Jekyll Island : master plan 2014

JEKYLL
MASTER PLAN 2014
ISLAND

JEKYLL
MASTER PLAN 2014
ISLAND
CREDITS:
Jekyll Island Authority:
A. Richard Royal, Chairman, Camilla, Georgia Robert "Bob" W. Krueger, Vice Chairman, Hawkinsville, Georgia Michael D. Hodges, Secretary, St. Simons Island, Georgia Joy Burch-Meeks, Screven, Georgia Stephen "Steve" B. Croy, Richmond Hill, Georgia Homer "Buddy" DeLoach, Hinesville, Georgia Laura Lanier, Statesboro Georgia Sybil D. Lynn, Jesup, Georgia Mark Williams, Ex Officio, Georgia Department of
Natural Resources, Atlanta, Georgia C. Jones Hooks, Executive Director
Jekyll Island Legislative Oversight Committee:
Senator Ross Tolleson, Chairman, Perry, Georgia Representative Jay Roberts, Vice Chairman, Ocilla, Georgia Representative Alex Atwood, Brunswick, Georgia Representative Jon Burns, Newington, Georgia Senator Frank Ginn, Danielsville, Georgia Senator William Ligon, Brunswick, Georgia
Master Planning Team
Jekyll Island Authority:
John Hunter, Project Manager and Director of Historic Resources Ben Carswell, Director of Conservation Cliff Gawron, Director of Landscape Eric Garvey, Chief Communications Officer Chris O'Donnell, Legal Associate
University of Georgia:
Carl Vinson Institute of Government
Langford D. Holbrook, PI and Project Manager Daniel H. Bivins Jan Coyne Leigh Askew Elkins Brian Chernoff, Graduate Assistant
J.W. Fanning Institute for Leadership Development
Emily Boness Maritza Soto Keen Raye Rawls Janet Rechtman Joy Wilkins (now with the Small Business Development Center)
Center for Community Design & Preservation at the College of Environment and Design
Eleonora Machado, Graphic Design

TABLE
OF CONTENTS

4 MASTER PLAN VISION
VISION STATEMENT GUIDING PRINCIPLES
7 INTRODUCTION
WHY THE MASTER PLAN WAS UPDATED HOW THE PLAN WAS DEVELOPED
15 HISTORY OF JEKYLL ISLAND

21 HISTORY OF CONSERVATION AND
DEVELOPMENT ON JEKYLL ISLAND

TRENDS, ACCOMPLISHMENTS, ISSUES AND ACTIONS
32 ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
Trends
Accomplishments
Issues
Actions

38 HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
Trends Accomplishments Issues Actions

42 NATURAL RESOURCES
Trends Accomplishments Issues Actions

50

TRANSPORTATION, INFRASTRUCTURE AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES Trends Issues Accomplishments Actions

54 RECREATION
Trends Accomplishments Issues Actions

58 FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM

JEKYLL ISLAND is a unique,
state-owned barrier island that balances conserving and preserving natural, historic, and cultural resources with providing accessible, affordable recreation, vacation, and education opportunities for the people of Georgia and beyond.

JEKYLL
MASTER PLAN VISION
ISLAND

Through progressive leadership and
excellent customer service, JEKYLL ISLAND will be recognized as a
sustainable conservation community
that is the choice destination among
all who experience the Island's unique
environment, services, and amenities.

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

VISION
STATEMENT

GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
THE JEKYLL ISLAND AUTHORITY WILL PROVIDE SOUND STEWARDSHIP TO:
Remain economically sustainable;
Ensure Jekyll Island remains available for all Georgians;
Be family focused with programs and opportunities for all ages;
Maintain accessibility through a range of recreation, vacation, and education opportunities at varying price points;
Conserve, maintain, manage, and restore natural resources and species diversity;
Preserve historic and cultural resources;
Provide educational information and programs about the natural, historic, and cultural resources of the Island; and
Provide active and passive outdoor, natural resource based, recreation opportunities.

PAGE 5

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

JEKYLL INTRODUCTION
ISLAND
PAGE 7

JEKYLL INTRODUCTION
ISLAND

WHY THE MASTER PLAN WAS UPDATED

The Jekyll Island Master Plan is a critical tool for managing the balance of limited commercial and residential development, the conservation of the Island's pristine and delicate ecosystem, and preservation of the Island's natural and cultural resources. While a new Master Plan was not mandated or required, in 2010 the Jekyll Island Authority began the process of updating the existing Master Plan by issuing a Request for Information.

WHY
UPDATE?

A primary goal of the Master Plan update is to determine the developed and undeveloped areas of Jekyll Island. This plan update achieves that goal by basing land use classifications on national standards while making clear the maximum extent of developable land on the Island.

THE MASTER PLAN UPDATE WILL ALSO GUIDE FUTURE DECISION-MAKING BY THE JEKYLL ISLAND AUTHORITY. THE PRIMARY TASKS THE PLAN ACCOMPLISHED ARE:
Outlined a vision for Jekyll's future. Updated the mapping for the developed and undeveloped portions of
the island based on current best practices and relevant technology and data sources. Reviewed current best practices related to land use classification and updated Jekyll's land use classification system accordingly. Developed a detail specific, five-year, short-term implementation program. Included the public and Jekyll Island stakeholders in the process for planning for Jekyll's future.
JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

HOW THE PLAN WAS DEVELOPED
In 2010, the Jekyll Island Authority began discussions to update the Island's Master Plan by issuing a Request for Information (RFI). The objective of the request was to initiate a widely inclusive review of Jekyll Island's Master Plan that directs long range conservation and preservation, assures optimum operation of public amenities, maintenance and capital investment in infrastructure, economic development and redevelopment, leasing strategies, and creation of nature based and eco-tourism opportunities. The information and comments submitted covered many topics including redevelopment opportunities, affordability, access, developed and undeveloped ratio, and others.
Many of the comments focused on public involvement in the master planning process. There were many suggestions about the full spectrum of citizens as well as specialist and non-professional groups being involved in the actual planning work. In response to this desire for a planning process that engaged stakeholders in developing the Master Plan, the Jekyll Island Authority developed a participant-driven process in partnership with faculty at the Carl Vinson Institute of Government at the University of Georgia.
The current Jekyll Master Plan update was developed through a collaborative decision-making process with three distinct elements: Topical Stakeholder Task Forces; 65/35 Task Force; and Public and Stakeholder Engagement. While the work gathered through this process was key to drafting the plan, the groups identified were advisory groups only, charged with making their best recommendations to the Jekyll Island Authority for consideration and final decisions.
TASK FORCES

TOPICAL
STAKEHOLDER
Interested people applied to serve on specific task forces that would identify and prioritize key issues, explore possible solutions, and outline potential implementation strategies. These task forces met four times over the spring and summer of 2012. Their work informed the issues, priorities, and implementation strategies included in the final plan. These task forces included: Economic Sustainability; Historic and Cultural
Resources; Natural Resources; Transportation, Infrastructure,
and Municipal Services; and Recreation.

65/35
State law requires that no more than 35% of the land on Jekyll Island above water at Mean High Tide (MHT) be developed, with the other 65% remaining undeveloped. A diverse task force selected by the Jekyll Island Authority reviewed current available data sources and best land use practices to make recommendations on: The most accurate, currently available
data to map Mean High Tide and determine the percent developed and undeveloped; and An updated current land use classification system based on accepted national best practices while allowing for the uniqueness of Jekyll Island. This involved recommending criteria for determining what is developed and what is undeveloped and then allocating all the land above water at mean high tide accordingly.

PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
A broad engagement process was undertaken during the Master Planning process that included interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders and groups. There was a simple web based survey and the Golden Isles CVB also provided access to the tourism survey they conducted for all of Brunswick and Glynn County, including Jekyll Island. There were also public input opportunities on the draft plan prior to finalizing and adoption by the Jekyll Island Authority.
PAGE 9

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLANNING SUMMER STUDIO
See full size boards under appendix H

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLANNING SUMMER STUDIO
A Carl Vinson Institute of Government and College of Environment + Design Collaborative
The Jekyll Island Authority contracted with the Institute of Government to develop the Jekyll Island Master Plan. Jekyll is a state owned island and state law requires the Authority to develop a master plan for the island. The last plan was completed in 1996 with an update in 2007. The master plan provides a 30,000 foot view of the vision for the island and how the vision will be implemented. It focuses on issues such as environmental, outdoor recreation, economic sustainability, infrastructure and services, land use and development, and historic and cultural resources. The master plan will guide the Authority's decision making through the 20 year planning window.
As part of the master planning process, the Institute of Government partnered with the College of Environment and Design to create a multidisciplinary summer studio class to develop site-specific plans and design solutions.

INSTRUCTORS
Carl Vinson Institute of Government: Danny Bivins and Langford Holbrook
College of Environment and Design: Brian LaHaie

STUDENTS

1. Joe Barge, BLA 2. Philip Berry, MEPD, graduate assistant 3. Mario Camardella, MLA 4. Brian Chernoff, MEPD, graduate assistant 5. Summer Constantino, MEPD 6. Art Depatie, BLA 7. Sara Farr, MEPD 8. Hunter Garrison, MEPD

9. Spenser Gruenenfelder, BLA 10. Jonathan Hopkins, BLA 11. Kyley Jones, BLA 12. Steve Mann, BLA 13. Jay Scott Pippin, MEPD 14. Stephanie Rattanong, BLA 15. John Reichert, MLA 16. Joe Werner, BLA

Four specific sites were addressed: the Coastal Old Road Bed, the Jekyll Island Amphitheater, the Chichota Cottage Ruins, and the Golf Course Pond.
Site Icons designed by John Reichert

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

SUMMER STUDIO PROJECTS
See full size boards under appendix H
PAGE 11

Jekyll Island Master Planning Studio | O L D R O A D

1886 1889 1892 1895 1897 1898 1898 1899

THE LION STATUE as it is was

CHICHOTA RUINS
Historic District

THE LION STATUE as it is today

Team Project Goals:
Safety and Accessibility:
location and transform the pool into a water feature that can be utilized by visitors and that will no longer pose a safety hazard, while still allowing easy access to the site.
Education: Educate visitors about the history of the site through the creation of garden
the home.
Revitalization: Create an attractive and useful site for visitors so that the ruins will become an important element of the Jekyll Island Historic District experience.
History and Interpretation: Interpret the history of the site through a variety of mediums such as signs and QR codes in order to appeal to all visitors and help their understanding of its history as well as the site's role in Jekyll's overall history.

EXISTING CONDITIONS

of Chichota Cottage:



e only one story house built

during the club era



e only privately owned

swimming pool in the cottage

in Georgia

Inspired by the Hotel Renaissance in New York designed by Clarence Sumner Luce

Built with same materials as homes in the north, these materials were not compatible with the island environment



e Goulds were protective

of their children and probably

installed the pool railings

Gould complex was the most elaborate of any private property on the island

ENTRANCE TO CHICHOTA
COTTAGE as it is today

THE CHICHOTA
POOL as it is today

THE BACK PATIO AREA as it could be

Phase 1: Safety and Existing Site Issues Addressed Phase 2: Installation of Pool and Hardscape Materials Phase 3: Installation of Plant Materials and Furnishings
THE SAFETY RAILING
as it could be

PROPOSED CONCEPT Including planting plan and site furnishings

THE CHICHOTA
POOL as it could be

THE OUTDOOR
ROOMS as they could be

Proposed Design Elements for the Site:
Interpret the site by outlining the footprint of the ruins using modern materials
Use landscaping to enhance the site and create garden rooms for everyday use as well as special events
Incorporate modern technology, such as QR codes and smart phones, with traditional interpretation methods such as signage to engage a variety of visitors
Create a water feature in the historic pool to recall its original use and attract visitors

Legend
Car Route Tram Route Tram Stop Entrance Ruins

Jekyll Island Historic District

THE LIGHTING
PLAN as it could be

Signage with QR Codes:
ese QR codes could be used to direct visitors to a web site that would create a more interactive experience while visiting the Chichota Ruins.
ese codes could be placed throughout the historic district and even elsewhere on Jekyll Island.

1899 1900 1901 1902 1914 1917 1920 1921

David H. King Jr. works with Pulitzer (a Jekyll Island Club member) on the raising of the Statue of Liberty.

David H. King Jr. is elected for membership to club.

David H. King Jr. the island.

David H. King Jr.'s wife, Mary, dies suddenly. King begins to spend more time on Jekyll Island.

e cottage constructed in Italian Renaissance style, likely designed by Clarence Sumner Luce

e cottage is landscaped with palms, a fruit orchard, and
later California privet is ordered).

e cottage is severely damaged by hurricane, minimum repairs were made.

King and son, Van, get the cottage ready for sale. e asking price is $35,000 for furnished cottage and all three lots.

HISTORICAL TIMELINE

Club constitution is adopted, o cers and executive committee named

Clubhouse construction is completed

CHICHOTA COTTAGE
JEKYLL ISLAND & CLUB
Club's apartment building named "Sans Souci" opens for the season

Construction
Jekyll Island is hit directly by a hurricane, causing damage to most of the structures on the island

Edwin Gould, second son of Jay Gould, is elected for membership to the Jekyll Island Club.

Gould buys the cottage and begins an extensive remodel. His wife, Sally, shops for antique furnishings.

season on Jekyll, the cottage is o cially named "Chichota" in honor of a Creek Indian Chief.

Gould begins expanding his estate, buying more lots and constructing a wharf and recreation center.

Edwin Gould Jr. is elected to club membership.

Edwin Gould Jr. dies accidently from a
while hunting at Latham Hammock.

Gould family requests that their tennis courts are closed, the family has not been back since 1917.

Edwin Gould returns
his son's death, his wife never comes back.

Annex with eight more apartments is opened

Auto Red Bugs are introduced

Club members incorporate the Latham Hammock Club, a hunting ground across the water from Jekyll

WWI: 1914 - 1918

Gould o ers the Aero Club of America a

President of AT&T participates in opening

property and brings his own plane down

across United States

Great Depression: 1929 - early 1940s

GA State Legislature passes a resolution to correct the spelling mistake from "Jekyl" to "Jekyll"in legal and state documents

Half the members le between 1929 and 1931

is was the Jekyll
season and soldiers from the 104th Infantry Division began guarding the coast of GA.

Gould gives $1,000 towards the construction of a new golf course.

Gould's younger son, Frank Miller, builds his own home on the island: Villa Marianna.

Edwin Gould Sr. passes away.

Chichota cottage is demolished.

Group of UGA students design a preservation and restoration plan for the Chichota Ruins.

Ruins

Demolition

WWII: 1939 - 1945

Korean War: 1950 - 1953

GA Gov. ompson purchases Jekyll through condemnation proceedings for $675,000. It is designated a state park.

e Jekyll Island Club is o cially dissolved in late January.

Vietnam War: 1955 - 1975

e 240-acre Jekyll Island club district is designated as a National Historic Landmark.

A er a $20 million restoration, the club house is reopened as the Jekyll Island Club Hotel.

Preservation
Jonas Hopkins, BLA Joseph Werner, BLA
Sara Farr, MEPD Summer Constantino, MEPD

1978 1985
2012

1928 1947
1928 1948
1933 1941

1901 1910s 1913 1914 1915 1929 1929 - 1931 1942

1886 1888 1897 1898

Jekyll Island Master Planning Studio | C H I C O T A R U I N S

Jekyll Island Master Planning Studio| G O L F C O U R S E P O N D

JEKYLL ISLANDAMPHITHEAT E R

Capitalizing on Jekyll's Assets

Existing Condition

Proposed Enhancement

Mission Statement Help Jekyll Island's amphitheater to best serve its users by designing a multi-functional site providing a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing space creating a safe environment promoting ecological and economic sustainability preserving its sense of place

Improved Accessibility and Ambiance

Limited Pond Access

Viewing Platforms Linked by Trail System

Amphitheater as Built 1973

Historic Context
The Jekyll Island Amphitheater was constructed in 1973 and primarily served the community as a theatrical venue hosting clients like Peach State Summer Theater, Valdosta State University, and the Jekyll Island Musical Theater Festival.
summer months on an infrequent basis. The amphitheater closed in 2003 due to budget constraints and under-utilization. Disuse and coastal weather have since taken their toll on the amphitheater.

Impervious and Unaccommodating Seating Exposed Stage

Porous and VersatileTurf Protected Stage

Existing Condition 2012

Amphitheater Location on Jekyll Island

Amphitheater Site

N
Site Context
The amphitheater is nestled in the interior of Jekyll Island adjacent to a six acre freshwater pond. The Jekyll Island Golf Course is situated directly across the pond. Despite this proximity, the amphitheater maintains a secluded feel and is somewhat concealed by the thick maritime forests of live oak and slash pine which surround it. The pond is home to an amazing variety of birds including stork, heron, anhinga, and osprey and has become a favorite spot for birdwatchers.

Site Concepts

Viewsheds The amphitheater currently has no view of the pond due to dense forest cover, but prescribed selective logging will open up vignettes onto the pond. Additional viewpoints exist from the platforms and at certain points along the trail.

Contours The site has very low relief typical of a barrier island and is perched only a few feet above sea level. Grading is kept to a minimum by utilizing existing grades and following natural contours.
Golf Course

Interpretive Trails The pond is an under-utilized asset of the site. Formalizing the de facto birding location is a priority that is accomplished by constructing several birding platforms on the pond. Linking these platforms to the amphitheater via an interpretive nature and recreation trail is a logical step.

Maritime Live Oak Hammock

Pervious Paving In order to accommodate visitors while still maintaining a priority for environmental stewardship , walkways, access roads and parking incorporate pervious paving methods.

Maritime Slash Pine-Longleaf Pine
Upland Flatwoods
Developed
Vegetative Communities convergence of two of Jekyll's dominant maritime forest types: slash pine/longleaf uplands and live oak hammocks.
Design Concepts

Birding/Viewing Entertianment/Education Eco-revelatory Interpretive Trail/Recreation
Multiple Use One limitation of the previous amphitheater incarnation was its
design and incorporating the pond into the program, the site has a resiliency buoyed by its multi-functionality.

Increase Comfort Turf seating allows precipitation
existing seating.

Provide Stage Cover Stage sail protects equipment and performers and ensures that minor weather will not disrupt scheduled events.

Incorporate Existing Assets Create trail system to increase the functionality, appeal, and use of site.

Formalize De Facto Birding Site Construct birding platforms to provide opportunities and amenities for birders and trail users.

Ecological Stewardship For paved areas use pervious paving to minimize impact and create ecorevelatory learning opportunities for the public.

Plan Views

Wood Stork Rookery

Restroom

Interpretive/Recreational Trail Turf-tiered Multi-functional Amphitheater
Birding Platforms
Green Roofs
Pervious Paved Parking

Green Roofs on Outbuildings

for Turf Irrigation

Control Booth

Pervious paved walkways for improved access with
solar powered lighting

0 25 50 100 feet
Vignettes

Restroom

Storage Covered Stage Storage
Dressing Room

Elevation

Amphitheater

Stage

Summer 2012

Trail

Platform

Jekyll Island Master Planning Studio| A M P H I T H E A T E R

JEKYLL TASK FORCES
ISLAND
65-35 Task Force
Beth Blalock, Georgia Conservancy Karl Burgess, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Coastal Resources Division Ben Carswell, Jekyll Island Authority David Egan, Initiative to Protect Jekyll Island Cliff Gawron, Jekyll Island Authority Keren Giovengo, University of Georgia, Marine Extension Service Arne Glaeser, City of Brunswick, Georgia John Hunter, Jekyll Island Authority Fred Marland, Retired, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Coastal Resources Division

Topical Task Forces
Economic Sustainability John Donohue David Egan, PhD Jennette Gayer David Kyler Bert O. Richmand Ben Jones Craig W. Johnson
Historic and Cultural Resources Greg Lowery Nita H. Malbasa Diane J. Shearer Norman A. Haft Sherri Jones Kevin Runner

Natural Resources Jill Andrews Betty Brown James B. Ferrari Keren Giovengo James R. Holland Dr. Steven Y. Newell Dr. Brandon L. Noel Al Tate Susan Shipman
Transportation, Infrastructure, and Municipal Services
Aaron Carone Mindy Egan

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER

Blue Hunt Lance McClain Franklin G. Mirasola William R. Pippine Steve Willis Peter J. Leininger Jason D. Smith
Recreation Brenda Constan Babs, McDonald, PhD Scott McQuade Dorset Hurley Scott Ryfun
PLAN 2014

MASTER PLANNING
STRUCTURE

PUBLIC INPUT

JEKYLL ISLAND AUTHORITY BOARD
STEERING COMMITTEE

MANAGEMENT TEAM
65/35 TASK FORCE

LAND USE

TRANSPORTATION & INFRASTRUCTURE

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

HISTORIC & CULTURAL RESOURCES

SUSTAINABILITY (ECONOMIC &
CAPACITY)

FOUNDATIONAL ASSUMPTIONS

RECREATIONAL PLANNING

Master Plan Steering Committee
Kimberly Andrews, JIA Beth Blalock, Georgia Conservancy Jim Broadwell, JIA Aaron Carone, Transportation, Infrastructure and Municipal Services Task Force Ben Carswell, JIA David Egan, Initiative to Protect Jekyll Island Eric Garvey, JIA Cliff Gawron, JIA Norman Haft, Historic and Cultural Resources Task Force C. Jones Hooks, JIA John Hunter, JIA Scott McQuade, Recreation Task Force Terry Norton, JIA Susan Shipman, Natural Resources Task Force
PAGE 13

JEKYLL HISTORY OF
ISLAND

The first occupants of Jekyll Island were probably small groups of Native American hunter-gatherers, some time around 2,500 B.C.

First Occupants

These groups appear to have been composed of small family units that probably settled on Jekyll on a seasonal basis. These groups produced fiber-tempered pottery vessels and lived on the abundant natural resources of the area. By 1540 CE the Georgia coast had become populated by the Guale Indians, extending from St. Catherine's Island south to Jekyll Island.

JEKYLL
HISTORY OF
ISLAND

Jekyll was named in honor of Sir Joseph Jekyll, a supporter of Oglethorpe's efforts to establish the colony of Georgia. By 1737, Horton had established residency on Jekyll and began raising cattle. At his death in 1748, Horton had established a house, which is one of the oldest remaining structures in Georgia. Between Horton's death and 1791, Jekyll had a number of owners including Raymond Demere, Clement Martin, and Richard Leake.
1737... 1791

The first European occupation of Jekyll Island may have taken place during the late 16th century.

16th Century

During that period, a chain of Spanish Missions was established along the Georgia coast. The Spanish name for Jekyll was Isle de Ballenas, Island of Whales, due to the abundance of Right Whales off the island in the Greys Reef area. While there is no evidence of the establishment of a mission on Jekyll Island, there is strong archival evidence that the Spanish at least explored and had contact with natives on Jekyll during this period.

JEKYLL ISLAND

1733, Oglethorpe
In 1733, James Oglethorpe established the English colony of Georgia on Yamacraw Bluff, or present day Savannah. The colony began to grow quickly, and an immediate conflict developed with the Spanish colony of Florida to the south. Feeling that the propriety and well-being of his colonists was being threatened, Oglethorpe began recruiting men from England to serve as soldiers in Georgia's defense. William Horton was one of the men Oglethorpe quickly dispatched to St. Simons Island to construct the town and defenses at Frederica. Horton was eventually granted 500 acres of land by Trustees of the colony, and in April of 1735, he set out from Frederica to the neighboring island of Jekyll to stake his claim.
MASTER PLAN 2014

1791... 1800

1858...

Chistophe's grandsons, John Couper and Henry duBignon were embroiled in the arrival of the Wanderer in November 1858. Charles Lamar of Savannah owned the Wanderer. It arrived on Jekyll Island with a cargo of approximately 400 illegally imported slaves from West Africa. The United States had banned the importation of slaves beginning in 1808, and both John Couper and Henry were indicted for their participation in the illegal importation of enslaved Africans by a Grand Jury in Savannah. However, they were found not guilty of the charges. The Wanderer was the last documented ship to bring slaves to the United States.

In 1791, Jekyll was purchased by four French landowners and by 1800, was completely owned by Christophe Poulain duBignon. Agriculture was the primary activity on the island and cotton the primary crop. As principle owners of Jekyll Island for almost 100 years, the DuBignon Family had an impact on Jekyll Island that lasts to this day as the early developers of the Jekyll Island Club.

Confederate troops constructed batteries on the Island during the Civil War but were unable to hold the position and moved to Savannah to aid in its protection. Union troops came onto Jekyll in March of 1862, and they dismantled most of the fortifications. Troops noted that the Horton house was an old ruin, formerly the family mansion of the Dubignons the owners of the Island.

1862...

PAGE 17

November 1910
Senator Nelson Aldrich, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury AP Andrews, and representatives of the elite US banking establishment met secretly on Jekyll Island and created what would become the Federal Reserve System.

Jekyll Island Club
John Eugene duBignon, and his brother-in-law Newton Finney acquired all of Jekyll in 1886 with the idea of forming a hunting club for wealthy northerners. Finney was able to find fifty-three interested individuals that included Henry Hyde, Marshall Field, John Pierpont Morgan, Joseph Pulitzer, and William K. Vanderbilt. With financial preparations completed, Finney signed paperwork with John Eugene DuBignon on February 17, 1886, selling Jekyll Island to the Jekyll Island Club for $125,000.
Ground was broken on the clubhouse building in August of 1886, and it officially opened its doors with the arrival of the executive committee in January of 1888. The Jekyll Island Club flourished for nearly 50 years, but the 1930s spelled the decline of the Club, as tastes began to change, and the Great Depression began to change many peoples' priorities. World War II was the final blow to the Jekyll Island Club. The club opened as usual for the 1942 season. However by the beginning of March, it was announced there would be an early close to the season due to the club's financial situation and strain the war had on the labor situation. The 1942 season would turn out to be the final season for the Jekyll Island Club.

January 25, 1915
While recuperating from a leg injury, AT&T President Theodore Vail participated in the first transcontinental telephone call: a four-way call that connected Jekyll, Washington, DC, New York, and San Francisco.

1863...1884
In 1863, Henry divided the property of Jekyll Island among four of his children with the share belonging to Charles being purchased by a nephew, John Eugene in 1879. It was in 1884 that John Eugene built a new home to replace the former "manor house" with a small farmhouse about 3 miles south of the original homestead. This was the beginning of the Jekyll Island Club.

There was hope to reopen

the Jekyll Island Club after

1950...

the war, but in 1946, the

state of Georgia entered

the picture. State Revenue

Commissioner, M E

Thompson, led a commissioned

study that determined the State wanted to purchase

one of the coastal islands and open it to the public

as a state park. Jekyll was selected as the best

opportunity, but the remaining Jekyll Island Club

members refused to sell. On October 7, 1947, the

State of Georgia purchased the Island through a

condemnation order for $675,000. Since 1950,

Jekyll has operated under the Jekyll Island Authority

( JIA).

The Jekyll Island Authority was charged with creating recreational amenities and resort infrastructure to transform the Island into a year round destination, while at the same time stewarding its natural and historic resources. Since then, the JIA has been the custodian of this unique state park, providing visitors with an experience like no other, and working to ensure that that same experience is available for generations to come.

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

1985

Early 2010s

1985 - Faced with a large Historic District comprised of 33 buildings, the Jekyll Island Authority was concerned with maintenance and preservation of the site for future generations. A unique lease was brokered with Leon Weiner & Associates of Delaware to invest more than $20 million into the vacant Jekyll Island Club clubhouse for use as a modern hotel. This investment spurred focus upon the entire Landmark District and serves as a national model for preservation of historic sites throughout the country.

Early 2010s - The process of revitalization began in 2004, and to date has resulted in the construction of the first new hotel since 1974, the construction of a new $30 million convention center, the establishment of Great Dunes Park, and the planned redevelopment of multiple hotels and a new retail village area.

1955
The Negro Beach House, a pavilion that included dressing rooms, a concession stand, and a covered picnic area, was opened on the south end of Jekyll and was one of the few places in the South where African-Americans could spend their leisure time near the beach. The 4-H Center currently occupies the site and remaining buildings.

1971... 1978
1971, the Jekyll Island Club Historic District and the Horton House were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. And in 1978, the Jekyll Island Club was elevated to National Landmark status.
65/35 law was instituted.

1990s - saw the beginning of a focus on redevelopment that would have a more significant impact in the 2010s. Two hotels were extensively rehabilitated and made ready for the turn of the century, the convention center was extensively remodeled, and work continued on the preservation of the Landmark District. The most significant construction project was the replacement of the Jekyll Creek drawbridge, completed in 1954, with a fixed span bridge that could accommodate travel on the inter-coastal waterway. 1995 saw the introduction of legislation that mandated the completion of a new island master plan in 1996.

65/35 law was instituted...

1990

1964
Federal judge ordered the Island amenities operated by the Jekyll Island Authority desegregated.

PAGE 19

JEKYLL
CONSERVATION &
ISLAND DEVELOPMENT

JEKYLL
CONSERVATION &
ISLAND DEVELOPMENT
HISTORY OF CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT ON JEKYLL ISLAND
With its purchase by the State of Georgia in 1947, Jekyll Island began an important part of its history. In transitioning from private to public ownership, the Island was opened to new audiences, new uses, and the development of facilities that were not contemplated during the period of the Jekyll Island Club.
In 1950, the Legislature created the Jekyll Island Authority (JIA) to manage the development and stewardship of the Island. In the original enabling legislation, the JIA was to limit development of the island. Section 10 included the following:
"The Authority is empowered to survey, subdivide, improve and lease as subdivided and improved not more than one-third of the highland portion of Jekyll Island, the leased property described aforesaid."

The first Master Plan commissioned by the JIA used this restriction as a guide. Completed by Robert & Company in 1951, this plan set the path for the creation of infrastructure on Jekyll including roads and commercial and residential development.
In 1952, the Legislature amended the JIA enabling legislation in regards to the percentage of land that could be developed. Section 10 was amended to read:
"The Authority is empowered to survey, subdivide, improve, and lease as subdivided and improved not more than one-half of the highland portion of Jekyll Island, the leased property described aforesaid."
After concern about continued development of the island in the early 1970s, the Legislature amended Section 10 again in 1971. After this amendment, development of Jekyll Island was limited to 35%, closer to the original limitation. Section 10 then read:

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

1947: THE STATE OF GEORGIA
PURCHASED JEKYLL ISLAND
1950: THE JEKYLL ISLAND AUTHORITY
(JIA) WAS CREATED.

BENCHMARKS

1951: THE FIRST MASTER PLAN WAS COMPLETED BY ROBERT & CO.

1971: THE DEVELOPMENT OF JEKYLL ISLAND WAS LIMITED TO 35%.

1996: THE DEVELOPMENT RATIO WAS ADDRESSED AGAIN.

2007: THE LEGISLATION WAS AGAIN AMENDED TO RESTRICT
THE TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT TO CURRENT USAGE ON THE
SOUTHERN PORTION OF THE ISLAND.

"The Authority is empowered to survey, subdivide, improve and lease or sell to the extent and in the manner herein provided, as subdivided and improved not more than thirty-five percent (35%) of the land area of Jekyll Island which lies above water at mean high tide. Provided that the Authority shall in no way sell or otherwise dispose of any riparian rights, and provided that the beach areas of Jekyll Island will never be sold but will be kept free and open for the use of the people of the State."
In 1996, the development ratio was addressed again, as the legislation was amended calling for the creation of a Master Plan and the clear delineation of lands that were classified as developed and undeveloped.
12-3-243.1. Master plan as to Jekyll Island; creation; contents; notice and hearing on preliminary plan; adherence to plan; amendments
(a) The authority shall, on or before July 1, 1996, cause to be created a master plan for the management, preservation, protection, and development of Jekyll Island. The master plan shall delineate, based upon aerial survey, the present and permitted future uses of the land area of Jekyll Island which lies above water at mean high tide and shall designate areas to be managed as environmentally sensitive, historically sensitive, and active use areas. The master plan shall also delineate the boundaries of the area or areas delineated on the master plan as the 65 percent of the land area of Jekyll Island which lies above water at mean high tide and over which the authority has no power to improve, lease, or sell pursuant to subsection (a) of Code Section 12-3-243. If the aerial survey demonstrates that the percentage of undeveloped land on Jekyll Island is presently less than 65 percent, then no further development of undeveloped land shall be permitted in the master plan.
(b) In the creation of the master plan, the authority shall, after preparation of a preliminary plan, give notice of the existence of the preliminary plan in the legal organs of Glynn and Fulton counties and in at least two newspapers of state-wide general circulation not less than 60 days prior to the meeting of the authority at which the preliminary plan is to be considered for final adoption. After giving this notice, the authority shall hold a public hearing at a convenient location on Jekyll Island and receive and consider such oral and written comments on the preliminary plan as may be presented.
PAGE 23

(c) The Authority, in the exercise of its authority to develop, manage, preserve, and protect Jekyll Island, shall be guided by and shall adhere to the master plan as the same may from time to time be amended as provided in subsection (d) of this Code section.
In 2007, the legislation was again amended to restrict the type of development to current usage on the southern portion of the island.
(2) (A) The authority shall not survey, subdivide, improve, lease, sell, develop, or otherwise cause a project to be constructed on the 65 percent of the land area of Jekyll Island which the authority is not empowered to survey, subdivide, improve, and lease or sell pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection; provided, however, that nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as to require the removal of any improvement on such land area which was completed on March 14, 1995.
(B) That portion of Jekyll Island lying south of 31 degrees, 1 minute, 34 seconds north latitude as such latitude is depicted on the 1993 USGS topographic survey 7.5 minute series quadrangle map shall always be included within the area of Jekyll Island protected by this paragraph, and the authority shall not enter into, renew, or extend any agreement or otherwise take any action regarding such southern portion of the island

in violation of this paragraph on or after May 30, 2007, except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph. The removal of any improvement on such southern portion of the island which was completed prior to May 30, 2007, shall not be required. Upon the expiration or termination of any lease of a lot for a single-family residence on such southern portion of the island, the authority may again lease such lot to the same or another lessee for a single-family residence or noncommercial purpose or the authority may set aside the lot for public use; but the lot shall not be further subdivided, and the authority shall not lease such lot for any multifamily residence or commercial purpose. Those properties used for the Jekyll Island 4-H center and soccer complex may continue to be used and improved for the same or similar purposes under an extension or renewal of an existing lease or under a new lease. This subparagraph shall not prohibit the construction and use of any public bicycle trails, public nature trails, or public picnic areas on such southern portion of the island by the Authority. This subparagraph shall not be applied to impair the obligation of any valid contract entered into prior to May 30, 2007.
The Jekyll Island Authority has upheld the limited development directive in the above-described legislation.

2013 UNDEVELOPED AND DEVELOPED LAND DISTRIBUTION AND LAND USE CLASSIFICATION

Over the past forty years, there has been considerable controversy about the ratio of developed and undeveloped land on Jekyll Island. In 2013, the State of Georgia's Attorney General issued an opinion on a review of proposed Jekyll Island land measurement methodologies requested by the JIA. The Attorney General's opinion is that the Jekyll Island legislation requires the use of Mean High Tide (MHT) to determine the size of Jekyll Island for the purpose of determining the 65/35 conservation to development ratio.
The debate regarding the ratio of developed and undeveloped land continued during the creation of this Master Plan. As the planning process progressed, it became apparent that to facilitate a strong plan for

Jekyll Island, ways to end the controversy should be explored. The first task needed to accomplish this was to fully classify developed and undeveloped land through national standards and appropriate land use definitions.
LAND USE DEFINITIONS
The land use classifications used in this Master Plan differ from those used in the past. The JIA (following upon the recommendations of the Master Plan task forces and additional work with the JIA staff ) has adopted the following land use classifications. They are based on national standards while still allowing flexibility for the uniqueness of Jekyll Island. The core element of classifying land either developed

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

or undeveloped is the use or actual function of the land. For a summary of change to the land use classifications see the Appendices.
Developed: land that is built upon or paved (includes roads and bike paths); land that has been disturbed and no longer maintains original, natural functions (golf course and certain dirt roads); land or other areas that do not maintain ecological integrity (golf course ponds; borrow pits). Other specific examples include:
RRDirt roads in use, whether by the JIA or the general public;
RRMulti-use trails and pathways, whether paved or pervious surface;
RRUtility easements; and RRFirebreaks intended to protect residential
areas.
Undeveloped: land that remains free of the built environment (beach above MHT and lots on south end of the island); land where the built environment does not impact its ecological integrity (sand dunes and the associated walkways); undisturbed tree canopy; and wooded areas within the golf course larger than one acre in size. Other specific examples cited include:
RRUndisturbed forest (canopy and understory intact);
RRWooded acres with canopy intact; little or no active use (includes protective firebreaks);
RRDirt roads not in use and serving no practical function with the exception of firebreaks;
RRDirt footpaths less than six feet in width; and
RRDunes and beach above MHT (including crossovers).
FUTURE PROJECTS
The Master Plan identifies a number of projects, only one of which impacts land currently classified as undeveloped: the expansion of the campground. This project was proposed in the 1996 Master Plan and was to include 26 acres for the expansion. In examining current site conditions, needs of the current facility, and trends in camping this can now be accomplished with 12 acres and this acreage has been included in the developed area in the Master Plan.

MANAGEMENT OF UNDEVELOPED AND
NATURAL AREAS
An important part of moving beyond past controversies is an understanding that maintaining both the developed and undeveloped areas of the Island requires the ability to manage those lands. The Conservation Plan establishes a framework for the management of Natural Resources on Jekyll and reinforces the concept that undeveloped does not necessarily mean untouched. Likewise, developed does not necessarily mean that the land does not have natural characteristics.
The Conservation Plan describes numerous management objectives and priorities. Examples of conservation-focused management include the creation of foot trails to facilitate environmental education and research, the use of controlled burning to maintain specific habitat types, and chemical treatment to control exotic invasive plants. Activities like these are common management practices in state and federal lands and parks.
The boundaries where the undeveloped and developed areas meet require careful management. The nature of these boundaries will be dynamic on a small scale and will vary seasonally. For example, managers may allow a portion of a developed area, such as a golf course rough, to re-vegetate to support conservation objectives if these objectives are also consistent with development uses. Conversely, if the vegetated edge of an undeveloped area encroaches upon a path and is deemed to be a safety concern, managers may prune vegetation to a point that safety is ensured for a practical amount of time. In these examples, vegetation regrowth and selective pruning are part of a management balance that the JIA strives to achieve. The cumulative result of balanced decision-making will ensure that sustainable use of developed areas may proceed safely and be managed practically while allowing for opportunities to advance conservation goals.
LAND USE MAP AND DISTRIBUTION
The creation of the Developed Land Map for the 2013 Jekyll Island Master Plan was an exhaustive exercise that spanned a number of years. The beginning point was the 1996 Master Plan Map. The 1996 map was based on a 1980 aerial survey of Jekyll that was then developed into an elevation map by the Georgia Department of Transportation. The land use designations were hand drawn as an overlay
PAGE 25

and delineated both developed and undeveloped acres based on land use definitions created during the 1996 planning process. All acreage calculations were done using a Planimeter measuring tool. Results were tallied by hand.
In 2008, JIA staff initiated work with Thomas & Hutton Engineering Company to develop a digital version of the 1996 Land Use Map. The map utilized a LIDAR image generated by the Glynn County GIS Department as its base elevation map. Thomas & Hutton then replicated the land use designations from the 1996 map in an AutoCAD file as an overlay onto the 2007 Glynn County LIDAR elevation image. Using the Thomas & Hutton AutoCAD file and applying the land use definitions developed during the 2013 master planning process, faculty with the Carl Vinson Institute of Government at the University of Georgia then created the 2013 Land Use Map.
The 2013 Jekyll Island land use map on page 27 uses the above land use definitions to measure the total area of the island, including marshes, as approximately 5,530 acres with slightly over 1,609 developed, including 12 acres designated for future campground expansion. The map on page 28 shows just the developed acreage on the Island. The map on page 29 shows the land use distribution of the developed portion of the island.
A digital version of the 2013 Jekyll Island Land Use Map is available at the JIA offices for a more detailed review.

JEKYLL

Note: Maps developed For Jekyll Island planning purpose only. ISLAND MASTER PLAN

2014

Jekyll Island Land Use Scenario:

4.89' Elevation Marsh

Jekyll

Island Land Use, Boundary, NOAA Mean Higher High Water Beach Boundary

2013

Land Use
Developed (developed) Dune (undeveloped) Fairway (developed) Firebreak (developed) Freshwater wetland (undeveloped) Natural/forest/marsh (undeveloped) Pond (developed)

Land Use
Developed Dev eloped Fairway Firebreak Pond Undeveloped Dune Freshwater wetland Nat ural /forest /marsh T otal

Acres
1,609.19 1,018.12
482.46 21.06 87.55
3,920.45 387.30 19.73
3,513.43 5,529.64

0 990 1,980 Feet

Sources:

Imagery and original land use: Jekyll Island Original Landuse Map, prepared by Thomas & Hutton Engineering Co.

AutoCAD files, 1" = 600' scale, October, 2008.

Boundary: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Mean High Water estimate for Jekyll Island.

Acreage: calculated using ESRI Arc0GIS 1,100

2,200 Feet

Note: Maps developed For Jekyll Island planning purpose only.

PAGE 27

Jekyll Island Land Use Scenario:

4.89' Elevation Marsh

Jekyll

Island Developed Boundary, NOAA Mean Higher High Water Beach Boundary

Land,

2013

Land Use
Developed: 1,609 acres

0 1,000 2,000 Feet

Sources:

Imagery and original land use: Jekyll Island Original Landuse Map, prepared by Thomas & Hutton Engineering Co.

AutoCAD files, 1" = 600' scale, October, 2008.

Boundary: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Mean High Water estimate for Jekyll Island.

Acreage: calculated using ESRI ArcG0 IS 1,100

2,200 Feet

Note: Maps developed For Jekyll Island planning purpose only.

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

Jekyll Island Land Use Scenario:

4.89' Elevation Marsh

Jekyll

Island Land Use, Boundary, NOAA Mean Higher High Water Beach Boundary

2013

Land use category
Commercial Conservation Educational Maintenance Pond Recreation Residential Transportation
Historic
Land Use
Developed Commercial Educat i onal Mai nt enance Recreat i on Resi dent i al Transport at i on Pond Undeveloped Conserv ation T otal

Acres
1,609 255 19 47 707
267
226
88
3,920 3,920
5,529

0 1,000 2,000 Feet

Sources: Imagery and original land use: Jekyll Island Original Landuse Map, prepared by Thomas & Hutton Engineering Co.
AutoCAD files, 1" = 600' scale, October, 2008. Boundary: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Mean High Water estimate for Jekyll Island, 2012. Acreage: calculated using ESRI ArcGIS

0

1,100

2,200 Feet

Note: Maps developed For Jekyll Island planning purpose only.

PAGE 29

CONSIDERATION OF SETTING MAXIMUM DEVELOPED ACREAGE

Since the creation of the 65/35 development limita- During the Master Plan process the idea of changing tion in 1971, the amount of allowable future develop- from the 65/35 ratio to a maximum acreage limit was ment of Jekyll Island has been contentiously debated. discussed as a way to establish more precisely the al-

Even after 40 years, this debate continues to create an acrimonious environment for those involved with Jekyll. Chief among the factors contributing to this

lowable future development of Jekyll Island and end the long-standing debate regarding this issue. When considering such an option, it is important to de-

debate is the inherent difficulty in measuring, to a fine degree, the land area of Jekyll Island that lies above water at mean high tide, which was required for the

termine an acreage limit that provides the JIA with flexibility to respond to future needs, including revised government mandates, changes in business and

proper application of the 65/35 formula.
With the use of remote sensing such as LIDAR and shoreline mapping, there are known margins of error that make mapping MHW in marsh areas difficult. With respect to Jekyll Island, NOAA has specifically found that a margin of error of plus or minus two feet above and below MHW should be assumed, which "impacts the location of the MHW line significantly both in a landward and seaward direction, making a big impact on the total land area above MHW." As a result, with respect to Jekyll Island, NOAA has issued the following disclaimer:
"The Mean High Water shoreline delineation data provided should be used only as a screening-level tool for management decisions. As with all remotely sensed data, all features should be verified with a site visit or quantified with traditional surveying techniques. The data we provided are "as is," without warranty to their performance, merchantable state, or fitness for any particular purpose. The entire risk associated with the results and performance of these data is assumed by the user. This data should be used strictly as a planning reference tool and not for navigation, permitting, or other legal purposes."
SEE APPENDIX D for further information from NOAA and a letter from Chester W. Jackson Jr., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Geology, Department of Geology and Geography, Applied Coastal Research Lab at Georgia Southern University. This letter outlines Dr. Jackson's concerns with the delineation of the shoreline using MHW and lack of accountability for spatial error within the map given the methods used to generate the MHW data and the scale of that data.

recreational trends and other unknowns. Setting the maximum development acreage at 1,609 (the current developed acreage including the campground expansion) would have negative ramifications on the JIA's future planning. While the EPD currently sees no water or wastewater changes within the 10 year planning horizon, the potential always exists for unknown regulatory changes. Similarly, GDOT is examining obstructions adjacent to the airport, and could mandate clearing that would impact the developed acreage.
Taking these factors into consideration, if the JIA were to seek legislative changes to set a maximum developed acreage, 1,675 should be considered. Of the 66 acres above the 1,609 developed acres shown on the map on page 28:
RR46 acres would be restricted for health, public safety, and public recreation purposes - not commercial or residential uses.
RR20 acres could be used for any purposes determined appropriate by the JIA and consistent with the Jekyll Island legislation.
RRAt the time any of the proposed 66 acres is to be developed the JIA will follow the process outlined in the Jekyll Island legislation for amending the plan which includes both public and legislative input prior to finalizing a decision.
This alternative proposal would create certainty around the total acres available for development on Jekyll. In addition it would make clear that the focus of the JIA is on redevelopment opportunities within the existing developed areas while allowing flexibility to address future needs including additional recreation opportunities that the public desires.

Based on the current map and proposed changes, Jekyll Island currently has 1609 acres of development. This Master Plan continues the current focus on redevelopment into the future and does not identify any areas of future development (except for the previously mentioned campground expansion) of currently undeveloped areas.

Upon approval of this Master Plan by the Jekyll Island Authority, legislation should be introduced for approval by the General Assembly that would codify the total 1675 acres available for development on Jekyll Island. The legislation should supersede the existing law regarding land available for development on Jekyll Island.

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

RECREATION

JEKYLL
MASTER PLAN 2014
ISLAND
TRANSPORTATION, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND MUNICIPAL
SERVICES

NATURAL RESOURCES

TRENDS, ACCOMPLISHMENTS, ISSUES, AND ACTIONS
A Consolidation of the Task Force Recommendations, the Conservation Plan, and the JIA Strategic Plan.
The issues and needs for Jekyll Island have been identified effectively in this and earlier planning efforts. This plan serves to bring that information
together in one place to be reviewed comprehensively, leading to consensus on priorities and a realistic implementation schedule.
This chapter is divided into sections addressing Economic Sustainability; Historic and Cultural Resources; Natural Resources; Transportation, Infrastructure, and Municipal Services; and Recreation. Each section reviews relevant trends and data, accomplishments, issues, and prioritized implementation actions in each category.

PAGE 31

JEKYLL
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
ISLAND
*See Appendices for full data source and details.

TRENDS*
Revenue and Expenditures
The Jekyll Island Authority generates revenue from two distinct categories, Administration and Enterprises. Administration sources of revenue in fiscal year (FY) 2013 were: o Business leases o Hotel/motel tax o Parking o Interest o Lot rentals o Foundation o Grants o Administration revenue o Employee housing

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
Jekyll Island's unique cultural, historical, and environmental attributes and the Island's recreational amenities have elevated its public image to one of national prominence, expanded the customer base, increased year-round visitation, and enhanced levels of guest expenditure.
The JIA strives to create opportunities for public and private success and economic sustainability via investments in amenities, lodging, customer service, and infrastructure.
The major revenue generating enterprises in FY 2013 were: o Golf and tennis o Food and beverage convention center o Food and beverage restaurants o Summer Waves o Campground o Museum o Georgia Sea Turtle Center o Miniature golf and bikes o Water/wastewater o Sanitation o Fire department o Destination marketing and special events o Guest Information Center o Soccer o Landscaping, roads, and trails
The JIA does not receive funding from the State of Georgia for operations and maintenance. The State is currently assisting with the bond payments for Jekyll Island's new Convention Center.
Total revenue for the JIA increased in the period from FY 2003 to FY 2013. In 2003, total revenue was $16,142,670 and by FY 2013 total revenue had grown to $19,306,850 a total change of almost 20% (or 1.8% annually).

$16,142,670

WE ARE
UNIQUE
Power Plant before restoration
FY REVENUE 20% GROWTH
10 YEARS
Power Plant after restoration
PAGE 33

$19,306,850

However, during the same period inflation averaged almost 2.5% year (http://www.usinflationcalculator. com/inflation/current-inflation-rates/). Thus when we look at revenue from FY 2003 to FY 2013 in real dollars (adjusting for inflation) using 2003 as the base year, revenue growth was actually negative. Adjusted to 2003 dollars, the FY 2013 $19,306,850 revenue figure is $15,771,620, less than the FY 2003 revenue figure of $16,142,670 representing a negative real growth rate of almost 2.3% over the period.
Total revenue for enterprises such as Summer Waves, the museum, the campground and others increased in current dollars during the FY 2003 to FY 2013 period. In FY 2003, total enterprise revenue was $9,935,197, and by FY 2013, it was $12,114,850, a rise of almost 22% over the period or 2% annually. Adjusted to 2003 dollars, the FY 2013 revenue figure is $9,896,532: $38,665 less than 2003 earnings.
Some enterprise operations have seen revenue increases and some declines. The Georgia Sea Turtle Center has seen its revenue increase from $112,244 in FY 2007 to $1,289,150 in FY 2013. The campground has also seen a significant increase in revenue of over 64% during the period. These and other enterprise attractions with increasing revenue such as the museum, Summer Waves, and destination marketing/special events have helped offset declines in the golf and tennis revenue. Combined golf and tennis revenue declined from $2,291,934 in FY 2003 to $1,623,668 in FY2013, or almost 30% in current dollars.

little over 51% through FY 2012. While occupancy rates have been fairly consistent, this data needs to be understood within the context that room occupancy is not a complete indicator of the number of people staying on Jekyll Island as it excludes day visitors, workers, and employees. Furthermore, comparing occupancy rates hides the impact of the total change in the number of hotel rooms on the Island, which has decreased over the last decade. From 2001 to 2011 the number of hotel rooms on the Island dropped from 1,521 to 881 or 42% due to older hotels closing. The redevelopment of the Oceanside Inn and Suites to a Holiday Inn will result in the temporary loss (9 to 12 months) of another 178 rooms starting in the fall of 2013. The total number of rooms will increase to 1,410 once the currently planned hotel redevelopment projects are completed. While this is a great improvement from the 881 rooms in 2011, it still represents an overall decline of 7.3% from the high.
The number of hotel room nights is a better indicator of the number of people staying on the Island and whether that visitation has increased or decreased in the past decade. In FY 2002, the number of hotel room nights was 297,457 and had fallen to 172,364 by FY 2012 for a decline of 42%. This is a worrying figure. Much of this is due to the loss of older hotels and will reverse as the planned hotel redevelopment projects are completed. The decline has stabilized since a drop from 211,954 in FY 2008 to 168,744 in FY 2009 but has stayed consistently under 180,000. The peak number came in FY 1989 when Jekyll experienced almost 346,000 hotel room nights.

Expenditures
During the same period from FY 2003 to FY 2013, total expenditures increased from $14,258,940 to $18,864,661, or slightly above 32% for an annual rate of 2.9%. Inflation increased by an average of almost 2.5% per year during the same period. Adjusted to 2003 dollars, the FY 2013 expenditure figure is $15,410,400.

Convention Center Use
Convention Center numbers declined from 222 groups in FY03 to 127 groups in FY 2012. The decline does appear to have stabilized and should increase now that the new Jekyll Island Convention Center is open and new hotels and a retail center will be complete by 2015.

Hotel Occupancy
Overall occupancy rates for Jekyll Island for the period FY 2002 to FY 2012 ranged between 48% and 55%. In FY 2002, occupancy was 53.7% and fell to 48.5% by FY 2006 and was back to 55% in FY 2008. Since then, the average occupancy has been a

Traffic and Visitation Counts
The Georgia Department of Transportation collects traffic data at a regular collection point on the Downing Musgrove Causeway, located west of the Guest Information Center and the parking fee collection station. GDOT presents this data as

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT). AADT is the total vehicle traffic for the year divided by 365. It is a two-way figure, counting vehicles coming and going from the island. The counter is not always in place, so this number, while a good indicator of overall traffic trends and an industry standard, does not capture traffic and visitation as well as JIA's parking fee station, which operates daily throughout the year.(http://www.dot.ga.gov/informationcenter/ statistics/stars/GASTARSHelp/files/tc_glossary. html)
GDOT's AADT numbers for Jekyll Island for the period from 2003 to 2013 were up and down but consistently with in a range from 3,400 to 4,200 vehicles. In 2003, the count was 3,941, in 2006 it was 4,260, and by 2009 it had dropped to 3,430. The best way to view the change over the decade is to look at the average from 2003 through 2007, which was 4,066, and compare that to the period from 2008 through 2012, which was 3,530. This represents a 13% drop in AADT average in the most recent five-year period. The 2003 to 2007 average comes out to 1,484,090 daily trips on and off the island or an estimated 742,045 vehicles coming onto Jekyll Island each year during period. For the most recent five year period from 2008 through 2012, the annual total is 1,288,450 both ways or 644,225 vehicles coming on to the island.(http://www.dot. ga.gov/informationcenter/statistics/stars/Pages/ TrafficCounterDetails.aspx?county=127&tc=0136)
The peak year for GDOT's AADT count for Jekyll Island was 1994 with an AADT of 8,900. AADT yearly counts from 1974 through 2004 are located in the Appendices.
The Authority's parking fee collection station is a more accurate count of those vehicles coming onto the island. It is open every day and has been collecting data (though not always consistently) since 1969. The parking fee collection station is a oneway figure and this number, like the GDOT AADT, counts all vehicles including employees, construction workers, service vehicles, visitors and others.
In 2002, 851,860 vehicles came through the gate and in 2012 the number was 785,855, representing a 7.7% decline. These figures do not show the variation that occurred over the decade. From 2002 to 2008 vehicle traffic consistently declined from year to year with a slightly more than 10% decline during the period.

Starting in 2009, vehicle traffic began to increase and rose almost 3% from 2008 through 2012. This may be an indication that visitation is beginning to increase with the completion of the Convention Center, the Hampton Inn, and the progress on other redevelopment projects. The end of the recession and the over all improvement in the State economy may also be contributing to the increase.
The peak year for parking fee collection station traffic counts was FY 1990 when 1,021,276 vehicles came onto the island.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
New Jekyll Island Convention Center Completion of Beach Village
infrastructure New residential lease structure Guest Information Center and Plaza Campground Master Plan Amphitheater Assessment and Plan Great Dunes Master Plan Bike Path Master Plan Rebranding launch Atlanta-based sales effort Merger of Guest Information Center Introduction of licensed products:
Jekyll Island Seafood Company restaurant, Jekyll Island Reserve wines Relaunch of website to Wordpress platform Robust social media presence

PAGE 35

0 TO 6O MONTHS

6O+ MONTHS

ISSUES
RR Balancing economic and financial needs with availability and access for visitors and environmental needs and limitations
RR Balancing lodging, infrastructure, and amenities to suit a wider range of markets
RR Need to know Island's capacity to maintain the desired balance between conservation and development
RR Financial sustainability of private businesses
RR Budget limitations RR Ongoing research RR Sustainability of special events and
festivals RR Increasing guest diversity: age, sex,
and ethnicity RR Changing school system vacation
seasons RR Aging hospitality products RR Limited foundation resources RR Percentage of full-time residents to
part-time residents RR Financial self-sufficiency RR Employee health benefit affordability RR Permitting processes RR Access to capital RR Public perception RR Balancing stakeholder needs RR Potential wastewater outflow
mandates RR Need to develop a planning approach
to the south end of the Island

SHORT TERM
ACTIONS
LONG TERM
ACTIONS
LONG TERM ACTIONS
Advocating for community for Exit 29 corridor gateway management
Branding refinement and communication
Group sales training Guest experience function Continue to capitalize on
conservation and preservation initiatives for marketing and public relations Create Opportunity Fund to help attract Island-wide conventions

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

SHORT TERM ACTIONS
Conduct study of JIA funding sources
and business plans to determine future
or additional revenue streams. The study
must:
Consider the long-term profitability of JIA business operations and abilities to invest in capital
Consider any potential outside revenue streams not currently being captured
Use the funding source study to prioritize investments beyond general repair and maintenance
Tasks: This is a priority task that should be completed within the first 8-12 months of the work program
Completion of the Beach Village:
Westin Hyatt Place Retail Village Jekyll Island Club Hotel Ocean Front Great Dunes Park South
Tasks: Over the next 12 months, continue to work with projects to ensure construction is complete and goals are met
Completion of hotel redevelopment:
Trammell-Crow projects Jekyll Oceanfront Oceanside conversion to Holiday Inn Quality Inn Remaining portions of the Hampton Inn Site Days Inn
Tasks: 0-15 Months: Continue to work with
leaseholders to develop plans 15-24 Months: Work with partners to
develop financial plans 24-40 Months: Work with partners through
construction phase 24-40 Months: Work with partners in
marketing and sale

Construction of a New Children and Youth Conference Center
Expanding Partnerships: College of Coastal Georgia; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University of Georgia/4H, Glynn County; Georgia Department of Transportation; Governor's Office; Legislative Oversight Committee
Tasks: 0-12 Months: Identify existing partners and
potential partners 12-24 Months: Develop planning with
partner organizations for potential projects and continued growth opportunities 24-60 Months: Implement priority partner opportunities and continue to maintain existing partnerships
Develop JIA/Island-wide point of sale, ticketing, & reservation system that unifies JIA functions to increase revenues and reduce costs
Tasks: 0-12 Months: Identify needed infrastructure,
locations, and components 8-12 Months: Identify development costs
and funding sources 12-24 Months: Program development and
roll out
Support increase in hotel/motel tax
Continue to work with Jekyll Island Convention and Visitors Bureau and Golden Isles Convention and Visitors Bureau to identify opportunities created by expanded funding.

PAGE 37

JEKYLL TRENDS

HISTORIC AND
ISLAND
CULTURAL RESOURCES

Historic District Tours
Historic district tours have declined since 2002. While down overall during this period, the numbers fluctuated. Since 2009 the number of tours seems to have stabilized and even increased almost 6% from FY 2009 through FY 2012.
Comparing the average number of historic district tours for the decade from FY 1993 through FY 2002 to the period from FY 2003 to FY 2012, a significant decline can be seen. From FY 1993 to FY 2002 the average number of individuals

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
Jekyll Island's historic and cultural resources are maintained, preserved, and enhanced as functioning, living landmarks and are used as educational tools that appropriately reflect their unique past and the significance of the Island in Georgia and US history. The protection and enhancement of these resources is vital to achieving the sound stewardship mission and allows the Authority to capitalize on these exceptional assets.

EXCEPTIONAL
ASSETS

taking tours per year was 44,314, and from FY 2003 to FY 2012, the annual average was 34,212. This is an almost 23% decline decade to decade. This may represent loss in visitors due to lack of hotel and convention space.
=4434,,321124VVISIISTOITOR

YF2Y01093-9230-122=002

S
RS

23%
DECLINE
DECADE TO DECADE

LOSS OF
10,102
VISITORS

F

Revenues
Museum revenues increased during the last decade in current dollars. In the period from FY 2003 through FY 2012, these revenues increased from $390,100 to $643,550 or a change of 65%. The FY 2003 revenue number is significantly lower than the other years in this time frame. For example, FY 2004 is $513,866. Using this figure, the percentage increase in revenue from FY 2004 through FY 2012 is 25%, still a significant increase in revenue and may indicate that visitation is also increasing.

ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Adaptive re-use of the Morgan Indoor Tennis Court
Completion of Historic District circulation improvements
Expansion of interpretive sign program to Beach Village, Great Dunes Park, and Great Dunes Golf Course
Expansion of Historic District event rental program
Transition of two new retailers in Pier Road Shops
Conservation of duBignon Cemetery burial vaults
Installation of Jekyll Island "State Era" exhibit in Convention Center
PAGE 39

0 TO 6O MONTHS

6O+ MONTHS

ISSUES
RR Profitability of Pier Road shops RR Developing improved sustainable
business model for museum operations RR Capacity of visitors:
RR What number of people is appropriate for positive historic district experience in tours, buildings, parking, and public and private events
RR What number of people can historic sites and buildings actually handle (fire code,
too many for good experience)?
RR Maintenance: preventing building and resource degradation
RR Affordability: Cannot charge what it costs to actually maintain buildings and resources as it would make it too expensive for many people to have access
RR How to capture more of the convention business attendance for Historic District activities
RR Need more diverse activities and programs in the historic district concerts or movies on the lawn, art, music, jazz, theater
RR Updated disaster plan for buildings, resources, and archives
RR Need better climate-controlled location for archive storage
RR Need more diverse telling of the historic and cultural resources Island wide - Wanderer, Native American, and African American history, for example

SHORT TERM
ACTIONS
LONG TERM
ACTIONS
LONG TERM ACTIONS
Adaptive re-use of Villa Ospo and Villa Marianna
Revision of Disaster Preparedness Plan and Post-Disaster Recovery Plan
Continued expansion of Interpretive Sign program
Study Historic District parking and solutions including shuttles from offsite locations
Determine capacity of cottages and other historic and cultural resources Maximum number of people for good experience Maximum number of events (public and private) before the Historic District experience is degraded
Develop better archives storage Identify resident homes built by
noted architects

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

SHORT TERM ACTIONS
Develop capital fundraising campaign
for revitalization of Jekyll Island Museum
in partnership with the Jekyll Island
Foundation
Tasks: 0-12 Months: Revisit
Museum conceptual plan 12-14 Months: Conduct
campaign feasibility study 14-24 Months: Conduct silent
phase of capital campaign 24-36 Months: Conduct public
phase of capital campaign 24-36 Months: Complete
design phase for project 36-48 Months: Complete
construction phase

Strengthen marketing of Historic District
and Museum to increase visitation,
attendance, and revenue streams.
Integrate into "other" activities for
Convention marketing materials
Tasks: 0 -12 Months: Develop
design standards, marketing plan, and components 12 -24 Months: Integrate into Museum Capital Campaign 24-36 Months: Develop "push" for opening of new facility. 36-48 Months: Develop post opening "push" and marketing roll out

Develop use and rehabilitation plans for remaining un-restored buildings (Gould, Baker-Crane, Large Dormitory, Hollybourne). Plans should identify potential funding sources for rehabilitation and revenue producing uses for the buildings
Tasks: 0-12 Months: Complete
detailed preservation study of buildings and examine use potentials 12-24 Months: Prioritize projects based upon need, use, and funding potential 24 Months+: Develop future opportunities

Develop diversity of events in the
Historic District to attract a broader
visitor base with activities such
as art, theater, music, movies
Tasks: 0-12 Months: Integrate
ideas as a part of Partnership development outlined in Economic Sustainability section 12-36 Months: Implement with partner organizations

PAGE 41

JEKYLL
NATURAL RESOURCES
ISLAND

The following section identifies many of the environmental factors that have affected the natural resources of Jekyll Island in prehistoric, historic, and recent times and that will affect management decisions in the future. Given the nature of ecological systems, these issues are inexorably tied to one another, requiring managers to anticipate interactions and synergistic effects. Given these simultaneously evolving systems, uncertainties inherent to predicting the effects of environmental change, and the centrality of stewardship in the mission and vision of the Jekyll Island Authority, managers should be adaptive in their decision-making and emphasize precaution in the preservation of natural resources.

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

NATURAL RESOURCES

A primary goal of the JIA is to ensure Jekyll Island's natural resources are sustained and enhanced through the development and implementation of conservation management plans that achieve the stewardship mission and capitalize the marketing position of Jekyll Island as an eco-tourism destination. Conserving the Island's natural resources is vital to the future success of the Island and is required by law.

ECO-TOURISM
DESTINATION

Approved by the JIA Board in August of 2011, the Jekyll Island Conservation Plan outlines a mission to

"preserve, maintain, manage, and restore Jekyll Island's natural communities and species diversity while providing nature-based educational and recreational opportunities for the general public."

The Plan defines long-term conservation objectives, goals, and management actions and is the primary guiding document for natural resource management on Jekyll Island. The Conservation Plan is being implemented under the supervision of the Director of Conservation and the JIA Conservatin Committee.

TRENDS
Climate Change
The effects of climate change on the natural resources of Jekyll Island include rising sea levels, transforming habitats, shifts in timing of biological events, rising temperatures, species range shifts, and spreading pests and diseases. The National Fish Wildlife and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy (www.wildlifeadaptationstrategy.gov) lays out seven goals with associated strategies and actions that should guide adaptation to climate change in respect to Jekyll Island's natural resources. These goals, stated below, are consistent with the Jekyll Island Conservation Plan and will ensure consistency with state and national efforts.

1. Conserve habitat to support healthy fish, wildlife and plant populations, and ecosystem functions in a changing climate
2. Manage species and habitats to protect ecosystem functions and provide sustainable cultural, subsistence, recreational, and commercial use in a changing climate
3. Enhance capacity for effective management in a changing climate
4. Support adaptive management in a changing climate through integrated observation and monitoring and improved decision support tools
5. Increase knowledge and information on impacts and responses of fish, wildlife, and plants to a changing climate
6. Increase awareness and motivate action to safeguard fish, wildlife, and plants in a changing climate
7. Reduce non-climate stressors to help fish, wildlife, plants, and ecosystems adapt to a changing climate

PAGE 43

TRENDS
cont'd
Sea-level Rise
Global sea level rose by roughly eight inches over the past century and has risen twice as fast since 1993 as the rate observed over the past 100 years. Local rates of sea level change, however, vary globally and across different regions of the coastal United States. Along Georgia's coast, sea level has been rising at a rate of about one foot per 100 years (NOAA: http:// tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_station. shtml?stnid=8670870). Precautionary planning for redevelopment, habitat restoration, and shoreline management should account for not less than 0.5 feet of sea level rise by 2060 and the strong possibility of sea-level increases between 1.3 feet and 2.3 feet during that period. Model-based scenarios displaying the predicted results of sea-level rise from 1-6 feet can be viewed at NOAAs Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Impacts Viewer (http://www. csc.noaa.gov/slr/viewer/).
Shoreline Change
Barrier islands such as Jekyll have naturally dynamic shorelines with areas of beach and marsh that are undergoing erosion and others that are undergoing accretion. Rates of shoreline change will be affected by increasing sea-level rise. Where developed areas are close to eroding shorelines, shore protection measures will be needed to protect property and infrastructure. "Living shoreline" technology offers the possibility of protecting shorelines using natural materials that encourage colonization by oysters, marsh grasses, and fishes. These methods enhance habitat value rather than resulting in further degradation and loss and therefore should be considered for any shore protection measures deemed necessary along marsh-fronted shorelines or bluffs along tidal creeks. Beaches and dunes should be allowed to develop naturally where possible. The Georgia Coastal Hazards Portal (http://gchp.skio. usg.edu/) is an online mapping tool that presents multiple visualizations of shoreline trends including erosion, accretion, and habitat shifts due to sea level change.
Fire Control and Management
Jekyll Island is comprised of a variety of naturallyvegetated areas influenced by trends in fire frequency

and intensity. During the state-owned era, these trends have favored suppression of wildfire and very minimal use of controlled burning. Due to the resulting accumulated fuel load, some areas of the Island are at risk of high-intensity, stand-altering wildfire that could threaten both human and natural communities. Future plans should maintain existing protective fire breaks, encourage low-intensity wildfires to self-extinguish under compatible, controlled conditions, and apply low-intensity controlled burning and mechanical fuel-reduction techniques where appropriate.
Maintenance and Enhancement of Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the number of different species supported by a particular area and can serve as a measure of ecological health. Historic trends in biodiversity on Jekyll Island are related to the geologic development of the Island, its historic and current uses by humans, and the effects of both non-native invasive and dominant native plant and animal populations. Efforts to monitor trends in Jekyll Island's biodiversity are central to the stated mission of the Jekyll Island Conservation Plan to preserve, maintain, manage, and restore species diversity. Biodiversity is a critical indicator of the effects of all other trends on Jekyll Island's biological communities and ecological processes.
Invasive Species Control and Removal
Non-native species that invade natural areas and directly or indirectly reduce the viability of native species population are considered invasive species. Several invasive plant species and a animal species currently affect Jekyll Island. Other plants and animals that may be considered invasive occur on neighboring barrier islands, the mainland, and north Florida, and may threaten Jekyll Island's natural resources if they were to colonize the Island. The JIA has participated in the development of The Coastal Georgia Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area (CG-CISMA). The mission of this multi-organization partnership is to implement a comprehensive, cooperative approach across boundaries to address the threats of invasive species to the lands and waters within the CG-CISMA by assessing occurrences; investigating pathways of infestation; quantifying impacts; developing early detection and rapid response systems; and through

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

education and outreach. The CG-CISMA has developed priority lists of invasive species specific to the coastal Georgia region. Continued active participation in the CG-CISMA will help ensure that the JIA has the information and resources necessary to recognize and respond to invasive species threats.
Wildlife Management
Some native species, including white-tailed deer and raccoon, are highly abundant on Jekyll Island due to the mosaic of developed and undeveloped habitats, abundant natural and unnatural food sources, and a shortage of natural predators. These species may be desirable for providing wildlife viewing opportunities but can adversely affect long-term conservation goals by reducing the viability of other native populations. These species are also commonly associated with nuisance complaints and public health and safety concerns. Other native species, including predators such as alligators and snakes, have the potential to control overabundant prey populations but have, until recently, been targeted for relocation or lethal removal. Bobcats probably once helped limit whitetail deer and raccoon populations on the Island, but evidence suggests that they may have been extirpated by hunting during the Jekyll Island Club era. The development of management protocols for native species requires an understanding of trends in population size, population health, and ecosystem health. Future trends should aim to support viable populations of priority species (as identified in the Conservation Plan), remove or relocate species only as a last resort to prevent conflict with humans, and control dominant native species populations when necessary to maintain biodiversity or protect priority species. The feasibility of enhancing biodiversity and ecological stability through reintroducing extirpated native species such as bobcat and wild turkey should be evaluated.
Management of Habitats and Sustainable Development
Despite limited development, Jekyll Island's natural communities have been significantly impacted through a history of human occupation and resource utilization including, agriculture, hunting, timber extraction, landscape modification for residential and resort development, drainage of natural wetlands, creation of artificial ponds, groundwater use, roadway construction, shoreline armoring, and infrastructure maintenance. Through time, most extractive uses, such as logging and hunting, have been eliminated

or reduced while recreational and educational uses, redevelopment, and maintenance activities have come to be the dominant human activities on the landscape. As the JIA seeks to increase revenue through visitation, managers should be mindful that increased use, even for recreational and educational purposes, increases environmental stress. This is particularly true at the boundary between developed and undeveloped areas. Future trends should aim to protect existing natural habitat as well as altered habitat that has recovered to ecological health through natural processes. Furthermore, the Conservation Plan calls for restoration and enhancement of disturbed habitats including wetlands and uplands. All proposed projects that have the potential to affect natural systems on Jekyll Island, whether for redevelopment, maintenance, beautification, public health, commerce, recreation, education, conservation, or restoration purposes must be evaluated via the Environmental Assessment Procedure (EAP) as specified in the Conservation Plan.
Applied Research
Research activities are essential to support adaptive management of natural resources. Research focusing on Jekyll Island has been conducted throughout the state-owned era, but only recently has applied research begun to be integrated into Island-wide management decisions. Internal research capacity has been vastly enhanced through the Georgia Sea Turtle Center Research Program. Built on a decadeslong effort to monitor trends in sea turtle nesting, the GSTC Research Program has broadened its scope to include ecological studies and wildlife health assessment related to freshwater, estuarine, and terrestrial turtles, amphibians, small mammals, birds, and species of perceived risk such as alligators and snakes. Additionally, the research program has expanded beyond wildlife to assessing hydrological restoration options for fragmented marsh habitats. These efforts have been strengthened by improved communication and collaboration between the JIA and external partners in academia, research, and natural resource management. Research findings are being translated directly into information for managers and entertaining educational materials and programs for the public. To monitor, evaluate, and respond to the other trends described above, strategic applied research should continue to be an area of growth through internal efforts, partnerships, and collaborations.
PAGE 45

ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Development of the Jekyll Island Conservation Plan
Addition of Director of Conservation position
Formation of internal Conservation Committee
Implementation of Environmental Assessment Procedure (EAP)
The GSTC continues to be a world-class leader in conservation through:
Integrated and applied conservation through growth and development of cross-departmental programs within the GSTC, such as the Diamondback Terrapin research and conservation program
Rehabilitation (veterinary and husbandry operations)
The veterinary student externship program
Research
Expansion of Research Department capacity and focus beyond the nesting beach and sea turtles
Establishment of Research Coordinator as graduate faculty at UGA
External and internal support generated for graduate-student research in ecology and wildlife health
Establishment of Research Coordinator as adjunct faculty at College of Coastal Georgia (CCGA)
Establishment of research internship programs for undergraduates for course credit at CCGA and Juniata College
Field courses/modules taught annually for CCGA, Emory College, and Juniata College
Creation of a 40-year sea turtle database through recovery and compilation of historical nesting data from Jekyll

Education
Establishment of an interactive Distance Learning Program
Volunteer programs The AmeriCorps program Capacity building for sea turtle
conservation throughout the world with a focus on Costa Rica and St. Kitts The Marine Debris Initiative
Implementation of a wildlife response and reporting system for internal and public use
Adaptive implementation of the Causeway Vegetation Management Plan
Annual white-tailed deer population assessments and herd health assessment completed
Long term vegetation monitoring initiated for maritime forest
USGS Cooperative Water Resources Program initiated to evaluate surficial hydrology
Watershed Monitoring Plan developed Watershed Assessment in progress Watershed Protection Plan to be developed based on Watershed Assessment
Pine Lakes Golf Course certified as a Cooperative Audubon Sanctuary
LEED Silver certification of the new Jekyll Island Convention Center
20th Century Fox dune restoration project Jekyll Island Green Screen film
screening and research showcase Certification of Jekyll Island as a
Bicycle Friendly Community

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

ISSUES
RR Development of dedicated funding mechanisms to support conservation and stewardship initiatives as outlined in the Conservation Plan and reach capacity goals for the Conservation Program as well as GSTC Rehabilitation, Research, and Education Programs
RR Restoration and maximization of habitat value in both undeveloped and developed areas
RR Management of interface between natural and developed areas
RR Management of wildlife and human interactions with wildlife
RR Management of wildlife populations and protection of priority species
RR Management of non-native invasive species RR Development of adaptive environmental
management plans for specific priority habitats and species RR Enhancement of capacity to enforce ordinances RR Enhancement of communication efforts internally and externally promoting JIA conservation initiatives and successes in addition to developing and disseminating digital, print, and social media materials to effectively reach target audiences RR Improvement of waste-management and disposal planning for redevelopment and maintenance projects RR Elimination of wildlife access to artificial food sources RR Improvement of visitor-use facilities in sensitive areas to accommodate desired volume of visitors without compromising ecosystem health or priority-species
management goals

SHORT TERM
ACTIONS
SHORT TERM ACTIONS
Develop and implement a conservation business plan that will support the growth of conservation initiatives and programs as directed by the Conservation Plan
Improve communication of the stewardship mission through web, print, and social media
Continue adaptive development of educational and volunteer opportunities through GSTC, the Children and Youth Conference Center, and environmental education partners
Revitalize Horton Pond for responsible visitoruse and stewardship
Certify Jekyll Island through the Tree City U.S.A. program
Certify Indian Mounds Golf Course as a Cooperative Audubon Sanctuary
Develop and implement research protocol outlining procedure for outside parties applying to conduct research on Jekyll
Support the design and implementation of strategic research that specifies internal and external scientific objectives and promotes internal efforts, partnerships, and academic collaborations
Control high-priority invasive plant and animal species in coordination with the Coastal Georgia Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area
Evaluate feral cat population and its effects on biodiversity and priority species
Continue to evaluate white-tailed deer population
PAGE 47

0 TO 6O MONTHS

cont'd

and its effects on biodiversity and priority species
Evaluate feasibility of white-tailed deer population control methods
Evaluate the feasibility of enhancing biodiversity and ecological stability through reintroducing extirpated native species such as bobcat and wild turkey
Enhance understanding of systemic connections between surficial aquifers, freshwater wetlands, and hydrologic alterations
Restructure and re-launch the Adopt-aBeach Program
Review and compile shoreline management literature and evaluate shoreline stabilization alternatives
Develop Shoreline Management Plan that includes both beach and marsh shorelines and accounts for the anticipated effects of sea-level rise
Develop and implement conservation management plans for all ponds that support or have supported wading bird rookeries
Develop restoration plan for Beach Pond and Indian Mounds aquatic corridor
Complete CIG marsh fragments project and evaluate restoration alternatives for Fortson Pond
Develop restoration plan for Fortson Pond
Develop conservation management plan for borrow pits that accommodates extraction of material while maximizing wildlife habitat value
Evaluate the ecological outcomes of the Causeway Vegetation Management Plan and adapt the plan accordingly
Update Conservation Plan
Update Fire-Management Plan
Maintain protective fire breaks and fire roads
Conduct feasibility tests for use of controlled burning
Assess feasibility of enhancing freshwaterwetlands habitat by eliminating or modifying drainage ditches

Pursue advancement of NOAA restoration funding for the First Creek watershed

Seek Association of Zoos and Aquariums Accreditation for GSTC

Continue expanding GSTC onsite capacity for Distance Learning to incorporate classroom, treatment room, and surgical facilities

Complete the GSTC Master Plan and

Submission of Request for Proposals for

Architectural/Engineering

Design and Specifications

of Exhibitory and Built Environment and

SHORT TERM

Fund the GSTC Master Plan architectural/engineering design

ACTIONS

work

Build on GIS capacity within GSTC Research Program to enhance linkages to internal and external mapping needs, efforts, and resources

Consolidate on Island solid-waste disposal, staging, and mulching to facilitate restoration and/or revitalization of one or more of the areas associated with these uses and evaluate potential for brownfields restoration funding for any decommissioned sites

Require use of sustainable development and redevelopment practices while balancing commercial needs through the use of the Environmental Assessment Procedure (EAP); sync with existing smart growth tools (e.g. Green Growth Guidelines, Coastal Stormwater Supplement, other BMPs)

Develop and implement plan to reduce or eliminate unpermitted residential and commercial landscaping in natural areas adjacent to lease plots

Update and enforce permitting requirements for well construction based on findings of USGS Cooperative Water Resources program

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

LONG TERM
ACTIONS

LONG TERM ACTIONS
Pursue funding to implement restoration plans with priorities to be determined by short-term outcomes and funding availability
Develop restoration plan for old landfill and dump and pursue brownfields funding for restoration of one or both properties
Develop and implement water conservation, energy conservation, and waste reduction programs across JIA and commercial and residential lease holders
Identify financial support and implement Shoreline Management Plan, in particular, addressing the rapidly degrading beach revetment

PAGE 49

TRANSPORTATION
JEKYLL INFRASTRUCTURE
ISLAND
MUNICIPAL SERVICES

49%

Water and Sewer Capacity

Permitted Water Withdrawal

Current Water Withdrawal level is 1,050,000 gallons per day

TRENDS

2,150,000 gallons/day 1,000,000 gallons/day

45.7%

Sewer treatment capacity

Sewer treatment plant currently processes 457,000 gallons/day

Water and Sewer Capacity
The current permitted water withdrawal is 2,150,000 gallons per day. The current water withdrawal level is 1,050,000 gallons per day or almost 49% of permitted capacity. Sewer treatment capacity is 1,000,000 gallons per day. Treatment plant currently

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

TRANSPORTATION, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES
Jekyll provides infrastructure for a small community of permanent residents, businesses, and guests and performs in a role similar to a local government a unique position for a state entity.

INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR LOCALS

Island Residents

processes 457,00 gallons per day or 45.7% of permitted capacity. The plant still has a 343,000 gallons per day buffer before the Environmental Protection Division's (EPD) 80% restriction level is reached.

Revenues
The revenues for the three municipal service related enterprises have varied. The water and sewer revenue declined while the fire and sanitation revenues have increased in the period from FY2003 through FY 2013.

Both systems have the capacity to accommodate the currently planned redevelopment projects.

Island Residents

Since 1980 there has been a significant

decrease in the number of people who

identify as residents of Jekyll Island in

the US Census. In 1980 there were 1,400

residents on the island, and by the 2010

census, that number

dropped to 805, a 42.5%

number of people who identify as residents of Jekyll Island in the US Census

Since 1980, Jekyll Island had a 42.5% decrease in resident population.

decrease in resident population. This decline corresponds to an increase in the number

of dwellings being used

1980 2010 as vacation rentals. The decline in permanent

805 residents 1400 residents

residents is perceived to

have negatively impacted

Jekyll's unique sense of

community.

Both systems have the

capacity to accommodate

the currently planned

redevelopment projects.

Water and sewer revenues declined almost 14% during that period which is due to the significant reduction in available hotel rooms. The fire department revenues increased almost 35%, and sanitation saw the biggest revenue increase at almost 88%.

+88% +35%

+32%

SANITATION FIRE DEPARTMENT WATER + SEWER FACILITIES & GROUNDS

FY2003-2013 Revenues for municipal service related enterprises

sanitation saw the biggest revenue increase at almost 88%.

Fire department revenues increased almost 35%

Water and Sewer revenues declined almost 14%

FY2003-2013 expenses has increased from $770,590 to $1,020,704

Increased significantly from FY2003 through FY2013

-14%
Expenses
The Repairs, Facilities, and Grounds expense has increased significantly during the period from FY2003 through FY2013, from $770,590 in 2003 to $1,020,704 in 2013. This is a 32.4% increase for the period or 2.9% per year. For the same period inflation averaged 2.5% a year. This increase can be partly attributed to increasing cost of materials and labor particularly related to maintaining aging infrastructure and historic resources.

PAGE 51

6O+ MONTHS

ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Completion of SPLOST projects
Completion of Phase III TE Bike Path expansion
ISSUES
RR Percentage of fulltime residents and part-time residents
RR Glynn County taxation vs. services (can/ should they do more?)
RR Impact of increased visitation on existing aging infrastructure and services; what are the capacities of infrastructure and services?
RR Life expectancy of sewer and water systems
RR Future stormwater infrastructure needs
RR Impact of redevelopment on fire department and mutual aid agreements with Glynn County

LONG TERM SHORT TERM
ACTIONS ACTIONS

Assessment of Water/Sewer Infrastructure and development of long-range plan
Conduct a capacity study to guide Island projects and redevelopment and inform land use and density decisions
Enhance existing waterways and provide additional recreational opportunities
Street Paving: the main thoroughfares on Jekyll - Riverview, Beachview, Shell and Captain Wylly - are all becoming worn and will need resurfacing within the next 2-5 years. Shoulder work is badly needed along many of these routes today. Additionally, there are many secondary roads that need to be resurfaced during this same time period. The Jekyll Causeway will also need to be resurfaced by DOT within this 2-5 year time frame. Cost Estimate: $300,000
Vehicle Replacement: many JIA vehicles were purchased as surplus vehicles from DNR. Several have over 200,000 miles. Current vehicles are fuel inefficient, and you can see the ground through the floorboard of several trucks. Cost Estimate: $100,000 annually
Capital Equipment Investment/Replacement Plan: One Year, Three Year, and Five Year plan. Not only JIA vehicles, but heavy equipment inventory is very old and constantly breaks down which leads to massive inefficiency for the work crews. Most heavy equipment is so old replacement parts are no longer available. Cost Estimate: $100,000 annually
Water & Wastewater Investment: Maintaining and improving the capacity, functions, control systems, and infrastructure of water and wastewater systems is vital. Capital needs are currently funded via user fees and costs are planned in a rolling seven-year plan. Annual Cost Average: $258,000; Seven-Year Cost Total: $1,806,000

Fire Department Ladder Truck: ISO has rated Jekyll a class three community - part of this rating came with the fact that there were less than four structures higher than three floors. With the new hotels that number will be surpassed before ISO revisits, and a ladder truck will be needed to maintain not only the rating but also the ability to provide expected services to residents and guests. Cost Estimate: $820,000
Firehouse Expansion or Replacement: The current fire station is undersized in comparison to modern fire apparatus. For example, the door width and height and bay sizes are too small to house a ladder truck. In addition there are concerns with ADA compliance and male/female living quarters. Options could include renovations to the existing 50-year-old Firehouse or demolition and building a new facility. Cost Estimate: $3.5 million

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

0 TO 6O MONTHS

M
S

SHORT TERM ACTIONS
Develop funding for future capital improvementsImprove communication

12-60 Months: Implement priority path repairs and expansion as funding is available
Investigate potential alternate uses of the airport (car shows, festivals, etc.)

of the stewardship mission through web,

print, and social media
Tasks: 0-12 Months: Prioritize major capital needs
listed within this section, and integrate with information from Business Plan and Revenue Stream analysis
Complete development of Island Wide
Signage Plan covering Directional Signs,
Traffic Signs, and Destination Signs
Tasks: 0-12 Months: Complete development
of signage plan, focused on wayfinding signage to ensure visitors can travel around the Island safely and easily no matter their means of transportation 12-36 Months: Implement priority signage improvements 36-60 Months: Implement secondary signage improvements

Assess current and future law
enforcement needs
Tasks: 0-12 Months: JIA Public Safety works with
GSP and Glynn County to identify public safety trends on the Island and potential weaknesses 12-24 Months: Develop Public Safety Plan examining trends and future needs 24-60 Months: Implement priority needs outlined in plan
Develop a comprehensive HR plan for
recruiting, developing and retaining
employees through: Workforce
Planning, Organizational Development,
Compensation & Benefits, Employee
Relations, and Risk Management

Encourage people to decrease auto

use through incentives and alternate

After completion of Master Plan, review

transportation options
Tasks: 00-12 Months: Develop alternate
transportation plan focused on Islandwide shuttle system with aspects for paid tours and group transportation that can be sourced by a sole vendor 12-14 Months: Release RFP for transportation and secure vendor 14-16 Months: Implement transportation system with vendor
Complete pedestrian and bike paths
Tasks: 0-12 Months: Prioritize bike path needs and
improvements outlined in Island Bike Path Plan and integrate with capital funding plan and revenue planning

Land Use Plan for future needs. Examine
utilization levels of Land Use areas for
highest, best use (such as the airport)
Tasks: 0-24 Months: Examine visitation and
infrastructure impacts of redevelopment projects as they come on line and continued growth in convention markets 24-36 months: Examine the impacts of redevelopment and visitation trends on revenue streams, Island amenity and business uses, and in capacities of public use areas 36-60 Months: Identify potential future redevelopment areas that can address needs and trends

PAGE 53

JEKYLL RECREATION
ISLAND

TRENDS
Golf Rounds
Rounds of golf declined 11% in the period from FY 2002 through FY 2012. This does not show the variation that occurred during the period. The largest drop occurred from FY 2006 through FY 2009. During this period golf rounds dropped from 82,379 in 2006 to 60,560 in FY 2009 a 26.4% decrease. This is most likely the result of the economic recession during the period and the loss of hotel and convention space. Since FY 2009 golf rounds have increased 21.5%, a likely indicator of increasing visitation.

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

FY2013 FY2003

ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Great Dunes Park Bike path construction Marsh boardwalk

Revenues
Revenue for some recreation related enterprises such as Summer Waves and the campground increased during the FY 2003 to FY 2013 period. In FY 2003, Summer Waves enterprise revenue was $1,526,729 and in FY 2013 it was $1,798,061, an increase of almost 18% which is still lower than the rate of inflation. During the same period, the campground saw a 64.5% increase in revenue. Expanding the campground could be a good source of additional revenues. Combined golf and tennis revenue declined significantly during the period, going from $2,291,934 in FY 2003 to $1,623,668 in FY2013, a drop of almost 30%.

$1,798,061 $1,526,729

+18%
Summer Waves enterprise revenue

Summer Waves enterprise revenue

Summer Waves and the Campground

+64%
Campground saw a 64.5% increase in revenue from 2003-2013.

FY2013 FY2003

OL FF++TTEENNNISNI>SFY> FY

G
GOL

INCREASE
VISITATION

20200313::$$21,,62293,16,93

4
68

30%
DECLINE
GOLF + TENNIS
REVENUE

LOSS OF $668,266

ISSUES
Campground is too small and needs to be expanded
More boating opportunities: kayaks rentals
What is the capacity of recreation amenities? How many people on a bike path or the beach is too many before the quality of experience is degraded
Private business success
PAGE 55

Develop funding plan and potential
sources for prioritized improvements
Tasks: 0-24 Months: Prioritize major
recreation needs listed within this section and integrate into capital funding and revenue plan 24-60 Months: Develop and implement priority projects based upon funding availability
Complete Bike Path Network
Campground: Redesign the
campground to accommodate new, larger recreational vehicles (RVs), and revamp certain areas to accommodate more RVs. Relocate and redesign Primitive Camp Sites to maintain market segment.
Cost Estimate: $2 million
North Picnic Area Revitalization:
Driftwood Beach is a major attraction for the Island. Unfortunately, beach erosion and other issues have taken their toll on the entrance to the area and its overall appeal. The area is overgrown, and access has become more limited. Parking is not well designed. This area could become a beautiful entrance/overlook area to Driftwood Beach. Picnic tables and other amenities could once again be a part of this area. Smaller areas with beach access/picnic opportunities, etc. could serve to disperse visitation throughout the Island in the future.
Cost Estimate: $300,000

Golf Course Master Plan: There is a
need to review all of the golf course operations in order to prioritize maintenance and improvements. This review should also examine the feasibility and impact of privatizing the golf operations and maintenance. Determinations should be made on how to best accomplish improvements to the three 18-hole golf courses, the historic 9-hole course, the support maintenance facilities, the Golf Club House, and Great Dunes Park Registration facility. There is an estimated 15 miles of cart paths that must be maintained and repaired. Club House renovations needed; work to several greens; drainage issues; course redesign and reconfiguration opportunities. Prioritize improvements: Indian Mound course, Driving Range, how best to handle aging Oleander infrastructure, Renovate or build new Club House facility.
Cost Estimates:
Indian Mound Renovation: $4.5 million
Oleander Renovation: $6 million Great Dunes Renovation: $2.5 million Driving Range Renovation: $50,000 Club House Improvements: $250,000 Golf Course Maintenance Equipment:
$200,000
Mini Golf: Drainage and landscaping
improvements are needed to improve the guest experience at the mini golf facility.
Cost Estimate: $75,000

SHORT TERM
ACTIONS

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

LONG TERM
ACTIONS

Fishing Pier: The pier is used by guests throughout the year for
access to better fishing. There are several damaged pilings that will require repair or replacement.
Cost Estimate: $400,000
Campground Pavilion: Gathering place. Winter guests have
requested this improvement for many years.
Cost Estimate: $100,000
Tennis Center: Updating of facility/locker rooms/concession
areas, etc. new fencing; landscape improvements.
Cost Estimate: $100,000
Amphitheater: A recent structural engineering study detailed
what would be needed to refurbish the amphitheater and support structures. Additionally, there is a need to determine how the facility would be promoted and operated.
Cost Estimate: $1 million
Summer Waves Water Park: Summer Waves is 22 plus
years old and has been a popular amenity for this Island since its inception. Revenues from Summer Waves continue to be extremely favorable to the JIA bottom line. With the exception of the splash zone, nothing new has been added to the park. As with any business, it is crucial to keep up with technology and trends related to the industry to simply hold your market share of the industry. Summer Waves has not done this, yet visitation numbers remain strong. There are upgrade needs to the Park and the need for modifications and a new attraction.
Cost Estimate: $3 million
Great Dunes South: Completion of this park will greatly
enhance the Village and Great Dunes Park projects. This area will provide additional parking, restrooms, picnic facilities and crossover services for guests. This project has received JIA Board approval, but funding is not readily available.
Cost Estimate: $600,000 Implementation of Clam Creek Master Plan: Complete
improvements to Clam Creek Picnic Area.
Cost Estimate: $400,000
St. Andrews Picnic Area Improvements: Resurfacing roads
and parking, replacement of paths, construction of picnic shelter.
Cost Estimate: $350,000

PAGE 57

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Economic Sustainability
1. Conduct study of JIA funding sources and business plans to determine future or additional revenue streams considering long term profitability, feasibility of privatization of certain functions, and outside revenue not currently captured
Tasks

Complete Study
2. Complete Beach Village including Westin, Hyatt Place, Retail Village, Jekyll Island Club Hotel Ocean Front, Great Dunes South Park
Tasks
Continue to work to insure construction is competed and goals are met
3. Complete hotel redevelopment including Trammell-Crow, Jekyll Oceanfront, Oceanside to Holiday Inn Conversion, Quality Inn, remaining portions of the Hampton Inn site, and Days Inn
Tasks
Continue to work with lease holders to plan
Work with partners to develop financial plans
Work with partners through construction phase
Work with partners in marketing and sales
4. Seek change in Jekyll Island Legislation from 65/35 ratio to maximum development acreage limit
JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Task
Work with Legislative Oversight Committee to draft and submit legislation
5. Expand partnerships including College of Coastal Georgia, DNR, UGA/4H, Glynn County, GDOT, Governor's Office, Legislative Oversight Committee among others
Tasks
Identify existing and potential partners
Develop plans with partners for projects, cooperation and continued growth opportunities
Implement priority partner opportunities and maintain exiting partnerships
6. Develop JIA Island wide point of sale, ticketing and reservation system that unifies JIA functions to increase revenues and reduce costs
Tasks
Identify needed infrastructure, locations and components
Identify development costs and funding sources
Develop and roll out program

7. Support increase hotel/motel tax

PAGE 59

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Tasks
Work with partners to increase hotel/motel tax
8. Continue to work with Jekyll Island CVB and Golden Isles CVB

Tasks
Identify opportunities created by expanded funding
Historic and Cultural Resources
1. Develop capital fundraising campaign for revitalization of Jekyll Island Museum in partnership with the Jekyll Island Foundation
Tasks

Revisit concept plan
Conduct campaign feasibility study
Conduct silent phase of capital campaign
Conduct public phase of capital campaign
Compete design phase

Construction JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2. Develop use and rehabilitation plans for remaining un-restored buildings. Plans should identify potential funding sources for rehabilitation and revenue producing uses

Tasks
Complete detailed preservation study of buildings and examine use potentials
Prioritize projects based on need, use and funding potential
Develop future opportunities

Buildings

Gould indoor tennis court
Baker-Crane carriage house with GSTC
Single servants dormitory for JIA staff office and expanded education classroom
Hollybourne
3. Strengthen marketing of Historic District and Museum to increase visitation, attendance, and revenue streams. Integrate into other activities for convention marketing materials
Tasks
Develop design standard, marketing plan, and components

PAGE 61

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Integrate into Museum capital campaign
Develop push for opening of new facility
Develop post opening push and marketing rollout
4. Develop diversity of events in the Historic District to attract a broader visitor base. Consider activities such as art, theater, music and movies among others

Tasks
Integrate ideas as part of partnership development outlined in Economic Sustainability section
Implement with partner organizations

Natural Resources

1. Develop and implement conservation business plan
Define funding needs, goals, and timeline
Identify feasible funding programs

Institute funding programs

2. Revitalize Horton Pond

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

3. Evaluate feasibility of whitetailed deer population control methods
4. Complete CIG marsh fragments project and evaluate restoration alternatives for Fortson Pond

5. Develop adaptive environmental management plans for specific priority habitats and species

Develop management plans for all ponds that support or have supported wading bird rookeries

Develop restoration plan for Fortson Pond

Develop restoration plan for Beach Pond and Indian Mounds aquatic corridor
Develop borrow pit management that accommodates extraction of material while maximizing wildlife habitat value

6. Shoreline Management

Review and compile shoreline management literature and evaluate shoreline stabilization alternatives

Develop Shoreline Management Plan that includes both beach and marsh shorelines and accounts for the anticipated effects of sea-level rise

7. Update Jekyll Island Conservation Plan

PAGE 63

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Transportation, Infrastructure and Municipal Services

1. Develop funding for future capital improvements

Tasks
Prioritize major capital needs and integrate with information from the Business Plan and Revenue Stream analysis
2. Complete development of Island wide signage plan covering directional signs, traffic signs and destination signs
Tasks
Complete signage plan focused on way finding signage to ensure visitors can travel around the Island safely and easily regardless of transportation method
Implement priority signage improvements
Implement secondary signage improvements
3. Encourage decreased automobile use through incentives and alternate transportation options

Tasks

JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action
Develop alternate transportation plan focused on island-wide shuttle system with aspects for paid tours and group transportation that can be sourced by a sole vendor
Release RFP for transportation and secure vendor
Implement transportation system with vendor

2014

4. Complete pedestrian and bike paths

2015

Tasks
Prioritize needs and improvements outlined in the Island bike path plan and integrate with capital funding plan and revenue planning
Implement priority path repairs and expansion as funding is available
5. Assess current and future law enforcement needs

Tasks
JIA public safety work with GSP and Glynn County to identify public safety trends and potential weaknesses
Develop public safety plan to address trends and needs

2016

2017

2018

PAGE 65

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Implement priority actions outlined in plan
6. Develop a comprehensive human resources plan for recruiting, developing and retaining employees through: workforce planning, organizational development, compensation and benefits, employee relations, and risk management
Tasks

Develop human resources plan
7. Review land use plan for future needs. Examine utilization levels of areas for their best use such as the airport.

Tasks
Study visitation and infrastructure impacts of redevelopment projects and continued growth in conventions
Study the impacts of redevelopment and visitation trends on revenue streams, island amenity and business uses and capacities of public use areas
Identify future redevelopment areas that can address needs and trends

Recreation
1. Develop funding plan and potential sources for prioritized improvements JEKYLL ISLAND MASTER PLAN 2014

FIVE YEAR SHORT TERM WORK PROGRAM
See Trends, Accomplishment, Issues and Actions section for full details on implementation items

Action

2014

Tasks
Prioritize major recreation needs listed within this section and integrate into capital funding and revenue plan
Develop and implement priority projects based upon funding availability
2. Complete Bike Path Network

2015

2016

2017

2018

3. Redesign the campground to accommodate new, larger recreational vehicles (RVs), and revamp certain areas to accommodate more RVs. Relocate and redesign Primitive Camp Sites to maintain market segment.

4. North Picnic Area Revitalization

5. Develop Golf Course Master Plan

6. Mini Golf drainage and landscaping improvements

PAGE 67

Jekyll Island Authority:
A. Richard Royal, Chairman, Camilla, Georgia Robert "Bob" W. Krueger, Vice Chairman, Hawkinsville, Georgia Michael D. Hodges, Secretary, St. Simons Island, Georgia Joy Burch-Meeks, Screven, Georgia Stephen "Steve" B. Croy, Richmond Hill, Georgia Homer "Buddy" DeLoach, Hinesville, Georgia Laura Lanier, Statesboro Georgia Sybil D. Lynn, Jesup, Georgia Mark Williams, Ex Officio, Georgia Department of
Natural Resources, Atlanta, Georgia C. Jones Hooks, Executive Director
Jekyll Island Legislative Oversight Committee:
Senator Ross Tolleson, Chairman, Perry, Georgia Representative Jay Roberts, Vice Chairman, Ocilla, Georgia Representative Alex Atwood, Brunswick, Georgia Representative Jon Burns, Newington, Georgia Senator Frank Ginn, Danielsville, Georgia Senator William Ligon, Brunswick, Georgia
Master Planning Team
Jekyll Island Authority:
John Hunter, Project Manager and Director of Historic Resources Ben Carswell, Director of Conservation Cliff Gawron, Director of Landscape Eric Garvey, Chief Communications Officer Chris O'Donnell, Legal Associate

University of Georgia:

Carl Vinson Institute of Government

Langford D. Holbrook, PI and Project Manager

Daniel H. Bivins

Jan Coyne

Leigh Askew Elkins

JEKYLL Brian Chernoff, Graduate Assistant
J.W. Fanning Institute for

Leadership Development MASTER PLAN 2014

Emily Boness Maritza Soto Keen Raye Rawls

ISLAND

Janet Rechtman

Joy Wilkins (now with the Small Business Development Center)

CREDITS:

Center for Community Design & Preservation at the College of Environment and Design
Eleonora Machado, Graphic Design