties oughtn't to impose
on this Institution by sending them here; I want t0
be absolutely just to everybody, and yet I might say, .a .good family might send a daughter here with 'a
certain amount of moral taint in her conduct, and we
are not altogether authorized to say at once; that is, for several months or more, that the patient is 'i'fot insane ; if we were to send them home and they becanie insane and violent, why, we receive very serious criticism, and it makes that section :of the
country very much against the Institution; As to
whether we have any female patients in this Insti-L tution, sent here because they may have stepped aside:-in order to cover up a family scandal, you se!3, they are sent here first, they are committed he:te as insane; that's the action of the jury,you kncrw; judge ; now, in my opinion, sometimes a few do come
here that way; I have a Mrs. Youl)g in m}r servic~~,
at present, and I don't know that she is insane~she has domestic affairs; she has been here twice_:_just returned here recently; I consider her perfectly saf~ out of the Institution; now, we wrote home about that patient, stating that we didn't see anything insane about her; we received later several lette:rs--=.no doubt they are on file-in which the family say that
3S7

of my stay here, received any cruel treatment or mistreatment from any of the attendants in any way, I have seen very little of the attendants mistreating patients, I have seen some of it, but very little of it; to detail it, there was a patient over there on the Green Building jerked the keys out of the attendant's pockets one day, and threw them on the floor, and the attendant tripped him up and butted his head up and down on the floor; the attendant's name was F'rank Watson,-he isn't here ;now; that was not reported to the authorities of the Institution; he wasn't discharged, he quit. I saw a patient choked, one night, to make him quit hollering, by an attendant, whose name was McDade,patient's name was Murphy; that attendant is not here now, he has quit.
The food does pretty well, the quanti1ty of it is sufficient, and the quality of it is all right. I have an idea, if you will give me ten minutes to express it, against the In~titution,-if you will gi~e me an opportunity. I want to show you that lunatics can be cured by diet, I lmow enough to know that ninetenths of them can be cured by diet; I haven't tried it on myself. I wasn't sent here for being crazy, I was sent here for dope; I'll give you an illustration, -Count Lee Tolstoi was thought to be crazy that way-let me have five minutes, if you won't give me ten1 I was sent here for using morphine.
(REPORTER's NoTE: The Committee agreed to hear from the witness for a few minutes; whereupon
he 'read- a very voluminous dodument prepared 'by
536

Reception Ward; of course, when it gets filled up that way, as it of course does do, we have to send them out as best we cal!- locate them, locate them as best we can, congenially, as I said the other day, m! best we can, and yet, I want to tell you, if .the most refined patient up there was violently insane, she would be placed on a ward where they could control hei, you know, with more or less maniacal patients or destructive patients.

There is absolutely no refinement at all among pat~ents when they are entirely insane; because their

sense of refinement is entirely gone, that is, when

they become destructive, you know; there are

patients who at times have these extreme nervous

paroxysms, and who a majority of the times are

perfeCtly at themselves; at those times, such patients

as were refined and cultured people would appreciate

being associated with refined people; I have fre-

quently moved from the Convalescent Building, pa-

tients who havego:ne over there in splendid condition,

but have become maniacal again, and we l1ave to

transfer them back here again where they can be con-

trolled-where we can manage them; but as soon as

they re'cover we put them back, and place them so far

as their social condition may have been in life.

Pool was not under my charge; it has been some



years since I have had males at all. As to whether I

think we should have the right, and it should be our

prerogative, to pass on those cases that ought to be

discharged, and that we should discharge them; we

have the right, and we discharge them, and as I say,

389

!

I . '

enough fruit and vegetable soup to keep down scurvy. But no meat, pickles, pepper or tobacco

while under treatment, neither tonic nor any kind

of stimulant. vVhen peopJe on the ;outside .of a

lunatic asylum craves sour or hot things, the'Y say

they are biliouS', but when a lunatic craves sour or

hot things ]t means he is going to have a crazy spell,

and he will do all in his power to bring a~out that

spell. I have seen so much of it I know before hand

a lunatic is preparing for a crazy spell by his eating.

He- overloads on the strongest kind of food and it

gives him delirium tremens. That is all insanity

_is. More people die from food drunkenness than

from whiskey drunkenness; some people who will

not touch a drop of whiskey <think they have a per-

fect right to eat all the pickles they want. A

pickle fiend is worse morally-than a whiskey :fiencl

''Something over a year ago a patient died on our ward who had not had a crazy spell in seven years, his mind was as clear as a bell, but a few weeks before he died he sent out and got a pint jar ofmustard, he ate the pint of mustard in three days and it made him as crazy as a bat for a week. Lunatics cannot recover at all if they are allowed to gorge themselves on trash and all the. strong food they can hold. In nearly every instance I have hea.rd lunatics say that at one time they had indigestion and could not eat without the greatest pain, and they did not heed the danger signal; their systems and brain . rotted, they got so they could eat without pain and this is why a lunatic is a glutton i. food oozes through his system like slime, it does not pain him to over-

538

re-action, as it is called, in the Doctor's absence; that is oftentimes beneficial-a patient may show certain tendencies at times during the day where the Doctor can't observe her, and when the nurse makes these notes, it is very, very beneficial; we classify the different forms of insanity, there provisionally, oftentimes we are compelled to change a diagnosis, on account of the very intricate subject of mental impairment, you know; the class or form of insanity I find mostly, is, I guess, dementia precox, demonomania and maniac depressive insanity, and they 'represent the largest percentage of mental clas,sifications, and there are certain allied states, which are quite hard to classify, that is, they do not follow any classical course, and that's the reason why they are regarded as allied states; we attempt systematic medical treatment for the forms of insanity; you take a case af acute delirium, delirious insanity, what is known as infective exhaustive psychosis, they won't sleep, and we put those patients in a hot pack at night, and give them a hundredth of hyoscine, and in a few days time it brings about the greatest sort of di:ffeTence-:fill them full of salt water, too, give them an enema of normal salt solution once a day; and I have just a routine of putting all common patients on lithia water as soon as they get here; but I mean in.that type, you know, where there is a profound intoxication, and you find a case of acute delirium, and you want simply at night to put them in a hot pack and give them a hundredth of hyoscine, something like that; we make full records of our work, they are kept in envelopes, I believe there has
3!:Jl

his voice simply has inspiration and melody. So you see how utterly useless the life of a lunatic really is, he does not give joy, gladness, peace, strength .or beauty to any life.
Max O'Rell, the Frenchmen who went on a lecturing tour in this country and has written a lot about the United States even in our own magazines, criticises severely the appetite of the American people. It is his opinion that we all eat to~ much, and thinks the American women eat as much for breakfast as they ought to erut all day. Insanity is on the increase, there is no denying that fact, and in :fifty more years, every man, woman and child in America will be crazy unless insanity is checked. The gluttonous Saxons of England were conquered by the light-eating Normans. The heavy-eating Russiam.; were conquered by the light-eating Japanese. Let us use a few Bible illustrations. The children of Israel had to dim themselves for forty years on the lightest kind of diet before they could conquer their enemies. The children of Israel in the Wilderness craved garlic, leeks and onions, the very things tha,t would burn out the nerves and stomach without giving strength to the body. It is human nature to crave forbidden things and yet often the things we desire will destroy us.
''Food stimulates the brain, there is no question .about that, but there must be a brain there to be stimulated; a rotten brain can not be stimulated; therefore, the :first thing to do with a decayed brain is to create a new one. This can only be done by starving out on a light diet like bread and water
540

'-.. ,.
Where a patient returns honie on furlough, their relatives or friends bear the expenses of their going home, and when a patient is discharged, the Sanita.:: tiu:in bem's the expenses; that has been 'the oild custom, whether or not the Board of Tiustees have recently acted on that, I don't know, perhaps they have a;nd perhaps they haven't, I don't know as to that; where you discharge one, there is a margin of ninety days in which you can return them without re-commitment"; blit after ni:ilety days they are dis.:. charged, and discharged on the records here, and they have to have a jury trial again before they can come back. It is frequently the case that patients can stay here awhile an_d are apparently well, that ca:q '~t, ~~~Y. at home; and a person coming here and seeing these patients casually would think they ought to be at home, whereas they have been tried repeatedly and can't stay at home; I would like to relate an instance-there is a patient on my service that I accompanied. tp the depot once, she was per-. fectly well, and when we got to the depot, why I had just to turn around and bring her back home; we had from Waycross a woman-I don't care to mention her name-she is well right now, and yet she has qeen home four or :five times, and she hardly stays long enough to get one meal, hardly, at home-she does stay sometimes four or :five months-but if you were to go and talk to her right now, you wouldn't say there was a thing the matter with her, but she may go home to Waycross and in twenty-four hours -she might be right back here-or a week's timeit's .a thing that we can't help or explain; there's no
393
..~

orrhceal pa:tients are brought in here, and wl1en we do have syphilitic patients, we give them separate plates and wash basins-at the table they .have special plates; we have had none, though, for a long time.
Mr. Vickers, who was here on the stand, I can give the Committee an idea of his history, I have his history here, I can give it to you here if you wish it; I will read part of it, just a synopsis; -the :first part of this, the amanuensis was ''obtained from Dr. A. P. Taylor, his family physician. His patternal gra:r;tdmother was an extremely high strung erratic woman, and all his immediate relatives were of the same erratic and severe characteristic make-up. His father was of intense alcoholic habit long before patient's birth, and died of chronic alcoholism. Father's sister was a morphine habitue all her life; one or two close relatives of father are insane, one now in the Sanitarium. One insane and epileptic, wiib a sister not far from the border line..
"His personal history has been one since infancy of depravity and his deeds and deportment with his family have been of such depravity as to always cause the deepest anxiety on the part of his family. He is continually creating the greatest disturbances of any and all species of depravity. Of late, for three or four years, he has become intensely religious and philanthropic, committing the most absurdly inconsistent offenses against morality and decency. Ever since a hoy in his teens he has b.een guilty of attacking young girls apparently with a
542

f.

mean, as coming directly from the State; we pay the

running of all these farms and things out of this

general Maintenance Fund; for instance, we have 25

o:r 30 mules, we'll say-well, we have 40 odd, we'll

say those 40 odd were bqught out of the general fun_d

and charged up to the per capita~ and it will naturally

:figure out that way in the end. Now, as I say, if you

give the Board of Trustees, the succeeding Board or

any other Board, with intelligent management, :fifty

cents a day, I will undertake to say, at the present

prices of subsistence, and the present high prices;

at that, .that this Institution can be run as well as any

in the United States, without exception, and give us

e~~rY needed improvement- that is needed or wanted -eve~i last one. of them. Put :five or six hundred
' .~-:
thousand dollars in a lump s1,1m; it is an enormous sum of mo~ey--.:as Judge Bleckley said, he didn't

bel~~ve there was a million dollars in the world,

. and six hundred thousand is an enormous sum of

money, but as I understand, the State of Georgia is

.

.

assessed on a tax valuation of seven hundred

, millions; now, :figure :on seven hundi~ed million

dollars, and it will be one-fiftieth of one per cent. to

make $2.00,000.00. increase-orlEi._:fiftieth of one per

cent. Suppose you :fi~ure it another way: .There are

abou.t two and a half million people in Georgia, and

putting :five people to make one family, that would

be .:five hundred thousand heads of families, it wo1.~ldn't be but about 47 to each family a year-a

little over three cents a month; that's all the tax you

couldlevy,-:if you levied it that way; about one~half

of what we give the old soldiers. .

395 . .J

i
iI .

view of iape or begging them to submit to his approaches. He says he has been in many. hundreds of such scrapes. He gives the impression of wanting to force them to submit, but has not been known to actually use force. He has always been released on the plea of unsound mind or by his sharp talk has deceived the officials and friends of the offended one. He is very shrewd in pleading his own cause. He. turns against his family with t~e vilest reproaches when they attempt to advise h:iin. He has always been intensely erratic mid a degenerate in deportment.'' That was from his family physician, it came a day or two after he did; now, his mental strutus : ''The patient is quiet, reserved, spends his time in reading, does not help iri the ward wor~L At times he is irritable, complains of riot 'being treated with respect, of the patients about him, the noise in the building, and the food. On examination, he speaks spontaneously-'! aril suffering this morning from constipation. M-y bowels have not moved for three days. I have as a rule every day an action, but when I am constipated, I have to force and strain and it hurts; it seems to be at the edge of the rectum but won't come out.' H!e has taken all kinds of laxatives and cathal'tics, but the constipation grows worse .

.''He fe.els fairly good ancfis in fairly good health

I .

but his kidneys act too freely. 'In writing, or if my

mind is employed in thinking it will act on the kid~

_neys;' His teeth neecL to be taken out, as they are

the cause of his indigestion. He has astigmatism

and needs to be treated for this. Has pains down

543

'' 1: An annual appropriation;for the'Institution

.... ,

amm1nt1ng<to fif:ty: cents pet capitl:ii pet day; This:

amount,, we think,',w'ill 'hi:iadequ'ate tO' nieet 'aW 'oJ.1di;:

nary expenses.:

"In default of such appropriation, the Institution will need $15,000.00 for er'ecting 'wards forthe tuBerculous patients, $15',000:00 for constructing :a;reser-' voir-for -storage of water; $30,000.00 for erectirika'
hospital for care' of aci1te cases of' diseas'e:s' (not
mental) such as pnetiinonia, typhoid. fever, et'c:; arid' injuries-to patients a:rid.employees.

"2. .tllid that:thelaws be amended so'thaksa:rie epileptics, senile -a:n& harmless imbeciles, and -feel5le.: minded children have other provision made'for them; and that they be not sent to the Sanitarium:
":3: So tha:t th~I'etmE'ly be nint:i T'nisitees fo'r the Sanita::rium; thEft at :the. first airpoirit:ri1erit/ thr'E)ej
shallI be apl)biht'ecl for 12. years; 3for 14 'yeai's, aiid :3;
for '6 years; and th~:reafter tliree shall -b~'-app6iilte:d' ~very-two years for' a term of 6 years:
''The Institution has _grown too large; and its-in~ terests too enormous for it to be intrusted every two years to the management of- inexperienced men._ This change would not affect the present nor the next Board.
"4. So that the adultrelatives of a patient may waiv"e the ten days n()tice of a trial for lunacy now required to be given them.
397

to resist subsequent ones. Exercise has no effect upon it, but constipation increases it. After succumbing to temptation, he has a repulsion for it and for himself. vVhen he goes to a hotel or boarding house, and finds little girls' there, he frequently leaves to escape temptation. 'That thing is in my eyes, as Peter says 'eyes full of adultery that can't keep from sinning.' ''
"He has n~ attra0tion towards males and none ltowards ad:u1t women. vVben seven ~iJears old a little negro girl took him under a bush raised her ~lothes and showed him her genitals. He was "charmed like a snake charms' and has ever since been affected by a female child's organs.
''He was religiously brought up, has had wonderful religious experiences; tries to lead a co.nsistent Christian life, has prayed earnes'tly and tried to overcome this obsession. No one outside of his own family knows of his condition, he thinks, and he has never consulted a physician about it. He feels that there is a barrier between him and other people. 'I feel that they feel it some~imes, the barrier seems to rise without cause.'
He has no fear of anyone finding out his condition. ''I begin to _hope to accomplish something in life, when the sub-consciousness arises 'what's the use, this will prevent YOU.' I hope to rise in the business world, hope to marry, hope to take my J?lace as a man; what'~ the use."
Occasio~ally he has a natural desire for inter-
545
18-inv

MISS A. V. CROSS, Sworn, testified :
I am employed at the Institution as Supeti:hten~' dent of Nurses; I haven't the direct supervision of all tl1e nurses of the entire Sanitarium; I have the Green Building and the Convalescent and the In-' :firmary; I have sixty nurses under me; I am a regu1ar professional trained nurse; I have no trained nurses under me; I try to select nurses that we believe. competent; we take them on three months probation; we are not forced to take anyone who comes here and applies for a nurse's place; we pick those that we think are the most suitable for us; in picking or choosing an attendant or nurse, what
me, Specially 'Controlls in going through the wards,
I see in their daily duties-notice their work, how they perform their duties and their way-their kind~ ness towards the patients-:their kindness towards the patients has everything to do with the selection of each nurse; after these nu~ses are taken on probation, if I discover during that time any tendency to, turbulence or ill-temper, or anything else of the sort, I :first take them and give them a private talk, myself, and then, if they don't listen to what I say, why, I take her to Dr. Jones and Dr. Jones usually sends her home-sends them away; he has never refused or failed to send anyone ho~e whom I recommended to be discharged; always, after they serve their three months probation, if I believe them not to be agreeable or unsuitable for the position, I r.ecommend that they go; my recommendation is based entirely upon the qualifications and capacity for making a prope:~; nurse in this Institution; we try to select
399

the water they have to drink, though it may be that they go down there and do that. I haven't had any reports by the patients in regard to the attendants cursing, only today, an~1 that was just a few moments ago,-that was a young man who complained of that, and I investigated the complaint, I investigated tlJe matter-I believe it was yesterday, and I investigated it and he refuseclto tell me who his witnesses were, he told me who the man was, and I asked him about._it and he denied it bitterly, and I investigated it today, as I say, and the man he told me says he will swear he hadn't uttered an oath m;ound him or mistreated him in any way; I make every effort to find out those things, and if I do find out, why I deal with them accordingly.
If Captain Gee stated it was a frequent case that the dippers were gone, fTequently hours at a time, and they had to drink out of the buckets, that isn't the case; his complaint about having a golc! headed walking cane taken away from him has never come to me, nor his complaint of having lost a ring too.

DOCTOR Y. A. LITTLE, Recalled, testified:

I '

~

I remember Paul Phillips, a patient in this Institution; I could look up the recorda and tell you how' long I was his Physician; I gave up the Convalescent Building the :first of January, this year; he was probably my patient some six or eight months prior to

548

night; I have been here at the Institution thirteen

years; I have gone on the wards at times and found

that the nurses, perhaps, that they would have a pa-

tient that was very excited and maybe two or three

nurses having to l;tandle her; well, it would look-as

I would tell the nurses, to try and handle them as well

as they could, because to outsiders it would look like

they might be handling them very roughly, but, of

course I don't think that they would handle them any

rougher than they would have to ; they only use such

force as is necessary to control them; we have, in a

great many instances, some very rough to control

and hard to control; a patient would be right hard

to control, and it would look to outsiders or somebody

that didn't realize it or know about it that they were

handling them roughly, and I spoke to the patients,

~i.L

as I have told thES nurses-that it might seem that

they were handling them roughly, but I know the

nurses were :not handling them any rougher than

they could help; I don't recollect that I ever had any

of the patients to complain to me that the nl!.rses

treated them or handled them brutally; I have seen

bn1ises on the patients, but how it got there I don't

know; if I see a bruise on a patient I always investi-

gate it and try to find out how that patient got the

bruises; where a patient sometimes gets excited, and

maybe a nurse will have to lock her up for an hour

or so-lock them up for a few hours-in holding her

it will sometimes bruise her; I never heard or knew

of a n"!lrse's choking them with a towel, into submis-

SlOn.

Patients are not forced to do anything at all, if

-101

T'. H. DESAUSSURE, Sworn, testified:
I am Engineer of the Institut-ion; the Engineer has charge of the mechanical department, the buildings, grounds and machinery ~nd lighting, plumbing, steam fitting and sewerage; I have no assistants, I have workmen under me, they vary from forty to eighty, according to the work tha.t is being done; the pumping station is under me also; we pump in the neighborhood of 450,000 gallons of water during the summer time, and in the winter time it is some~ what less, ample for the needs; we pump only for the Insti.tution; no taps on the line whatever; the farm has waterworks of its own, that isn't con:... nec:ted with the' Institution water works up on the river.
We buy our electric current from the Oconee River ~lills, -their statron is abo1~t three miles from here. vVe pay for the current, four cents and eightysix one-hundredths of a cent per kilowatt; we are just about getting to burn the lights, and we can't tell just yet what the electric lighting costs per year. I don't think it would be cheaper to have this in connection with the waterworks; we haven~t a dam at the water plant, nothing to generate ele0tricity, no machinery there except p1-imping machinery.
As to the needs of the Institution, we ought to have a reservoir with larger water capacity, I think; we have direct pressure, we can put 110 to 150 pounds, if necessary-70 pounds is considered good fire-fighting pressure, so as to protect all the buildings. As to the larger reservoir, that is essential,
550

; I graduated as a: :professional: nurse from the

City Hospital, in Nashville, Tennessee. I go

through my wards every day; and sometimes two or

three times a day, if I am needed; in passing through'

a ward, if I saw a door locked, in which a patient was confined -for: violence or anything of the kind, I

always unlock the door and go and see about her ; when a patie~fhas to be confined, I always g? in and see her; it would not be possible for one of the

patients to be locked llp in one of the roomz any

length of .time and mistreated by a nurse, without

my knowledge.

... '

. j





'







~



. If these nurses had only six or eight hours a day,_

r ~hink they. could be made as <proficient as any

nurses turn~d out by any hospital;. we have as nice

girls here ~s you: could find ip any hospital anywher~,

and I think, if they had shorter hours for duty and

I

'

: ,

'

'

longer P.ours for study, they could be made as pro-

.fici~nt as anyone; I thinlc a properly. organized and

properly carried orl.. training school. wouid .be ben-

e~cl~l to our .corp,s of nurses here; I think ~e n~ed

t4~t, training school.

. .



.: I don't know that the convalescent patients have sufficient recreation and amusements; there;s 01:ie t}fing they are always begging me for-m1;1sic on the w~rd, they all like music, and if they had some instruments, organ or piano, on all the wards, it would be better, I think; I don't think we have but three or four instruments in the house; I hardly know what . to suggest in the way of amusements, what would in-. terest the ladies in the way of games, it's right hard
403

..,I .

building; we have a fire department here, and have a fire drill every two weeks; the men come out and handle the hose, open the fire plugs and clear out the nozzles and play water 'round, just to familiarize themselves with the management of it; the male attendants compose that fiTe department.
I look after the sewerage and plumbing; the condition of the plumbing is very good; the sewerage is very good; we carry our sewerage off to the creek about a mile and a quarter from the buildings; the plumbing has been-some of the closets have been defective, and we are gradually renewing them; I think there are perhaps about twelve more to be renewed, then they will al~ be in good, first-class condition; I would say first-class condition for all the buildings with that exception; it will compare with the plumbing of any other building of like character and for like uses; some of the bath tubs in the buildings are old cast iron and black on the inside,~ never been enamelled, they were put in there before the days of enamelling bath tubs; if the gentlemen would give us the money, we would be glad to put in something better, an iron enamelled tub, J>Orcelain is better than that, I don't know of anything better than porcelain; to equip the entire buildings with porcelain bath tubs; they cost about two or three hundred dollars apiece; this Institution is worthy of the very best, but I don't think a porcelain tub would be appropriate-a porcelain lined tub would do better than a porcelain tub for Institutional work; it is practically as good as an all-porcelain tub, as far as sanitation goes; a porcelain tub
552

IRA HEMPHILL, Sworn, testified:
I have been employed here about twenty years; at the present time I am Assistant SupervisDr; as such I attend to the office, do the office work and make a round every day; we have reports to get up every morning, and to go around and visit the sick; we return those reports here at the Superintendent's office; during the day, I go through every male ward on the grounds.
As Assistant Supervisor, I work under orders : from Mr. Simpson, the Supervisor. As Assistant. Supervisor, I visit the dining roomS:; I go in there ' everi meal, sometimes ahead of the regular. meat ' and sometimes later; we _generally overlook the meals when we are in there at meal times; it's very; rare that we aren't theTe all the time during .meaL; times; the food is all handed in there to Mr. Blood w0rt:h,. he is in charge of the dining room, he issues. it out to each ward and sees to its being :issued 1 around. eqmully, all the way around, it is sent there' in vessels; after it gets to each dining room, theattendants divide it into individual plates; and the patients helps them; the attendants always come down to see that there is no place neglected; the. rations for the attendants' tables isn't set into indk vichial plates, it's just set on the table, but-the patients:' food is divided up. into individual dishes; I think sufficient quantity for any one man is. furnished each patient; I think they each gets . enough for one man; I think it is prepared and r, cooked properly, cooked in large quantity as it is;
405 .

agement of the Institution desired to introduce certain witnesses, which witnesses were not then accessible, Representative Carswell, as a sub-committee of one, :would, upon notification of the managem\:)nt of the Sanitarium, proceed to Milledgeville, upon a day to be fixed by him, and take the testimony- of such witnesses as said management desired :to iutro~. duce, and to incorporate the same jnto and as a part of the record, for the consideration of the whole.
ol Committee. The O"ommittee to meet in the city
Atlanta, in the Senate Chamber, in the State Capi- tol, on the 20th day of December, to hear s~ch qther and fmther evidence, and for such other busines1? as. might properly orne before it at said time.
. j
.: j
I
Pursuant to adjournment, the hearing was resumed on December 8th, 1909, in the Sanitarium, near Milledgeville, Georgia, Representative Cars~ well, under directions of the Committee, acting as a committee of one in the taking of the evidence. The following proceedings were had and testimony taken:

H. B. FLUERY, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

I am a n_urse here, and have been here about thirty-one months; I knew a man by the n~me of

R. R. Dunnington; I worked on the ward with him;

'

. 1 ~ ~.

554

there in that room that he has there; nor soda water or soft drinks of any kind; the general stuff that he keeps there for sale is canned goods, candy, cigars, tobacco, and fruits, such as that; I know of him selling patients from there; the patients generally make out an order of what they want and the Doctor will approve it, and then Mr. Simpson furnishes it to the nurse ; sometimes they have change in their pockets, the patients do, and they go there and buy tobacco and cigars and cigarettes, but if there is a bill, they generally get an order for it always; the reason I say they get an order from the Physician, is because the Physician has charge of the patient; Mr. Lamar has charge of the patients' money, jf it's very much, we l~eep anything under a dollar over there at the Supervisor's office-have a book for it.; I don't know as I ever saw over seven or eight dollars of the patients' money there, there's a little box there that he keeps it in, and a book for it; I never heard any complaints of the patients that Mr. Simpson failed to return the money to him, or give him the proper amount of goods for it.
I know Mr. J. E. Bloodworth, he's the dining room man-an attendant there; there used to be a man employed here by the name of Farlandore; I knew Mr. Pool while.he was here; I don't know of any mistreatment to him, he had a difficulty, I believe, with Mr. Hawkins, on one occasion; I don't know anything about it, I didn't see it. I don't know of any mistreatment by any of the attendants of any of the patients there; I never saw any rough treatment; I have been here about twenty years;
407

-
in there and seized him, I just locked his door and put him in the wire-guard room, and we couldn't get the window to lock, and so we taken him and put him in one that would lock, and came out and locked the door; we didn't leave him in an unconscious condition none of the attendants struck Mr. Dunnington; he stayed in that room where we put him that time until the next morning; I don't know what condition he was in the next morning; he wasn't on the hall that I was on, but Mr. Simpson seen him the next morning -Mr. Simpson was the man that looked at him the next morning-I didn't see him myself; I was called in to help, on that occasion, Mr. Harris was by himself and didn't want to go in on him, and wanted to get him out and lock him up without having any trouble with him; the purpose in getting several attendants was to manage him so that he wouldn't hurt any of them; it took several attendants to handle him at such times.
M. L. T'HOMP.SON, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I'm a nurse here, and have been about :five years and ten months ; I never had a man by the name of R. E. Dunnington on my ward, I assisted in locking him up one time, I suppose he refused to go to bed at nine o'clock, and his attendant couldn't get him to go to bed; he backed up in his room with a chair, and the attendant had to call for help; Mr. Fluei'y, Mr. Hadaway and myself assisted him in locking
556

edge or presence; I suppose you could carry them all away in a crocus sack; they just let them have it to accommodate Mr. Simpson, I suppose; they generalJy charge everything that goes out. I have never known since I have been here of any time when all of the Physicians on this property were away from here at once, nor heard anybody come here and ask 'for Physicians and couldn't find them; I don't know of my own knowledge, how often the Physicians leave here and go oif hunting, anything of that kind. I have never known Mr. Hollinshead to take the mules and wagons and use them for his own private use on his premises, hauling charcoal, or using them on his own premises, building up his premises.
I get $35.00 a month wages.
Mr. Pool was. a pretty crazy man; when he :first carne here, he was violent; he was a great deal worse when he had those epileptic :fits, of course. I don't have any idea that the average daily sale of Mr. Simpson's little store down there would be over a dollar, maybe not that much; the store he has been running belongs to himself, away from th_e Sanita~ riurn, his wife runs that for him, he doesn't take up any of his time running that, and these things that he sells at the Sanitarium are things that he brings down from his store; the room that stuff is kept in is just like the others, ten by twelve, I suppose; there is no desk in it, there is a bureau and a tablet, scratch tablet; there's a bed in there, I don't know that anybody specially sleeps in there; it isn't used by any of the authorities for anything,, except for
409

that he would resist you, and we got that many to avoid hurting him or to avoid any of the attendants getting hurt, was the reason that there was as many of us as there was. I do not force my men to work; I ask them kindly to help keep the ward in condition; but don't make them do it, if they are not willing to do it, I let them alone. I have no recollection of seeing any other attendant mistreat a patient; if one attendant were to mistreat a patient and another attendant saw it, he would report "it to the Assistant Physician or to the Supervisor; there is, no under standing among the attendants that they mistreat patients and keep it from the officials; I ask the pa- tients to help me with my work, and if they refuse, I let them alone, if they are not willing to help, that's the rule.
N. J. LARY, 'Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I am night-watch, and have been about thirteen
months; I was- on day duty while Mr. Dunnington
waS' here; I think I had trouble with Mr. Dunnington while I was on day duty; I had him on the hall with :rrie, three different times; while I was in charge of the ward-I w~s in charge previous to night watching, and I had him on the ward with me three differ. ent times; abo~1t the trouble I had with him to begin with, in first moving him to T' ward, that I was in charge of, he wasn't in the ward more than two
558
. ; -~ .. _:-l
j
'

about the case, Dr. Longino discharged him; it has been sometime ago, I can't give you the exact date without I had the book; to guess at it, he stayed out of the service maybe a couple of months, maybe not so long, and is now back there as an attendant. I didn't investigate the charges against the negro; the Doctor came and told me to discharge him; I don't know that Dr. Longino saw })is cruelty to the patient or not; he was in the examining room,-the explanation that I got from him,-and they were making a noise out there, and he asked them to move a man away from there,-the fellow was named Bowden, making the fuss,-I don't know whether he was examining him or vaccinating him; he moved him, and the patient got a lii:ttle bruise on the arm, not enough to make him bleed, and he accused him of being rough to him.
We have three dining rooms on the male side; I don't visit these dining rooms each meal to see what is placed on the tables ; Doctor Jones can answer whose duty it is to do that better than I can; I don't know the ru1es on that; I do that as often as I can. That food is carried into the dining room from the general kitchen in large vessels, what they call mess pans. After it gets into the dining moms it is divided up by the attendants into plates :fixed there, and for breakfast each one has hash, hominy, _pone of bread and one of the rolls-light rolls they cull ,it,-for each patient. The food for the attendants is just brought in and they get their own food from the pans; the patients and the attendants all eat about the S'ame time. There is no difference in the
411

l. i
l.~./..(.1

he undertaken to make Mr. Harkness hush, and he tried to fight him; he tried to make him hush by just

\

;I
. l

talking to him, abused him like, I don't remember

the exact words he said to him; he cursed at him

and abused him in his language-using ahnsive lan-

guage to him, and Harkness would curse back at him,

and of course, that would naturally cause a fight,

you know, they were engaged in a difficulty whe'n I

interfered; I did call -on another attendant to help

me, but he didn't fight me ,on this occasion, we locked

him up without-he didn't resist being locked up on

this occasion; when I had the difficulty with him, I

did call on the attendants to help me; one of the at-

tendants came to me, the attendant did come to me,

but it was after he hit me that he did-I grabbed at

him .and held him until the attendant got there and

he assisted me in locking him up, that atte.ndant was

Mr. Harris, he isn't here now, he's gone; in locking

him up, we didn't force him, or tie him, or drag him,

or beat him or anything of that kind,_ jus.t took hold

-of him, got hold -of his arms and legs; of course, if

he co'mmenced kicking, we would get hold of his

legs, and of course, if he tried to strike you, get hold

of his arms, you know, and carried him to his l'OOm

that way; I am acquainted with Dunnington's reputa-

tion for peace and violence as established in this In-

stitution; he was very apt to raise difficulties wher-

ever he could-he was very crabbed and cross; he got

along with the patients in general; very bad, gen-

erally; so far as my best recollection goes, those dif-

ficulties that he had with the patients, arose through

his fault, generally; he showed a disposition to im-

560

~di['le .and :;bought goods from :him; I might have

ji;Jqughksome .tobacco from: him then, I bought noth-

jpg; else ;ihe:,kept some:.tobacco in the Twin Building,

3mol\:j_ng- tohac_co. and.some chewing tobacco,: four or

Jive -y!'l.ats; ago ;J1e,:never kept. any canned. goods -over

there. as.ti lmow: of; I never saw a canvas ham there

for l'!ale. Thave seen soda--water there, -1 couldn't

tell you:.aboJJtCoca~Oo1a; M:e. SimpS'on didn't have

anything to do with it, though, when I was there;

Mr. John Hardin did, and J olm Bloodworth taken

his place; I don't know anything about it, though, it

might have been Mr. Simpson's soda water; I don't

know whether he has, got any now, .I haven't been in

the Building, it will be :five years next June since I

:was 1in Jhe ,Building', but; one of: these young men

:were 1r~uiin1ng: the _sarrie kin:d.of place ~:five .years 'ago ;

.'. : ~

"llQW -H'ar'Bin, it' might _have _ been a little .over :five

years-,-when.he :was .there.

'I keep no money at all of the patients; what

'., . . , . ! . . .. t

.

.

lJIOlitryI receive'frmp'Jhem'I'turn over to the stew-

_ard; they pay me $50:oo a :r;nonth salary.

,I have )lear.d .the Trustees here. prosecuted atte.n.Qants down therefor maltreatment of the patients qown there, and put them in the chain-ga:t+g; _I don't know wl1ether the Trustees done it,-I have heard .of. one, I. know .of one- that was prosecuted and conv'icted;liis name:was Rutherford, but I can't. think of ,his giv_enname,__:_,_Jim Rutherford, I 'think, I'm not positive. about his name being Jim; I don't -remember.hnw long ago that has been; I was Supervi~sor.onthose wards at_ tha-t time; it'S' been something over a year ago he served his sentence out, Lthink

413

he would quit when he got ready, that the attendant hadn't told h.im not to, nor to quit blowing it, and, he cussed him to a damn son of a bitch and,grab~~~-. hili! a. chair1 hit him twice,--;Dr:..S~int was waiting on. me at the same tim_e and.he jumped out of. the .1/_ed: and hit him twice with tb.e chair on the ar!p.-like to broke Stansell's arm; I don't mean Dr. S~int w~s present at that time; he was waiting on the patient at the time, I mean; we carried him down to the wireguard-I walked on down with Mr. Kitchen until_we got down to the wire-guard, I wasn't going. to do nothing tohim, I was just going to keep him from fighting, and he cussed Mr. Kitchen to all kinds of a damn son of bitch and said nobody in the Asylum but son of bitches-he didn't seem to appreciate nothing; the Doctor ~eemed to feed him too ~good,; ordered-him a steak twice .a day anda pintof milk;: andit come to the attendants' table.and Ltaken care, of it, for Dunnington, and he didn't seem to appre-1 ciate -the treatment of ,the Asylum, no'r"nobody. :in~ the Asylum; but-after he was put in the wire~guard___,__,__ I didn't :finish that-he cussed me to a damn son of a bitch, and when he. got out, Mr. Hubbard told me: ''don't touch him;'' I done as Mr. Hubbard told me, and I says ''all right,'' and he jumped up and says,. '' ol1, 'yoi.1 fucked your mother and your sister'' -started that in my . face-' '-and you are a damn son of a bitch," and .everything else; Mr. Hubbard said, "just pull off your clothes and get in the wire-guard;" he said Hubbard was nothing but a lo;-do:wn son of a bitch, when he pt1t him in the; wire-guard-cussed Mr. Hubbard and everybody-else to a damn son of a bitch---:-that's the way of the start-
562

I know a Charles Jones from Chatham County, who was on my ward at one time, he is not now; I can't recollect ever having any dif-ficulty with him. I never did strike him because he refused to work when I ordered him to do it; I swear that positively; it has been about eighteen months ago since Charles vV. Jones was under my care; as to Charles W. Jones' mental condition when I was- in charge of him; he was full of delusions; he imagine'd that I would heat his feet up by putting fire to them-just full of delusions; I never saw any of the rest of the attendants maltreat him in any way; I don't think he ever was locked up for disobedience under me; I never saw any wounds or bruises on him, in any way.
Regarding the S'couring and scrubbing of those wards; the rule is we do it, and we get the patients to help that will, because we need the help, we go to scouring, why it's a right smart of a job, and we do the scrubbing and they take up the water principally, with a dry mop; the patients don't object, a lot of them are doing that work; those who do work receive no better attention or more liberties from me than those who refuse to work; I treat them all just alike, I don't show no difference to any of them
all at all; they are all fed alike and they fare the
same; no patient on my ward has been locked up because they refused to do work; I have got a number of patients now that don't hit a lick of work, and they have the liberty of the hall; other attendants might lock them up for failure to work or refusing to work; I can't recollect, it might have been
415

him, he struck me up side of the head, but that didn't stop me from stopping him taking the patient's meat.

After he was moved on U, down on U ward-the Doc-

tor moved him, that was after they moved him off X

hall, and one morning I started to breakfast-there

was another patient by the name of Norton, who had the rhel~matism, he walked crippled-'-I didn't pay

no attention to Dunnington, started on to my break-

fast, as usual, and as I passed him he started at me

with his left hand, that way (illustrating) and struck me with a st~ip of iron or something, I think, though~

by the way it popped, it was a strip of iron, if I had

stepped another step he would have busted my skull,

he would have struck me rlght square in the temple,

.he came mighty near bustin my skull as it was, he

struck me right up there (indicating) with it, done

his best to kill me; it certainly did knock me down, 1

wasn't expecti:rtg a blow from him at all, he just

walked up and catched Norton's right hand-well,

you know, he hits left-handed. He told the Doctor

and attendant that he expected to kill me when he

got out of the wire-guard, with a mop if he couldn't

get hold of anything else-said he was going to kill

me with a mop if he couldn't get anything else; I

knew him to have trouble with the other patients,

plenty of them-that fellow Russell, that came from

Augusta, you know, epileptic-I don't know their

names, but I know their faces-he was pla:ying cards with him and hauled away with his fist ~mel hit him

on the nose, made it bleed-let's see, he had twq or

three fights' in the dining room-he was fighting

!

_ mighty near all the time; it looked like he would pick

!

out as weak a man as he could to fight, something, you

5G4

Twin Building there, and bought goods from him; most every day I buy something for myself or some of the patients; I don't recollect how long that little store room has been running there in that T'win Building, I reckon four or five years, several years, though, I know; I don't know what is sold out of that a day; he sells a good many candies; pretty well all the attendants go there and buy from him, I might say all of them, something like tobacco; I suppose the sales of that place would amount up to $5.00 a day. Last week, one of my patients gave me fifty cents to buy smoking tobacco and he d~dn't have it and I went to Midway and I got ten sacks for him, and I had been getting twelve from Simpson, so he has been selling cheaper than you could get it outside for; he has got a store out at home, a mile and a half, I suppose from here; he goes out at night; his time of leaving duty is nine o'clock every other night, and he is here every morning before sun-up; of course, he's in his little store in the building S'ometimes, I don't know how much time he's there, I don't often meet him there, the attendants on the w~rd sell the goods when he isn't there; ::_ don't know whether they get any commission or not, it has just been a little general business of Mr. Simpson's alone; I don't think he has got any partners in it.
I have never seen any of the Physicians or authorities here, go there and buy things from that little store of his in the Twin Building, just the attendants; the patients get money in le'tters, you know, a dollar, say, at a time, and they want to-
417
14-inv

money out of their pockets and give it to me; I have

been here two years and know Mr. Beck ain't even

looked cross~eyed at me, that's the truth, Mr. Beck is

just like a father tb me and all his patients, and

when a man is sick on his ward, if he thinks a man

is sick and needs a piece of steak, he takes it him-

self, picks up a dish from his table and gives it to

him himself; I work in the dining room; I worked

there all last year; them that work in the dining

room get some more to eat than the others, they get

butter and a little more meat to eat; theni that work

in the dining room, waiting on the attendants' table,

you get a little bit more, but them that wait on the

patients don't; the attendants don't have any better

food than the patients, outside of a little piece of

nieat-now some of them might send and get some-

thl.ng.. T'wo was all the fusses I had with Dunning.:.

ton while he was here; I am not a physically better

man than he; I ain't got but one side, my left side

aint no good to me, my heart is bad; this man Pope

is a weakly man, Dunnington's a better man than

him, because Dunnington don't have fits and he does,

and that's weakening, you know. As to why I am

now in the Asylum, I know the nature of my trouble,

me I was sent over here for a gun scrape, is what they
charge with, I suppose they had it insanity, I am

not _an epileptic~ I never had no kind of fit in my life,

no kind of spells at all. The whole time I have

be.en here, I have never seen any mistreatment by

I

any of tl1e attendants to any of the patients, nothing . mo~e than when a patient gets to cutting up and

;rearing and cussing, an attendant will go and carry.

566

ii .

room; well, he didn't want to muoh, and I insisted

on him rubbing, and he got mad with me and never

has had no more use for me since then; he said he

hadn't been in the habit of rubbing, and I told him

it wouldn't do him no b:arm, it would him good to

dry-rub his floor, and he rubbed it; I didn't make

him, I insisted on him rubbing, but I dicln 't force

him to do it; I clidn 't put my hands on him, nor

strike him, nor choke him, nor knock him down; dur-

ing that time that he was in that ward I have no

recollection of him ever having been injured, or re-

ceiving any injury of any sort from any body; Doc-

tor Green waS' the Physician in charge of that ward

at that time; Mr. Jones made complaint about him

having to rub, tha:t his mother clidn 't want him to

work, but I don't know that he made any complaint

:-.rY .

that I or any of the other attendants had struck him

.., .)~~~{

or mistreated him.

It is the attendants' duty to look after the rooms and the bedding; I am an attendant myself; the night watch looks after the removal ofthe discharges of the patients during the night; I don't know about that; during the clay, when I go on chi.ty and up until nine o'clock, it certainly is kept removed; the inmates notify me in regard to that if they are up, they call my attention to it; those that can, go to the closet; some of them do that through the night.

As to the condition of the bedding, I haven't 8'een a chinch on my beds in I don't know when; I frequently make inspection to see the oleanliness of the bed-clothes; that is done about every three or four weeks; we make a general oiling frequently,-

419

along well at all. I don't make the patients work;

: ~

I have never seen anybody mistreat Mr. Dunning-

ton. I knew Mr. Dunnington, while he was confined

here several months, I would see him and know what

his name was. I don't remember that exact time he

was on the ward I was connected with, some two

or three months, though, I would say, probably three

months; I know his general reputation for violence

or peaceableness, his general reputation was, he was

always in difficulties with the patients, and was very

hard to get along with-he was always :fighting some-

body; at the time that he had this trouble with Car-

ter, that I spoke of just now, there was no unneces-

sary violence whatever used in putting him up-in

locking him up in the wire-guard; there was no un-

necessary force used; there was no injury done by

any of \the ~cttendants. to Dlmnington, he wasn't

locked up at that time; I did see him locked up at

the time that he was in the :fight with Pope, we taken

him to the room and locked him up then, I don't

think he was locked up that time but about a couple

of days-best of my memory; as to how many of us

it took to lock him up, why, there was only two of

us attendants taken hold of him and carried him to

the room, he resisted a little. I didn't see Mr. Car-

ter with the knife or nail, something of that kind,

in his hand before I went on him; I didn't tell Dun-

nington ''he has got a knife or nail, you go take it

away from him." Mr. Hubbard, the head attendant,

didn't leave me there to look after these men when

they were in this position, one with a knife or nail;

I didn't know that Carter had the nail when Dun-

nington went on to him, I didn't tell Mr. Dunni:qgton

568

being made to a patient I never have made any of that sort; I don't think the pattents are generally urn:der fear of their attendants; they hate ito. be locked up in those rooms, they have a horror of being locked up and that keeps them down; I can't say that the very fact that they might be locked up intimidates a lot of them to work vVe ask them in a kind way to 'help uS' out; they are not asked in an abrupt way, commanding way, and it's a very rare thing that they wo:ri 't help the attendants work; we reason with them in regard to the necessity of taking exerCl'se.
How I estimated Mr. Simpson's sales at $5:oo a
clay; I have heard Mr. Harde:J;!, the attendant on that ward, say he sold right srmart of goods clown there; I only know from what Harden told me.
.A. J. HAWEINS, Sworn, testified:
I have been here twenty-seven years, as a nurse-, the biggest portion of the time, I night-watched too;
l stayed on the first hall, and they had the males
here, this Center Building, stayed there twQ years lacking one month, until Dr. Powell put me in charge of the ward down at the detached building; I stayed there until I was transferred over to the Twin Building, with the exception of a month or two at the time; I night watched over here at the Convales_cmit Building, two Qr three months; my general duties are to look after the sick, principally, keep
421

syrup, b~1tter, coffee, light bread, it is. always served

in a sufficient amount for anybody; there is. most al-

ways something left on the table from every meal. It

isn't often' the case that ,everything that is on the

table is eaten; I think really they ought to have a

:1

I
. I

little more than they get, but the main thing, I think,

I

I i

it isn't prepared like "it ought to be, in some in-

'

stances, it isn't properly prepared, I think, is' the

main trouble; but so far as the quantity of it is

concerned, I think they have enough; it is prepared

in this way; in cooking vegetables over there, they

put them, over there, in the pot, they don't cook any

meat with them, and when they are taken up they

are never cut up, you know, tore apart, you know,

none of them seasoned like they ought to be, but

especially in the T'win Building, over there, the eat-

ing over there is pretty tough, the way they prepare

it; while the quantity of it, I think they have plenty

of the quantity, but the quality is pretty tough, some-

times, I think, there is enough of it, but the way it is

served is what I don't like; the meat is all right and

iS' cooked all right, and the bread is just as good as

it could be, I think, I think it's all right too; the

vegetables is the only thing that I complain of, I

think they ought to be cooked better, ought to be

seasoned more highly.

A. J. HAvVKINS, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
. I know about Mr. R. E. Dunnington, he was a patient here at one time; he was moved on my ward
570

what patients he fought besides Waters' he picked up a spittoon one day and throwed it at a patient by the name of Miller; Mr. Miller is here now, on my ward; his name is Henry Miller; Miller was doing nothing at all to him; I don't know why he fought me, I went to his room one night-he was noisy in there, cussing, and I knew what sort of patient he wasc_he was very violent at times-and I decided I had better go in there and move his bed-stead out for fear he might do some harm with it-tear it up-and I went in there, he was lying right flat of his back covered up, had a spread pulled up over his chest and had his eyes shut; I walked up to him, caught hold of his shoulder and shook him, says I, "Mr. Pool, get up, I want to m0ve this bed-stead;" he was noisy before I went in there, he saw me coming, me and the night watch, he saw the light and he hushed; that was between ten and eleven o'clock; I had never gone to sleep, I had gone to bed; I had never been in there to him since I locked up that night; I stayed there on the ward all the time; m:y bed was, I suppose, twenty-five yards from him, his door was shut and locked; I went there because I was afraid he would do damage with that bed-stead, tear it up, something of that kind; he had been in there a good while, and hadn't tore it up or hurt anybody, because whenever he got on those tears I took his bed-stead away from him and put him on the floor and then gave it back to him when he got all right; if you had to stay here you would soon :find out how they tear up a bed-stead, they do it by main strength, that's all; he didn't have anything in there to tear up a bed-stead with, he would
423

I-
'
the 4th o.f January last, and he was moved down, there for fighting, I suppose, off of X ward, and the_ next-!liorning he had a fight coming to the dining_ room with Mr. Carter, another patient-lmocked him in the head with a piece of iTon, foot of an iron fender-a wire fender, that went over the register; Mr. Dunnington was inclined to raise difficulties himself, and raised them himself, he was hard to get along with, while he wM with me; I had occasion to have to lock him up, confine him, but I didn't ever have
to use any undue force with "him, or injure him in
any way at all, he never resisted me either time-Ilocked him up twice, while I had him; I nevei' choked him while I was in charge of him, nor beat nor ducked him, nor saw him clucked. I don't compel my patients
' i
to work, none of them l1ave ever been beat because they would not work. The .food is generally_ about the same when the Committee is here and when they are not here, I don't see any difference at all in it; I think it is prepared about as well as it could be expected, considering the quantity it is cooked in- cooking in large quantities, you know, and sometimes it is not really aS' good as.it would be if it wasn't prepared in such large quantities, but as a geneTal thing, it is pretty fair; they all seem to get enough, such as it is.
I am an attendant; I think these patients get as much food as they need, there's a good deal of complaint about it, but I suppose it's gEmerally pretty much one diet all along, and a fellow gets wore out -on it sometimes; the attendantS' liv'il on the same food that the patients do; altogether, but sometimes, when
571

.. . :~
~K~~~.
. ""'

the Doctor comes. I put State clothes on him, like I usually do; I kept him locked up .in that room sev.en or eight days, I don't remember exactly the number of days; I didn't see his nose hurt that time; I have seen him scratched up, if I ever saw his nose was broken, I dori 't know it; I never saw him fall in an epileptic :fit and break his nose; if he had fallen in an epileptic :fit and broken his nose, I snppose I would have known it, I couldn't say he didn't fall forward in an epileptic :fit and break his nose; I hadn't been attending on him all the time at all, it was the time that he was there in that hall. I swear to this Committee that the 'blood that I washed off that floor and off that. bed and off the clothing of Mr. Pool, came off of me and not out of that patient; I dori 't say every drop of it, he might h0ve fell. off and hurt himself that night, I had already gotten the bed out, but he could have rolled off the mattress and hurt himself, not enough to have broken his nose; I didn't say that his nos'e was broke. To the best of my knowledge, I didn't keep him locked up over six or eight days, I don't remember exactly how long, I didn't keep him there three months. I told Dr. Swint, next morning, of the occurrence; I don't remember exactly what he said; I can't recollect whether he went in there that morning or not and examined him, he did go the next morning. I didn't get any Physician to treat my nose immediately after he broke it or fractured it; Dr. Swint, I showed it to him next morning, he didn't give me anything or .any treatment for_ that nose; I used my own treatment, I washed it off and p:nt some salve on it; I have such things on the ward already; as to
425

any name that sounded like Willett or Willis, there isn't a Willis here now, that I know of, don't know anything about choking Tom Willis or Willett either.
. .'
DOCTOR R. C. SWINT, Recalled, in Rebuttal, testified:
I had Mr. Dunnington under my care, as Assistant Physician, for sometime; he was very irritable and turbulent-always getting into :fights and ma.king accusations against the attendants here; the mere fact Qf the number of wards that Mr. Dunnington was moved on during the time he was in the Institution, speaks for his character; patients after they are admitted to the Sanitarium and classified, are hardly ever transferred from one ward to another unless there is some special reason, and sometimes they may stay here for years with only one or two moves; now, Mr. Dunnington, after he was transferred from the Reception Ward, was put on ward W, and he had a :fight, and was so very much wrought up the next morning, so he complained so, that he didn't like the attendants and the patients on that ward, I had him moved, had him put on the bottom floor, and he stayed down there a short while c<?ntented, but it wasn't many days before he had a :fight with an attendant clown there-I mean with a patient, and bit off the end of one of the patient's :fingers. This patient, at the time, was just getting over an 1:\ttack of paralysis and was practically help-
513

..-,
.)::;s!
! r.

the intervals between the :fits that he had, he was lucid-understood what he was doing, at times; I never called the Doctor when he had a :fit, if you did, it would take about :five hundred doctors to wait on them; I would just let him lie there on the floor untiJ he got up himself. I had previous to this time taken o1it his bed-stead, on more than one. occasion, he was boisterous or troublesome at the time I took it out, and I took it out to keep him from breaking it up Oi' hurting someb\)dy with it, he never said a word to me, the other time; I was about twenty-five yards from him when I heard him in the room,' the nigh( of the difficulty, he was cursing, sometimes he would sing and sometimes curse, and sometimes he would laugh, the noise he was making was above .an average conversation; when I went to his room, he had quit before I got in there; I knew his disposition, and I knew -he would do something if I didn't take that bed-stead out of there; when I went and shook liim, he took out his shoe and hit me on the nose, and fractured it some, and it bled very profusely; I didn't hit him back; I fell right across him; me and the night watch were the only two in the room; one man didn't put one foot on his breast and one man have hold of each hand and a man stand on his stom-
ach; after I went out, I left the mattress in there, I
am sure of that; tliere wasn't any whispering going on outside of that room after the door was dlosed, that I knew of, there wasn't by me, I went on to my room, and the night watch stayed on his du-ties; if the guard_ struck him that night, he ~1idn 't do it while- I was there, I was lmockec! se~seless on
~27

vestigated it; and so I transferred him from there
to X, and he had the difficulty with Carter and Pope
6n X, as has already been related, so I had to move him from there to U ward, and he was on that ward two or three weeks-I don't remember exactly now ' how long, before he was transferred to the Convalescent Building and went- home. Now, I remember very distinctly about Mr. Dunnington tel1ing ine about breaking his finger; I notice that he testified before the Committee that he got a broken finger and his finge~ was neglected. He called my attenton to his finger-I think he got in a fight or probably struck one of the patients or attendants, one, with hi's fist and he told me his finger was. broken, I ex~imned hs finger and his finger was crooked, but no ~vidence of ,any fracture of arry of the bones of the finger, no evidence of any infla~mation, the finger wasn't swollen particularly, it appeared not to be infi'amed in any way at all, there was no evidence of any recent trauma, but I remember his calling In:y attention to it, but it looked more like a baseball finger I never noticed it before, but I was certain it .wasri.'t a recent injury, didn't demand 'any
treatment, if 'it had, I would have.givEm it to him-
it would have been useless to put that finger in a s,plint. Th.e entire time that he was in the Institution he was complaining and getting into :fightsthe fact is, he was the worst patient I believe I ever saw; and his conduct-he was just one of those patients that wanted to have his say about everything and domineering; his conduct outside was of the same ~haracter aS' it was on the inside, except he was worse; I always paid attention to his complaints
575

his bed, the :first thing I did, I walked up to him and

took hold of his shirt sleeves and pulled him, sorter

shook him that way (indicating), I said, "Mr. Pool,

get up, I want to move this bed-stead out, 11 I never

had hold of his flesh, just had hold of his sleeve, that

way (indicating); the night watch was with, John

Gillman, he is still in the employment of this Insti-

tution; the second time I spoke to Mr. Pool, he hit

me with the shoe, he already had it in his hand un-

der. the cover, right up on his breast, and he im-

mediately struck me, I wasn't thinking about such

a thing, and I fell right across him and tried to

keep him from hitting me any more, I fell to. try to

ward the licks' off, and the night watch ran up and

grabbed the shoe and throwed it in the hall, I held

him until the night watch came and helped me; we

".....

took him off his bed, neither of us struck him; I

didn't discover next clay that he was injured; I

made a report of this difficulty to Dr. Swint, I S11P-

pose about nine o'clock the next clay, when he usu-

ally made his rounds; I coulcln 't say whether Dr.

Swint went into the room where I had him confined

that morning or not, he went in the second cla:y; I

don't know whether he discovered anything wrong

with Mr. Pool, he didn't have any injuries; I went

to the room where M1~. Pool was confined during his

confinement there, after he was put in there for this

thing, every clay, that's my business; I discovered

next da:y, that he was bloody;. I knew where it came

.

.

'

from, it came from my own self; Mr.. Pool didn't

tell me 'that he was injured, nor did he ever tell Dr.

Swint or anybody else in my presence that his nose

was badly injured; he remained in this wire-guard

429

it was kept there just simply for the convenience of the patients; Simpson told me that he had Dr. Pow, ell's permission to keep the goods there, for the convenience of the patients, just small articles, like smoking tobacco, some little canned goods, or some. thing of that kind.

J". M. GILLMAN, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

I

My occupation is nurse. I have been connected

I

with the Sanitarium -twenty-three years. I was de-

,.;.,._1j

tailed to the regular night watch's place a night or two, within the last six months.. Mr. Charles W .

I

Vickers, a patient here, stays on Hall number twenty-

!

one, now; he has been on my ward-nineteen, on one

occasion he charged me with being asleep when I

was on duty at night; I don't know anything about

l'

being_asleep on duty-I wasn't asleep on duty, while

I was on the night watch, as to his saying that he

peeped under the door, one night when I was on

duty, and heard me snoring, that is not so, I didn't

do that. I do not k;now about any cruel treatment in-

flicted on any patient by any of the attendants here

now; I think all of the attendants here treat the pa-

tients as kindly and as well as they can.

,:.-..''

578

while on my ward for fighting with a patient. I think the longest time I l\:ept him locked up was ten days and nights; while he was in there, he had to sleep on, as good a cotton mattress as t.Q.ere was o:rt the hall, and plenty of bed clothing, and clothing on his person; he received his Tneals while he was in there three times a day, and water; didn't any of the patients like him ~t all; he was regarded as a violent and quarrelsome man; I don't know anything about his having bit a finger of of somebody.
They all were glad to see P'ool moved; he was regarded as violent and quarrelsome at times, as I stated awhile ago, at times he was very quiet. I never at any time ever saw any of the attendants strike or abuse, or treat roughly, any of the patients in my ward; we have to, sometimes, handle a pa~ tient a little rough, but it's forced on us; I don't use any more force than is necessary to overcome them; I am opposed to fighting, myself; but I say I was very angry when he struck me with the shoe;
a fellow is forced into it on some occasions; f
couldn't Hay positively that some of the blood on his clothes didn't come out of his nose, but I wasn't the cause o it, if it did, it may have come out that night after I left; after I took him out of that room, I put him into what is called the blue-room; I taken him out of the blue-room and put him in another one, but I left him in the same one that night, I taken the bed-stead out, though; I didn't have him exc amined to see whether or not he was hurt .that night; I stated awhile ago I didn't remember whether Do('~
431

tients, and .as I say, aggravating them in many different ways; only recently, directly after the lights were pu-t in, he took one of the electric lights and threw it against the wall and broke it; and he had this trouble with Mr. Gillman that I spoke of awhile ago, before the Committ.ee; I examined this matter and found it to be a physical impossibility for him to see _Mr. Gillman-he was actuated in this charge by the fact that Mr. Gillman had made him leave the 19 ward and go back on his ward, because it was against the rule for patients to roam all about and walk about on the floors, the attendants having as many patientg as they could well look_ after, besides other pat-ients coming down there and having the liberty of the wards, especially such a patient of his characetr; and then, he couldn't have found out about Mr. Gillman being asleep on duty, he couldn't have seen Mr. Gillman, and when he told me that and I investigated the matter and found he couldn't possibly see it, I told him that, and he abused me very muchcalled me a liar and said I was taking up for Mr. Gillman and all; it is a frequent occurrence for him to come up and ~all me a liar, especially if I disagree with him in any way. Taking him all around, he is one of the most disagreable patients I have ever had anything to do with. As to what he was charged with before he came here; he is a sexual pervert, having as a fetich the genital organs of a child. I don't consider him reliable at all, I wouldn't believe him on his oath, because the characteristic of these cases is to lie and steal and everything else; he talks nicely and everything like that, and one not knowing his history would easily believe hrm; the man's mental power is such
580

:{~;;

something-one of the two. It isn't general, when

.,.~,~~':

an epileptic has a :fit, to call a Doctor, they soon

get over it and get up and go along; we just stay by

them until they get better and get up; if they fall

with a :fit right on the hallway, we take them in their

room.; if they have more than one, and continuously

having them, and we think they need the attention

of a Doctor, we call the Doctor, and he comes; some

of them have them convulsions and right down and

right up again-they vary, some of them lie there

~n hour or two and drop right off to sleep as soon

as the convulsion is off; I don't know of any medi-

cal a:ld that can be rendered them in that particular

moment.

I have been here twenty-seven years, and have had experience with epileptics during that time; I have known of them breaking up bed-steads ; I couldn't B'ay, hardly how they -do it, just catch a hold of one foot and slam it against the wall and tear it up; we have patients- that tear up everything you ca~ put in the room, they tear up window-guards, wire-guards and most everything. Mr. Pool wasn't having a convulsion at the time I went in there, the time he injured my nose; I don't remember' how long it had been prior to that that he had a convulsion, I couldn't say that he was just perfectly at himself, at that particular time, he wasn't having a convulsion; he wasn't as rational as he h~d been at other timeg; Mr. Pool would be violent sometimes weeks at a tl.me, whether he was having con. vulsions or not.

I was sworn in the Westmoreland Committee.

t!33

i

an idea of it, when he becomes clepressecl, he walks

',:.:,)

around the ward without any shoes-you can't get

him to wear any shoes, sometimes; I have seen him

with his penis out-I have seen him at times with

his penis out, walking around on the ward his clothes

barely hanging off of him--'he walks around with his

clothes hanging off; at othe:r time,s, he is up in the

air, and talking about all kinds of things; when he

is giving form, expression, to his delusions, such as

what he has clone with women-he has gone 'so far as

to say that some women-well, everything in the

world imaginable, when it comes down to wo:men, his

thoughts are most licentious on those occasiops. As

to whether mental condition of Captain Gee is such

as he could mal"e a coherent statement, based on the

truth, or whether I take it to be true because he made

it at all; no sir, not with his mental condition, and

having gone in his condition as long as he has-after

it has progressed so far-his clementia:__I wouldn't

accept his testimony as reliable at all-in any case

that has gone so far, that is, in his classification, I

wouldn't accept it, after it has gone so far as his

has; there are-patients here who can tell a coherent,

correct, truthful narrative, some of whom I would be-

lieve about as quickly as I would anybody, and believe

them implicitly~ but as to this particular incliviclual,

I wouldn't believe him; that is not because of any

-inherent wickedness or meanness, but I base my

opinion on his mental condition.

582

violent and bad patient that he thought it would be safer to transfer him to the Detached Building, where there wasn't so many patients, and the Detached Building was, as a rule, a place for these violent patients, and he came down with a history of being very violent and noisy after having convulsions; I instructed the attendants to always, when he was having convulsions, remove his bed-steads from th~ room, to keep him from barring himself in and tearing up the bed-steads; as to the trouble that he had with Hawkins, he had so many difficulties and WtJ.S loclred up so many times I didn't know anything about that until I saw Mr. Dunnington's article in the paper; I do remember, however, one morning coming through, that Hawkins told me that he had a difficulty with Pool-; I saw his nose swelled up-Hawkins' _nose-and he toid me it was done b:y Pool striking him, and I asked him about it, ancl dressed his nose, and asked. him if Pool w~s hurt, he said no, so I went in to see Pool, examined l;lirn, found he wasn't _hurt, and asked him about the difficulty, but he waS' so sullen that he woulcln 't talk to me about it much. So the matte-r passed on off, and in. a few clays he was turned out; he had the deformed nose or crooked nose ever since I :first remember seeing him, and so far as his being neg~ lected, it is the rule among the Physicians here, and we carry it out, to see all patients every day, whether they are in the wire-guard room or not; of course, ~ere.are some times that we don't S'ee patients that are locked up every day, that is, I don't, and there i~ a reason for it; a patient that is violent, showing a disposition to be homicicla_l and excited, ea_sily ex-:-
. 4.35

New York State Hospital for the Insane; and at ho-

tels and restaurants besides; as to the quantity and quality of the food here, how it compares wit:h the New York Hospital and other institutions in the

I

New York Hospital we have more variety, sir, but the

amount of food served, I don't think is any more

than we have. I think it is prepared here just as well

as it is in the New York Hospital, so far as my ob- .

servation goes; I consider there is plenty of food

given to the patients here; I think if the Institution

had more money, it would be a great deal 'Qetter, we

could give them a djfferent variety, then, and not

the same food every day. I see this food after it

is put on the ta:ble for them to eat, it is part of my

duty to see that the cooking is well done; after it

is cooked, I go to the dining halls and inspect this

food after it is taken in there for them. On the

Male Department, I do, I have a chance of observing

it in the Male Department, but in the Female De-

partment, I don't as a general thing go into the ]1 e-

made Department, sir, we have practically the same

bill of fare day in and day out, at the end of the year,

it varies some, during the smnmer months, we have

some vegetables, but there are two or three occasions,

two or three times a week that we serve fried souse,

and soups and things of that kind, and mackerel for

breakfast, and cheese two or three times a week, so

there is certainly some variety, sir. The flour and

the beef and everything that is got here is of good

quality; I consider it first-class quality.

584

saw anybody, nor had to discharge any of the at-

tendants, as I remember, for choking him; as tohis

being clucked in the tub until he was almost drowned;

I think that's almost absurd to think about it; I

never saw any of it and know nothing of that, he did

complain to me about the attendants duc1dng him;

I made an investigation of it, and always, I found

that the attendant was simply making him tnl\e a

bath; he was a very stubborn, irritable patient, and

when he would take notions that he didn't want to

do things, he was very hard to get to do them, ar.d

of course, patients of that class, have to- be mnde to

do things, that is, in a gentle way; take bathing day

-of course, if they object to bathing, the instruc-

tions are for the attendants to bathe them anyhow,

however, using no violence; while he was confined

' ' ',

in this wire-guard room there was always a cotton

mattress with bed-clothing for him to sleep on; if

Mr. Dunnington- swore that he was placed in this

wire-guard room without any clothing on his person, and without mattress for him to sl~ep on, I- would

say it isn't true; I wouldn't believe Dunnington on

his oath. Pool, according to mymemory, was never

confined in a room over ten clays, and that confine-

ment then was simply -as a protection to himself as

weU as the other patients; as I have stated, we make

it a rule to visit these-patients every day, unless we

think a visit from us-if the patient iS' wild, noisy,

but eats breakfast all rght, and we think it's best

not to go in every morning, it is possible that I

didn't visit him one day; I would pass through, the

attendants would tell me ho ate his breakfast all

right, cleaned out his plate, and whenever they did

437

ment by the attendants to a patient, I don't think

:.

there would be any hesitancy on, the part of the

other attendants to report :it to Dr. Jones, while I

am staying out in the yards, I have several attend-

ants to go with me and the attendants to assist me,

in the yards, and if there was anything of that kind

going on, any attendant imposed on a patient, I

should let Dr. Green know it, or Dr. .Swint, which-

ever Physician that was in charge of that Building.

I own my home now, I have rented a house from Dr. Jones at one time; I never heard of Dr. Jones keeping an attendant on duty aftei it had been. proven- that he had been mistreating patients in any way whatever. I don't believe fro:q1 my knowledge of. the conduct of this Institution, since I have been here, that any of the Board, attendant Physicians or the Superintendent would allow any 'attendant to stay here at all, if he had been mistreating patients, I h[we never known them to do it-to let .a man stay h~re that imposed on the patients or mistreated them, so far as my knowledge, I have known them to be put out-discharged; whenever there is complaint made to the Doctors of mistreatment of patients, they always investigate it right away.

H. B. Roberts, Sworn, in Rebuttal, testified:

I am an attendant here, on F' hall; I know M_r.
B. G. Camp; I did not threaten him when he came

'...

1586

I
!
epileptic; my impression of Pool is from the very first, he had a crooked nose; now, I can't date that, you see it has been so long that I can't elate that, as to whether it was before or after he had that difficulty-he had so many difficulties I can't place them right now; I saw Pool on the morning that Hawkins called my attention to the condition of his own nose, and at that time Pool was locked up; he had no evidence of being hurt, he never complained to me, the fact is he would hardly talk to me; he was sent from the Green Building on account of his violence and turbulent disposition to fight and to be noisy.
I have known Hawkins about eight years, he.has been in my service practically ever since I have been here--:-'about eight years; I consider Hawkins one of the best attendants on the place; and one of the most reliable; he is a man that has never shown a disposition to shield another attendant, whenever investigations were being made for mistreatruent of patients; he has always been manly enough to come out and acknowledge and help the Physic.jans in making investigations, whenever patiepts reported mistTeatment on the part of their attendants.
I know )VIr. Pool will tell stories at times, because on one occasion specially, he struck a very helpless patient in the dining room with a broom handle and lacerated his lip, and I asked him about it, and he denied it-said that he didn't do it, but he afterwards eonfessed it to some of the patients or attendants; epileptics have strong prejudices, and they are also actuated by delusions and hallucinations, and sometimes, you know, there are forms of ins~~ity
439

having been mistreated on any occasion. As to his claim that he was put in .a room and stripped naked and beaten, and that it was on a very coldnight that he was taken out and stripped and beaten, and I was in there and helped to beat him, I don't lmow anything about that at all; I had never seen him, until that day that they had him down stairs, to know him; and I don't know of any mistreatment or cruel treatment that he received at the hands of any of the attendants here; and I didn't beat him my~elf or treat him cruelly in any way; I didn't know him, as I say-didn't know him at all.
''
W. C. SIMPSON, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I have been connected with this Institution about eleven years, nearly, I know Mr. B. G. Camp, I couldn't say exactly how long I have known him; he was in the Green Building awhile, under Mr. Watson, there in his ward; I do not know .anything about his being mistreated at the time, we had a little disturbance with him one night, he tried to break out of his room and we went in to see what the trou'ble was with him, and we had a fight with him, and he trie'd to kill me with a piece off of a oed spring, I only tried to get hold of him to keep him from hitting me, but I never did succ,eed; only Mr. 0. L. Daniel assisted me, he came to my assistance-he was . night watching extra that night, filling Mr. Kemp's place temporarily; Mr. Camp had knocked out the
588

the members of this Committee and tell certain things and s:ay they are afraid for you to let t1s know it beC'ause they will be. treated badly,. maybe, for it, I frequently have patients come to me ancl tell me things and tell me that they would bave told me earlier but they were afraid they would be punished for
it-it's one thing that characterizes the inmates, r
suppose, of all such Institutions.
I'll give you an outline of our service, we havE~ certain routine work to do, it takes us about two hours every morning to do that routine work--to go through the wards, and of course, after that is completed, why we then make snch dressings-if we have any sores or wounds to dress, those are dressed; the length of our service is about five hoi.us a day; after our rounds are made, those that have reception wards, we go to our office and go to taking notes on the new cases; we begin work, say about half-past eight o'clock, and quit at half-past eleven; then return about two and quit about four or half-past four; most of the time is spent in the office with the new cases, taking notes on them; there is no occasion for Physicians, in passing through a certain ward, where there is nobody sick, to return there more than once; I understand one of the attendants made the statement that we stayed about five minutes on the ward; as a matter of fact, we don't sometimes stay there that long, where the patients are out in the yard, no one in bed sick, all we do is to go through and see the condition of the ward, there is no need tl' go there and sit down-we pass through the ward, and after we get through with the ward, we pass
441

.
...

F. 0. BAT'SON, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

<:
I am employed here at the Sanitarium; I have

been an attendant here; my position with the Insti-

tution now is fireman. I remember a man by the

name of vVillettt-Mr. E. H. Willett, being on the

hall with me; he was not a very good patient, he was

somewhat disagreeable; he accused me of mistreat-

ing him, of choking him. I don't remember on what

occa:sion it was, but it was during the time that Dr.

Hunt was here; .Dr. Hunt told me to make all the pa-

tients that were able, go out in the yard, and Mr.

Willett refused to go, and I told him that he w<:mld

I

a have to go; and he has a private rocking .chair in
his room, and I went in-it's small .chair, and I

.!

taken it by the arm in a gentle way, and started to

.I

~:1

carry him out in the yard, and he jerked loose from

me and picked up the chair and tried to hit me with

it, and I caught the chair with one hand and caught

'his arm, the arm that he had on the chair with the

other, and I jerked the chair loose from him and

taken him by the shoulders like, and started to carry

him down and lock him up in the room, and Mr. Simp-

son came in there abou:t that time and Mr. Simpson

told me not to lock him up if he would promise to

behave himself; so I didn't lock him up. But he

reported me at that time to -Mr. Simpson, for choking

him, and Mr. Simpson examined his throat and neck

and told him, "Mr. Willett, you don't look like you

have been choked,'' and he told me, he says. ''don't

lock him up if he will agree to behave himself;'' so Mr. Willett shook h~mds with me and begged apolo-

gies for trying to hit me with the chair, and in a few

590

nation, both chemical and microscopic and microscopic examination of the faeces; that is made o{ every patient that enters the Institution, and those examinations are kept here for further reference; we have a card index-have a little card with the name printed on there and the County they come from and the duration of the disease, the age and civil condition and the diagno.sis; as to whether we keep any record of their conduct, for violence, while they are here, we don't keep any of the old cas-es, we haven't heretofore, I understand that's going to be the policy-that is, the Medical Director stated that he was going to keep something like that, a diary of the entire proposition while he's here, since we have adopted this card index system that w~ll be an easy matter; anybody that wants to come __, here and see it, we would be glad to show it to him; the fact is, we always refer to this before the patient is discharged from the Institution.
J. vV. GILLMAN, Sworn, testified:
I was present the night that Mr. Hawkins had the trouble with Mr. Pool. I was night-watching that building at the time, and Pool was cutting up considerable in his room, and moving his bed around, jerking it around and making considerable noise, it was an iron bed-stead, and I told Hawkins-Hawkins came out .of his room~and I says, "Hawkins, we'll have to take that man out, he will tear that
443

before I went there; I do not k'now of anybody else
ever having kicked him; I haven'~ seen anybody kick
him. Mr. 0 'Byrne would stop on our hall, which wt;ts against the rules, and I would take him up stairs, to where he belonged a~t; in coming up from the dining room he would get up there and stop, he wouldn't go on up on the hall that he belonged on; in carrying him up stairs, I never did]fave any trouble with him; he didn't. want to go sometimes, and I would tal~e him on up there anyway, I never had to call in assistance to help me take him up; he would always go, I never had to use any violence o1: force to get him up; it wasn't no trouble to get him up; of course, he didn't want to go sometimes, but he would go, though without giving me any trou?le. I have never known any of the attendants to strike him or injure him in any way. vVhen he came here, I think he was pretty destructive-he seemed to be, tore up his clothing; you couldn't keep no clothes on him at all, part of the time; he was right noisy, used bad language; I don't Io1ow that he was ever in any fights, I never have seen him in any :fights; I don't know of his having ever been mistreated 'by any of the attendants. vVhen he went up from the dining room, he didn't have to pass through my ward, but the steps that he went up passed on through, and I was on the bottom floor and he was up over me, and most of the time he would come in there and go clean on down the hall and stop and talk to the patients, you lmow---:it wm~ right smart worrisome, and I thought it was my duty to takel1im up to the ward where he belonged on; in doing that I n~ver did curse him or abuse him in any way, nor hear any other of the attendants do so, or
592

next night or two Hawkins' eyes was very black under there, and his nose was considerably swollen, the skin was broken right across th(;lre (indicating); I didn't hit Pool and Hawkins didn't; he held him while I taken the bed-stead out of the room, he was on the mattress when he hit at Hawkins, and I caught the bed-stead that way (indicating) and gave it a sort of pitch and they both slid off o;n the floor, but Hawkins held his hold and it's a good thing for him that he did; Pool was on hiS' 'back when he hit him with the shoe, but when I taken the stead out, they scuffled to their feet; there was no bruise on Pool at all, he wasn't hit that night by Hawkins rio~ by myself; the attendants had gone off duty; they were in bed; Hawkins had retired and he came out of his bed room and I mentioned it to him-I says, "Hawkins, Pool's going to tear up> that bed-stead, I expect,'' he says, ''Yes, I've been listening to him, I expect we had better get it out;" what led me to believe he was going to tear it up, it had rollers to it, and he was pushing it around the room, I don't know what else he was doing, he was cursing, and he was singing pretty loud, creating considerable noise, and I thought that he would tear up the bed-stead or break out the door or something of that sort; I could hear the noise; you could hear the bed-stead roll about the room; when I went in there it was right in the middle of the room, not where it is usually kept, against the wall ; he hadn't tore up a thing, as far as I could see; when I got in there, he was apparently sleeping, he was in bed, and his hands right
11P there (indicat:lng), _and his hand under the cover,
and when Hawkins spoke to him the second time, he

'.. ~
the Committee was here three weeks ago, whether any difference then from what it was at any other time, if it is, I can't tell it-they never put any of it where I was at. I never did know of any of the attendants to strike Smiih orhurt him in any way at all. I know McKinley, a former employee here, that has been discharged; McKinley knew Smith too, he stayed on the hall that McKinley was .on something like three weeks; they moved him from L ward for :fighting, to J, and he stayed over there with M'cKinley-they moved McKinley there, I think, after they moved Smith over there, and Smith stayed over there somewhere about three weeks and they moved him back there to L; McKinley has. been discharged now. I d?n't know for what, I was staying in one building and he was staying in another. As to the relationship between me and McKinley, why, it seems that he is friendly with me-l saw him since dinner and he spoke to me; he is living out in Midway, right in front of me. If he is following any business, I have never seen it; I don't know of my own knowledge that McKinley has seen John Smith lately. As to how I regarded John Smith with respect to truthful~ ness, well, Mr. Smith, he don't tell the truth very often, if he can help it, I don't think, he would tell a story about the difficulties he would get in whenever he would have a :fight, lay it on .somebody else, the ?ther man was always in fault, every time; he is considerecl a regular :fighter. I don't know of my own knowledge whether Smith ever loaned McKinley any money or not; I never heard Smith say he loaned Mr. McKinley any-I heard him say that he loaned Mr. Willis' some money-W. A. Willis. I
5,94

-the employees has, and I have talked to them about it, none of the authorities have, and that's the way I refreshed myself, by talking to the employees, though I may have remembered it without that; two or three years after this thing happened before I read in the papers about it, as well ;ls I can remember, Pool was a violent man, I have heard some of them speaking about him and they said he was a pretty bad man, that was his character, he was an epileptic. I just knew of Dunnington, I_ saw him once or twice, I never did have any dealings with him whatever though; it was during Dr. Powell's administration that that happened about Pool; I didn't see anybody cleaning up the blood or the room cluring the night. Mr. HawkinS' was pretty bloody; I wasn't here next morni:pg, I went off duty that night, but that night Mr. Hawkins' nose was bleeding considerably, ancl he bathed it in cold water, and I stayed with him and helcl the light until he got through..
I go on duty about nine o'clock, the patients are in bed the~, and I don't see them until I .go off duty, and that's why I didn't see Pool any more than I did, he was locked when I got in and locked when I got off; I did remember Hawkins was hurt, and that's why I can place these circumstances now, it's the injury done Hawkins that keeps it fresh in my mind. I have seen patients hurt; they :fight like anything, sometimes; I never saw a guard hurt a patient, in any way; as I told you awhile ago, I wa:s on the night duty and have been twel].ty-one years, and when I go off duty I go home-I Jive a mile and a half.
,147

thing to him i he cli.dn ;t cb it, and I clidn 't do any-
thing to him, never knocked him down, nor choked him, nor did anything to h!m, never hurt him in any way. When I say I insisted on his working, that
insistence consisted in :iny telling him tJ he would do
it, take some exercise, it would help him, that he stayecl in his room a good deal; I gave him a rub,
a shuck mop; those are pushed up ariel down the hall
by the pa;tients for exercise; I never knew of a patient having been compelled or forced to work, or do anything of that kind; that's the instructions of the Doctors, to ell'courage them to do that kind of work; when they can't get out in the yard or won't go, and Mr. Jones wouldn't go-I wouldn't make him; on rainy days, when they can't get out, I get them to take that exercise, all of the patients that will.
W. L. ROSSEE, Sworn in Re'buttal, testified:
Captain Gee is on my ward; I have charge of the 21st ward; "White Male Department; Captain Gee has a good many delusions, full of them; I wouldn't consider him very reliable in what he wot1ld tell me; Captain Gee said we never had any clippers over there to drink out of-we had dippers, sometimes they would get thrown out of the window, we had a .fellow there that would throw them out, but we would go down and get th~m and bring them back up, and we were never without them long at a time, maybe
596

he had a queer looking nose the first time I ever saw him, I don't know the cause of it, the :first time I went on the ward, it was kinder crooked to one side, it looked to me like, I never did hear nothing about it, nor make any inquiry as to what caused it; that was before he had this difficulty with Mr. Hawkins; say his nose was in that condition before that time. I didn't see him the :first time he entered the Institution; I don't know how long he had been here before I saw him, but his nose was in that condition the :first time I ever saw him; I haven't a:riy recollection of the difficulty that he had with Mr. Hawkins; I wasn,'t in that building at the time; I expect I have heard something about it, but it has been a good while ago, and I don't remember;. I have no recollection about it now, how it happened, only
. I
what I have heard of it r~cently; I have heard some talk of it recently, but I don't know a:r?-ything about it.
As to how I know whether he had that difficulty with Mr. Hawkins, I know I had him, then Mr. Hawkins had him,-I had him on the hall before Haw-:-. kins had him; he was moved over there to _the Detached Building, he stayed in that ]3uilding somewhere, but I didn't know him until I went on the hall where he was; he was moved from where I had him and put under :H)awkins; I h~d charge of him before Mr. Hawkins was .pl!-t in. charge of him i it has been seven or eig'ht years .ago, that I. first had charge of him; I didn't haye charge of him when he first entered the Sanitarium as a patient; he was here sometime before I was put in charge of him.
449
15-inv

in charge, and I would do so, that's understood among the attendants, that the:y are to report any mistreatment of the patients; we sign a statement every month, to the effect that we haven't mistreated any patient, or seen it on the part of any nurse; I sign that strutement every month, and all the others are required to do it too.

G. vV. ROSS, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

I occupy with the Institution, the position of

l . f

scavenger, have been scavenger ever since the 16th

'l

of November, 1903, about six years; I was never on

the hall with Captain Gee, I know very little about

him; as to his statement before the Committee here,

three weeks ago, that I had dragged him up the hall

and cholwd him, I never had my hands on him, never

touched him; I was never in the same building with

Captain Gee; I stay at home every night, and my

duties is on the outside; I never knew of him before

they open~d up them Twin Buildings over there, and

I am very positive I never had any dealings with

him; I never did see anybody else mistreat him, they

were all always treated very well; I never saw any

other patient mistreated by anybody, they always

treated them right.

598

Green Building are not very strong, arid frequently a patient would tear them up; I think I was the first Physician that ever had charge of him; I don't remember anything about his nose at all, not a thing about it, his nose was never injured, to my lmowledge, while he was under my treatment I never heard of his nose being broken until Dunnington charged its being broken here; we didn't then make a physical examination of him, we do now, it isn't accessible, of course, because we didn't make those examinations then as closely as now-we are improving all the time on that line; that was during Doctor Powell's administration.
The following is one of the rules of the Institution:
''All traffic between patients and attendants is forbidden.''
I have heard the evidence about the little store of M:r:. Simpson; I would say that the keep~ng of that store was in violation of this rule, and it was not done to my knowledge, I didn't know that little thing was being carried on over there, if I had I would have stopped it, I have given orders that it be stopped, now, and that no attendant or anybody else be allowed to furnish a patient a thing here; our rules are, when patients get money here-and you will see now on the Steward's books now, between one and two thousand dollars on deposit, now, to buy little things for the patient, the rule is when a patient gets money, it is to be deposited with the Stewaid, and when he wants these little extras, the
451

use. George Ross has never been on the ward with him, and never has dragged him up the hall and choked him; I never have done it and nobody else has done it; Captain Gee has always been treated very kindly here. I do not know of any of tl1e attendants being retained here after it has been proven or shown that they were brutal and mistreated patients. I have never known the management to keep attendants here that would mistreat patients, never kept one once, as soon as it was proved that they mistreated a patient. If I saw an attendant mistreating a patient I would report him to the Physician in charge. Where reports are made to the Physicians, about attendants mistreating patients, the cases are immediately investigated; I have never known a report made to the Doctor of mistreatment of a patient where it wasn't investigated; whether the complaint came from an attendant or from any of the patients, it was attended to and looked into; I knew Dunnington when he was here; he was a bad character; when I say bad, I mea~ he would :fight all the other patients, you know, nearly all the while, and you couldnot please him no way, don't care what you did for him; now, I handled Mr. Dunnington three different times, the :first time I handled Dunnington he gave me very little trouble, and they moved him to the Convalescent over here, like today, and brought him back tomorrow; wen, from then on he gave me all the trouble he could; he was :fighting the old men. My ward is the cripple ward, you know, and he slapped the old fellows off the benches, you know, kicked them and stamped them about, and got one
600

qualified to perform his duties here at the present day and age; he isn't as well up as yolmger doctors that graduated since he did, because they didn't require as much of physicians when he graduated as they do now, but he is qualified to do what he has to do-he doesn't have much work to do, he is Assistant Superintendent and spends a good deal of time looking after the wards and the general conduct of everything; he don't have charge of these new cases when they come in, these younger Doctors have charge of them; we keep up with reports of other institutions; we have all the new journals that come out-we have $75.00 worth of medical journals a year that comes out; the very latest ones on insanity and everything else, placed before these Doctors to read, and we have these clinical meetings once a week, the whole staff meets and we talk over these things, and we are obliged to keep abreast of the times; we try to do it all the time. I certainly do acquiesce in the report of the Board of Trustees, in their recommendation for certain changes in legislation foi' the betterment of this Institution.
I have no stated times to visit each building here; there. is a great deal of my work that's execntive and office work; I have no stated time; it is required of the Assistant Superintendent to go around once a week and make a report to the Superintendent; I heard that witness' testimony that he stayed here twelve years and never .saw Dr. Powell during the whole time; he's mistaken about that; I would say there is not a patient here that's been here two years that I haven't seen personally, because I make it n
453

C. C. CHAMBERS, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I am employed here as a nurse or attendant; I have been on the ward with Captain Gee; that was when I first came here, about seven years ago or close on to it; Captain Gee was one of the most disagreeablest men I ever had anything to do w:i:th, filthy and nasty; he would have delusions, and you couldn't put no confidence in what he said.
G'eorge Ross was never on the ward with him, not that I know of; I never did see anybody mistreat him; I was with Mr. Ross eighteen months and Ross was always good and kind to Captain Gee and everybody else that was on the ward; I never saw him mistreated in my life, and then I kept him three years myself; I never did mistreat the Captain; I would like to tell you something that he told Doctor Powell, to show you that you can't put no confidence in what old Oaptain Gee says; there was a t~me while I had him, three years, that I had him over there, before ever he came to the Convalescent over here, Doctor Powell was over there one day and he met Captain Gee or Captain Gee met him coming down the gang-way, coming down to the building; well, they talked a good while, and the next morning Doctor Green come through, he told me that Doctor Powell told him that he saw me choke one of the men nearly to death; so next morning Dr. Green made one of his rounds, and he asked me was I guilty of it, and I says no, there's nothing of it, and I says, "I'll leave it with Captain Gee, and whatever he says I'm willing to abide by;" he says, "where is he~" I sayS', "down in his room;" me and Dr.
602

new ones here as internes; aft(;lr they have served for twelve months.and they seem suitable for the work and we think they will do, why, we recommend to the Board that they be examined, and if they stand a satisfactory examination, why they are put on the Staff; if not, they are not given positions; these internes look after the chronic cases, there's others that have charge of acute cases, and that gives them more time to look after them; I did have one that failed in his first examination; he had charge of some chronic cases on the outside; cases that don't require any special skill-cases like that.
MILLER S. BELL, Sworn, testified :
My busines is banking; I live in Milledgeville; I have known A. J. Hawkins possibly twenty-two or three years, continuously; I knew him intimately some twenty years' ago, I saw him perhaps half dozen times a day sometimes, and I always held him in the highest esteem; I have always regarded him as a man worthy of trust; of late years I haven't Seen him often; I regard his genera~ character fot truth and veracity as A-1; from my knowledge of his character for truth and veracity, I certainly would believe him on oath; before I went into the bank I saw him constantly, him and I were in the same line of business, but I don't recollect having any busi:pess .transactions with him; I don't know as he ever applied to me for any money,' the last few years, but
455

F'

.

I

I
J

\
wouldn't be considered to be a really crazy man, but

I

then he is more of an idiot than anything else; he is very troublesome, got into many :fights, that's

how come he moved off that ward, on account of his

:fighting; he would impose on the other patients; he

had several :fights there, I don't know how many,

but about the last one he had was this fellow J olm-

I can't think of his name~that stayed over there

at the Hospital, and he askecl Dr. Green to move him

off the ward and Mr. Flueq asked him if he was.

going. to move anybody, to move John Smith; that

was last May, sometime during last May a year ago;,

I was off at the time, my wife was sick and had Dr.:

Hall with he', ~ was off :five days and when I came

back John Smith was moved over to J ward, and:

Dr. Green told me that if he went to :fighting over;

there he would move him back to L again; he stayed

over there twenty-five clays and got to :fighting pa-

tients and attendants, so he moved him back and I

don't. remember exactly how long he stayed with me

then, before he moved him down to H. Him and

Mr. Carr, Alex 'Carr, you know, him and Ernest

Rushton, all got into a :fight and they reported him

to Dr. Green and he :finally moved him clown there.

I wouldn't believe him on his oath-if he ever was

sane or ever will be, I wouldn't believe him on his

oath, you can't rely on him for anything, at any

time, he is entirely unreliable, you can't rely on any-

thing he tells you at all.

I never have known an attendant to be kept here
that had been guilty of mistreating patients; it is the policy of the officers and authorities of the Insti~

604

I
I

confined here in the Sanitarium, except what I have read in the papers. I don't know that the people of Milledgeville are very much devoted to this Institution, any more than the people in other parts of the State-it's a very great Institution, you know; they feel proud of it, the people of Milledgeville, and I believe all Georgians do, and I think they have got a right to feel proud of it-it's a grand Institution, sir.
I think our county did abandon their alms house a few years ago-their poor farm; I don't remember how many inma,tes the county had when it abandoned the poor farm; that business don't come before the Ordinary, we have a Board of County Commissioners that control it; but the question of committing people to the State Sanitarium does come before me; I think I was Ordinary of Baldwin county at the time they abando:ued the poor farm; I think I was filling my second term then; I don't know how many inmates I committed, but when I commit people upon an affidavit sworn out by some reliable person, swearing that the unfortunate is a person of unsound mind, we don't know where they come from, whether from the poor house or not; we sometimes have warrants sworn out for people in Dr. Allen's Sanitarium, and bring them over here from my court; as to whether, in ascertaining their insanity or sanity, we rely on the affidavit of Dr. Allen's; not always, very often we do; I swear the witnesses and the evidence is submitted to the jury and they act upon that; I should think, though, the jury would depend largely upon the evidence of the
457

r

never be bothered about it, but he said he didn't

have much confidence in Willis, because Willis bor-

rowed three dollars and a half from him and

wouldn't pay him back and still owed him, but he

said that's what McKinley and WilliS' both told him;

so I said to him, ''did they tell you to report rrie ~"

He says yes, "God damn him, he's been here long

enough anyhow, let some young man get his place;"

I ,,don't k;now how came ~Smith to tell me that, just

within himself, like he did anything. {llse; he made,

that statement to :r:n,e volun~arily and freely, I didn't

ask him for it at all; while it might be true, still at

the same time, I couldn't rely on John Smitlr--I do11 't

know whether those men said-that to him or not, be-

cause I wouldn't believe him on his oath, still, he

voluntarily came to me and and told me these things,

that is, that they had agreed to help him get away

from here if he did, but at the same time he didn't

have any confidence in ,Willis, because Willis bor-

rowed three dollars and a half from him and wouldn't

pay it back; he told me that he .was to pay him on

Sunday that the Committee came here, that is, the

Sunday before they came here on Monday, he was

to pay that money back and help him to Oldahoma

or Texas. I don't lmow that Willis ever borrowed

)

any money from him, although Willis did have some little transaction of business with him, thatiS', trad-

ing and trafficking around, which was positively

against the rules of the Institution for the attendants

to trade and traffic with the patients. These atten-

_dants are not allowed to borrow money from the pa-

tients and beat them out of it. I have been here

nea_rly twenty-six years; from my experience since

606

employ of the Georgia State Sanitarium; I used to have two brothers, but that has been many years ago, but no one any kin to me is now connected in any way with the Institution.

>>.. ''~ .
C. W. VICKERS, Sworn, testified:

I am an inmate of the Ge-orgia State Sanita-

rium; I got here the night of February 2nd~this

last February, 1909; I'll tell you about my .:money

first; we'll begin the first week of this last 9ctober;

Dr. Yarbrough met me out in the yard one morning,

he says, "Mr. Vickers, I have' just received a Jetter

from Mrs. Mcintyre"-that's my aunt-"iilquiring

why you haven't received the money or money had

been sent you, one. of the two," and I was very in-

I

dignant at that statement, for this reason, I had only

a few clays before that written to my aunt to have

money sent here, and this letter that Yarbrough re-

ceived was right at. the same time, saying she had

written to Dr. Jones stating that she had .sent the

money, and that the money was all here, already-

Yarbrough says "tbere's been money here for two

weeks, why did you write your aunt for money when

there has been money here for two weeks, there has

been $10.00 here to your credit;" now, it was just

three or four days before that I was asking for
+ J:?Oney, dichi 't know there was money here,

-I hadn't been notified that ther;e was money here to

my credit, I had asked Simpson two or three times

459

me and Mr. Chambers and Mr..Ross, because, you

know, a man's experience in anything is a heap;

they don't really know how to get along with the men

like I would; of course, they do the best they can,

but heap of times, they might do a little wrong un-

knowingly, but as a general thing, they treat them

just as kind as they can, it might appear, you know,

that it wasn't kindly or gentle, because they don't

know exactly how to manage them, you know.' Mr.

Smith says that these men, Willis and McKinley,

told him if he would tell all he knew; they didn't

tell him what to tell, just told him to tell all what he

knew; I don't know of anything that he knew that

he hasn't told, only thing, I don't reckon he told

th~m, that willis and McKinley wasn't either one

much of attendants, while they were here, ~nd they

were both discharged. I don't know whether there

',. I

has been any effort made to get this patient's money

back from this man Willis, I just got .John Smith's

word for it, I don't really know whether he ever bor-

rowed any money from him or not, he isn't reliable

at all.

S. S.IMPSON, Recalled in Rebuttal, testified:
I have been connected with the Sanitarium about twenty-three years, I think it is; I know captain Gee, and have known him ever since he has been in the Institution; he's a very bad character, that's what I would call him; he has delusions. He didn't
608

for the things that I want, Yarbrough checks that off

and brings it here__:_I don't know what he does with

it-the groceries ai'e brought to me; that day in

which we had the fuss, or a day ortwe afterwards----,this was October 9th-I made out that bill and ;slr~a.

y arbrough if he would make a duplicate of it imd

sig'll his name to it-that wag the :first bill I made

out after I knew there was $10.00 to my credit here;

when these groceries are delivered to me; this 25

pounds of flour is taken clown to the kitchen, and that

flour is served me .from the kitchen; the coffee, now;

was taken to the kitchen-:I'U tell you, now, one
of po1cid coffee lasted me four days, they kept it in

the kitchen and I think it ought to last longer thari

that; having coffee three times a clay; and the next

ca'n lgot, I had it senfto my room and divided it

half in tw_o, I sent the first half in a paper bag down

.

to the kitchen; that lasted three days, just half of the

can; the last half of the can I sent down and the

coffee was served to me only four times out of that

can, out of the last half of that can-it was served

at my plate; I have been cheated out of money ac-

cording to .the bills that have been rend~red to me;

I haven;t the remotest idea who did it; let me ex-

plain this to you, :first; I gave a letter to Dr. Whit-

ak.er to give to Dr. Jones; in that letter I asked Dr.

Jones if be would have a full itemized statement of

my account of groceries that I bad bought made out,

if he would have Mr~ Lamar make it out, and also a

statement of my Dentist bill made out; also, in a sep-

arate bill, an itemized statement of all the money tha~ w-fts.sent here for me, that had been sent h~re for'

461

satisfactory, to get rid of him right away, you have . told me that several times yourself, and Dr. Powell did, when I was working under him.

The class of goods I carried in the little place

over at the Twin Building for sale, was canned goods,

candies and fruits and tobacco, such as that; the

value of the stuff that I had there I don't think it

would ever come to more than $15.00, at any one time.

I charged the same price for those goods that other

people char:ged for the same kind of goods, the usual

Milledgeville prices, I usually charged the same

prices, I never, to my knowledge, charged any ad-

vance prices over what they could buy the goods for

at an:y other places-the little stores about here.

My. wife has a little business, too, between here

,.
r~.

and Milledgeville, and the stock that I kept in that

h?'

little place, over there at the Twin Building, was

brought 'here from there; since I did away with

that business down there in the Twin Building, un-

der the instructions of the Superintendent, the pa-

tients call on me for little things like that, a dozen

times.'a day or two dozen; how they manage to get

those little things that they want now, the orders goes

oyer to the Steward and he gets them for them; I

don't think he could get them any cheaper than I S'old

them for; I don't know what he pa:ys for them; they

are no better goods than I furnished them. It was

really to the advantage of the patients to have them

dght there, where they could go and select them themselves, ~hey often went there with the attendant

and selected what they wanted themselVes. That

business was put in force with Doctor Powell's con-

610

. ;.

of February, so that's $45.00 sent me, that is $104.00 total, that leave-s a difference of $27.10; Yarbrough told me I had only $10.00 to my credit; the first week in October there was $15.00 to my credit, and that's what ought to have been to my credit-$27.00'; so I claim there is $12.10 short, but how much more, I don't know; I say this, the Dentist's bill is $29.50; when I left the Dentist the day that he finished my teeth, he told me my bill was $27.50, that the upper teeth was $20.00, the lower $7.50; now they have got that $29.50, instead of, as he told me it would be, $27.50; I haven't any idea who made that bill out ; they were handed to me by the head attendant over there; he told me it was $27.50, and it's $36.95-I can testify positively that he told me that my bill was $27.50; I can testify to that; I have had no work done since; there's one thing that I can say in his behalf, there isn't a dentist in the country to equal him; there's three gold fillings that he put in there, that's the reason I am paying for it privately, if it was amalgam fillings he would put it in at the State's expense, I suppose.
Yarbrough is a man-he's a boy, practicallyhe's a man that hasn't the control and confidence of his attendants that are under him, he lacks executive ability; I am speaking of Dr. Yarbrough, I go to him with one complaint, he goes to the attendants and tells them about it, and it has no more effect than water on a duck's back; he tells the attendants of my complaints, I have heard him tell them; its the attendants that neglects their duties; Yarbrough has also neglected his duties with me; last summer he
463

more disturbances than almost any of the patients
that we have; a 'great many times he picks the- more
helpless patients, and I have s-een him at the bottom of the steps, as the people came down to the meals, or to the yard, as .a person will come down the steps, he will put up his fist in -an attitude of fighting and start at them to see if he can't get a fight; he's a weak-minded b.oy, too. I would consider him capable of telling a .coherent story, he talks very well, I wouldn'tbelieve him, I couldn't believe him at all -he would make any statement that he thought -would be to his advantage, regarding anything at all. Until the last few days I had B. G. Camp in my charge, ever since he has been here. Mr. Camp is very crazy, and he has a great' many delusions, and these relate usually to had treatment th'at he has had .both 'here and before he came here; in telling of his bad treatment, he goes back forty years, to where 'some young boys went in bathing in front of his house, and from that on. he brings' the story up to the present day, always imagining bad treatment, 'ill-treatment from everybody about him, and recently he has developed some new delusions in ad. clition, of a religious character, that he is the Prophet Elijah, and he prophesies the end of the world, . and about the comet that he read of in the paper the .other day, striking the world and destroying it in a Jew months; also, he says he is a member of this Legislative Investigating Committee, and was sent here to jnvestigate the treatment of the patients and to Teport to the Governor, and he goes to the other i)atients and asks them-'-I have heard him do thishe. asks them "haven't you been badly treat~d,~'
612

I'm going to tell you this, and it's a most im-

...

portant thing; what the trouble that's the matter

with me right now is nervousness; that's due to the

fact that the food that I get isn't the proper food-

I have got a stomach trouble in connection with these

hemorrhoids, that makes me extremely nervous; I

suffer from the constipation, and the more I am con-

fined the worse I feel; I'm getting-! am in a worse

state nervously than I ever have been in my life.

I am buying my own food, now, living myself from this money that's here; this gives you an idea what I have-to give you an idea, the last two. or three days-last week-I ordered a dozen oranges and a dozen apples and I find that fruit has been a great. benefit to my stomach; I have been improving since I have been buying my own rations; I am using veiylittle of th~ Sanitarium's rations now; I use the coffee and the rolls sometimes; it's weak coffee; fairly good roll; I have noticed the rations given to the other patients here.

Well, let me tell you, there's one thing I have

called.Yarbrough's attention to, and that's why I

say that's one thing that the attendants don't pay

any attention to us-the attendants and everybody

here knows the charge that I am here on-that's one

of the things that I am suffering the tortures of hell

for; I have had it thrown up to me only a few nights

ago-"you raped a little girl;" one of the patients

threw that up to me and they all got hold of it some-

.time ago, and it like to drove me mad; no one in

author-ity

h. as

thrown

it

up

to

me;

but

it's
. '"

this

way, .

.465

MISS BERTA MEDLIN, Sworn, testified:
I stayed at the State Sanitarium a?out :fiftee~ years, as anemployee o~ the Institution; I have been away from that Institution a year since last September; I was employed at th.e State Sanitarium in the capacity of nurse; as such my general duties were ward duties, looking after the patients, cleaning the wards. During my stay there, I never knew of a patient being deliberately mistreated, of course, they have to use force with the patients; I was di~ charged because one ~f the patients said that I told another patient to whip a patient; that statement wasn't true, she was a patient that had delusions__:_ I had known her to walk the floor clays at a time and cry and imagine that she was going to be burned up, and she had a delusion that she must destroy everything she could get her hands on-she tore up things and destroyed them and threw them out of the door-tore up other patients' things, but her delusion wasn't considered, but if it had been on the Institution she would have been considered to have delusions; that patient's' name, the one that t,old :ft, was Mrs'. Couch, and the one that was mistreated was a Miss Haddock. She told that I told. her to whip the patient, and held the patient for her to whip; I found her whipping the patient, and went to her and taken hold of her hand, and she hit her after I got in the room, after I got there; she was a patient that was full of delusions, and he:r delusions weren't considered, yet if it had been against -the Institution they would have been considered.
Dr. Jones investigated it; and this patient had
614

in, he had one of the patients, not an attendant, he . was the only attendant on the hall-had one of the patients take a brush and scrub my back and stomach two or three times and got out and then they dried me with a cloth !that, if I had b&en dirty, tll;;tt wouldn't have got any of the dirt off; the next morning I reported it to the head attendant whose name was, I believe, Horto.n; the second morning Dr. G'reen came and took my physical examination; while he took my physical examination, I told him the whole circumstances, he says "why that man has the reputation of being one of the best men on the hall,'' he says, ''all the patients like him,'' he says, "we discharge any attendant that don't do right;" well, says I, ''he seems to be sorry for. it, I hate to see him lose.his job," and that was the end of it, but Harris is still employed there.
Over in the hall one night this summer there was another complaint about a bath; one of the Physicians, while Dr. Yarbrough was gone, Dr. Little had prescribed a bath every night for sleeplessness, from which I was suffering, Dr. Little told me that, told me to take the baths, in the presence of the head attendant; says I, "Dr. Little, you tell the head attendant to tell these other attendants that are on at night to let me take the baths;" he says, "Oh, that's all rjght about that;" well, the head attendant, who was B.ossy, the head attendant he went off and paid no attention to it, forgot all about it; that night I came down and asked for my bath-asked for a towel to take a bath.; '~I've got no orders to give you a bath, sir, you can't have a bath tonight;" says I,
467

pended. for slapping a patient and then afterwards re-instated; she was there when I ]eft; I don't know of any other hvdy attendants.
No force was ever used on any patien.t while I was there, by anybody to make them peiform their labors, scoui and scrub, any;thing like that. It is not the habit of the attendants, when they order them to work and they fail to do it, to lock them up in the brue-room, as they call it there; I never locked one. up; the patients were always very willing to help, but I tell you they didn't have much to strengthen . them to help, because they don't have enough to eat. For breakfast .the food generally consisted of hominy and rice or hominy a:n!d hash and a biscuit; they 3?-ad eoffee and a little steak-they didn't have enough of the steak to go -around, and some. did without; if you reported it, they would say to go
to the kitchen and get it, and if yQu go to the kitchen
they would say, "I haven't got it to cook, I can't cook what I haven't got." For dinner they had rice - I have seen just a little bit of rice on a .plate, and . maybe no meat at all, and a piece of hard corn bread for dinner; in the vegetable season, they have vegetables sometimes, though not every day they didn't; for supper they would have butter and syrup and light bread and coffee, no meat. I do not consider the quantjty furnished them sufficient; it was very badly prepared, badly cooked; and I have known them, when the Legislature would be there, I .have had Dr. Whitaker, the Assistant Superintendent, to telephone to me. to the wards to keep certain of.- the patients from the l1alls, that they would fear that.
616

calomel, gave :him calomel, things o:f that kind, but

the Doctor thought he was going to be very sick, at

any rate, he thought enough about it to notify his

:family; I ma.de. one of the most fervent prayers that

.

.

ever was made to God, I made one of the most

fervent prayers that I ever made in my life to God;

says I "Lord, I want to know whether you are

going to answer these prayers or not by restoring

this man to health 7" The next day the fever left

him, Monday afternoon that man got up, he was well;

the second time, he had another little attack of fever,

that didn't amount to much, he was only in bed one

day, and I went. down there that day, he was up the

ne~t day; those are the- two attacks that he had; now

he was subject to epileptic :fits, but he had never had

a :fit since he had been here, so he told me, and those

two attacks of fever that he had he got over those;

a week or two after that, he was taken one morning

with a :fit,. he had one :fit ear1y in the mor:riing and

another v~ry violent :fit out in the yard, and he went

in and l1e asked Yarbrough to give him some calomel,

.and somebody-one o:f the patients, heard him ask

.Yarbrough to give him the calomel; well, that was

just a day or two before Yarbrough took his vaca-
off tion; Yarbrough went and didn't give him the

calomel; Tuesday morning-Yarbrough went on

Monday-Tuesday morning Little came around-

when Yarbrough had gone, I heard this man Hartley

say "Dr. Yarbrough promised to give me some

calo:r,nel and I guess he has gone off and forgot about

it;" the next morning Little came up-Tuesday

- niorning_:_Little came by and prescribed the calomel

.-, . ,>;

469

patients and carry them to the fruit room to cook their fruit that has to be put up for the Matron and the Stewarcl-I have clone that-I call that mistreatment, too, when the wards are neglected to, do their worlc

The patients were furnished milk-but they ~1idn't

get enough milk, the milk was gotten at the kitchen-

the nur,se3 went and got it; they tried to always

keep some for the sick. I have been taken out and

camied fruits and preserves for the Steward and

Matron, which she sends to Alabama by the barrel

full; I coulcln 't say whose fruit it was; I suppose

they are a1lowed to have anything they want, they

rI

got anything that they wanted, veg61tables or anything

. :j
:)

- I suppose they were allowed it, they got it. The

State buy:,; the fruit, wlien they are buying for them-

I
selves, they cook for the S1tate and they cook for

the .Steward and the Matron too, all at the same

time. Whose fruit it is, I can't say, they do get

things there, I suppos_e they were allowed to do :itt;

Mrs. Darnell is the Matron who sent that fruit to

Alabama; she is there yet; she sent the fruit over to Alab::nnn to her son; I eouldn't say.wh~ther it was

the Institution's property or not; it's all bought

there at the same time, done at the same time, but

they are <1llowed to have vegetables or anything they

want, I snppose they allowed that to them, and if

there is nDything left, the patients get it; I clidn 't

say this frnit was gotten for tthe patients; the fri1its

was got there and cooked all at the same time, but I

don't know whose fruit that was'. I have clone that

cooking nncl the house-keeper did it and there was

618

Jones didn't go over there to investigate the matter whatever; there have been several patients died there on the hall and Dr. Jones has never been over there to see a one of them; Jones goes through the hall, shakes the hand of the patients, pTofesses to be a friend to them and then he lets them die like dogs; you suppose I want to shake harrds.with a man like that~ Why, he's a wolf in sheep's clothing, that man is; that's the way he treats us-would you like for a man to give you a warm clasp of. the hand-" don't you be afraid, we'll take care of you here"-that's the way he talked to me here, and then let the patients die like a dog.

Now comes i~ there a statement in which I called

Yarbrough a liar, Yarbrough and Jones are both

concerned in this; one night I was asleep, what I'm

going to state happened just one week after this man

was found dead in his room; I was lying on my bed

in my room, locked up, at night, my room faces the

alcove; it was during the time that I was suffering

from the insomnia, not getting but a few hours sleep

of a night; I was as wide awake as I am now, I heard

a door ,open-understand now, everything was abso-

lutely quiet, quiet reigned supreme, every door was

locked, every light was out, there wasn't a l~ght on ,

the hall, it was in the dead hours o.f the night, what

time I don :t know-there was a door opened and

looking over my transom I saw a light coming down

the hall and heard a man coming down the hall, heard

him go into the alcove that faces my room; heard him

take a chair and sit down, heard that with my own

ears; I paid no more attention to him and I lay there,

J

471

.I
I
.!

I
tp nurse anybody, I have been sent out in private nursing a good many times, to Milledgeville, by the authorities of the Institution; I nursed a Miss Moore, there, and a Mr. Green, and I nursed a. Miss Clay and a Miss Johnson; while I was on that service I got pay from the Institution the same that I got there, and they were supposed to pay the Institution $20 a month . for the time that I was there, I couldn't say whether. they paid them or not; I know of other nurses sent out that way besides myself, Miss McCoy nurs.ed a Mr. Vinson there, and a good many more, I don't remember just who; these nurses sent 01,1t to nurse . these private people, were regular attendants or . nurses in the wards there; that has been eight or ten years Dgo; I heard that the T'rustees had stopped it-Dr. Robinson of Milledgeville told me the Trus- t.ees stopped it, and then afterwards they tried to force this nurse to nurse this Doctor's wife, and she told them that Dr. Robinson had told her that . the T'rustees had stopped it. I know about a commis~ sary being out there, run by Mr. Hunter, one of the employees; I suppose he kept books there, that is the storehouse, and he looked after things ; he didn '.t sell anything for patients; I suppose he was allowed to S'ell. muses uniform goods, bleaching, thread, . things like that, and it was charged, what they get he, charged it there, and it was to go to the Steward and it was took out of their salaries; I don't know it, but I heard that Mr. Simpson had things in the Twin Building and sold them there, that was .his own, I : never went over there to purchase any; on one oc-. crusion, Mr. Hunter sold some lemons to one of the nmses, a Miss Ivy, and he was supposed to do it:
620

If you don't know any more- of maltreatment to the patients- or cruelty to yourself, just say so.
Well, I am very much irritated on the hall, not in their maltrea_tment, but in their refusing to do many things for me, that irritates me and makes me worse-.

S. L. TERRY, Sworn, testified:

I was an attendant here ten years; I am Sheriff

of Baldwin county, and have been going on three

years'-this is my second term; I have no connection

with the Institution now; while I was here, I don't

see how it could have been nm any better than it

was; I was in charge of a ward for seven years, I

was the he'ad nurse, and I never did see an employee

mistreat a patient, ancl I have never heard of any

complaint of any patient that he ev0.r did it; I am

pretty well acquainted with the general management

of the Institution; I hav-en't seen any mismanage-

ment of the Institution by any officer connected with

if; I thought the attention given to the patients here

proper; I never did see any patient neglected here in

any way; they were not neglected in feeding them;

when I was here the food was very good, I thought it

was all right) and in quantity enough .to sustain the

patients; it's customary for the patients to make

complaints all the time ; tal~e an epileptic, as a rule

. !

he's mighty hard to _please; and then you take a

nervous man, you can't hardly ever satisfy him. I

., ~ ,

. .

473

.- . l -i

work on those that remained; of course, one nurse couldn't do all the work, you know, there must have been som..=l neglect done. I have known nurses to have to furnish even brooms to sweep the wards with, furnish machines, buy thread to make clothes with; the nurses buy them for themselves; my ward went once a week without sweeping-! asked for brooms and didn't get them ; we had to write a requisition to the Matron; that order don't go to Dr. Jones, it goes to the store-keeper; I don't suppose he ever knew anything 'about it-the neglect; I should think it was neces-s:ary to have two nurses constantly on each ward among patients that are insane, therefore, when those nurses, any of them, were taken off and all tl:at work left to one, there would necessarily be neglect towards the patients, one nurse certainly couldn't do all the work; that bas been done, in the summer time, for as much as a month at a time. I have seen in that cooking department, six and seven numes at a time cooking for the State and at the time, they were cooking also for the Matron, when Dr. Powell was there, and they cooked for the Steward before he stopped them; as to how many barrels of .stuff I have ever seen the Matron se~d off from there, well, I have seen a good many at different times, I ,have seen barrels that was packed ready to leave, that would mean canned fruits, I suppos"l, they said it was that, I have not seen them send anything else but cannecl fruits; we helped can that fruit that was sent from there, and I know that it. w:as .sent from there, I have S'een it directed to them, I have seen barrels at different times, I h~ve seen it since Dr. Jones has been there; the last
622

record of it, you will :find he asked me all about it;

I was under two of the Physicians during the time

that I was here, and I never called one at night that

he didn't come. to see them; my duties was if any

patient needed him to call him during the night, and

I did that, and I never had one, that I remember of,

that failed to come; I was under Dr. Patterson, he

was the Physician that was in charge of the depart-

ment that I was night-watch on, and Dr. Jones there,

for a while. I am not connected with this Institution

now at all; I reckon it has been eight years, the

20th of next month since I was. I don't know of any

instances here where any of the patients was inten-

tionally neglected; I know it was mighty strict on

me; my work was at night, after going inside-when

'.,
-~

I :first came here I night-watched outside, just outside of the buildings, and after I went inside I didn't

go on duty until ten o'clock, that's when they were

turned over to me; as to what happened through

the daytime, I don't know; I wasn't here at all. If I

have any relatives employed by the Institution now,

I don't know it, if there's one here that I am in any

way related to, I don't lmow it.

J. B. JACKSON, Sworn, testified:
I don't remember just exactly how long, but it is something like seven years that I was employed here; I am not employed here now; I quit the employment of the Institution; I was a nurse-head nurse; in charge of the patients in my ward; I never
47ii

'

.

'

the fifteen years I was there. About the same under

'?."'l

Dr. Powell as under Dr. Jones' administration; there

was no )mprovement in the fo9d the }ast y.ettr I

. stayed there; it was what you would call.not suffi-

cient to sustain a reasonably healthy person prop-

erly. Just a little bit of rice, and maybe no meat at

all for dinner. Some days they would have vegeta-

bles, and when they had vegetables, some days they

would and some they wouldn't have meat, there

wouldn't be enough to go around; I couldn't say how

many days, while I stayed there the last year, that

' they had .(ljnner without any meat at all, but more

than fifty in the 365, and no meat for supper; they

only had meat for one meal, and that was for break-

fast; they didn't always have enough to go around,

. even. A piece about as big as four quarters, would

be. given a patient; I have heard patients say it wp,s

better to have a gallows and hang them than .to

starve them ; I made complaint about the food to Dr.

.-Whitaker, who would tell me to go to the cook, ~mel

..'the cO'ok would say that they couldn't cook what

. ,they didn't have, and Dr. ,"Whitaker would say, ''I'll

see about it,'' and he would never see about it; that

was the la~t year I was there that that occurred.

I said I was there four or five years' after you became cormectecl with the Institution as Superintendent; since you were made Superintendent. As to how many times I have known nurses sent out to nurse private families-since you have been. made Superintendent-I said that they were serit t~ nurse your mother-in-law; I don't remember how long that .nurse rPma]ned there, abo,nt a week, something like
624
I
.I
i
I.

r
I
!

since I left the Institution; when I first saw Mr. Pool

I think he had a -crooked nose, as well as I can re-

member, I don't know whether it had be.en broken or not; I said I helped lock Mr. Pool up severa~

.,

times; he had convulsions and he was delirious and

I

everything- he run ag-ainst he was ready to fig-ht,-

he was a bad. man about biting, after he had convul-

sioml', for a while.

I have an aunt who is an inmate of the Institu-

tion; I am not related tci any of the Physicians or officer~ of this Institution; I did have a first co~sin

here who was an attendant, I don't know whether he is here now or not; I SUl~e am directly inte.rested in

the g-ood manag-ement and kind treatment of the

:::' ...

patients in this Institution, and I am perfectly sat-

'i~1

isfied with the treatment that they receive. No one contributes to the support of my aunt here, that I

know of, her husband used to.

i ;

T. B. ORAWLEY, Sworn, testified:
I was a patient here from the 19th of July, last year; up until the 11th. of September, I believe, last year; about two months; my treatment was all rig,ht;
the Doctors gave me proper attention, I was not neg--
lected in an:y way; the food was proper, I g-ot. fat on it; I got a quantity sufficient to subside my hunger, and the preparation of the food I think was pretty good; I wouldn!t get as g-ood here as at some swell hotel; I never saw any of the patients mis-
477

At this point the hearing was adjourned until 2 :00 o'clod>:, p. m., to meet in Room 104 Kimball House.
Pursuant to adjournment, the hearing was resumed at 2 :00 o'clock, p. m., December 20, 1909, in Room 104 Kimball House, all of the members of the Committee being present; and the following proceedings were had and testimony taken.
DOOT'OR L. M. JONES, Recalled in Rebuttal, testified:
I he>ard this lady testify before dinner today, and I have thi.s explanation to make in reference to what she said about the discharge or failing to take notice of certain things there by the Trustees, and the communication I sent to her through Dr. Little, and about the provisions or food that the inmates got.
Well, to go ba0k, now, to the beginning; a little over a year ago it waS' brought to my attention that one of the female patients had been pretty badly treated on one of the wards-on her ward; the Assistant Matron, the girl who goes around to assist the Matron in keeping up with what is going on on the wards, was on the ward one day, and found a patient crying-the patient didn't have mind enough to tell what was the matter with her, but another patien:t standing by her says, "I beat her," and the young lady asked her why she beat her; she says,
626

..
se~son, plenty of watermelon; I stayed here two months and I gained twelve pounds while I was here; I was satisfied with my treatment in every way.
I was tried for lunacy, I was not an epileptic; I recovered at once and was discharged; the Physicians didn't hold me any longer than was :necessary; I didn't violate any law, I was just on a bad drunk, the reason I was sent here I had the monkeys. I waS' under Doctor Little and Doctor Swint, Doctor Little was my last doctor; they were always as kind as they could be; I never was under Doctor Yarbrough.
DOCTOR H. D. ALLEN, Sworn, testified:
I am a Physician, a specialist in nervous and mE?ntal uiseases; I am acquainted with the Board of Physicians of the Georgia State Sanitarium; I think they are capacitated, as a general thing; for their duties; I have had occasion to look into those nervous diseases in consultation with them, and I am satisfied they are thoroughly proficient in their respective duties, every one of them capable men.
I don't_ think I have had any occasion to be on the grounds -of this Institution when meals were served; I know about the general treatment of the patients by the Physicians here, only in a general way, I have been through the buildings a good deal, _and I have been here_ a good deal; I have visited a great many institutions all over the country, and I
::'( 479
:.!
. f
I

day of August, 1907. So far as the food is concerned, I suppose the patients got as good food on her ward as anywhere else; I think she is absolutely mistaken when she stateS' that the food was so poor and that; there was so many days when there was no meat on the table; it has always been the rule that when any . article is short, .that they go back to the kitchen and. ask for it until .they all.have some, and I have never ' known yet any one instance where they failed to get . enough to go around, where they went back for it;: if her patients didn't get it, it was her fault-if she had gone bac1k to the kitchen and told the cook that. her rations were short, it would have been supple~ mented-it is absolutely her fault if her patients . didn't. get the meat; it was her duty to report it to, me, as the superior officer, if the cook failed to com-. ply with her request for more rations; I have never known an instance, though, where the cook failed to comply with the request, where the nurse has been back to the kitchen and 'asked for more food, where they didn't get it; I have never known of an instance of it-that's the rule of the Institution, the cooks are so instructed, that, if in issuing out the rations; if they are too short-if they are found to be short, that they make a supplemental supply. It has heen tho!'oughly gone into what the rations were for brea~dast, dinner and supper. These rations, while I don't say the patients have as good a variety as I would like to give them, they do have enough of such as we give them-meat and bread; I would like to be able to give them more-a greater variety, but they. do have enough of meat and bread and vege-
628

in any way, and am not related to any Physician or officer of this Sanitarium at all; Doctor Whitaker is my wife's brother, that's the only relation, I am not a blood relation to anybody connected with the Institution at all.
vV. H. STALLINGS, Sworn, testified:
I came August 29th, 1906, as an inmate; I have received some bad treatment, in this way; when I came here' I brought some things in my trunk, and they are nearly all gone; I had a cigar box with a lot of jewelry, in my trunk, and that's nearly all gone, such as rings and breast pins; it was invaluable, for the simple reason that it's things that I got and put in that box,-there was a gold medal that I got from Charleston for skating, years ago.
I have received no physical maltreatment; I have heard some received maltreatment, but I never have received it; my treatment has not been good; s11ggestion also :figures in that too-l don't get enough to eat, and I don't take more than six ounces of food a day, eighteen hours a day.
Q. Do you get more than that1 A. Sometimes; considerably less than more, but I am gettin it all right now; I got enough to appease my hunger, but I can't get fat on it; so far as I know, it is prepared all right; we are getting fairly good food this week,-something better than last week,
481
16-inv

have to buy mules and we have to feed the mules, we have to hire hands, we have to buy implements; of course, the mules are fed from the proceeds of that farm, we don't have to buy that, it is only what we have above what they have to eat, if we have to buy a mule and we have to feed him, all he makes isn't net. It would make it net if you got what you made net out of it-it would cost something, of course, if you spend $75.00 to feed a mule, all that mule would make wouldn't be net, would it~ I don't know how much we have spent there for the feed of the stock, we don't buy any feed, we make it all there for the stock, except for the dairy, we have to buy feed for the dairy. As to where we get in the cost of making the feed, well, I say it isn't-we don't charge it~I mean what we make over and above what it takes to support it. As to whether it is a profit to the Institution or a loss to run that farm or dairy-whether we could go into the open market and supply it with less cost than we can raise it, I don't think we can buy it for what we raise it, I think it is a profit to the State; still I don't think we made more,than $600.00. Now, I said the dairy paid that; we are obliged to have milk, if we run it at a cost, we are obliged to have it, but I don.'t think we made more than $600.00 out of the dairy, taking out the feed; we have to buy feed for the cows, we don't make that~
I do not know about an employee buying a house or building a house there in the last two or three years-Hollinshead; he hasn't built any house, he has got a home that he bought there-it isn't in Mil-
630

have. I am turned out on the yard, and they let me go to church, and to the dance hall, and I get all the attention that I tl1ink necessary from my Physician, Doctor Yarbrough; it might vary from your subject, but there's a patient over there that don't receive any treatment at all, because he has got syphilis; he never refused to give me the proper attention, but I know of patients who don't receive the proper. attention, his name is Phillips, Paul Phillips; he has 'been on the hall since I have been there and he hasn't received any treatment that I know of, and I am told he is getting no treatment at all; I have known him since last March; I hardly know to what extent he is afflicted with syphilis ; he hasn't any soreS' on him that I know of; but he has falle~ on the floor and hurt his eye,-over his eye, it's sore .now,-he just fell yesterday; I j;hink Doctor Yarbrough has seen him today; I guess he went there yesterday. morning to see him; .I can't say there is no kind of attention that hasn't been paid by the Physicians, that was prope_r, to. the patients, for the reaB'on that this man Phillips that I was speaking about, I don't think received proper attention.

There is another fact I want to state to the Com-: mittee about my tr~atment; I want something of this

Committee; I feel positive I was here once before, and I was discharged or went off on a furlough in

1901, and I was approached by a fellow na:med Byron

W. H. Newberger, in Augusta, Justice of the Peace

there in Augusta, and he offered me to divide coun-

-terfeit money if I would go and spend it, and now, a

man that approaches another one in that way, I am

._. ' Ij
.. t
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483

ing Mr. Hollinshead any fuel now. The State don't furnish Hollinshead anything except his salary, two meals per day and his horse; feed for the horse; he buys his own buggy, they don't furnish him a buggy. They furnish each Physician his salary, home, fuel, lights and water. No horse is furnished any Physician there at all; the horse and things kept for the Asylum, I mre them whenever I need them.
As to how marry horses are kept there fo1~ the use of the Asylum; we keep three horses, a pair of carriage horses and a buggy horse; we have to send for the mail every day, and we keep a horse for that; we have to send a Doctor anywhere, he uses the single horse, and we have a pair of horses that we use for the T~rustees and for my use whenever I need them; the Phy-sicians do not also have the use of those whenever they want to; occasionally I let them go in when H.tey want to go in town, sometimes 1 do that; often though .they furnish their own horses.
As to what Physici~n there has his own horse;
Dr. Mobley has a horse, Dr. Swint has a horse, Dr.
Wbitaker has a horse, and Dr. Richard has a horsefour or five of them have horses; none of those horses . are maintained at the expense of the State, not a bit, .they pay for ail the feed they get for them; they don't use the produce on the farm there and pay ~t to .the Superintendent; they don't buy it of the concern; we have been allowing them to buy corn, but we stopped that in October, at the last election; we don't allow them even to buy corn from the farm for their stock; they allow them to buy all the groceries necessary for their family use from the storehouse,
632

not advance something or say something, and I spoke to him, "what are you doing that for, John," and he turned around and says ''that any of your God damned business~" I certainly did report that to the attendant, and to Doctor Green too, but not a. thing was done; now that's not all of it,-I have got two scars on me on account of it, on the joint of my hip and shoulder, inflicted by this fellow Smith kicking me down and then Mr. Sykes got me by the neck -the yard boss got me by the neck and hurt my shoulder; I'll tell it in as short a way as I can about it, Mr. Smith says "is that any of your God damned. business~" I says, "you are choking the man," and I was standing with my hand behind me, and walked away, because I clidn 't want no trouble with him, and he run behind me about eight feet and gave me a kick_ as hard as he could and kicked a hole in my hip here and in my pants too; I reported that to Doctor Green and to my attendant, they clicln 't do a thing, they just kept him in one clay, and he kept on doing the same thing; Mr. Crawford took up for me, because I wasn't able to fight, and John Smith and him got into it and I jumped up to help Crawford, because he taken my part, and Mr. Sykes got me by the neck, caught me by the throat and run me backwards until he got me against the wall and knocked a. great big hole in my shoulder.
Mr. Sykes turned me over to-:-there was a whole lot of them and he turned me over to Mr. Horton, to get me out of the crowd, and he run me backwards and like to broke my left arm, and I wasn't able to go up the steps, and he told me next morn-
485

and that's all that they allow them to buy; they get the goods at cost and pay :five per cent. extra, to the Asylum just for the purpose of handling, it is done just for the convenience of the officers-allow them to get their provisions.
As to whether Hollinshead makes an entry or keeps a book of all products raised on that farm, he keeps account of it in some way or other, he charges up to labor to the debtor and credit side; he h:eeps account of all such as that; I don't lmow what kind of a set of books he keeps, I think he just keeps a sort of memorandum book, he makes a report every month, but no itemized account or anything like that until the end of the year, he gets -all of his data together at the end of the year and makes an itemized statement of it.
Nothing raised on the place is sold unless by my consent; iJhe cotton is sold by order of the Board of Trustees; we don't sell any corn at all, we use the corn we raise on the place, we don't sell any of it at a'll, what we don't feed to the stock, we use for bread purposes.
To go back to that testimony thwt we had this morning, that young lady made the statement that there was nurses detailed from the wards, to the neglect of their patients, to do cooking for the Matron and the Steward. I have this to say about that; we do detail nurses to go to the kitchen to cook fruits in the fruit season, things of that sort, because it is convenient to detail them, and we couldn't go out and hire cooks every time we wanted to put up
633

ways eat all tliat's put onmy plate, ~ometimes, you know, I feel a little sick, but when I have got an appetite, I eat it all, and I ain't got half enough; that's the kind of bread I had for my dinner, and that's all I had, we receive better attention since it has been lmown that this Committee was coming, and there's going to be hell on earth unless something is done for it, because. they have lots of them swore lies.

Mr. Roberts, an attendant, said they w<;>uld make

it hot for me if I swore anything on him, I heard him

say that, he is my attendant; Roberts has mistreated

me, I'm going to show you what he did, and the at-

tention he gave me, I had mighty bad health for

years, and I took to drinking hot water, and I :find it

is agreat benefit, and it's the greatest thing in the

world to drink. all you can of boiled water every

morning,-better than any medicine in the world,

and ifyou drink plenty of it, it will clean you out,-

boil you out,-just let nature take it's course; and I

wanted to get some hot water one mo;rning, and Mr.

Roberts was in there in the bath room, and he had

no occasion to shove me out,~he says "what you

want in here~" "I want some hot water," and he

shoved me right out, and says "you've got no busi-

ness here," and locked the door, and I sat down and

he gave me a sum to work,-"says 21j2 by 21j2 , and asked me what it would make, and I studied about

it for awhile and says "you can't make anything else

out of it but six and a quarter of it, and he says

"ain't but five;" well, I says, "Mr. Roberts, it's

I

obliged to be 6%, '' J says, ''twice two and a half is

I
:five, and there a one-half of one-half, there's an-

487

nurses, we have stopped that, we don't allow our nurses to go out, because they can get trained nurses, whereas, a few years ago there was no trained nurses in the community, and sometimes~ in very sick cases, wherethere was a party that wanted.a n~1rse real bad, sometimes Dr. Powell would allow one to go out; now, that was not at all to the hurt of the Institution, it was only in instances where we could spare a nurse; frequently we have had 0alls where we refused, because we couldn't spare the nurse__:.it was only where . we could spare the nurse that they were allowed. to go out under those conditions. As to those nurses being used to nurse members of the Physicians' families; if a Physician has a member of his family that is very sick, sometimes they are allo1wed to go out and attend on them.
As to whether I believe the patients there could be given more attention if the businesS' part of that was severed-take that duty off of me and let some business man :finance-or rather, look after the :financial part of the concern, the farm and all-my idea of it would be, we have got all the business men there that we need, we have to trust these men that we have, to a certain extent; we have got men at the head of these different departments, worthy men and trustworthy men; I don't care how many men you have; you have to trust somebody.
The Superintendent, of course, don't have any.:. thing to do with the waiting on the patientS', now, we-ha.ve in every department a Doctor who is responsible, to look after the patients, a certain number of patients to each, and he makes reports to me. I am
635

down, and they cut me down and I fell and nearly busted my side open; and they stripped me stark naked, it-was on the night of-the 4th of October; Simpson did that, and he is here yet in' the employment; that was on the night of the 4th of October, and next niorning it was a big frost, and they left me without any clothes.

I wasn't sworn before the Westmoreland Com-

mittee, I never had no chance to swear before no-

body. I am a minister of the Gospel, and I keep

praying with these hands, and they never done no-

;
I

body no harm, and they got me here without cause,

and I wrote Joe Brown, and wrote him three letters

to give me help, and I wrote him to please. return

my letters with his name on the back, if they don't

help me alorig, and I told him that they just swore

lies to get me liere~gentlemen, I have been treated

worse than anybody on earth; I was sent here fr~m

Fl(}yd County-they swore lies on me, swore that I

was crazy, to 'keep from testifying against them, and

Judge Hamilton made the jury go to the jury :r:oom

and wouldn't let my witnesses be.put on the stand.

Q. (By Representative Baker) Is there any other maltreatment you have got down here...:_have you got anything elseto say about these PhysicianS' or an:ybody ~

A. No, sir. Only I want to state that I don't use coffee, and of_course, the rest of them uses- coffee and has sugar in it. I was detained in what's called the blue-room, for trying. to get -away, they kept me in there two days and nights, and I say I came very near freezing to death, never had any

491

sick, if I didn't, I wouldn't have them there. I have confidence in every Physician that I have, that he does his duty; if I had a Physician there that I thought I would have to follow every day in the year to see that he does his duty, I would get rid of him;

. Dr. Powell :filled the position of Superinten<Jent,

.~ng _it ranked, and has ranked since that time, as one
my '~f the best instihitions in the couptry, as far as

inf?rmation goes.



We have abo"Lit 3,200 acres of land.there; of that, I exp_ect. we cultivate seven or. eight hundred acres, garden and farm together, so:wing grain artd so ~orth. When patients die then; the. State furnishes them a coffin to send them home to their peopJ.e, if the ,people don't furll.ish it; the coffin we furnish is a. cheap . coffin we make there i!l the shopS', made out of pine boards, _lined with bleached -homespun and painted black, it is as neat as you can get in the country; I expect those coffins cost about a dollar and a half, maybe; don ''t mean to say that tlwse coffins are about as good as they can' get in the country, I mean as good as you can. have made in the country, I don't mean as good as you can buy, I mean as good a.8' you can have made; whether anybody in the country .is .buried in as cheap a cofiin as we send out, I don't know what the country people do, whether they have those cheap coffins made or not; that is as good a coffin as we can furnish for tp.e amount. of money that we have to spend in that direction.

I couldn't tell you how manypatients we have in the A~ylum who have estates belong-ing to 'them, we
638

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... 1
...
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:,.

.JUDGE JOHN T'. .A.LLEN, Sworn, testified:
lknow Alex J. Hawikns and have known him for twenty-two years; I am acquainted with his general character, it is good; I consider Mr. Hawkins a gen tleman of sufficient veracity as to believe him on oath; I do not believe from my acquaintance with Hawldns, tpat he would swear falsely in order to maintain or retain a position in this Institution; he is of a very peaceaJble temperament; I didn't in a single instance lmo~ him to have any difficulties in the city, and I have been the Judge that had jurisdiction of misclemeanors for about ten years, sir, and he has never been charged with any cruelty or anything of the sort, before me, nor. of any crime. I have never-heard of him being guilty of any cruelty to any of the inmates of this Institution, I haven't lmown of anybody being guilty of any cruelty to any of the inmates of this Institution, of my knowledge; I'm not familiar with very many of the employees. I have some sort of information as to the general way in which this Institution is conducted, I wouldn't venture to give the Committee an opinion on whether it is run properly or not.
Hawkins .is exceptionally kincl-hearted, in my opinion; I have known him twenty--two years rather )ntimately, had numbers of business transactions ,Withhim, I have come in contact with him in the gen:eral intercourse of business and socially, too, about this place and at Milledgeville during this entire period, I have had, I suppose, in a business way,--1 s~e a thousand different people a year for the past five years, and amon.~st that number, Mr. Hawkins
493



all of the Physicians had been off from the -premises at one time, oU:t hunting; if they have ever been off all at one tim~, it was when I didn't knowanything about it.

In reference to the food, whether it is well fo.r patients to have as mu0h to eat as their natural appetites would perhaps crave, when confined. like those people are; I think they ought to be allowanced, it would be better for their health; frequently patients go there thin and gain thirty <or forty pounds in three or four months; it don't look like they are starving when they do that.

As far as the food is concerned, we estimate about how much each patient ought to have, the Chef makes. out an estimate of about how much meat or bread, etc.,that ougl1t t.o be allowed to each patient, so many ounces of this, that and the other,-there is generally an estimate made of that, and it is issued . accordingly.

I do not wish to make any further statement; I

wish to say that I had thought of having the Com-

mittee to examine different witnesses' here from dif-

ferent parts of the State, to testify, but I decided I

wouldn't do it, and I had two communications from

ex-patients sent to me, and I asked them to swear to

it, and they did so, and I put those in the hands of

Mr. Carswell,-I call attention to those, from ex-

patients giving their experience. while Mr. Gars-

well was down there taking the evidence of those

witnesses-, I didn't think it was necessaty to call any

other witnesses,~patients,. to testify, knowing the

value

of

the

evidence

of

a

lunatic;

we

only

had

: on(' , . :;: ... ~ .;

640

::~~0!':~>: : .: .

.. . :.~ : ,. ,.. ;. ., ~ : .

.::':

. . . ~ .

was done wbo'tlt eighteen months ago; he is head attendant on P ward; he accused me of trying to poison all the patients on P ward; he didn't mistreat me in any ways orily just that, accused me of trying to poison the patients on that ward. I have got another charge against him, that same man, he accused me of not having good hearing, when I was quite small, so my mother said and I take her word for ~t,-she isn't living now,-iJhat I had a rising in . my left ear and I haye 'been hard of hearing ever since; that"s the only way he mistreated me. Nobody else mistreated me in any way.
I don't get good food, the food isn't cooked prope'lly; I get enough in quantity, but not in quality.
Mr. Batson tried to put .me in the wire-guard room, but he failed to do it, I suppose his object was to put me in the wire-guard room because I woul~n't go to the yard; I had orders from Doctor Himt not to go,-the Physician in charge; the attendantln,tew of that, and he wanted to carry me anyhow; I didn't resist the attendant when. he wanted to carry me, I just got right up, because I knew it wouldn't do any good t'O l~id\: against the attendants, he didn't lock me up, because he couldn't get me into the room, I guess, that's all; I did resist him, that's the r~ason he didn't lock me up.

pulsory, and I dare say the majority have had more baths than ever at any other time of life. Lice or bed bugs are unknown. The vast majority are better fed, clothed andcared for than ever before in their lives, and I have known many of them after mental recovery loath to leave.
The food is clean, i:md better than could be expected from the meagre allowance of funds.
The attention both medical and otherwise is wonderful, 0onsidering how many inmates, and how few physicians and attendants.
In conclusion I will state that taking into consideration the mammoth size of the I nsF<--

~

J. EDGAR THOMPSON.

[\.

Sworn to and subscribed under oath this 29th

I

'

clay of November, 1909.

I

T. C. McCRACKIN, N. P.,

Habersham Co., Ga.''

A letter from H. J. Tribble, Elberton, Georgia, dated December 11, 1909, was read .and admitted in _e-y.idence; which said_ letter is to the same effect as the one from J. Edgar rrhompson.

times, and I went and reported to Doctor Green at once, that is, the next morning when he. came around, -I can't give you the date of it,-but I think it was something over two months ago,-I gave Doctor Green a letter, he said to me "vVho's been treating you badly~" I says "Shirley;" he says "Shirley's a very good man;" I says "Yes, sir, and a very good friend of mine;" I was in a very weak condition and had no chance to defend myself at all, besides Shirley is a much more powerful man than I am, and I think he was drunk; he hurt me very much, I don't think that I was able to get up the next morning.
Simpson came around to see me and doubted very much that Shirley had done any such thing, but he had done it, and I reported to Mr. Simpson, and Simpson came to see me the day following,-----'the Tuesday following; I wrote Doctor Green a letter to that effect; I have been treated badly by others, also, connected with the Institution, but not to amount to very much, though; that kidking by that man Shirley was the most serious assault I have ever encountered here or any other Sanitarium I have ever been to-I was down to Doctor Allen's, and he sent me here and I stayed here from October 6, 1906. The Physicians here haven't neglected me, they have been as nice as could be always, always have given me proper treatment, treated me kindly, and this attendant is the only way I have been mistreated.
Oh, I intended to tell you this,-:finally I asked him, Mr. Simpson, about it, next time I saw him, and it was probably a week before he reported to me, and he says, "your charges ain't substantiated,
4fl7

~~~'.
. -}.

I-I. G. Fisher,.
H. H. Passmore, D. B. :Williams, Duff Child Dodson~ H. A. Dixon, J. 'vV. Jordan, Chas. A. Manston, J. A. McMicheal, Sylvester T. \iVard, M. C. Kiser, vVilliam Hellowall, VV. H. Chiles, R.ev. James F. Edens, E. A. Buist.

Doctor Jones tendered in evidence, and the same upon motion duly seconded, was admitted, the account of C. 'vV. Vickers, with the Institution~ as follows:

1909 To L. J. Lamar, Steward, Dr.

Feby.173,'

By Cash --- -~- --- ------Paid S. Simpson_________$ 2.30

Mch. 3, By Cash, - --------- ----5, Paid S. Simpson_________ .35
20, Paid S. Simpson____._____ 5.50
Apl. 5, Paid s. Simpson_________ 3.90

7, By Cash, ---------------
21, Eggs, ------------------ .16 24, Paid S. Simpson_______ -:_ 3.70

May 4, Paid A. 0. 'vVishart Co.__ 29.50 -
Mch.ll, By Cash, --------------May 11, Paid S. Simpson_________ 1.70

Cr. $ 9.30
5.00
5.00
50.20

C4-l

i
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I

is good meat, and I have seen it prepared sometimes for the siek, for instance, those who are physically unwell, when it was as fine meat as you could get at any restaurant, cafe or hotel anywhere, when it is broiled and served hot. I have never seen any of the patients mistreated; I lmow a man named VickerS', I have been on the hall with him. I have seen Mr. Vickers mistreated; Mr. Vickers, while he was on the hall with me, he had some complaints to make, -he complained one morning a:bout one of the attendants calling him to get up, and he complained to the Physician that the attendant spoke roughly and disrespectfully to him about getting up, one morning, I think it was Sunday morning; it was almost breakfast time and the attendant had been to his room several times and asked him to get up, and he complained to the Physician, I lmow, that the attendant spoke disrespectfully to him when he asked him to get up,-spoke to him several times before he got up; well, I don't lmow what kind of language that ,attendant used to him, but I know no attendant has ever spoken to me in a way that I considered disrespectful or discourteous about getting up or anything else; I know when I have been a little late about getting up, I have had them to come around and tell me it was time to get up, more than once; of course, they want all the men up 'and dressed in time for brea;kfast and the room made up at a certain time, but I have never taken offense at being told to get up when it was really time to get up.
I lm~w Mr. Dunnington for about~I knew him, you might say, personally about three weeks;- he
499

statement is a true account of all moneys received by me for said '0. vV. Vickers from Feby. 3, 1909 to Nov. I 22, 1909'.

L. J. LAMAR, Steward.

I!.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this Dec. 9,

I

1909.

H. S. JoNES,

l (

N. P. B. Co. Ga. '(Seal)

:.

')

I.

Representative Carswell: I move that when the

stenographer complete his stenographic report and

has it written out, that he brief the entire evidence,

. '

turn it over to the State Printer for p1:inting, read

the proof, see that it is printed properly and notify

the StaLl Printer to notify the Chairman that he has

the evidence there and subje'ct to the order of the

Chairman in sufficient number for both Houses.

The motion being duly seconded, upon being put to a vote, was unanimously carried.

It was then moved and seconded that the evidimce be closed; and upon being put to a vote, was '(tnanimously carried, and the taking of testilUony dosed.

'rhe Committee, then adjourned to meet at the call of the Chairman.

6-16

BRANT~EY EST'E,S, Sworn, testified :

EXAMINATION BY REPRESENTATIVE 'BAKER.

I have been an inmate of this Sanitarium three

.months, the 28th of last March; during- my stay here

I haven't in any way been mistreated by any of the

authorities or attendants of this Institution, and

haven't seen any of the other patients mistreated in

any manner; I think the proper attention has been

paid to me by my Physician, he visits my ward~once

or twice dai]y, and oftener than that when he is called

in to see a sick patient; Doctor Y. H. Yarbrough is -

my physician, he is attentive and kind to all of the

. patients in thebuildi?g; I have heard of complaints

by the rest of the patients as to neg-lect by the Doctor,

::_, 1

, I would rather get you to let the~ enter their com-

:2;H

plaints; I heard Medlock, Vickers and several of the

chronic kickers that they have over there; Mr. Vick-

ers is a chronic 'kicker, I would s'ay; Medlock J:tasn 't

got enough sense to be one, and yet he's one that's

licking.

We get wholesome, good food, the quantity is sufficient for me, I get all I want-I have gained twenty-six pounds since I have been here I haven't heard any of them complain of not getting enough io eat. Vickers is just a general kicker on general principles, if he ever speaks good of anybody I have never heard him; I have -known him to kick when he didn't have any g-rounds for kicking. I have never seen him mistreated, on the ~contrary, he got into an arg-ument some time ago with Doctor Yarbroug-h,Jie contended that Mr. -=-Jim Gillman one evening took the place of the regular nig-ht watchman and went to

501

':.:_

gave me a smile and turned off to somebody else,

some other patients waiting to speak to him, he made

no investigation of it to find out the extent of the

affair, the only investigation that ever I heard of,

or anything at all, was just the Doctor would ask

some attendants,-the same one, the same attendant,

-"did you do so and so; "-or maybe the Super-

vis:or,-" did you do so and so, what that man said,"

and, of course, he wouldn't aclmowledge to doing it;

they never had me before any of them as witnesses,

while I was in the Asylum my word was no more

taken than a yellow dog, and no other patient's was -

taken either. . The .food furnished under Doctor

Swint was very, very unpalatable, in the morning

they served a little hash, it's always cold, however,

and oil several occasions I found cockroaches in the

1

stuff, in the grits.' I was sick on W ward, the first

night that I stayed there, I was walking the floor

with hemorrhoids and wasn't abusing 'anybody, I

was just simply suffering,-why, I couldn't lie clown,

-was just walking the :floor and I was groaning with

those piles and he came and says ''cut out that fuss,''

well; I shut up for a while, but I got to suffering so

bad-I couldn't lie down on the bed, and got up again

on the .floor, and they-came in there and like to beat

me to death, he and the crowd, the attendants, hit

me, that was the head attendant, VVill May; the Doc-

tor wasn't there that night; I tried to get them to

call the Doctor up for me, but he didn't come; I did

complain to Doctor Swint about this treatment, and

he did absolutely nothing,-only moved me to 0

..'..

ward, he mov(ld me down stairs, he did that, and

23G

i .t

couldn't stand it, and I lit out and went to hollering.

I was hurting with my head and back. I don't know

whether the hollering helped my head or not, I was

unconscious, and I don't know; it made my head

worse at times', but I was suffering so I was uncon-

scious. They whipped me once with a razor strop before they locked me up in the wire~guarcl; I had

clone nothing, only asked them to send for a Doctor;

a patient na~ed Cook whipped me with a razor

strop, the attendant dicln 't whip me, but they ordered

the patient to 'do it, that was Mr. Ross McCullough

and Osborne ordered that; the Doctor in charge of

the building, Doctor Lttle, dicln 't give me proper

attention, he wouldn't prescribe any medicine, and

j

I had been under him two or three clays; I didn't

,'.".',,1,i
i:;':l

know what kind of medicine I wanted, because I'm not a doctor, ~mel I juE;t asked him to examine me

'

and he refused to do it,-he refused to do anything

for me at all; the Doctors at home told me, when I

waS' in that condition, that I couldn't stand suffering,

before I came hertp, ,and that's the reason I knew I

needed medicine; I'm not suffering no pain now, to

amount to anything, I am improving, been improv-
to ing all the time, I think I am going get well; I

I want to state that I don't get medicine; I got clown

in bed in 1907, and sent to town and got a bottle of

medicine, and it cost me a clollar-I take the money

out of my own pocket-had alkalithia, bottle'of allm-

lithia; I had nervous indigestion and neuralgia. in

my head.

- Iwas sent to the Sanitarium from Gwinnett county, .

from Norcross; I . am broth.er to R. 0. Medlock.

_i

503

..>'

bathe, and I got up, an assistant attendant named Brake-he's quit now, he got married-he came there to bathe me, and there was an epileptic standing there, to the ward at the hath tub, cooling the water, and I didn't notice the man-there was several standing up there, but I wasn't noticing, I had my head down, I was sick as could be, wasn't .able to take no bath, but I went there and this epileptic grabbed me and snatched me around pretty hard and says ''you take your damned things off, sir;'' I says, "who are you," and so I looked up and seen it was a patient, you know, and he says ''that's allright, I'll just hammer hell out of you in about two minutes," I says "I'm not able to :fight man, I'm sick, I'm not in any position to :fight,'' and I got in the water there and I asked him to turn on a little !llore cold water, something or other like that, and he says, "who in the hell's yunning this," and he says "I'm going to hammer hell out of you about this thing yet,'' and he reached over to grab a broom-stick, and I grabbed the broom-stick to keep him from getting it and hitting me with it, and he got me down in the bath tub~I was as weak as water, and this attendant run in and jumped on me, him and the patient both jumped on m~, and they got others and they like to beat me to death; and as weak as I was, they taken me in there and slung me in the wire guard room-I was weak as water and couldn't resist them in no way, I didn't try to,-I was so weak that when they slung me in there I hit on my head, just slung me in there like you would throw a cow or some-
238

r

. '.

my recollection; those attendants that mistreated me, that I toid the Committee about awhile ago, are not here now, they have been discharged now, but not on my account, they were dismissed for mistreating another patient on the hall, and when you found . it out you had them discharged away from here; .as .soon as Doctor Jones found it out he discharged them.

JOHN J. SMITH, Sworn, testified:

I have been here as an inmate of the institution,

. A

twenty-one months; during that time I have been

mistreated one time by an attendant, Mr. H. B.

Fluery; he is here now; he choked me and threat-

ened to put me in the tub, one thing; I hadn't been

doing nothing to hiirJ, for him to do that way; he wanted me to draw a tub of water to put Mr. Co~per

in,-.:another crazy fellow there, and I refused to

draw the water, and then he threw, me down and

choked me for refusing to draw the water; that's all

the cruel treatment that has been inflicted upon me;

I don't know exactly the time that was, it's been this

year; I didn't make any complaint to anybody about

the way be treated me. Mr. Fluery toJd me if I

complained to the Doctor about it he would get on

me again, and I never said nothing about it until they

moved him off,-they moved him the other day from

- the building where I was. I have been put in the

blue-room, for one reason, I was locked up one time

505
I

I was moved to X ward from there; I got that :finger broke in X hall, that's a stiff joint there, that :finger was broken and then I had it splintered after I got home, my mother and father and everybody that knows me can tell you that that :finger was allright when I came here; J olm Kitchens is the name of the attendant that did that; the way that injury occurred, I was lying on my bed with a sick headache-I have them very often-in the Asylum bed in my room or cell, and an epileptic came down the hall and stood in front of my door and he had a mouth organ and he blew it as hard as he could blow it and no tune to it, you gentlemen can imagine how it sounded-a very narrow hall too-about seven or eight feet wide-and I went to the door and begged
.~
hiin to desist; I didn't see an attendant around, it was his place to be on the hall, so I understand the rule books to say, we don't see these rule books, though, they are a mystery to us, what they read,the patients; so he wouldn't desist and started up the hall, there, and I went out to get an attendant, to get Kitchens, Mr. Kitchens, who .was supposed to be on the hall, but he wasn't there, and so I came back,-I couldn't :find him, he wasn't there, and so I came back,-I couldn't :find him, he wasn't in the dormitory, wasn't there; I don't know where he had gone to, and when I came back, the patient says, the epileptic-'' tl~at God damned son of a bitch says he's got a headache and he's gone down there and reported me, and I'm going down there and simply give him hell;" and he was a pretty big fellow, and he grabbed a chair like he was going to hit me, and I
240

attendants curse the patientS' under them, it's noth-

ing to hear them cuss, but they won't curse in th~

hearing of the Doctors; you can let Doctor Jones and

Doctor Green come through there, and they '11 be as

busy as a bee, and when they come there, the;y'll be

''

good to the patients, and aS' soon as they get through

there they are ill, snappy, cuss at them; I think the

attendants have an understanding between each

other to protect themselves from the Physicians;

oneof them can get up and tell things and another

one will sanction it, whether he hears it or S'ees it or

not-there's been things done just that way, sir, by

them attendants; I think one attendant would help

another attendant out of trouble with a patient, in

avoiding the Physicans finding out the cause of the

trouble; I say that there's a fellow by the name of

Roy McKinley,-they :fired him-he told me to go

get a rub, and I went and got a rub, and went on the

portico,-the day room, they call it that,-and he

told me to rub between the posts; I got between the

posts, and he S'ays ''damn you, I told you to rub

lengthwise,'' and cussed me that way, and I throwed

the mop down and says "I wasn't cussed before I

came here and I don't want to be cussed here now

just because you got the keys on me," and Mr. Roy

McKinley tripped me up. I limped two or three

days around there; and Mr. Will Gillman asked me

about it after they locked me up, and told me a lot of

the patients told him I wasn't doing nothing,-went

on and done just what he told me and put me in the

room and kicked me, and when Dr. Green came

through he had turned me out,-Mr. Simpson did,-

and they moved Roy McKinley in the other building.

507

when they had me down on the floor, he got a slap at

me, and the patients will do most anything you tell

themto,-they're pretty easy, you know,-the attend-

ants put them up to doing it, you know; I have heard

I

the attendants putting them up to doing it, heard a

I

number of them encouraging patients to inj.ure other

patients; I have heard that Morgan Thompson, and

I have heard of half a dozen of them-Hadaway,

Cliff Hada~ay, try to make patients jump on other

_ patients and make them worry other patients and

antagonize them; on X hall, this Carter tried his

best to get in the wire-guard while I was locked up,.

to get to me, and they wouldn ;t let him in there, and

when I got out there, I was standing in the portico,

looking out the window-they let me out there and

I was standing in the portico,-they call it,-and

this Carter came out there and says-by: the way,

he cursed in.e in the wire-guard room, and I prob-

ably said so'n:1ething back to him-he clone a great

deal more to me than I did to him, he had hit me

while I was clown on the floor-and he came and

s-ays ''you cursecl me the other clay;'' I s-ays '' 1

don't know, Carter, what passed between us, it's

over with now and I don't know what passed--.you

hit me while I was down, furthermore, you did a

great deal more to me than I did to you, you hit me

. while I was down on the ground;" and he jumped

on me and we got clinched up, and I felt the blood-

he' caught me up there (indicating) and he got me

over here (indicating about the temple), blood com-

menced to flowing pretty freely, he hit a little vein

and it cominenced bleeding very fast, and I didn't

242

treated, I did have a little trouble at one time with Mr. Hollis, but it didn't amount to anything, I rectified it through old Dr. T'. 0. Powell, that was before Dr. Jones b~came 'Superintendent; Mr. Hollis wanted to force me to work and I never bad worked for years previous to that, and I told him it wasn't customary for me to work and he tried to force me, and I went on for the time being, until I got word to my mother at home, and mother came up here and reported it. to Dr. Powell, and he moved him out of the hall, but be didn't bother him at all; he wanted to force me to push a dry mop; he grabbed a-hold -of me and left the impression of his band-big clumsy looking hand-on me, that was for the purpose of f?rcing me to scrub up the floor; there bas be~n no such work done by me since Dr. Jones ca!lle here; I have gotten along all right since Dr. JoneS' came; I work now when I feel like it, but am not forced to work now; I couldn't say I have seen anybody forced, I see them working, I don't know whether they are forced or not; the attention of my Physician towards me is splendid. Dr. R. C. Swint is my physician, he is kind and attentive; I wouldn't want a better man; the attendants are kind and pleasant. to me. I don't ge~ the_ food,. you may say, that I should get, I don't get haTClly e:Qough to feed a good, h1-1pgry mocking bird~it would eat more than I do; in the morning-I don't drink any co.:ffee, I haven't. drank any in four years-you ask for milk, it's so. disagreeable to .get it, and for peace sake, I just let the- milk drop; for breakfast I get a little pjece of fried meat and. hominy-well, I get two pieces about
509

Pool, that I want to get you all to summon,-he was-

n't here before; he was the man that had his nose -

broken in the Asylum by a shoe; Hawkins is an at-

tendant here now; if you will excuse me-that man

Pool, his face shows it, 'his nose was smashed from

one side, and it was clone with a shoe in the wire-

guard room; there wasn't any investigation of it,

not a bit in the world-and this man is a truthful

man; I was not present when that happened, I'm

telling you what he told me, I did see the effects of

it, his nose is smashed from one side of the face to

the other; he told me that they came in there and

scrubbed up the room before morning, that it waS'

a mass of blood, and that they told the doctors and

the doctors wouldn't look into the room; Alex Haw-

.kins hit Pool; I have seen a young man na:n:_ed Hall,

J

on U ward, mistreated-he carried a black eye

around there several days-beat up, I have seen

men choking him and beating him, but I don't know

as I seen that particular incident, where J:e got that

black eye; Mr. Hall is in South Georgia, somewhere,

he's a lumberman; the attendants that I saw abus-

ing him were Will May and Taylor, assistant at-

tendant down there.

I saw Tom Willis mistreated, I have seen Alex Ray and them choking him. I clidn 't have a fuss on every ward I went on, they done the fussing part of it; I am not in position to say whether the other patients .did as much fussing as I, I don't know about that at all, I couldn't say; maybe most of the fusses I had with attendants originated with fusses I had previously had with patients; the reason the

2<1<1

. table, any amount of it, and I have seen other patients go over there and get it, but I have never been bold enough to go there and get it.

My mail had been broken one time-when I :first came-in the past two years; all my express b'oxes are opened now, before it gets to me; I get a statement of what it contains in 9- letter, and I write back home; I :find the goods stated in the letter, in the box; with the exception of a few-yvel1, such as chicken-I found my chicken spoiled, and I folmd a .couple of. postal cards short-postal cards my mother put in there that I could write any time I wanted to; I didn't receive the cards only once.

I don't honestly get enough to. eat; I am short of something to eat, regular every morning, gentle IDEm; I get very little, never do; I used to get more than what I get now; I have complained, and my visiting Physician, Dr. Swint, told the attendant on the hall previous to the one I am on now, that he woltld like for them all to have plenty to eat and to see that the plates ain't neglected, but he didn't do so; one of the Trustees, Dr. william F. Brunner, has been tl~ere interceding for me and asking them to give us what little things I have asked for all the time; Dr. william F. Brunner, I thin~c he's on this Board of _Trustees coming on now; he's from the County of Chatham; I am from the Colmty of Chatham. I had for breakfast, two slices of pork and a little hominy, and a slice of bread-I made out pretty well this morning, and I had a biscuit; I don't have a biscuit and a slice of bread every morn-

,,

511

on those wards that I enumerated. I was over here at this building a little while, b11t it was just such a short time before I left I didn't think it was worth while to mention it; I didn't have any trouble over there.

In those various. wards we were worked, scrub-

bing, and the patients also l1athed the other patients,

and scrubbed up the floors and the :filth; we were

compelled to do it, and the force or threats used

against us to compel you to do it, choking was all

they would do, and beat you with a broom-stick-I

have seen men's legs be black and blue from the hips

down, from refusing to work, hit by the attendants;

the attendants do mighty little. of the work and

.. ;

scrt1.bbing of the floors and washing. the patients.

1

. ! ....:-j

As to how often Doctor Jones went around to

see how the patients were treated or mistreated, I

stayed over there :fifteen months, and I don't think

I seen Doctor Jones over three times during the

~whole :fifteen months that I was there, I never seen

Doctor Whitaker over there in that Twin Building

in my life.

I got out on furlough through my father and mother-I wrote a letter the1'e to them how I was being choked and treated; I gave that letter to a discharged patient, I forgetwho it was,-that's the only way you can get any information out-they hide it, won't let you write home and make no kickthe attending Physicians read all your letters. before they go. In my reception of letters they were very rarely broken before I got them-but they do break

246

would have to catch, you know, and do the best I

could-use all the exertion I could, to keep from fall-

.,.

ing; that was soon after I came here, two or three

weeks after I came here. The only thing I have to

complain of in regard to Dr. Jones is this, that I

had a security for returning home, and Dr. Swint

gave his consent-he was the ward Physician-for

me to return provided I could obtain a security for

good behavior, and I obtained that and my nephew

wrote down here 'for me, and Dr. Jones said, the

reply to my nephew was, that I had bodi1y improved

but I hadn't mentally improved.

.. i
GEORGE LAWSON, Sworn, testified:
I am an inmate of the State Sanitarium; I have been here next month will be five years, sir-I mean four years and eleven months. For the last two ye0rs I have not been mistreated in any way by the attendants; as to whether I have ~een negle'cted in any way by the Physicians in the last two years; wel1, I have had pains in my legs and all like that, and they wou1dn 't give me anything to ease these pains, and I do have them now, and it may be because they couldn't locate the malady, sir, but they l1ave given ine something that I would tell therri. wouldn't do me no good, and I have asked for bro! :midia, which gave me _relief; that's all the complaint I have-that they wouldn't give me the medicine which I thought I ought to have; as to whether they
513

'1'

on various occasions,-tried to get him to dp some-

thing about it, and he wouldn't do it-wouldn't do

anything at all. How I managed to get a transfer

from one ward to another, he just transferred me.

The attendants wouldn't allow you to resent any-

thing or say anything in any way, you weren't al-

lowed to dare to say anything at all-'-they wouldn't

stand for anybody sassing them at all, or make com-

plaint of it or anything of the kind, and that's the

reason they didn't like me; I have seen them jump

on weaker patients ~mel I would take their part and

tell the Doctor, and that's the reason they didn't

like me; I have seen them jump on weaker patients;

and some of them told me "if you would just attend

to .Jour own business"-and I have seen Lindsey

Goodson, up on V ward-oh, I stayed on V ward

awhile~I forgot to. tell you about. that. I did:n 't

have any fusses up there; but that's the waTC1 that

. that Lindsey Goodson was on, and he had an old

man named Wallace-he may be dead-old fellow,

old enough for my grandfather, old man, bent over

-and I seen him make him wash his clothes and

jerk him around about it-I don't know as ever I

seen him slap his face, but jerked him around like

he was going to-handled him pretty rough, j_11st

I

because he said he didn't wash his clothes clean

I

enough for him; that was Goodson, assistant attend-

ant over there.

I am -not particularly high-strung or easil}/ irri-

tated and liable to have a fuss; I have had one little

:... :;

diffi~ulty, I think, since I left this place. When I

~i~::~r

was notified to come before this Committee I was

248

: '1

, . ..

I .got the clothes and started down the steps, and as I s.taded down my feet gave way and clinched under
. '~
me, and I fell back against the wall; well, the next day I went to .breakfast and coming on back that leg gave away, and I had to help myself the 'best I .could, and had to take my bed, and when I got to
bed :t had to help myself best I could; and if that leg
had been pulled out and something done for it, it seems to me it wouldn't have got shorter; that has been about four and a half years ago; not a thing did they do for me but a little bit of liniment, and I had to apply the liniment myself; and another thing, this here foot was club-footed on a<Ccount of it. I did not b~te myself on the arm and try to kill myself a time or -two ; I bit myself once ; I didn't try to kill myse1f, though; and I didn't threaten to kill myself, I said I would rather be dead than be here, and I would; I would rather be a dead man than to be in that place, it's certainly a hell on emth-it's just a living hell, .gentlemen. The name of that attendant that wanted me to carry the clothes d<;>wn those steps was Charley Hudson, the head attendant; he isn't here now; I don't think he was discharged, I think he quit of his own accord; the General Supervisor ordered him to do something and he said he wouldn't do it-yes, I believe he was fired.; I don't know how long .after I was hurt before he quitsome months afterwards-but I went down on this good man's haJl__!Ross 's.
The name of that man that put his lmee on my back was Spivey, he isn't here now, either. I have no further complaint to make against the Institu-
515
/I

been out there. I didn't know until next morning,

-that was the morning they came out,-I was at

the house, I had been sick the night before, but I

never knew a:bout it until next morning, that they

had been out there looking for me, looking around

in my room; and so I seen this gentleman coming

aJ;td he will tell you it's so, that I just simply walked

right out and told him I would rather die than come

back to this Asylum, and I sat down there-I didn't

barricade myself in the hous~it's been said that

I barricaded myself in the house,-if it had been my

intention to idll anybody, I_ could just have barri-

caded myself in the house and cleaned up the posse

-all there would have been to it; I didn't have any

desire to hurt anybody, and I simply got out with

the intention that' I would rather die than come back

to this place, and I told them gentlemen that I did-

n't want to hurt any_ of them,-ain't that what I told

I

you, Mr. vVhipple,-or do you remember~ (Ad-

I

dressing the Deputy Sheriff in charge of witness.)

I made my escape then. Those people were trying to ~rrest me for mother's quick temper, she just had a writ of lunacy issued for me, I think they wer~ acting under orders from the. Court of Ordinary with a writ of lunacy for me; well, I seen him edging up to me, and I says ''I'm going to let him know there's something in this g1rn,'' and I shot low and held the gun low-I thought he was out of range and I just pulled down to let him know the gun was loaded, and I told him coming up on the train that
1 didn't know that I-:-hit him-you know a gun loaded
with bird-shot, if it hits him he's mighty apt to jerk

250

:. : .~

~

me; I did nothing to make them treat me that way, that I could see, no more than on one occasion a

friend of mine, who was a patient on the hall, gave

me a piece of chicken, which he had received from

his home-had his box in his room, he was allowed

to eat from his box at such times as he wished; I

knowing it to be against the rul~s to eat on the hall,

took a piece of chicken. and went into the water

closet-took a piece of chicken and cake and ate over

I

i

the sink; for that I was very severely punished, tell-

~~

ing a man by the name of Rainwater, who is a

patient over there, to go in there and knock old man

Gee down and beat him; this was done hy F:rank

Gillman, an attendant over there;' Rainwater came

over there and pounded me severely; it is op~nly

stated over there tha.t Mr. Rainwater does the fight-

ing over there at the ward; he is a verY crazy ~an.

Barring the times that I have been' on the Convalescent, under a very nice gentleman, who was head attendant, there I was never in the lock-up; -but during; the time I was over there, I was put in the lock-up for taking a piece of chicken which had been given me and eating it over the sink; the next time I made some remark to the attendant about the con~ition of the hall there, and he turned around, used some very abusive language to me, I replied to him-,-'-he turned around and cursed me-by the way, t-hat man is dead at the present time-he turned around, as I say, and used some very abusive language to me, ana I replied to him; he said ''well, I'll lock you up,;' he locked me up and kept me there six or eight hours. I can't say that I really had a fight, I did

517

. ....)

/
a check for $5.00, and I told him the predicament I was in-had worked four days and two nights, "don't you think it's worth more than that," and I
I
had been .addressing some cards for DavisonPaxon-Stokes, and some filing cards, about ten or twelve names to each card and taking them frQm the telephone book and putting them ori these cards; so he says, ''how many was there,'' and I counted them and there was 700 cards, and I told him there was 700 of them; well, he says, "where's all those cards~" I says "they m;e all there, sir, I was sitting right down to the machine, they couldn't have went anywhere"-I was sitting at the machine there, they were all done at the machine ; well, he . says "you know dog-goned well there's no 700 cards there,'' and I says ''all the cards are there, Mr. Massey," I didn't think at that time about that many cards, of course a man couldn't write 700 cards in a week on the typewriter hardly, unless he was pretty rapid,-and I says "the cards are all there, Mr. Massey, and about half of them had already been wrote by the office boy before I got them and he wrote them with a blue ribbon and they were smeared and he looked at them and says ''they are a damned mess, every one of them, I can't use these cards, get every one_ of them cards, get all the rest of them cards,'' and I says ''no, there ain't 700 cards, Mr. JYiassey, but 700 names;" .he says ''they are a mess,'' and he says ''come back tonight and work these over," he says "you got to come back tonight and tomorrow and write them over," and I says "all right, sir, but I have got to
252
-i

.
stating this-being a railroad man all my life, where the strictest discipline was enforced, and I may misjudge the conduct of such an Institution as this, but it is for,. the want of the proper sort of discipline more than anything that I can see. I took the Doctor of my hall the other day, whom I knew his father very well, Dr. Yarbrough, and told him, says I, "Dr. Yarbrough, I have made many mistakes in my life, held positions of trust in many official capacities, from .Superintendent of a railroad down to a track hand''-I com:r.J;lenced as a .track-hand and
raised myself to General Freight Agent of the vVest
Point Railroad, and was elected President of the road at the time I was thrown here, it had been announc(:ld that I was elected President of the Atlanta
& \t'vest Point Railroad, and I says to Dr.. Yar-
brough, "you are a young man, starting out in life; let me tell you, you haven't the proper discipline on your hall, your men don't respect you-in 0ther words, you are a forgetful man, you can't remember from time to time what yon do; therefo:re, you oughtr to be very careful and hold better discipline~ber more rigid with your attendants.'' There is om; water buckets on the hall, which if you will take an~ - occasion to go there and see for yourself-it is open for your inspection; we go there, put our mouths in
of the bucket to drink; there's men with all sorts
diseases, mouth diseases and an sorts, and if. v?d
don't have pellagra, I don't know why-there isil~t'
ar: a dipper and hasn't been, and I have called the'
tention of the attendant-to that, their reasori 'fo~i
thn t, I suppose, is a good one; if you will send a mrih1
519

he holds that affidavit; if it has been reported that he was sitting at his desk writing or something, and didn't know anything about it, didn't know I was going to attack him, not a word of it is true. He had me on the floor and had his knife out, and I got it away from him and got that paper cutter out and stabbed him, he cut me on my shoulder here, I can show it to you-the scar's there now,-about that long (indicating about an inch or two).

I went out from the Institution on a fur-

lough-here'S' a letter from some folks that

I worked for in Atlanta since the posse came
after me, and here's a letter fr'Om vVard &

Company, showing that a man must have been

very sane,-a man must not have been ve1'y

crazy to hold that job,-it was city salesman of a

r

produce business-I held the same job before; I was

in Atlanta something like a month, the last time;

during that time I had only those two positions; I

was going under my own name all the time, I thought

if I was arrested maybe I would be brought back

and get something like a trial; my mother does not

still want me held under that writ of lunacy and

brought back here, she told me that it was just in

the heat of passion, and that she would rather have

her right arm taken off than to do it; I haven't

been tried before, just delay of the law, I reckon;

as to. whether I am being held under the lunacy writ

or under that charge of shooting, I don't know what

they have done about it, but they have put the trial

off so long until I think my lawyer has made the State

swear o.ut a writ of lunacy-they want to claim that

254

charge as a Physi,~ian, I never saw one. more exact-
ing oi his men, nor more feared, and the best dis-

cipline that I have everseen since I have been here-

his eyes go all over the b1-iilding; I would like very

much to see more Dr. Jones' on the ward; now, Dr.

. Jones, I will state, during his time in the ward in

the Green Building, I have fol~owed him-watched

him, and his attendants knew when he approached

.

.

the hall, something, as the expres~ion says, ''there's

something doing;" they got busy, and he di~1n 't stop

at this place or that place, but he continued all_ the

way through. I think Mr. Ross has been driving the

wagon, as scavenger, for the past three or four

years, it hasn't been within the last three or four

years that I was under-him; as an attendant; another
am thing,. gentlemen, if you will pardon me, as I

under oath-'---I have seen this thing, where we were

allowed one biscuit and a cracker for our breakfast,

and I have seen bags of food taken arid fed to the

hogs-the attendant would take it and feed it t? his

hogs, on several occasions ; we had a very fine leg of

mutton-only flor the sick patients, you know-I saw

the gentleman in the dining room carving the meat

from the bone; being very fond of mutton, I asked

him for the J:?one, he said "no one but a hog would

eat it"~he was going to take it to his dogs, he ~rappedit up in his apl"~n and took it and carried it

to his dogs; as it was, I would have been very glad

to have had a small slice of it; that has been done

more than once-time and time again; there was
. another old gentleman- over there, who receiv~d a.
:pension from the U~ited St~tes Army, a man whb

521

jumped on hini and broke his leg::....:_I don't know how it happened, I don't know the names of those people who broke it, I think it was Gilman though; I think he could give yori the names. He was on 0 ward when I left here. I don't know what his given name is, he is from Augusta.

In regard to the diet, it was not good, average

wholesome diet, and it was all the same all the time,.

the vegetables weren't half cooked and you didn't

get but just a bite of them; I didn't receive a good

meal while I was here; one time they hacl eggs-

about half the building-one morning some visitors

came and they had eggs, and about half of that Twin

Building over there had eggs; the biscuits was goocl

at times, and air times it wasn't; the bakers' bread

was good, th~ meat wasn't good, we generally used

this old regular sow belly--<and the Western meat,

it was tough, just like old horse meat and not half

cooked) it was just boiled a little bit; they fry meat

.I

for the attendants, though, give them plenty of meat

and butter and everything else-nice; the attend-

ants don't eat with the patients, they have separate

tables in the same dining room, and they have nice

meat and hash and everything else nice; if you go

around that attendant's table and ask for anything

they snatch you up quick as lightening, and if you

said anything they would choke you. As to how

.,

that bill ?f fare compares with what w~ had, (ex-

hibiting a printed bill of fare.)

" We got the -grits, and the hot biscuits-we got the biscuits bl-it they were c'old, time they got there

256

. i

~

fq:-' _:, d'~' t.._;:!.J ...... ':-~ / :r: ':rJ

and

look

after .

It

and

see what he has got himself 'f'J"/ ...J!.f ~~~;(t ~~';:- /:;r 11 . ~r-]::,1

he never knows what he has got; I .c.ame here with a



t [ } 1 : J 1t 1 ; i ; ~ i r .. 1; ~- i (l -~ . ;j 1 i : -:: ~

trunk full of clothes, sow~, y-)~~}1~~1( ?.Br~rTI TI~s 1l.ff

positi~n to b1~y suchat t~~,~i,~eTt~::??WJ:~a,?:.q,~a~~

and rmg which I had ~orn .on my :finger, twenty

ye~rs-a Maso~ic ring;' i1'ria 'b~~i~~n;:fh~ 8~~~~~:~: ~~d

r :.;' ... !

i r' f ; i. t i ! ~-! i .; ! :.! .. '-~ : . : 4 :: 1 i

compass of it, but I had' had. it re~set---.:a ring I had



'

:,I '. 1 / f -: t i

i I { ~ t ~;

i ; . i ). l \ ' : J; :..: ' i : .

w_orn during my time a~:. ilf~.~l;:ip,~?.Yr. { ~~4, ;w;orp. }.~

for one

twen occa

ty year swn to

s; le

tMlmr.~_Rtw!o,es; 4sa(:!r.caIJ'tmIo{eOu,it:to,.ina;nJ1~d.,e!;,I.la.sh1katevHd:e:

me on
\_i:, ,:;
never

.

. !qj lqf(' ![\j jl..f~) l 1! ~;;i ,: _.:~

seen it since; I have tiri1e :arid time again demanded

it, and have written. n?Yo;;~~~~a'66i{t'.i( .{~~d~;:::r.'~;~

.

. 'l ~ ; ' ' ' ' : J : 11

! . / .-r ...._ \ I I

! I : . . ' ; . ) ' l )' i !

sonal cover; the gold headed cane was .a present by,

: If~.('! ~~ :~);''\; :~~J ;..' :~!; I , ) , :1 t

Mr. Crawford, his son-in-law,

of in

APteli;im"~~,_s~, :~;: yt~ ;lvt~{a),n~r/i.a~J,,~~toj:f aRM!~; :}Irl(.If~'JI~oo:.h' QnpjjR, ~eJ:njRf~jrc~o!!' 1,

he had pledged to me for a tiCk~t, from. A.tlanta. to, ' ' 'J ' { ~ .t;.., l } t ' ' ' .~ I : I : 1 t J : ( 1 ' j I ; ' I . t ~ ; ; J : ) l '
New Orleans, for $19.20; I put it in my trunk, saw

Mr. Ross out with it, and that cane I have never

since seen it; I hav~ asked Mr. Simpson about it, I

have asked Mr. Ross about it and Sam Simpson, I

have written Dr. J on~s several }ett,erE?, :twder per~ sonal cover about :it~~1~~'il thi'n'g;as g~t 'that's th~

only complaint I hhve' to: make. u Now,: tt~do the food,

the food-after wei rate locltecliri thecdo'oT:s~i:n:>w don't take the kitche~YasHaic'samplei 0f"thl f0oa>we1

get, but after the.ICtoQH's:are locl~etliandwe !are' in tlte; dining room andiWJe ':::lit -dowfioto; 1eat;~c6me' micli see what we get tor eaiiqdsoi'ne lfewi get's a:nr~tl:rerbe:::it oil
everything, some1eir s~ay;il):o'ardelts aiid pets; it b:a~ been done so long';t'sha#irbg th~s 1pa'ftia:1rty,i that thli

1mtients have ileatnled- to.fdoiltlilf'.verJ"sliun:e, thi:r:igj

J
I
. i

ancl: the men wlt6l ~aiti;hrrd''are'lruttable rto' d~fen'd1

' ' " ' ; ...J

get a good bit of it together and then they go and sell it, I suppose, I haven't seen them sell it; but I have seen the tobacco in drawers of their dressers, though; I suppose they sell it; or -use it for themselves,-chew it themselves; you know.

In .my_ former testimo1;1y I stated that the, patients were made to wash the clothes of some of the negroes; oyer in the kitchen I have heard them call crazy patients,___,say ''here, come here, old girl and wash my clothes, "-they call them "old girl" or "old lady"-nicknames, you know-they have got nicknames for them over there. I don't know whether you would call it make them go or not,bi.lt they. done it because they were afraid not to do it; that would be negro .men talking to white menjust called him "old girl"-just a nickname, you l~now,~' 'come here and wash my shirt.''

.:Tom 'Ray was a choker too__:_like to choked me

to death once, when I moved from 0 ward; I said

1 never got any mistreatment down there-Tom

Ray choked me, but that wasn't according to Mr.

Ross' iristructioris, though,----lh~ just taken me and

choked me, but that wasn't according to Ross' in-

structions; I knew them to take a man )>y the name

of Spike and lock him up because he escaped-and

beat him;. I know he came back there and I lmow he

waslocked up a 1ong time. As to where Iwas when

1 wrote this article in reference to the State Sani-

tarium, well, I gathered- some data here and made

notes, made -some :-notes here and then wrote it up

when I went home. : I done it myself. About this

:: ._,;

258

. ....

hav:e seen patients mistreated by the attendants

here; I'll name two attendants, Morgan Thompson

and Linsey Goodson-two men that I feel haven't

any right whatever to hold positions in this place,

they are here now; I have seen them mistreat

patients on the hall, pull them, browbeat them, throw

them in the .wire-guard, choke them; they. haven't

any cause to do that,. at all, they just do it, do it

to make them work and to make them mind, and

do it anyway;. I have seen them put them in the

guard-house or browbeat them because they

wouldn't work; lock them up because they wouldn't

he~p scrub-lock them up because they wouldn't do

like they wanted them to do; they would be noisy or

hard to manage sometimes when they were locked

up.; they locked them up sometimes to make them

behave themselves, but I have seen them. locked up

when.it looked like it was uncalled for. I th~nk it

was special spite against some of the patients-

that'swhat it is; I wouldn't see any permanent per-

sonal injuries inflicted upon them, but just lock them

up in their room, scare them, maybe, like you would

scare. your son, perhaps, if you had that power over

your child, that you would tell him you would whip

him~get a stick and whip him; I wouldn't like to

state that I heard any of them where they were

thr.eatened that they would get a stick and whip

them; I hav:en 't been threatened about coming be-

fore this 1Committee and testifying; as far as I am

concerned myself, I can say that I have received

good treatment, but I say that I don't care to testify

against any of the officers here in any way, except

525.

a doctor at horne that said to fast to cure indigestion, and he .had cured himself and so I done it on his advice~I would have done anything to get. well.
I did drink whiskey; excessively at times; I ne'?'e~~ used dopes, I was always afraid to tackle it; I can't imagine why I haven't used it, just God, I reckon, has kept me from using it; I haven't drank any whiskey since I got out of here; I think that Dr: Jones and the other Doctors l~new of these erue1t~es and are backing them up; they really k:llow of it, and make no effort to suppress it at all; now, the reasons for that I can't give, only that they run it their own way-Dr. Swint has told me ''we are run, ning this thing, and"-and Dr. Jones, besides; Dr. Jones and Swint both of them have told me, ''we a're running this thing, and we are running it to suit oursel~es, and it has been ;run'to suit ourselves and it is,going to be run to suit ourselves from now on," and~I just says "yes sir."
on. I know. of immoral or improper conduct the
part of the males or females in the Institution here; over there, the night watchman helped those females to get away and kept them down in the basement for a week for immoral purposes; I . don't know about that; only I saw Frank Miller, this attendant; going to the trial, getting ready to go, to the trial every day and I asked hirn-I asked them "what's the rnatter1" and they told me that's the trouble; they helped them to escape from this Convalescent Building, they taken some clippers and clipped them wires there over the windows and helped these
26Q

r

,.

necessarily mean that the Physician has spite

against me, because I claim they haven't any right

_ to hold me; if I had been legally committed to this

place by trial I wouldn't have any kick coming, but I was kidnaped into this place; I am from }~ain

bridge, Georgia. As to why they want to keep me

here if I am well and' should be discharged yol1 'll

nave to go fu~ther to find that out; I don't see why

Dr: Jones should have any cause for spite against

me at all; I have my father and mother at Bain-

bridge; I have been here six years, and .I haven't

seEm one 'of my relatives since I have been here;

here's a couple of photographs I have got here,

that's my little girls,' and that's a diary that I keep

on the hall; I remember when I was _brought here;

I have never been crazy, drunk or anything; tl!ere

wasn't any charge, they just slipped into ll1Y room

and the Sheriff took me and brought me here; I

'have never had a quarrel with my fathe1~ and mother

in my life; I was living at Bainbridge _with them,

then, but I hadn't been there but six months with

them; my father and mother wanted me put here,

:and Dr. Jones has no right to- further their wishes

just because they want me to oe locked up; I have

never been before a court in my life; never went be-

fore the Court of Ordinary to have me carried here.

My n:ame is J. M. McBride, my father's name is A.

T. McBride; I was born and raised eight miles below

Bainbridge, Georgia; I am a stenographer and book-

keeper.
-[~flJp. 1 ,,.. , .,, : .-In!. '/,'Jdt ..-.-;-h!co
9:ii 1o 9wo:~ ; .-,[irbl- ;; n1 '),flu .?.9ITO :kr('>

' . i'I

that he came in the hall with a crowd of attendants and did me that way; but that was another hall; they tied my hands and feet together on that occasion, too. As to whether my being kinder highstrung and not yielding to them, made it kinder worse for me; no, it wasn't a question of yielding at all-I was suffering that night with the hemorrhoids, and I was suffering awful bad and groaning, I suppose-the Lord, that night, wouldl1ave been the "Only person that could have stopped that-'of course, I was m~king a little fuss groaning.
Those Physicians do not come around and make a personal inspection and investigation of the patients and see what they need along the line of medicine and so on; they came around every day, but it would be just a casual glance only-very often they would just come to the door and -ask how everything is and not look in at all; they didn't come in the dining room while ihey were eating, to see that the patients got the proper nourishment; they just looked in-that's his route from the kitchen, you know, he's got to come that way to go on through. The old patients who can't get about as well as the younger ones-they get the proper amount of food if some of the patients happen to catch them and help them; the attendants sometimes see that they get the proper food, and sometimes they don 't-it's just according to how it happens to be.
I have seen one or two Legislative Committees come through there, and they always came through
262

r
- 'patients stand in fear of the attendants; appear afraid that the attendants will treat them roughly for having them reported to the Doctors; of course .the Dunnington matter, that's something which I would say that the attendants were justified in hand- ling him roughly, and I couldn't afford to say that he was mistreated on that account.
I have been in the dining-room service about two 'weeks; I got for breakfast, before I went into the .dining room, as a usual bill of r'are, one biscuit and _roll, a little grits and a cup of coffee; I got for dinner, a little rice, a little meat, either pork or beefjust a small little- amount-and a biscuit; piece of ~corn-bread and a cup of water----;-sometimes have a little gravy on the rice; for supper, one slice of loaf b'read and a cup of coffee and syrup. I have heard 'right smart of attendants cursing on the halls, I really don't think the Physicians know they do curse, '1 have never heard the Physicians curse.
The blue-room or. wire-guard room, are used for a-kind- of lock-up, that's what they used on Dunnington, and what all the rest raise Cain a-bout, they .didn't use it on me, I have never had any trouble in any shape or form; I have never known one to'be put 5~ there for not working; the -p.sual -language used by. an attendant to get a patient to work, they generally go and ask them to go and do what they want .done-; I have seem :them go and tell him that they .hadjt to do; they threaten them with the blue-room if one _--.yj_ll j-qst com~_ up <tnd say that he won't wo.:rk;
r didn't say that I had ever seen an attendant put
5:J9

name-his legs were black and blue where they

jumped on him, and he showed that to Dr. Swint-

a man comes here non compos) he's n_ot supposed to

be beat up'-the man showed him his legs, all black

and blue; and he asked him who clone that, and he

told him an attendant, 'and Dr. Swint just says

"evidently somebody's had hold of him." Dr. Yar-

brough was ove1"' at the Convalescent, over there,

when I was there; he is not more particular about

his treatment than Dr. Swint; Dr. Swint had more

feeling for his patients than Dr. Yarbrough; they

are not all pretty much the same thing, I found :Qr.

Swint better than any of the rest of them, only he

. didn't investigate those things when they were re-

ported to him; I believe Dr:. Swint has got a tender

heart, and I believ~ Dr. Jones-he can't do nothing

on account of him-it's against their policy or

against their regime of nmning things; DT. Jones

rides a~ound and walks around for his health;

answers letters, such as that; Dr. Whitaker attends

to the ladies over there-I don't know much about

Dr.

Whit.aker;

I

met

with

some

good attendants ~

in

-

the .t1.sylum; I stated to a young man the::r,:,e today-

I just told Mr. Whittle about it-I never seen him

mistreat anybody, he might have done it and I not

see him, but I never seen him mistreat anybody

while I was here, and he was clown on my hall when' I
I was down on 0 ward-he never hurt me; one at-

tendant never reports anything to the Doctor about

what another:. attendant did; they stick to each other.

I have seen this F'leury man, I have seen him hit a patient-Harris-down there with a bunch of

26,1

,,, "-' ..

. ,~ ~~.f~i~~~~~-~ :.- J

.I
G. V. EDW.A.RDS,, Sworn,. testified:
I am and have been an inmate of this Institution about seventy~two or three days; during that time, I have not been mistreated in any way by the attendants, and. have not seen an:y of the attendants mistreat any othe:r: people; the Doctors have been kind and attentive to me; I haven't got any fault to :find at all withthem; Dr.. Green and Dr. Swint are my Doctors, their attention has been all that I thought was proper; the only complaint at all I. have to make against this Institution is what we have to eat; the quantity of food that I get to eat is not sufficient to satisfy my hunger, and it is not cooked properly, preparedproperly for me, I complain both of the quality and the quantity of the f?od. I never heard tlie attendants cursing patients, there's a right smart of it done, but I coulcln 't say that I ever heard an attendant curse.
We have a water room where we get drinking: water,. with six water buckets in there, and dippers,. and a bathroom, we get water all right-good water,, and get it when we wan:t it; the patients generally get w.a.ter whenever they want it, if they don't, it's: their fault. I weigh a little bit more than when I carg: here, but Dr. Jones, that makes a difference.-
.' ~ .

G. A. CASSIDY, Swor!l, testified:
:r have been an inmate here since the 25th of July;
' 531

I

~~

that a writ had been sworn out and we were going up _before day-light and get him, and his father

brought that in; but his father had promised that if

we didn't make any effort to get him by breaking

down the door, that he would 'bring him to town to

us, and we couldn't get him to come. to town as per



agreement, and then I went out about eleven o'clock, and he met me-in fact, I had to go down from the

public road under cover of some pear trees, and I

saw him sitting over on the porch from the road,

and M soon as I was where. he could see me, there

he was with his gun levelled, hollering to stop; well,

I advanced on him until I was about fifty yards of

him-he would take down his gtJ.n 'mid talk a few

minutes, you know, and I would keep walking on1 and he would level it again and I would stop and we

would talk a while and me still advancing, and I

kept that up until I got to about fiftr yards from

him, and he just got in a complete- rage, and I saw he

I

couldn't stop if he went to shoot, and I stood there

I

and reasoned with him; first, I told him who I was

I

and he told me who he was, and I tried to tell him if

he wasn't crazy he was certainly injuring his case,

and offered to let him examine any amount of wit-

nesses or people that he wanted to, and he said, yes,

the other son of a bitch told him that too-that's

when he was arrested previously, .you know~and

then I tried to divert his mind from the subject, and

laugh it off with him, and I even ate some pears with

him that had fallen from the trees, but there was

nothing doing_; later the Sheriff came up and we

made an effort to get to the house in the afternoon,

266

t -
buy; I send an order through the Doctor and get hi~ to get it for u_s. I don't consider that that Doctor fared better in the same building than I _did; only I have never been able, on the same hall he .was on-well, he would just worry me to death for something to eat, and I judge that he didn't get plenty, and I couldn't have anything cooked that he didn't want some of it, you know, and such as that; the only stuff I have bought since I have been here was hams -canned goods, such as that. The food is the .only thing I have to complain about, against the conduct of the Asylum. No one tried to prohibit me from giving such evidence as I wanted too.
J. 0. WILLIAMSON, Sworn, testified:
an I am inmate of this Institution; I came here
about March 1907; I have never been :uiistreated whatever by any of the attep.dants or any of the offipers or Doctors of the Institution; all of them treated me all right, the Doctors have been just as good and kind as could be, it seemed like to. me; the compJaint I have to make against the Institution is mostly about the cla,ssification of the patients; we all, have to. stay on the same halJs, the rough and coa:rse crowds . and the peaceable; .they go in the W?-ter halls and they take .their hands and stir around in the water that we have to drink out of; they do that frequently, and sometimes they hark
an<t spit ll:! the, water buckets, and we have nowhere
533

ing about that he fasted so long; from what I can learn, he was always high-strung, but since that time he has just been in one thing and another all the time; since he was in jail, the jailer treated him so courteously when he went up to Atlanta after him, he was all smiles with the jailer, and then he wanted to fram the jailer out, and then he wanted to make apologies; he gives the jailers in Augusta trouble; they have to handle him with kid gloves, and give him all the treatment they can; sometimes he will do all right and then again he won't; at times he claims to outsiders that the people there mistreat him, and at times he doesn't; why he told me this morning coming over here, that he was very much pleased with Jailer Plunkett, in fact, he would very much .rather Plunkett came with him instead of myself.
SAMUEL SIMPSON, Sworn, testified as follows:
I am Supervisor of the White Male Department; I have just recently been appointed, about three months ago, to the Head Supe1:visor's place; prior to that time I was Assistant Supervis9r, between fourteen and fifteen years.
My duties is every morning to unlock the Supervisor's office, see that the attendants all come in, that's off at night, in proper time; if any of them want to get off for a day or a half day, I write permits for them to be off, and then my next duty is to
268

patients and attendants had gone to dinner arid this

patient came through the hall and I came after him,

and this attendant grabbed this patient by the neck

and pushed him on then grabbed him the second time

and pushed him on; well that attendant was dis-

charged pretty soon afterwards, that the only cruel

treatment that I have seen, they never mistreated

r i

me in any way. I owe Doctor Green and Mr. Gil-

more and Mr. Humphreys my life, ~hey treated me

kindly, and all the management of t~e concer~ was

proper, I thought; I got enough to eat; I worked of

my own accord, 'but was not forced to do it. I never

heard any of the attendants over me cursing. vVhat

was my trouble that caused me to come here, I had

.the syphilis when I was seventeen years old. I was

in position to see arYything to the detriment of tl-ie

Institution, and I never saw anything,-all the pa-

tients were treated all right, as far as I could see.

I believe I know a man by the name of Dunnington ; I don't know that I saw him have any difficulty with any patient or attendant while I was. here, I don't remember him very well, I remember the name, but I don't iemember the person; I don't know any-
\ti~w~:1 .?f. ,~"fl,. ~1~.J?~e~.~~~~, ?J~aracter occurring on his
part, or on the part of a.n. ~ttendant.. .
'r 1 /!iil:i!~tJ!~~ !!!~ f;!. ~-/~:.2 i: ~ :~(!c;i.l -~~d 'J'f,rt ._t:.]q_-: ;.:~~~

)fi! ., ;f~1- (q,t-l.' rr:)l 'ti .:-:'>lrrnirn ')~lfl l!~rr~fi ~tfff .ll.d.- --.'_..f;.xJ

.'_)rri:;qro;q ;_!_.ftf-:n n~1 'J'f_.d . .tr~~,- .;J;n 1 ; rr:':>l

oLt EjR,>O~l'Y!1~HvV-..:dJiO;,:NffifE)S1 S-,w~:!orn, :te-~s~t:i,:,.f_;ie~d:1i~l J'it~~~~---f~f)

. _ !!!}' iJ..hl;l.Yfl :be~n r,iW-: _i:p.wa,te. ,}j.ere)rSI3,~f'lll 1 rY~Ft;r,~;i'i~e~~t

... i'

)~fliT~ Jm-;,~19;P47<i J);ta;v,e. n<;>t, ,ff9T:: th~ l~st, q~r~Y;'_y,;ea..f:/3

.J

;.5},5

'.'. -1

. -~- ~

made complaint to me about Hadaway's treatment

of him; I investigated it, inquired of the witnesses

that saw it; well, I couldn't call it a difficulty, be-

cause there was no difficulty on the attendant's part

at all; he didn't say anything to me about their

breaking his :finger, but he said that they had tried

to drown him, though; he made complaint to me

about Finery's and Morgan Thompson's treatment

of him. I investigatted it and I didn't :find where

they had any difficulty on their part-it was on his

part, the difficulty was; he told me that they tried

to drown him; and about choking him, I investigated

that, and didn't :find anything in it, because I didn't

:find anybody that said it was so; I don't think Mr.

Thompson was reported to me at all; Fluery and

.. .... ~

Hadaway said it wasn't so, that they never harmed

him at all; it was reported to Dr. Swint; he investi-

gated it, and found there was no evidence to show

that it was so, and for that reason they were not dis-

charged; they don't discharge them unless there is

positive evidence to show that they have mistreated

them; Dunnington's general character is that he was

a very disagreeable patient, and that he couldn't

_get along with thB patients nor the attendants either,

and would often be in difficulties and :fights with

other patients; I couldn't say positively, but he was

moved probably some eight or ten times to different

wanls.

I see the meals, some days three times a day; as to the quantity and the quality of the food given the. patient, I think it is good, as a rule, and plentiful,....I: don't think so, because when I see a thing I

210

himself, in the nature of a treatise; under instructions of the Committee, only a portion of the document referred to is incorporated herein, and that merely for the purpose of showing the quality of the mind of the witness; the extract from said treatise is as follows) :
.'
''Gentlemen: I wish to tell you before I begin I was sent here as a dope :fiend. I disgusted all my friends by my excesses and they would all let me rot here before one would lift a :linger to help me out of this place. But that is no reason why I should be kept here for life, a man should have another chance.
''I wish to show you by this paper that lunatics can be cured in a very easy and simple manD:er; indeed the whole ~thing is so simple, I don't see how doctors could have stumbled over it so long. Its very simplicity causes the doctors to shoot over the mark; but at the same time, the proper treatment of luna;tics is as paradoxical as a beautiful woman is capncwus. One of the :first things we learn is that food stimulates the brain. Why say then that a lunatic must be starved out on a light diet, and yet both of ~these statements are true. I am not presenting you theories today, I am only telling you what I have seen, after the closest kind of association with lunatics for seven long, weary years.
I say unhesitatingly that lunatics can be cured, not all, but nine in 'ten by being half starved on bread and butter for two inonths or its equivalent in other light food and then b-uild up on cereals, with just
. -1
537

eharged. If there is a male attendant in our department today that drinks whiskey any more than a dram, I am not aware of it; I don't see them under the influence of it at all, and I have a mighty good opportunity to find it out if they did; that's been the greatest trouble amongst the attendants, whila I was Assistant Supervisor, the drinking amongst the attendants. It is a fact that you sometimes have to use force to overcome a man; a man like Dunnington, for instance-he would get to fighting with a patient, or an attendant, either, for that matter, and they are obliged to use force to carry him to the ward or to a room where they could lock him into the room to himself to keep him from hurting other people; but there was no other force used than necessary to accomplish the object; as to Dunning. ton's statement that the patients were often required to wash the clothes of the colored laborers, it is not true to my knowledge, and if it was true I certainly would have heard something of it; I never have heard anything of that kind at all; white patients are not even permitted to wash the clothes - of the colored patients; I go through the wards every day and Mr. Hemphill goes through the wards every day, and if such a thing existed, we would be obliged to find it out-somebody would say something about it-that couldn't be possible; it is my duty to see to it that these attendants treat these people right; I try to see that the attendants are in their proper places and treating the patient right; it is the attendants' duty to make the beds ups see that the floors are kept clean as well as whitewashed and
272-

load. The stronger and more trashy the food, the better the lunatic likes it. I do rwt blame people for wanting to shut off lunatics from all the rest of lnimanity, they are unpleasant and detestable beings. I have been here seven years, and although I have made a close study of lunwtics, it was because I had nothing else to do. I have never seen a lunatic I loved or was personally charmed by any of his good traits. I study their habits, pity and sympathize with them, bllt do not have anything to do with them socially, and yet the subject of insanity is the most interesting thing to. me in the whole wm'ld. As much as lunatics disgust me, I would rather study their co!ldition than do any other kind of work. There is a weird kind of joy in being disgusted by them;
''Once Ellen Terry, the great English actress, was given the part of Ophelia in I-Iamlet; she went ,to different mad houses helping to get a suggestion as to how to act Ophelia, but she said there was no pity, beauty or na;ture in any of them. Just as she was going to leave, she saw .a young girl gazing at a wall; she went bertween the girl and the wail to look .at the girl's face, the expression was quite . blank. The girl threw up her hands and flew like an arrow, but in the girl's actions Ellen Terry saw the spiri:t of patiently waiting.
''I do not now recall but one lunatic who has ever shown me anything beautiful in life, and that was
by a patient by the name of Ward on our ward-he
can sing---:-not that he knows anything about music,
53.9

with such force that his arms were skinned; I ex-

amined him and didn't find anything to indicate that

it was true; no bruise or skinned place; I don't

think it possible for an attendant or attendants to

have jumped on Mr. Dunnington _and choked him

into insensibility and thrown him in one of those

rooms and kept him there in an insensible condition

for some length of tl.me without my discovering it i

they couldn't possibly have done it, I don't think,

and besides, I don't think we have got an attendant

who would do such a thing as that; he never made

such a charge as that to nie; he never made a charge

to me that he was tied and put in a bath tub and

kept under the water until he was almost insensible,

and I never heard of iLamongst the attendants or

::,.._

patients here; I have never known any of the

patients to be ducked in the bath tub or the hose

. turned on them. I have known of a patient by the

name of Pool, that was here once, from Hiram,

Georgia; he never, to my knowledge, had his nose

broken while he was an inmate at this Institution;

I made an investigation once, where he ?it one of

the attendants, I think, with .a shoe-I am not

positive, tho1.1gh, about that; at that tinie there was

no bruises on :Mr. Pool's person-on his face-his

nose wasn't broke_n that I know of, I never saw any

signs of it b.eing broken; I neve1; saw any blood

around the room that he was in,.indicating that there

had been some mistreatment of him by someone; I

have heard that he said his nos"e was broken here,

but there was n_othing of" it that I ever knowed per-

sonally of its being true. I have known of a patient

274

..

until the stomach actually gnaws in hunger, and then build up on cereals.
"Again, I say, do not give lunatics meat, alrthough a little butter or soup will not be out of place, but avoid pepper and vinegar. Bread is the staff of life and should be the principal food for lunatics. But no matter wlmt food is used, the lunatic must be first starved out.''
*
DOCTOR E. M. GREEN, Recalled, testified:
I have not at present any patient under me suffeting with syphiliS', it has 'been a long time since I have had any syphilis, and no syphilis in an ac~ tive stage; I don't know of any syphilis now in an active stage in this Institution. I have a patient under me who has running sores, that's Ralph Johnson; he has been here five years; he didn't have syp:Qilis when he came, he has never .had any opportqnity to contract it since he came, and hasn't any now. There was no scales on him to fall off in the wash tub; I didn't furnish him any salve to rub him:?elf around his privates; he had ring-worm around his scrotum, but he had no syphilis, and no goriorrhcea; ring-worm is contagious; he would wash in the basin or the same place with the other patients, there was no danger of catching or infection there, it didn ''t spread; he's well now, and been so for months. We are cautiouS' when syphilitic or gon-
541

out and knocking his feet from under him; it didn't

hurt the patient, but the attendant was discharged the next clay; the Doctor won't keep them whenever

they commit any act of violence-hit them or choke them or anything of that sort-the Doctor discharges them if the evidence is sufficient that they are guilty. As to how often Dr. Jones makes a per-

sonal inspection as to the treatment of the patients under him, the best that I can recollect, about once

a week, now, I don't know how often he goes to the Convalescent, but over at the Twin Building, once a week or oftener; you see I am on my ward and he could- go through the whole hl1ilding probably, and I not know it; I make a written report to Dr. Jones

every day, and make such recommendations. as I

. ~/.i

think ought to be made.

Alex Hawkins is in the employment of the Insti-

tution now; my recollection, Mr. Hawkins reported

the matter to me about Mr. Pool, I am not positive,

hut I think Mr. Pool hit him with a shoe; Hawkins

was the attendant, that's my recollection about itit has been a good many years ago-it's when they

were clown in the Detached Building where there is

now colored females; I don't know whether Hawkins

hit him back or not; because I wasn't there, and I co{lldn 't say about that at all; I don't think that he

did though-he couldn't afford to hit him back, because he was a patient-there was no evidence of it;

I remember seeing Mr. Pool afterwards; I saw him the next morning, and there wasn't any signs of his nose being broken, or bruised, or anything else of

the kind; I didn't examine his nose, there was noth-

27()

view of :rape or begging them to submit to his ap-

proaches. He says he has been in many hundreds

of such scrapes. He gives the impression of want-

ing to force them to submit, but has not been known

to actually use force. He has always been released

on the plea of unsound mind or by his sharp talk

has deceived the officials and friends of the offended

one. He is very shrewd in pleading his own cause.

He. turns against his family with the vilest re-

proaches when they attempt to advise him. He has

always been intensely erratic mid a degenerate in

deportment.'' That was from his family physician,

it came a day or two after he did; now, his mental

strutus : ''The patient is quiet, reserved, spends his

time in. reading, does not help iri the ward work. At

; '

times he is irritable, complains of :riot 'being t~eated

with respect, of the patients about him, the noise in

the building, and the food. On examination, he speaks

spontaneously-' I am suffering this morning from

constipation. My bowels have not moved for three

days. I have as a rule every day an action, but

when I am constipated, I have to force and strain

and it hurts; it seems to be at the edge of the rectum

but won't come out.' Hie has taken all kinds of laxa-

tives and cathartics, but the constipation grows

worse .

."He fe.els fairly good ancfis in fairly good health

but his kidneys act too freely. 'In writing, or if my

mind is employed in thinking it will act on the kid~

neys.' His teeth need to be taken out, as they are

the cause of his indigestion. He has astigmatism

j

and .needs to be treated for this. Has pains down

543

r.- . .,._ - ---~,-,--

""C

-

the samethat the patients do; they are not made a

favored class in the food matter; I do not eat at the

table with the attendants, I have a separate table

from the attendants and inmates both; six, I think,

eat at my table; one of themis the man that looks

after the dining room, Mr. Bloodworth, and one of

them is the medicine carrier, the other one is Mr.

Hemphill, my assistant, and one of them is the yard

watch, Mr. Bob Humphreys; there is also a white

patient that eats there, that helps at that table, by

the name of Mr. Whittle; the Sanitarium furnishes

the food for my table and also for the attendants'

table, and of course, the food for the patients'

tables;- if there is anything additional on my table

to what is on the attendants' table we buy it our-

selves; they cook it out in the kitchen, the food for

the whole business; nothing is put on the attendants'

table that is riot put on the patients' table; it is all

alike. We sometimes buy oysters, fish, chickens or

eggs-anything like that.

There is a printed bill of fare-Monday the bill of fare is (reading from the printed bill of fare) . Grits-that is, for breakfast-grits, hot buiscuits, crackers, bacon, steak,. batter cakes, syrup, .coffee. They have the batter cakes-that don't mean for every one, that's for the sick, them that's sick and feeble; the hot buiscuits-they are hot when they bring them in, but when the meal is served, by the . time it is served t}ley begin to get colcl a little, but they are hot when they bring them in for the meal; they have the batter cakes for the feeble ones and those that need them; those that want it have syrup,

278 . '

to resist subsequent ones. Exercise has no effect upon it, but constipation increases it. After succumbing to temptation, he has a repulsion for it and for himself. When he goes to a hotel or boarding house, and :finds little girl::r there, he frequently leaves to escape temptation. 'That thing is in my eyes, as Peter says 'eyes full of adultery that can't keep from sinning.' ''
"He has no. attraction towards males and none (towards adult women. vVhen seven ;years old a little negro girl took him under a bush raised her ~lothes and showed him her genitals. He was '"charmed like a snake charms' and has ever since been affected by a female child's organs.
''He was religiously brought up, has had wonderful religious experiences; tries to lead a consistent Christian life, has prayed earnes'tly and tried to overcome this obsession. No one outside of his own family knows of his condition, he thinks, and he has never consulted a physician about it. He feels that there is a barrier between him and other people. 'I feel that they feel it some~imes, the barrier seems to rise without cause.'
He has no fear of anyone :finding out his condition. ''I begin to .hope to accomplish something in life, when the sub-consciousness arises 'what's the use, this will prevent YOU.' I hope to rise in the business world, hope to marry, hope to take my place as a man, what's the use."
Occasiona11y l1e has a natural desire for inter-
545
18-inv

for _dinner-b~ef, bacon, rice, corn or potatoes and

other vegetables whenever they are in season or

we have them; soup sometimes, and one medium

<I

size biscuit and a medium size pone of corn bread; that hardier set of men have for supper-syrup and

butter and light bread and biscuit, they have one

slice of light bread, one biscuit and butter, syrup and

coffee-some of them have milk, if they have enough

to give them milk; we only have meat for them that

the Doctor specially wants to have meat for supper,

they don't always have meat for supper; now, the

working out crowd, that works down in the :field,

they all have meat three times a day-beef and

bacon; it is just placed on the table; and they all

come in, each one has his particular seat; some will

get .there ahead of the others, they all come in and

take their seat as soon as they come in and go to

eating; sometimes some get more of the provisions

than those weakly ones that .can't get there so

_quickly; there's some of them that will grab stuff

from other patients' plates; the attendants come in

when the patients do, and while the patients are

eating, generally, are passing between the tables or

in the hall; after they get them all seated and pro-

vided for, then the attendants go to eating, so that

they can get through and go back out with the pa-

tients; the attendants are always looking out to see

that some of the weakly patients tha:t can't get about

as fast as the oth.ers, get their meals; if there is any

of them that's not being looked after, they let it J?e

known right there, if they have any mind at all. It

is my understanding, those that stay down at the

::
280

but that's about all the complaint he made; that's the custom before we send them among the other patients, that they be bathed.

DOCTOR Y. H. YARBROUGH, Recalled, testified:

I am the physician over Wards 19, 20, 21, male;

in one of my wards I have a patient by the name of Paul Phil~ips; his case is diagnosed as cerebral syph-

ilis; he has been under m:y charge since January

1st, this year; he bas no running sores of any kind,

I have no idea how long it has. been since he had

sores or eruptions on his body of any kind, I have

';)).

noticecl.no active manifestations of his trouble at

all; I don't know how long J:le has been in this Insti-

tution. .Phillips goes to the window and throws the

clippers out; I go in there sometimes and find there

is no clipper and ask why that is, and they say that

Paul Phillips or some of the other patients took

them clown; it would be a good idea to take a chain

and put it there to prevent him from throwing _it

out and let it hang from the bucket; but the clippers

are never out any length of time, the patients go

clown and get them and return them, the clippers

are out only a few minutes, he notifies the attendant

that it is out and the attendant goes and brings it

back. I gave Phillips treatment while I was in

charge of him, he is a type that, regardless of all

treatment, will progress. I haven't had the com.:

plaint that patients sometimes clip their hands irr

547

meal-three times a day, and I am satisfied they do it, because in my rounds I don't :find anyone that they don't do it. This bill of fare is part for one patient and part for the others; they don't all get the same, just what is on that printed bill of fare, it is like I stated awhile ago. At the Twin Building, they usually have breakfast at eight o'clock in the morning; now at the Convalescent, they have their's a little earlier than that,-they don't have so many to cook for.
I am getting $40.00 a month now, salary, I live between here and Milledgeville, on the River Road, outside of the State property, I rent the house I live in from a widow lady. Including specials, there's about a hundred and eight attendants under me, and something in the neighborhood of a thousand and six or seven patients. I have never known any of the officials of the Institution here to use any of the teams or any other State property or buildings for their own private purposes; if I go to discharge an attendant, I have never had a suggestion from Dr. J onei'l to keep him longer because he owed Doctor Jones some house rent; none would be kept here because they owed Doctor Jones any house rent, or Mr. Hollinshead. Mr. Ezell that was put out of the service I think was living in one of Doctor Jones' houses ; in :iny Jine of duty I don't see any preference given to the attendants who are renters of Doctor Jones', I am in a place to know it if there was, I don't think he uses any partiality towards any of them at all.
The patients and attendants carry provisions out to the slop barrel in bucket fulls, after they get
28?

,,

- ,.,.-.

that time; he was sent to me with a diagnosis of

what is known as cerebral syphilis, that is, syphilis

Df the brain; .he had no active lesion at all. A.

man who suffers from cerebral syphilis-he had

been under treatment prior to the time he came to

me, as his brother stated, by the physicians at his

home town-a man in his condition, it would be im~

possible absolutely to contaminate anybody else

with syphilis. In his condition, just as a routine

matter, and to give. him the benefit of everything we

i

possibly could, I put him on anti-syphilitic treat-

ment and kept him on it quite a while, and as far

as any visible effect was concerned, you might as

well have poured the medicine in a rat hole; there

was absolutely no chance to infect any other patient,

he had no active syphilitic lesion whereby he could

contaminate anybody else-he would be as safe on

the ward as anybody else.

I have never received. a case .of -primary syphilis, I don't recollect to have received a case of primary syphilis since I have been in the Institution; if I had, I certainly would have observed every precaution as regards hygienic conditions that would be necessary in those cases; I have never heard of any of those cases of syphilis to be propagated among the other patients.

549 -.,

.,

-would tell me to do-for instance, they would tell

tf:ii;,

me to do some things and if I didn't do it fast enough

to suit them. I don't know as I ever informed Doctoi

Jones of it, because I was afraid of my attendant;

when I left the ward where Doctor Jones was Super-

intendent, I went to what was called the Convales-

cent, I believe, on the ward with Mr. Alex Hawkins;

at that time, I believe Doctor Swint was the physi-

cian in charge of that ward, and I remained in t~at

hall under the attention of Doctor Swint about three

years, as well as I remember; I was maltreated in

that ward very badly; as a general thing, it was my

attendants that maltreated me, but there's one' spe-

cial attendant especially maltreated me; Mr. Alex

Hawkins. was my head attengant on that ward and he

..: ,'

. treated ine very badly in some respects; he would

take me and lock me up in my room and him and

. some of his other attendants, second attendants,

would take me and put a towel around my neck and

choke me, sometimes cut me of two or three different

times, cut my breath off, just choking me until I was

unconscious; what I did to cause that maltreatment,

I was a little slow, sometimes, to obey them in some

of the things that they would ask me to do, or some

of them things that they would tell me to do; on that

same ha11 I was very badly treated at one time there,

one night, I reckon it was something close on to. ten

o 'clo'Cl~;

there

was

som. e

four /

or

five,

or

pr.obably

h. alf

a dozen men came in on me and they choked me

mighty bad,-they taken my own shoe and struck me

on my nose and broke it-'handled my nose very badly

and struck me on the head several times with the shoe

284

",.'':

because we pump only during the daylight hours,

from sun to sun, the night supply is taken from vur

yard_ st01;age, at the morn1ng our yard storage is

rather diminished; we only keep on a day force at

.the waterworks; a man sleeps there, but he doesn't

work at night; I wot1ld recommend either a larger

reservoir or a night force kept on, either one would

insure plenty of water on the grounds lrere to :fight

:fire with; we get that direct supply from the Under-

writers' pump in the yard here, that water comes

from our yard supply.; we have- a yard supply. of

about 250,000 gallons capacity, in undergrouncl cis-

terns, that acts as a reservoir; that reservoir is de-

pleted as the night service goes on, and we have in

the morning R: diminished supply of water on hand

for :fighting :fire, should it occur; the use of an in-

;:>.

creased reservoir is, in. case of :fire in the morning

or in the case of break-down on the line, where we

might have a leak on the line, or in case of some sud-

den emergency, we would have a very limited sup-

ply -of water with which to :fight a :fire, and if the

mains were to break, we would depend entirely on

what we have in the yard, which would be insufii-

cient; we would possibly exhaust that in an hour's

time; .I think the Institution needs a. larger reser-

voir,. a two million gallon reservoir; as to the cost,

I. made an estimate, I think about $15,000 covers

everything on that, I think that was my report-

about $15,000; at present, we are supplied with hose

and~ hyclr ants around in case of :fire; there is a. ten-

inch main that leads from this underwriters' pump

to every building and the hydrants are around each

551

done that, and gave me some dry ones, and he had that r"oom scoured up there by good day or before; before the Doctor came around it was all scoured out and cleaned up; it was in the room adjoining, where I was, while they were having that room scoured out, and he kept me in that room something close on to three months before he ever turned me out of there; Dr. Swint passed there ev.ery morning, and I urg~d him to come in to see me, that I wanted to see him and tell him something and he wouldn't pay no attention to me; I never had that nose treated, or the wounds on my head treated 'by any phys.ician; no one but me and my God while I was in there; and even when I got stronger, I tried to climb up over the door .to call to him to come and see me but he paid no attention to seeing me, and I went and reported it to him but he paid no attention to me at an; he hardly stayed long enough to hear what I told him-him in front and me coming on behind him; I told him that I had been very badly treated and he went on and he said something like I didn't know what I was talking about, and he didn't pay a great deal of attention to me at all-none whatsoever; after I stayed about three years at that place, at the Convalescent Building, I then went over to what was called the New Building further on, and occupied a hall or ward over there with Mr. Fleming Gillman, he was my head attendant over there, and he treated me very nice, excepting one time when I was choked over there, by one of his second attendants, I suppose, that was helping him; I was in what they called the portico, and they called to me to come and take
286

weighs four or five hundred pounds,-made of one solid piece of porcelain, and it is very expensive; I couldn't say off-hand what a porcelain lined ttib would cost, to replace all the tubs in the buildings, because a good many of the tubs wouldn't have to be renewed. In my opinion, the shower baths would not be better than the tubs.
As to what it is going to cost us for electric lights, wehave a contract for four cents and eighty-six onehundredths of a cent a kilowatt; we don't know just exactly how many kilowatts we are going to burn, you understand, kilowatt is the unit of measurement; we do not propose to put any arc lights on the outside, but a series of outside lighting-Tungsten series of outside lighting. They charge in Milledgeville for the current about thirteen cents, I think, and let us have it for about four and three-quarters; they let us have it so much cheaper than they sell it to the people in Milledgeville on account of the quantity, maybe; we use just 'One meter; it must be the quantity we use, so much more than they use in the city, that we get it so much cheaper; I think the price we are buying it at is cheaper than we could make it and furnish it if we had a plant here; that ]s a day and night current both, twenty-four hours, at all times of the night and at all times of the day as well, that we could have electric lights; I couldn't say off-hand what the power would cost to furnish the whole Institution with electric lights; I would be afraid to say, it would cost at least $25,000.
At this point the hearing adjourned, with the undersbnding, however, that, inasmuch as the man-
553

he was with him, the night-watchman-! know his

name but I disremember his name now-I did know

the night-watchman's name but he was with him, this

attendant, Farlandore, as well as I remember, was

'the. attendant's name, he was with the night-watch-

man when he came through that night, he was the

attendant that choked me on that ward; well, as I

was going to tell you, they unlocked my door that

night, about nine o'clock-the night-watchman's

duty was to go around through the halls, he goes

through the different wards, and that fellow, he

opened the door with an oath, and says "what in the

hell did you act like you did today for, Pool?'' I

says, "well I think you was to blame as well as my-

. ;

self, you. imposed on me without a cause, and I

.A~{;~

believe that gentleman there," the night-watchman,

''is a gentleman, I don't believe you are a gentle-

man ;'' I says, ''I don't believe you are, I believe you

are a damn rascal to do me like you done, and I says

I don't believe you could have choked me that time if

you had come at me by yourself;" "You say you

don't believe I can do it now,'' he says; I told him ''I

don't believe you could;" I was in there just in my

night clothes, and he came in and tried to do it then,

but I turned him over on his head that time, and I

was just :fixing to give it to him good with my .:fist,

but the night-watchman, he up and urged me not to

hit him, so I didn't hit him; and I says, "if you

wasn't drunk, I would give you a good whipping any-

way;'' I reported that occurrence to 'Dr. Swint, t11e

physician.

vVell, then he went on out then, and told the night-

288

I never knew of his being choked or mistreated in

'any way, I never mistreai eel him myself; I was on

U ward with him; I think it was in January or the

first of February that I was there; I never did strike

a man by the name of Harris, that had a plate on

his head, breaking. the plate on his skull, with keys ;

I never did have a man on my ward by that name,

that had a plate on his skull. As to the food, what

it is when the Committee is here, and what it is any other time, there is no difference. Pati~nts are

allowed to play cards on the wards. Dunnington

was just ill, crabbed, wanting to abuse the old man,

he didn't get along with anybody, the patients, at-

tendants or anybody else; I never saw him mis-,

treated by the attendants; my initials are H. E.; I

never had John Smith; a patient, in my charge; it's

... :

the other Fluery. I know Cleve Hadaway, he was

c4.-. '1'1

an attendant at the same time I was. Mr. Hada-

way and I helped lock Dunnington up one night, it

was before Christmas, last year; we helped Mr. Ivy

Harris lock him up; Mr. Harris is an attendant.

The reason we locked him up, at night, we always

lock up at nine o'clock and he propped his door open

with a little rag, balled up a little rag and propped

it open, said his door was going to stand open that

night; and in order to lock him up, I run in on him,

caught him around the waist, and Mr. Harris and

the other boys caught him, in case he would kick~ and

we taken him to the- sealed room to lock him up; we

didn't choke or beat Mr. Dunnington on that occa-

. sion, nor t~e him around the neck with suspenders

- or an,ythi?g of the kind, nor a towel. After I went

555

came here, it was done here at this place by maltreat~

mGnt, that's what it was," .I told him that rightthen;

it_ was about five years I stayed there with Dr. Jones

there, and I went from there over to ,the Conva-

le.scent and stayed about three years there, and it

was sometime during that time that they treated me

so- bad there, imposed on me there by maltreatment,

while I was on that hall there with that man, Mr.

Alex Hawkins; then I went from there over to the

other building, and stayed there until I came here;

I stayed there about three years, on that ward; mak-

ing very near eleven years that I stayed at the Sani-

tarium -altogether; I was afflicted with epilepsy-

. .

.

'

that's when I first went there; I went there for medi-

cal treatment; it had been three years, probably four

yea-rs, maybe, since I had a fit when I was discharged ~rom here; during that time I hadn't felt any symp-

toms of the return of mytrouble; I was. urging on

Dr. Swint to let me go home, that I thought that I

was perfectly well and able to go home and attend to

my own business; last May the 4th was when I left

theSanitarium; I haven't had any symptoms of the

return of. my trouble since I went home; they gave

me treatment for my trouble while I was here; l

dian 't take regular courses, just occasionally only

that. they would give me medicine; I have done manu~Uabor since l was released from the Sanitarium;

I picked close on to three thousand pounds of cotton

this season.

. : :YVhen I first' went there the diet was very good, they gave me better to eat than they did after I went over on to the hall with Mr. Hawkins and on up until

290

him up on that occasion; we didn't use any unneces-

sary force, and didn't injure Mr. Dunnington at all;

.j

didn't choke him, nor beat him, or do anything to him

that was unnecessary; just used such force only as

was necessary to accomplish the purpose. He was a

very violent man, very rough and hard to manage;

he was a man that didn't appreciate anything that

you did for him, and didn't pay any attention to the

rules at all. The patients are allowed to play cards

on the halls, for amusement. About the food, when

the Committee was here, Investigation Committees,

I don't see any difference in the food then and what

it is any other time. Dunnington never did stay on the

ward with me, but I learn that he had a good deal

of trouble with the other patients. That was on T

ward that I assisted in locking Mr. Dunnington up;

c1idn 't work on that ward; how came I on that ward

at that time, I was out in the big Toom seeing that

all of my patients was there, locking up time, ~nd I

heard the call on the ward, and his attendant came

and called for some help to lock him up; I don't

know whether that's the occasion when Mr. Dun-

nington claims that he was beat and choked and

tied around the neck with suspenders by Mr. Fluery

and Hadaway and Harris, I couldn't say about that,

those were the three attendants that locked him up,

and there was nothing done to Mr. Dunnington on

that occasion except what was absolutely necessary

in order to confine him; I have never had any com-

plaint from the other patients as to mistreatment of

them that I know of. T'he reason there was four of

us present was to avoid any hurtings on the part of

him or any attendant; he was a disposition-we knew

557

has it been since I had had a convulsion, I told him it had been a good long while since I had had -an attack.;. well, he says ''you might go to the preaching if you wish;" I hadn't been with him but a short time until he let me go to the preaching. Well, I stayed there a year or maybe a little longer; Dr. Swint then came over there from. that Convalescent, and after he came I had to go back to him to ask him if he. had any objection'to me going out to church, to preaching; wen, he still refused me going and I asked him if he had any objection to me going to the dances-they then had dances there, I Sl-h>p0se, at night; well, he was afraid for me to go, he was afraid I would run away or have a convulsion; well, I told him,. as for running away, it was something that I neve:rr thought of in my life, I didn't run there and 1 didn't intend to run away, I came there as a gentleman and I aimed to go away that way; well, he w0uldn't agree for me t~ go te preaching until.a long: time afterwards, and bye and bye, my attendant, Mr. Gillman, prevailed on him to let me go to preaching and to the dances, and bye and bye he agreed fo-r me. to go; during all that time I tried to behave myself always as well as I could, 'just as well as I kriowed how to ; I wasn't qum:relsome, didn't :fight among the inmates, or anything of the kind ;-I hadn't g;iven them any other reason or cause whaieveT to lock .me up in that blue room, as they called. it,, which is something like a cell that they have to .secuTe a patient in, they say when he gets unruly.
-
There was no way for me to see out eluTing all that three months I was con:fiuecl and kept in that
292

hours before he raised a difficulty with an epileptic, another patient, and I was compelled to lock him up-I _couldn't keep him off the patients, he would. follow a patient to his room, wanting to fight him, and: I locked him up two or three days and moved him to. the Hospital, then moved him back to T ward, and: on t_his occasion he tried to fight and raiged a good; deal of difficulty with the patients and the attendants also, and they moved him again down to 0 ward, and
. he stayed down there a few. days-I don't remember
just how long-and moved him back up on T ward,. and this time he behaved himself very nicely a i'ew days, but he gave us a good deal of tro11ble trying to fight the patients aud quarreling with the attendants, and v.ery ill and crabbed, and I believ-e him and 1 had one fight while he was up there-he was''trying to fight one of the patients and I tried to separate them and he jumped on me; I did not hurt him in any way; of course, I had to defend myS'elf, .you_ understand, but he hit me in the mouth, but that, was about all thelicks passed-I got hold of,him.and, held him until another attendant came there and.that; was all there was. to the fight; I never choked, him.. As to whether the food was any better while the Com-, mittee was here than it is at any other time, I didn'ti see' any difference, I am on night duty, you under-. stand, and I see very little of that kind of thing. .As to this trouble that Dunnington had with ,the other patients, one instance we had a patient that was right noisy-crazy-his mime was Mr. Harkness-he was~ in the portico and was trying to make Mr. Harkness hush, and Mr. Harkness wouldn't hush for him, and
559

vailed on them to come, tried to get them to come in to see me, and no Physician was in my room there during 1hat three months that I was confined in that wire-guard. My nose was not set by any Physician after being broken; that is the cause of it being crooked now, that injury that time; my nose was straight and sound when I went to the Sanitarium, nothing whatever the matter with it. After I got out I tried to explain it all to Doctor Swint, but he didn't take time to pay much attention to me at all, just went Tight on. When my nose was broken, immediately preceding it, I was in my room, just kinder humming; a little song, I was on my bed, and they told me to hush up and go to sleep, that was the night man, and I just kept on humming my song, and probably they come there the second time, and it was after I continued singing or humming ithat Mr. Hawkim; and his crowd came in and attacked me;
I didn't tell Doctor Jones about it, because i was
just simply afraid, they have told me heap of times that they would double the dose on ine, or probably take a broom-handle to me if I told it; Mr. Hawkins was one of the men that lias told me that; I didn't tell the Supervisor andl1ead man of that ward about it; I don't know the names of the attendants he brought in; it was in regard to the time that they came in on me, four or five other men-I SlTppose they were attendants that he had got; I don't know whether he was sober or drunk when he came in, it was at night. While I was there, I would run one of them rubs that they had, occasionally, I was required, forced to do it by the attendants-had to sweep, mop and scour occasionally. The food was
294

pose on the lighter and weaker patients, I have noticed that specially; when he got up against a man with equal strength with himself, he didn't show so much fight. I never did know that Mr. Harris choked or beat him-he did not this particular time that he assisted me with him.
SAMUEL CARTER, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I have been in this Sanitarium it will be two year~ the second day Of January next year; I knew Mr. R. E. Dunnington when he was on X hall; I had difficulty with him on X hall; the first starting of it was about a patient's meat, when I was waiting on the attendants' table on that side; he came up and tried to take a piece of meat off the attendants' table and I wouldn't let him do it, and he struck me on the side of the head-cussed me to a damn son of a bitch - I didn't do anything to him, this fellow Ward who was a patient from Savannah helped me, Ward had him down slapping him and he was down on the table hollering "don't let them kill me," and I wasn't nowhere about him-way down away from him. That was' the first starting of it, and the next of it was Mr. Simpson moved him up on X hall, and I wouldn't speak to him up on X hall tq keep from having any trouble with him; I was yet waiting on the attendants' table, and he was up stairs one night sick and Stansell was up there playing his harp, he ordered him to quit blowing his harp and Stansell told him
561
. '

the dances or not. The Physician came through and inspected those premises every day; a room that was locked, they wouldn't unlock those rooms and see who was in them, unless an attendant reported to him that there was someone in there sick; they trust the attendants to notify them if there is anybody sick in those rooms, and that was why my room was never unlocked during the three months I was confined in there, by any Physician; when I was there, Mr. Simpson was the Supervisor on my ward; the SupeTvisor would come through there occasiona1ly, he would come through every day, but it isn't often he asked me anything unless I reported it to. him. . I knew R. E. Dunnington; I stayed on the same ward with him at the SanitaTium, awhile; as far as ever I. lmowed anything about him, he was a very nice man; I suppose he had some little falling outs, he had fusses with the patients on the waTC1 with him, and with the attendants too; I don't know a man by the name of Hawkins, that was on the ward where Hawkins was an attendant-a patient who claim,ed to be a brother of this attendant Hawkins; it is not possible that I could have had that :fight, that time when ~ got my nose broke, w~th an inmate by the name of Hawkins and he broke my nose ini:\tead of the attendant Hawkins; it couldn't have been that way at all, because at that time of the night they were not allowed to be on the hall. They did open my door and come in and clean up my room, during those three months. I was locked up ; my rations was given to me through a blind door-a blind door that they had in there, just a hole in the door made large enough to poke a plate through or water or
29G
- ... .. .'.

ing- of the fuss. The fuss was about the patient's meat, first started about that, that he tried to g-et off of the attendants' table; the difficulty I had with him was about him using my mother's and sister's name; that difficulty, when he said I had a nail or something like that; oh, it was a little nail-I didn't aim to stick it in his face, he jerked it down in his face that way (indicating), he jerked my hand down in his face that way-I didn't aim to hurt him with it at a1l, he did it himself; it was a little nail that I had picked up off the ward, come out of a little box where they had busted a little box, I picked up three or four and throwed them out, little nails that g-ot scattered there, and I picked three or four up and throwed them out Of the window; I wasn't put up to :fight him hy the nurses, they never did tell me to :fight him, they tried to avoid it all right, none of the nurS'es egged me on, they seemed to be perfect gentlemen; he hauled off and hit me side of the head at the dinner table, about the patient's meat, trying to take the patient's meat off the attendants' table, he was on Mr. Chambers' hall, and I had ordered a piece of steak for him, and this fellow, this patient's steak, he tried to take that fellow's steak, and I told him "you can't take that off the table," he looked at me and says, "why can't I take it off the table~" I says, "that belongs to another table;" he says, "I'll show you whether I take it or not;" I says, "no sir, you won't," I says, "there's your's," and he says, "you are a damn son of a bitch," and he made for me, hit me, and I made for him to keep him from taking the patient's meat, and as I made for
5G3

forward; a heap of times some oid gentleman, or

probably someone that war;; weak-minded would run

in and maybe gra!b two or three, try to get two or

three biscuits to put in his pockets; I have seen the

attendants heap of times shove them back and knock

them down if he was too old or too feeble to go to

the dining room to dinner, they would send it to him

in his room. I have heard profanity in use among

the officers in charge there, many a time, towards

the patients; there was one S'econd attendant there

by the name of Dentist that I have heard cuss, and

even knocked a patient down there and'broke his leg,

and I have seen him take broom-handles and beat

them until they would hardly be a:ble to sit down

for a week afterwards; I' can't exactly recollect the

name of the patients now that he treated that way,

. . -1

it has been something like about a couple of years

i

ago, going on about two years; I saw him do that

more than once; as a general "thing, it's just an

every day occurence to hear attendants' curse pa-

tients, they don't do that in the presence of the Phy-

sician. To my opinion, there was a great deal of

drinking to excess among the attendants while I was

theie; it's been generally all along:, I think it was

just as bad when I left as when I entered there; I

never did see any of them down drunk, but I have

seen them, as you say, pretty funny, from liquor

drinking, under the influence of liquor so you could

notice it; I never saw any of those attendants under

the influence of liquor, in the presence of any of

the officers or Physicians of the Institution; as to

how they could do that~ and keep the Physicians

fl.om finding it out and;them coming througll there

298

know, that didn't have much strength to hurt him, if he was to hit him back-the very weakest man that he could find, something that he thought lle could knockdown-why he would take him, you Imow. Then there's Pope, he is an epileptic-he got mad because he wouldn't let him go in the clothing room when he taken a bath and take any kind of clothing that he wanted, he hauled away and struck him on the nose-he was on Mr. Hubbard's ward then and so was Pope-l don't know his full name-but ht) hit him on the nose and made it bleed a long time, just because he wouldn't let him go in there _and take any kind of clothing that he wanted, and he lmowed that was against the rules too~clothing was always given out. I didn't ever see any of the attendants mistreat him; the attendants don't force the patients to work; I take a square oath to you; a man feels the least bad and tells the attendant, he goes and sits down. As to whether I notice any difference between the food when the Committee is here and when they are not; no sir, I can't tell a S'peck of difference in one day's food and the other, and so far as the treatment is concerned, I think the attendants treats more than the general run of the patients too good; they think, the half of them, they are in a hotel and must have the best of grub and pipe their di~h up same as they were feeding a horse; some men, I don't think ever did get enough to eat, to tell you the truth ~I don't expect no favors at all, to be frank to you-some men I don't think could ever get :filled, as far as that goes~I get plenty to eat, such as the State gives me, and I expect them give me what the State gives' them, for -the Doctors can't take the
565

'-. ..

-.:.,

don ;t know anything at all, and don't 1mow any

more than a dead man until I r"evive; it aint pos-

sible that I had a fit and fell and broke my nose,
as a general thing, I could always tell when a fit

would come on me, by my feelings, the blood would

qi.1it circu[aiting 'PI' iomething, and I would jusit

become unconscious; heap of times, if I }+ad the .time,
I would stop and sit down, when I would feel a fit

coming on; I fell at times before I went down there;

I didn't fall while I was in this Sanitarium, that I

kl1ow .of. at all;. a person is liable to fall most any

way, he's liable to fall either frontwards or back-

wards, you can't tell which way he's g'oing to fall,

when he has a fit; I didn't always fall backwards, at

. , ..

times a person is liable to fall on his face, just as

liable to fall on his face as he is to fall on his back;

that's somethiing you can't tell nothing about at all..

As a general thing, the patients stand in fear and
of ~dread the attendants at t11e Sanitarium; afraid

to report any misconduct or mistreatment on their

part; the attendants I had trouble with were MT.

Hawkins, Farhindore and there was several others

that choked me that I disremember the names, some

second attendant, probably, would come in and stay

maybe two months or three, and they' would be discha~ged or go away-heap of times I wouldn't be-

come personally acquainted with them at all, they

was just always coming ai;J.d going; as a gene1al

thing, I was pretty badly mistreated when I first

went there; the latter part, a while before I went a~ay, my attendants generally treated me very well,

except ~hat one, Farlandore, that choked me. Four

or five attenclants treated me badly and about the

.300

him to ihe wire-guard and lock him up, and they are obliged to do that; that's all I ha:ve seen-I'll take a square oath with you.

F':RANK MILLER, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

I'm an atte:t;~-dant here; I was on the hall whe~e Mr. Dunnington was, while he was an inmate her~; I

saw him in difficulties on the ward, with Mr. Carter

and Mr. Pope, who were patients here; Mr. Dunning-

ton raised the disturbance; the first was when Mr..

Pope and Mr. Dunnington was bathing, one day, and

.. --:
'

Dunningt~n came out of the bath tub and asked Mr.

.Pope. to gi:ve him so;me clothing;. Mr. Pope turned'

around-I, don't know whether he u~derstood, him

or nqt, anyway, he didn't gi:ve them t() him, and he

curs~d him and grabbed him-tried to sho:ve him out of th~ way, and. they went together then, and had a

little scrap; they parted them and I had to lock _up

Mr. Dunnington;. . fVVlhen )VIr. Garter was ha:ving

the difficulty with Mr. Dunnington I stopped it; I

parted them and taken Mr. Carter off Mr. Dunning-

ton, got between them and taken Mr. Dunnington-

told J\IIr: Carter to go ahead, and. he went: up to his

room, and I taken Mr. Dunnington. around to the

basin and washed tlie blood off his face, wher:e JYir: Carter ~ut him with a nail. When Mr. Dunnington

was in these fights, the only times I seen him, he was

in fault in the. fights-; he was hard. to get along with;

they didn't get along all right with h1m; couldn't ge't

567

I have seen Doctor Whitaker, but I am not personally acquainted with him; he didn't go through and ;make inspection of the patients or the treatment that they were receiving, on our department, the male department, he was the female doctor. In so~e respects, Mr. Sam Simpson does very well and in Qthers he don't do so well; he seems to be a littl,e in.different, in Home respects; I can tell you how Mr. Sam treated me; I would have some money sent to me occasionally, to buy something to eat, and as !1 general thing, the money was sent heap of times~ it would be just sent to me in just an open letter, you know, and aheap of times it would be sent m~, my attendants would get the letter, probttblT take t"Q.e letter break it open, take the money out and burn tp.e letter up or throw it away, and I would never receive the money at all ; how I know they ,would do that; heap of times I have had them to pring the letters to me after they had broke them open, and I would read that my folks at home sent foe some ~oney to buy me something to eat and I :.didn't receive it, arid then heap of times I would _get the mon.ey and they wouldn't allow me to keep it'; ~li~m I, would get it they would say that I wasn;t competent to keep it, that it would be the best to turn .it over to Mr. Simpson; as a general thing, it was my attendant that said that, and besides the at"ten:dant, Doctor Swint, for one, said I wasn't eompete:rit to handle it, that it would be best to give 'it :ove1.' to Mr. Simpson to keep; Mr.. Simpson would 'take that money and keep it and he would let me
have. it at times-he would. have something like a
-li'ttlecommissary or something of .the kind, that he
302

to go take it away from him. Mr. Hubbard was on

the ward at that time, but not present at this diffi-

C)llty. As to whether I think all these patients under

me get such foods as they ought to have, or such

fo9d as they really need; it's hard for me to say, I

,have he~rd some of them complain over there in the

Twin Building, especially-they complain over there

,a good deal of their food, they complain that they

don't have enough, and it isn't good; it seems to

me like-I know I stayed over there a couple of

years on that building, and it seemed like they al-

ways had plenty of food while they were complain-

ing; all of them get about the same amount of food

unless' one is under the special care of the Physician;

I never did see an attendant mistre11t a patient. J:!-,or

.. ;.-;i

breakfast they have,_ generally, grits and hash, that's

?l

put in a plate together, and then they give them bis-

:
i'

_.~:-~~

l

cuit, one biscuit and one light roll and coffee, that's

about the general breakfast in the Twin Building

every morning., we never did have much bacon over

there in that Building, while over here in the Con-

valescent Building, we have bacon sometimes in place

of hash; I think they have plenty in quantity. F'or

dinner we have generally, vegetables in sea~on,

which is most all the year here, Irish potatoes and

beef, such as that-always have vegetables during the

season and corn bread; we have sweet potatoes

and rice for dinner if we don't have vege-

tables-didn't always have sweet potatoes, have

rice, we have soup, I think we have enough

for a reasonable man, it looks to me like;

_we have biscuit for dinner too, in addition to what

I have already stated. For supper we have biscuit,

569

::.

instance that I have related; he would bring me

things sometimes when I asked him to, from town,

in Milledgeville, up here, you know, but I don't re-

member getting from any other building out there

except in that dining room department that Mr. John

Bloodworth attended to while I was out there; I

':i

know Mr. Simpson had a place that he kept, located

I

about o:r in the dining room, because I. seen it, ancl

seen him get the things out; I have went there J;ny-

self and bought them from him or Mr. John Blood-

. worth, that he had in there to attend to it for him;.

Mr. John Bloodworth used to look after it for :Q.im ;.

Mr. John Bloodworth has got charge of the cooking.

department, and also,. he sees to the dining room.

..' . .
:;'.

I would pay for ,a box of oyster~ out there when I bought. them, a. dime, prO'bably :fifteen cents. In m:y -

opinion, it's something close on to abou.t$10.00 that

1 traded out at that store; I saw other patients buy

from him, and also heard them make complaint about

i't, that they didn't get the real worth and thought

that he was trying probably to beat them ou.t of some-

thing;-that they didn't get the full worth of what

the',)r paid for; I don't know whether or not he is on

the pay roll of the Institution 0ver there; I suppose

he kept those goods out there to mak:e'' a profit out

of, and as a matter of convenience to the patients at

the Sanitarium, so that they could get such things

whenever they wanted them; all the time during the

three years that I was here, and I suppose, after I

left, too, he kept that commissary in,the dining. room.

I had some money sent to me from home once, to

buy me something that I wished to eat or f;lpmething,

an.d there was an attendant that stayed on the ward

304.

I

the 4th of January last, and he was moved down. there for fighting, I suppose, off of X ward, and the next~p:torning he had a fight coming to the dining. room with Mr. Carter, another patient-knocked him in the head with a piece of iron, foot of an iron fender-a wire fender, that went over the register; Mr. Dunnington was inclined to raise difficulties himself, and raised them himself, he was hard to get along with, while he was' with me; I had occasion to have to lock him up, confine him, but I diclrr't ever have to use any undue force with ;him, or injure him in any way at all, he never resisted me either time-I locked him up twice, while I had him; I never choked . him while I was in charge of him, nor beat nor clucked him, nor saw him clucked. I don't compel my patients to work, none of them have ever been beat because they would not work. The food is generally. about the same when -the Committee is here and when they are not here, I don't see any difference at all in it; I think it is prepared about as well as it could be expected, considering the quantity it is cooked in- cooking in large quantities, you know, and sometimes it is not really as' good as .it would be if it wasn't prepared in such large quantities, but as a general thing, it is pretty fair; they all seem to get enough, such as it is.
I am an attendant; I think these patients get as much food as they need, there's a good deal of complaint about it, but I suppose it's gEmerally pretty much one diet all along, and a fellow gets wore out on it sometimes; the attendantg liv~ on the same food that the patients do; altogether, but sometimes, when .
571

never known any of the white patients to .be requ-lred. or even permitted to wash the clothes of the colored la!borers around there; I have known the colored ones to do the washing for the whites, though. .While I was up in that room with that injury, I didn't make any effort to communicate that to my people; I can write a little bit, but I didn't have no Dpj>Ortunity; I didn't think it would be necessary 'to do it, while I waS' then locked up; I mean it wouldn't be worth while; the patients have got no oppo1:tunity at all of communicating with the outside world of their mistreatments. I and Dunnington were pretty_ good friends; from the acquaintance that I had with R. E. Dunnington, he was a very nice man; I have read his charges against the Sanitarium, and I stayed on the ward with him quite a while; I suppose the' other patients had the experiences that I and Mr. Dunnington had with the attendants there; I don't remember the name of the man that had his. leg broken; that has been something like a couple of years ago; I don't know what became of this at-
tendant, Den.tist, but to the best of my opinion, 'I
think he quit and went off somewhere else; he was not discharged for: breaking this man's leg, that .I l{now of; none of those other attendants were dis- charged for the treatment giVen me, but I have seen them discharged for the treatme:Qt of_9thers., tho~~l~.
That commissary was just a small place in there, that Mr. SimpS'on kept something in to sell, :stuff like caimed goods of one. kind ~mel another, and. soda water, coca-cola and if the patients wanted to 'buy
somethingf:rom him, why he sold. it to him; you know.~
306

l'; .
any name that sounded like Willett or Willis, there isn't a Willis here now, tl~at I know of, don't know anything about choking Tom Willis or vVillett either.

DOCTOR R. C. SvVINT, Recalled, in Rebuttal, testified :

I had Mr. Dunnington under my care, as Assist-

ant Physician, for sometime; he was very irritable

and turbulent-:-always getting into :fights and making

accusations against the attendants here; the mere

fact of the number of wards that Mr. Dunnington

was :moved on during the time he was in the Insti-

tution, speaks for his character; patients after they

are admitted to the Sanitarium and classified, are

hardly ever transferred from one ward to another

unless there is some special reason, and sometimes

they may stay here for years with only one or two

moves; now, Mr. Dunnington, after he was trans-

ferred from the Reception Ward, was put on ward

W, and he had a fight, and was so very much wrought

up the next morning, so he complained so, that he

didn't like thE) attendants and the patients on that

ward, I had him moved, had him put on the bottom

floor, and he stayed down there a short while c~n

tented, but it wasn't many days before he had a

fight with an attendant down there-I mean with a

patient, and bit off t~e end of one of the patient's

., ; I

fingers. This patient, at the time, was just getting over a~ r!ttack of paralysis and was practically help-

:.:'!.

513

'1

around there, on each side of me; I suppose there was the biggest sort of noise and furore going oil: in there; everybody on the ward didn't know what was going on in there; T don't suppose anyone knew what was going on in there, except them that was imposing. on me; them that imposed on rrie, ar'ter I became alive again, I heard theni whispering out there; it rsn't afact that I broke the attendant's nOS@ that Right, that I know of; I didn't see him immediately afte!wards with his nose all bound up_; I struc-k somebody with the shoe; I '-don't know whether it was tliis attendant that I struck with that shoe; lie didn't come in there and find me on the bed mid try to 'rouse me and tell me to get up,. and I struck him . with the shoe, that isn't true; I had done retired, had taken off my clothes and put them in the hall, and I happened to keep my shoes in there:_it wasn't exactly customary for them to keep any of 'their elothirig in there at night, bu~ I put out a part of my clothing and left my shoes in there, and when these half dozen men came 'in there, there was about two of the'm that grabbed me and went to choking me, and whenever they went to choking me I picked :up my shoe and struck at one of them, and I don't know whether I hit him-don't even know who it was; whenever they went to choking me, of course, I j.ust grabbed the shoe and struck at them and tried to defend myself with it against them; the shoe was in my bed, was under the bed, and it was right low, .you know, the bed was rigllt. down low where I
could just reach down arid grab it without any trou-
ble, and so I didn't have far to reach after it, you know; I dicln 't,have to get down to get it; they were
;;08 ..,
,:

vestig-ated it; and so I transferred him from' there
to X, and he had the difficulty with Carter and Pope

6n X, -as has already been related, so I had to move

him from there to U ward, and he was on that ward

two or three weeks-I don't remember exactly now '

how long, before he was transferred to the Convales-

cent Building and went home. Now, I remember

very distinctly about Mr. Dunnington telLing ine

about breaking- his finger ; I notice that he testified

before the Committee that he got a broken finger and

.

.

his finger was neglected. He called my attenton to

his finger-I think he got in a fight or probably

struck one of the patients or attendants, one, with

hfs fist and he told me his finger was. broken, I ex-

pimned hs finger and his finger was cr'ooked, but no

E:)vidence of any fractuie of arry of the bones of the :finger, no evidence of any infla~mation, the finger

wasn't swollen particularly, it appeared not to be

infl'amed in any way at all, there was no evidence

of any recent trauma, but I remember his calling-

my attention to it, but it looked more like a base-

hall finger I never noticecl it before, but I was cer-

tain it wasii't a recent injury, didn't demand 'any

treatment, if 'it had, I would have givEm it to him-

itwould have been useless to put that finger in a ~piint. .The entire time that he was in the Institu-
tion he was complaining and ge~ting into fights-

the fiwt is, he was the worst patient I believe I ever

saw, and his conduct-he was just one of th9se pa-

t~ents that wanted to nave his say about everything

and domineering; his conduct outside was of the same

character M it was on the inside, except he was

worse; I always paid attention to his complaints

. '

575

course; I complained about it to my attendants; I :ne. ver called the attenti.on of Doctor Swint to that
state of affairs; I just thought it was the attendants' duties to give me what I needed and what I deserved, and if I reported it, I thought they would get mad at me and make i~ just that much harder on me; I was under fear that some injury would be inflicted upon me if I reported to the Doctor such things as that, and that restrained me from making complaint to the Physician on the ward; while I was in that room, at times I did suffer for water; they refused to give me water when I asked them for it. About the diet while I was in there, they furnished me about the same, a little grub at each meal. The m.an that took the money from me, Mr. Garner, was there at the time that I stayed on the hall with Mr. Alex Hawkins, at the Convalescent, probfrbly four years ago, maybe not quite so long, maybe a little bit longer, I don't know exactly how long it has been ago; something like that, though; it aint been no seven years ago at al1. since Garner was there; we were in the building that the. darkeys now occupy. I liave been home three times in all; when I came baclr-. 1 hadn't been here but about a couple of months, my father came with me down here, and I stayed a couple of months, and decided that I was well enough to go home, I commenced improving some and wrot'e to my father that I wanted to come home, and he 'ca:i:ne down to the Sanitarium after :i:ne and I went back on home with him and I staye'd at home there awhile and I commenced getting some worse and dec1ded that I had better come back. I came back here to take medical treatment; but it was mighty little
310

'"'"~l \

out a single exception-of course) there will be a

few patients' plates that will be cleaned out, a good

marry that way, but the rule is-I know I do in my

service-I tell the Supervisor to see to it that one

attendant from every ward over there, in those con-

gregate dining rooms, go down and see that the food

[

is properly put out to the different patients.' plates,

\

and s'ee that every man gets plenty to eat and to

study their patients, because some will eat more than

others, and see which patient is a bigger eater than

the other, and see that the food is divided accord-

ingly, and if they can't get the food by going back

to the kitchen or appealing to the dining room man,

to always report the matter to me.

As. to complaint being made about attendants be-

ing kept on the w:ard after they had been discovered

maltreating patients, neglecting their duties and so

forth; I have never known one retained in the ser-

vice after there has been proof brought against them

of that kind, and I have always understood it has

been the policy of the management to discharge a

man whenever any such evidence was found against

hi:m, the Superintendent has told me generally, ''if

you had any man1mder you that wasn't satisfactory,

to get rid of him,'' he has never forced me to keep
"'\.
a m[m t,here simply because he had him renting a

ho1.1se from him, he wouldn't allow that to come into

consideration at all. I know nothing in regard to a

little stock of goods that Simpson kept there; I know

that he kept'a little, but I have never seen it, and

know the value of it or the quantity of stock he has,

only through hearsay, not of my own knowledge;

':.l

: .: .~

577

19-inv

... .I
i
I.
.. II

right smrurt exercise since I. went home; I didn't state to the Committee that I was forced to work against my own will; I was willing to do anything like that.. W~en I came back those two times,. it was of my own accord and my folks-; I just came back because I thought I would get benefited, and my folks did too; my folks were fully conver~a.nt with the treatment I had had, and they knowing it and me knowing it,. I then came back twice, but even when I went back the second time I hadn't been severely treated like I had been afterwards. I haven't been home and returned to the Sanitarium here since the time that my nose was-injured and skull broken. I know it was my keeper that came in there that night, because no one else had the right to come in there and impose on me; I don't mean that the keepers have got the right to impose on me; I know about them ducking this man Dunnington; I saw them when they duc)re.d him; they taken him and took him to the ~ath room and put him under the water in the bath tub and kept him there a goodlo_ng time; I don't think he became unc:onscious; they give
him that ducking, 'as far as r know anything about
that, probably for some of his-well, hecause he wouldn't yield to everything that they would say so 'quick;. that was on the l_ast ward I stayed on;. it's R, I believe; it was the attendants that was there that did that ducking. I don't know as I can definitely tell the names, you see they came in so.fast, and they d0n 't stay so long, you know, heap of times I
_ Wmlc1n 't get acquainted with them,. they would. come
in and go right out, those attendants-! wasn't very well acquainted. with them, noway, that did
312

r
(
' '
DOCTOR Y. H. YARBROUGH, Recalled, in Rebuttal, testified:
My position here is Assistant Physician; I have been connected with the Institution a_bout three years.
I know one Charles' vV. Vickers, a patient here. His
mental condition is such that at times'he is depressed and at others he is exalted; while he is in this exalted state, his ~onduct at that time is very bad. He is constantly teasing the patients, aggravating them in
a many ways, and it would be almost daily occurrence
for patients to come up to me and complain to me about s'omething Mr. Vickers had been doingto them. He has been in several fights; on one occasion, he fought a man who had never been known to mistreat anybody, and his conduct was always good; he fought this man twice, and his conduct became such towards this man that one of the two had to be moved off this ward; and as _this man was all right, and after having investigated th~se matters and found Mr. VickerS' was the cause of all of it, why we had him moved; this man told me that his conduct was sueh towards him that if I didn't-move him he would kill him, and he was such a man that could do it, and I thought he would do it, and he stated to me positively that he would kill him if he wasn't moved off of the ward. He was depressed, at times, as I say, and at others times he was exalted. During these timeS', these periods when he was depressed, there are tiines that he refuses to speak to me at all, and prefers the seclusion of his room-doesn't care to be with others; but when he gets exalted, he comes' out and is just the reverse-constantly picking on the pa-
579

he got the least bit off, he was right smart of a scrapper, sometimes, and those was the times that he would be locked up, sometimes, still, they were to blame for getting him into that :fit; the attendants nag and tease the patients and make fun of them right smart; I didn't ever hear them nagging at and teasing this man Dunnington, but I know of it. I think the head man takes the tobacco around and gives it to the attendants and they distribute it to each of the patients, and sometimes the attendants have favorites about whom they give it to. Mr. Dunnington and I were on the same ward together, about a couple of months, probably longer than that-that was the R ward; Mr. Dunnington made complaint to me about these attendants throwing him into a room and bruising his arms; that was while I was on that R ward, and I think, :Showed me some of the
bruises on it, it wasn't very severe, I don't think,
just kinder scratched; I don't remember on what portion of his arms; probably on the wrist; I saw evidences of Mr. Dunnington's having been choked, in the way of scratches or bruises around his throat, kinder like :finger prints. It waS' a practice here to choke people with a towel; when they use a towel, it ain't because the man's cursing and fighting and using vile language, and they just put the towel over his mouth until they can get him to his room; when they put the towel around you, they wrap it around your neck and twist it, and if you fall, why they pick you up and take you on to your room, and when they get you there, why they locks you up, and after you get to the room, heap of times, they get help and choke you just as much as they want to; they did
314

that he couldn't be .expected always to tell the huth.
As to the charges made by Mr. W. H. Stallings, as to

my not treating Mr. Phillips', one of my patients over there in the Convalecent Building; Mr~ Phil-

lip's condition is such that it is beyond any medical

power, that's all-for no good; he has been treated-

he had a history of syphilis and this condition

has been treated, I treated it, the Physician pre'-

mceednint gitsmelef

treated it, is c,oncerned,

but you

so far might as

as the treatwell give. him

nothing; the disease hasn't been neglected; his broth-

ers' have been here and have been perfectly pleased

with his treatment-he thought it was all right. I

don't know anything about Mr. Stallings' jewelry,

his memory is very bad--he had a watch that was

sent to. Mr. Dixon Williams, to be repaired and it was

in there during the investigation, and he didn't know

where it was, but it was there, and his watch has

been returned to him; he is very much demented,

can't remelr!:ber well at all, and his dementia grows.

As to Captain J o'hn A. Gee, well, he is a man that is

utterly unreliable-anything that he mig<ht say, he

has many delusions; his delusions are transient, some

of them are he can see-sit out in the front yard and

see from the front of his head, anything that is going

on around, miles and miles awa:y, and he has a gooc1

many delusions about his former dealings with wo-

men; I wouldn't consider any evidence that he would

give, as absolutely reliable. I testified fully before

the Committee, two orr three weeks ago, in reference

to the water on the hall. As to Captain G'ee 's per-

sonal habits, his dress- and so on, just to give you

581
:.J

... .

necessity or for punishment; when they get through bathing they give them their clean clothes, you know; they take the clothing off of them when they bathe them; they have to strip. When they had Dunnington in the tub,. :first I seen of him they had done taken off his clothes and he was in the tub then--first I seen of him; he had no clothes on him when he was in the tub. Fleming Gillman was a friend of mine, he is an honest fellow, as far as' I lmowed, he was all right as far as I am concerned, I think he's a very :fine man, Mr. Gillman is; and. what he .would say is entitled to respect; entitled to 'be believed.

-'-'HO:MAS POOL, Sworn, testified as follows:

I live in Paulding county, Georgia, the Mr. Pool

who has just testified before the Coinmittee here on

the witness stand, a few minutes ago, is a brother of

mine; he lives with me. I remember the time my

brother was :first sent to this "Sanitarium; his face

was smooth and all right; his nose wasn't broken be-

fm:e he went to the Georgia State Sanitarium; his

nose was an. right; he last came home in May, some-

time; hiS' mental condition since ~he came hom: in

May, has been the best kind-good, and he does

physical lab~r all right, now; since he came home

he has b.een picking cotton, cutting wood and helping

I

me; he doesn't show any symptoms of in~anity now,

si.nce he has left the I:n.stitution that I can see, I don't

:[

know of any, he's perfectly rational; he was rational
316

. '

J. J. SULLIVAN, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

My position here is chef; as chef, my duties ,are

in charge of the food supplies in the different }{itch-

ens and to see that the service and cooking is satis-

factorily carried out. I was not a witness before -the

Committee, when tbe Committee was here two or

three weeks ago, .I consider that the patients have a

\.

sufficient quantity of food; it is prepared all ;right; we

hav-e got good cooks, competent men, in each of .the

kitchens, who are well paid, and they ought to be

good cooks; and I see the cooking done myself, I

make a visit to each kitchen there once or twioe a

day-inveS'tJigate the way the cooking is done, how it

is prepared, and if they need any instructions, why

_.:/

I giv-e it to them. I consider the cooking very well

'.J. ,

done, considering the amount that they have to cook.

I

As to the charge made here by some of the patients

tha:t there was more food giv,en to them while the

Committee was here than at other times-at times

when the Committee was' not .here, that isn't so, they

had the very same, there was no difference at all

in the food that they had while the Committee was

here and what they have at times when the Com-

mittee isn't here, the food, during the I:nyestigat~on,

was the same in quantity and quality, and in every

other way, as it was at other times. I had em-

ployment as chef, for the past five years before com-

ling here, with the New York State Hospital for the

Insane, in New York City; before that I was in hotels

and restaurants', sir-before .I was employed at the

New York State Hospital for the Insane; I have

been in other institutions of the sort besides the

583

that he had received at the Sanitarium; he didn't say anything about it; I suppose it has been something like about eight years ago that he came back here the last time; his nose was all right then; my mother and brother came down here, I reckon it was in April this year, and as soon as he got back, my brother told us about his nose being broken; that's the :first intimation my family had about it, he never did write about it; while he was here, he wrote about once a month, sometimes it would be maybe, two months before we would get a letter from him. He hasn't had no trouble at all with anybody since he. went home; I have seen him have those cDnvulsions many a time, when he has them, he just goes right down; he is not a fussy man, inclined to have quarrels with folks, he never had any fusses at home before he came to the Sanitarium; no trouble to get along with him at all, just as easy as can be. I conside:red him dangerous to be at home when he had those spells; I considered him dangerous to be around the home when he left home, without somebody to watch him, and I was forced to bring him back here on account of his dangerous condition; we didn't have anybody to help us watch him; I considered him dangerous because he didn 1t know what he was doing-demented; he didn't come back of his own accord, we sent him back; the last time.
31S

'i
,] . P. :SYKES, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

The 19th day of tllis month will make eleven

years I have been connected with the Georgia State

Sanitarium; my duties are now, out in the yard, take

them out in the enclosed wall for recreation. I know

a patient by the name of B. G. Camp; he is a kinder

religious case, and he thinks that the Almighty tells

him to do this, that and the other, you know, and

he talhi on that subject very much; I have heard him

say that he was a Prophet fr~m the High Powers.

I know about his getting into a ~ght over there with

John Smith; I didn't see 'the beginning of it, I saw it

in a few seconds after it started, though, but I didn't

see the very start of it; I think Mr. Smith was some-

. .j
,.~

what to blame for that; I dop.'t know of Mr. Camp

being injured during that :fight in any way; I didn't

hurt him in any way; I didn't put rrry hands on him

at all, didn't touch him; the part I took in the diffi-

culty, I pulled Mr. J olm Smith off of Mr. Camp.

During the time 1 was holding Mr. Smith to keep

him from hitting him any more, he ran up and tried

to Irick Mr. Smith in his abdomen, and by that time

Mr. Hardon came up and caught hold of Mr. Camp

and put him back in the ward; that ended the :f!ght

right tJhere; I don't know anything about anybody

ever mistreating Mr. Camp; I don't know of any

mistreatment at all, towards any of the patients in

this Institution by any of the attendants, sometimes

they have to use force, you know, to separate them,

but they don't wilfully fight them and tease them;

- I don't know of any mischief wilfully done by the

attendants to the patients; if there was any mistreat-

' 535

..~

a :fine of $5.00 or lose my job; so I told him that I

couldn't stand a :fine because I didn't think it was

right and just to do that, I would rather lose the

job than to pay it.



During my last :stay there of about a month, as an attendant, I never saw any patient mistreated, nor the attendants putting towels around their necks and choking them; Dr.. Swint was the Physician on my ward when I stayed there the last time. Dr. Swint came around to see the patients once a day, between ten and eleven o'clock in the morning; after he came around between ten and eleven o'clock in l:he morning, he wouldn't come back no more that day without he had a special call over there; it wouldn't take him very long to go through the wards, without he had a good deal of prescriptions to give for medicines; something like :five or ten minutes, just about that long, in each ward. He had two fioQrs-eight wards, and it wouid' require about :fifty minutes for him to go through them all; I couldn't tell what he would be doing after that duri~g the next twenty-four hours; I didn't see him any more after he made his regular visit in the morning, without he had a special call there for some patient or other, which isn't so very often, sometimes probably in two months, and maybe longer than .that. I spent five months there, lacking a few days, the :first time, and no Doctor was called into my ward on a special call dur~ng that time; taking~ it altogether, I couldn't tell how many days it would amount to, or hours that the Doctor stayed in there during my :five months' stay there as an attendant; I couldn't draw no idea

320

I.

before the Committee' three weeks ago, I didn't tell

him that I would drown him or do anything to him

or injure him in any way if he teS'ti:fied against me,

I didn't curse him, nor call him a liar, nor whore-

monger; I never did mistreat him in any wa;y what-

ever, and have never seen h~m mistreated by any

other attendant. Mr. Camp has delusions, some of

\

.which are he believes he is a Prophet-call~ himself

I

, Elijah, cmd believes that he can tell a door to coine

I

open and it will come open; he says he has done that;

he broke out over there the other week, and he says

the Lord opened the door for him-said the door

was locked and the Lord opened it. I do no.t consider

him a very reliable man in what he. says; I have

heard l1im speak abol1t how he was treated at home

before he came here; he said he was very badly

treated at home, that his people beat him around,

when they taken him up-they taken him up several

times and put him in jail, and he said they treated

him at home worse than they did down here.

L. P . .JOHNSON, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

I came to the Sanitarium as an employee along

in 1901, 8th .of March, and have been an attendant

most of that time, since the 8th of March, 1901. I

do not know Mr. B. G. Camp; I had never seen him

. i

until this Committee W.f1S here, to know him; I didn't

know him while he was in the Green.Building, seven

or eight years ago ; I don't know anything about his

587

tients according to directions. I never saw there, a man who had studied medicine, nor a professional nurse, as an attendant; I was just a common laborer; the first time that I worked there I got $16.65 a month, at that time my home was in Baldwin county, out near Stevens' Pottery, just a little way from here; I stayed there in the hall at night. Each ward had its own dining table, and the food was placed on that table and the inmates called in to their meals; old and infirm men would get as much to eat as the stouter ones; it. was all issued to them on plates, and the same quantity would be put on all the plates for each one; those that weren't able to go in there and scramble and take it, what w:as there for them, was carried to the hall for them, and they got it on 'the .halls that I stayed on, while I was there, the old and infirm ones got plenty to eat, as well as the rest of them that could get aibout all right, I don't think there was any special attention paid that class
that t ever noticed, if there was I never knowed of
it; after all these patients got seated at the table, we went to a separate table and went to !'lating, right opposite them, they all eat about the same time; there .was a good many of them complained about not getting enough, and they claimed thEJ.t what they did have, that they couldn't eat it, because it wasn't prepared properly for them as to whether the quantity was sufficient, in my opinion, to satisfy the hunger of these people; well, it just lays kinder between the appetite that a man has; sometime~ a man thinks he can eat a lot1 but I should think, myself, that it wasn'~ enough, that they ought to have had more, and ano.ther thing, it wasn't prepared like it ought
322

ventilator in his room-had taken the side off of his spring and trying to knock out the brick in order to get out, and Mr. Daniel heard him and called me--"--it wasduring the night about one o'clock, I think, and we went down there and as soon as I opened the door, why, he struck at me w:i:th that piece of wood-a good big piece of wood, about four feet long, I think; about two by four, or nearly so, off of the side of the spring; that was a dangerous weapon; he missed me -I don't know how he missed me with it, though, and I :finally got it away from him, and we locked him up in ..a screened room; we left his night clO'thes on him, just as he was, and gave him cover, as we usually did, and locked him up then; I did not curse him during the time we had the :fight with him; I never have cursed a patient in my whole life, I curse very little, don't use no bad language at all; nobody else abused Mr. Camp on that occasion, and I don't know of his having ever been abused on any occasion. I have been on the ward with C1 aptain Gee; I stayed on the s:i:ck ward-second ward, it was-for about four months with him; Mr. Jim Ross was the head nurse on that ward; I never did know of Captain Gee being mistreated while he was on that ward; Mr. Ross was always very kind to his patients, just as
kind as could be. Captain Gee_ dicln '-t seem to have
much mind then, only just at times, he talked pretty freely; but he had delusions; I wouldn't consider what he said reliable; I don't know anything about a gold-headed walking cane, or a gold ring that he had, I never heard of him having one.
580

a couple of inches long and an inch and a half or

two inches wide; boiled beef; they don't ever have

any beef gravy that I know of; sometimes they have

butter at suppe1' time, they don't have it all the

time; they didn't ever have any butter ;milk that I

have ever seen ; they had sweet milk; didn't all of

them have it regular, some of them, though, has it

regular, twice a day; feeble patients got sweet milk

every day, twice a day regularly; the attendants had

sweet milk every day, twice a day, whenever they had

it; it was there on the table.

.

.

.

For supper, the atten_dants. had,light bread. and

syrup; those patients for supper would have just ~

slice cut off of a loaf of light bread; they w~mld

"have nothing but light ?rea~ and syrup and milk;

those that didn't get milk didn '~ have riC?thing b~t

light bread and syrup and a little butter; they didn't have coffee for supper, they cirank water if t~~ey

drank anything.

The doctors didn't require me to give. written reports of the condition of the patients, nothing mo1:e than the reports that was already made out;
if an epileptic had a fit during the night, or a spasm~
I wasn't required to report that next morning to the Physician in charge; I didn't report it when they would have fits; no attention was paid to a man aftei having a fit; as to how many fits I know of a man having during the day or night in iny ward, one patient; well, I don't know; I don't remember ever counting them; I have seen them, though, having as many as twenty, to my notice, and nobody took any notice of it at all; no report was made about it to the

32-t

minutes, Dr. Hunt come in there on his rounds, and he reported it also to Dr. 1-Jnnt, and Dr. Hunt taken him up to the window and examined his throat and told him that he didn't think he had been choked; he.wasn't liurt in that difficulty at all-that struggle; I did not put my hands about his throat at all; I did not have any trouble quieting him, subduing him on that occasion; after Mr. Simpson came in arrcl told me not to lock him up if he would agree to behave himse'lf, he shook hands with me ariel asked my a-pologies for trying to hit me with the chair; Dr. Hunt came in soon afterwards and he repeated that charge to him against me, that I choked him going clown the hall with him. I don't know whether Willett is here in the Building.
J. S. SHURLEY, Sworn in Re'buttal, testified:
I am employed at the Georgia State Sanitarium as a nurse on L hall rut the Twin Building. I was never on B ward, while Mr. O'Byrne was on there; I haven't been on any hall with him at all; Mr. O'Byrne says I cursed him and kicked him~I didn,.t do it. There is no other Shurley here but me that I know of; he says I cursed him and kicked him, both; that's all f a:Ise report; he 'says I kicked him. thirty <times; I clidn 't kick him at all, no time; I know him; he stayed on V hall, I was on B, he was on V, right over us; he wasn't OlJ. B while I was' there; he was moved before I went to B, Mr. Harrison was on B
591

at all there; I am not induced to- tell these facts about the treatment of the patients and that food by reason of any ill-will towards the Institution, because I propose to tell the truth about the thing; you gentlemen asked me for it and that's what I propose to tell you; that's what I swore to tell and I certainly have.
I was discharged from the Institution the last of July, 1909; during my service there, at the Sanitarium, I never saw a patient choked by an attendant, nor struck nor maltreated in any way; I was never told by any of them that any of the attendants had mistreated them in any way; I never saw any evidence on any of the patients of maltreatment, in the nature of bruises or scratches, that would lead me to believe that they had been mistreated.
As to the cleanliness of the food, I couldn't well tell about the meat and such as that, but the peaS' and greens, such as that, I can g,iye you an account of that-it wasn't clean, because I have found worms in the greens on the attendants' table, after they were cooked, and I suppose them all to be about the same; as to the meat, I n~er did detect that any of the meat was not sound.
As to the food for the attendants, the meat and bread and different things would be put on the table . in separate dishes, all the meat in one big dish and the bread in a dish, and so forth, and they helped thems~lves to as much as they wanted of everything that they had there on the table.
-
I can read and write, and when the doctor left medicines for the .sick, with the directions how to
326

kick him; I never did hear .any of the attendants curS'e any of the patients. If I had a patient there and he didn't want to do any work, helping with the work on the ward, preparing the halls, I would not for'ce him to do it; I never did try to force any of them to do anJlthing at all.
H. B. FLUERY, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I am an attendant at this Institution, I have been here, it will be three years in February, coming February; I am 'on U ward now, I have been moved recently; I have not had Mr. John Smith with me at any time lately in my ward, it has been several months; they moved him off the ward with me several months before th~y moved me, some nine or ten months before they moved me; I haven't been on the ward with him within nine or ten months, something like that-I don't remember how long it has been; he was in :fights on the ward every day or two; he was inclined to impose on the other patients, and when he would get into thes'e :fights, sometimes, we wo,uld h:ave to lock him up, and at times make. him go up and stay in his room, I never did have to use any undue force or injure him in any way to manage him, ,I never choked him, nor ducked him, and I never had any one to choke him; I don't lmow anything about the :fight that he had with old man Camp; I never did threaten to duck J1im if he told anything about the management of the ward. As to the food when
593

though, some of them, but they just did it within

themselves, because they wanted to. I was assistant

attendant; the first attendant wasn't required to

make any written reports or verbal reports to the

Physicians on their rounds in the morning, that I

know of; as to how did the Doctor find out _about how

my patients were getting .along, if I didn't make

a report to them, or my superior. Well, h'e always,

m_ostly always, went around, and he goes through the

hall to them that was there; the majority of them,

principally, was in the yard along about that time

of the day; those that weren't there; well, sometimes

he would ask if they were all right, all of them getting

along all right, as usual ; if he didn't see them, if they

weren't there when he came around, he would ask

about them. If a sick patient came on my ward, if

.. i

.,,:

he was sick when he came there, it was mine or my

superior's duty, to tell the Physician in charge of

the ward about it when he came around; if he didn't

know it, that's the way that he had of finding it

out. We didn't have any instructions at all, about

calling a Physician at night, if one was needed, it

was left entirely to my judgment about when I should

call a Physician, as far as I lmow, I never had to

call for the Doctor myself, that I know of; I never

had a pat~ent that was very sick on my ward, that

needed a Physician during the night. I don't know

anything about the time that the Doctor spends on

the sick wards, I wasn't on them, I didn't have any-

thing to do there, nor on the reception wards; I don't

know if most of thei~, time is taken up, looking after

the sick and receiving the patients, because I don't

know what time they go to the buildings; when a
.. J
328

r
I
bave never known any of the attendants to duck any of the patients, or te-ase them .or aggravat~ them, not to amount to anything, sometimes they will play with them a little, I have never seen them tease them for the purpzse of making them mad and fightingthings like that; I have never known any of the attendants to make one patient raise a fuss with another patient to get to see them fight. I never did make any of my patients work, I pever made one do anything since I have qeen here-'-I have asked them to help me, but I have never forced one to work, if he didn't want to do it, andlhave never known of any of the ,patients ever t>eing made to work-forced to do it, if. they didn't want to do it.
D. H. HOLLIS, Sworn in Rebuttal, testifed:
My position here is that of attendant. I had a patient he~e, named Charley Jones, on ~'Y ward; I never did have any trouble with. him; he had delusions., he would imagine things that couldn't be true; as to whether I ever had any trouble witli him about making him work, why, he wouldn't go to the yard, .and stayed around his room a good deal, and I insisted on him pushing a rub, and he would push, the rub, but. he didn't like me _afterwards-he had some delusion about it; I n~ver made him push _the rub, but I insisted on it, t_old him it would benefit him, give him a little exercl.se; he wouldn't go to the yard to take no exercise; I never threatened to do any-
595

visit those that were sick and died on the wards, I never did know of any coming except just once a day, without there was a special call; I never did make a special call on a Doctor to visit one of those patients; I never did know what was the m~tter with any of those patients that died, whether they had typhoid fever or pneumonia, or what; they were tolerably old people; I wouldn't call them just exactly young, just about betwixt and between; the Doctors lmew they were sick; he would go in the room to him and make a visit to him in the room once a day; I helped wait on those patients that died on the wards I was on; there wasn't any special attendant, or special nurse, attending to those patients that was s~ck, just the regular attendants on the hall, an~./they didn~t devote their time and a:ttention specially to those that were on the ward sick; the patients wouldn't complain to me of being sick; how would I ascertain whether one was very sick, or not; there was some that was there that never did have anything to say, not to amount to anything, and then there was some there that talked a good dealboth kinds there, you lmow-some had a lot to say and some didn't have hardly nothing to say; I didn't know how to take their pulse, how often their pulse ought to beat, nor what the normal pulse ought to be, nor how to take their temperature, nor what the normal temperature ought to be, I didn't know how to use the thermometer at all, nor about the respiration; the patients' condition was recorded, I never did do that, I didn't have any instructions, anyone to teach me or tell me how; I don't know what fever is, nothing only just what they call fever, what I
330

a few minutes, until a fellow could go down and get them-a fellow would throw them out and we would go down and ge"t them; we never go for days at a time without anything for them,to drink out of.

I am a head attendant; as to how long a time

I have ever known a dipper to be away from the

bucket, not a:C'cessible to the patients, or where they

could get it, well, I don't know, I go down there and

find there's no dipper there and I go down and get

them, or put some there; we had a fellow that would

throw them out as soon as I would go down there and'

get them and I would go pretty often-it couldn't

be long at a time; I mean to say in my service down

there, there has never been as much as a whole clay

that there wasn't a clipper there, maybe a little

.)

while, su:c!h as an hour, or something like that-I

don't know whether it would be that long or not;

Captain Gee said there would be six months at a

... time that there wou]dn 't be a dipper there, that's not

right. He isn't very neat in his dress, as a rule, he

is very filthy, frequently goes bare-footed, without

his coat, and shoes off and dirty, we have to keep up

with him pretty sharp about that. I have been con-

nected vyith the Institution twenty-tw.o years; I do

not know of any mistreatment here by any of the

attendants to any of the patients during. that time,

nor any mistreatment that wasn't corrected or recti-

fied by the authorities of the Institution; I do not

know of any of the attendants now who are cruel or

mean or harsh to the patients. As attendant, I would

consider it my duty~ if I saw an attendant mistreat

a patient, to report thai attendant to the Physician

597

put a s~roud on them before the burial; I don't know what kind of material that shroud would be composed of; they use just a common coffin, lined, but I do~ 't know what they were lined with, but I know they were lined.
C. B. LAVENDER, Sworn, testified:
_I live in Baldwin county, I was an attendant at the State Sanitarium; first become employed there the eighth ()f last December; I stayed there eight months; I am not employed there now; I quit; my .duties was to see that the ward was kept in order, cleaned up and everything kept straightened up, to see that the patients was in their proper places and was quiet and no fusses amongst them, and so onjust to S'ee that everything was all right. Doctor Green attended iny ward, it wat3 the customary rule - that he came through there once a day, and then as much oftener as it was necessary, if there was any sick on the ward, that he had to visit more than once a day, why he did so; in coming through he walked through the halls from one end to the other, went . through the wards; if there was any that was locked up, we had to report that they were locked up, and who they were and what they were locked up for, and he always went in the cell, he stopped to see them; of course, those that weren't locked up he didn't examine every time he came through, he generally spoke to them as he went thr?ugh, and the at-
332

t
I I

J. D. ROBS, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
,-
I am an attendant in this Institution, and have

been connected with the Institution fourteen years;

I lmow one Captain John A. Gee; I have had him

several different times on the ward with me; he was

a veJJy :filthy, dirty patient-and unreliable, too, full

l
I

of delusions, .got plenty of them; he _claims to be, for a while, this fellow that killed those women up in Atlanta-.claimed to be him for a while-I can't think

I

of his name-Flannigan-I1e claimed to be F'lannigan

for a long time; then he changed from Flannigan to

L.ord Roberts of the Boer and F'rench war, you know

-he was Dord Roberts for a long time; he didn't

bring no stick with him, when he came, if he did I

never did see it; when he :first came- to the Institution,

he was put on 0 ward a while; he had a ring, which

he gave to me, I have got it right here in my pocket,

here it is; I have- heard him speak of his stick; he

never did haye no stick, that was. just a delusion of

Ge_e's; he is a spiteful kind of fellow; I have seen

him do dirty tricks on the wards, I have seen him pull

his pants down in the- dining room and do his busi-

ness right on the floor, right iri the dining room, and

then tell the attendant, "now, damn you, clean it up,

that's what you are hired for;" he hastold. me that.

H said he broke that ring on the train before he

came here, it was broken when I got possession of it; _

when he :first came there was just one little piece

holding rig,ht next to the set, one side broke clean

loose and the center part broke- loose-just one little

. piece next to the set.; he gave- it to me, told me to

take charge of it, it is locked up in the office for his

~
599

. .. 'I

those that didn't have mind enough to know anything about a call of nature, we would bathe them and put dothes on them, and if they were locked upl!ad to be-why, we would re-lock them again; dur.,. ing that bathing process, we never required any of the inmates to do _that kind of work, 'bathe and clean any of the other inmates; some of them helped do it sometimes, we didn't make them do it, though, they just did it themselves, because they wanted to; I couldn't say how often the inmates do that kind of lwbor, bathing and washing the other imnates; . some of them just walked up and voluntarily offered their services for that kind of work; they were willing to help you do anything and everything that they could do, but they were none of them made to do anything, that I know of, unless they wanted to do it-nobody forced them to work, and if they. didn't want to help, they didn't have to do it; we had epilep~ics on our ward, they had spasms sometimes; afte'r
aspasm, a Physician was called in there to visit them
or during the hour of a spasm, if it was necessary; the attendants decided if it was necessary to call the Physician, when one of those people had a spasm. I never studied medicine, and didn't have any lmowledge of medicine at all, in the treatment of epileptics; it was left entirely to my judgment, whether it was necessary to call a Physician when an epileptic had a spasm; of course, the Physician didn't stay witp. them all the time, he didn't stay there all the time, you know, he had other things to do, of course; I never called Dr. Green to visit an epileptic right while the spasm was on him, but right afterwards I did, and had his wounds dressed; I only called him
334

-'

I

:.:r1
~-t'~j
".~1~

man over there, by the name of Mann, vV. Z. Mann,
and bit his :finger off; an old man by the nDJrne of Yates, he had several :fights with Yates and Lewis,

had several :fights with Lewis, and numerous other

:fights that I don't remember; I use the expression

"old men," I mean he selected the old fellows that

he could impose on, a man you know, that could cope

with him, he wouldn't bother him much, unless' he

had the advantage; he would just slap them off the

bench, do anything iike that,-he would do all such

as that; I do not know of Dunnington's being mis-

treated by anyone while he was on my ward, or

choked or ducked or anything like that; I had to lock

him up on two occasions; the :first time I locked him

:i

up by myself, and the second time, Humphreys, John

'

Holhind and T'orn Ray helped me lo"ck him up; Torn

Ray did not choke him on that occasion;. since Cap-

tain Gee gave it to me, I had that ring in my pos-

!

session a while, and then I turned it over to the

i
I

Supervisor; I'm forty-three years old.

I 'haven't seen any mistreatment by any of. the younger attendants to patients while I have been here ; I don't know whether I have ever known one attendant to report another for cruel treatment to the patients; I have never reported any attendant to the Physician for neglect of duty or for any cause; I never had an attendant that mistreated a patient

601

. .. ' ;
those inmates had was sufficient to- appease their hunger; I have heard them to complain that they didn't have enough; some of the attendants co~ plaiued of not having enough to eat; I did, myself, I complained as to the condition of the food, I just didn't think it was good enough, is all I can tell you; I thing it was very good feed; I lived on it eight mouths; I can tell you why I comphtiued, I just made the remark, sir, that it-wasn't as good as I would like to'have, I don't know as I would say complaining about it, for I never made no complaint to a~y body, only maybe, we would be eating and maybe make some complaint about it, that way, you know, a fellow does that at honie, sometimes, I do sometimes myself; I didu 't kick to anybody, nor knock nobody, that wasn't what I was after,. nor what I. wa.s there for; the epileptic patients there had the sanie food as' the others; the old people, those who were old and infirm and coulcln 't go to the table, sometimes had cooked eggEr, and sometimes they had the same food as the others-coffee and such; it was the attendants' duty to report the .number of those old people who had special meals; I reported to Dr. Green or Mr. Sam Simpson, either one or the other of them. Mr. Simpson was the supervisor of the wards. sometimes we would give those old infirm people special food, those that were confined to their rooms, and soll?-etimes we wouldn't when we didn't give them .special foo.d, we would give them the same as the others had; the same daily rations. I didn't _see anybody kick _or knock any of the patients; or maltreat any of the patients while I was there; I didn't ever see any of the attendantS' choke a. r>a-
336

Green goes down to Captain Gee's room, and Dr. Green asked him, ''Captain, did you ever see Mr. Chambers choke a man~" "No sir, I never saw Mr. Chambers choke a man in my life;'' ''Now, .Captain Gee, didn't you tell Dr. Powell the other day over here that Chambers nearly choked a man to death~" He says, ''I never told Dr. Powell no such thing;'' well, we knew th~t he did tell Dr. Powell so, if he hadn't, Dr. Powell wouldn't have said so; so you see there's' no truth in him; he had delusions about :women, and he was Flannigan and Roberts, and I don't know what he was; and he had a great delusion about the earth-s-aid the earth was, I don't know how many thousand feet higher than it is, and come an earthquake and the earth fell to where it is now, and a,ll such delusions as that, he had them, you know.
/.l
J. W. BECK, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I am an attendant here; I have been connected with the Sanitarium about twenty-six years, I came here in the spring of 1884; I know one John Smith, who was a patient here; I had him with me twice on my ward, he is not on my ward now, he stays on I-I now; I don't recollect exactly how long since he was on my ward, he was moved off sometime along last summer. He is of bad character-I would call it bad character, very disagreable; I would take him to be more on the idiot order than anything el?e-you know about how they are ; he has no pride, he
603

to church while 1 was an attendant out there. I don't lmow whether they were forbidden to go, I don't suppose they as~ed to go. I couldn't say of my own knowledge how often this nightwatchman went around through the buildings; it was 'his duties to go around every hour, but whether he done so, I don't know, I was asleep, but I have. been awake at night and lmowed him to pasS' there, but I couldn't say what time of the night, nor how often he goes through. No kind of treatment that I know of was inflicted upon a patient if he was singing, hollering or anything of the kind, after sleeping hours; I had no occasici_n to discipline anyone for mis-behavior of a night; I suppose they sleep pretty well at night, there's some uneasy at night, of course, you know. I have no connection with the Institution now, nor working for Dr. Jones' or anybody else that's connected with the Sanitarium. There's a commissary out there, I don't know who it belongs to; Mr. Simpson is the manager of it, I don't know whether he runs it or not, I suppose he does; there's oranges and candy and things like that, fruit and such as that, th.at they sell to them, I have bought from that place, without any previous order given for it, just like you bought at any' other store; I don't S'llppose that has any connection with the general store operated by the State in connection with the 8anitarium, that . Mr. Hunter has control of. Sometimes I bought from that store for patients, and sometiines I bought for myself; the patients were. permitted_ to hEtve money; I didn't go by myself to get it, I ca1;ried the patient and he went with me and got it-just what he wanted to get himself; but when I bought; I bought
338

tution to discharge the men if they mistreat patients, when it is found out on them. There is no silent understanding between the attendants that they protect one another, that if one of them is guilty of mistreating patients, that the other won't say anything about it; it is the duty of the attendants to report, anything of that kind.

I know McKinley, a discharged employee here.

I. have had a talk recently with John Smith, the pa-

tient, he came to me about the time this-I believe

it was on Monday, the Committee, the Investigating

Committee, met here before; the Monday before, I

think it was; he told me that he supposed it had been

reported to me that he had reported me, and I told

him yes, I had heard it, "but it's all right, if you

will go b~fore that Committee, you tell the truth,

if you can-I don't believe you can do it, though; it

you ever heard me say or do anything that

wasn't right, you do it, you tell it;'-' he says, ''anybody that said that I reported you is a God

. I

damned lie;" I told him, "that's all right, you just

go ahead and tell what you seen me do;'' so we went

on until after the Committee left, and he come to

me and told me that the reason why he said what he

did was that he was put up to it by attendants that had been discharged from here; I asked him who it was, and he said it was Roy McKinley and a fellow by the name of Willis-said they told him if he would

tell eyerything that he had seed or heard, that they

would help him to get out of here and when he got out of here tha.t they would see that he got off to

Oklahoma or T'exas or somewheres that he would

i.

605

1 J

. :~

2. I don't know of a patient or an inmate ever having- boug-ht any whiskey there, out of that commisf;ary; I never did see one of those attendants drinking whisky, or under the influence of whisky, while I was there, nor ever smelled any on the attendants' breath. I never did see any roug-h treatment on the part of any of the attendants to the patiel!-ts there. I suppose attendants could buy stuff out of that commissary, for their own use, g-ene:rally. I don't know who owned it, but as I say, Mr. Simpson was the Manager of it, he had charg-e of it.
.-' .:.
MISS MINNIE ALLEN, Sworn, testified:
I live at State Prison Farm; I was employed at the State Sanitarium as a nurse, for two years and three months; I left there the 19th of July; my duties there, as a nurse, 'Were to look after the ins-ane people there, and the sick people. During my time there, as a nurse, I didn't see. any of the inmates maltreated there, in any way at all; I didn't have personal supervision of the wards; it was my duty to see that the food waS' put on the table properly, and attend the inmates in going to and from the table; in my opinion, the food was sufficient for those patients to eat; they had plenty; I should think it was prepared as well as could be for as many as they have to cook for there; it seemed to be prepared properly. We had thirty-eight patients, the head nurse and myself, I was an a$sistant there; I had some olcl and in-
340
.1

/l

I have been here, I have not seen any tendency on

.i

the part- of any of the attendants to refuse or fail to

testify to the Committee, of any mismanagement

here, for fear of losing their position; they have not

had an:y intimation, so far as I know, that if t;hey

were to tell all they knew about any mis-manage-

ment of this Institution that they would be dis-

charged by Dr. Jones; I don't know of any such in-

timation~don't know if any of t_hem had any such

intimation, I never heard of it; I don't think they

stand in dread of telling all they know of this In-

stitution, .for fear of losing their position, I wouldn't.

Thes'e patients that came before the Committee,

three or four weeks ago, when the Committee was

down .here, are treated just like they were before

;;.1'

the Committee came here, some of them, looks like

.,~

I

to me, they have had more opportunities, .nothing

like, on the part of the physicians, to even up with

them or be harsh with them, and I haven't ever seen

any disposition on the part of the attendants to be

hard with them because they came before the Committee, they have had everything that they had be~

fore, I haven't heard any of the attendants abusing

them about coming before the Commi~tee. Those

patients ain't afraid of the attendants, of courS'e,

it's just like everywhere else, some, you know, that

. love the attendants, some that are spiteful, some, if

he was going to do anything wrong, he would be

afraid that he would be locked up-kinder has a ten-

dency to make them behave themselves; but they are

not afraid of being hutt, anything like that, though.

I couldn't say that these attendants are as kind as

'

::1

607

them in there until they were quiet, so as you could turn them out again; by ''quietness,'' I mean with reference to being violent, unmanageable; I never saw or knew of patient being confined to this blue room for laughing, talking or a noise, anything of that kind; I left the Sanitarium of my own accord, because I was sick. Nobody has talked to me about the proposition that I have been subpeonaed here for, about my testimony in this case, before I came here today; Dr. Jones paid regular visits to my ward, as a general supervision over the whole matter; I never received any money from any of. the patients, nor saw any of them give money to any of the attendants to buy articles with for them, I never bought anything special for any patient.. I had patients in my ward who were not able to go to the table; those in the cells would be given extra food from the other common patients, it was owing to their condition, some had to have liquid food, such as soups, broths, things Eke that, ;you know, properly prepared; l never heard any complaint on my ward of the females there, of not having sufficient. to eat. I had patients to die on my ward; clidn 't have only two or three to die there, just a few, they were old ladies; they had good medical attention-the attention was all right; the Physician visited them a couple of . times a clay, when he thought it was necessary, and would give us the medicine for them to take, and give us orders how to administer it to them; I never had aily experience as a nurse before I went there. \Ve were given training as to the proper method of giving medicines to the sick; we had lectures ; none of. the medicine was administered by the Physician him-
H2

bring any walking stick with him when he came

here,. to my knowledge; I have been Assistant Su-

pervisor a good many years, been in the -office' a good.:

deal,. and if he brought a walking stick with him,. I

~-:: ;

know it would have been turned. over to me; that's

been the .the rule ever since I have been here; in

reference to my furnishing the patients little canned

goods, tobitcco and _thinglike that; the authority hy

which I have been doing that, is I had permission .

f1~om Dr. P:pwell to do thrut; he told me that I

could furnish the patients with little things like that, .

when they wanted to get them from me, just for

their convenience; I didn't keep any great amount

:

of goods over there at .the building, I don't suppose

.; .1

the niost I had would hardly come to $15.00; I .don't

consider that I took up ri:mch of my time with that

business, 1it woulchi 't have avera'ged five minutes .

a day, but it was a considerable convenience to the

patients' and attendants alike to be able to get what

they wanted from me at that place; I am not keep-

ing those goods there now. for them, as Assistant.

Supervis'or, and during my connection here _with

this Institution, I have never known an attendant

to be kept here who was known to be cruel to the

patients, or neglectful of his duties; I know the

management here would not keep any man here on
I.
duty that would be cruel to the patients, or that

neglected his duties; I have never known such a

man to be kept here as an employee of this Institu-

.tion; since I have been connected with it, during

Dr. Powell's lifetime; it is the rule with the manage-

.II1ent here, and. you haye told me and the Physicians

that whenever we have got a man here that isn't

609

../, ..
20-inv

the nursing to do. That prescription that the Doctor wrote out, they have a regular nurse to carry those prescriptions around to the apothecary, and that nurse would bring back to the assistants, the medicines that the prescriptions called for; wi.th directions as to how to administer them; they have one nurse to a building that does that.
lVIRR M. L. ADAMS, Sworn, testified:
I live out here on the avenue, between here and the Asylum; I have been an employee of the Georgia State Sanitarium, if I make no mistake, I went there the 20th day of this last gone April, and I stayed there until the last day of July or the first day of August; I stayed on the children's ward, on the male side; I quit because I couldn't stand the work-them children-it was too much for me; my duties as a nurs-e in the children's ward, was to see that they got plenty to eat, to feed them-we fed them, of course, kept them nice and clean, attended to them; we had little epileptics, the treatment those epileptics received was just as good as could be, they couldn't be treated any better, they were not treated any better than the rest of the patients, they were all alike, and all treated well, just .as nice as could be; they all stayed there in a kind of dormitory; the treatment of the Physicians there, was all that could be expected for those little children; I didn't see any cruel treatment towards those little people at all. . The food was proper, and properly prepared, they
344

sent, just entirely for the benefit of the patients of the Sanitarium. I certainly had his permission to start it. I had some pri:fit out of it, of course, a small profit.
DOOT'OR E. M. GREEN, Recalled in Rebuttal, testified:
I know this man John Smith, that testified befOTe the Committee, when the Committee was down here several weeks ago; I have talked with him recently, until the last few days I have seen him every day; I had a particular conversation with him about a letter that he had written home, I have that letter. T'his is the letter that he wrote to his father-part of the letter'----a few days ago; and I just noticed in the letter in reading it over, that he says, ''they beat me and choke me all the time;'' so I know that he hadn't been badly treated, or I had never heard of it, so I_ went to him and told him I couldn't send ou't a letter of that kind, that he must tell the truth, we couldn't send out false reports about the treatment, of tliat character, and he said-I asked him if it was so, and he laughed and said he wouldn't do it any more; that's the only conversation I had with him about that; I think his purpose in writing that sort of stuff was' that his father would take him home if he thought he was badly treated. As to his character, he is an incorrigible boy; he has been in more fights, and caused
611

the Sanitarium, and l don't know anything about the management of the Institution; I was treated n~ce while I was out there, and I just lef-t of my own accord, becauS'e I dicln 't think my health would stand the work.

MISS S. B. GHOLSTON, Sworn, testified:

I was employed in the State Sanitarium two

years, 1907 and 1908-part of this year; I left om

there the 9th of last August; I left with my own ac-

cord; my general duties out there, we had to sweep

and look after them, and see that they were cared

for; in doing that duty, I clicln 't require the patients

to assist me unless they wanted to; I never saw

anyone out there force.cl to do .anything there while

I was out there; if they clicln 't want to do it, why they

didn't have to; I never heard one threatened that if

she didn't do it that she had better; I got them to

help me do part of the work, S'ome of the patients

helped, I never asked any to help that clidn 't do it

freely. The Physician made regular rounds every

morning, and then if he was needed through the clay,

he was called, and he came; Dr. Little was in charge

of the ward that I worked in; we had fifty-one pa-

tients in the ward; there was four of us to look after

them; we would go on duty at about six in the morn-

ing and then we would go off duty at about nine
I-
o'clock at night; during my s~ay there at the Insti-

..

tution I cert_ainly did not see any_ cruelty inflicted

346

"well, ha-ve you seen anybody else badly treated~" ;anq: gets them to tell him all that he can, as a member of the In-vestigating .Cop:1mittee, and he acQepts .e-verything he is tolcl as. the truth. He became -very much excited after the Committee was here, after he appeared before the Committee, and was .worse than I ha-ve e-ver seen him in either of his commitments here, and he has remained that way e-ver since; he has been rather -violent and fought se-veral times; we had to change him from the ward he was on, on that account, and put him on the ward where a different set of patients .were, and he tried. to get some of the other patients to go in with him and force the keys away from the attendants.

.:

'As Assistant Physician here, I ha-ve ne-ver-known

I

the management to keep a man who had been guilty

)j
i

of mistreating patients; I ha-ve been told repeatedly

; i

that if I had an:y man under me as an attendant,

to get rid of him ifhe wasn't satisfactory.

At this point, the hearing was adjourned, to be

resumed in the Senate Chamber, at the State Capitol,

before the whole Committee, on the 20tli day of De-

i
!

cember, 1909, at 10 :00 o'clock, a. m.

!

'

Pursuant to adjournment, the- hearing was re-

sumed before the Committee, in the Senate Chamber;

at the State Capitol, on Monday, December 20, 1909,

at 10:00 o'clock, a. m., all of the members of the Com-

mittee being present with the exception of Represen-

tati-ve Brown, of Fulton. The following proceedings

I

were had and testimony taken:

. .

'
~

1 ,:.l

613

to buy articles for them, and I never saw them give it to any of the rest of the nurses; things were bought for the patients that they furnished the money f_or; they would give the money to Dr. Jones, I suppose, I guess they gave it to him, they never gave anyof the nurses in my presence any of it, never gave me . any of it; I never went .into the commissary in the building there and got coca-cola for my patients, anything of that kind, I didn't see a commissary there in the building there, kept there where things were sold there by anybody; I never was in the rooms there kept by Mr. Simpson, or where Mr. Simpson was the Supervisor; I was never in his ward. My father works there, he's in the shop at the Sanitarium; nobody has talked to me about this case today, about what I was going to testify. My father has been working there in the shop about five years, I think: If I knew anything wrong there, about the Asylum, I certainly would not hesitate to tell it on account of fear that he would lose his position with the Sanitarium. ~e whole time I was there, the nurses treated the patients with kindness a:nd consideration-seemed to do everything that they could for their benefit and comfort. Dr. Little seemed to be kind a;,nd considerate of them. I know nothing at all that goes to show that they were anything but kind to those unfortunate people; I don't lmow anything at all against .the management of the Institution, the whole time I was there, no cruel treatment. I have never seen Dr. Little become impatient with a patient. I know Miss Vining, in Dr. Little's service there, I don't know of any cruel treatment on the part of the nurses 'towards Miss Vining; I have
. 348

done this thing before, time and again to other pa-

tients; and there's a lady that makes rounds on the

wards-supposed to make them, each day, and she

is supposed to report to the Superintendent what

happens on the wards, and it had been reported to

her before, yet there was never a word said about

it; in the other instances, it had been reported three

times, to my lmowledge-I reported it twice myself,

to the Matron, and the girl that made rounds, anc1

then another girl reported to the girl that made

rounds-it was reported and never a word said about

it; it went on until this girl left; my connection with

it, was going to the reiief of the patient that was

being beaten; I went and reported it, but yet it was

paid no attention to; I never reported it to the

Superintendent directly myself, nor to any of the

Physicians; Dr. Mobley was the Physiciap. in charge

of the ward that I was employed oiL That Physician

attended that wardonce a day, or if he was called,

and he spent in that ward when he. came there, not

. I

over five or ten minutes a day, just walked through.

The Physicians there, as they came through, didn't

see all the patients, of course they didn't, they only

I

noticed those that their attention is directly called to

i

by the nurses; sometimes they would notice them as

they would pass through. I never called a Physician.

on a special case that they failed to attend. They

were always prompt when I called them.

Dr. JoneS' investigated my case and discharged me; and there's been nurses discharged-susp~nded, there, fot slapping patient~-only suspended and taken back; Miss Badger was one, she was sus-

.I

615

l

i

I

; k~
~,.

.:i.1{

'

I

'I

morning between eight and nine o'clock, and Dr. Swint about the same hour of the day, you see ther.~~~. different buildings, and one PhyBician sends in his patients and so does the other, and each one visits their respective patients. Usually, after they had made their regular visit they would come bacJr there for anything special, they might come back and make an examination of the sickest patients-come back whenever we called for them; there were some in there extremely sick-sick unto death-a number of them died there; as to how often during the day, or how many times a day those Physicians would visit those that were there extremely ill-well, I have seen them sometimes visit in the morning at the usual hour, and come back there as they were finish..; ing up; that would make twice in the morning, and I have seen them in the afternoon, and I have seen them up with them at night, that :would be when they had critical cases; as to whether a man or woman that was sick enough w be in the Infirmary would be critically sick, well, some aren't so dangerous, some are chronic, you know; they put the chronic ones down there whenever they can't help themselves.
I suppose, my entire time, there were about an average of one every two days died there, some_, )thing like -that, possibly more-sometimes two a da:y and sometimes wouldn't have any a week; I wouldn't say there have been up as high as 1,500 while I stayed there; I say sometimes one in a week, and sometimes two a day and sometimes none a week; I have never tried to keep account of how many died there; as to whether any other Physicians
350

I
j

. they wouh1 tell .things to the Committee. On one

occasion the Legislature was there, and they tele-

phoned to me to keep this patient in and not let her

:J

!

go; he had told me, when she was moved to my watd,

that she had written home to her people, something

about the Jnstitution and they ha:d had some trouble

about it, and for me to be very careful and watch

- her, and when the Legislature came, for me to keep

her on the ward and not ~to let her go to the dance;_

Dr. Whitaker did that; it has been seven or eight

yearS' ago, that patient is there now, her name. is

Snider; I don't know whether she has a sister in

Columbus; I do:q 't 'think she has, she was- from

Kentucky; I was in charge of that patient myself.

As to whether she was mentally capacitated to tell

the truth to the Committee of the Legislature or not,

well, she would -tell stories;she didn't write home, she

says she didn'-t, but that a:q.other patient went home

and wrote for her; but he told me that she wr:ote

.j

home, and told me to wa:tch her and be very careful

and see tha1t she didn't mail no lette_rs.

I said in the beginning that I had never known , any patients deliberately mistreated; you have to . use force, of course, and sometimes they are hurt or . the nurse is' hurt-anybody would know that; th3lt certainly is maltreating them. I was there, perhaps a little longer than :fifteen years, and I knew none tl:lat were foroibly treated, excep1t those that had to be handled. I would certainly count .not furnishing patients r:;uffi.cient food to eat, mistreatment; and I call this mistreatmeil)t, too-when they. will take a . nurse off the ward and neglect the wards and the

.617

.i

,, . 1
.. \
',
j'

I saw any cruelty in any way inflicted upon those people; well, sometimes we had to handle them a little rough, very seldom though-begin to get baa; you know, get a chair after you, you have to catch him and do something with him-you've got to do something with him-very few of those, though; I never experienced very much of that down there in. the Infirmary ward; I never did have to hurt anyone while I was there, to control him, they sometimes hurt themselves, but I never did see anyone else hurt them. They have a blue-room, or a prison room, to put them in, but I never put one in; I would have done it, if I had been called on to do it, though; I have seen others do it, for nothing except :fighting, .breaking up things-couldn't manage him; I never did see one put in there for laughing and hollering, or singing, shouting-anything of that kind; the use of the prison room, was confined to only the men that were viQlent, that you couldn't manage them, it was only as a last resort to put them in there; I have never seen any women put in that blue room; I was never over there; I was only on the Male Infirmary. I have had patients to give me money to get things for them with; I woi.1ld go and comply with their request, of course; as to where I would get the things at, that they would want me to buy for them; Mr. Simpson has got a few little things that he keeps there-just a little roo_m over there-over on B ward; that was there when I went there to work for the Institution as an attendant, and it was there when I left there, and- I stayed there about eighteen months; I went there and bought things out of that commissary, possibly every day; I usually bought
352

01thers too; when I did that cooking, I was absent from my wavd; that would be all day long, and for weeks at a time. As to who was in charge of my patients svhile I was doing that cooking, well, there was only one left on the ward; the Physician in charge of the ward was certainly aware of that; I didn't know whether ]twas the rule to do it or not, I didn't see where it could be right. We had printed rules by which we were governed, there was nothing of this sort in the rules; and when the families of the officers of the Institution was sick, the nurses have to go nurse ,them, and when their own family is sick and they have to go home, it is taken out of their salary, but when the officers' families is sick, why the nurses have to nurse them; they take the nurses away from the Institution to nurse their families; in building separate from the Institution, during their sickness. Dr. Richard's wife was sick, and they taken a nurse to nurse her, taken JYEss Goldsby, and they tried to force Miss McMichael to go and she refused to go, and I heard 'that they threatened to discharge her if she didn't go ; that has been at least eight or ten years ag'o; Dr. Powell was Superintendent at that time. Whether any of these irregularities- existsd under Dr. Jones' administ.ration, during the time I was there, I think this Miss Batchelor was suspended while he was there, for slapping a patient. There are no other irregularities that I know of during his administration, execpt this taking the muses off the wards and things that they would get-I couldn't say-I was under the impression that tl1ey were allowed to do so-it was strange. I was llC'.7 (H' sent out to one of the employee's houses
619

wanted; running that store there didn't take ~p rin1~h of his time; the purchases I made there were conducted in a fair and honest way, at the same prices you would have to pay outside for the same things .
.If Dr. Green had called in the whole corps of Physicians to every sick patient, he would have had no time hardly to have clone anything but consult.
I have come in contact with Dunnington in passing; the reputation he had there for fighting and violence; I have always heard that he was quite a fighter, always getting in trouble-getting in trouble with the other patients there-a kind of tony fellow, .you .lmow-:-didn't want to comply with the rules, would like to be a little above the rest.. I never did know Pool, the man that testified here this mornmg.
T am locatecl'here in Milledgeville, in the furniture business, but I live in Midway. As to whether I know anything to tell thiS' Committee, if- there is any cruel treatment, that would a;:;sist in finding it; I don't know how the other patients were treated, I don't know much about the other wards, all that I know is right there, and they treated them as well as they could be treated.
The nature of my work in the laboratory, the kind of work I did; I wrote out the report and helped with autopsies and staining. I did a lot of urinalysis work1 Dr.. Little had that-he usually looked over them to see ifhe could find anything-to see what he could find; they made a systematic examination of
35,!

and charge it and the Steward took it out of her salary, but she paid the money to him-it was a very small amount; those were the State's lemons; that has been a good many years ag'o; he taken the money, I carried it to him. I stayed there four of five years after Dr. J\1. L. Jones went into the Superintendency. As to what irregularities, if any, occurred since Dr. Jones went in; well, this: nurse was suspended, I think, while he was there; one of the girls, was. taken. off the w~trds to nurse Dr. Jones' mother-in-law.; and the girls were taken off the wards to go to the fruit room and cook-well they went there to cook for , the State too, and they cooked also for lVlm. Darnell. It was the last year I was there that I was taken off and tho other girls taken off to do that cooking; Dr. Powell stopped them from cooking for the Steward when he was there; this eooking I have reference to is since Dr. Jones has become Superintendent; since Dr. Joneswent in there, as to how many nurses were carried over there into this cooking department to cook, why, nurses from various wards; as to how many times I was taken off the ward to do the cookiug, why, it was maybe a month at a time, during .the summer, we had to be off the wards nearly every day, and during that time that I was away cooking, the one nurse left on the ward would at- tend to th8 patients. I had twenty-two patients when I was on duty, and of course, wasn't any of them moved off the ward. They generally have four nurses to the long wards, and two to the short ones, and there was necessity for four nurses there to the long wards and two to the short oneS'; so that when tho.sr:! nurses were carried off, that put double
I 621

...
Sanitarium have given him authority to run that little store out there; I don't know anything at all about their arrangements.

C. R BONNER, Sworn, testified:

. I live in Midway, this county; I was employed as

i:}ttendant at the State Sanitarium three months lack-

ing three days; I quit. My duties there was ~o at-

tend to the patients, and look after the patients,

stay on the hall with them, see after them. I was

under Dr. Green; he carne around every morning,

and if necessary, he came back, if we needed him; the

....,.

head attendant would be the judge of the necessity

of him coming back, and if he wasn't there, of course,

we would; I was a'Ssistant attendant; of course, we

would look after them, and if we needed him, we

would send for him-we didn't need him while I wa13

there, of course, we had sick ones, two or three sick

ones, while I stayed there, but no one died on my

ward while I was there; he didn't visit sick 'ones on

the ward but once a day, and told us what to do for

them, we didn't have none of them very sick while

I was out there; the sickest one, I believe, was a

young boy got shot through here (indicating) and

he was troubled with his side right smart; the Docto1

went to his room every rnorning and saw him; he

didn't go to every room there. every morning; they

were out of the !ooms, he would speak to them and

shake hands with him-them that, he could, you know

356

~
I
i '

time I remember to have seen barrels sent away from

there was about last :Christmas was a year ago,

I remember seeing one that was' packed and ready to

'leave, and direeted; and those patients thatwas cui-

those two patients that was cut out of the building,

one of them, when she was brought back, was put on

my ward, and they came a number of times, two of

them, privately, they had private talks with them.

Miss Cross went three times, Dr. Jones went after-

. wards, Miss Cross went three times in one clay, and

this patient stuck her hat pin through herself, tried

to pie1;ce her heart, I suppose, -and she was moved

to the Infirmary two weeks before anybody knew

it; she was moved to the Infirmary, and before we

' ..

eame off, we met Dr. Little, sayi:t;lg that Dr. Jones said 'not to tell it, saying that he had a motive in not

' 't

....

:

telling it about the lady committing suicide; and it was the lady that they cut the wires and le-t out-MisS'

.Andree. And it was the opinion of. a good many

around there that some of the officers' children, their

nephews, or one of the officers' sons, let them out;

it was talked among the employees but I don't know anything about that of my own knowledge, I was
just told that; but why did they want to keep itthey had somebody sitting up with her eve-ry night,

and they sent word by the nurse not to let anybody know that she was sitting up; I don't know of my

.own knowledge that that word was sent or not bY, the

D.octm, he didn't tell me so, they said that he said

so. Dr. Little told me that Dr. Jones said not to tell

it.

The food was about the same all the time during

633

didn't close their letters at all-well, I say they didn't, some of them didn't know no better, they would close them anyway-you couldn't tell what some of them wanted; I never read a letter of any of them. They had a way there, the patient would make out what he wanted-just make out a bill of it, and when Dr. Green came around he would sign it, was all the way they could get anything and we would go clown to the store and get what they wanted and carry it up and put it in the room up there, and when they go to dinner, go to the dining room, they would call for it, and if it was a ham, or something like that, we would have it cooked for them; I went to the room kept there by Mr. ~impson, that commissary room, you couldn't call it a regular storehouse, there was a bed in there-it was a room-a bureau in there; he never had much in there-some little stuff; I bought my tobacco from him; he clidn 't have any coca-cola in there at all, he just had a few canned goods, ham and candy, such as that, and then he had some canvas hams, you know, a lot of the patients comes there with money, and they want such as that, you know, and they would get it from there, get us to get it for them; I reckon that they did keep them at the regular storehouse. clown there, the general storehouse.
We ate at the same dining room with the patients; we wasn't at the same table, we ate the same food that the patients did; the quantity of that food was sufficient for those patients, of course, it was cooked by steam, if it was cooked by fire it would have been a whole lot better; it was cooked by steam, I reckon
358

that. As to whether the fruit that the nurses cooked

was cooked for the patients in the Institution, I said

they was prepared .for the State also at the same time

they were p~epared for the Matron; the general ob-

.

je:ct
'

,of .detailing the

.

'

nurses

from

the

war.ds

to

go

., down there and cook this fruit was they were sent

to cook for the -Matron. at the same time they we.re

cooking for the State----,-at the same time the other

cooking was' done; they stopped the cooking for the

I

Steward, but didn't stop it for the Matron. About

I !

their wantjng to keep this a secret about the girl's

trying to commit suicide, I know it is the object of the

Institution to try to keep all such things as that,

; whenev'er one: patient tries to commit suicide, if it

is genera)]y known among the other patients, that

~.,they. might.try to do it too, that the object of try- .

. ing .to keep these things. down, bu-t I think your

. object was to get on the witnes:s stand and swear

she .wasn't crazy, I think that was your object, in

qrqer to carry your poin:t in this case ; certainly it

is the rule, that you try to keep such things frCYm the

other pat~ents, when one tries to commit suicide.

'~ '
Dr~ Powell die<;t four or five years ago, somewhere

,,along.in.there,,I am not sure about that, but it was
em four five years. ago. When the Doctor stopped

... me,;l was going.to give my-re'ason for him wanting

.it kept secret. about that girl trying to commit sui-

cide,. so .that he would swear that this patient was

..not.insane, his object in doing that, was to prove that

, these men cut those. patients out, that the women

-wasn':tcinsane; this-refers to these women that es-

. cap~",.l,tbat was testified about.

625

wages they paid, and I quit of my own accord; nobody didn't lmow it until I got ready to quit.
The Physicians and attendants there, in general, what I saw I think done their duty. The attendants there recognized Mr. Simpson as their boss, I did, I know; if an attendant wants to get off, why he lets him off, and if he don't let him off he_ tells him to stay and he stays.
I have an aunt over there, that's a patient there; if I knew anything that those people out there at the Institution were doing that would be of injury to her or any other of those unfortunate people, I would not refuse to tell it on account of friendship for Dr. Jones and the others over there; I think they' are getting along as best they could, I have told you all that I think is wrong about that-that beef line, if that could be changed, I think it would do pretty well; I don't like that way of cooking. What I mea~t awhile ago by saying I thought there was enpugh food there for some of them, but not f.or ot~ers; some of them wasn't used to that kind of food, and they just hate to eat it; I meant that some of them would kill themselves e'ating if you gave it to them.
I went there the 11th of July and quit the 8th of October, this year; I never heard of mistreatment or cnielty on the part of the attendants or Doctors there ; of course, you have to lock some of them up, and you have got to hold him the best way you can until you lock him up. About that boy being shot, he was one of the patients; I think he shot himself before he came there, he wasn't shot while he was
360

.

.

"-Miss Meellin made me do it ;" she said, :'why did

she make you beat her~" "Well," she said, "she

had .been throwing the clothing out of the room,

throwing them out of the window," and she says "Miss. Medlin came to me ~md told me I had to beat

her, Miss,Medlin held her while I whipped her with

a shoe ;.11 well, the girl reported that to me, and I

had my Assistant Superintendent go mound and

inv.estigate it, Dr. Whitaker; .he. came back and r.e-

ported to me that this .patient had been pretty .badly

a:bused-even her butto0ks were looking black and

blue from the- beating that she had had; well, the

next day I sent for the. patient .and examined her my-

self, and found the ma1:ks still there; I had the pa-

tient that said shE; heat her to come before me.:_she

was a patient with pretty good intelligence, knew:

what. sl1e,wqs talking about,. and I asked hm th.e

r

questions about how came this woman beaten,. and

'

she _says, "I ~eat her~ but M_iss Medlin mademe.. do

it," and_ Miss JY~edlin had had the reputation of be~

i~g rather rough with the patients, while she was a

good .

in.du

st

rio

us. -

girl a.nd

l~ept her -- .

hall

in

good

order, and was a good worker, but her reputation was

bad as to her treatment of the patients; well, taking

what I had }1earcl about her treatmen.t towards the p~tien~s ip_ conn~ctfon with this. case, ~ decided I had

better get riel of her, and so I discharged her; she has 1~epeatedly made attempts to get back, but I clicln ~t tab~ her back because I dic1n 't think she :Was a s_uit.ab!e wom~n in the position.

Dr., Powell diecl.A.ugust, 1907, a little over two

years ago ; I was made Superintendent on the 22nc1

I

"I

. 1327

:i

Nobody is allowed to buy from that Institution except the officers; the attendants could get something for the patients by making out 'a bill of it and going down there and getting it for them from that little store of Mr. Simpson's. That store was there when I went there, and it was still running there when I came away from there.
J. H. MASON, Sworn, testified:
I live in Midway, Baldwin county; I was employed at the Sanitarium about three years, as nightwatchman, on the Infirmary. As night-watchman my general duty was to see after the patients, to see that they had water, to keep covered up and give them milk and stuff through the night, and to see that they were comfortable-to see that everything was all right; I was under Dr. Green and Dr. Swint. I hardly ever was there in the day time; sometimes I would go through there; as to whether patients would be all locked up in their rooms before I got there at night; they hardly ev~r locked them up in the Infirmary. I suppose they averaged :fifteen very sick patients in that Infirmary-twelve or :fifteen, something like that. Physicians came through every morning, maybe twice in the morning and twice in the afternoon and once at night, maybe twice at night. Other Physicians on the ground went through the Infirmary besides Dr. Green and Swint, I saw other Physicians in there, in that Infirmary several
362

tabres; hut our inoney isn't sufficient .t6 give them as great a variety as I would like .to give them.

The expense per day, figured out for those pa-. tientS is 34.5 cents per patient; as to whether that is supplemented p1~etty much by. the farm and dairy, well, when you come to thar~ we take the money that the State gives us and make that-we make it, it is true; we make a great deal of it out of the labor there, but it is no cost to the State. without that supplement we couldn't do it, it amol~nts to a cent or two. mo1'e a. clay on what we make on the farm-it wouldn't amount to two cents per capita more; that. and the dairy too, wouldn't, because we hardly made. more than $600.00 for the year, the net income.

.:

As' to whether it is all net income, as the patients .

make it, well, we have to support the help, you know,

and feed the stock and things like that'; we have to':

have men to work with .the patie.nts, you lmOW,' to

take care of them and pay them wages, overseers and ;

things like that.

1 don't know the number of men that. attend to the-~ garden, I think we have maybe ten or twelve paid men that work on the farm. The dairy and the farm . are separate, you know. No credit is giv'en for manual labor performed there by any of the patients. From the proceeds of what the State has invested . there in that dairy and in the farm and mules and stock of all kinds, taking all of that into account; and also taking into account the labor performed there by the-patients, I don't think the, net proceeds-would~ amount-to .two cents per capita;it isn't all net, we
629

',

I harlly ever saw Mr. Simpson in Milledgeville in the day-time, some days he had some time off and generally came to Milledgeville; of course, when he had his time off, he came to Milledgeville ; I don't know whether it was his time off or not when I saw him, but I suppose it was his; I don't know whether it was his time or the Government's ti1ne.

.tl.s to how many patients died in that Infirmary

on an average per week, while I was night watchman

over there; well, sometimes there would be three a

week, and sometimes there would be four,-three or

four; .I don't remember how man:y died at night; not

so very many,-some would die at night; when they

died at night, in that kind of case, I would get up

the other night watchman there on the sa:me floor

with me, and I would notify the Doctor, and he al-

ways came if it was necessary to come; of course,

after he was dead it wasn't necessary foi the Doc.tor

to come; sometimes, of eourse, they would die right

suddenly, you know; not any of the p~tients died at

nights that remained there until morning before they

were dressed and prepared for burial; the night

watchman and attendants superintended that wash-.

ing and dressing and prepared them for burial; the

attendants got up and helped, and if it was neces-

sary, the authorities there would pay attention _to

that; Doctor Green has come; I don't remember see-

ing Doctor Jones; I seen Doctor Swint; it is gen-

erally left .to the attendants to do that duty; of

.course, the Doctors gives orders what to do, you

I

ln1ow; they have funerals when 1they are buried

I

there; I forget the preacher's name who cow;lucts

364

ledgeville at all, it is in Midway, he paid for it; about fifteen Jnmdred or twenty-five hundred dollars; that house is now worth ten or fifteen thousand dollars; he paid $2,500 at least ten or fifteen years ago, when property in Midway wasn't worth anything hardly; I don't think any employee of the Sanitarium has recently bunt any house or purchased any property, if they have, I have never heard o~ it;. Mr. Oook, a gentleman that's in the lumber business, lives in Midway; I know him. I would think he is a reliable man, I have never known anything to the contrary.
As to any employee carrying off from the State farm or whether I heard of such a thing, in the last year or year before la:st, since it has been under my supervision, any produce from that farm, such as corn or hay. Now, that thing comes to me, Mr. Hollinshead was carrying corn to hiS' home; well, I investigated the matter and I found that he had carried corn to his home, but it was carried there to feed the horse that the State furnished him; he goes home every night and feeds the horse at home every night when he gets there; he is out using the horse most every day, the State allows him a horse and he had carried corn there to feed the horse, that's all.
The State doesn't now furnish him coal, they used to-used to furnish him and the Steward both, but that was cut out at the last election, last October; it had up to then been furnished him by the State, that was one of the perquisites, but in October when he was re-elected, that was cut out; they was furnishing the Steward fuel, but they stopped furnishing him fuel two vears a:go, I think, and they are not furnish-
631

. ', '
~: ::>J
-.:~ ~ +~
I
i
I-
~ i
', .'l .\ ........

--

normal temperature; it iS' 98.5; the normal respiration goes from 13 and 14 up ; normal pulse 72 ; I taken it sometimes every two hours or three homs; the instructions were w1~ote down on the chart, and every one hour and two and three hours apart; I wou~d administer the nourishment to the patients a,s directed, one, two and three h01Jrs,-just what the directions of the Doctor would be; I was able to ascertain whether one. was seriously sick and likely to die; as to what would the pulse run, about, and respiration, in a serio11sly sick patient, it would run about 40, and if it runs to 40, I would call in the Physician. if it runs way up; I don't understand what is meant by an intermittent pulse; I called the Physicians during the night when I was there, p. number of times, and they responded; I can use the. hypodermic needle, I had to use it occasionally, but by the Physicians' orders always.

_ I was there at night exclusively, I ain't there in the day-time; I don't know whether the chaplain visited the sick in the day-time or not;. I _was there at night.

I never did know of any cruel or rough treatment amongst any of the patients.

I didn't know either Dunnington or Pool while they were inmates there.

;.,_ I have a lot of friends who are inmates there at

..the Sanitarium, I have no immediate relatives there.

'

-

I left the employ of this Institution on account

of my health, my health got bad and I went away on

that cause.

dl66

and that's all that they allow them to buy; they get the goods at cost and pay five per cent. extra, to the Asylum just for the purpose of handling, it is done just for the convenience of the officers-allow them to get their provisions.
As to whether Hollinshead makes an entry or keeps a book of all products raised on that farm, he keeps account of it in some way or other, he charges up to labor to the debtor and credit side; he keeps account of all such as that; I don'tlmow what kind of a set of books he keeps, I .think he just keeps a sort of memorandum book, he makes a report every month, but no itemized account or anything like that until the end of the year, he gets 'all of his data together at the end of the year and makes an itemized statement of it.
Nothing raised on the place is sold unless by my consent; the cotton is sold by order of the Board of Trustees ; we don't sell any corn at all, we use the corn we raise on the place, we don't sell any of it at an, what we don't feed to the stock, we use for bread purposes.
To go back to that testimony thwt we had this morning, that young lady made the statement that there waS' nurses detailed from the wards, to the neglect of their patients, to do cooking for the Matron and the Steward. I have this to say about that; we do detail nurses to go to the kitchen to cook fruits in the fruit season, things of that sort, because it is convenient to detail them, and we couldn't go out and hire cooks every time we wanted to put up
633

.'\

I didn't attend to the table for them; I had charge of the ward; I didn't go to the dining room.

I didn't duck any while I stayed there.

Tbe blue-room haa criminals in it-I g-uess that's what you call them,-thcise that they send there. for murdering and such; I didn't put anybody in impriS'onment. while I was there; I had no need to put anybody in there at all.

The kind of food I got there to eat was just like the patients gets,-hominy, hash, a little light bread, rolls, coin bread; I guess that was proper food for me; I got hungTy between meals; the rations was about like they usually be, I guess ; I didn't hear any of the patients complaining about being hungry, on the warcf" wh~re I was; I live in Midway now; I'm not working now, I just got up from being sick, -had a si~k spell; I live near Doctor whitaker's; I have worked for him for four yeais. He is the Assistant Superintendent, I think, at the Asylum,State 'Sanitarium; I don't live on his land now, and don't work for him now; I haven't talked to nobody about what I was going to swear in this case; I haven't talked to those other negroes; nobody asked me what I was going to swear in this case..

I have never seen any maltre~tment or cruel

treatment administered to any of the negroes while.

I was in that employment, and I was discharged

from the Sanitarium; I don't know what it was for;

as to whether I _did neglect my duty, or I wouldn't

have let them fight; I stopped them as soon as I

' ' ~

seen them, of course; I reckon they did hurt each

. ~ ._ ;,
363
. I
. :i

I

nurses, we have stopped that, we don't allow our nurses to go out, because they can get trained nurses, whereas, a few years ago there was no trained nurses in the community, and sometimes, in very sick cases, where there was a party that wanted a nurse real bad, sometimes Dr. Powell would allow one to go out; now, that was not at all to the hurt of the Institution, it was only in instances where we could spare a nurse; frequently we have had calls where we refused, because we couldn't spare the nurse-it was only where we could spare the nurse that they were allowed to go out under those conditions. As to those nurses being used to nurse members of the Physicians' families; if a Physician has a member of his family that is very sick, sometimes they are allowed to go out and attend on them.
As to whether I believe the patients there could be given more attention if the businesS' part of that was severed-take that duty off of me and let some business man :finance-or rather, look after the :financial part of the concern, the farm and all-my idea of it would be, we have got all the business men there that we need, we have to trust these men that we have, to a certain extent; we have got men at the head of these different departments, worthy men and trustworthy men; I don't care how many men you have, you have to trust somebody.
The Superintendent, of course, don't have anything to do :with the waiting on the patients, now, we have in every department a Doctor who is responsible, to look after the patients, a certain number of patients to each, and he makes reports to me. I am
635

hungry then. I never heard them complain of being hungry between dinner time and supper, because as usually, they got more to eat for dinner than they did for breakfas~. For supper they got a slice of light bread, syrup. and coffee. Those pones of light bread are about so (indicating), and they split them just so (indicating about in half). They have no meats for supper at all; no more than the special meals-the sick meals; they gave meat for a special sick meal, a slice of bacon- and steak.
Sometimes I do see a negro when he isn't hungry. I expect some of those old men got as much or more than they got when they were at horne.
. If I knew of any cruel. treatment or maltreatment on the part of Doctor Jones or i:my of the attendants, against these negro patients, I sure would tell it.
I haven't got any kin-folks in there-nobody that's any kin to me an inmate there.
My friendship for Doctor vVhitaker, and .because I once worked for him, wouldn't make me tell a lie, if Doctor Jones' and those people were treating those people badly or cruel~Y; my desire is to tell the truth all my days-I try to.

As far as I know, I think the State is doing the best they can for those old people out there.

They cut a loaf of that bread into two slices,

. just take a loaf of_that bread and cut it right in two,

and give them each a half a loaf, they are small and

they just split them in half; they get a half of a loaf

.~::;j

I

'370

I . 1

r
i l

:.only ~eed one head for ari institution like that. I ~am n'ot an experienced bookkeeper; as to wh~ther I 'know whether a' man keeps proper books or not; :the Ttustees are supposed to look after that ;we have
a Finanee Committee that keeps up with that. 'As to
whether we have on that Board an experienced bookkeeper, I don't know what they are. It is true that an:y institution in the world-with two heads that there is always confusion, and that it will . disintegrate, that is the history of everything; you don't ,:need;two heads for anything, you onl:y need one head.

I approve .the bills; no bills are paid without my approval. That does not necessarily take very much of my time; the pay roll there per month is ten or twelve thousand dollars; I couldn't say exactly what part of my time it takes to see that these bills are . correct~exmnine and. approve them. It. does not .take at least half of my time. The business part o'f .it don't take at least half of my time, I divide it upI give attention wherever it is mostly needed; as to whether it is true what the greatest part of my time is taken up with the business part of it and not with the patients; well, I look after all of it; -whether it is true that the business part of it take? more of my time than the medical part of it, I couldn't tell you which department requires. most of my attention; I try tq go to see. the sick every day as near as possible, if I am not too busy, and I try to keep up with the acute cases. If I were relieved of the business part of it, whether I would have more time to devo1te to dhe sick; -well, we have ten or twelve Doctors there,
: and I think they are competent to look after the

J

637

...\
'

far as anybody choking- one, I have never seen it or lmowed of it; I haven't ever seen any of the attendants illtreat them in any way; those that wasn't able to go to the table or was too feeble to go to the table, to go to the dining- room and eat, it was carried to them by the attendants-the attendants taken it to them when they was too feeble to go to the dining- room; the patients had enought to eat-never could hear them complaining, if one didn't have enoug-h to eat, tlie attendant taken his and gave it to him and he went to the kitchen and got his the best way he coulcl-I have clone it myself lots of times, g-ave my dinner to the patients, lots of times, and g-o to the kitchen and get some for _~yself; the attendants eat in the same dining room that the patients did; they had a regular dining room there, and I would see that everybody got seated and got his meals before they ever undertook to eat anything themselves, they went around and got the meal fixed and got all the patients in there and seen all of them seated and eating their meals and prope.rly cared for before they started to eating-; the attendants there cleaned up the floors,. and the patients sometimes help them, whenever they wanted to-I never lmowed one that was ~orcecl to help us; I never did tell one I would do him a job if he didn't help, if we needed his help we asked him if .he didn't want to help, but he didn't have it to do, we never: forced any of them in any way to help, I never lmowed o:ne to be; I didn't give those that helped work and keep the floor cleaned up nicely, and things like that, any more grub than those that didn't help, all of them was treated alike on the
373

have no way. of learning the worth of the property of eaoh patient that's in there.
We buy I expect at least $30,000.00 worth of fuel a year for that Institution, that would include ten or twelve tons of coal perhaps; the Board of Trustees makes those purchases, wherever they can buy it the cheapest on a contract; it is delivered by the railroads on the premises; we have no way of weighing the coal there, no way of :finding out whether the capacity is :filled or. not, we have no railroad scales, -we have discussed the matter, the Board has discussed the matter, and wanted to do it but we have never felt like we were able to do it; the way it is now, it is left largely with the railroads to .furnish the stuff, it is left absolutely with them, we have to take their weights, just as they furnish it to uS'.
Now, in looking over the testimony that I gave before the Committee, I :find that I am ma'de to say that we have one attendant to about every three hundred or three hundred and forty patients; that is an error, of eourse; I suppose about one to every ten or twelve would be proper; and then again, allowing Physicians away from the Sanitarium, it was asked if I ever knew .of an instance where there wasn't as much as three on the place, and I am made to say I think I do; I didn't intend to convey that sort of idea; what I inten'ded to say was that I never allowed but two or three away, if they want to be away fqr a day, but frequently I did allow as many as half of them off for an hour or two, to go to town or anything like that; we have upon an average of '"n Physicians there; the charge has been made that
639

.mg room first, where all th,e patients are, and the other two dining rooms was just sick wards, wasn't but a few people there-and the big dining room the whole building went to that dining room-called the big dining room; I have seen Dr. Longino at the dining room, at the meals, when the meals were divided up to the different inmates, watching the amount of food given to each one of the patients there, superintending it generally; I don't know of any patient while I stayed then~ , that Dr.. Longino
neglected in any way attending to, and I know of
no cruelty having been inflicted upon anyone there. We at.tendants. never had any whiskey in there, that .I couid tell; there wasn't any w~1iskey in there, i:q that ward; I had some whiskey there to carry to my father; I had it in a closet, inside of the Sanitarium; I told J?r. Longino, I taken him in there and unlocked the door and let him see it: to S'ee that there wasn't nothing wrong about it-I told him I wanted to carry it home, and Dr. Garrett was treating on my father; how came me to mention it to Dr. Longino; somebody that I lmowecl here, told Dr. Longino that I had it, and I showed it to him and I wanted him to know why I had it; I didn't touch a drop while on duty, and none of the other negroes drank it, it had never been unsealed; I reckon I was discharged for having that there at the Sanitarium; he didn't say, but I was immediately discluirged after they found I had that whiskey there; I just had one quart; I wasn't, accused ,of selling liquor; I don't know nothing about that-it wasn't told me that way; I ain't one of tli:ose traveling blind tigers.
'374:

\''
' patient, I believe, before the Committee, he was a very rational fellow, and since Mr. Carswell was there, I have discharged him and he has gone home.

vVe have a great many patients there that I think C'oulcl be cared for at home, in the Counties. As to whether; I think the Sanitarium is being made the clumping ground for the different Counties, well, I wouldn't like to put it so strong.

It wn.s moved and seconded, to allow in evidence
an affidavit, signed by J. Edgar'Thompson, and upon
being put to a vote, the motion prevailed; the affida-
.. vit is as follows:
"MT. AmY, GA., Nov. 19th, 1909.

t~.}d~;~,{,~*(\)iJ;,.~,~;~~~;jf/c~~);;'(j,j[ifdent' etc.'

.

.

.

.i.vlY JJEAR Sm: As the Sanitarium management

is being investigated I thougl1t that the testimony

(unsolicited) of fL former inmate inight be accepta-

ble to unbiased and unprejudiced minds.

I was an inmate for nearly four years at different times under the former and present administrations. I was located at different times on six or seven different wards. I never saw any cruel h;eat- ment of inmates, and, found that the patients were allowed every liberty consistent with their personal safety, and measured by their personal conduct.

I never have seen more cleanliness anywhere where numbers we:r:_e congregated. The rooms are cleaner than any boarding house. Bathing iS' com-

,l

-'c: .:,~~. ~~~si-"'C... ~.'!-~:r~~~ . .:.," -~

be{ore I lmowed it and I left it burning and it caught my bed afire.
I was sleeping in the ward there with the inmates; I clidn 't discover~t afire, Mary Ann Curry did, and I put it out then and Dr. Jones then put me out.
I am sixteen years old; this thing happened m July of this year.
At this poi:rit the hearing was adjourned until Saturday, November 13th, 1909, at 8:30 o'clock, a.m., to re-convene in the parlors of the Georgia Sta~e Sanitarium, at Milledgeville, Georgia.

MILLEDGEVILLE, GA., November 13, 1909.

. II

Pursuant to adjournment, the hearing was re-

I

. sumed in the p~rlors of the Georgia State Sanita-

rium on Saturday, the 13th day of November, 1909,

at 8:30 o'clock, a.m., and the following proceedings

were had and testimony taken:

MISS MAUD WILLIAMS, Sworn, testified:
- I was an inmate of the Georgia State Sanitarium; I remember .the month and the year that I came here though not the exact date of the month-December, 1906, and I left_here April of the next year, 1907; I was always treated well, I was treated kind, here, from the very :first clay I came here; I remember
376
.. ,
' .~

The following was also admitted in evidence:
''MILLEDGEVILLE, GA., Aug. 28th, 1909.
vVe, the undersigned patients in the Male ConvaJescent building of Georgia State Sanitarium desire to express to the authorities of said Institution om satisfaction with the management of the same as far as we are concerned or personally have knowledge.
vVe regret the sensational charges of gro:;s mismanagement mnde against tlw Institution nnd believe them greatly exaggerated if not absolutely false. 'l'he attendants with whom we have been associated have been kind, courteous, attentive to our wishes and welfare and considerate of our needs when we were ill. 'The food, while not sumptuous, is wholesome and sufficient and we think is ns good as the limited appropriation will permit. vVe have no complaint to make of our treatment.
This statement is made voluntarily, without the suggestion or knowledge of any official or employee of the Institution.
Harry L. 1-Iames, vVm. Troy Kelly, Brantley L. Estes, Wm. Merrill, ReY . .J olm K Amos, Albert A. Hopper, 0. f. Stansell, ]1'. A. Jenkins, .T. E. Simmones, Chas. H. Harris, M. D., P. H. Blanchard,

.::. .-.....,

larly-and the clothing- was comfortable durin_g the

day, it was sufficient at night, also. I don't lmow

exactly what was the trouble with me, the Doctors

didn't tell me what was the matter with me; I became

better after I left here, and recovered my present

healtp, though I think if I hadn't got the treatment.

that I did while here, I couldn't have lived, because

the weakened condition that I carne in I don 1t think

I could have lived if I hadn't received the treatment

that I did while I was a patient here; Dr. Powell was

here then; Dr. Powell and Dr. Mopley was the two

Physicians that had charge ofrne. I think the treat,.

ment I received here. saved my life and saved my

mind,. and coming here was the g-reatest help and

benefit to me; after I got my mind badr, I naturally

improved when I went home; if I hadn't g-ot the

treatment that I did while I was- here, I couldn't

I
I

have lived, though I think the after-treatment really restored me-l know the after-treatment that I re-

ceived after I left here really restored me; the

Sanitarium treatment put me on the road to re-

covery; and my physicians at home did the :final

finishing touches, as it were; I was here from De-

cember to April; my mind was good while I was here;

from the start, all the time that I was here-, there

wasn't a time that I couldn't remember, that my

mind wasn't perfectly cl~ar while I was here; I

didn't see any mistreatment of the other patients

while I was here; I think they treated all the patients

as well as they did me.

I saw lady patients put in what's called the blueroom, while I was an inmate here; I don't remember

378

18,

31,

June 2,

14,

14,

22,

July 9,

10,

15,

28,

Aug.10,

20,

25,

Sep. 14,

Oct.

10 ~,

16, 19,
~5,
29, Nov. 4,
8, 10~,
'))
~~,

Paid Dentist, ----------- .40
Paid s. Simpson_________ 6.05
Paid Dentist, ----------- 7.00 Paid J. F. BelL_.________, 1.00 Paid J. F. BelL_,_______ c... 1.65
Paid s. Simpson_________ 3.35
By Cash, - -- -- -- -t------Paid J. F. BelL _________ .50 Paid S. Simpson __,_______ .45 Paid J. ],, BelL_.________ .50
Paid s. Simpson_______.__, 4.60
Paid .J. F'. BelL _________ .50 Paid S. Simpson _________ 1.15
By Cash, ----1-----1- -'- -- -1
By Cash, --------------Paid S. Simpson_________ 3.15 Paid J. ]'. BelL ___,______ 2.30 Paid J. ]'. BelL _________ .25 Paid J. l'' BelL_,________ 2.80 Paid S. un (.,i' npson __,__,_____ .40 Pnid J. }1,, BelL _____,____ 4.85
By Cash, - ----------- -'-Paid .J. F. BelL ___,______ 2.30 Paid J. 1<,. BelL _________ 3.45 Cash on hand ____,________ .50
---
$94.30

5.00
10.00 5.00
5.00
---
$94.30

Georgia, Baldwin County,
You, L. J. Lamar do swear that you are Steward of the Georgia State Sanitarium, and that the above
\H5

tendants to do anything for me that they failed to do it and refused to do it for me; I was treated all right, in every way by everybody connected with the Institution.
MRS. F. 0. WILLIAMS, Sworn, testified:
I am the mother of Miss Maud vVilliams, who was just sworn and testified; I remember wl~en my daughter was an inmate of this Institution; I visited her only one time and that was in April, just before I took her home, the last of April; what caused me to come, I knew that she was in bad health, we had a letter from Dr. Powell that she was confint:d to her bed; that she was likely to die at any time, and if we wanted to bring her home to come after her; at the time I came here, she was in the bed, perfectly helpless-she was just a skeleton; the day that I was there the head nurse gave her her dinner, she didn't eat it at all; she could eat, though, when I took her home just a week from then, she fed herself always afterwards; she wanted to go home, I guess, was why she didn't eat what the head nurse gave her. Dr. Powell and Dr. Mobley both told me that it was consumption; Dr. Powell told me he didn't think she would live until I got her to Athens, Georgia, that night, and Dr. Mobley told me she would die; they gave me some strychnine tablets, I believe it was, and gave me milk for her, plenty of sweet milk and
380

she immediately' ralliecl; he did a little operation 01Y

her throat-clipped a little off the ~palate-he said

that was the cause of her mind being. impaired att~e

:first. Before Dr; Carlton came, my daughter grad-_

ually improved, from the time I .took cha;rge of her,

up to the time the doctor came; just as soon as I took

her home she improved-she didn't. have the con-.

.

'

sumption, she just needed liver medicine~blue rna$~

and turpentine, and such as that, that's all she

needed; I took her home, and a day or two after I

got her there I gave her a good big dose of blue mass

.and turpentine, and I waited about two weeks and

gaye her the second dose and she got well; I told Dr.

Carlton about it when I got home, and he gave her

about two courses of medicine-'he said it wasn't no

' .'ll .. .... . o~..:.-:

use for him to come, the courses of medicine he gave

her was the consumption treatment; he gave her

,

about two or three courses of very strong medicine

and he sprayed her throat for two or three months

until she got able for her throat to be operated on;

at that time, when Dr; Carlton saw her, he told me he

couldn't tell if she had consumption, he made an

examination and said he couldn't tell, and he gave

her the medicine though, for consumption, she had

weakened clown so, she took two or three courses of

that medicine.

The only complaint I have to make against her

treatment or anything else by the Sanitarium, is that

the Physicians made a mistake in the treatment, .she

just didn't have _any treatment at all, except this

tonic; she clicln '.t have the right sort of medical

l':

treatment.

382

MJ!SS MAUD WILLIAMS ( Reflalled, testified :
I would like to state that \\ f1i1e I was in the bed, previous to going away from here, that it was only with my toes-that it was one of my toes that was sore, and not my real weakness that would cause me to go to becl; it was for another cause, rather than from weakening down-of course I wasn't any weaker than I had been, I don't think; my toe wasn't hurt by anyone, it was natural causes.
-
DOCTOR J. W. MOBLEY, Recalled, testified:
Mr. Chairman, I would just like to state, in relation to cases like that, they frequently have signs of tuberculosis, and whenever they are that way, and the family can take them home judiciously, we always advise it. Of course-there's only a few medical men on your Committee-why it's perfectly possible to be mistaken in the first physical signs of tuberculosis; you might have a tuberculous enteritis or tubercular diarrhma, and we have no way of telling whether that is tubercular or not, without going through an extensive process of culture, inoculation of rabbits, guinea pigs and things like that, but in people who are nervously affected, they frequently develop a diarrhma or frequently develop a cough, without showing any very positive signs of tuberculosis. Now, if we told her she had consumption, we had every reason in the world for thinking so, and
3~4

patient to send them home, even if they do have to corrie back to the Sanitarium. I'm not talking of her mental condition, I was talking about her tubercu., losis; if she had people that were able to take care of her, it was better for her to go home, if her mind warranted it. . We have almost. abandoned the practice of sending them. home ou discharges. I have a few patients that, in my judgment, ought to be s~nt horrie now; the reason for keeping them here when they are able to be sent home, is, in the first place, they: are committed here as being insane, and we have to observe them a certain length of time to really be certain whether they are insane or not; it is a very hard matter to explain-:--"a.patient might oftentimes be here for a month and appear to be very little the matter with him, and yet they might have delusions and imp'ulsive. tendencie(3 that are really dangerous; oftentime.s that class of patients are really dangerous, and it is too b~g a responsibility to anybody that knows anything about insanity just simply to look at, a case once or twice and say that case is not insane-it won 'twork, and as my long experience has sho;wn, we have to be very careful about those things. Now, as regards-discharges, it was formerly- a rule. that patients,. who were discharged as cured, that w.a;y; th~ State paid their way home, and. that was; one rea~ on why -we ha:ve tried to: abandon th~ dis~ charge_plan, in order to have their families come.and g,Elt them and pay their own way, you see,. because some of them would go home and stay a week, :r;naybe, and; it-;woulcl just be a railroad fare thrown away, an:d :t,wdo:nbtedly, in. a whole lot of cases; unnece;:h
3813

j .I
.... ' j .... i -., ;~
'

_s};le ;W):tS . ~xcee4iJ?.gly. :da-lJ.gerous at, hor.ne,. ?tnd, at tim.~s, ~:l)J.SLD\a<;a!; .-when, we are .confrolft<?d .vyith .a
ques~ion)ike that,. or a co;mplaiiJ.~ Iike .thEJ,t, it is very
h~Jrd to dec~de; our opinion, is, ,th,at she,is Sl~fficiently well to st~y at pome, wesent,her home and slie ca,me hack, /ast ~eek.
!As yve ~1~Y.e f>J.~t~q"whe!1eVE:)r_a pati~nt is, vio.lently !IJ.{trt~, ;w:eJ p_11t per, vyi1~re you. all ci)Jl the. :hlne~room-:--:,it 's ,j,gt _SiJ.IJP~Y a rqqm ,-wh~re s;he, ca.n 't, hlJrt ;herself .orv..ai-ry);{~\dY e}se; it .isn't bl_ue at .all,---:vye ,;make no ,(li~tjp<;tio;n. )Ve l;l~ye ip. t;he .ln,stit.:tttion h~r.e quite .a P,;t].tgg~r,pft.9l!ltu:r;f?.cl a.nd,:rep:p.~d, rpe_n. ~n.d )W,O,n;t~n ;, ~l$ ~o YY]J..~tp,erJhey ,are just. thr.ovy:n)njhe-_war.ds-inq.is.flJ~llljp~1~~Y;~itP. rt)le t ;m_oi;e, ,Qegraded, ..r,ougher, cl~ss -9ft.paf,\5lJits, 1Ml,d 1all ,of- them ;mi~e.d up tqge,thGr, jt ~l~p!'J:nfl~1 J!n1 their Ip.ental eon(jitio;n,, take .my!Self:--;-.;if. I
iYt,~S iYl0.1~Rt1Y #J.s;,~pe, :I -wopld haye tp.. be Pl0-ce~ton a
tyYtard,w4!=JretJ!.~y c(::mld eont1,ol:IJ.le, pr where-they~had
t.o tfl.eHip.'~/}P,.\3 CO!;J-Jrol.me;. :we clas,sify jhE;lm so .as .to
p~tJpe J:!l():N r,e:fined ._and .cultured. peopJe >together, ;w,:P.er,e rtp~re ~.QPld be -more , congeniality ar.nong
Jl;te[U; ,;afJer ~they .get: mentally .qualified .to occupy
tlto.s.e . q;l;tfq'ters ;. you taJl:e t]J.e:~eception,:Wm;d:--I have
~a:~~_ee~ptipn. Warq" ap.tall1new cases. a,.:re. reeeiyed on
~pqt-J\)~rd, ,aml-T_:Qave some .as refined ladies, on :that m.ard ~a.s .yq~n .could find in Georgia, and :t}1ey :Pave no
9-e.Bir.e.to- le_ave.that ward at all; we often--'-I have had
tl;lmp. 1to. cry ,freqp~ntly,. simply pecause they. had, to !~.a~e:t4eJ~I:lC<?ption :VVa~d~I cEm?t. E)Xplain that at; all
:-:-;w;e,,qK,ten:Ip.ake enemies-1 l1ad a pa:tiept.just a;few df!.Y:S~.a;g9-,r,ef~?e 7to ~peak to me-a young)a!ly fr.om ~~;v;anna~, .si:rpply beca:use. she-;was moved -from the
388

it is an open question-of course, the majority of them come back, another jury from that same place will re-commit them ;,now, of course, it is a very hard question to determine, as I say; this Mrs. Young, I think sh.e has been here, this is her third time, she has been here about a week; just taking her as an example, possibly-I have two on my service of that character at this time, there may be some others, no doubt there is, throughout the Institution, as I recall several, but we are up against it just that way-we send them home, they stay there a variable time, and they re-commit them; there is considerable cost to the jury, and the county-I mean considerable cost to the county, not to the jury, and that's the question that arises, that is, I have had, and I know Dr. Jones has, in his experience here, considerable complaint; we sent home at one time 70 patients, and I think the most of them came back.
Just the physician in charge of the case passes on the question as to whether a patient shall be discharged, and then he reports that to the Superin~ tendent; one physician keeping constantly in obser'vation of it, one man, I would rather have his opinion than forty others-what he says is worth more than all the others put together.
The Reception Ward, that's when a patient first comes here, she is transferred to the ward where she goes under observation for a certain length of time, she is examined mentally and physically, notes are taken and observations made by the numes, of certain physical and mental conduct or
390

been some difference in the shaJ?eS o them, ~ believe

they will from. now on be in the same kind; as to

whether the different forms of insanity is decreasing

or increasing, those things are pretty well :fix~d~

certain forms of insanity recover, it is a matter of

opinion whether any case permanently recovers for

all time; statistics have been made by different ob-

9ervers, men of long experience, in which, out of a

thousand patients in certain institutions, it is notic~d

that population of th~t kind, going through a number

of years, a large per cent. of that population ~ill con-

sist of the same patients, over and over again; we

have just as many recoveries here as anywhere, that

is, anywhere from in?luding the maniac dep:cessive

type, which is a favorable type; I have got a good

many patients I am going to send home; we don't

send them' home just as soon as they clear up, that

',

way; they are restored so far as we can see, it may

be permanent!~, but as a matter of history, we can't

say, nobody can say th.at the mind is permanently

restored, but as soon a:s we are thoroughly satisfied

in our own :mind that they are sufficiently restored,

we send them home ; I certainly wouldn't keep a

patient here whom I thought was not insane, on

account of friends or relatives of the patient asking

me to keep them; I would recommend to the Superin-

tendent, and I think he would send them home; there

are none kept here with the view, from a friendly

standpoint, of covering anything of a family char-

acter, on accol-int of the standing_ of the patient.; we

are keeping them for the good of the patien.ts, and

observing them, so as to be positive whether they

nre sane or insane.

392

. lJ

.

accounting for the fleet of the human mind; and as I .

:

say, we have to be very careful about expressing

opinions as to whether this man or this lady is sane

or insane, because it subjects us to very severe and

harsh criticism.

JUDGE RICHARD JOHNSON, Sworn, testified:

If we took the .pToceeds of the stuff that we get

fTom the dairy into consider.ation, it would be more

than :fifty cents per day per capita; now, as I under-

. i

. stand, the principal part of our products comes from

. .

:::.<;1

the Col01iy-that wouldn't increase the per" capita-

in other words, we say that-if the appropriation is

$400,000.00, and we make, say $10,000.00, there is'

one-fortieth inore; thenif your per capita is 35 cents

a day, you are adding one-fortieth to that, aren't

you~ Therefore, it is less than 36 cents; now, the

reason that has not been :figured in as part of our

income is this: Originally when the colony was set

up, it wasn't for the purpose of money-making at all,

we just simply thought it was best for the Institution

-that Colony was put on foot by Dr. Powell and the

Board before I came here, it isn't run yet for that

pmpose; it is just assuming th.at appeai'ance, be-

cause several of the gentleman have asked ''why

don't you use that as part of your income?'' vVell,

we do use it as part of our income, and our reports

show it, but you must remember that it re~uces to

that extent the amount of money that we spend-I

3lH

.- - : ..

I
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.I

Judg.e L.aw:son.theiJ. prQceec1!3d to read a rep9rt by... tlw,,Boa;rd .of Trustee$ to t~et C_om_mitte,e,. as. follows: ~

'' JJ;Jr:. Chai_1man p,nd Gentlemen : . The Committee

!-

ass~nting, the Trustees of the State Sanitarium beg

leave tq submit .the following supplement. to the re-

P?rts .heretofore made to you,. to-wit:

'' 1. A table from the Annual Reports for 1908:: of 86 Sanitariums, etc., located in 34 States, including the District of Columbia, showing,the number of patients treated in each' one, and the yearly and .! daily expenses to each patient.

'' 2. A table from the. same sources showing.the
numberof deaths therein from all causes, the.J)umber of deaths from tuberculosis; and the percentage-~ of deaths -from-tuberculosis. Also, showing the per-centage of deaths from t1lberculosis among the negroes 'sepm~ately.

"3.: Also. a comparative statement of.the.per-:. centage:of deaths among tl1e white populationiil,., the13e institutions, taken .by States,, from all caus.es,., and the .percentage of. deaths from tuberculosis.

"4.. A report recently:mp,de .by .Drs. Wrigl1-t1 .. Hall and Block,: .to the Trustees of the ,Sanitarium,::.
''All the foregoing documents now being in the hands of the -Committee.
''vve.-.suggElst ._al~o: .the following Jeg}slation :in,:. behalf of the Sanitaripm :, :
39,6. ~ ..'

''-This change in the law would relieve from confinement in filthy jails, awaiting trial, manyrefi.ned and, respectable people who are not criminals, but sufferers from the direst calamity that can befall ahuJ?an being.

'',5~ So that in trials for lunacy or oth~n' cause authorizing a commitment to the Sanitaril'tm, the Grdiiiary of the county shall preside over the court; administer oaths and examine witnesses.. He shall appoint a guai'dian ad litem for the person to be
tried, and in every case, the evidence shall be takim
down in writing, and a certified copy thereof, in case of' committal, shall be sent to the Sanitaril.1m ttlong with' the patient, and the Superintendent shall be authorized to refuse such patient unless a copy of the evidence shall be so furnished.

\ ;"q.- So that any person who brings a pfltient to
the. Sanitarilun,. and who sh0,ll without the consent
qf pw_ Superintendent, leave or abandon such patient
qJ;~,,the., l>anitarium grolmds, shall he arrested and tried for' the same in the courts of -Baldwin ~ounty,
having jurisdiction of criminal offenses, and on con-/
victio'n,; shall be pli.nished as for a misdemeanor.
l_ ~... ~ :.'" , ' '

. '''7. ;. So that the Trustees may have power t'o
s~le'ct an attorney at law as their legal adviser.

The Board of Trustees, by its President,

-~ 7. i:. ' . .
-~ ' .

Tiros. 0. LAWSON.

the~ that way. I give them bed-side training every

dEJ,y, as I go through the wards and in the sick rooms

'""l !

....

. '

'

,.

~W:h-~~ever the sick ~re; I hStve them tp as~emble il1.

f} fOPJ: a:pc} give ~hem ~.~ctures; l~ave:p 't rece~tly'

though; I alw~;tys tell them to read, as I d~d in my

tr,~iuipg, pefore they IJ:J._easure thei;. medicin.es: bef~~e

...

I 1.., ~ '

I

-

. -



, ,

t

,

.-

~

t~~! g;o po giye it? to rep,d the ~abel, and after (hey

~~ye m~asur!'ld the medicine, be~ore ~hey put the_

pqtfl,e up, read the label agaip, to see that they

~avert 't mac1e any mistake; I don't rec~Jl t!IE}t I have

I1qq ~.ny :nurse under my control who gaye the wrop.g

medici:rw to a patient; I don't think I have anyone

') ~

' ' ; _. '

'' ' ''I '

'

.



'

.

now. und,er my (:ontrol or in the employment of this

.<" f

)r,

,,

I

'



'

'

'

'

IrwHtl}tiop vyho ~s ~ot capacit.ated tq read ap,q

~~,<?ro~g~1ly l}l).der(3tflll~ the prescrip~iop.S a.S hallqeq
t?. t~wm py. t!Je Phy~i.cia:!f.~; I think they 1:1re ap pro-

~pi.~~~; .as !).early SQ as th~t untraine4 C~~SS pf gir1s~

can be.



-,.. , .. c

vVe employ single la?ies, usually, not always, we

hav~ some mq,rried ones employed here; aU of them

i
I.

are required to rema;in in the, building; they m;e

GtCces(3ib~e at any hour of the dqy or night, i:ri cas.e of

an emerg.ency; I have neve1~ been on the wards. day

or night, and not found a nurse at both ends of the

wards, we call it, on lo~g wards-they are: always.

the:r:e. I have not found. any of ~y nurses guilty. of-

cruelties of any 1\ind toward::; the pa~ients since I

have been here; I believe I woi.lld have. seen any .

cruelty. if it was inflicted by any of the nurses, be-

i

Cl:1USe the nurses never know when I am going on

I.

the wards, or when I am on the wards; I have been,

on the ward day. and night-any hour of the day or

400.

../ 'i

'::.::-1
';!

t,4ey don't want to; they don't force them to work;

I

usually the nurse can get them to work without force;,

as an expert, in my opinion, the food is sufficient that.

these patients receive here, and the preparation of it

is proper; I understand thoroughly, preparing food

for sick people; we have a diet kitchen for the sick

people. I have seen no neglect upon the part of any.

of the authorities here, in any way, towards any of

these patients. If those nurses who are under me

had shorter hours, they would be better able to.

qualify themselves for the duties they are perform-

ing,. in the way of studying and taking lessons; and

if they had rooms off the wards they would, because

a~ it is, their rooms are on the ward, and if they

i. i

should go to their rooms to study or anything, they

all know it-it's always where the patients are

always around them; if they had a.place fixed up for

them, a home for nurses, on the grmmds here, or

near here, it would be convenient to get them in cases

of emergency, with telephonic communications, they

could readily come if the-y: were needed in for .any of

the patients. There is someone alway~; on duty to

atti:md to the immediate needs of emergency patients

at night; the nurses are always present during the

day, all the time; they work from sun-up in the

morning until nine o'clock at night; the day nurses

are on duty that time.

. They begin with $12.50, and the assistants, after they are here the :first year, they get $14.09 and $16.00 and $17.00 and the head nurses get $20.00 a month wages.

40?-

to !Say; because if it .was anything that cthey-- could -hurt themselves with, you .know sometimes they; would get angry in. playing a game 'ancl even if .the' nurse.was. there-rig:ht by them, they might hul't some~ one; I mean in using sometliinglike a croquet mallet; but musical-instruments, in..the way: ofa piano; 01~ 01~gan,. L am. sure -they would appreciate' it; . we haven!t anything .in the. way of reading:matter on the cwaras, but in-the library they: have~ they. could use more of. them, though, if they had: them; tliey , always like to read-a great many of the'm}I think~ it would be a good idea to have these,libl1aries or reading rooms on the ward, or where they could get to them better than they can now; perhaps one in
each buildihg; I think it WOl'lld he a good idea i:fwe
had a good'nurses' home, equipped with libraries and such:as that; I have always thou-ght the I:r;_stitu- ti'on 'Would be better off lif they had one-'-in fact, I' know they would be; I )think the nurses ought t6be removed'en:tirely out of the bl'lildings; that home shoulcl'be'equipped with. musical insh'ltinents and a' reading Toom, such as that; antl have a matron; or something like that, to look after Jtha( a:rid have reading Tooms, and such as that, thing::;, of! that, kind, you know.
There, are really' no married ni:irses; we h~-ve some -widows.

if it was cooked in smaller quantities, I -think it

could be b~tter prepared, I think, than what it is now,

the way they do it now; it is wholesome, the way it

is 'prepared, and clean; the Supervisor has a table,

there's :six of us eats at that one table: Mr. Simp-

son, myself, Mr. Humphreys, the yard man, and Mr.

Bloodworth and 11fT. Lawson, the messenger carrier;

the immediate employees around the building eat

at the table of the Supervisors; we-get exactly the

same food as the patients gets, sometimes we have

extnis, but it _isn't furnished by the State; I never

complain ~bout the food as it is prepared; I don't'

know that I ever heard any man complaining about

it, I don't think I have; there's been some com-

...

!
).f

plaints of the patients D?-ore or less, over both the

.r

quantity and the quality of the food; and we inquire

into it, and go around and look at the plates, if it's a

continual complaint, we visit that one plate to see,

and we always have Mr. Bloodworth to re-furnish

that plate; I never knew anyone to make complaint

aml not to have .it re-furnished. As to whether .

I ever saw that store-room that Mr. Simpson keeps,

I don't know that t~ere's a:ny store-room there, he's

got.-. some few things there that he sells; I have

known that he has dealt in that stuff several years;

the store is at his dwelling house; he keeps a few

things there in the building; I have been knowing

that he has been keeping them there two or three

years ; I have bought from him; he charges the same

pi'ice in his little. place in the building thathe does

01:lt at -the store; I never did see l1im sell any coca-

cola there, or whiskey; I never saw any whiskey

there has been constantly complaints to me- by patients; when a patient complains to me, it is my duty . to investigate it, which I do in all instances; and if I :find there is any ground, I report it to the -Doctor in charge. vVe examine, and if we see any .bruises on him, we report it to the Physician in charge. I knew Mr. Dunnington while he was a patient in the Institution; I neveT saw him ducked over there, nor anybody else; I never saw him nor anybody else beat.

vVhen a patient becomes violent, we have to pU:t

him in the green room, no force is used when we

put them in there, any more than just enough to

overcome him and carry him to the room. In all of

my twenty years experience here, I haven't seen any

rough treatment or mistreatment of any of the

patients; Mr. Simpson is all over the building all the

time; I stay in the ofiice, generally.; I do the Office

work; the things that he keeps there fE>r the patients

isn't in the sa1ne room I stay in, nor in his room;

it's in a room on B ward, around in the front of the building; no one occupies that, it's just a vacant

room; the different attendants that gets this stuff

for the patients, they goes to the ward arid the at-

tendant on the ward there lets him have it; there's

only two of them there, either one of them waits on him; nobody stays in that room for the purpose of furnishing tl~ose things to the clj:fferent attendants

when they come for them; the room is kept locked up;, the attendant on that ward carries the key; Mr.

. . .

Simpson, I suppose, carries it too; the attendants

':~,:~~;

go in there and get it without Mr. Simpson's knowl-

408

what he uses it; I think it is a vacant room, I don't think anybody else uses it.
H. M. GILLMORE, Sworn, testified: .
I am employed at the State Sanitarium, supervising the Colored Department; I have no assistants at the present time; I have nine wards to examine; I make five to six rounds through the building each day, that includes up to nine at night; I have direct supervision over all of those attendants; I keep their time and the like of that. I have been here something over twelve years. I wouldn't know hardly what class to class my attendants, in; there's some pretty good darkeys; I hav~ no darkeys over there that's turbulent and want to fight patients, that I know of; they have had some few difficulties since I have been there with them; accused of fighting the patients, maltreating them; in a matter of that kind I would report the matter to the Doctor in charge and the Doctor would discharge them; sometimes we would see the 'Superintendent bef01~e they were discharged. I couldn't say that I have ever reported anyone there that ought to be discharged that wasn't discharged; I haven't any attendant now under my supervision whom I know has been guilty of any e;ruelty to any of the patients; we have one there that's been discharged, and he's back now; that was' discharged for handling a patient roughly, I think His name is H1cks; I don't know anything
410

:food' that-goes on'the attendants' table and the food that's put on the .patient's tables; the!e have to get dt from the' sanie pans; there's no difference only for !the-working men, and they get fried meat and beef-steak for 'breakfast, and hominy 'ancl corn bread; 'that's for the' working cli:),ss of patients, those that -grade and work on the place. I couldn't tell you 'What work they do; I sta:y there in the building; I hear them say-sometimes that they were grading- and :the';like of that,' tlmt they dug around in different places;putting -insewer pipe and such asthat; these \patients are not required to do that work as: I know of ;ii never heard of anyone being-required to-do-it or ,ordered to go to work, only nothing but them emoployees; Ihave heard them ordered to go to work.'them- under me, but not the patients.

During my term of employment at this Institu-

;tion)I have never seen anyonemistreated; no one mis-

:treats those negro peorile over .there; I don't ever

.have any .trouble with them, to keep them quiet; :from :hollering, singing, dancing a~d such' as that.

There's some of them that has to be put in the blue-

_room, locked up sometimes for different thingS', fight-

ing, when we< couldn't do anything with them on the

. outside, disturbing the other patients; we separate

them,-just .put them in there; I have never known

of a_:nyone being put in the lock-up for the reason

that they refused to do manual. labor.

I occupy the s~me position that Mr. Simpson

does, only 1l'm at_ the Colored Building, and he's at

the white; Thaven't in the last 'four or five years,

...

Visited'his place over there where he keepS' merchan-

;-; .

:41Z

-well, it's been a couple of years; I suppose, ago; only one was prosecuted since I have been down there; there was no injury at all inflicted on that patient; he was whipping him with a whip-1 wasn't down there, I was in Milledgeville, and when I came back the negro was gone and they caught him afterwards and he was prosecuted for assault and battery; the extent of the wounds wasn't serio11s.
D. H. HOLLIS, Sworn, testified:
I am employed here at the Institution as attend~ ant on H ward, Whittle Building; I have been here about ten years and about eleven months; during .the time I have been here I do not know of any mal~ treatment of any of the patients under my supervision by any of the attendants. I knew Dunning::ton when he was here; I didn't know of any crue~ treatment ever having been inflicted. upon him; I didn't stay on the ward with hirri but about ten days or two weeks; I didn't have any difficulty with him.
I didn't know Mr. Pool, he wasn't on my ward-.
They don't work the patients unless they want to, we don't force them to work at all, and there is no inducement given to them in the way of better treatment for them to work; there is no difference of treatment towards those who refuse to work and those who do work; they are treated just the same on my ward.
414:

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;:~~~:;~, ~'
~/f,<']

done in time,-if they do and I find it out I turn them out; I know the Doctor won't allow a patient locked up because he won't work, I lmow that, and if it is clone by the attend~nts, it is done against the authorities of this Institution, and especially of the Physcian in charge of the ward; I have heard Doctor Green say to never lock up a man because he worr't work,-he's told me that; if they didn't get rio hefp from the patients at all, general scrubbing, it would be a right smart job,-it could be done, tbough; there's three attendants there, they could no it; with~ out the patients' _help; the reason the patients help is because they are induced to do it by the attendants; I don't know that the reason they ate as1{ed to do it is to take the work off the attendants, specially, but it is to get the work done as quick as possible; it does get the work off the attendants for
the patientS' i:o do lt, of course; I don't ever l'oclr
up any of them in imprisonment for singing, laugh~ ing or enjoying themselves, unless they get too noisy, but I can't recollect locking up one for tl1at lately, but if they get too noisy they have got to be confined.
The Doctor comes around once a day; Doctor Green is in charge of my ward; Doctor Green cer" tainly is attentive and kind to the patients under his charge;, I. never heard him in any way refuse to pay attention to any inmate there when he appealed to him, he listens to them; I have. never seen him refuse to devote attention to one when I thought he needed it, he is very attentive.
I have visited Mr. Simpson's store room in the
416

bacco, chewing and smoking, and it is very convenient for the attendants to go there and get it for them; I suppose that is the purpose of Mr. Simpson.
I have never known of a letter addressed to a patient to be opened before it reached his hands, nor any money to be taken out of a letter coming to a patient. I have S'een one of the attendants there under the influence of whiskey; he isn't working for the Sanitarium now; the attendant was Mr. George Cook. I reckon that has been three or four years ago, something like that; I don't know whether the matter was brought to the attention of Doctor ,Jones or Doctor Powell, whoever was in charge of the Institution at that time; I don't know whether he was discharged for being intoxicated; he was discharged;
1 can't say positively for what; I have heard; after
I saw him drunk, I'm not certain about how long before his discharge, maybe six months-I don't know; I have seen some others that would be drinking some but not under the influence of it to amount to anytl1ing; I clon 't recollect how long ago that has been. I have seen Mr. R. M. Driver under the influence; I have seen attendants away from the building take
a drinl\:; none of those attendants who drank to ex-
tent are in the employment of the Institution now; I don't know that there is any considerable drinking among the attendants or employees of the Institution now; I don't see it.
OhaS'. W. Jones stayed with me on L ward for a while; that's been, I reckon, four years ago; during the time I was on that ward, in charge of Mr. Jones, one morning I asked him to get a rub and rub his

every three or four weeks; I haven't seen a louse on one of my patients since I have been here; we take precautions to prevent that, we cut their hair, keep their hair cut and heads washed.
In regard to the dental work, the patients tell us and T:ve tell the Physicians, S'Olnetimes, and they are earried to the dentist 's office, if they are able to go; if they are not able to go, the Dentist has to come there; if he can save a tooth he does it; .he makes an examination; the State furnishes all such as that, and the Dentist does the work.
I believe it is good for the patients to do light work, take light exercise; Doetor Green has told me never to lock up a man for not working, but he don't object to a man's working if we can induce him to work; he considers it good for him; he says if a man won't work not to make him do it, but he encourages the patients working.
vVhen a patient is locked in this wire-guard or blue-room, if the Physician comes through and sees a door locked, an attendant is with him, and he asks him "what's in-there," and goes and sees; I never had one to go through with me without asking what's in there," and making an investigation to see for himself. It depends on their condition as to how long we keep them in there! if they are very violent we keep them until they get over it and then take them out. I never heard of any threatbeing made to a patient that if he told the Doctor of his mistreatment that he would be handled roughly; I have no recollection of ever hearing of such a threat
420

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'

up the halls-just regular attendants' duties, scrub, scour, whitewash, shave; s.ome of the patients assists us, because they are willing to do so, we encourage it; when I get the work out of the patients that lessens

just that much, my work; we couldn't well keep

up by ourselves and fill outside calls to, if we didn't

have their help, we often have to fill outside calls-

details outside, moving trunks, machines and so one

-most anything that comes up; _they don't send out-

side labor on the female wards to do such things;

they take us from oilr wards to the female wards

to do that kind of work; I never go myself, I gener-

ally send my assistant, unless they specify me to

come, I never leave the hall.

I know Dl1nnington, he was under me two months; there was no cruel treatment inflicted upon him, during that time, only he had some fights with some of the patients; he never had any fights with any of the attendants while he was on my ward; I never had any difficulty with him no more than to lock him up and he fell out with :i:ne about that; I locked hi:J;IT up twice while I had him-I think it was only twice; he was .not ducked, that I know of, while he was on my ward; I never heard of him being ducked.

I know one M. H. Pool, I can't remember just exactly how long he was under me, something like two years or more-best of my recollection ; he had seve_ral fights while he was there with patients, and he fought nie too; he fought one patient, a ;fellow hy the name of W. L-. Waters, who is not here now, he .;,ent home-he claimed himself to be H'awkins, Bob Hawkins; I can't recall to memory just now

422

have had to have torn it up with his hands. The night watchman clicln 't come and complain to me about his disturbing him, I heard him, could see him coming, , I could see his light coming and I got up and went

out ancl.met him and we went clown there, I and the

night watchman, John Gillman; he is here yet, not on that ward now. I went to him and called him, I asked him to get up, I wanted to move his bed-stead out, and he made me no reply, and I shook him

again, and tha second time I shook him he struck

me on the nose with his shoe-had his shoe under

the cover, and I fell across him, he knocked me

blind, hit me on the nose, and fractured it; I don't think it is crooked now; I don't lmow whether his

nose got broke in that :fight. I don't lmow that that

:fight that night hurt that man and that he bled all over the room, I don't know that man's nose was broken that night; I clidn 't hit him with anything, nor

did the watchman; I dicln 't take him out of the room

then; I took the bed-stead out then, but the night

watch saw it; I went next to see him at the usual getting-up time, next morning, between clay-break

and sun-up; I didn't do anything with him; I put

him in another room, to scour the room, to get some

blood up, that blood was from my nose, there wasn't any blood from him at all in that room that I know

of; blood was all over him, I stripped his clothes

off, and sent them to the wash, the laundry; I took

him from that room that morning, and put him in the next room, adjoining room, before the Doctor

came around on his rounds, and the floor was scoured

up before the Doctor came around, because 'that's the customary rule, to have everything clean when

. '

424

whether the outside of my no~re, the skin was broken or just mashed in, come and look, there's the scars up there now; no one was with me in there when that was going on other than the night-watchman~ I didn't go and clei:m that room up :riext morning be~ fore good daylight. I told you I gave him clean clothes; I don't remember exactly who put the clothing on him, whether I put them on him or whether the other. attendant did it, he was able to put his clothing on himself next morning, if he would have done it; I may have just put them in there after I got the other clothes of and told him to put them on; a cotton mattress was in the rooni where I put him next morning, on. the floor. I kept him locked up there eight or ten days, because he was violent, he. was violent next morning, and the next day and the next day. I didn't hear him ask Dr. Swint to come in there and examine his nose; I didn't say he was doing nothing but singing, and I went back to him in his room after my duty was over, merely for the purpose of taking that bed out of his room, I told you he was cursing, sing~ng and cutting up generally, he hadn't been cutting up before during the day, it was nothing unusual, though, I didn't :first go to him and tell him to hush that singing and shut his mouth and go to sleep, I just went in the :first thing I did and took hold of him to take the bed away from him; he hadn't shown any signs of violence except his talking and singing and cursing; he hadn't broken the bed up before, I never gave him a chance to, whenever he got in them spells I always taken his bed-stead out; he hasn't broken up any since, that I know of. He was an epileptic; during .
4213

.. ,:-,?-

the ibed, comparatively, lmocked me blind, but I don't think the night watch hit him at all.

As a general thing, the Dr. always goes into-the rooms when he finds them locked up; I don't remember talking to Dr. Hwint but once, about this difficulty I had with him, that was the morning when he came in and I told him about it, I don't remember whether he made any investigation of the wounded man, other than speak to me about it; I couldn't say whether he ever talked to Pool about it or not; the Doctor went next morning into Pool's room, and he waS' still violent, when the officers came, he would beg to get out, and after they would leave .he would get violent again, curse and make a lot of noise; I tui"ned him out as soon as I thought he was suitable to come out, I always do.

It made me very angry when he hit me on the

nose, of course. Mr. Pool was of a very violent dis-

position, I would consider, at times when these at-

tacks came on him, at times he wasn't, he was quiet

and all right; he. would have thos-e violent attacks

something like once a month, the balance of the time

he was generally sitting apout; he was peaceable

as long as he wasn't in them spells; I would say he

was a quiet, peaceable man except when in these

cnizy streaks, about once a month; I can't .recollect

how many times I had difficulty with him besides

this one. I can't recall~to If!-emory such things, the-z

was so frequent, he never did injure me or any

other of the employees there except the time when

he' injtl.red:my nose; when I went into that room that

night, Mr. Pool.was perfectly quiet and peaceable on

l.,

428

r.oom seven or eight days, best of my recollection, during that time, he had his meals regularly three times a day, and had water put in there where he could get it; he never called on Dr. Swint only when he went in, and Dr. Swint never has failed to go to one when he called him, not on my ward. The reason I went in there was that Mr. Pool was singing ancl kept me and the patients from going to sleep; I hadn't gone there and requested him to stop singing, he had been singing, before I went in there . to .him, I suppose S01I!ething like three-quarters of an hour; the :first thing I did, I just went and unlocked the door and went in, as I have already related, and caught .hold of him.

. Mr. Dunnington was on my ward two mon~hs and

f.~~}.:.

one day, I think, to the best of my re-collection; dur-

ing. that time, he had difficulties with patients, he

~ever had any with attendants while he was on my

ward; he was never clucked or put in the bath tub

Ti~cler the water forcibly that I know of; 'he dicln 't

complain to me that any of the attendants had

heated him that way; he was not choked while he

was. on my ward with me; he wasn't thrown into the

room violently to the extent that his arms were skin-
~eel up; he didn't complain to me that such things

had happened to him; I believe he claimed he had

a :finger broken, it was crooked, but it was done well,

~t the time he complained to me, at the time he came

on ,my ward; he complained to me that the finger

was broken before he came on my ward; he wasn't
'l~cked up in o~e of these wire-guard rooms and kept i~. th.ere a_ny great length of time,. he was locked ~1p

430

. '
'

tor went in riext morning to see him or not.; I told him the circumstances.
.Some wards have more blue-rooms than others; when one is put in the blue-room, they receive the same attention as anyone outside, as far as eating and sleeping and so on; in the event they continue this hollering and noise and so on, when they are in the blue-room, we just let them continue it, when we put one in there, we take out everything in the way of a bed-stead that they can do any damage with; we .sometimes c:all a Physician, when they are in that condition, in order to have them take some sedative to quiet them, when they get too bad; they receive, during the night, any more attention than any other ordinary patient; if the night-watch thinks it is necessary, he calls up the doctor, and he advises him what to do or calls to see him; in the event. of a call of nature, voiding the urine, feces and so on, it remains in there through the night and is removed in. the morning, unless they call the night' watch and tells him the pans needs emptying; he wouldn't know anythin.g about it unless they call .his attention to it, you can smell the odor out in the hall, sometimes ; it is his duty to come and remove it if he is called; I couldn't say whether it is his duty to come and move it whether he is called or not, I don't lmow about that; it was an iron bed-stead that he had in his room; he had propped the door with his bedstead, in the past, so that I couldn't get into his room, and that was the principal reason I went in there to remove the bed-stead-because I was afraid
he wo11ld pr.op :t:he door with it, or break it up or
432

., ' " " . -
R. 0. HARRELL, Sworn, testified:
I entered the Institution in November, 1906, ancl was discharged in April, 1907; I was mistreated only once by an attendant, while I was an inmate; I was out in the yard taking exercise and on entering the building, got in the wrong ward, I inquired of the attendant what my proper ward was, asking him to direct me how to get to it, he grabbed me roughly by the shoulders and run me down the stairway; I struck the attendant with my fist; this is the only time that I was roughly h[mdled while I was here, by an attendant; I saw an attenchint named Hollis on L ward grab a man by the neck and throw him on the floor, he didn't bleed and I never saw any wounds on him. I saw Hollis grab Wilson Harrell by the neck and choke 'him while out in the yard; there was no excuse for him mistreating 1]arrell at all; T frequently saw attendants shoving patients and handling them roughly. The feed that they served the patients was fair, it was enough to sustain a man; the beds were very good.
DOCTOR R. 0. SWINT, Recalled, testified: The Pool and Hawkins matter happened so many
yea1:s ago that some of the- things connected with it are not very clear in my memory-that happened about six years ago; Mr. Pool was removed from the Green Building to the Detached Building, at that time, because Dr. Jones stated that he was such a

cited, it does them harm to go in, but that is a

matter that is left to the discretion of the Pl~ysi

cian; but so far as neglecting one, why, I have never

done that; I never saw Hawkins mistreat Pool; Pool

never told me about Hawkins mistreating him, I

never knew about it until, as I say, I saw it in the

Dunnington article; Pool was a patient that was

frequently coming to me and the attendants and

telling about the other patients being mistreated,

and we would always find it without foundation; I

never saw Mr. Pool when his nose was broken, there

was :never any inflammation-had no recent trauma

while he was under my observation. I was the Phy-

sician in charge of the wards in which Mr. Dunning-

ton was confined; I believe he was in nearly all of

the wards, I was in charge of all the wards in which

he was con:fi:necl, with the exception of the last few

.!

days he was in the Ins-titution; I have seen Dun-

nington when he had evidences of having been mis-

treated; I saw some scratches and dressed some

scratches on his face that a patient, Sam Carter,

made; he said he made it and ~Sam Carter said :it

also, and so did the attendants sa-y it; I never saw

any byuises or skinned places on his arms; Mr. Dun-

nington was confined in what is called the blue-room

or wire-guard room; always just a few clays a:t a

time, hardly a week passecl but what he would have .

to go in the wire-guard room for a day or two, and

I visited him daily, he was a patient thafyou couldn't

pass him without sitting clown and talking to him;

always, I would go in and talk to him; I examined

his throat probably half a dozen times-the' patient .

...

was always complaining of being choked, we never

436

that, sometimes we woulcln;t go in there; I wortld

say,the longest time at one period that I failed to

visit Mr. Pool, while he was confined in that room,

was one clay; as to whether I examined M~. Pool on

the next morning after Mr. Hawkins told me about

the difficulty that he had had with him, I don't know

whether I went in that clay, I went-in-I think, prob-

ably, it must have been that clay, because I remem-

ber the vyouncl on Mr. Hawkins t nose, I asked him

about it, and I asked him if Mr. Pool got hurt, a:r~cl

the morning I dressed his nose I remember dis-

tinctly I went in to see Pool and examined him; he

he had no wounds, he was in a sullen humor Rild

woulcln 't talk to me ; but he had no evidence of any

trauma or bruises; the :first time I saw Mr. Pool

he had that crooked nose; I don't know whether Haw-

kins had this difficulty with him in a few clays after

he went clown there, or whether it was a month,. but

my recolle~tion of Pool is that he had that crooked

nose, I know this, if the nose had been hurt while he

)VaS in the Building, or under my observation, .I

woulcl.have seen it, because a nose to be hurt with

such a deformity that he has, would probably have

been followed by some inflammatory reaction: such

as swelling, and some pain, and I am sure my atten-

tion would have been called to it; I coulcln 't tell you

how long after Mr: Pool entered this Institution it

was that I :first saw him, he was in the Green Build-

ing under Dr. Jones, he wasn't under my own care

for sometime after he had been in the Institution,

and then he was under my care for a while, and then

. ~'

transferre-d from my service for another long pe-

:. . 'l ' '~ -~

:riod, and then I had him again; he was a very insane

I

438

where patients deal in pseudo remm1scences, they can actually believe and tell things-or rather, can tell things and -actually get to believing them.
I couldn't tell you where Hawkins came from when he was employed here, he has been here twenty some odd years; I have been here eight years ; if he has any relatives, it is very few, and I doubt if he has any here, he is not related to any of the officers or Physicians; his wife iS' not related to any of them, that I know of, I never heard of them before I came here; the only things those blue-rooms are for, is as a protection to the patients when they get violent, as well as a protection to the other patients; the attendants have to make out a paper certifying when they lock up a patient, what they locked them up for and the date of the locking up, and also sign a paper when they turn them out; that paper is sent down to the Supervisor's office, and turned over to each Assistant Physician at the end of every month; the blue-room isn't used to horrify and scare the patients and make them think if they don't obey thus and so, and do so and so, they will be put in there, if the attendants ever do that, we never hear of it, it is possible that they could do that, threaten a man and even make them stay in there as a penalty, you see we visit the patients, and it's possible to put them in a short while, but when we come through and make our rounds, these things have to be repo.rted to the physician, and if the patient is locked up without just cause, we have them turned out, and reprimand the attendant for doing it; I don't know why so many of the patients in the Institution here, will come to
440

r

I
t
I
I
through the yard, and see tpat everything is going

on orderly and everything, and then yve go to the sick. I just want~d to make this' exhibit, I just

wanted to exhibit this to you, just to give you an

idea of the work that we do in keeping up with new

cases, that's the file in one case, this is the Physical

examination on the first two sheets; then this is t!1e

family history, when the patient has enough intelli-

gence we go over with him his family history, then

his personal history, then we take :np his personal

history, as much as we can get out of him; then we

take up his mental examination-that begins with

his present condition-take up his orientation----:then

we question him to know where he is and his sur-

roundings, take up his judgment, memory, both of

recent and remote events, then his emotions and voli-

tion and stream of thought; _every patient that comes

here has to go through that, and it takes about-

from three to four hours with each patient, and there

has been-well, in the neighborhood of three hun-

dred new male patients passed through the Institu-

tion this year; now, with that there's the ten day

I I

notes made by the nurse, and that is filed away with

l

that, stating the conduct of the patient on the ward, the first ten clays, that is not made after that, unless

there is a change in the patient's condition, but if

there is a change in the patient's condition, the Doc-

tor can add a short note and drop it in with this; here

is the history, also, that is furnished by the Ordi-

naries of the Counties, that's hardly worth the paper

they are written on; that's filed away alsu with the

history, and with that is filed also a urinary exami-

1
I

bed-stead up;'' and we went back to his room, he

had gone back to his bed again, Pool had, and had

his cover pulled plumb up to his neck and Hawkins

says, ''Come, Pool, I'll have to take your bed-stead

out,'' and Pool apparently looked like he was asleep,

but we knew that he wasn't, and he had the shoe

that he had been wearing, I reckon, under the spread,

and in a, second or le.ss time, he hit Hawkins on the

nose, right there (indicating), and the blood just

flew in every direction; Hawkins just grabbed him

so (indicating), right around the shoulder, and the

next lick he made, I grabbed the shoe, rung it out of

his hand and pitched it out in the hall, and then I

tabm the iron bed-stead, slipped the mattress off of

i~ and run it out in the hall; that's about all there

. .,,.,1

was to Pool's affair that night, as far as I know;

;,..>. -':';i

there was no one present except Hawkins and my-

self and Pool; Pool wasn't hurt at all, Hawkins held

the man nntil I taken the bed-stead out of the room,

and when I got the bed-stead out, I stuck my key in

the door and says ''All right, Hawkins,'' and he

turned him loose and clashed out of the room; we

didn't leave in the room anything but a cotton mat-

tress, his blanket and a bed-spread; I don't know

what was clone with Pool next morning, I was the

night watch in that building, and when the horn

blows for the night watchme.n to go off duty, I left;

Hawkins' nose, after the trouble, was in a bad con-

clition, he struck him right there (indicating) and

I helped Hawkins to bathe his nose, after we had

gotten out of the room, gotten away from Pool, and

the blood was running like everything, and I noticed

444

came out with this shoe; I don't know how long I had known Mr. Pool before that; he was moved from the Green Building to the Detached Building, where I night ~atched, it may have been a yeear or so, but I never did see much of him-I go on duty at nine o'clock and come off between daylight and sun-up. I never did notice his nose, I never did have no conversation with him, I haven't noticed it since he he had the difficulty;, I don't think I saw him but once since then, they moved him up in the Cabaniss Building and I never had any business up there; he stayed in that ward some after that, and why I didn't see him he was locked up and I was night watch, and unless they called me, I never bothered them~ }lnless they had a fit, something of that sort.
I have been. here thirty years, I night watched some twenty-one years, and been on clay duty nine years; I have relatives here; Fleming Gillman and Tom Gillman is my nephews, they are clay attendants, I have a brother here on No. 19-Jim Gillman; I am not any relation to any of the Physicians or the Superintendent, just to the laborers. I couldn't tell you to save my life how many times during my twentyone years I was called on by a guard to help subclu~ a patient at night or quiet a patient, it isn't so often that I have to do that, the patients aren't always :fighting the guards most; I don't remember Hawkins getting hit by any other patient, he may have been, it is possible for him to have got hit without me remembering it, what impresses it on my mind now, I have read it in the papers and began to think about it; I don't lmow how many has talked to me about it
446

. .'~
~ ._ ,.r~ \

J. G. BLOODWORTH, Sworn, tes.tified:

:. . ~ -,..;,

~~:;-~/;

I was an attendant in the Green B-uilding, and

had Mr. Pool under my care at that time; he was. one

of the wo!s.t epileptics. I have ever handled while I

was. on the ward, the nois.es.t for a week or ten days

at a time, when he would get to having them fits,

we had to keep him in a room without any bed-stead,

just on a mattress, and he would tear that up very

nearly every night, and the people on the ward

couldn't sleep for his noise; that's about all I can

tell you about him, he was never hurt while he was

in my se~vice, that I lmow of, I know nothing about

-his having ever been choked up there, or his nose

ever getting hurt; that's about all I know about him,

that he was a bad epileptic, violently insane, he was

violent, we had to keep him locked up to keep him

from fighting the other patients, he was moved to

the Detached Building to keep him from fighting

the other patients, and to keep him quiet. I am

employed by the Institution now; in charge of the

dining room at the T'win Building; I have been em-

ployed in the Sanitarium nearly thirteen years; I was

in charge of the ward where Mr. Pool was confined,

something over a year, before he was moved to the

Detached Building. Every time we went to Pool's

room, we had to carry help to keep him from hurting

us, we had him locked up from one week to ten days

-we had to keep him locked up while he had them

:fits on him, he never injured an attendant, we al-

ways lmew him, and we went prepared and carried

all the help necessary to handle him without any

difficulty; he never got injured, not that I know of;

448

i.
:_ _,':'' i
-...1 "
..,":,
:.,i

DOCTOR L. M. JONE:S, Recalled, testified:

This printed bill of fare was gotten up two or
three years ago, we don't try to adhere to that now;
this is the bill of fare we use (indicating) ; i don't
know why it was presented to you, I don't know how you came by it at all; this is the bill of fare
that the chef has recently made out; we had a new
chef elected here a year ago, and this is the :first
one he has made out; that ~s one that the old chef had,-the new chef made this out a few days ago; that bill of fare is practically carried out; I don't
know why this old one was put on_ the table.

I had Pool under my charge; all I have to say

about Mr. Pool is he was a very violent man, and

frequently had to be locked up for disturbing the

wards and for fighting the patients,-he was very

insane, for a week at a time h~ didn't know hardly

what he was doing; he was allowed to go home once

.

or on

twice on account

a furlough, and he couldn't of his violence; while he

stay was

haetrhe,omhee

was a very violent man; if he was ever hurt while

he was in my seivi'Ce, I didn't know it, and he never

made any complaints to me about being hurt;. I was

not 'in charge of him when he claims Hawkins hurt

him, because he had been moved from that building,

-the Green Building was always considered the

building for the most quiet class of patients that we

had; a patient that was very noisy and disturbed

the settlement at large, we frequently moved them

to the Detached wards; that's where he went when

he went under Mr. -Hawkins-the Detached Build-

ing, they have strong rooms, while the rooms at the

451)

Doctor writes an order, and the Steward buys it, he can't buy out of the general store here, at cost, for these patients; it is a rule that nobody buys out of the store except what they let the officers have; these little extras that the patients want are not kept m stock here;
i don't think any of our patients are neglected by the Physicians; the Board of Trustees elect our Physicians ; I think all the Physicians, from old Doctor Whitaker down, are capacitated to treat these patients up to the present, in the advanced science of medicine; as to what opportunity Doc~or Whitaker has had to familiarize himself or come in contact with the late methods of improved practice, he has been here-he came here before I did, and was associated here with other Physicians here, he hadn't gone off and ta:ken a post graduate course and attended lectures since that time; I expect he has only learned what he has, since he has been here; as to whether I think, as an expert Physician, a man _qf thirty-seven years practice, staying on the grounds here, with no opportunity of having cultivated himself by contact with other physicians, conventions or medical institutions or medical inquiries, is competent to treat scientifically the different diseases of insanity; we have a little association among ourselves, and we learn a good deal from our being associated with each other; we have meetings once a week, the Physicians do, and discuss matters, have clinical cases, and if a man didn't go off and get it, .there is others here that know it and he could learn
it from them; I think Dr. Whitaker is thoroughly
45:1

point to see every new case that comes in; I go to all

the Reception Wards and get acquainted with all the

new cases ~nd familiarize myself with the histories

and in talking with the Physicians every day I keep

up with them; it isn't possible for him to be here a

month without me seeing him, I go to all the Re-

ception Wards and see every new case that Gomes in,

and I go on the sick wards as often as two or three

times a week to see how they are getting on; of

course I don't make a general round through all the

buildings, because my work don't allow me to do it,

.but it is the duty Of the Assistant Superintendent

to do that once a week; he comes in my office and re-

ports to me every day where he has been; the dif-

ferent buildings, he reports what he thinkf? is neces-

J

sary; he makes a report to me every day, and' every

~ ~ l .... I ......

other Physician reports to my office every day what

!

is going on.

In the employment of a Physician they have to stand a satisfactory examination before they can get on the Staff; there is a Commission appointed by the Board of Trustees who examines them, consisting of three Doctors; the last examination we had it was composed of Dr. Block and Dr. wright and Dr. Ha.ll-tliey examined the applicants-no Physician can get employment here without that examination; they have to have a satisfactory examination before they can get ori the Staff; we have a system now of an interneship-the Board sometime ago gave me authority to appoint three internes, or rather three new men, and in the next few months, as soon as I can :find men suitable, we will have three
454

if be had applied to me for any money, I suppose he would have g-ot the accommodation that he wanted; my acquaintance with him hasn't been intimate since I went into the banking- business-some twenty years, but I have seen him quite frequently since then, and last year was with him a number of times; I certainly would say that his character is g-ood, I think it is reg-arded as- good by the people in the community in which he lives.
vV. H. KENDRICK, Sworn, testified:
I am the Ordinary of Baldwin county; I have known Alex Hawkins at least twenty years; I know his general reputation for truth and veracity, it is good; from my generallmowledge of his reputation I would believe him on oath.
I come out here occasionally, not so often in the last few years _as I did formerly-I used to visit this Institution quite often; I have no connection with the Sanitarium at all; I know an attendant out here by the name of Hollis; I don't know anything about_ his temper, I have only met him casually. I don't know what kind of a temper Mr. Hawkins has, I wouldn't judge him to be high-stnmg, he has always had the appearance to me of being just the reverse, of a gentle, even, smooth gentleman-a nice gentlemail. I don't know anything in regard to this Institution, as to cruel treatment of any of the patients
456

Physician under whose. care and treatment the lin

forhmate might have been placed, though, as I say,

we always send Dr. Allen, or some relative of the

unfortunate comes before me imd swears out the

writ of lunacy, that is mailed to the _home people;

the reason of these commitme!-lts being held here is

that the people, as a general rule, would much prefer

having them committed here-, rather th\an taking

them back to their homes in their insane condition,

creating a scene and humiliating the families of the

,unfortunates-they defray all the expenses here of

the c6mmitment, and they get always some member

of the family to come and testify, you know, in these

cases';. I say in my place as Ordinary of Baldwin

county, that there's no irregularities ever committed,

,

anything of that sort, in bringing these people here,

.~::~:~;;,,_

we try-to follow the law strictly, we have .the law

before us and we never commit anyone without we

have them present before the jury; sometimes it is

impracticable to take .a patient from Dr. Allen's

Sanitarium to Milledgeville. I co;nldn 't state how

many patients. I have sent here from Dr. Allen's

Sanitarium; it's just occasionally, when. Dr. Allen

has a patient in his care oveT there and he decides

that he can't cure the patient, and finds the relatives

afe people in straitened circumstances-he's a very

conscientious man, and he makes the statement to

them, and for that reason they come to me for a writ

of luna9y and are committed to the State Sanitarium

here; I suppose I send half a dozen patients of Dr.

Allen's Sanitarium to.the Georgia State Sanitarium,

-

'

.. ~. ..

m the course of a year; I have no relative in the

458

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before that; he occupied the place of storekeeper from whom _I boug}J_t. my groceries from, and to whom I had given my ordersfor groceries, he is an employee here, Superintendent or something-they call him Superintendent,) believe, I won't state that asfacts, I know he is an employee-I'll state that as facts; that morning wh~n Yarbrough says ''why did you write to your aunt when there was money here. to yom; credit,'' and w?en I hadn't been informed that there was money here to my credit, I naturally was very indignant about it; besides, I gave Yarbrough the lettei 'that I w1~ote to my aunt asking fo1< the money~he's supposed to read all the letters the patients write; if there was money here to my credit when Iwrote that 1ettet to my aunt asking for her to send me money;' it was his duty as Physician in charge of me to :find out whether I had any money here on deposit or not; Yarbrough had some words, he .and I, that _d~y, had some words several times before that; I had caught Yarbrough in a point blank lie-and I told him so to his face and I want to charge it to him right before his face today; but we had had some words before that, and thiswas the termination of the whole thing, when he came out asking why. I had written when there was money already here, and when it-was his duty to notify me of it; I don't know wliether I have got in goods from Simpson, the ~ $10.00 that :rp.y aunt had sent me and Dr; Yarbrough didn't notify you of; I have been ordering groceries
-I give an order for groceries, they take the order,
. the}/don't let me know what those groceries cost,I
don't know what they .cost 'at ali-I give an order
460

I
I
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i '
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~~:~d~ I
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me this year; I gave that letter to Dr. whitaker at

the dance, and Dr. Whitaker said he would give it

to Dr. Jones, and I asked D:c. Whitaker to bring me

those bill:;t,.f)l1tDn-the yard; Whitaker never did bring

them out, the itemized statement was never fur-

nished me; here is what was furnished me (exhibit-

ing a writing), without telling me whatever what

money was sent to !ne; now, if you will take a piece

of paper and put this down and :figure it up, one

statement is $36.20-that's Simpson's bill-now

there. is a lot of :figures that I don't know what it

represents whatever; I never received any itemized

statement of it whatever, that's all I received of Dr.

whitaker, in spite of the fact that I wrote to Dr.
Jones; here's a bill marked J. F. Bell-I don't know

who that is-$4.16; no itemized account sent me for

that '

bill;

here

is

the

Dentist

bill,

$36.95,

the.y

haven't

S<;lnt me an itemized account of that; if you will just

add these up, I'll tell you what my aunt has written;

you can put down below that what money has been

received for me; when I came here they t'ook away

from me, out of my pockets, $9.40, my aunt says,

"letter rec~ived this morning, Mr. Fleetwood will

send Mr. Lamar $50.00 for your teeth;." "I went to

see Mr. F'leetwood this afternoon and he had re-

ceipts showing t~at he had sent the money to :NJr.

Lamar, he has se:rit $5.00 every month except ont=l,

and the next month he sent $10.00; he hasn't sent the

money for this month, but will do if in a few days;''

that $5.00 has been sent and that. made $15.00 to my

. credit; he has sent $5.00 every month except one, and

the next month he sent $10.00; I came here the 2nd

462

examined my rectum for hemorrhoids, he admitted

that I had hemorrhoids coming on, himself, and the

morning that he did it, it was a very hot day, and he

was cross and iiTitable, and I suppose I egged it on

tohim-he was irritable and he says "turn your t~il

up here and let's see;" now is that. the way for a

Doctor to speak, even if a patient is cross 7 Well, 1

submitted to it, he examined it and prescribed a little

salve that a child ten years old would know wouldn't

have done any good; in the first place, I didn't have

any irritating sore in the rectum-the hemorrhoids

I

was just coming. Well, after that I said nothing

more, I wasn't going to have him-I had no con-

fidence. in him, besides; I have been under the care

of Dr. Yarbrough ever since I have been here with

the exception of three days, while he was gone-two

or three or four weeks after I came here; I needed

no other physician before, at that time; what I was going to say is this-that was all last summer, a~d

I had to stand that, and I have been suffering very

much from it all this winter-suffering from the con-

stipation, I haven't called his attention to it; a few

days ago I saw Green, that is Dr. Green, I says, "I

see that the Trustees h'ave elected you Medical Di-

rector or some office,'' I says, ''have yo'u taken that

office 7"_ He says, no, not yet; I says, "I warit you

to come up _an examine me, I am su:ffering very much

with these hemorrhoids;" he says "that's bad, I

know you are suffering;'; and he has never been to

see me; I am suffering with the constipation and that
also; i haven't a:p.y confidence in Dr. Yarbiough at

all, mid that's the teason I haven't called his at:.

tention to it.

464

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I
the attendants know it, and it's the most irritating thingin the world to me to go and ask them to do anything for me-they refuse to do it, oftentimes; and I want to contradict his statement I read in the paper th"e other day, where .he had made' the statement that every offending attendant was discharged; the :first night I got here, I was sent down to that Twin Building, a man named Berry had me in charge, he had the papers-what they were, I don.'t Imow, but he took them and gave them to the attendant that was on the Receiving Hall, just as soon as I got on that building, I hadn't been there ten miimtes before that attendant looked at me and says, "wen, well, charged with rape, are you 7" And every patient on that hall surrounded me and I like
to have been mobbed; he charged me with being there
f~r rape; I know absolutely nothing about the papers that he had; it was announced to me within a few minutes after I came on the hall that I was there for rape; of courpe I didn't tell anyone of it myself.
I'll tell you something else; it's the rule that
a every patient that .comes in is given bath, I have
learned since that that rule is not observed only for thOS'e that really and truly need a bath; I,have heard many of the patients say that they didn't take a bath after they got there; but after they surrounded me and charged me with rape-the attendant's named Harris, they called him "Fatty Harris," he jerked me around, ''come here, you've got to take a bath,'' he took me in the bath room, turned the water on, . jerked me around this way and jerked me around that way, got my clothes off :finally and plunged me
466
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"the Doctor told me this morning to take a bath, and

tQld Rossy to give me a bath;" "you shan't have a

bath tonight"-now that attendant, that wasn't

Rossy. that was doing that, that was another one,

that attendant took hold of my arm-took hold of me,

started out and called one of. the patients_,_now,

that's what I want to call your attention specially to

-,-the attendant took one arm. and the patient took

another, and they carried me down there-threatened

to lock me up but they didn't do it; now that attend-

ant and the patient both has gone; the attendant has

no been discharged, he resign<:;d simply to get another

position; here's the way it was reported-I gave my

~

side of it, the attendant gave his side of it, there was

the head at~endant there who had gotten the order

t

l

from Little facing us; says I, "Little, who is right,

:''-;>1t

this man or me 7'' Little says, ''all right, next time this occurs-if Yarbrough's here, I don't like to

i

make any advances with Yarbrough's patients, but

i

the next time that occurs I'll 'send you down to the

I

.Twin Building;" he said that t?. me.

And here is the most serious thing, not concerning me, but concerning a man that died there; there was a man by the na~e of Hartley; well, Hartley was taken sicktwice, the :first time he had a spell of fever, he was taken on Friday, he had a scorching hot fever and that night he was out of his head, and I began to pay:him attention, waited on him, fan him andrub his head~I wish I had something to certify to that, I had something in my grip, but I haven't got it here -how:ever, he was well-treated that time, the attendants were all right to him:, the Doctor prescribed

,168

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.':r..t::..:c
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for him, and he took the calomel; now, a few days after that, on Saturday afternoon, we were in the hall ready to go out on the yard, the yard man, .the regular yard man, Tom Gillman, wasn't on duty that day, the man that was on duty, I believe is gone, his name was-I don't know-at any rate, this man fell in the hall, all the men were standing a{ound him-I didn ~t see him fall myself, I was in the library myself when he did fall, but one of the patients took him up, helped him up, and I got there just as this patient was helping him up, and not another patient paid him any attention; the attendant was there calling the names of the men to go on the yard, he had his back calling the names of the men to go .out on the yard, and this patient didn't have the strength to
help him himself, so I went right to his rescue, took
him to a chair, rubbed his head and fanned him; that was on Saturday afternoon, and he got over the :fit in a short while,. half hour or so, and then came out on the yard, stayed there all that afternoon; well, that night after supper, he went to bed and I went in t.here to rub his head, and he said to me, ''I hate tu be locked up this night, I have had one :fit and I'm afraid I'm going to have another;'' well, says I, "you ought not to be," I rubbed his head gently, just so (indicating), just long enough to put him to sleep, and I went on out, and I passed by the room looked in two or three times, and he was asleep, the next morning-well, when bed-time came that man was locked up; the next morning when the door was opened he was found dead; one of the patients heard him tap, tap, tap on the door, during the night; Dr.
470

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I don't know how long, possibly half an hour, and after awhile I began to hear s-z-z-z-z- (snore) ; now, I got up-there's a little crack under my door-I just want to show you what I did, I got down just so (bending down as if peering under a door) and I saw as far as his legs that he was sitting down, his lantern besicle of him; I the~ knocked on my door, I woke him up and he came to my door, and he opened it, "why," says I, "Jim Gillman is that you, what are you doing asleep on duty~'' ''No,'' he says, ''that wasn't me;'' I says ''I heard you coming down the hall;" "Oh, no, that wasn't me 'coming down there;" says I, "ha, ha, ha, I have caught you sleep~ ing on your night watch;'''' Oh, no, no no, that wasnt ~e; that was somebody else coming down the hall, that wasn't me."
The next morning I got up and thought theJ.'e was no use to report that thing, besides it's no business of mine I won't report it; now, that was on Sunday morning, the following Saturday I was down on the hall talking with a patient-it seems to be against the rules for a patient on the top hall to talk with the patients on the lower, or 19th hall, it is supposed to be a rule, but a rule that isn't enforced i~ 11ot a rule at all; several of the nineteen men has-:-
We don't want to know anything about that, we want yoli. to confine yourself exclusively. to the maltreatment you have received.
Gentlemen, that don't concel'n maltreatment, it concerns simple neglect ofduty.
4'12

wasn't an attendant here when Dunnington was here; I didn't have anything to do with him or Pool.

W. L. HARGROVE, Sworn, testified:

I was not an attendant, I was employed here a

good long while, though, as night watch; I was only

here at night; I stayed here as night-watchman,

something like eleven years; during that time I never

saw any maltreatment or mistreatment or cruelty

I '

towards any of the patients; I never knew but one

I
j
M~~~

that was hurt; how, I couldn't tell you; I generally slept on one of the halls until breakfast, and I was in the room shaying, and I he~rd a racket and I saw

I

a lot of patients down the hall-a whole crowd of

I

them, and the attendants was all in the dining room

I

:fixing breakfast; there was no attendant down there

at the time this patient was hurt; I didn't go down

I

the hall; I run out in the hall with my razor in my

hand, and I didn't know who m1ght get ii and I went

back in my room and locked the-door, the attendants

was all at the dining room, and he wasnt so badly

hurt, and as far as I know, I was the :first one of the

attendants that gave the alarm; I didn't speak to

them when I got down there; he wasn't hurt to

amount to anything, I don't think, I don't think it

amounted to anything; I am satisfied that he was

hurt-by a patient, there. was not an attendant th~re

that I know anything about until I gave the alarm-I

hollered for them, and I think if Dr. Powell kept a

474

saw any of the patients mistreated or maltreated by

any of the attendants here. I was here at the time

Mr. Pool was an inmate, he was on the next hall ad-

joining the one that I worked on; I have been in the

dining room with him and helped lock him up a good

many times; he was a very violent patient at times;

considered a dangerous patient; I neve~ had nothing

to do with him unless they called on me to help lock

him up; I didn't hear of him having a fuss or dif-

ficulty with attendant Hawkins; the general treat-

ment of the patients, when I was here, by the Phy-

sicians, couldn't have been any better, every atten-

tion possible was shown them; Doctor L. M. Jones

there was our Physician; I never saw a doctor in my

life pay any closer attention to patients; I never

heard him speak short or harsh to the patients, he

~ .

isn't of that disposition, and I never did hear him

refuse to hear the complaints of the patients; the

food that they get, I should think was proper food

I' .,

for the patients; it sometimes wasn't cooked, I don't

r

think, as well as it ought to have been cooked, but

we had plenty of. such as it was; I say it

f;

wasn't cooked as it should have been cooked, be-

cause it was such quanti ties they couldn't cook it;

at times, I know, it wasn't exactly done, some of the

meat; as a general thing, we got good meat, but the

rich and such as .that, \I,'Ould lump at times, I sup-

pose it was done, but we had negro cooks and l

don't know whether they understood the business as

they should have done; I suppose they clone the best

they could.

As well as I can remember, it'S' about.eight years

.476
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treated or maltreated or treated cruelly in any way while I was an inmate here, the Doctors were always kind and attentive to the patients ; speaking kind and treating them kind; I heard no abrupt language or abuse from the attendants to the patients; I have seen patients locked up; I was down on the first ward and there come a man in there, a mighty crazy man, and he J:un around turning the 'tables over and things of that kind, and he was locked up, but he wasn't locked up from any spite of the nurses or anything of that kind, but just for his own protection, to keep him from hurting himself; I saw one or two get to fighting on the yard and they have to lock them up; I never saw them locked up because the attendant got mad at him or he refused to work for the attendant; I never did see them make a patient work; I shoved a mop sometimes, but I w.asn 't forced to do it, I did it of my own accord, I could have sat. down, if I wanted to, I didn't have to do it.
When they were locked up, they were unruly or violent, ljable to hurt themselves or somebody else, and that was why they were locked up,-to keep them from hurting themselves or somebody else; I never did see one mistreated while I was here, I never saw a patient locked up that was behaving himse1f; I never heard any attendant use any profanity towards the patients while I was a patient }Iere.
The articles .of food that I had for breakfast :were beef steak and grits, bread and coffee; we had rice and generally boiled meat and potatoes for dinner, and vegetables and such things when they .were in
47S

never have been ashamed of the Georgia State Sanitarium anywhere, or the manner in which it is conducted; the ability of the Physicians in charge com...: pares favorably with the Physicians in any Institution in the United States that I have ever visited.
I have had a great many epileptics, I have sev.eral; I find them usually a very disagreeable class of patients to deal with,-not all of them, but a great many of them; when they have a convulsion, it isn't necessary to go right to them every time; I have a patient in my Institution-I don't say this boastingly~she is a hopeless epileptic, she has been with me twelve years, and I haven't seen her h~ve but one epileptic convulsion, she is in the building adjoining my residence, the convulsions come on and are over with,-I have. seen her a few times in a dazed condition following it; I have an. attendant there; the only thing you can do is to keep her from harming herself in the convulsive action,-put a pillow undet her head and let her lie still a few minutes, and that's the only treatment yoh can give any epileptic
at those spasmodic moments; at some institutions; they do give chloroform at that time, but th'at's risky, and I never do advise it; the chloroform is to 'relax that, and the only one that can do that is a physician or the attendant, and I never risk it; it might lessen the violence of the convulsion, but. it wouldn't cure it, it would only lessen the violence of the muscular contraction; in these violent attacks, I do not believe the patient is cognizant of pain, they are totally unconscious.
I never have been connected with this Sanitarium
480

and considerably more of it; we are getting soup this week for one thing, and I don't like soup at all, and we are getting at dinner time a piece of wheat bread, that we didn't get last week; I don't know of anything, there might be something, but I don't recall it.

I don't know of any of the patients who have

been cruelly treated by being hurt or beat or kicked

by the attendants over there, on my ward; I have

been in the lock-up; I was treated fairly good in

there; I wasn't fed in there properly; I'll tell you

something, if you '11. let me-I attempted to run

away, in Doctor Powell's time, and I hacl to go to

the wire~guard, and I stayed there ,~hat afternoon

and night and stayed there all the next clay and the

next morning I was turned out; sure I got proper

food in there, and I had a bed in there to sleep on;

everything was all right, but I was locked in there

and cou1dn 't reach the things that I wanted. I

worked over there on the hall sometimes, required

to do it by the attendants; I do it voluntarily, but

,.

still they S'ay something to cause me to do it, too;

they tried to threaten me in remarking, that if I

didn't work I had better do it; something of that

sort, giving me to understand that work is the best

for me, or that punishment would be inflicted on me,

if I didn't perform the work; as to whether I have

seen punishment inflicted on any of them who didn't

perform the work over there; well,' that's a difficult

question, I want to tell you the truth, and I don't

- vyant to vary fr01n the truth, sir; I think I l1ave

seen them, I wouldn't say positively, but I think T

482

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satisfied th.ere's Jim Tucker in his soul, and he's liable to approach others in the same way; that has got nothing at all to do with the Sanitarium, but still it has, :in this way,-I have been here three years, and I should be discharged, and I can't get no lurlough even.
I don't know Phillips has syphilis, they just told me, Phillips himself did; Ed E.ason, a patient on the hall, says he hasn't had treatment, I never heard Doctor Y arbroug~h say he didn't get treatment.

B. G. OA'MP, Sworn, testified;
I was brought here the 10th day of August, as an inmate; I haven't received any mistreatme.J;J.t in any way since I have been here, by the attendants, I have by the patients, though; when I was mis-, treated by the patients, the attendants might have
gone to my assistance if I ha'Cl let them know it, but
I '11 tell you exactly how it was-I wouldn't state a lie for the world, I'm a minister, have been preaching thirty years, I wouldn't do it to save my neck, because if I did I couldn't get to the Kingdom, and that would be contrary to my God; a fellow named John Smith, it seems-he's' not entitled to choke people, he has choked a heap of them since he has been there, though,-he was choking a fellow, had a :sus: pender, brought a suspend~r around his neek, and had drawed it, and twisting it, and I went up, and of course, I couldn't see that going on and simply
484
'I

ing to go on the yard and I told him ''John Sm1th

says he's going to .beat hell out of me next time he

gets a chance, and I know he will do it, the way he's

~ i.

been doing others," and he says "you've got to go,','

and I says "I;m not going to do it, lYir. Babb and

my arm being nearly broken and this shoulder too;''

1

I

"Oh," he-says, "I'll make you go," and I says "you

might make me," and he told the two attendants to

make me, and they started to drag me,-I had sat

down and they taken me by one hand each, lYir.

Ro'berts and Mr. Babb, dragged me a:bout two or

three feet, and Mr. Babb then says "just wait until

the Doctor comes on, Doctor Green, and if he says

for him to go, there will be a part of him to go any-

how,'' and' Doctor Green came, and he said I could

stay in, I told him I didn't want to go because I didn't

want any trouble with Smith; there was no 9ther

c~uel treatment.

I have been fed po~erfully poorly, gentlemen, I'll take the penitentiary before that place,-I told you that in a letter I wrote you,-here's the amount of bread that I had before the report was made that the Committee was coming, of cours-e, it is dried up a little, a little bit cut off that end,-not enough for _ a chicken to eat; that's all I had for dinner, I'll swear it, if mY, head was to be cut off; that was directly after I came here, before it was reported that the Investigati~g Committee was coming, when they found the Investigating Committee were coming, they began to improve, little by little, until we are getting twice as much, we are not getting enough now, and we beg for something to eat; I don't al-

486

ways eat all tliat's put on my plate, sometimes, you know, I feel a little sick, but when I have got an appetite, I eat it all, and I ain't got half enough; that's the kind of bread I had for my dinner, and that's all I had, we receive better attention since it has been lmown that this Committee was coming, and there's going to be hell on earth unless something is done for it, because. they have lots of them swore lies.
Mr. Roberts, an attendant, said they would make it hot for me if I swore anything on him, I heard him say that, he is my attendant; Roberts has mistreated me, I'm going to show you what he did, and the attention he gave me, I had mighty bad health for years, and I took to drinking hot water, and I find it is a great benefit, and it's the greatest thing in the world to drink, all you can of boiled water every morning,-better than any medicine in the world, and if you drink plenty of it, it will clean you out,boil you out,-just let nature take it's course; and I wanted to get some hot water one morning, and Mr. Roberts was in there in the bath room, and he had no occasion to shove me out,-he says "what you want in here?" "I want some hot water," and he shoved me right out, and says ''you've got no business here," and locked the door, and I sat down and
he gave me a sum to work,~says 22 by 22, and
asked me what it would make, and I studied about it for awhile and says "you can't make anything- else out of it but six and a quarter of it, and he says "ain't but five;" well, I says, "Mr. Roberts, it's obliged to be 61;:1, '' I says, ''twice two and a half is five, and there a one-half of one-half, there's an-
487

~

let me see you about things going on here,'' and they wouldn't do it, and I wrote them another of six pages and says ''please let me S'ee you about things going on here,'' and I says ''please return my letters. if you won't do .anything,'' so I was going to show them to you Committee gentlemen.

Q. Did you ever see Doctor Green: treating those. patients for syphilis and gonorrhcea ~

A. He has got a kind of medicine that he gives them for it..

Q. Have you ever seen him treat them~

A. He never treats no one, he givei:l' them no medicine, even, nothing for that.

'' ;

Q. Have you ever seen a patient treat them~

A. Yes, sir.

Q. How do they treat them~

A. I don't know nothing about them things.

.

.

Q. Have you ever seen them injecting anything .

in their penis~

A. No, sir; bt they give them ointment and salve and medicine to rub on those places; they have got . sores on them, badly, and they make me wash in the same ~ub, in the same water sometimes ; I wouldn't have that, gentlemen, for a tho~sand dollars-I don't know what it is, but I tell you that fellow's penis is plumb eat out.

. Babb is the name- of that attendant that's in charge of me, he is the head rrian, Robertsis the as-.;

489:

.,
'

clothes on, I waS' perfectly naked, they just tried to .freeze me to death; there was no bed there nor nothing for me to sleep on, and I stayed on -the floor and stretched out that way and I knowed they were gonig to try to freeze me to death, and I kept close to the door and had to get up and rub my feet, and I would rub as far as I could; Mr. .Simpson took all my clothes off when he put me in there that night, I didn't ask him why he took them off, I didn't say nothing to him because I knew he would kill me if I did, that's the way they did, I have heard them overhead here, and in them rooms, kick them down forty times,-kick their feet from under them, just let them fall anyway; gentlemen, I'll tell you this is the terriblest thing in the world you ever heard of, -I have saw them crawling and their knees and ankles cut plumb to the bone and so they couldn't walk, and I would ask them what done it, and they would cry .and say "I have been kicked down so that I couldn't walk, that's what done it;" that's been in the Green Building, eight years ago, they kicked that poor fellow up there that way forty times, I reckon, -''God damn you, get out from there, God damn you get up, sir;'' the management is a good deal better now than it was eight years ago. The inmate . that I said had the syphilis, is here yet, his name is
Johnson, I don't know his given name, he's on the sick ward now.
I had to come back here because Harvey Vandiver 'Choked me on Broad S:treet, at Rome, they treated me, if anything, worse at home than they did here, I told you that soon after I came here-that they treated me worse at home than they did here.
492

. ,.
has been a customer of ours, and he has always made an exceptional record; he is as modest and quiet and retiring as a woman, is the impression he has always left on my mind. I am in the banking busin_ess,I practice law myse1f, also.
At this point, a recess was taken by the Committee until 1 :30 o'cloek, p. m.
JD. H. WILLETT, Sworn, testified:
I have been .an inmate of this Institution for twenty-two years; I was mistreated under Doctor Powell; I"don't know really whether I have any authority to make that statement or not, but I was choked by a man named Fred Batson----'he jumped on me and dragged me out of my room about forty feet, for no cauS'e; he was head attendant on the ward where I was-B ward; that's been three years ago, before Dr. J:ones became Superintendent; I reported it to Dr. Powell, and he never paid any attention to it; Dr. Edgar Hunt was my attending physic~an at that time. I reported that occurrence to him, and he said he believed my statement to be true; I hadn't done anything to that a:ttendant to mal>::e him choke me, I was just sitting in my room reading and he jumped on me, pulled me out of my room, drag_ged me out of my room and choked me every step of the way.
I have been mistreated by another person in the Institution, by a man named W. C. Humphreys, that
'194

W. C. O'BYRNE, Sworn, testified:
I have been an inmate of the Georgia State Sanitarium since April, 1906; as to cruel treatment inflicted upon me, while a patient, there's one case, I don't think Doctor Jones has heard about it,-Jim Shirley, attendant on Reception Hall B,-I can't tell you the exact date, but I wrote Doctor Green about it the next morning after it happe:o.ed, it happened on a Saturday. Mr. Hall, from Columbus, received a box from home, and there was some cake in that box, which he offered to give me; next day was Sunday, .and he says ''come on, now, and I'll give you that cake," and I says" all right," and he says "no, I can't get it because Shirley has got it locked up," and just as I was going up the steps with the attendant, he says, "wait a minute, I see Shirley coming out now;'' he was coming out of the dining room; of course, we had no right down there except to go to meals; Shirley came up the steps, and he had been pretty nice to me before that, very kind, and he came up to me and walked up the step,-I was on the landing, half way up, but I had permission from the attendant with me to wait on the landing to get the cake; but Shirley, instead of going to B hall, came up the :::;teps and before he got to me, says ''get up those steps," and he cussed me a son of a bitch three or four times, and I have witnesses to prove it, and kicked me no less than twenty-five or thirty times; I was sitting dO'Wil and thought he was in fun, he never had treated me that way, he was a very nice fellow, and I felt very kindly towards him, but if he kicked me once he kicked me twenty-five or thirty
49G

Mr. O'Byrne," and I says "you mean to make me out a liar~" "I don't care to say anything more to
you at alL" i don't think Doctor Jones knew any-
thing about it; did you, Doctod
Doctor Jones : No sir.
The Witness: Did you ever know that. they- put me in a strong dress~
Doctor Jones : No sir, I knew you tore up all your clothes, everything that they put on you, but I didn't know about that part of it.

W. T. KELLEY, Sworn, -testified:

I have been an inmate here since the latter part

of January of last year; since my entrance :Q.ere I

have not been mistreated by any of the officers or

attendants employed here, they have, without ex-

ception, treated me nicely, the Doctors have shown

me the proper care and attention always, the food I

.have been furni?hed was sufficient and wholesome,

I have no material complaint to make about any of

the management of tl1e Institution; of course, cir-

cumstances anywhere could be improved,-the food

could be better here, but whether it could be better

with the appropriation they get, I am not prepared

,

to say; the food is sufficient in quantity, I suppose it

'.

is prepared as well as it could be, being prepared in

quantities like it is; now the meat that we have here

498

was, the gi'eater partof his time, on the T'win Build-

ing, and I was on the Convalescent Building; the first

time my attention was ever attracted to Mr. Dun-

nington was at the dance, one afternoon, when he

was removed from the dance, I don't know for what

reason, but in the middle of the dance there was an

interruption, the music stopped and there was a

commotion at the other end of the hall, and in a few

moments I saw two attendants carry Mr. Dunning-

ton out of the hall,-he wasn't resisting, but ap-

peared rather to be protesting; one had him by each

arm, and were taking him out of the hall. It fre-

quently happens that a person is removed from the

dance hall or chapel for some physical ailment,-he

has a fit of some kind and is carried out; but I saw

that he was apparently carried out under protest,

and that S'ometimes happens for disorder or mis-

<;onduct, but whether he had done anything, I don't

know, but he was being removed. I didn't see M1~.

Dunnington any more; I inquired what his name

was,-that's the way I found out who he was,-I in-

quired who he was, and learned he had been guilty

of some misconduct at a dance; after a month or two,

he came up to this building, and I saw him on the

yard; of my own knowledge, I never saw any mis-

conduct on his part, but I heard several things re-

lated about that, if you care for me to go into those.

I know that while he was here, he came out in -the

yard every day, and I was on the yard with him

every day, and he wasn't discourteously treated dur-

ing that time, so far as I saw, and I was within :fifty

yards of him all the time, and would have noticed any

improper treatment of him.

-

500

sleep, so that the light shone under hi.s door ot through the- key-hole into his eyes, so that it was impossible for him to go to sleep; and every time he saw the Doctor after that he would tackle him about it,-:wanted something done about it, and Doctor Yar'brough told him he had investigated the matter and found it impossible for that light to be in the position Mr. Vickers claimed it was, and Mr. Vickers used some very uncalled-for language, so I thought, -told the Doctor he was a damned liar, and instead of knocking him d0wn, Doctor tried to pacify him,- let him stay out in the yard; the truth of the matter is Vickers had a grudge against J~m Gillman, because he moved him off the hall because of a scrape he got into with one of the patients. I have no com- plaint to make against the Institution.
H. B. MEDLOCK, Sworn, testi:fie~l:
EXAMINATION BY REPRESENTATIVE BAKER.
I came here as an inmate along a:bout the 28th of January, 1906; I have been mistreated since I have b(;len here by Ross McCullough, when they put the feet on my head and held me down, well, Mr. McCullough choked me; I was hollering at the time, had done nothing only hollering, because I was sick and suffering from pain; they put me in the r?om then. I went to the Doctor that morning and asked him to prescribe some medicine and he told me he couldn't do nothing for me, and I got to suffering so much I
502

r
I

..,

Siince I came back from the T'win Building I have

.-'j
. i

been t1~eated all right, I have got no complaint to

make, but I was in bad shape when I came back from

the Twin Building, sir, I can tell you that; this year

is what I am speaking about; and in the last two

years, my health has been in very bad shape, and

I got Doctor J-ones to move me back to the T1win

Building, so that I could get medical treatment, be-

cause Dr. Little wouldn't come and give me medical

treatment, and I tried to get him in there, I tried to

get him and he wouldn't do it; one time him' and me .

had a talk in the room there, and he said something

about me going to the Twin Building, and I said no,

if I have got to die .I might just as well stay here

and die, and he says ''I'll give you sometlmg to give

you relief," and I sent to town mid got it right away,

,. :...{

a this was friend of mine, Mr. Griffil}., and he just

brought it and handed it to me; I was in the front

yard when he handed that medicine to me, and I put

it in my poeket and carried it to my room and used

it according to directions; that m.edicine I sent for

was alkalithia, it help'ed me; how came I to lmow

about it, I had a young man friend of mine, he said

he had one of the best doctors in Atlanta prescribe

it for him, and I sent and got it to try it; after I had

taken two 'bottles of it, the Doctors found out I had

it, and they took it away from me,-wouldn't let me.

have it,-Doctor vVhitaker knew that I had it,-gave

me a dose twice, it contained five grains -of iodide of

. potash, five grams of lithia and some bismuth and

pepsm.

Iwas mistreated by Mr. Osborne in 1907, best of

504

. 'j

on accmmt of Mr. Fluery, he said that I was fighting

him, which I wasn't, I didn't know 'anything about

fighting at I1im. He told me to go down there and

get a rag and wipe up some nastiness, and I told him

that it wasn't my business to go and get a rag and

wipe up that stuff, and he says "you are pu(here

to work," and I says "No, sir, I'm not, I'm not put

here to work," and he slapped me in the wire-guard,

and when Doctor Green came through he told him I

w:as fighting him, and Dr. Green told him it was all-

right, and went on and never paid no attention to

me at all, and he kept me two days in there, I have

at times had fights with the patients on the ward

that I was in. I had one fight with a fellow by the

name of -Williamson, I didn't have any fight with a

fellow named Clark,-I didn't know a fellow named

that. I never saw a patient mistreated.
"
They don't give us good food, nothing extra, but

I never complain of it ; I leave there sometimes

hungry, I get mostly enough, but there's others that

don't, because they are so crazy they don't ask for

it, and I have saw some that have asked for it and

been kicked back to their plate, and if they said any-

thing about it, they were carried back to the room,

the blue room; they would kick them just because

they asked them for something to eat, a hard kick,

the attendant did that. I have known other patients

being put in the blue ropm for not workipg; that's a

regular duty over 1-J:lere,-if you don't work they

force it on you; they have got the keys on you, and

Mr. Fluery told me, he says, ''damn you, you are

sent here to work'' I have many times heard the

506

r
!
My attendants knew that I was going to swear before. this Committee, and they have been down on me for a couple of days since you all have been here, they didn't make any threats in regard to how I swore, 'One of them told me-he didn't tell me, he told another fellow that it wouldn't be worth a damn, no way, what I told,-wouldn't be worth a damnthat was Mr. Fluery; I didn't hear him tell him that at all. I got into a fight with Mr. Camp; I dop.'t know what age man he is, pretty old, though; I'll tell you how it was, we was going to the yard, and him and a fellow by the name of Crawford, and three epileptics and me-l don't know whether he is epi- leptic or not, but I don't think he is,-I went to the yard, and they had it in for me and jumped on me, and I lmocked them off,-three of them jumped on me. I am not an epileptic. I don't know how many fights I have been in since I have been here; I haven't had nary one in about five moniJhs, about that long; I had a fight or mix-up with Mr. Camp; I don't lmow, but he says he got hurt, I didn't kick him, but he says I did. The attendants I have seen kicking people around here, are Mr. F'luery and Roy McKinley; -McKinley was discharged, I reckon, some of them says he was, for whipping a patient; I think that's all I know of.kicking patients.

i.

I

C. W. JONES, Sworn, testified:

I am an i11mate of this Sanitarium; have been

here seven years; I couldn't say. I haye been mis- .,

508

as big as your two :fingers; I haven't been fed any better this week than last, it's just chance, you know, some days I get mo~e than others; they either don't give it to us or neglect us; I am not slow about going. to the table, but some of them manage to hustle around and get a little more than others; I don't hustle around, I just take what is given me and say nothing.
Mr. Hollis never did knock me clown, he just had a-hold of me; I did report to my mother that be lm~cked me down, but that's a mistake.
I don't get any milk at all, I get what I ask for;. I'm not a. disagreeable patient, and if I don't get it
I l.et it go; milk is not distributed in the dining room
on the hall I have been on; they moved me fvom the ball I have been on, D hall, but previous to that I . got milk; I don't pay anything; one time they wanted to move me over to Dr. Allen's, but I never went over there; they don't get any pay from me, my people .don't send money here for me to buy things with-only with the exception of clothesmy mother sends a box about every month or two or three, and I get all of my furnishing goods through my mother at home-she's a widow, got no income at all. I haven't been sick since I have been here; I have had pretty good health. I have had eggs three or four times this year -and no milk at all; the last time I requested any milk was, you might say, three months ago; I see no milk at all served on the floor where I am now; I know the milk is there but I don't get it-the milk is on the attendants'
510

ing-some mornings I don't-that is the rule, for all of them to have a biscuit and a roll on their plate every morning; the sick folks get milk; they could spare us milk, it's on the attendants' table, you know, and I know they could spare a glass of milk, because the attendants all get it.

JOHN L ..MARTIN, Sworn, testified:

I presume I am an inmate here, I have been here

nearly three years; I thought I was treated rather

ll:rncoulthly and ~roughly~noithing disastrous,11y-by

the attendants, they didn't inflict any painful

wounds on me of any kind; as to the Doctors, their

deportment was generally very good; I think they

treated me with all proper consideration, according

to the way they treat others, I was treated just the

same as others. The rations are very sorry; it

wasn't so much the shortness in quantity as the

quality of it; the way it was prepared, it is prepared

something worse than it was when I was here thi1;ty

years ago-I have been an inmate twice here-I was

imve about nine years old then. I think I might

been

treated more genteelly, because I .was quiet, peace-

able man; I '11 make one statement-soon after I

came here-I was crippled badly by a bicycle, and I

was crippled badly, when I came here November

29, 1906, and I recollect going into the portico to be

shaved, and they would take me and push me out

into the yard when I wasn't able to get out, and I

512

. ,:.--
' ."'
i.
,.,;_:_;:,:::!
...

fed me faiTly well; no sir, the fare is pretty tough,..it's mighty poor. Such as it is; I have enough, I am under a good attendant, Mr. Hoss, and he gives me an extra biscuit and such as that. I haven't made any complaint about the preparation of the food, but it is poorly cooked, it is indigestible; all I got today to eat was that hash they had-I never got anything but that hash and a biscuit and a roll and just some cold ~ater and no sugar nor milk with it; T did get milk to drink, but they cut the milk out now; well, I get a glass occasionally now, when my head attendant goes out and gets it; sometimes I get it for breakfast or supper; as to whether many of the patients get milk i:p. the dining room, I don't kl!-ow; ever since my leg has been broken I am on this ward; I don't go to the dining room because those crazy fellows shoving so they'll break. my leg over; they bring it to me; I don't know how much :r:p.llk they drink in the dining room-only what the. other ;men say-I wouldn't tell you a story, sir, for anything-if_ I knew I would get my iiberty. What broke my leg; I was carrying a heavy bundle of clothes down the steps-I was forced to take the clothes down; the chiy before that, one of the attendants caught me-they have got a way of putting
their knee in the small of your back and giving you a jerk and knocking your feet from under youwell it would wrench the back of a jack ass, and that wrenc}led my back; and the next day, they ordered. me to take these clothes down steps, and I told him that I couldn't do it, that my back hurt me, and they threatened me with p1:mishmeiit if I didn't; well;.
514

tion-anything that's happened under Dr. Jones' administration; only .that I want my liberty, Pm not an insane man, I'm a double entry boold\:eeper, and also a :first-class railroad trunk line man. I wanted to get the job as post master at Swainsboto; I tried to get it.
JOHN A. GEE, Sworn, testified:
I am an inmate of this Institution; have been nine years; I solemnly swear that I have been mistreated here at various times-not since I liave be~~ on. the Convalescent, but during my stay at the Greeri Building, in the year 1900-what year, Dr. Jones, did we move from that place 1
Dr. Jones : It's been :five or six years ago. The Witness : Five or six years ago.
In the last three years I have been badly treated; I was taken by my heels and dragged from one end of the hall to the other, dragged f1iom my bed,.
choked and I was. in a physical condition-if my
physical condition had been better, sir, I should have
resented it at the peril of my life; the attendants dig that. Mr. George Ross was one of them, and I so
reported it to the powers, at the time; I reporte(l it to Mr. Simpson, I reported it to Mr. J ohnson1 and I think Dr. Powell was here at the time, but that I can't state positively; but nothing whatever was done with them, they paid no attention whatever to
516

insulting throw a plate n 1 r 1 1

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.
i

at
f: ;

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,

though,

at

the

table

for

nie ariel pounding me-he slapped me at

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the t
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t

same

man

Rainwater; .

the

attendants thatrare m charge of me .now on the hall,

'i:-1 '! i 1, ,F:')'I'!'I J :j'.!'

treat ,me very ;well, in fact, the head attenda;nt we

! ; : f,' I r ! i ~ :.-. ! : 't / ' 1i i_ , ! I ~ 1 I

.

1;wye onJ~~ ;yvar.d ~as no superior as a gentleman-

he a J>erfect .gentleman; his name ~de.ed,, .~

1 , , . : ' ~. l t

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.





.



IS

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Rossee. Under Mr.' Rossy and his assistants, during

_f ~ . I J ' .. ( 1 \ I i ,' j ;, ; ~ \

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his stay there, ;I have been well-treated; I have no

'[;_';':J';'i~:~.~~--:;',1'



fa;nlt to :find or complaint to make whatever agamst

' . ; ~ ! >.; ..... . 1;: f f .' ' ;

Mr.. Rossy, the 'head attendant. I have heard the.

i ,.= .,= ,.; ;-o:1:?:1

a_ttE)nd~nt? Cl~r~ing in the last three yea.rs, the Physi-

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ciaiis.

!~1. id:QF.

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't h

t\
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ar

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attendants

curse,

they

wouldn't

' i ~ i,.; ,_i .' ! . '}I \ { I }

.

clare curse ill ,the presence of the Physicians, or

i J; i: . I:: ) . I ,.:

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w}1ere the Phy9icians can hear them. The Physi-

t ; : i f ')1 ... : l

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.

cianjs a:round at my war.d once a day, unless he is

:, _1.; I ..--.' 1.): ~
si:mt for on smrie special ca11-in case of sickness of

cii the ~

1 . '' (

I 'I .

.

some

patients, and he stays a very short time

at'tliat.': Nob'ody but the atendant has the jurisdic-

ti'oii o:V.er lis on the hall; I wouldn't suppose they

wol.1ldJ lbe' a1lowed to curse according to the rules; I

have' :reported to the Physician that I heard them

c'nrsl.ri.g,'taid.::I have heard patients report it, and

there 1has 'been no effort made by the authorities to

cori'ect: that 'cursing by the attendants, that I know
b;' infa'ct,' I will be frank to s'tate that there is not
that' ~1isbipline, that the Doctors, they don't hold

their' atferidants accountable for Teports that are
rliad<'do them about the attendants; I consider. that it

is' riior<'i 'the fault or the Doctors for the discipline

f

I I

t:iiht :is' ':inriintained on the halls than it is of the at-

' ~ " ...; ') , I . : --' .

iendants 'themselves. I may be a little harsh in

; ' : j, i ,' ~ ~

.

518

.' I

over there, and no one will go over there and inform them, I guarantee you you'll :find it without a dipper right now; I'll state that they claim that the reason for that is that they have patients on the h~Jl__:._Mr. Phillips, namely-who will not allow a dipper to stay on the place; they say that he goes in and throws the dipper out; but at night, we have to call for the night-watchman to give us water, we knock on the door for the night-watchman, and_ he gets it for us; we have a very good one, and he says "you'll have to drink out of the bucket, there's rio dipper;" and I says ''I have taken occasion to go there and ask and plead for the dippers, and the only excuse I gofis that "we can't keep them there;" now, such a man on the hall, that throws dippers and other articl_es out, why shouldn't he be removed, and not allow other patients to drink like a hog or a dog?
I know what syphilis is; my understanding is Mr. Phillips is suffe.ring with the syphilis, and he drinks out of that same bucket that the other patients have to drink out of; I don't know whether
he has any sores on his body or not; l couldn't state
whether it could be contagious or caught from him or not.
As to how long I have been in the Convalescent Building, I couldn't give the dates, but I have eaten two Christmas d~nners there, I 'have been there about two yea1s; Dr. Jones comes through there . about every Sund::tY; it won't average every week, it would be about once every two weeks; I was under Dr. Jones and I can say for Dr. Jones, during his
520

never left his room at all-what is the United States

Army officer's name-the old gentleman-I don't

remember; I had a room v-ery near his; boxes of

grub would come to him to the amount of four or five

dollars-such things as a Yankee would know about

and know how to eat; I watched that box, and

watched how he was feel-and he bought stuff fre-

quently from Mr. Simpson, there, which Mr. Simp-

son's bills will show, and if he ever ate $1.50 worth

of that stuff during the time I was over there, I

never k:riew it; he would buy watermelons at various

times, two or three at a time, and he would ask for

his watermelon and half of a watermelon would be

sent him; finally, he called Mr. Ross, and says ''do -

I buy watermelons by the half; I pay for a whole

melon .and I want a whole one sometimes,'' and after

that it was sent to him; those things are true, so

help me God, I noticed those things particularly;

there is no redress; I had a box of fruit sent me-l

_hav,t;J; a J'iltter in my possession, where they say they

fi~n,Lm!'l.i,a.ppf>: .o,f,Yirgi~ia. ,wi~.esaps, which I am

Ye,J.:Yi fo:!fA 1?f, ,~alreh ~:q1 ;~? :IPJ:l:-;:-;-~;qcl, l,!gl)~r)ant~~7 tY0.11 sep.CJ. ?r! 1h2:;, t<;>vGer,t0;in ;w,a;r,q'i, .in; yy;ap~ts, ~nnE. .t.~f'l
rp11ti~nts. ,9,a;n ;t. !lop~ :~wt aHe,r. itfo,r; hi;ro.::?,e1f,,~n~l. t~f3 ,Ppy:;;ki~n ~_it;lmr, tpf3 Jl,ati-~nt.f?. w~l~.p.eyer s,ee ,a,ny, ,q~

th.at .,stnff_; .,s-q.c)l :th~l1;g$ h!lve. ((;xistE~\q1 ~,.have s~~P

.~ha.bmaY. exist y,e,i;, :b:1,1_t. Ido;q. 't. :thffik it .is vri.tb, ~~-!3

iku.o:wleqge :of. J)r., .Jpnes .i the atte;n~1a~,ts ta.ke. Oljarge

pf these. b_qxes, of fru~t' a:pcl p~oyisiqns; .tpey . artJ







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it .shI )enfm, .~P.:aP,sS,~hi:1t.'eio~ l~c1::o,;:r~n8_:e~:s9:~t.~o~~tithli.fi, s:phi, ;~ar:~ll~,.e_b~{ut:t};P:u.qn}!l~ef, ;s_;$o: \~_t)1h:;:et~

themselves, they don't get any. I have three of the men. at my table who never speak a word, three men as nice apparently in their manner as I ever saw in my life; I have seen those men sit down with a piece of gristly beef that I wouldn't give to anything-or a great big bone; come and look at the table, at some of the star patients plates, there's a nice piece of elegant beef; frequently they have to take a piece of beef from some other plate, in order to get enough to eat; not that I don't get it, because I get up and scuffie for it, I get up and tell them that I want it, but see these three men that are treated that way; I believe Mr. Rossy-in the absence of Mr. RossyI believe he's as good a man as can be put there; but I say a great many of the men are put here by somebody, and not for their worth to the Institution that they are paid here to serve.

J. JYL McBRIDE, Sworn, testified:

I eame here as an inmate on the 6th of October,

1903, and have been here with the exception of

thirteen days when I escaped last year; I haven't

any kick to complain of personally, you may say,

myself, against the offic<;lrs of this Institution, or

the attendants, for most of them, with the excep-

tion of two, are all practically friends of mine, but

I a,sk this Committee to help me get out of here,

that's all I want you to do. I have kept a journal

I

myi3elf, a record of everything I have seen here. I

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524

that _I would like you people to help me get my
liberty restored-it was taken from me illegally.

In regard to drinking water, we get drinking

water. out of the pipes in the bath rooms; go to the

pipes. with a cup in the morning, when the bath

room is open, but the bath rooms don't stay open

all the time,. and then they have buckets on the hall

or water room, with possibly six or eight or ten

buckets on the table there, with dippers; dippers or

cups are there pretty much all the time. Those at-

tendants that I had reference to, I don't consider

either one of them to be very bright, I consider both

I

of them to be two brutes, myself-fit subjects for the

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chaingang, myself-two men here that see~s to have been the foundation r~ot and branch of this
trouble; there are differences between them and the patients-these two particular attendants; I sup~

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pose. they have. been reported to the Doctors many

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a time; I never spoke to Dr. Jones ~bout it, hardly
ever get a chance, because Dr. Jones hasn't got no

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use for me, right straight out-he hasn't got no use

I

for me, he is prejudiced again'st me; I know that

from the way he treats me, or he would give me a

chance to receive my liberty; he would gi.ve me H'

chance to go before some court and get a writ of'
habeas corpus. I don't mea~ to say t:hat Dr. Jones

has got any pers.onal spite against me, but as the

head of this Institution, he hasn't given me a chance:

to receive that which belongs to me; I know that a

great many :pa.tients crave their liberty when it

- woulct be best not to give it to them, both for them-

selves and the- 'other people around them; that does

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JOHN HOLDEN, Sworn, testified:

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I came here as an inmate the 6th of September

I

last; I haven't been mistreated in any way since I

have been here; I was here before, and stayed six

months, lacking eight days; I wasn't mistreated in any ~ay during that time; I was here three _times;

before .that time I wasn't .mistreat~d in any way.

I don't know about them mistreating any other of

the. patients, you are asking me too much; I have

seen some of them kinder handle patients roughly;

I never saw them beat them or :fight them; I saw

them have a few little scraps with Dunnington,
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when he was over there. Dunnington would get to

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'raising Cain around the hall, and he was kinder un-

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ruly; I don't .think they gave hi~ any more P1lnishment thari he needed or was required to subdue him;

Dunnington was pretty rough, and I don't think they

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could control him ~ithout they were a.little rough

with him.

I don't think the food is sufficiently bountiful; we
need more of tlie quality and quantity there; the quantity of food that we get is not sufficient; the cooking is fairly good; I have made complaint to Dr. .Green a time or two; I'm working in the dining room now; and I get all I need now, but up to that time I .didn't; I don't think the other :patient:s get all they need; I have a good opportunity for knowing what they- get, working in the dining room:; and I know how it was before I went in there; they don't get milk unless they are sick-they give special requisitions for sick ones, once in a while; some of the

528
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them in the blue-room for not working, but I say that I have heard them threaten to do it; the kind of work they want them to do is, generally mop up on the hall with a dry mop, they claimed that it would. be exercise for them; I don't know that they required one of the patients to attend to another one when they didn't want to do it; I don'~ think they compelled them to do it, generally there is somebody on the hall that's willing to do it for them; those that are willing to do it and do do it; sometimes the attendant will give them a little extra stuff off their table, maybe get a little piece of extia meat or something, tl~ey do it with the hope of reward.
Drinking whiskey is the only trouble I have eve1: had; that is the trouble that brought me here. I never saw them force a patient to work that complained that he wasn't abl<p; the attendants take ch~rge of the work in regard to cleaning or scrubbing the floors, and they do some of it. I don'.t know aS' there is anything else I want to say to the Com-mittee; I want to get out and go home; that's one thing that I don't t!J.ink they do right-1 have got letters in my pockets from Dr. Jones, that he thinks I can go home, and I haven't got any answer; it's a rule that they hold every patient ninety days, and I haven't been here but seventy; I ha.d colmsel upon this thing, and he wrote Dr. Jones and 'Dr. Jones wN:ite~'hiin:rtnatthei'ewas nothing the matter with md,l a:rtcflhe1wo11ld iet 1 me~g'o(hi:tt: 1 he'~haf:lri't done it;
.my 1a:wyer I wars; Baldwin, i ;t-W ;A:_bHeV.ilie ;; g:! 1ji.:1st1i:he~
;him be~a:use f:was 1in<scl1ooJ;withHhiin at'ihcHie. wo ii
.)oq li11d>:r,Jtt; i!H ''" :.'t) !JI:d I l!;til '.l>"J'rfl,ib I
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I haven,t in any way been mistreated by any of the attendants, nor seen any of the attendants mistreat. any of the patients, except using them with force when they were unruly; they sometimes have to use force when they ar.e unruly; they never use any un-
necessary force to subdue them; just enough to
accomplish the purpose. The Physicians are kind and attentive to me; I have no complaint to make against the treatment of the Physicians; I don't get. enough food, and it isn't the right kind of foo(l either; I go hungry, only when .I go to the. attendants' table there-have to do that or go hungry;
it .could be fixed better; my complaint is as to the
quality and quantity; that's all the complaint I have to~make against the Institution; I'm a patient, I don't work in the dining room; I was talking .to the Doctor in the dance hall in your presence .the other evening about the food. I weigh as much now. as I did when I came here1 but I have spent a few dollars
since i have come here for something to eat-spent
to $10.00 here one month for something eat, the first
month I came here, and since then: I have done the same thing; of course I don't consider myse1f an old broken down man that don't need much to eat, but an able-bodied man like me does; T turn my money' over to the officers, and most anything you want you can get; I don't have an itemized statement of it, or anything like that given to me, but I keep a little accou~t of it; I have never asked for it back, but as a rule they keep the money for the patients, and I have the worth of the money in goods, such as I wnnt, and I know what the goods are worth that I
532

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else to d'rink-we have to drink that water, or not

any; these rough, boisterous patients do that; I

haven't complained to Dr. Green or to Dr. Jones,

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because I haven't thought o it. Dr. Green is my

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Physician.

In the dining room, I complain of the quantity - and the quality of the food; the quality is very bad
sometimes, and the quantity hardly enough. f0r- those that eat much;. it is eno1.-igh for me-I'm a small eater, but there's a lot that it ain't enough for; I am sp,tis:fiecl that there's plenty of them t?at don't get enough to eat; but I get as much as I need to eat and more besides, sometimes.

WILLIAM RUFUS. BRAKE, Swom, testified:

J

From. the 25th of J anuary, 1904, to the 14th of

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April, 1905, I was an in:r.nate here; I was never mis~

treated by any of the attendants nor saw any of the

attendants mistreat any of the patients in any way,

only in one instance; the attendant was Mr. Cook-

he was discharged pretty soon afterwards; I .don 'ii

know whether it was for mistreating a patient or

not; no orie else didn't see him but me, though, the

patient was going from the dor-mitory to the dining

room, and he was a little-late and he just grabbed

him by the neck and shoved' him and h.e grabbed him

by the neck the second time and shoved him on; no:.

body else didn't see that but me, all' the rest of the

534

of my stay here, received any cruel treatment or

mistreatment from any of the attendants in any

way, I have seen very _little of the attendants mis-

treating patients, I have seen some of it, but very

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little of it; to detail it, there was a patient over

there on the Green Building jerked the keys out of

the attendant's pockets one day, and threw them on

the floor, and the attendant tripped him up and

butted his head up and down on the floor; the. at-

tendant's name was F'rank Watso:i:t,-he isn't here

.now; that was not reported to the authorities of the

Institution; he wa.sn 't discharged, he quit. I saw

a patient choked, one night, to make him quit holler-
ing, by an attendant, whose name was McDade,__:_

patient's name was Murphy; that attendant- is not

here now, he has quit.

The food does pretty well, the quanti1ty of it is sufficient, and the quality of it is all right. I have an idea, if you will give me ten minutes to express it, against the In~titution,-if you will gi~e me an opportunity. I want to show you that luna-tics can be cured by diet, I lmow enough to know that ninetenths of them can be mired by diet; I haven't tried it oil myself. I wasn't sent here for being crazy, I was sent here for; dope; I'll give you an illustration, -Count Lee Tolstoi was thought to be crazy that way-let me have five minutes, if you won't give me ten1 I was sent here for using morphine.

(REPORTER's NoTE: The Committee agreed to hear from tlre witness for a few minutes; whereupon
ne 'by "read a: ver;y voluinino1.i.s. doc:ument pi'epa~;ed

536
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enough fruit and vegetable soup to keep down scurvy. But no meat, pickles, pepper or tobacco while under treatment, neither tonic nor any kind of stimulant. When people on .the :outside .of a lunatic asylum craves sour or hot things, they say they are bilious, but when a lunatic craves so~u or hot things it means he is going to have a crazy spell, and he will do all in his power to bring a~out that spell. I have seen so much of it I know before hand a lunatic is preparing for a crazy spell by his eating. He overloads on the strongest kind of food and it gives him delirium tremens. That is all insanity . is. More people die from food drunkenness than from whiskey drunkenness; some people who will not touch a drop of whiskey think they have a perfect right to eat all the pickles they want. A pickle :fiend is worse morally than a whiskey :fiend.
''Something over a year ago a patient died on our ward who had not had a crazy spell in seven years, his mind was as clear as a. bell, but a few weeks before he died he sent out and got a pint jar of mustard, he ate the pint of mustard in three clays and it made him as crazy as a bat for a week. Lunatics cannot recover at all if they are allowed ,to gorge themselves on trash and all the. strong food they can hold. In nearly every instance I have heard lunatics say that at one time they had indigestion and could not eat without the greatest pain, and they did not heed the danger signal; their systems and brain rotted, they got so they could eat without pain and this is why a lunatic is a. glutton ;food oozes through his system like slime, it does not pain him to over-
538

his voice simply has inspiration and melody. So you see how utterly useless the life of a lunatic really is, he does not give joy, gladness, peace, strength .or beauty to any life.
Max O'Rell, the Frenchmen who went on a lecturing tour in this country and bas written a lot about the United s~tates even in our own magazines, criticises severely the appetite of the American people. It is his opinion that we all eat to~ much, and thinks the American women eat as much for breakfast as they ought to erut all day. Insanity is on the increase, there is no denying that fact, and in :fifty more years, every man, woman and child in America will be crazy unless insanity is checked. The gluttonous Saxons of England were conquered by the light-eating Normans. The heavy-eating RussianR were conquered by the light-eating Japanese. Let us use a few Bible illustrations. The children of Israel had to die1 themselves for forty years on the lightest kind of diet before they could conquer their enemies. The children of Israel in the Wilderness craved garlic, leeks and onions, the very things thwt would burn out the nerves and stomach without giving strength to the body. It is human nature to crave forbidden things and yet often the things we desire will destroy us.
''Food stimulates the brain, there is no question about that, but there must be a brain there to be stimulated; a rotten brain can not be stimulated; therefore, the :first thing to do with a decayed brain is to create a new one. This can only be done by starving out on a light diet like bread and water
540

orrhreal patients are brought in here, and when we

do have syphilitic patients, we give .them separate

pla.tes and wash .basins-at the table they .have s,pe-

._:..

cial plates; we have had :none, though, for a long

time.

Mr. Vickers, who was here on the stand, I can give the Committee an idea of his history, I have his history here, I can give it to you he~re if you wish it; I will read part of it, just a synopsis; -the first part of this, the amanuensis was ''obtained from Dr. A. P. Taylor, his family physician. His palternal graJ?-dmother was an extremely high strung erratic woman, and all his immediate relatives were of the &arne erratic and severe characteristic make-up. His father was of intense alcoholic habit long before patient's birth, and died of chronic alcoholism. Father's sister was a :r;norphine habitue all her life; one or two close relatives of father are insane, one now in the Sanitarium. Orie insane and epileptic, with a sister not far from the borcle_r line..

''His personal history bas been one since infancy of depravity and his deeds and deportment with his family have been of such depravity as to always cause the deepest anxiety on the part of his family. He is coutin~Tally cr.eating the greatest disturbances of any and all species of depravity. Of late, for three or four years, he has become intensely religious and philanthropic, committing the most absurdly inconsistent offenses against morality and decency. Ever since a hoy in his teens be bas heen guilty of attacking young girls apparently with a

5~2

view of rape or begging them to submit to his approaches. He says he has been in many hundreds of such scrapes. He gives the impression of wanting to force them to submit, but has not been known to actually use force. He has always been released on the plea of unsound mind or by his sharp talk has deceived the officials and friends of the offended one. He is very shrewd in pleading his own cause. He turns against his family with the vilest reproaches when they attempt to advise him. He has always been intensely e'rratic and a degenerate in deportment." That was from his family physician, it came a day or two after he did; now, his mental sta~tus: ''The patient is quiet, reserved, spends his time in reading, does not help iii the ward work At times he is irritable, complains of not being treated with respect, of the patients about him, the noise in the building, and the food. On examination, he speaks spontaneously-' I am suffering this morning from constipation. My bowels have not moved for three days. I have as a rule every day an action, but when I am constipated, I have to force and strain and it hurts; it seems to be at the edge of the rectum but won't come out.' H(e has taken all kinds of laxatives and cathartics, but the constipation grows worse.
"He feels fairly good anclis in fairly good health but his kidneys act too freely. 'In writing, or if my mind is employed in thinking it will act on the kidneys.' His teeth need to be taken out, as they are the cause of his indigestion. He has astigmatism and needs to be treated for this. Has pains down
543

to resist subsequent ones. Exercise has no effect 11pon it, but constipation increases it. After succumbing to temptation, he has a repulsion for it and for himself. When he goes to a hotel or boarding house, and :finds little girlS' there, he frequently leaves to escape temptation. 'That thing is in my eyes, as Peter says 'eyes full of adultery that can't keep from sinning.' ''

"He has no. attra0tion towards males and none

ttowards adult women. When seven _;years old a

little negro girl took him under a bush raised her

I

~lothes and showed him her genitals. He was

"charmed like a snake charms' and has ever since

been affected by a female child's organs.

''He was religiously brought up, has had wonderful religious experiences; tries to lead a consistent Christian life, has prayed earnestly and tried to overcome this obsession. No one outside of his own family knows of his condition, he thinks, and he has never consulted a physician about it. He feels that there is a barrier between him and other people. 'I feel that they feel it somettimes, the barrier seems to rise without cause.'

He has no fear of anyone :finding out his condition. "I begin to _hope to accomplish something in life, when the sub-consciousness arises 'what's the use, this will prevent YOU.' I hope to rise in the bu~iness world, hope_ to marry, hope to take my place as a man, what's the use."
Occasio~a11y he lms a natural desire for inter-

545

the water they have to drink, though it may be that they go down there and do that. I haven't had any reports by the patients in regard to the attendants cursing, only today, anc} that was just a few moments ago,-that was a young man who complained of that, and I investigated the complaint, I investigated t.l;le matter-I believe it was yesterday, and I investigated it and he refuseclto tell me who his witnesses were, he told me who the man was, and I asked him about _it and he denied it bitterly, and I investigated it today, as I say, and the man he told me says he will swear he hadn't uttered an oath around him or mistreated him in any way; I make every effort to find out those things, and if I do find out, why I deal with them accordingly.
If Captain Gee stated it was a frequent case that the dippers were gone, frequently hours at a time, and they had to chink out of the buckets, that isn't the case; his complaint about having a gol4 headed walking cane taken away from him has never come to me, nor his complaint of having lost a ring too.
DOCTOR Y. A. LITTLE, Recalled, testified:
I remember Paul Phillips, a patient in this Institution; I could look up the records and tell you how long I was his Physician; I gave up the Convalescent Building the first of January, this year; he was probably my patient some six or eight months prior to
548

T'. H. DESAUSSURE, Sworn, testified:
I am Engineer of the Institution; the Engineer has charge of the mechanical department, the buildings, grounds and machinery and lighting, plumbing, steam fitting and sewerage; I have no assistants, I have workmen under me, they vary from forty to eighty, according to the work that is being done; the pumping station is under me also; we pump in the neighborhood of 450,000 gallons of water during the summer time, and in the winter time it is some~ what less, ample for the needs; we pump only for the Insti.tution; no taps on the line whatever; the farm has waterworks of its own, that isn't connected with the Institution water works up on the river.
We buy our electric current from the Oconee River ~Iills, their station is abol~t three miles from here. We pay for the current, four cents and eightysix one-hundredths of a cent per kilowatt; we are just about getting to burn the lights, and we can't tell just yet what the electric lighting costs per year. I don't think it would be cheaper to have this in connection with the waterworks; we haven ~t a dam at the water plant, nothing to generate ele0tricity, no machinery there except pumping machinery.
As to the needs of the Institution, we ought to have a reservoir with larger water capacity, I think; we have direct pressure, we can put 110 to 150 pounds, if necessary-70 pounds is considered good fire-fighting pressure, so as to protect all the buildings. As to the larger reservoir, that is essential,
550

building; we have a fire department here, and have a fire drill every two weeks; the men come out and handle the hose, open the fire plugs and clear out the nozzles and play water 'round, just to familiarize themselves with the management of it; the male attendants compose that fire department.
I look after the sewerage and plumbing; the condition of the plumbing is very good; the sewerage is very good; we carry our sewerage off to the creek about a mile and a quarter from the buildings; the plumbing has been-some of the closets have b.een defective, and we are gradually renewing them; I think there are perhaps about twelve more to be renewed, then they wl.ll all be in good, first-class condition; I would say first-class condition for all the buildings with that exception; it will compare with the plumbing of any other building of like character and for like uses; some of the bath tubs in the buildings are old cast iron and black on the inside,never been enamelled, they were put in there before the days of enamelling bath tubs; if the gentlemen would give us the money, we would be glad to put in something better, an iron enamelled tub, porcelain is better than that, I don't know 'Of anything better than porcelain; to equip the entire buildings with porcelain bath tubs; they cost about two or three hundred dollars apiece; this Institution is worthy of the very best, but I don't think a porcelain tub would be appropriate-a porcelain lined tub would do better than a porcelain tub for Institutional work; it is practically as good as an all-porcelain tub, as far as sanitation goes; a porcelain tub
552

agement of the Institution desited to introduce certain witnesses, which witnesses were not then acces8ible, Representative Carswell, as a sub-committee of one, :would, upon notification of the UJ.anagem\:lnt of the Sanitarium, proceed to Milledgeville, upon a day to be :fixed by him, and take th~ testimony of such witnesses as said management desired:to iutro~. clnce, and to incorporate the same into and as a part of the record, for the consideration o:f the. wl1ole
of Committee. The Committee to meet in the city
Atlanta, in the Senate Chamber, in the State Capitol, on the 20th' day of December, to hear s~e~ Qtl}e/
as and further evidence, and for such other bu~ines_9
might properly 9ome before it at said time.
Purs11a:nt to adjournment, the hearing was' re- sumed on December 8th, 1909, in the Sanitarium, near Milledgeville, Georgia, Representative Cars:.. well, under directions of the Committee, acting as a committee of one in the taking of the evidence. The following proceedings were had and testimony taken:

H. B.' FLUERY, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

i

I am a .n.ur_se here, and have been here about_

z~ j

thirty-one months; I knew a man by the n;;tme of R. R. Dunnington; I worked on the ward with him;

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in there and seized him, I just locked his' door and put him in the wire-guard room, and we couldn't get the window to lock, and so we taken him and put him in one that would lock, and came out and locked the door; we didn't leave him in an unconscious condition none of the attendants struck Mr. Dunnington; he stayed in that room where we put him that time until the next morning; I don't know what condition he was in the next morning; he wasn't on the hall that I was on, but Mr. Simpson seen him the next morning -Mr. Simpson was .the man th~t looked at him the next morning-I didn't see him myself; I was called in to help, on that occasion, Mr. Harris was by himself and didn't' want to go in on him, and wanted to get 'him out and lock him up without having any trouble with him; the purpose in getting several attendants was to manage him. so that he wouldn't hurt. any of them; it took several attendants to handle him at such times.

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M.L. T'HOMBSON, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I'm a nurse here, and have been about :five years and ten months; I never had a man by the name of R. E. Dunnington on my ward, I assisted in locking him up one time, I suppose he refused to go to bed at nine o'clock, and his attendant couldn't get him to go to bed; he backed up in his room with a chair, and the attendant had to call for help; Mr. Flueq, Mr. Hadaway and myself assisted him in locking
556

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that he would resist you, and we got that many to

avoid hurting him or to avoid any of the attendants

getting hurt, was the reason that there was as many

of us as there was. I do not force my men to work;

I ask them kindly to help keep the ward in condition;

but don't make them do it, if they are not willing to

do it, I let them alone. I have no recollection of see-

ing any other attendant mistreat a patient; if one at-

tendant were to mistreat a patient and another at-

tendant saw it, he would report "it to the Assistant

Physician or to the Supervisor; there is_ no under

standing among the attendants that they mistreat

patients and keep it from the officials; I ask the pa-

tients to help me with my work, and if they refuse,

I let them alone, if they are not willing to help, that's

the rule.

N. J. LARY. Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I am night-watch, and have been about thirteen months; I was on day duty while Mr. Dunnington waS' here; I think I had trouble with Mr. Dunnington while I was on day duty; I had him on the hall with nie, three different times; while I was in charge of the ward-I w~s in charge previous to night watching, and I had him on the ward with me three differ-ent times; abo~1t the trouble I had with him to begin with, in first moving him to T' ward, that I was in charge of, he was-n't in the ward more than two
558

he undertaken to make Mr. Harkness hush, and he tried to fight him; he tried to make him hush by just talking to him, abused him like, I don't remember the exact words he said to him, he cursed at him and abused him in his language-using abusive language to him, and Harkness would curse back at him, and of course, that would naturally cause a fight, you know, they were engaged in a difficulty when I interfered; I did call on another attendant to help me, but he didn't fight me _on this occasion, we locked him up without-he didn't resist being locked up on this occasion; when I had the difficulty with him, I did call on the attendants to help me; one of the attendants came to me, the attendant did come to me, but it was after he hit me that he did-I grabbed at him and held him until the attendant got there and he assisted me in locking him up, that attendant was Mr. Harris, he isn't here now, he's gone; in locking him up, we didn't force him, or tie him, or drag him, or beat him or anything of that kind, just took hold .of him, got hold of his arms and legs; of course, if he co1nmenced kicking, we would get hold of his legs, and of course, if he tried to strike you, get hold of his arms, you know, and carried him to his room that way; I am acquainted with Dunnington's reputation for peace and violence as established in this Institution; he was very apt to raise difficulties wherever he could-he was very crabbed and cross; he got along with the patients in general; very bad, generally; so far as my best recollection goes, those difficulties that he had with the patients, arose through his fault, generally; he showed a disposition to im-
560

i / l/
r
j '.._.~:',1j
!

he would quit when he got ready, that the attendant hadn't told h.im not to, nor to quit blowing it, and, he cussed him to a damn son of a bitch and,grabb,~d. hili! a. chair) hit him twice:--Dr:..S~int was waiti11g on. me at the same tim_e and .he jumped out of th~ ,qed: and hit him twice with the chair on the anp.-:-like to broke Stansell's arm; I don't mean Dr. Swint was present at that time; he was waiting on the patient at the time, I mean; we carried him clown to the wireguard-I walked on clown with Mr. Kitchen until_we got clown to the wire-guard, I was~ 't going. to do nothing to him, I was just going to keep him f1;om fighting, and he cussed Mr. Kitchen to all kinds of' a damn son of bitch and said nobo:cly in the .A.sy1um but son of bitches-he didn't seem to rlpp'reciate nothing; the Doctor ~eemecl to feed him too~ good, ordereclhim a steak twice .a day and a pint of milk;: and it come to the attendants' table and I-taken care,
of it. for Dunnington, and he didn't seem to appre-i
ciate -the treatment of _the Asylum, nocnobody :in. the Asylum; but after he was put in the wire~guarcl:-'--:1 didn't finish that---,he cussed me -to a damn son of a bitch, and when he. got out, Mr. Hubbard told me: ''don't touch him;'' I clone as Mr. Hubbard told me, and I says ''all right,'' and he jumped up and says,. "oh, yoi1 fucked your mother and your sister" -started that in my . face'-,-''.and you are a damn son of a bitch," ancl.everything else; Mr. Hubbard said, "just- pull offyour clothes and get in the wire-guard;" he said Hubbard was nothing but a lo..;.,do:wn S'on of- a bitch, when he p1l.t him in the; wire-guard-cussed Mr. Hubbard and everybody-else to a damn son of a bitch--,-that's the way of the start-
562

him, he struck me up side of the head, but that dicln 't
stop me from stopping him taking the patient's meat. After he was moved on U, clown on U ward-the Doctor moved him, that was after they moved him off X hall, and one morning I started to breakfast-there was another patient by the name of Norton, who had the rhel~matism, he walked crippled~I didn't pay no attention to Dunnington, started on to my breakfast, as usual, and as I passed him he started at me with his left hand, that way (illustrating) and struck me with a st~ip of iron or something, I think, though, by the way it popped, it was a strip of iron, if I had stepped another step he would have busted my skull, he would have struck me right square in the temple, .he came mighty near bustin my skull as it was, he struck me right up there (indicating) with it, done his best to kill me; it certainly did knock me down, I wasn't expecting a blow from him at all, he just walked up and catched Norton's right hand-well, you know, he hits left-handed. He told the Doctor and attendant that he expected to kill me when he got out of the wire-guard, with a mop if he couldn't get hold of anything else-said he was going to kill me with a mo1p if he couldn't get anything else; I knew him to have trouble with the other patients, plenty of them-that fellow Russell, that came from .A.ugusta, you know, epileptic-I don't know their names, but I know their faces-he was playing cards with him and hauled away with his :fist and hit him on the nose, made it bleed-let's see, he had twq or three :fights' in the dining room-he was fighting _ mighty near all the time; it looked like he would pick out as weak a man as he could to :fight, something, you
5G4

~-

'~1

money out of their pockets and give it to me; I have been here two years and lmow Mr. Beck ain't even

J

looked cross~eyed at me, that's the truth, Mr. Beck is

just like a father tb me and all his patients, and

when a man is sick on his ward, if he thinks a man

is sick and needs a piece of steak, he takes it him-

self, picks up a dish from his table and gives it to

him himself; I work .in the dining room; I worked

there all last year; them that work in the dining

room get some more to eat than the others, they get

butter and a little more meat to eat; them that work

in the dining room, waiting on the attendants' table,

you get a little bit more, but them that wait on the

patients don't; the attendants don't have any better

food than the patients, outside of a little piece of

meat-now some of them might send and get some-

thi.ng.. Two was all the fusses I had with Dunning.:.

ton while he was here; I am not a physically better

man than he; I ain't got but one side, my left side

aint no good to me, my heart is bad; this man Pope

is a weakly man, Dunnington's a better man than

him, because Dunnington don't have :fits and he does,

and that's weakening, you know. As to why I am

now in the Asylum, I know the nature of my trouble,

me I was sent over here for a gun scrape, is what they
charge with, I suppose they had it insanity, I am

riot an epileptic, I never had no kind of fit in my life,

no kind of spells at all. The whole time I have

b(;Jen here, I have never seen any mistreatment by

. any of the attend~nts to any of the patients, nothing

moie than when a patient gets to cutting up and

;rearing and cussing, an attendant will go and carry.

566

along well at all. I don't make the patients work; I have never seen anybody mistreat Mr. Dunnington. I knew Mr. Dunnington, while he was confined here several months, I would see him and know what his name was. I don't remember that exact time he was on the ward I was connected with, some two or three months, though, I would say; probably three months; I know his general reputation for violence or peaceableness, his general reputation was, he was always in difficulties with the patients, and was very hard to get along with-he was always fighting somebody; at the time that he had this trouble with Carter, that I spoke of just now, there was no unnecessary violence whatever used in putting him up~in locking him up in the wire-guard; there was no unnecessary force used; there was no injury done by any of 1the ~cttendants. to Dunnington, he wasn't locked up at that time; I did see him locked up at the time that he was in the fight with Pope, we taken him to the room and locked him up then, I don't think he was locked up that time but about a couple of days-best of my memory; as to how many of us it took to lock him up, why, there was only two of us attendants taken hold of him and carried him to the room, he resisted a little. I didn't see Mr. Carter with the knife or nail, something of that kind, in his hand before I went on him; I didn't tell Dunnington ''he has got a knife or nail, you go take it away from him." Mr. Hubbard, the head attendant, didn't leave me there to look after these men when they were in this position, one with a knife or nail; I didn't lmow that Carter had the nail when Dunnington went on to him, I didn't tell Mr. Dunni~gton
568

~

syrup, b:ntter, coffee, light bread, it is always served

!

in a sufficient amount for anybody; there is most al-

i
I

ways something left on the table from every meal. It

I

isn't often the case that ,everything that is on the

table is eaten; I think really they ought to have a

little more than they get, but the main thing, I think,

it isn't prepared like it ought to be, in some in-

stances, it isn't properly prepared, I think, iS' the

main trouble; but so far as the quantity of it is

concerned, I think they have enough; it is prepared

in this way; in cooking vegetables over there, they

put them, over there, in the pot, they don't cook any

meat with them, and when they are taken up they

are never cut up, you know, tore apart, you know,

none of them seasoned like. they ought to be, but

especially in the T'win Building, over there, the eat-

ing over there is pretty tough, the way they prepare

it; while the quantity of it, I think they have plenty

of the quantity, but the quality is pretty tough, some-

times, I think, there is enough of it, but the way it is

served is what I don't like; the meat is all right and

iS' cooked all right, and the bread is just as good as

it could be, I think, I think it's all right too; the

vegetables is the only thing that I complain of, I

think they ought to be cooked better, ought to be

. seasoned more highly.

i

.l

A. J. HAvVKINS, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

. I know about Mr. R. E. Dunnington, he was a

patient here at one time; he was moved on my ward

570

the 4th o.f January last, and he was moved down.

there for :fighting, I suppose, off of X ward, and the:

next-morning he had a :fight coming to the dining_

room with Mr. Carter, another patient-knocked him

in the head with a piece of iron, foot of an iron fen-

der-a wire fender, that went over the register; Mr.

Dunnington was inclined to raise difficulties himself,

and raised them himself, he was hard to get along

with, while he was' with me; I had occasion to have

to lock him up, coniine him, but I didn't ever have

to use any undue force with ,him, or injure him in

any way at all, he never resisted me either time-I

_locked him up twice, while I had him; I never choked .

him while I was in charge of him, nor beat nor ducked

him, nor saw him ducked. I don't compel my patients

to work, none of them have ever been beat because

they would not work The .food is generally. about

the same when-the Committee is here and when thBy

are not here, I don't see any difference at all in it; .

:.

I think it is prepared about as well as it could be

j

expected, considering the quantity it is cooked in-

cooking in large quantities, you know, and sometimes

it is not really aS' good as.it would be if it wasn't

prepared in such large quantities, but as a general

thing, it is pretty fair; they all seem to get enough,

such as jt is.

I am an attendant; I think these patients get as much food as they need, there's a good deal of complaint about it, but I suppose it's gEmerally pretty much one diet all along, and a fellow gets wore out -ori it sometimes; the attendants liv'il on the same food that the patients do; altogether, but sometimes, when

571

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I
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any name that sounded like Willett or Willis, there isn't a Willis here now, tl~at I know of, don't know anything about choking T'om Willis or Willett either.
DOCT'OR R. C. SWINT, Recalled, in Rebuttal, testified:
I had Mr. Dunnington under my care, as Assistant Physician, for sometime; he was very irritable and turbulent---:-always getting into :fights and making accusations against the atten:dants here; the mere fact of the number of wards that Mr. Dunnington was moved on during the time he was in the Institution, speaks for his character; patients after they are admitted to the Sanitarium and classified, are hardly ever transferred from one ward to another unless there is some special reason, and sometimes they may stay here for years with only one or two moveS'; now, Mr. Dunnington, after he was transferred from the Reception Ward, was put on ward W, and he had a :fight, and was so very much wrought up the next morning, so he complained so, that he didn't like the attendants and the patients on that ward, I had him moved, had him put on the bottom :floor, and he stayed down there a short while e<;>ntented, but it wasn't many days before he had a :fight with an attendant clown there-I mean with a patient, and bit off tlie end of one of the patient's :fingers. This patient, at the time, was jus-t getting over an r!ttack of paralysis and was practically help-
573

vestigated it; and so I transferred him from. there
to X, and he had the difficulty with Carter and Pope
on: X, -as has already been related, so I had to move

him from there to U ward, and he was on that ward

two or three weeks-I don't remember exactly- now '

how long, before he was transferred to the Convales-

cent Building and went home. Now, I remember

very distinctly . about Mr. Dunnington tel1ing me

about breaking his finger; I notice that he testified

before the Committee that he got a broken finger and his finge1~ was neglected. He called my attenton to

his finger-! think he got in a fight or probably

struck one of the patients or attendants, one, with

Ms fist and he told me his finger was. broken, I ex-

'.I

~imned hs' finger and his finger was cl'ooked, but no

''

(jvide:ilC.e of .any .fracture of arry ?f the bones of the

finger, no evidence of any inflammation, the finger wasn't swolle~ particularly, it appeared not to be

inflamed in any way at all, there was no evidence

of any recent trauma, but I remember his calling

my attention to it, but it looked more like a base-

ball finger I never noticecl it before, but I was cer-

tain it wasn't a recent injury, didn't demEmd 'any

treatment, if 'it had, I would have 'givEm it to him-

it would have been useless to put that finger in a

spiint. The entire. time that he was in the Institution .he 'was complaining' and getting into fight~

the fact is, he was the worst patient I believe I ever saw; and his conduct-he was just One of thOS\3 patients that wanted to have his say about everything and domineering; his conduct outside was of the same character as it was on the inside, except he was worse; I always paid attention to his complaints

575

1
it was kept there just simply for the convenience of the patients; Simpson told me_ that he had Dr. Pow, ell's permission to keep the goods there, for the convenience of the patients, just small articles, like smoking tobacco, some little canned goods, or some. thing of that kind.

J". M. GILLMAN, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:

My occupation is nurse. I have been connected

with the Sanitarium .twenty-three years. I was de-

tailed to the regular night watch's place a night or
two, within the last six months.. Mr. Charles vV.

Vickers, a patient here, stays on Hall number twenty-

one, now; he has been on my ward-nineteen, on one

occasion he charged me with being asleep when I

was on duty at night; I don't know anything about

.I
I'

being_asleep on duty-I wasn't asleep on duty, while

I was on the night watch, as to his saying that he

peeped under the door, one night when I was on

duty, and heard me snoring, that is not so, I didn't

do that. I do not :k;now about any cruel treatment in-

..r' .(

flicted on any patient by any of the attendants here

now; I think all of the attendants here treat the pa-

tients as kindly and as well as they can.

578 . i

tients, and as I say, aggravating them in many different ways; only recently, directly after the lights were put in, he took one of the electric lights and threw it against the wall and broke it; and he had this trouble with Mr. Gillman that I spoke of awhile ago, before the Committee; I examined this matter and found it to be a physical impossibility for him to see Mr. Gillman-he was actuated in this charge by the fact that Mr. Gillman had made him leave the 19 ward and go back on his ward, because it was against the rule for patients to roam all about and walk about on the floors, the attendants having as many patients as they could well look after, besidea uther patients coming down there and having the liberty of the wards, especially such a patient of his characetr; and then, he coulcln 't have found out about Mr. Gillman being asleep on duty, he couldn't have seen Mr. Gillman, nnd when he told me that nnd I investigated the matter and found he couldn't possibly see it, I told him thnt, and he abused me very muchcal1ecl me a liar and said I was taking up for Mr. Gillman and all; it is a frequent occurrence for him to come up and <?all me a liar, especially if I disagree with him in any way. Taking him all around, he is one of the most disagreable patients I have ever had anything to do with. As to what he was charged with before he came here; he is a sexual pervert, having as a fetich the genital organs of a child. I don't consider him reliable at all, I wouldn't believe him on his oath, because the characteristic of these cases is to lie and steal and everything else; he talks nieely and everything like that, and one not knowing his history would easily believe him; the man's mental power is such
580

- - - --- --------------- --

--- -- - ----- -

------~-----~~--

an idea of it, when he becomes depress'ed, he walks

around the ward without any shoes-you can't get

him to wear any shoes, sometimes; I hav.e seen him

with his penis out-I ha-ve seen him at times with

his penis out, walking around on the ward his clothes

barely hanging off of him___;he walks around with his

clothes hanging off; at otherr timHS', he is up in the

air, and talking about all kinds of things; when he

is gi-ving form, expression, to his delusions, such as

what he has done with women-he has gone 'so far as

to say that some women-well, e-v-erything in the

world imaginable, when it comes down to wo:men, his

thoughts are m01st licentious on those occasiops. As

to whether mental condition of Captain Gee is such

..-:
-i

as he could mal\ie a coherent statement, based on the

r. ~

:.!'i

truth, or whether I take it to be true because he made

it at all; no sir, not with his mental condition, and

ha-ving gone in his condition as long as he has-after

it has progressed so far-his dementia-l wouldn't

accept his testimony aS' reliable at ali-in any case

that has gone so far, that is, in his classification, I

wouldn't accep~ it, after it has gone so far as his

has; there arepatients here who can tell a coherent,

correct, truthful narrati-ve, some of whom I would be-

lie-ve about as quickly as I would anybody, and belie-ve

them implicitly, but as to this particular indi-vidual,

I wouldn't belie-ve him; that is not because of any

-inherent wickedness or meanness, but I base my

opinion on his mental condition.

582

New York State Hospital for the Insane; and at hotels and restaurants bes1ides; as to the quantity and quality of the food here, how it compares witib. the New York Hospital and other institutions in the New York Hospital we have more variety, sir, but the amount of food served, I don't think is any more than we have. I think it is prepared here just as well as it is in the New York Hospital, so far as my ob- . servation goes; I consider there is plenty of food given to the patients here; I think if the Institution had more money, it would be a great deal l;>etter, we could give them a different variety, then, and not the same food every day.. I see this food after it is put on the table for them to eat, it is part of my duty to see that the cooking is well done; after it is cooked, I go to the dining halls and inspect this food after it is taken in there for them. On the Male Department, I do, I have a chance of observing it in the Male Department, but in the Female Department, I don't as a general thing go into the Femade Department, sir, we have practically the same bill of fare day in anclday out, at the end of the year, it varies some, during the summer months, we have some vegetables, but there are two or three occasions, two or three times a week that we serve fried souse, and soups and things of that kind, and maekerel for breakfast, and cheese two. or three times a week, so there is certainly S'ome variety, sir. The flour and the beef and everything that is got liere is of good quality; I consider it :first-class quality.
584

ment by the attendants to a patient, I don't bhink there would be any hesitancy on, the part of the other attendants to report it to Dr. Jones, while I am staying out in the yards, I have several attendants to go with me and the attendants to assist me, in the yards, and if there was anything of that kind going on, any attendant imposed on a patient, I should let Dr. Green know it, or Dr. .Swint, whichever Physician that was in charge of that Building.

I own my home now, I have rented a house from

Dr. Jones at one time; I never heard of Dr. Jones

keeping an attendant on duty aftei it had been

proven. that he had been mistreating patients in any

way whatever. I don't believe fro:q:t my knowledge

,,,
.~ .
.~~ .

of the conduct of this Institution, since I have been

here, that any of the Board, attendant Physicians or

the Superintendent would allow any attendant to

stay here at all, if he had been mistreating patients,

I hiwe never known them to .do it-to let .a man stay

h~re that imposed on the- patients or mistreated them,

so far as my knowledge, I have known them to be

put out-discharged; whenever there is complaint

made to the Doctors of mistreatment of patients,

they always investigate it right away.

H. B. Roberts, Sworn, in Rebuttal, testified:
I am an attendant here, on F' hall; I lmow M_r.
B. G. Camp; I did not threaten him when he came
1586 j
. 1
I

-' ------
I

.

--~-

--~~-- ~----

--~

___,__

-- --- --~-

---~-------------

having been mistreated on any occasion. As to his claim that he was put in .a room and stripped naked and beaten, and that it was on a very cold night that he was taken out and stripped and beaten, and I
was in there and helped to beat him, .I don't lmow
anything about that at all; I had never seen. him, until that clay that they had him down stairs, to know him; and I don't know of any mistreatment or cruel treatment that he received at the hands of any of the attendants here; and I didn't beat him my~elf or treat him cruelly in any way; I dicln 't know him, as I say-didn't know him at all.
._.,),
,.>-:'i
- ~1
!
W. C. SIMPSON, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I have been conn~cted with this Institution about eleven years, ne-arly, I know Mr. B. G. Camp, I couldn't ~i'ay exactly how long I have known him; he was in the Green Building awhile, under Mr. vVatson, there in his ward; I do not lmow .anything about his being mistreated at the time, we had a little disturbance with him one night, he tried to break out of his room and we went in to see what the trouble . was with him, and we had a fight with him, and he trie-d to kill me with a piece off of a bed spring, I only tried to get hold of him to keep :P,im from hitting me, but I never did succ.eed; only Mr. 0. L. Daniel assisted me, he came to my assistance-he was . night watching extra that night, filling Mr. Kemp's pla_ce temporarily;. Mr. Camp had knocked out the
588

F. 0. BAT'SON, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I am employed here at the Sanitarium; I have been an attendant here; my position with the Institution now is :fireman. I remember a man by the name of Willettt-Mr. E. H. Willett, being on the hall with me; he was' not a very good patient, he was somewhat disagreeable; he accused me of mistreating him, of choking him. I don't remember on what occwsion it was, but it was during the time that Dr. Hunt was here; Dr. Hunt told me to make all the patients that were able, go out in the yard, and Mr. Willett refused to go, and I told him that he would have to go; and he has a private rocking .chair in his room, and I went in-it's a small .chair, and I taken it by the arm in a gentle way, and started to carry him out in the yard, and he je-rked loose from me and picked up the chair and tried to hit me with it, and I caught the chair with one hand and caught ~1is arm, the arm that he had on the chair with the other, and I jerked the chair loose from him and taken him by the shoulders like, and started to carry him down and lock him up in the room, and Mr. Simpson came in there abou:t that time and Mr. Simpson told me not to lock him up if he would promise to behave himself; so I didn't lock him up. But he reported me at that time to Mr. Simpson, for choking him, and Mr. Simpson examined his throat and neck and told him, "Mr. Willett, you don't look like you have been choked,'' and he told me, he says ''don't lock him up if he will agree to behave himself;'' so Mr. Willett shook hands with me and begged apologies for trying to hit me with the chair, and in a few
590

I
before I went there; I do not know of anybody else
ever having kicked him; l haven'~ seen anybody ki'ck
him. Mr. O'Byme would stop on our hall, which W?-s against the rules, and I would take him up stairs, to where he belonged rut; in coming up from the dining room he would get up there and stop, he wouldn't go on up on the hall that he belonged on; in carrying
him up stairs, I never did :Ifave any trouble with him;
he didn't. want to go sometimes, and I would take him on up there anyway, I never had to call in assistance to help me take him up; he would alwayg go, I never
01: had to use any violence force to get him up; it
wasn't no trouble to get him up; of course, he didn't want to go sometimes, but he would go, though without giving me any trouple. I have never lmown any of the attendants to strike him or injure him in any way. vVhen he came here, I think he was pretty destructive-he seemed to be, tore up his clothing; you couldn't keep no clothes on him at all, part of tl1e time; he was right noisy, used bad language; I don't ln1ow that he was ever in any fights, I never have seen ihim in any fights; I don't know of his having ever been mistreated 'by any of the attendants. vVhen he went up from the dining room, he didn't have to pass through my ward, but the steps that he went up passed on through, and I was on the bottom floor and he was up over me, and most of the time he would come in there and go clean on clown the hall and stop and talk to the patients, you lmow--:it wag right smart worrisome, and I thought it was my duty to takehim up to the ward where he belonged on; in . doing that I never did curse him or abuse him in any way, nor hear any other of the attendants do so, or
5D2

the Committee was here three weeks ago, whether any difference then from what it was at any other time, if it is, I can't tell it-they never put any of it where I was at. I never did know of any of the attendants to strike Smiih or hurt him in any way at all. I _know McKinley, a former employee here, that has been discharged; McKinley knew Smith too, he stayed on the hall that McKinley was .on something like three weeks; they moved him from L ward for . fighting, to J, and he stayed over there with McKinley-they moved McKinley there, I think, after they moved Smith over there, and Smith stayed over there somewhere about three weeks and they moved him back there to L; McKinley has. been discharged now. I don't know for what, I was staying in one building and he was staying in another. As to the relationship between me .and McKinley, why, it seems that he is friendly with me~I saw him since dinner and he spoke to me; he is living out in Midway, right in front of me. If he is following any business, I have never seen it; I don't lmow of my own knowledge that McKinley has seen John Smith la:tely. As to how I regarded J olm Smith with respect to truthful~ ness, well, Mr. Smith, he don't tell the truth very often, if he can help it, I don't think, he would tell a story about the difficulties he would get in whenever he would have a fight, lay it on somebody else, the 9ther man was always in fault, every time; he is considered a regular fighter. I don't know of my, own knowledge whether Smith ever loaned McKinley any money or not; I never heard Smith say he loaned Mr. McKinley any-I heard him say that he loaned Mr. Willis' some money-W. A. Willis.- I
5,94

thing to him if he didn;t cb it, and I didn't do any-
thing to him, never knocked him clown, nor choked him, nor did anything to h1m, never hurt him in any way. When I say I insisted on his working, tJhat insistence consisted in my telling him ~~ he would clo it, take some exercise, it would help him, that he stayed in his room a good deal; I gave hini a rub,
a shuck mop; those are pushed up aiicl clown the hall
by the pa:tients for exercise; I never knew of a patient having been compelled or forced to work, or do anything of that kind; that's the instructions of the Doctors, to e:nrcourage them to clo that kind of work; when they can't get out in the yard or won't go, and Mr. Jones wouldn't go-I wouldn't make him; on rainy days, when they can't get out, I get them to take that exercise, all of the patients that will.
W. L. ROSSEE, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
Captain Gee is on my ward; I have charge of the 21st ward; -White Male Department; Captain Gee has a good many delusions, full of them; I wouldn't consider him very reliable in what he wonlcl tell me; Captain Gee said we never had any clippers over there to drink out of-we had dippers, sometimes they would get thrown out of the window, we had a _ .fellow there that would throw them out, but we would go clown and get th~m and bring them back up, and we werG never without them long at a time, maybe
596

I

!

'.,

'

in charge, and I would do so, that's understood

among the attendants, that they are to report any

mistreatment of the patients; we sign a statement

every month, to the effect that we haven't mistreated

any patient, or seen it on the part of any nurse; I

sign that strutement every month, and all the others

are required to do it too.

G. vV. ROSS, Sworn in Rebuttal, testified:
I occupy with the Institution, the position of scavenger, have been scavenger ever since the 16th of November, 1903, about six years; I was never on the hall with Captain Gee, I know very little about him; as to his statement before the Committee here, three weeks ago, that I had dragged him up the hall and choke-d him, I never had my hands on him, never toucl1ed him; I was never in the same building with Captain Gee; I stay at home every night, and my duties is on the outside; I never knew of him before they open~d up them T'win Buildings over there, and I am very positive I never had an:y dealings with him; I never did see anybody else mistreat him, they were all always treated very well; I never saw any other patient mistreated by anybody, they always treated them right.
598

.....

use. George Ross has never been on the ward with

him, and never has dragged him up the hall and -

choked him; I never have done it and no-

body else has done it; Captain Gee has al-

ways been treated very kindly here. I do not

know of any of the attendants being retained here

after it has been proven or shown that they were

brutal and mistreated patients. I have never known

the management to keep attendants here that would

mistreat patients, never kept one once, as soon as

it was proved that they mistreated a patient. If I

saw an attendant mistreating a patient I would re-

port him to the Physician in charge. Where re-

ports are made to the Physicians1 about attendants mistreating patients, the cases are immediately in-

vestigated; I have never known a report made to

the Doctor of mistreah'nent of a patient where it

wasn't investigated; whether the complaint came

from an attendant or from any of the patients, it

was attended to and looked into ; I knew Dunning-

'ton when he was here; he was a bad. character; when

I say bad, I mea~ he would :fight all the other pa-

tients, you know, nearly all the while, and you could-

not please him no way, don't care what you did for

him; now, I handled Mr. Dunnington three different

times, the :first time I handled Dunnington he gave

me very little trouble, and they moved him to the

Convalescent over here, like today, and brought him

back tomorrow; well, from then on he gave me all

the trouble he could; he was :fighting the old men.

- My ward is the cripple ward, you know, and he

slapped the old fellows' off the- benches, you know,

kicked them and stamped them about, and got one

600

r

I

..:.

C. C. CHAMBERS, Swom in Rebuttal, testified:

~-

I am employed here as a nurse or attendant; I

have been on the ward with Captain Gee; that was

when I first came here, about seven years ago or close

on to it; Captain Gee was one of the most disagree-

ablest men I ever had anything to do with, filthy and

nasty; he would have delusions, and you couldn't

put no confidence in what he said.

George Ross was never on the ward with him, not that I know of; I never did see anybody mistreat him; I was with Mr. Ross eighteen months and Ross was always good and kind to Ca'Ptain Gee and everybody else that was on the ward; I never saw him mistreated in my life, and then I kept him three years myself; I never did mistreat the Captain; I would like to tell you something that he told Doctor Powell, to show you that you can't put no confidence in what old Oaptain Gee says; there was a t:i!me while I had him, three years, that I had him over there, before ever he came to the Convalescent over here, Doctor Powell was over there one day and he met Captain Gee or Captain Gee met him coming down the gang-way, coming down to the building; well, they talked a good while, and the next morning Doctor Green come through, he told me that Doctor Powell told him that he saw me choke one of the men nearly to death; so next moming Dr. Green made one of his rounds, and he asked me was I guilty of it, and I says no, there's nothing of it, and I says, "I'll leave it with .Captain Gee, and whatever he says I'm willing -to a'bide by;" he says, "where is he~" I sayS', "down in his room;" me and Dr.

602

\
wouldn't be considered to be a really crazy man, but then he is more of an idiot than anything else; he is very troublesome, got into many fights, that's how come he moved off that ward, on account of his fighting; he would impose on the other patients; he had several fights there, I don't know how many, but about the last one he had was this fellow J olmI can't think of his name----.-that stayed over there at the Hospital, and he asked Dr. Green to move him off the wa:r<d and Mr. Fluery asked him if he was. going .to move anybody, to move John Smith; that was last May, sometime during last May a year ago;; I was off at the time, my wife was sick and had Dr.: Hall with he' , ;: vvas off five days and when I came back J olm Smith was moved over to J ward, and. Dr. Green told me that if he went to fighting over; there he would move him back to L again; he stayed over there twenty-five days and got to fighting patients and attendants, so he moved him ba'ck and I don't remember exactly how long he stayed with me then, before he moved him down to H. Him and Mr. Carr, Alex 'Carr, you know, him and Ernest Rushton, all got into a fight and they reported him to Dr. Green and he finally moved him down there~ I wouldn't believe him on his -oath-if he ever was sane or ever will be, I wouldn't believe him on his oath, you can't rely on him for anything, at any time, he is entirely unreliable, you can't rely on anything he tells you at all.
.. I never have known an attendant to be kept here that had been guilty" of mistreating patients; it is the policy of the officers and authorities of the Insti~
604

never be bothered about it, but he said he didn't

have much confidence in Willis, because Willis bor-

rowed three dollars and a half from him and.

I

wouldn't pay him back and still owed him, but he

I

said that's what McKinley and Willis' both told him;

so I said to him, ''did they tell you to report me~"

He says yes, ''God damn him, he's been here long

enough anyhow, let some young man get his place;"

I ,.don't ~ow how came .Smith to tell me that, just

within himself, like he did anything else; he made,

that statement to :rn,e volun~arily and freely, I didn't

ask him for it at all; while it might be true, still at

the same time, I couldn't rely on-John Smith-I do:p. 't

know whether those men said-that to him or not, be-

cauS'e I wouldn't believe him on his oath, still, he

voluntarily came to me and and told me these things,

that is, that they had agreed to help him get away

from here if he did, but at the same time he didn't

have any confidence in ,Willis, because Willis bor-

rowed three dollars and a half from him and wouldn't

pay it_ back; he told me that he .was to pay him on

Sunday that the Committee eame here, that is, the

Sunda:y before they came here on Monday, he was

to pay that money back and help him to Ohlahoma

or T'exas. I don't lmow that Willis ever borrowed

any money from him, although Willis did have some

little transaction of business with him, that iS', trad-

ing and trafficking around, which was positively

against the rules of the Institution for the attendants

to trade and traffic with the patients. These atten-

dants are not allowed to borrow money from the pa-

tients and beat them out of it. I have been here

nea.rly twenty-six years; from my experience since

606

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me and Mr. Chambers and Mr..Ross, because, you know, a man's experience in anything is a heap; they don't really know how to get along with the men like I would; of course, they do the best they can, but heap of times, they might do a little wrong unknowingly, but as a general thing, they treat them just as kind as they can, it might appear, you know, that it wasn't kindly or gentle, because they don't know exactly how to manage them, you know.' Mr. Smith says that these men, Willis and MdGnley, told him if he would tell all he knew; they didn't tell him what to tell, just told him to tell all what he knew; I don't know of anything that he knew that he hasn't told, only thing, I don't reckon he told them, that -Willis and McKinley wasn't either one mnch of attendants, while they were here, ~nd they were both discharged. I don't know whether there has been any effort made to get this patient's money back from this man Willis, I just got .John Smith's word for it, I don't really know whether he ever borrowed any money from him or not, he isn't reliable at all.
S. SIMPSON, Recalled in Rebuttal, testified:
I have been connected with the Sanitarium about twenty-three years, I think it is; I know captain Gee, and have known him ever since he has been in the Institution; he's a very bad character, that's what I would call him; he has delusions. He didn't
608

satisfactory, to get rid of him right away, you have . told me that several times yourself, and Dr. Powell did, when I was working under him.
The class of goods I carried in the little place over at the Twin Building for sale, was canned goods, candies and fruits and tobacco, such as that; the value of the stuff that I had there I don't think it would ever come to more than $15.00, at any one time. l charged the same price for those goods that other people charged for the same kind of goods, the usual Milledgeville prices, I usually charged the same prices, I never, to my knowledge, charged any advance prices over what they could buy the goods for at any other places'-the little stores about here. My wife has a little business, too, between here and Milledgeville, and the stock that I kept in that
, I,
little place, over there at the Twin Building, was brought here from there; since I did away with that business down there in the Twin Building, under the instructions of the Superintendent, the patients call on me for little things like that, a dozen times a day or two dozen; how they manage to get those little things that they want now, the orders goes oyer to the Steward and he gets them for them; I don't think he could get them any cheaper than I sold them for; I don't know what he pays for them; they are no better goods than I furnished them. It was really to the advantage of the patients to have them right there, where they could go and select them themselves, ~hey often went there with the attendant and selected what they wanted themselves. That business was put in force with Doctor Powell's con-
610

more disturbances than almost any of the patients
.that we have; a 'great many times he picks the more helpless patients, and I have seen him at the bottom of the steps, as the people came down to the meals, or to the yard, as. a person will come down the steps, he will put up his fist in an attitude of fighting and start at them to see if he can't get a fight; he's a weak-minded b_oy, too. I would consider him capable of telling a coherent story, he talks very well, I wouldn'tbelieve him, I couldn't believe him at all -he would make any statement that he thought -would be to his advantage, regarding anything at all. Until the last few days I had B. G. Camp in my charge, ever since he has been here. Mr. Camp -is very crazy, and he has a great' many delusions, and these relate usually to had treatment th"at he has had -both 'here and before he came here; in telling of his bad treatment, he goes back forty years, to where :some young boys went in bathing in front of his house, and from that on. he brings' the story up to the present day, always imagining bad treatment, ill-treatment from everybody about him, and recently he has developed some new delusions in ad. clition, of a religious character, that he is the Prophet Elijah, and he prophesies the end of the world, . and about the comet that he read of in the paper the .other day, striking the world and destroying it in a .few months; also, he sa:ys he is a member of this Legislative Investigating Committee, and was sent .here to jnvestigate the treatment of the patients and
to Teport to the Governor, and he goes to the other patients and asks them-I have heard him do thishe. asks them "haven't you been badly treat~d,~'
612
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MISS BERTA MEDLIN, Sworn, testified:

I stayed at the State Sanitarium about fifteen
years, as aneniployee of the Institution; "I havebeen
away from that Instit~tion a year since last Sep-

tember; I was employed at tlie State Sanitarium in

the capacity of nurse; as such my general duties

were ward duties, looking after the patients, cleaning the wards. During my stay thm~e, I never knew of

a patient being deliberately mistreated, of course,

they have to use force with the patients; I was dis'-

charged because one ~f the patients said that I told

another patient to whip a patient; that statement

wasn't true, she was a patient that had delusions__:_

I had known her to walk the floor days at a time

and cry and imagine that she was going to be burned

~f-

up, and she had a delusion that she must destroy

everything she could get her hands on-she tore up

things and destroyed them and threw them out of

.the door-tore up other patients' things, but her

delusion wasn't considered, but if it had been on

the Institution she would have been considered to

have delusions; that patient's~ name, the one that

told it, was Mrs'. Couch, and the one that was mis-

treated was a Miss Haddock. She told that I told-her

to whip the patient, and held the patient for her to

whip; I found her whipping the patient, and went to

her and taken hold of her hand, and she hit her

after I got in the room, after I got there; she was

a patient that was full of delusions, and her delu-

sions weren't considered, yet if it had been against

-the Institution they would have been considered.

Dr. Jones investigated it; and this patient had
"(
614
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pended. for slapping a patient and then afterwards



~-

re-instated; she was there when I ]eft; I don't know of any other laJdy attendants.

No force was ever used on any patient while I

was there, by anybody to make them pei'form their

labors, scom and scrub, any;thing like that. It is not

the habit of the attendants, when they order them to

work and they fail to do it, to lock them up in the

brue-room, as they call it there; I never locked one.

up; the pntients were always very willing to help,

but I tell you they didn't have much to strengthen ,

them to help, because they don't have enough to

eat. F'or breakfast .the food generally consisted of

hominy and rice or hominy all!d hash and a biscuit ;

they had coffee and a little steak-they didn't have

enough of the steak to go -around, and some , did.

I

without; if you reported it, they would sa:y to go
to the kitchen and get it, and if yqu go to the l{itchen
they wou1(l say, "I haven't got it to cook, I can't

cook what I haveri 't got." For di:imer they had rice

I

- I have seen just a little hit of rice on a .plate, and .

I

maybe no meat at all, and a piece of hard corn bread

for dinner; in the vegetable season, they have vege~

tables Hometimes, though not every day they didn't;

for supper they would have butter and syrup and

lig:ht bread and coffee, no meat. I do not consider

the quantjty furnished them sufficient; it was very

badly preparerd, badly cooked; and I have known

them, when the Legislature would be there, I have

had Dr. Whitaker, the Assistant Superintendent, to

telephone to me. to the wards to keep certain of: the

patients from the halls, that they would fear that_

6Hl

patients and carry them to the fruit room to cook their fruit that has to be put up for the Matron and the Steward-I have done that-I call that mistreatment, too, when the wards are neglected to, do their work.
The patients were furnished milk-but they gidn't get enough milk, the milk was gotten at the kitchenthe nur$es went and got it; they tried to always keep some for the sick. I have been taken out and camied fruits and preserves for 'the Steward and Matron, wl1ich she sends to Alabama by the barrel full; I couldn't say whose fruit it was; I suppose they are allowed to have anything they want, they got anything that they wanted, vegetables or anything - I suppose they were allowed it, they got it. The State buys the fruit, when they are buying for themselves, they cook for the Btate and they cook for the .Steward and the Matron too, all at the same time. Whose fruit it is, I can't say, they do get things there, I suppos_e they were allowed to do i1t; Mrs. Darnell is the Matron who sent that fruit to Alabama; she is there yet; she sent the fruit over to Alab::tlYUL to her son; I couldn't say.wh~ther it was the Institution's property ot not; it's all bought there at the same time, done at the same time, but they are <.1llowed to have vegetables or anything they want, I snppose they allowed that to them, and if there is nnything left, the patients get it; I didn't say this frnit was gotten for 1the patients; the fruits was got there and cooked all at the same time, but I don't lmow whose fruit that Was'. I have done that cooking nnd the house-keeper did it and there was
618

t() nurse anybody, I have been sent out in private nursing- a good many times, to Milledgeville, by the authorities of the Institution; I nursed a Miss Moore, there, and a Mr. Green, and I nursed a Miss Clay and a Miss Johnson; while I was on that service I g-ot pay from the Institution the same that I got there, and they were supposed to pay the Institution $20 a month . for the time that I was there, I couldn't say whether they paid them or not; I know of other nurses sent out that way besides myself, Miss McCoy nurs.ed a Mr. Vinson there, and a good many more, I don't remember just who; these nurses sent out to nurse. these private people, were regular attendants or . nurses ln the wards there; that has been eight or ten years Dgo; I heard that the Trustees had stopped it-Dt. Robinson of Milledgeville told me the Trus- t.ees stopped it, and then afterwards they tried to force this nurse to nurse this Doctor's wife, and she told them that Dr. Robiml'on had told her that . the T'rustees had stopped it. I know about a commissary being out there, run by Mr. Hunter, one of the employees; I suppose he kept books there, that is the storehouse, and he looked after things; he didn '.t sell anything for patients; I suppose he was allowed to sell. muses uniform goods, bleaching, thread, . things like that, and it was charged, what they get he. charged it there, and it was to go to the Steward and it was took out of their salaries; I don't know it, but I heard that Mr. Simpson had things in the Twin Building and sold them there, that was .his own, I : never went over there to purchase any; on one occrusion, Mr. Hunter sold s1ome lemons. to one of the nurses, a MisS' Ivy, and he was supposed to do it
620

work on those that remained; of course, one nurse couldn't tlo all the work, you know, there must have been some neglect done. I have known nurses to have to furnish even brooms to sweep the wards with, furnish machines, buy thread to make clothes with; the nur3es buy them for themselves; my ward went once a week without sweeping-I asked for brooms and didn't get them; we had to write a requisition to the Matron; that order don't go to Dr. Jones, it goes to the store-keeper; I don't suppose he ever knew anythjng 'about it-the neglect; I should think it was necessary to have two nurses constantly on each ward among patients that are insane, therefore, when those nurses, any of them, were taken off and all tl:at work left to one, there would necessarily be neglect towards the patients, one nurse certainly couldn't do all the work; that has been clone, in the summer time, for as much as a month at a time. I have seen in that cooking department, six and seven nurses at a time cooking for the State and at the time, they were cooking also for the Matron, when Dr. Powell was there, and they cooked for the Steward before he stopped them; as to how many barrels of stuff I have ever seen the Matron send off from there, well, I have seen a good many at different times, I .have seen barrels that was packed ready to leave, that would mean canned fruits, I suppos0, they said it was that, I have not seen them send anything else but eannecl fruits; we helped can that fruit that was sent from there, and I know that it was sent from there, I have seen it directed to them, I have seen barrels at different times, I h~ve seen it since Dr. Jones has been there; the last
622

the :fifteen years I was there. About the same under Dr. Powell as under Dr. Jones' administration; there was no )mprovement in the food the last year I stayed there; it was what you would call not sufficient to Rnstain a reasonably healthy person properly. J ast a little bit of rice, and maybe no meat at all for dinner. Some days they would have vegetables, and when they had vegetables, some days they would and some they wouldn't have meat, there wouldn't be enough to go around; I couldn't say how many days, while I stayed there the last year, that they had Clinner without any meat at all, but more than fifty in the 365, and no meat for supper; they only had meat for one meal, and that was for breakfast; they didn't always have enough to go around, even. A piece about as big as four quarters, would be given a patient; I have heard patients say it was better to have a gallows and hang them than to starve them; I made complaint about the food to Dr. vVhitaker, who would tell me to go to the cook, and the cook would say that they couldn't cook what they didu 't have, and Dr. Whitaker would say, "I'll see about it," and he would never see about it; that was the la:;t; year I was there that that occurred.
I said I was there four or :five years after you became connected with the Institution as Superintendent; si11ce you were made Superintendent. As to how many times I have lmown nurses sent out to nurse private families-since you have been made Superintendent-I said that they were sent to nurse your mother-in-law; I don't remember how long that nurse r~>rnainecl there, about a week, something like
624

At this point the hearing was adjourned until 2:00 o'elodr, p. m., to meet in Room 104 Kimball House.
Pursuant to adjournment, the hearing was resumed at 2 :00 o'clock, p. m., December 20, 1909, in Room 104 Kimball House, all of the members of the Committee being present; and the following proceedings were had and testimony taken.
DOOT'OR L. M. JONES, Recalled in Rebuttal, testified:
I heard this lady testify before dinne'r today, and I have thi.:-:l explanation to make in reference to what she said about the discharge or failing to take notice of certain things there by the Trustees, and the communication I sent to her through Dr. Little, and about the provisions or food that the inmates got.
Well, to go back, now, to the beginning; a little over a year ago it was' brought to my attention that one of the female patients had been pretty badly treated on one of the wards-on her ward; the Assistant Matron, the girl who goes around to as'sist the Matron in keeping up with what is going on on the wards, was on the ward one day, and found a patient crying-the patient didn't have mind enough to tell what was the matter with her, but another patient standing by her says, "I beat her," and the young lady asked her why she beat her; she says,
626

day of August; 1907.. So far as the food is concerned, I suppose- the patients got as good food on her ward as anywhere else; I think she is absolutely mistaken when she states' that the food was so poor and that : there was so many days when there was no meat on the table; it has always been the rule that when any ., article is short, .that they go back to the kitchen and.. ask for it until they all.have some, and I have never r known yet any one instance where they failed to get, enough to go around, where they went back for it i' if her patients didn't get it, it was her fault-if she had gone baek to the kitchen and told the cook that. her rations were short, it would have been supple'" mented-it is absolutely her fault if her patients , didn't get the meat; it was her duty to report it to! me, as the superior officer, if: the cook failed to com'-' ply with her request for more rations; I have never known an instance, though, where the cook failed to comply with the request, where the nurse has beerY back to the kitchen and,asked for more food, where they didn't get it; I have never known of an instance of it-that's the rule of the Institution; the cooks . are so instructed, that, if in issuing out the rations; if thsy are too short-if they are found to be short, that they make a supplemental supply. It has been thor<oughly gone into what the rations were for brea~dast, dinner and supper. These rations; while I don't say the patients have as good a variety as I would like to give them, they do have enough of such as we give them-meat and bread; I would like to be able to give them more-a greater. variety, but they. do have enough of meat :and bread and. vege-
628

have to buy mules and we have to feed the mules,

we have to hire hands, we have to buy implements;

of course, the mules are fed from the proceeds of

that farm, we don't have to buy that, it is only what

we have above what they have to eat, if we have to

buy a mule and we have to feed him, all he makes

isn't net. It would make it net if you got what you

made net out of it-it would cost something, of

course, if you spend $75.00 to feed a mule, all that

mule would make wouldn't be net, would it~ I don't

know how much we have spent there for the feed of

the stock, we don't buy any feed, we make it all there

for the stock, except for the dairy, we have to buy

feed fm the dairy. As to where we get in the cost

of making the feed, well, I say it isn't-we don't charge it~I mean what we make over and above

'.;~

what it takes to support it. As to whether it is a

profit to the Institution or a loss to run that farm

or dairy-whether we could go into the open market

and supply it with less cost than we can raise it, I

don't think we can buy it for what we raise it, I think

it is a profit to the State; still I don't think we made

morethan $600.00. Now, I said the dairy paid that;

we are obliged to have milk, if we run it at a cost,

we are obliged to have it, but I don.'t think we made

more than $600.00 out of the dairy, taking out the

feed; we have to buy feed for the cows, we don't

make tha(

I do not know about an employee buying a house or building a house there in the last two or three years-Hollinshead; he hasn't built any house, he has got a home that he bought there-it isn't in Mil-

630

ing Mr. Hollinshead any fuel now. The State don't furnish Hollinshead anything except his salary, two meals per day and his horse; feed for the horse; he buys his own bugg-y, they don't furnish him a buggy. They furnish each Physician his S'alary, home, fuel, lights and water. No horse is furnished any Physician there at all; the horse and things kept for the Asylum, I uS'e them whenever I need them.
As to how marry horses are kept there fOl' the use of the Asylum; we keep three horses, a pair of carriage horses -and a buggy horse; we have to send for the mail every day, and we keep a horse for that; we have to send a Doctor anywhere, he uses the single horse, and we have a pair of horses that we use for the T~rustees and for my use whenever I need them; the Physicians do not also have the use of those whenever they want to; occasionally I let them go in when they want to go in town, sometimes I do that; often though they furnish their own horses.
As to what Physician there has his own horse; Dr. Mobley has a horse, Dr. Swint has a horse, Dr. Whitaker has a horse, and Dr. Richard has a horsefour or five of them have horses; none of those horses . are maintained at the expense of the State, not a bit, they pay for all the feed they get for them; they don't use the produce on the farm there and pay ~t to. the Superintendent; they don't buy it of the concern; we have been allowing them to buy corn, but we stopped that in October, at the last election; we don't allow them even to buy corn from the farm for their stock; they allow them to buy all the groceries necesS'ary for their family use from the storehouse,
632

f
i
and 'that's all that they allow them to hi.1y; they get the goods a't cost and pay :five per cent. extra, to the Asylum just for the purpose of handling, it is done just for the convenience of the officers-allow them . to get their provisions.
. As to whether Hollinshead makes an entry_ or keeps a book of an products raised on that farm, he keeps account of it in gome way or other, he charges up to labor to the debtor and credit side; he keeps account of all such as that;I don'tlmow what kind of a set of books h~ keeps, I .think he just keeps a sort , of memorandum book, he makes a report every month, but no itemized account or anything like that until the end of the year, he gets ~all of his' data together at the end of the year and makes an itemized : statement of it.
Nothing raised on the place is sold unles-s by: my consent; the cotton is sold by order of the Board of . Trustees; we don't sell any corn at all, we use the corn we raise on the place, we don't sell any of it at ITll, what we don't feed to th~ stock, we use for bread purposes.
To go back to that testimony that. we had this morning, that young lady made the statement that there waS' nurses detailed from the wards, to the neglect of their patients, to do cooking for the Matron and the Steward. I have this to say about that; we do detail nurses to go to the kitchen to cook fruits in the fruit season, things of that sort, because it is convenient to detail them, and we couldn't go . . out and hire cooks every time we wanted to put up
633

nurses, we have stopped that, we don't allow our nurses to go out, because they can get trained nurses, whereas, a few years ago there was no trained nurses in the community, and sometimes, in very sick cases, where there was a party that wanted a nurse real bad, sometimeS' Dr. Powell would allow one to go out; now, that was not at all to the hurt of the Institution, it was only in instances where we could spare a nurse; frequently we have had oalls where we refused, because we couldn't spare the nurse-it was only where we could spare the nurse that they were allowed to go out under those conditions. AS' to those nurses being used to nurse members of the Physicians' families; if a Physician has a member of his family that is very sick, sometimes they are allowed to go out and attend on them.
As to whether I believe the patients there could be given more attention if the business part of that was severed-take that duty off of me and let some business man finance-or rather, look after the financial part of the concern, the farm and all-my idea of it would be, we have got all the business men there that we need, we have to trust these men that we have, to a certain extent; we have got men at the head of these different departments, worthy men and trustworthy men; I don't care how many men you have, you have to trust somebody.
The Superintendent, of course, don't have anything to do with the waiting on the patients, now, we have in every department a Doctor who is responsible, to look after the patients, a certain number of patients to each, and he makes reports to me. I am
635

f
I
i
I
::only ~eed one head for ari institution like that. I -am not an experienced bookkeeper; as to whether I -know whether a;; man keeps proper books' or not; :the Trustees are supposed to look after that; we have
a Finance Committee that keeps up with tha:t. As to
whether we have on that Board an experienced bookkeeper, I don't know what they are. It is true that an:y institution in the world-with two heads that there is always confusion, and that it will . disintegrate, that is the history of everything; you don't 'cneedtwo heads for anything, you only need one head.
I approve .the bills; no bills are paid without my approval. That does not necessarily take very much of my .time; the pay roll there per month is ten or tweive thousand dollars ; I couldn't say exactly what part of my time it takes to see that these bills are -correct--,-exarmine and. approve them. It. does not ,take at least half of my time. The business part df .it don't take at least half of my time, I divide it upI give attention wherever it is mostly needed; as to whether it is true what the greatest part of my time is taken up with the business part of it and not with the patients; well, I look after all of it; -whether it is true tb,at the business part of it takes more of my time than the medical part of it, I couldn't tell you which depa:rltment requires. most of my attention; I try tq, go to see the sick every day aS' .near as possible, if I am not too busy, and I try to keep up with t'he acute cases. If I were relieved of the business part _ of it, whether I would have more time to devo1te to .the sick; -well, we have ten or twelve Doctors there, : and I think they are competent to look after the
637

have no way. of learning the worth of the property of eaeh patient that's in there.
We buy I expect at least $30,000.00 worth of fuel a year for that Institution, that would include ten or twelve tons of coal perhaps; the Board of Trustees makes those purchases, wherever they can buy it the cheapest on a contract; it is delivered by the railroads on the premises; we have no way of weighing the coal there, no way of finding out whether the capacity is filled or not, we have no railroad ~cales, ---"We have discussed the matter, the Board has discussed the matter, and wanted to do it but we have never felt like we were able to do it; the way it is now, it is left largely with the railroads to .furnish the stuff, it is left absolutely with them, we have to take their weights, just as they furnish it to us.
Now, in looking over the testimony that I gave before the Committee, I find that I am ma'de to say that we have one attendant to about every three hundred or three hundred and forty patients; that is an error, of course; I suppose about one to every ten or twelve would be proper; and then again, allowing Physicians away from the Sanitarium, it was asked if I ever knew .of an instance where there wasn't as much as three on the place, and I am made to say I think I do; I didn't intend to convey that S'ort of idea; what I inten'ded to say was that I never allowed but two or three wway, if they want to be away for a day, but frequently I did allow as many as half of them off for an hour or two, to go to town or anything like that; we have _upon an average of '-.n Physicians there; the charge has been made that
639

pulsory, and I dare say the majority have had more baths than ever at any other time of life. Lice or bed bugs are unknown.- The vast majority are better fed, clothed and cared for than ever before in their lives, and I have known mnny of them after mental recovery loath to leave.
The food is clean, lmd better than could be expected from the meagre allowance of funds.
The attention both medical and otherwise is wonderful, 0onsidering how many inmates, and how few physicians and attendants.

J. EDGAR THOMPSON.

Sworn to and subscribed under oath this 29th day of November, 1909.
T. C. McCRACKIN, N. P.,
Habersham Co., Ga.''

A letter from H. J. Tribble, Elberton, Georgia,

I

dated December 11, 1909, was reacl.and admitted in

i !

-e-yidence; which said-letter is to the same effect as

the one from J. Edgar rrhompS'on.

642

:,.1

I-T. G. Fisher,

H. H. Passmore,

D. B. :W:llliams,

Duff Child Dodson~

H. A. Dixon,

J. 'vV. Jordan,

:

Ohas. A. Manston,

~ .

J. A. MclVIicheal,

Sylvester T. \iVard,

M. 0. Kiser,

'vVilliam Hellowall,

vV. H. Chiles,

Rev. James F. Edens,

E. A. Buist.

Doctor Jones tendered in evidence, and the same

upon motion duly seconded, was admitted, the ac-

count of 0. vV. Vickers, with Hie Institution, as fol-

lows:

. I\

1909 To L. J. Lamar, Steward, Dr. Or.

Feby. 3, By Cash ____.__,_________

$ 9.30

17', Paid S. SimpS'on_________$ 2.30

Mch. 3, By Cash, - --------- -----

5.00

5, Paid S. Simpson_________ .35

20, Paid S. Simpson____,_____ 5.50

Apl. 5, Paid S. Simpson_________ 3.90

7, By Cash, ---------------

5.00

21, Eggs, ------------------ .16

24, Paid S. Simpson_________ 3.70

-May 4' Mch.ll,

Paid A. 0.- vVishart Co. __ 29.50 By Cash, ---------------

50.20

1 .J

May 11, Paid S. Simpson_________ 1.70

CcJ-1
:j

statement is a true account of all moneys received by me for said '0. 'vV. Vickers from Feby. 3, 1909 to Nov. ,J 22, 190914
L. J. LAMAR, Steward.
8worn to and subscribed before me this Dec. 9, 1909.
H. S. JoNES, N. P. B. Co. Ga. '(Seal)

Representative Carswell: I move that when the

stenographer complete his stenographic report and

has it written out, that he brief the entire evidence,

1

turn it over to the State Printer for printing, read

:I

the proof, see that it is printed properly and notify

the StaLl Printer to notify the Chairman that he has

the evidence there and subject to the order of the

Chairman in sufficient number for both Houses.

The motion being duly seconded, upon being put to a vote, was unanimously carried.

It was then moved and seconded that the evidence be closed; and upon being put to a vote, was unanimously carried, and the taking of testimony closed.

'L"he Committee, then adjourned to meet at the call of the Chairman.

646