Community wildfire protection plan, Emanuel County, Georgia: an action plan for wildfire mitigation and conservation of natural resources

A Program of the Georgia Forestry Commission with support from the U.S. Forest Service

Community Wildfire Protection Plan
An Action Plan for Wildfire Mitigation and Conservation of Natural Resources
Emanuel County, Georgia

MAY 2018 1

Prepared by; Carson Jones, Chief Ranger, Emanuel County Will Fell, CWPP Specialist (Initial Plan 2011) Beryl Budd, Wildfire Prevention Specialist (Revised Plan 2018) Georgia Forestry Commission 296 Glynwood Drive Swainsboro, GA 30401 The following report is a collaborative effort among various entities; the representatives listed below comprise the core decision-making team responsible for this report and mutually agree on the plan's contents:
Michael Strowbridge Fire Chief, Swainsboro/Emanuel Co FD (478) 237-5223 chiefstrowbridge@hotmail.com Martha Culbreth Director, Emanuel Co EMA (478) 237-3169 mculbreth@emanuelco-ga.gov Guy Singletary County Administrator, Emanuel County (478) 237-3881 lgsingletary@emanuelco-ga.gov Carson Jones Chief Ranger, Emanuel County Forestry Unit (478) 237-2564 cjones@gfc.state.ga.us
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PLAN CONTENTS
PREFACE I. Objectives & Community Collaboration ................................................................................5
II. Community & Wildfire History..............................................................................................6 III. County Base Maps ..................................................................................................................13 IV. Community Wildfire Risk Assessment...................................................................................16 V. Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment & Risk Hazard Maps........................................20 VI. Prioritized Mitigation Recommendations ...............................................................................24 VII. Action Plan............................................................................................................ .............29 VIII. Mitigation & Grant Assistance........................................................................32 IX. Glossary..................................................................................................33 X. Sources of Information.................................................................................35
Appended Documents: Emanuel County Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Summary Report (SWRA) Emanuel County Wildfire Pre-suppression Plan NFPA 1141 Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land Development in Suburban and Rural Areas.
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Preface
The extreme weather conditions that are conducive to wildfire disasters (usually a combination of extended drought, low relative humidity and high winds) can occur in this area of Georgia as infrequently as every 10-15 years. This is not a regular event, but as the number of homes that have been built in or adjacent to forested or wildland areas increases, it can turn a wildfire under these weather conditions into a major disaster. Wildfires move fast and can quickly overwhelm the resources of even the best equipped fire department. Advance planning can save lives, homes and businesses.
This Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) includes a locally assessed evaluation of the wildland urban interface areas of the county, looking at the critical issues regarding access to these areas, risk to properties from general issues such as building characteristics and "fire wise" practices and response from local firefighting resources. It further incorporates a locally devised action plan to mitigate these risks and hazards though planning, education and other avenues that may become available to address the increasing threat of wildland fire. The CWPP does not obligate the county financially in any way, but instead lays a foundation for improved emergency response if and when grant funding is available to the county.
The Plan is provided at no cost to the county and can be very important for county applications for hazard mitigation grant funds through the National Fire Plan, FEMA mitigation grants and Homeland Security. Under the Healthy Forest Restoration Act (HFRA) of 2003, communities (counties) that seek grants from the federal government for hazardous fuels reduction work are required to prepare a Community Wildfire Protection Plan.
This plan will:
Enhance public safety Raise public awareness of wildfire hazards and risks Educate homeowners on how to reduce home ignitability Build and improve collaboration at multiple levels
The public does not have to fall victim to this type of disaster. Homes (and communities) can be designed, built and maintained to withstand a wildfire even in the absence of fire equipment and firefighters on the scene. It takes planning and commitment at the local level before the wildfire disaster occurs and that is what the Community Wildfire Protection Plan is all about.
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I. OBJECTIVES & COMMUNITY COLLABORATION
The mission of the following report is to set clear priorities for the implementation of wildfire mitigation in Emanuel County. The plan includes prioritized recommendations for the appropriate types and methods of fuel reduction and structure ignitability reduction that will protect this community and its essential infrastructure. It also includes a plan for wildfire suppression. Specifically, the plan includes community-centered actions that will:
Educate citizens on wildfire, its risks, and ways to protect lives and properties, Support fire rescue and suppression entities, Focus on collaborative decision-making and citizen participation, Develop and implement effective mitigation strategies, and Develop and implement effective community ordinances and codes.

The core team convened on August 26th, 2010 to assess risks and develop the Community Wildfire Protection Plan. The group is comprised of representatives from local government, local fire authorities, and the state agency responsible for forest management. Below are the groups included in the task force:

Emanuel County Board of Commissioners Emanuel County EMA Swainsboro Emanuel Co Fire Dept. Georgia Forestry Commission

It was decided to conduct community assessments on the basis individual fire districts in the
county. The various fire departments in the county assessed their districts and reconvened on Jan 28th, 2011 for the purpose of completing the following:

Risk Assessment

Assessed wildfire hazard risks and prioritized mitigation actions.

Fuels Reduction

Identified strategies for coordinating fuels treatment projects.

Structure Ignitability

Identified strategies for reducing the ignitability of structures within the Wildland interface.

Emergency Management Forged relationships among local government and fire districts and developed/refined a pre-suppression plan.

Education and Outreach Developed strategies for increasing citizen awareness and action and to conduct homeowner and community leader workshops.

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II. COMMUNITY & WILDFIRE HISTORY
Background Emanuel County, in southeast Georgia's wiregrass region, is the state's thirty-ninth county. It was carved from Bulloch and Montgomery counties in 1812 and named for David Emanuel, a veteran of the Revolutionary War (1775-83) who served as governor of the state in 1801. Although portions of Emanuel County were later annexed by five other counties, Johnson (1858), Jenkins (1905), Toombs (1905), Candler (1914), and Treutlen (1918), its remaining 686 square miles make it the seventh largest in area of Georgia's counties. The county's original inhabitants were Creek Indians, who lost their land in the 1773 and 1783 Indian cessions. The first white settlers arrived thereafter, acquired land by lottery, and cleared arable land from the pine barrens that cover the county to set up subsistence farms. Forest-related industries soon joined agriculture as an economic mainstay, with the longleaf pine forests providing raw material for sawmills, turpentine stills, and cabinetmakers. In the age of the automobile, Swainsboro, the county seat, has been called the "Crossroads of the South" for its location at the intersection of U.S. highways 1 and 80. In 1822 the state legislature named it "Swainsborough" in recognition of Stephen Swain, the state senator who introduced the bill for the county's creation in 1812. The town's name was changed to Paris at its incorporation on February 18, 1854, but three years later reverted to its current name, Swainsboro. There are seven other incorporated towns in the county: Adrian, Garfield, Nunez, Oak Park, Stillmore, Summertown, and Twin City. Some communities in the county have unusual histories. Because of a late-nineteenth-century family feud, the county line zigzags through the town of Adrian, placing part of it in Johnson County and part of it in Emanuel County. The town of Stillmore, originally called Kea's Mill, received its current name from residents with a sense of humor. They were prompted by a U.S. Post Office memo accompanying a list of potential new names for their town. The memo advised them that if they did not like any of the names on the list, "still more" could be sent. Before the Civil War (1861-65), transportation through the county was hindered by a lack of roads, and the population remained sparse. This did not prevent Union general William T. Sherman's troops from sweeping through the area in late 1864 on their march to the sea, however, and descendants of those who lived through the march still consider it a major part of the county's history. Many farms fell into a state of disrepair during the war, and efforts to rebuild were difficult after the cessation of hostilities. The county retained a rural character, chiefly because of the lack of roads and railroads. The first train tracks in Emanuel County were not laid until the 1870s, but when the railroads arrived, an era of large-scale lumber industry began. Nearly a century later, in the 1960s, a vigorous increase in both population and industrial trends led to the county's becoming a center for financial investment. Colleges in the area include East Georgia College and Southeastern Technical College.
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Notable Emanuel County residents include Pat Mitchell, the first woman to lead the Public Broadcasting Service. Among the places of interest are the Emanuel Arts Council, which offers a gallery and a gift shop, and the George L. Smith State Park, which houses the renovated Parrish Mill, a combination gristmill, sawmill, covered bridge, and dam dating from the 1880s. Annual events include the Pine Tree Festival, Garfield Washpot Cookout, and Agricultural Appreciation Day.
According to the 2000 U.S. census, the population of Emanuel County was 21,837 (63.7 percent white, 33.3 percent black, and 3.4 percent Hispanic), a 6.3 percent increase since 1990. Elizabeth B. Cooksey, Savannah, Courtesy New Georgia Encyclopedia
Wildfire History
Emanuel County located in southeast Georgia, is still almost 70% forested, despite an agricultural presence scattered throughout the county. Perhaps with the exception of the large blocks of woodlands in the areas along the Ohoopee, Canoochee and Ogeechee Rivers, there are homes and communities scattered throughout the county. The risks and hazards from the wildland urban interface are fairly general and substantial throughout the county even on the edges of the incorporated cities.
Emanuel County is protected by the Swainsboro Emanuel County Fire Department with a full time station in Swainsboro along with 12 volunteer departments located throughout the county. The Georgia Forestry Commission maintains a county protection unit located on the southeastern edge of Swainsboro just off of US Hwy 1 to respond to wildfires throughout the county. The cities of Swainsboro, Twin City, Adrian, Oak Park, Summertown, Stillmore, Nunez and Garfield are serviced by pressurized water systems with hydrants available.
Over the past 52 years, Emanuel County has averaged 133 reported wildland fires per year, burning an average of 876 acres per year. Using more recent figures over the past 10 years, this number has reduced significantly to an average of 76 fires per year burning on average 346 acres annually. The occurrence of these fires during this later period shows a pronounced peak during the months of January, February, March and April accounting for 57% of the annual fires and 67% of the average acreage burned. There is a significant decrease during the remainder of the year, particularly during the summer months, except for years with extreme drought such as 2007 and 2011.
Over the past 10 years (2007-2016), the leading causes of these fires, was debris burning and Machine Use causing 45% and 15% respectively of the fires and 53% and 8% respectively of the acres burned. Incendiary (arson) was the third leading cause accounting for 12% of the fires and 14% of the acreage burned during those years. Other major causes were lightning, children, campfires, and other miscellaneous causes. Records show that over 46% of the debris burning caused fires originated from prescribed burning and 27% were caused by careless homeowner burning. Other debris burning caused fires were from agriculture, site preparation, and construction activities.
The next several pages (8-12) include wildfire data from FY2017 and the preceding 10 fiscal years (2007 thru 2016). This data includes wildfire numbers, acreages, causes, and occurrence maps.
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County = Emanuel

Cause

Fires

Campfire
Children
Debris: Ag Fields, Pastures, Orchards, Etc
Debris: Construction Land Clearing

Campfire

7

Children

1

Debris: Ag Fields, Pastures, Orchards, Etc 2

Debris: Construction Land Clearing

3

Debris: Escaped Prescribed Burn Debris: Escaped Prescribed Burn

18

Debris: Household Garbage

Debris: Household Garbage

1

Debris: Other

Debris: Other

0

Debris: Residential, Leafpiles, Yard, Etc

Debris: Residential, Leafpiles, Yard, Etc

13

Debris: Site Prep - Forestry Related

Debris: Site Prep - Forestry Related

13

Incendiary

Incendiary

8

Lightning

Lightning

5

Machine Use

Machine Use

10

Miscellaneous: Cutting/Welding/Grinding

Miscellaneous: Cutting/Welding/Grinding 1

Miscellaneous: Other

Miscellaneous: Other

0

Miscellaneous: Power lines/Electric fences

Miscellaneous: Power lines/Electric fences 4

Miscellaneous: Spontaneous Heating/Combustion

Miscellaneous: Spontaneous Heating/Combustion

1

Miscellaneous: Structure/Vehicle Fires

Miscellaneous: Structure/Vehicle Fires

6

Miscellaneous: Woodstove Ashes Miscellaneous: Woodstove Ashes

1

Railroad

Railroad

0

Smoking

Smoking

0

Undetermined

Undetermined

3

Totals for County: Emanuel Year: 2017

97

Fires Acres 5 Yr
Avg
5.33 6.00
1.50 2.40
0.85 3.40

Acres 5 Yr Avg
7.86
1.48
21.68

5.25 1.40

1.63

171.05 17.20 0.10 0.60 0.00 0.40

73.32 0.22 0.37

19.32 8.60

17.94

82.42 8.00 6.43 3.80 95.25 3.00 25.57 6.60 0.10 0.40 0.00 1.00 23.20 3.60

26.97 6.37 43.91 11.97 0.04 0.37 7.68

0.01 0.40

0.10

3.81 3.20

27.85

0.20 0.40 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.20 10.39 4.60

1.24 0.02 1.70 14.36

450.78 75.40 267.09

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Year
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Acreage Burned /Number of Fires For Emanuel County For FY 2007-2016
Acreage Burned Number of Fires Average Size

487.14 251.74 285.79 143.92 862.25 544.74 386.06 211.02 193.06 94.51

94

5.18

76

3.31

72

3.97

42

3.43

108

7.98

93

5.86

87

4.44

61

3.46

87

2.28

45

2.10

Statewide Average Size
18.64 4.56 3.90 3.93 17.56 5.08 4.53 5.02 4.42 6.29

Number of Fires by Cause for Emanuel County for FY 2007 to 2016

Year Campfire Children

Debris Burning

Incendiary Lightning

Machine Use

Miscellaneous Railroad Smoking

2007 5

3

21

25

10

22

8

0

0

2008 1

2

37

10

7

13

6

0

0

2009 5

1

28

10

1

15

11

0

1

2010 3

2

21

8

2

4

1

0

1

2011 3

1

49

11

12

23

0

9

0

2012 6

2

41

13

6

14

5

5

1

2013 14

2

42

4

6

6

13

0

0

2014 5

4

35

1

0

3

12

0

1

2015 4

4

47

2

2

5

22

1

0

2016 0

1

24

4

2

9

5

0

0

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IV. COUNTY BASE MAPS
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IV. COMMUNITY WILDFIRE RISKASSESSMENT
The Wildland-Urban Interface
There are many definitions of the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), however from a fire management perspective it is commonly defined as an area where structures and other human development meet or intermingles with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels. As fire is dependent on a certain set of conditions, the National Wildfire Coordinating Group has defined the wildland-urban interface as a set of conditions that exists in or near areas of wildland fuels, regardless of ownership. This set of conditions includes type of vegetation, building construction, accessibility, lot size, topography and other factors such as weather and humidity. When these conditions are present in certain combinations, they make some communities more vulnerable to wildfire damage than others. This "set of conditions" method is perhaps the best way to define wildland-urban interface areas when planning for wildfire prevention, mitigation, and protection activities.
There are three major categories of wildland-urban interface. Depending on the set of conditions present, any of these areas may be at risk from wildfire. A wildfire risk assessment can determine the level of risk.
1. "Boundary" wildland-urban interface is characterized by areas of development where homes, especially new subdivisions, press against public and private wildlands, such as private or commercial forest land or public forests or parks. This is the classic type of wildland-urban interface, with a clearly defined boundary between the suburban fringe and the rural countryside.
2. "Intermix" wildland-urban interface areas are places where improved property and/or structures are scattered and interspersed in wildland areas. These may be isolated rural homes or an area that is just beginning to go through the transition from rural to urban land use.
3. "Island" wildland-urban interface, also called occluded interface, are areas of wildland within predominately urban or suburban areas. As cities or subdivisions grow, islands of undeveloped land may remain, creating remnant forests. Sometimes these remnants exist as parks, or as land that cannot be developed due to site limitations, such as wetlands.
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Wildland Urban Interface Hazards
Firefighters in the wildland urban interface may encounter hazards other than the fire itself, such as hazardous materials, utility lines and poor access.
Hazardous Materials
Common chemicals used around the home may be a direct hazard to firefighters from a flammability, explosion potential and/or vapors or off gassing. Such chemicals include paint, varnish and other flammable liquids, fertilizer, pesticides, cleansers, aerosol cans, fireworks, batteries and ammunition. In addition, some common household products such as plastics may give off very toxic fumes when they burn. Stay out of smoke form burning structures and any unknown sources such as trash piles.
Illicit Activities
Marijuana plantations or drug production labs may be found in the wildland urban interface areas. Extremely hazardous materials such as propane tanks and flammable/toxic chemicals may be encountered.
Propane Tanks
Both large (household size) and small (gas grill size) liquefied propane gas (LPG) tanks can present hazards to firefighters, including explosion. See the "LPG Tank Hazards" discussion for details
Utility Lines
Utility Lines may be located above and below ground and may be cut or damaged by tools or equipment. Don't spray water on utility lines or boxes.
Septic Tanks and Fields
Below ground structures may not be readily apparent and may not support the weight of engines or other equipment.
New Construction Materials
Many new construction materials have comparatively low melting points and may "off- gas" extremely hazardous vapors. Plastic decking materials that resemble wood are becoming more common and may begin softening and losing structural strength at 180 degrees F, though they normally do not sustain combustion once direct flame is removed. However if they continue to burn they exhibit the characteristics of flammable liquids.
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Pets and Livestock Pets and livestock may be left when residents evacuate and will likely be highly stressed making them more inclined to bite and kick. Firefighters should not put themselves at risk to rescue pets or livestock.
Evacuation Occurring Firefighters may be taking structural protect actions while evacuations of residents are occurring. Be very cautious of people driving erratically. Distraught residents mayrefuse to leave their property and firefighters may need to disengage from fighting fire to contact law enforcement officers for assistance. In most jurisdictions firefighters do not have the authority to force evacuations. Firefighters should not put themselves at risk trying to protect someone who will not evacuate!
Limited Access Narrow one-lane roads with no turn around room, inadequate or poorly maintained bridges and culverts are frequently found in wildland urban interface areas. Access should be sized up and an evacuation plan for all emergency personnel should be developed.

Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) is described as the area where structures and other human improvements meet and intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels.
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The wildland fire risk assessments conducted in 2011 by the Emanuel County Fire Departments returned a number of communities in the very high range. The risk assessment instrument used to evaluate wildfire hazards to Emanuel County's WUI was the Hazard and Wildfire Risk Assessment Checklist. The instrument takes into consideration accessibility, vegetation (based on fuel models), roofing assembly, building construction, and availability of fire protection resources, placement of gas and electric utilities, and additional rating factors. The following factors contributed to the wildfire hazard scores for Emanuel County:
Unpaved roads and private driveways
One way in and out Narrow roads without drivable shoulders Lack of uniform address signs Dead end roads without "turnarounds" Minimal defensible space around structures Homes with wooden siding Unmarked septic tanks in yards Lack of pressurized or non-pressurized water systems available Large, adjacent areas of forest or wildlands Heavy fuel buildup in adjacent wildlands Undeveloped lots comprising half the total lots in many rural communities. High occurrence of wildfires in the several locations Lack of homeowner or community organizations

Fire District Twin City Dellwood Summertown Garfield Canoochee Cross-nGreen Stillmore Swainsboro Nunez Adrian Norristown Oak Park

Summary of Emanuel County Assessments

Community Surrounding

Access

Vegetation

Building

Fire

Add.

Construction Protection Utilities Factors

8

20

10

12

5

18

6

20

20

8

5

28

12

35

20

15

7

35

15

20

15

12

7

9

21

20

15

17

9

25

21

20

21

35

24

35

23

20

23

20

22

20

25

35

23

20

8

25

15

12

9

35

25

13

9

35

30

12

9

40

20

17

9

17

20

21

9

27

25

15

4

40

Hazard Score Rating
72 Moderate 87 High 124 Very High 78 High 107 Very High
117 Very High 127 Extreme 141 Extreme 134 Extreme 106 Very High 119 Very High 145 Extreme

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V. SOUTHERN WILDFIRE RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK HAZARD MAPS
The Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment tool, developed by the Southern Group of State Foresters, was released to the public in July 2014. This tool allows users of the Professional Viewer application of the Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment (SWRA) web Portal (SouthWRAP) to define a specific project area and summarize wildfire related information for this area. A detailed risk summary report is generated using a set of predefined map products developed by the Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment project which have been summarized explicitly for the user defined project area. A risk assessment summary was generated for Emanuel County. The SouthWRAP (SWRA) products included in this report are designed to provide the information needed to support the following key priorities:
Identify areas that are most prone to wildfire
Identify areas that may require additional tactical planning, specifically related to mitigation projects and Community Wildfire Protection Planning
Provide the information necessary to justify resource, budget and funding requests
Allow agencies to work together to better define priorities and improve emergency response, particularly across jurisdictional boundaries
Define wildland communities and identify the risk to those communities
Increase communication and outreach with local residents and the public to create awareness and address community priorities and needs
Plan for response and suppression resource needs
Plan and prioritize hazardous fuel treatment programs
Community Protection Zones map from the Emanuel County SWRA
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Above: Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) map Below: WUI Acres (left) and WUI Population (right) 21

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Above: Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Risk map Below: WUI Risk Index - Acres
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Above: Fire Intensity Scale map Below: Flame Length map
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VI. PRIORITIZED MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS
Executive Summary As South Georgia continues to see increased growth from other areas seeking less crowded and warmer climes, new development will occur more frequently on forest and wildland areas. Emanuel County will have an opportunity to significantly influence the wildland fire safety of new developments. It is important that new development be planned and constructed to provide for public safety in the event of a wildland fire emergency.
Over the past 20 years, much has been learned about how and why homes burn during wildland fire emergencies. Perhaps most importantly, case histories and research have shown that even in the most severe circumstances, wildland fire disasters can be avoided. Homes can be designed, built and maintained to withstand a wildfire even in the absence of fire services on the scene. The national Firewise Communities program is a national awareness initiative to help people understand that they don't have to be victims in a wildfire emergency. The National Fire Protection Association has produced two standards for reference: NFPA 1144 Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland Fire. 2008 Edition and NFPA 1141 Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land Development in Suburban and Rural Areas.
The International Code Council developed the International Wildland Urban Interface Code (IWUIC) in 2012. The Georgia Legislature adopted the Code for use by Georgia Counties in 2014. It is not mandatory but can be adopted by Counties to incorporate into their development regulations in areas prone to wildfires and high risk WUI areas. This code can help minimize structural losses from wildfires.
When new developments are built in the Wildland/Urban Interface, a number of public safety challenges may be created for the local fire services: (1) the water supply in the immediate areas may be inadequate for fire suppression; (2) if the Development is in an outlying area, there may be a longer response time for emergency services; (3) in a wildfire emergency, the access road(s) may need to simultaneously support evacuation of residents and the arrival of emergency vehicles; and (4) when wildland fire disasters strike, many structures may be involved simultaneously, quickly exceeding the capability of even the best equipped fire departments.
The following recommendations were developed by the Emanuel County CWPP Core team as a result of surveying and assessing fuels and structures and by conducting meetings and interviews with county and city officials. A priority order was determined based on which mitigation projects would best reduce the hazard of wildfire in the assessment area.
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Proposed Community Hazard and Structural Ignitability Reduction Priorities

Primary Protection for Community and Its Essential Infrastructure

Treatment Area

Treatment Types

Treatment Method(s)

1. All Structures 2. Applicable Structures
3. Location of occupied dwellings
4. Driveway Access 5. Road Access
6. Codes and Ordinances

Create minimum of 30feet of defensible space**
Reduce structural ignitability**
Mapping & GIS
Right of Way Clearance
Identify needed road improvements
Examine existing codes and ordinances. International Wildland Urban Interface Code (IWUIC) adopted for use by Georgia Counties in 2014.

Trim shrubs and vines to 30 feet from structures, trim overhanging limbs, replace flammable plants near homes with less flammable varieties, remove vegetation around chimneys.
Clean flammable vegetative material from roofs and gutters, store firewood appropriately, install skirting around raised structures, store water hoses for ready access, and replace pine straw and mulch around plantings with less flammable landscaping materials.
Work with other agencies to map exiting homes within Emanuel County, Tax assessor, bldg permits, untilities.
Maintain vertical and horizontal clearance for emergency equipment. See that adequate lengths of culverts are installed to allow emergency vehicle access.
As roads are upgraded, widen to minimum standards with at least 50 foot diameter cul de sacs or turn arounds. Particular attention needs to be paid to housing authority properties to add emergency access.
Amend and enforce existing building codes as they relate to skirting, propane tank locations, public nuisances (trash/debris on property), Property address marking standards and other relevant concerns
Review the need for subdivision and development ordinances for public safety concerns.
Enforce uniform addressing ordinance.

7. Law Enforcement

Traffic control

Work with local law enforcement to better control non- essential traffic during fire emergencies.

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Proposed Community Wildland Fuel Reduction Priorities

Treatment Area

Treatment Types

Treatment Method(s)

1. Adjacent WUI Lands

Reduce hazardous fuels

Encourage prescribed burning for private landowners and industrial timberlands particularly adjacent to residential areas.
Seek grant for mowing or prescribed burning in WUI areas.

2. Existing Fire Lines

Reduce hazardous fuels Clean and re-harrow existing lines.

Proposed Improved Community Wildland Fire Response Priorities

1. Water Sources

Dry Hydrants & Dip Sites

Inspect, maintain and improve access to existing dry hydrants. Add signage along road to mark the hydrants.
Locate additional dry hydrants as needed.
Need improved drafting equipment and turbo draft pumps and hose.
GFC to locate and pre-clear additional helicopter dip sites for fire emergencies.

2. Fire Stations

Equipment

Wildland hand tools. Lightweight Wildland PPE Gear.

3. Water Handling

Tankers

Investigate need for tankers for rural stations.

4. Road Names

Road Signage

Improved Road Signage at Crossroads.
"Dead End" or "No Outlet" Tags on Road Signs

5. Personnel

Training

Obtain Wildland Fire Suppression training for Fire Personnel.
Ready Set Go training.

**Actions to be taken by homeowners and community stakeholders

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Proposed Education and Outreach Priorities
1. Conduct "How to Have a Firewise Home" Workshop for Emanuel County Residents
Set up and conduct a workshop for homeowners that teach the principles of making homes and properties safe from wildfire. Topics for discussion include defensible space, landscaping, building construction, etc. Workshop will be scheduled for evenings or weekends when most homeowners are available and advertised through local media outlets. Target local schools, community groups and local senior centers. Distribute materials promoting firewise practices and planning through local community and governmental meetings.
2. Conduct "Firewise" Workshop for Community Leaders
Arrange for GFC Firewise program to work with local community leaders and governmental officials on the importance of "Firewise Planning" in developing ordinances and codes as the county as the need arises. Identify "Communities at Risk" within the county for possible firewise community recognition. Encourage participation by communites, subdivisions, and developments to become recognized as a Firewise Community by meeting the standards:
Completed Risk Assessment by a fire agency Develop an action plan Annual Community Firewise educational or mitigation day Spend volunteer time reducing wildfire risk
3. Spring Clean-up Event
Conduct clean-up event every spring involving the Georgia Forestry Commission, Emanuel County Fire Departments and community residents. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) started the National Wildfire Prevention Day and it is held each year on the 1st Saturday of May. This is an excellent time for communities to recognize this day by planning a local event. State Farm Insurance Company also offers $500 grant opportunities for communities that participate. Set up information table with educational materials and refreshments. Initiate the event with a morning briefing by GFC Firewise coordinator and local fire officials detailing plans for the day and safety precautions. Activities to include the following:
Clean flammable vegetative material from roofs and gutters Trim shrubs and vines to 30 feet away from structures Trim overhanging limbs Clean hazardous or flammable debris from adjacent properties Celebrate the work with a community cookout, with Community officials, GFC and Emanuel County Fire Departments discussing and commending the work accomplished.
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4. Informational Packets Develop and distribute informational packets to be distributed by building permit office, realtors and insurance agents. Included in the packets are the following:
Be Firewise Around Your Home Firewise Guide to Landscape and Construction Firewise Communities USA brochures and materials Ready Set Go materials Fire Adapted Community information
5. Wildfire Protection Display Create and exhibit a display for the general public at local events as the Pine Tree Festival. Display can be independent or combined with the Georgia Forestry Commission display. Hold Open House at individual Fire Stations to promote Community Firewise Safety and develop community support and understanding of local fire departments and current issues.
6. Media Invite the local news media to community "Firewise" functions for news coverage and regularly submit press releases documenting wildfire risk improvements in Emanuel County. Utilize local radio stations and social media to reach new audiences.
Prescribed burning is a best management practice to reduce hazardous fuel buildup. The Georgia Forestry Commission can assist by developing a prescribed burning plan, installation of firebreaks, and can provide equipment standby and burning assistance when personnel are available.
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VII. ACTION PLAN

Roles and Responsibilities The following roles and responsibilities have been developed to implement the action plan:

Role

Responsibility

Hazardous Fuels and Structural Ignitability Reduction

Emanuel County WUI Fire Council

Create this informal team or council comprised of residents, GFC officials, Emanuel County Fire Department officials, a representative from the city and county governments along with the county EMA Director. Meet periodically to review progress towards mitigation goals, appoint and delegate special activities, work with federal, state, and local officials to assess progress and develop future goals and action plans. Work with residents to implement projects and firewise activities.

Key Messages to focus on

1 Defensible Space and Firewise Landscaping 2 Debris Burning Safety 3 Firewise information for homeowners 4 Prescribed burning benefits

Communications objectives

1 Create public awareness for fire danger and defensible space issues
2 Identify most significant human cause fire issues
3 Enlist public support to help prevent these causes
4 Encourage people to employ fire prevention and defensible spaces in their communities.

Target Audiences

1 Homeowners 2 Forest Landowners and users 3 Civic Groups 4 School Groups

Methods

1 News Releases 2 Radio, TV, social media 3 Personal Contacts 4 Key messages and prevention tips 5 Visuals such as signs, brochures and posters

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Spring Clean-up Day (National Wildfire Preparedness Day 1st Saturday in May)

Event Coordinator

Coordinate day's events and schedule, catering for cookout, guest attendance, and moderate activities the day of the day of the event.

Event Treasurer

Collect funds from residents to cover food, equipment rentals, and supplies.

Publicity Coordinator

Advertise event through neighborhood newsletter, letters to officials, and public service announcements (PSAs) for local media outlets. Publicize post-event through local paper and radio PSAs.

Work Supervisor

Develop volunteer labor force of community residents; develop labor/advisory force from Georgia Forestry Commission, Emanuel County Fire Departments and Emergency Management Agency. Procure needed equipment and supplies. In cooperation with local city and county officials, develop safety protocol. Supervise work and monitor activities for safety the day of the event.

Funding Needs

The following funding is needed to implement the action plan:

Project

Estimated Cost

Potential Funding Source(s)

1. Create a minimum of 30 feet of defensible space around structures

Varies

Residents will supply labor and fund required work on their own properties.

2. Reduce structural ignitability by cleaning flammable vegetation from roofs and gutters; appropriately storing firewood, installing skirting around raised structures, storing water hoses for ready access, replacing pine needles and mulch around plantings with less flammable material.

Varies

Residents will supply labor and fund required work on their own properties.

3. Amend codes and ordinances to provide better driveway access, increased visibility of house numbers, properly stored firewood, minimum defensible space brush clearance, required Class A roofing materials and skirting around raised structures, planned maintenance of community lots.

No Cost

To be adopted by city and county governments.

4. Spring Cleanup Day

Varies Community Business Donations.

5. Fuel Reduction Activities

$35/acre FEMA & USFS Grants

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Assessment Strategy To accurately assess progress and effectiveness for the action plan, the Emanuel County WUI Fire Council will implement the following:
Annual wildfire risk assessment will be conducted to re-assess wildfire hazards and prioritize needed actions.
Mitigation efforts that are recurring (such as mowing, burning, and clearing of defensible space) will be incorporated into an annual renewal of the original action plan.
Mitigation efforts that could not be funded in the requested year will be incorporated into the annual renewal of the original action plan.
Continuing educational and outreach programs will be conducted and assessed for effectiveness. Workshops will be evaluated based on attendance and post surveys that are distributed by mail 1 month and 6 months following workshop date.
The Emanuel County WUI Council will publish an annual report detailing mitigation projects initiated and completed, progress for ongoing actions, funds received, funds spent, and in-kind services utilized. The report will include a "state of the community" section that critically evaluates mitigation progress and identifies areas for improvement. Recommendations will be incorporated into the annual renewal of the action plan.
An annual survey will be distributed to residents soliciting information on individual mitigation efforts on their own property (e.g., defensible space). Responses will be tallied and reviewed at the next Emanuel County WUI Council meeting. Needed actions will be discussed and delegated.
This plan should become a working document that is shared by local, state, and federal agencies that will use it to accomplish common goals. An agreed-upon schedule for meeting to review accomplishments, solve problems, and plan for the future should extend beyond the scope of this plan. Without this follow up this plan will have limited value
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VIII. MITIGATION ASSISTANCE & GRANT FUNDING
Community Protection Grant: US Forest Service sponsored prescribed fire program. Communities with "at-risk" properties that lie within ten miles of a National Forest, National Park Service or Bureau of Land Management tracts may apply with the Georgia Forestry Commission to have their land prescribe burned free-of-charge. Forest mastication, where it is practical with Georgia Forestry Commission equipment, is also available under this grant program.
FEMA Mitigation Policy MRR-2-08-01: through GEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (PDM).
1. To provide technical and financial assistance to local governments to assist in the implementation of long term, cost effective hazard mitigation accomplishments.
2. This policy addresses wildfire mitigation for the purpose of reducing the threat to allrisk structures through creating defensible space, structural protection through the application of ignition resistant construction and limited hazardous fuel reduction to protect life and property.
3. With a completed registered plan (addendum to the State Plan) counties can apply for pre-mitigation funding. They will also be eligible for HMGP funding if the county is declared under a wildfire disaster.
Georgia Forestry Commission: Plowing and prescribed burning assistance, as well as forest mastication, can be obtained from the GFC as a low-cost option for mitigation efforts.
The Georgia Forestry Commission Firewise Community Mitigation Assistance Grants Nationally recognized Firewise Communities can receive up to $5000 grants to help address potential wildfire risk reduction projects. Grant submission can be made through local Georgia Forestry Commission offices or your Regional Wildfire Prevention Specialist.
The International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) and American International Group, Inc. (AIG) offer grants to assist local fire departments in establishing or enhancing their community fuels mitigation programs while educating members of the community about community wildfire readiness and encouraging personal action.
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IX. GLOSSARY
Community-At-Risk A group of two or more structures whose proximity to forested or wildland areas places homes and residents at some degree of risk.
Critical Facilities Buildings, structures or other parts of the community infrastructure that require special protection from an approaching wildfire.
CWPP The Community Wildfire Protection Plan.
Defensible Space The immediate landscaped area around a structure (usually a minimum of 30 ft.) kept "lean, clean and green" to prevent an approaching wildfire from igniting the structure.
Dry Hydrant - A non-pressurized pipe system permanently installed in existing lakes, ponds and streams that provides a suction supply of water to a fire department tank truck.
FEMA The Federal Emergency Management Agency whose mission is to support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.
Fire Adapted Community A community fully prepared for its wildfire risk by taking actions to address safety, homes, neighborhoods, businesses and infrastructure, forest, parks, open spaces, and other community assets.
Firewise Program A national initiative with a purpose to reduce structural losses from wildland fires.
Firewise Community/USA A national recognition program for communities that take action to protect themselves from wildland fire. To qualify a community must have a wildfire risk assessment by the Georgia Forestry Commission, develop a mitigation action plan, have an annual firewise mitigation/education event, have dedicated firewise leadership, and complete the certification application.
Fuels All combustible materials within the wildland/urban interface or intermix including, but not limited to, vegetation and structures.
Fuel Modification Any manipulation or removal of fuels to reduce the likelihood of ignition or the resistance to fire control.
Hazard & Wildfire Risk Assessment An evaluation to determine an area's (community's) potential to be impacted by an approaching wildland fire.
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Healthy Forests Initiative - Launched in August 2002 by President Bush (following passage of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act by Congress) with the intent to reduce the risks severe wildfires pose to people, communities, and the environment. Home Ignition Zone (Structure Ignition Zone) - Treatment area for wildfire protection. The "zone" includes the structure(s) and their immediate surroundings from 0-200 ft. Mitigation An action that moderates the severity of a fire hazard or risk.
National Fire Plan National initiative, passed by Congress in the year 2000, following a landmark wildland fire season, with the intent of actively responding to severe wildland fires and their impacts to communities while ensuring sufficient firefighting capacity for the future.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) - An international nonprofit organization established in 1896, whose mission is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life by providing and advocating consensus codes and standards, research, training, and education.
National Wildfire Preparedness Day Started in 2014 by the National Fire Protection Association as a day for communities to work together to prepare for the approaching wildfire season. It is held annually on the first Saturday in May.
Prescribed Burning (prescribed fire) The use of planned fire that is deliberately set under specific fuel and weather condition to accomplish a variety of management objectives and is under control until it burns out or is extinguished.
Ready, Set, Go - A program fire services use to help homeowners understand wildfire preparedness, awareness, and planning procedures for evacuation.
Southern Group of State Foresters Organization whose members are the agency heads of the forestry agencies of the 13 southern states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
Stakeholders Individuals, groups, organizations, businesses or others who have an interest in wildland fire protection and may wish to review and/or contribute to the CWPP content.
Wildfire or Wildland Fire An unplanned and uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels.
Wildland/Urban Interface - The presence of structures in locations in which the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) determines that topographical features, vegetation, fuel types, local weather conditions and prevailing winds result in the potential for ignition of the structures within the area from flames and firebrands from a wildland fire (NFPA 1144, 2008).
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X. SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Publications/Brochures/Websites: FIREWISE materials can be ordered at www.firewise.org Georgia Forestry Commission www.georgiafirewise.org Examples of successful wildfire mitigation programs can be viewed at the website for National Database of State and Local wildfire Hazard Mitigation Programs sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service and the Southern Group of State Foresters www.wildfireprograms.com Information about a variety of interface issues (including wildfire) can be found at the USFS website for Interface South: www.interfacesouth.org Information on codes and standards for emergency services including wildfire can be found at www.nfpa.org Information on FEMA Assistance to Firefighters Grants (AFG) can be found at www.firegrantsupport.com Information on National Fire Plan grants can be found at http://www.federalgrantswire.com/national-fire-plan--rural-fire-assistance.html Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment website SouthWRAP www.SouthernWildfireRisk.com Fire Adapted Communities www.fireadapted.org Ready, Set, Go www.wildlandfirersg.org National Wildfire Preparedness Day www.wildfireprepday.org Appended Documents:
Emanuel County Southern Wildfire Risk Assessment Summary Report (SWRA) Emanuel County Wildfire assessment scoresheets All files that make up this plan are available in an electronic format from the Georgia ForestryCommission.
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Georgia Forestry Commission 5645 Riggins Mill Rd. Dry Branch, GA 31020 1-800-GA-TREES GaTrees.org
The Georgia Forestry Commission provides leadership, service, and education in the protection and conservation of Georgia's forest resources. An Equal Opportunity Employer and Service Provider
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