Centennial celebration: one hundred years of education for the deaf in Georgia, 1848-1948

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1848 1948 CENTENN.IAL CELEBRATION GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF

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Centennial Celebration
o E HUI DRED YEARS I OF
EDUCATIO FOR THE DEAF I GEORGIA
1848 - 1948
CENTENNIAL
Deaf children struggled in a silent world Unaided. Who had skill to penetrate That veil of silence? Theirs a lonely Fate-
Abandoned ships by changing currents whirled; Left aimlessly adrift without one sail unfurled.
But men who would not bou.. to Fate took hold And rent the veil that those therein might dwell Beneath the light of knowledge; banished hell
OF ignorance Forever-they were bold And Fearless men who gave where others might have sold.
This work has grown a hundred passing years: A hundred years of happiness-and pain,' A hundred years of struggle-and of gain;
Enlightenment in spite of useless ears; A monument, a shrine, a triumph over tears.
Let us now dedicate the years to be Anew to that one glorious shining mark That none need wander aimlessly in dark
OF ignorance-ways can be Found to free A Fettered mind. and" guide" and ,. teach" be our decree.
-0. Tollefson

Foreword
The departing footsteps of 1948. which will soon echo down the corridors of the past. will write "Finis" to an interesting and important volume in the history of the Georgia School for the Deaf. 1949 will open a new volume. on whose clean pages. we hope, will be written the record of great accomplishments made possible by the challenge of the future. While our hopes and aspirations look forward. our hearts turn back in loving review and tender reminiscence as we come together to rejoice in our great heritage.
The continued effort of the Centennial Publication Committee has been to give an interesting correct history of our schoola historical account which will be of fundamental value in lengthening the golden thread of friendship that binds our school family and friends together. and in helping young American deaf children in the years to come. to understand and rejoice in our great institutional heritage as they feast on some of the rich and abundant traditions that we bring to them out of the glorious epochs of the past.
Great care has been exercised to insure the historical accuracy of all facts presented. The illustrations have been chosen with discrimination so that they might contribute vitally to a larger acquaintance with our school and its glorious history. and that they might bring a host of cherished memories in the retrospective hours of those who have a deep and abiding affection for their Alma Mater.
Between the covers of this volume are pictured the history of yesterday, with its aspirations. joys and sorrows; scenes of-today with the record of the present. which will become with the advancing years a souvenir of the past; and the prophecy of tOmorrow with its compelling message, "Accept the challenge that I thrust upon you as an expression of your gratitude for the faith. sacrifice, courage. and devotion that has come to you from those who have blazed the trail."
On this one-hundredth anniversary of the birthday of the Georgia School for the Deaf, may we say with sincerity.. "We believe in the future of our school; we honor its founders; we endorse its principles; and we pledge our support to the interest of the deaf child everywhere."
This volume is not as comprehensive and detailed as we would like, but if it will open up a vista of unexplored information for those unfamiliar with our school; if it will call to mind delightful memories to those who took part in the life of our school, and provide a shelter for these fond and cherished memories that otherwise might be lost in the forgotten past; and if it can portray to the generations yet to come, something of their rich heritage. we feel it will have fulfilled the mission on which we send it.

Dedication
In recogmtlOn and sincere appreciation of your friendly in-
terest, your cordial cooperation, your never-failing encouragement, your constant inspiration, your genuine loyalty, and your compelling appeals on behalf of your Alma Mater, this volume is lovingly d~djcated to YOU-the deaf of Georgia.
MY MUSIC
Tn rhythmic beat and graceful turn, Stran 'e inner harmonies I learn; The waving wheat or silent sheaves, The glistening snow and dancing leaves; The humming bird's swift upward flight, A fire-fly darting through the night, An oak tree waving friendly arms, A lily bell's ingenious charms, The rioole of a smile across Some ~areworn face, to hide a loss, The swift, strong current of the river, A bird's throat tvith glad song a-quiver, The light and shade upon the grass, The butterflies that fluttering pass, The cloud of spray a robin shook From the margin of the brook. Although my ears are cfosr::d to sound. Sweet music greets me all around. And in these silent harmonies I hear the grandest symohonies.
-Laura A. Davies

Governor of Georgia
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Ho ORABLE M. E. THOMPSO

State Board of Education

J. ROY M~ GINTY

MRS. HENRY TROUTMAN L.O.SMITH

w.e. CLARY

W.-T. ANDERSON

W.W-.KIRBY

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E..M. VEREEN

J.W.QVERSTREET KAY TIPTON

Greetings from Our Superintendent
On this Centennial anniversary of the Georgia School for the Deaf. our school family and a host of loyal parents and other friends have come together to rejoice in our great heritage. and to recall with pride and appreciation the glorious and abounding traditions that have come down to us through the past history of our school. We have come together to honor those who were
inspired to a deeper study of the deaf child and to a higher sense of their great
responsibility as parents and guardians of these children. What we have and are has come to us from sacred hands. and we are indebted to all who have gone before.
Today we can pay no greater tribute to these pioneer than by giving our loyalty and service to the movement which they established. May that loyalty be one of understanding. appreciation and devotion and that service one of unselfish dedication to the cause so dear to their hearts-the education and the abundant life of the deaf child.
It is only as we look back that we can rightly feel the challenge of the future. Tociay as I extend to you in the name of this institution the warmest and most sincere welcome that I know. I join you in a rededication to the cause and in a pledge to meet this challenge.
OUR GRACIOUS HOSTESS
Mrs. Hollingsworth before her marriage was Miss Hazel 'Wright of Cave Spring. As the great-niece of Mr. W. O. Connor, superintendent of this scho-l for almost fifty years, a the daughter of Mr. C. W. Wright, a teach.'}r in this school for over forty years, and as the wife of our superintendent, she has been so closely identified with the school that it come quite natural to her to play the rc1e of our graciou hoste s.
To follow Mr . Holling 'worth con ecutively through the years would re ult in a detailed record of school interests and activities and an account d an outstanding contribution to everything that pertained to the welfare of our chool family.
In the annals of the Georgia School for the Deaf, the name of Hazel Wright Hollingsworth will ever be illumined by the glow of a grateful affection.
Mrs. Clayton H. Hollingsworth

Our Superintendent . '-
CLAYTO H. HOLL! GSWORTH

Commencement Speaker
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Ho aRABLE M. D. COLLI S, State Superintendent of Schools

Centennial Progran1

BACCALAUREATE SERVICE Sunday May 30, 1948
Cave Spring Baptist Church

11 :00 A.M. Processi o n a 1
Invoca tion

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Mrs. J. T. Kerr

The Reverend W. J. Atha

Pastor of the Cave Spring Methodist Church

Hymn

Holy, Holy, Holy

Scripture Reading

Hymn

Onward Christian Soldiers

Baccala urea te Sermon

Dr. L. O. Gran t

Pastor of th2 Cave Spring Bzpti-t Church

Hymn

Blest .Be The Tie That Binds

Benediction Recessional

Mrs. J. T. Kerr

COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES

Friday, June 4, 1948

Campus of the Georgia School for the Deaf
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IDA. M.

Music

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P rocessi0 na1

Cedartown High School.Band Senior Class

Invocation Saluta tory

Mrs. R. W. Fincher, Pianist The Reverend Robert C. Fletcher Clarence Highfleld

Recogni tion of Service _

Senior Class

Members of the school faulty who have served 25 years or more

V aledictory

George Vaughan

Greetings

--------------- Superintendent C. H. Hollingsworth

Introduction of Speaker ; Superintendent C. H. Hollingsworth

Commencment Address

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Honorable M. D. Collins

State Superintendent of Scbools

Presentation of Diplomas

_ Honorable J. Roy McGinty

Recessional

Chairman Cave Spring Committee State Board of Education Senior Class

In termission

2:30 P. M.

Drill, Parade of the "Wooden Soldiers"

Intermediate Pupils

Pageant, History of the Georgia School for the Deaf, 1848 - 1948 _

Primary D..>partment,

Directed by Mrs. Emmalee Jones Highnote

RECEPTION Fannin Hall
8:00 - 11 :00 P.M.
Reception honoring guests and visitors

8: 00 - 11: 00 P. M.

Centennial Speaker
HONORABLE BARRY WRIGHT

Centennial Program

Saturday, June 5, 1948 Campus of the Georgia School for the Deaf
THE MESSAGE OF A CENTURY

10:00 A. M.

Music

. .-._. . .. Rome High School Band

Processional

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... .

._ PIa tfo rm .Guests

Invoca tion

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. Honorable M. D. Collins

Greetings

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.. . Honorable Josh Tumlin

Response .. .__. .

Mayor of Cave Spring Honorable Ernest Herron

President of the Georgia Association of the Deaf

Introduction of Speaker

Centennial Address ..

Music .. ._.__.

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. Superintendent C. H. Hollingsworth Honorable Barry Wright
Rome High School Band

Presentation of the Governor .. Honorable Henderson Lanh;tm

Address .

Member of Congress ._.. Honorable M. E. Thompson

Governor of Georgia

Centennial Picture: All guests are asked to remain for a group pic-

ture of the 100th Anniversary of the" Georgia School for the Deaf.

Intermission

Barbecue for the Alumni and Invited Guests

Sponsored by Rome and Cedartown Chambers of Commerce

3:00 M usic _.

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._._.. Rome High School Band

3:00 P. M.

Open House and Exhibits

All departments open to our guests. Teachers will be on duty in their classrooms.

DANCE

Sponsored by the Georgia Association of the Deaf

Consolidated School Auditorium

8:00 P.M. Grand March

10: 00 Floor Show .

. . In termedia te and Advanced Pupils Directed by Mr. Ralph White

FOUNDERS DAY SERVICE

Sunday, June 6, 1948

School Campus

10:00 A. M. Invoca tion

.__. .______ The Reverend James Stallings

Song, When You arJd I W ere Young

Mr. Esteben Ward

Greetings and T ribu tes ._.

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Mr. Ernest Herron

Hymn, Blest Be the Tie That Binds ---T--" Janie Smith, Janie Elder,

Offertory Centennial Sermon

Lorraine Kicklighter .
. . . Dr. Wallace Rogers

Hymn, God Be With You _. _.

. . Mrs. Gustive Weil

Benediction .

.. The Reverend Robert C. Fletcher

LUNCH

Honoring the Alumni

Cen tennial Address

ertainly during the last eight or ten years there tellectual abilities of the afflicted one might well be norhave been occasions to wonder whether the boasted pro- mal or above, thsy were often treated as insane.

gress of civilization has really amounted to very much.

We've heard of concentration camps, death chambers,

slave labor, displaced persons and starvation as well as

torture and even cannibalism. Some people seem to fear

that the development of the atomic bomb is a direct

threat not only to human life but to civilization itself.

We have wondered whether things are as they were two

or three thousand years ago, when as the Bible as well as

history tells us that men, women and children were put to

the sword.

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The first definite knowledge was within the last 200 years as a result of studies in France and in Germany, and in this country interest was manifested only during the last 120 years, and shortly after that some deaf persons in Georgia were sent to a school for the deaf in Connecticut. The results of this were so favorable that within
a period of less than twenty yeats' a state institution for
the deaf was provided by Legislative act here at Cave Spring, and about 100 years ago a building was dedicated for this purpose. It is the centennial of that dedication

It is, therefore, a happy occasion that we can turn that W<:l celebrate here today.

from these gloomy 'thoughts and forebodings, and think

Before this building, the first building was a one

of the development and progress of humanity, at least in room log cabin, with four students. By the time the first

some lines.

permanent building was erected in 1848, 100 years ago,

America, in the annals of history, is still a very yeung country, with a history as a nation of only some 160 or 175 years out of the tens of thousands of years that human beings are supposed to have lived on this planet. Yet as recently as this nation was founded there was ncthing known of a remedial or helpful nature in regard to the affliction of deafness when it was present either at birth or when it occurred within the first few

the number of students had increased from four to

fourteen. During the period of the War Between the

States and f"r about two years after'Y.ards the institution

was closed. Then it was reopened, arid the attendance at

the school has steadHy increased year by year. In 1883 a

departl)1ent for the negroes was initiated, and now the

total white and colored attendance at the school has

reached 285.

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years of the life of a person.

Today we find here modern school buildings and

One hundred fifty years ago the plight of a deaf persen was truly a pitiable one. It was not then known that deafness was the cause of the trouble. It was believed that a person who was born deaf was "rendered speechless" and destitute of reasoning ability. It was not realized that lack of speech and reasoning ability were only effects of deafness and not due to some defect of the brain; it was not realized that a person did not talk because he did not hear' . ..

facilities that have gene a long way from the one room log cabin, with one teacher and four students, with the slate and slate pencil equipment, with only one trade or. vocation taught, with only a brief .limit of instruction of four years, and by the great change from an institutional basis to a public school basis.
Now we see the erection of splendid buildings, the increas_ in a' faculty better trained and equipped than ever before, and by the establishment of a twelve year term 'of instruction that carri'es the student all the way

If the person was in a kindly family where his wants from primary through the high school grades, and the

were anticipated and provided for, his existence, but only teaching of many crafts and trades.

a creature existence, was to a certain extent taken care of. But when this person did not have or lost tbis friendly family relationship, and was thrown .for one reason or another on the world his condition was truly pitiable.

The result in human.-;values cannot be estimatedthe change from helpless and hopeless people to happy and usdul members of society has created new! hope, new interest and.a new life' for hundreds of people and

In a kindly family home the afflicted person could their families.

learn, through imitation, certain simple tasks and duties that would help him to while away the many weary hours, but even then his mental and intellectual growth wa bound to be stunted, his knowledge of the things of the world that are common knowledge was limited, his interest was almost void.

I do not have the exact statistics but I believe the estimates as to deaf people in Georgia would run to something over four thousand. Probably more than five hundred of these are of school age, and could be bene. f,ited and. made into useful and happy people if they were given the expert help and assistance that they need

There are books that tell us of the terrible conditions that existed a hundred and fifty years ago in the 'lsylums for the insane. These conditions were often suf-

by placing them in the specialized school that has been established here at Cave Spring, and given the specialized teaching and instruction that is required.

fered by the deaf simply because no one understood deaf-

This country has about universally accepted the

ness; and despite the fact that the latent mental and in- principle that education in a free country is essential to

the development of the individual, and the development of the individual is the sole basis upon which a free country can exist. In accordance with this almost universal belief that education is a necessary adjunct to free citizenship, our laws have provided for all the normal chjldren of this State compulsory chool attendance laws, requiring them to attend schools. and at least to have the opportunity of securing a useful education.
It has occurred to me that if so-called normal children are requir)d to do this, how much more necessary and important it is that children afflicted with Qrenatal or early deafness should be required to attend school for a sufficient period.of time to, at least partially, mitigate the tremendous handicap and disadvantages that otherwise they would suffer from the affliction.
I realize that this would create some problems, and that there exists some difference between the child who is simply required to attend chool while living at home

with the family and the child who must be removed to a boarding school away from the family and the loved ones. Yet I think that even the love of the family should not be allowed to condemn an unfortullSlte child to a blackout life.
I know that objections to the expense would be raised, but even if we consider it from the standpoint of economic values, the State would be well repaid by the conversion of the prospectively wasted lives into useful and happy ones.
ow that this school has become a part of the public scbool system of the State, this 100 year milestone might well be converted into the commencement of plans for the compulsory education of the deaf children of Georgia. Socially, economically and in terms of human happiness compulsory attendance would new be no greater step than wa the first step taken 100 years ago at this place looking toward the opportunity for an education.

Centennial Minister
DR. WALLACE ROGERS

Commencement Minister

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DR. L. O. GRANT

Ministers Who Visit Our School at Regular Intervals

DR. J. W. GARDNER
Dr. J. W. Gardner is sent out by the Southern Baptist Home Mission Board as a missionary to the deaf. His close contact with the many schools for the deaf enables him to be of great ervice in the enrichment of the reUgious life of the boys and girls. Hi incere per onality, his gentle dignity and his con ecrated life bring him the affection and respect of all.

THE REVEREND ROBERT C. FLETCHER
The Reverend Robert C. Fletcher regularly visits and holds services in the state schools for the deaf in nine states. His influence in directing the spiritual lives of tho e with whom he come in contact can not be overestimated. Being deaf him elf ince early childhood and having acquired a finished education, despite his physical handicap, he stands an inspirational example of the value of an education to a deaf per on, and of a determination o reach the top.

BAPTIST CHURCH

METHODIST CHURCH

OUf Campus Beautiful
As nearlv as possible the mmpus of our school has been preserved in its natural beauty. Everywhere around the campus ancient trees tower pro tee tingly and form a dense barrier of green leaves against the summer sun.
To many these trees form a sacred shrine and their awe-inspiring majesty falls like a benediction upon the walls, which have sheltered us so long and for which we have so deep and abiding affection.
In the words of Harriet Connor Stevens, "There is nothing that draws us into a more intimate touch with God and Nature than the awe-inspiring majesty of a tree. The strength of the gigantic oak, the dainty airiness of the willow, the sturdy dignity of the elm, and the perpetual freshness of the pine all bear into our innermost souls the ideals of beauty and everlasting life."
The tower of the boys' dormitory throws its bulk against the sky as a quaint reminder of the happy days gone by and the happy days yet to come.
For many years the departing classes have planted on our campus a sturdy tree as a living memorial of good fellowship and loyalty. We hope that our Alma Mater may grow in power and fame as these trees reach upward; her loyal students be as numerous as the leaves on the trees; her teachings as firmly rooted in the truth as the trees in the soil, and her ideals be as lofty as thE: branches that lift themselves toward the blue sky.
Surely there will never be another place, half as lovely, half as dear as Uur Campus Beautiful we leave behind us at Commencement time of the year.
Here's to Our Campus Beautiful and each loved spot 1 hat tonOly pleads, .t'orget Me lot."

A Short History from the Life of the Georgia School for the Deaf

LOG CABIN 1846

In attempting to cover one hundred years of the history of the Georgia School for the Deaf I have found it quite difficult to present the facts in a connected and interesting manner. Perhaps some facts have been over-emphasized while others of as much or more importance have received little attention. The main sources of information concerning the establishment and early years of the school were personal writings of Mr. W. O. Connor, annual reports made by him to the various governors of Georgia during his forty-nine years as superintendent of the school and from old files of the School Helper from the time of its first appearance in 1899 until the present time. Much interesting and valuable data was obtained from "A Historv of the Georgia School for the Deaf" by Miss Esther Cathy.
From the early 1900's until the present the events recorded have been written from my own personal knowledge since they happened in "my time."
I feel sure that you will agree that one hundred years is a long, long time and that it is impossible in a short article to more than touch on a few of the high lights of the history of our school during those years. I have attempted to picture the growth of the school from all angles and I hope you will enjoy reading it as much as I have enjoyed writing it.
-Nell A. Gibbons
This year we are celebrating the one hundredth
anniver ary of the establishment of the Georgia School
for the Deaf in Cave Spring. Actually the first know-
ledge we have of any interest hown in the deaf of the
tate or thought for their education comes from an old
record which tell of John J. Flournoy, a young deaf
man from Jackson County, who appeared in 1 33 before
the State Legi lature "praying the establishment of a
suitable institution for the deaf and dumb." Thus were

sown the first seeds for the education of the deaf who, up to that time, had been considered imbeciles or at lea t hopelessly incapable of receiving an education.
A committee from the Legi lature on December 20, 1833 ubmitted a resolution referring the problem to Governor Wilson Lumpkin. H(' was asked to obtain the necessary information to a full investigation of the subject by the ensuing General As embly. Governor Lumpkin wrote to the governors of other states to learn of their experience in dealing with the problem of educating the deaf. He received much valuable information and became vitally interested in the welfare of the deaf vf the state. He recommended the subject as deserving the consideration of the Legislature.
Acting upon the recommendation of the Senate Committee on public education, the General Assembly felt that the number of deaf in Georgia at that time was too small to justify the e tablishment of a separate state institution; however, they did appropriate the urn of $3,000 to be used to end any deaf students between the ages of ten and thirty who wished to attend sch:lOl to the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford. Connecticut for a term of four years.
Perhaps the greatest factor which influenced the Legislature of 1834 to make this appropriation of $3,000 was a visit to the General Assembly at Milledgeville by Mr. Lewis Weld of the American Asylum for the Deaf who came from Hartford, Connecticut with a class of pupils from the chool and gave a demonstration for the purpose of arou ing interest in the education of the deaf rather than to solicit pupils for his schvol. That he made a favorable impre sion on the committee is evidenced by the fact that the above mentioned appropriation was made. Very few of the d~af ill the state availed themselves of the opportunity presenterl by this provision of the Legislature. It is supposed that th"e distance wa too great and the means of transportation at that time were inadequate. Parents knew little of this far-

FANNIN HALL

distant, cold location and found it difficult to send their handicapped children so far away from home for so great a length of time.

The Act making the above provision, also empowered the Governor of the state to appoint some suitable person to collect and accompany the deaf students to Hartford. This office was filled successively by the Rev. E. E. St. Clair, Rev. S. G. Hillyer, and Rev. Jesse H. Campbell; to the latter gentleman the deaf people of Georgia are perhaps indebted to a greater extent than to any other person for the location and endowment of an institution for their education. His first step was to procure an amendment to the original Act whereby deaf students could be educated within the state, as well as at Hartford. This amendment was passed and immediately Mr. Campbell opened correspondence with the heads of several institutions of learning, among them the Trustees of the Hearn Manual Labor School, located at Cave Spring. The result was: that arrangements were effected With this school for a department for the instruction of the deaf. This arrangement having been made, Mr. O. P. Fannin, a teacher in the Hearn School, was sent to Hartford to learn the method of teaching the deaf and bring back to Georgia those pupils who were attending school there and enter them as pupils in the "Deaf-mute department of the Hearn School."

The department was "placed under the supervision of Mr. Fannin and was opened on May 15, 1846 in a log cabin which stood on the campus of the Hearn School with four pupils in attendance. These pupils were Thomas Mimms, Martin McDuffee, Temperence L. Jordan, and Elmira Pugh. During the first years of the school the pupils were boarded in private homes in the village of Cave Spring.

In the meantime an assistant teacher, Mr. J. B.

Edwards, was appointed. Mr. Edwards, him elf a deaf

man, was educated at Hartford. The number of pupils

had increased from four to twelve by the close of the

school term in 1847.

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As a second step towar'cl the establi. hment of an institution in Georgia a bilI passed the Legislature in 1847 locating the "Georgia Asylum for the Deaf and

Dumb" in Cave Spring and endowing it by continuing the annual appropriation for school purposes, with an additional appropriation for building purposes. At the ame time a Board af five Commissioners was created under whose supervisory control the institution was placed. These five Commissioners were Dr. George D. Phillips, Dr. L. B. Mercer, Dr. I. . Culbertson, S. J. Johnson, and O.P. Fannin. Dr. Culbertson was elected president of the Board and Mr. Johnson was the secretary and treasurer.
The first act of the Board was to elect Mr. O. P. Fannin as principal instructor and Mr. J. B. Edwards as his assistant. The next thing that engaged the attention of the Board was the selection of a suitable site for the erection of such building as would be required for thu chool. This they did in the purchase of a lot of approx~ imately eight acres located in the eastern part of the village.
A plan for a building was projected which, at that time, was thought to be adequate for all pupils who would apply for admission. Thi building was of brick, two stories high seventy feet long by forty feet wide and was ready for occupancy in JulY,1849. The 29th of June and the Sabbath following were set aside for the dedication f this building and the Hon. A. R. Wright of Rome delivered the dedication address on the 29th and "the Rev. . G. Foster the dedication sermon on the following day.
On the first day of July, 1849 the Institution began It. first legitimate operation as the tenth institution of its kind in the United State. Thus, after fifteen years of appeal, investigations, experiment, legislation, and struggles, the small eeds, planted way back in 1833 when a young deaf man made his first appeal for an education, came to fruition and at long last the deaf boys and girls of Georgia were given an equal opportunity with their hearing brothers and si tel's of attending school-a school of their own.
It oon became apparent that the building recently erected was inadequate to care for the number of pupils who wished to attend. chool 0 in 1RGO an ell leading in an easterly direction was added and in I G(j - ',,7 a south extension was made. There was also constructed

BOYS' DORMITORY

in thi. year a building for the use of the mechanical department in order that the pupils might be taught some trade that would enable them to be elf- upporting upon leaving school.
From the time cf the opening of the Institution ;I'! 1848 until March, 1862 there was no break in the operation of the school. Then on account of the Wal' Between the States, two of the best teachers having enlisted in the onfederate Army, the Trustee deemed it \vise to close the doors of the chool for an indefinite period. During the entire war, although Cave Spring was at variou~ times in the hands first of one Army and then the other, the school property escaped without material damage. Ev~rything removable. as furniture mattresses, bedding, and tableware were made way with but much of the chool equipment remained intact.
It is an interesting fact that the building was used .as a hospital during the war and many wounded soldiers were cared for within its walls.
At a session of the Legislature in 1866 an appropriation was made for the re-opening of the school under a Board of Tru tees. The school resumed operations in Febl'uary, 1867, and from that time to the present, it has continued without interruption. From time to time as necessity arose and enrollment increased buildings were added. The original building, now called Fannin Hall. was enlarged and a third story added for dormitory accommodations. In the year 1882, there being a surplus of funds left in the trea ury, an apartment was built on the north end of Fannin Hall for a residence for the principal and his family. Of this addition Mr. Connor writes, "The addition adds much to the appearance of the premise , and certainly a great deal of comfort and convenience to thi officer and his family."
A special appropriation was made for the erection of a school building which was completed in 18 . It was con idered a hand orne and commodious building and well adapted to the uses for which it was designed.
In 1890 a steam laundry and heating plant were added and improvements made in the water system. In 1894 the dilapidated old shop building was torn down and a new and modern 'hop building erected. Up until this time the boys had received instruction in shoemaking

and printing and the girls in "sewing and cutting and fitting garments." In the report of the year 1875 it i stated in regard to the hoemaking trade, "The work of the advanced pupils i fully equal to any to be found in the state. As an evidence of the proficiency reached in this department, we will state that our shces and boots are furnished to parties in Atlanta, Savannah, and Rome, f;eorgia, Tall- dega and Selma, Ala., Pensacola, Fla. and 'lther3 at a distance." It might be stated here that the shoe shop made all the shoes for the pupils of the school and some of the teachers. Mr. Conn::r had the most of his own shoes made in the hop and considered them superior to any he was able to buy. In the report of the year 1876 the following statement was made, "The printing office is an acquisition of no small importance to the education of the deaf. The art of type-setting \vill insure a competent livelihood tc those who becom"e experts in this mechanical art." This statement remains true today. Many of our former students are following this trade and making a success of it. With the erection of a more modern and better equipped hop building the boy b~gan receiving in truction in w~ odworking, blacksmithing, woodcarving, and painting.
In 1906 a new dormitory for the boys was erected. Thus a long felt need for room was met and the space in Fannin Hall which had been used to hou~e the boy.; could now be turned to ether pre sing needs. A new dining hall was built in 1907. So it was that at last the state of Georgia was caring more adequately for the wants of th; s-hool. And yet the enrollment wa increasing at such a pace that it was not many years before it was necessary to ask for more and better building.
Back in 1859, according to the principal's report. one of the urgent needs of the school was for "ho pital rooms for the care and comfort of the sick and the protection of the well." In almo t every annual report to the Governor and the Legislature from that time through the years appeals were repeatedly made by the principal. the board members, the vi iting committees, and school physicians but not until 1931 were the e appeals heeded and an adequate hospital building erected.
Tn 193';" the bigge t physical expansion program ever ventured in the history of the school got underway

VOCATIONAL BUILDING

when a $402,000 P. W. A. and a $200,000 W. P. A. re-
:lai:' building program were passed in Washington. At
this time several new buildings were added, among them
a girls' dormitory, the primary unit, and a new dormitory and school building for the egro pupils. As far as phy~i('al a ~ets are concerned this put the school in position to adequately care for a much larger proportion of the deaf children of the state than ever before.
Thu it may be seen how much the school has expanded in the hundred years of it life. From one building in 1849 the campus now boasts a dozen or more beautiful and well-equipped buildings.
It is a remarkable fact that this school in the hundred years of its existence has had but six superintendent. r.amely, Mr. O. P. Fannin who served from 184'7 to 1 58, Mr. S. F. Dunlap from 1858 to 1860, Mr. William D. Cook from 1860 to 1862, Mr. W. O. Connor from 1 67 to 1916, Mr. J. C. Harris from 1916 to 1937, and Mr. C. H. Hollingsworth, our present uperintendent, who ha bn in office since 1937. From these figures it is readily een that four of these gentlemen have guided the school through ninety-six years since two of them were superintendent only two years each. Many schools over the country have changed administration six times in the span of a few years so we feel that our school has been especially fortunate in this respect.
lJur'ng Mr. Fannin's administration he saw the first oig building completed, repaired, and enlarged; he was principal instructor of an average annual enrollment of thirty-five pupils; he began the training of other teachers in the "sign language"; he wrote a grammar textbook adapted to the wants of the deaf; and he kept the institution free from debt. To him credit is due for these many accomplishments. At the meeting of the first Board of Commissioners Mr. J. B. Edwards was elected as istant teacher. He and Mr. Fannin were the only teachers employed until 1857 when Mr. W. O. Connor, who had had a year's training under Mr. Fannin was added to the taff and in 185 Mr. James Scott Davis was elected. All who served on the teaching taff during the eleven year of Mr. Fannin's administration were, Mr. Jo eph B. Edwards, Mr. Jo eph B. Johnson, Dr. William

Abram Love, Mr. Wesley O. Connor, and Mr. James Scott Davis.
Mr. Fannin was succeeded by Mr. Samuel F. Dunlap of Indiana who began his work as superintendent in September, 1858 and served until 1860. During his term only one teacher, Miss Eugenia Sparks, was added to the force.
Mr. William D. ook, who for sixteen years had i!rved as principal of the orth Carolina Institution for the Education of the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, came highly recommended to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Dunlap. His daughter, Miss Harriet L. Cook, was elected as a new teacher. In 1862 two of the school's best teachers, Mr. W. O. Connor and Mr. J. S. Davis, resigned to enter the service of the Confederate Army. Since the school could not well carryon with a shortage of teachers and "on account of the turbulent and exciting times incident to the war" the school was closed in March, 1862. Thus ended Mr. Cook's brief administration before he had had the time to realize whatever plans he might have had for reorganization and progress.
At the first meeting of the Legislature at the close of the war plans were made for the reopening of the School for the Deaf. They made the necessary appropriation and named a Board of nine Trustees. It was th,) duty of this board to find a suitable man to serve as the new ::;uperintendent. They naturally turned to one who had nct only served the school well as a teacher but had made a brilliant record as a soldier in the Confederate Army, Mr. Wesley O. Connor. At the conclusion of the war Mr. Connor had returned to his farm in Alabama and according to report "he was literally taken from behind the plow handles and placed at the head of the !n titution."
During Mr. Connor's administration the school underwent many changes and saw many improvements; the enrollment increa ed, new buildings were added, old building repaired, extended, and improved, the campus beautified by the planting of trees and shrubbery, a neat iron fence enclosed the campu , a water rystem installed in all the builJings, electric lights installed, as well as a heating plant- 0 many cbang s in fact

FREEMAN HALL

that anyone visiting the school toward the close of Mr. Connor's administration would scarcely have recog'l1izeu it as the place he took over in 1867.
It was during Mr. Connor's administration that the author of this article was elected to teach in the Georgia School for the Deaf, coming from her home in Fulton, Missouri in September, 1904. At that time there were eight teachers in the academic department. They were Miss Della Harris (now Mrs. Garrett) of Cedartown, Georgia, Miss Annie McD. Ervin of Morganton, N. C., Miss Josephine Warren of Kentucky (now Mrs. R. A. Asbury), Mr. C. W. Wright, Mr. S. M. Freeman, Mr. R. A. Asbury, all of Cave Spring, Mr. A. C. Manning of Georgia and Miss Nell Adams (Mrs. W.S. Gibbons).
In 1896 Mr. Connor was honored by being elected president of the American Convention of Instructors of the Deaf which is always considered a high distinction. Only the most outstanding superintendents in the profession are so honored.
All visitors to the school during Mr. Connor's regime were impressed by the splendid condition of the school and by the genial, kindly personality of the superinten-
dent. Mr. Connor retired from active service in ]!H r.. He
had finished his task with honor and cl'edit and had endeared himself to thousands of friends both among the deaf and the hearing people of the state. Upon his retirement he was elected Principal Emeritus and Field Agent for the school. He died at his home in Cave Spring in 1920.
Mr. Connor was succeeded as superintendent by Mr. James Coffee Harris who was a famed Georgia educator in the public school field having been principal of schooln in Marietta, Cedartown, and Rome. He severed his connection as principal of the city school of Rome which he had served for twenty-five years to accept the supel'intendency of the Georgia School for the Deaf. Having been a member of the Board of Trustees of the school

for many years and having taken special intere:;:,t in the educational department, Mr. Harris came peculiarly fitted for the important task of heading a state school for the deaf. During Mr. Harris' administration the school made great strides in the oral method of instruction and a number of excellent and experienced teachers from various states were attracted to Georgia. Salaries were made comparable with other schools in the country and the Georgia School enjoyed a period of pleasant prosperity. Only one building was added to the campus dur, ing the twenty-oRc years Mr. Harris was superintendent but he was alert to the crowded conditions of the dormitories and the building needs and literally begged fo;appropriation to relieve the existing condition". Many changes and improvements were introduced during his term of leadership some of which were, the installation of playground equipment, introduction of military training, equipping the shoe shop for repair work rather than shoemaking, a new emphasis on teacher training classes, and more emphatic application of speech and speech reading as the most approved method of instruction.
Mr. Harris resigned in 1935 but his loyalty to the school and deep personal interest in the welfare of stuaents and teachers were evidenced in many ways until the time of his death in 1940.
Our pre ent superintendent, Mr. Clayton H. Hollingsworth, was elected to succeed Mr. Harris. He also came to the work of the deaf from the field of public school work. After spending a year in studying at Gallaudet College, Mr. Hollingsworth a sumed hi responsibilities as superintendent in July, 1937. He is a native Georgian, his former home having been near Sylvania in Screven County where his family held extensive farming interests. In his early career Mr. Hollingsworth came to Cave Spring as superintendent of the public school. Here he met his future wife, Miss Hazel Wright, a great neice of Mr. W. O. Connor and the daughter of Mr. C. W. Wright, a

HOSPITAL

teacher in ~he Ge:>rgia School for many year, . They were man-ied in 1920 and made their home in South Georgia until Mr. Hollingsworth was elected superintendent of this school. It is especially fitting that onc whose life had been so closely intertwined with the school and the traditluns connected with it should return to her native town as the wife cf the superintendent of the Georgia School for the Deaf and take her place as official host-
ess for the school. When Mr. Hollingsworth took charge of the school,
some of the buildings were in a deplorable l'ondition and Fannin Hall had been condemned as a fire haz~ld. His first work therefore was to undertake an extensive building program which took two years to execute. The following improvements were made and buildings added: (a) an entirely new primary unit fully equipped to care for the every need of 120 pupils. It is a huge building and is located on a plateau overlooking the older part of the campus; (b) complete remodeling and renovation of Fannin Hall with office space for the superi .tendem, steward, and vocational principal; (c) a completely new dormitory for girls. This is a beautiful brick ;;b'ucture, modern in every respect and built to accommodate eightyeight gills. (d) Conversion of the former boys' dormitory into a school building. This building contains ten large, attractive clas rooms, a small auditorium, and a laboratory, besides large rooms for hobby clubs ~nd extra-cun-icular activities. (e) Conversion of the school building, erected in 18 5, into a boys' dormitory. This building, which was at first believed to be entirely adequate for all academic classes, proved quite a disappointment because the rooms were too large and too poorly lighted. Then, too, the enrollment had more than doubled since the time this building was erected so that there now were not sufficient cIa "rooms fOl' the number of teachers employed. Hence it was abandoned for the purpose for which it was built and while it is by no means suitable for a dormitory, it has been thoroughly renovated and made a' comfortable as possible for hou.sing the boy~ until the time when funds are available to build a new uo::mitory for them. (f) A completely new school building and

dormitory for the colored deaf children. These buildings were erected on the farm property of the school about a mile from town and the colored pupils are better cared for than at any time previously.
We have attempted to show the growth and progress of the school from every angle thr,ough the one J:undred years since its establishment. We have seen the attendance grow from four pupils at first to a dozen, then to twenty-five and fifty. At present there are 283 pupils enrolled, 217 in the white department and 66 in the colored. We have seen the number of teachers in the white department increased from two in the carly year;; to twenty-two at present in the academic department, and from one vocational teacher at first to ten at present. Six academic and one vocational teacher are employed in the colored department at the present time. We have seen the vocational department enlarged from one trade, that of shoemaking, in the beginning to ten trade;; now taught: printing, vocational agriculture, carpentry, shoe repair, machine shop, arts and crafts, beauty culture, sewing, barbering and pressing. We have seen the number of buildings grow from the one original building in 1848 to many beautiful and modern buildings which now grace our campus. We have seen the academic department grow and expand beyond the fondest hopes of the founders of the school. In the early reports we find the only subjects taught were simple language lessons and arithmetic. Early educators of the deaf felt this was all the deaf children were capable of understanding. At present cur pupils are receiving instruction on a high school level, the same textbooks that are used all over the state by the public schools are used in our classrooms. The curriculum at present consists of language, composition, arithmetic, health, geography, history stories, and elementary science in the intermediate department and literature, language, composition, history, geography, current events, civic , general science, arithmetic, and algebra in the advanced department. The intermediate department cover' third grade through sixth and in the advanced department the work covers seventh grade through tenth. We have seen our school's interests guided

GIRLS' DORMITORY

by a Board of Commissioners, then by a Board of Trustees and finally by the State Department of Public Welfare where we were placed in the same category as the school for the mentally deficient, schools for correction, and other eleemosynary institutions. Due to Mr. Hollingsworth's hard work and persuasion we were at long last recognized as an educational institution and in 1942 were transferred to the State Department of Education where we rightly belong. The Georgia School was the first school for the deaf in the United States to be recognized as an accredited public high school although several other states have followed the trend and are now accredited.
The Georgia School was also the first school for the deaf in the country to receive federal assistance in vocational work under the Smith-Hughes and George-Dean Acts, the first school to become a participating member of the State High School Association, the first to have a chartered F.F.A. Chapter of deaf boys in the world. We have seen the number of years the students are allowed to attend school increased from four years to six years and now the allotted time is twelve years. In certain cases if a student feels the need of further work, he is allowed to return for an extra year.
And now in conclusion we feel that it will not be amiss to briefly review the roll of some of the men and women who have given the best years of their lives to the education of the deaf in Georgia and who have so richly blessed the school by their labor and their love. It was they who steered it through the hard years and the trying times and brought the school to its present prosperous condition.
First among these illustrious workers would appear the name of Mr. Wesley O. Connor whose years of striving, sympathetic interest in the deaf and friendliness stand as a memorial to his untiring efforts toward the deaf of Georgia. His wife, Mrs. Editha Simmons Connor, was a teacher in the school from young womanhood until shortly before her death a few years before Mr. Connor's retirement. Since there was no provision made for an oral teacher, Mrs. Connor taught a large class in this work and developed many outstanding Iipreader. Thi work she did for the love of the pupil and the interest she felt in their welfare for she received no

remuneration for this extra work. Their daughter, Mrs. Harriet Connor Stevens, took
up her mother's work and carried on until her retirement in 1937. Mrs. Stevens had been associated with the deaf all her life and was deeply intere ted in everything that c::ncerned the school and students. Her daughter, Miss Jessie Stevens, (now Mrs. Mead Wood) has carried on the tradition of the family and is the third generation to serve the deaf. She taught for a numuer of year in the Georgia School and is now a member ef the faculty of the Alabama School for the Deaf.
Mr. Cennor W. Wright, a nephew of M:. W. O. Connor and the father of Mr . C. H. Hollingsworth, was II member of the faculty of this school for more than forty years ~nd gave freely of his time to better the condition of his pupils.
Mr. Samuel M. Freeman, who came to th~ Georgia School for the Deaf a a young man just out of college and remained as a teacher for many years. In 1938 the school building was dedicated to the memory of this gooa man who labored so faithfully a a teacher and upon his retirement served as a minister to the deaf in Georgia and made frequent visits to the school. The Alumni unveiled a marble tablet at an appropriate ceremony and the building was officially named "Freeman HaIL"
"Old-timers" will recall Mr. Henry Morri , a beloved friend and in tructor of the deaf, who gave years of service to the school in the capacity of shoemaker. Hi daughter, Mrs. MyTtle Moni Kes ler, is now a teacher in the Tennessee School for the Deaf.
Reminiscences of those who have given the best yeaTS of their lives to the ervices of the deaf children of Georgia would be incomplete without the name of Mi " Robena Summers, fondly known to her friends and associates as "Miss Bean." In her capacity as assistant matron and nurse her duties were many and varied. Back in "the good old days" it would have been difficult to have envisioned the G.S.D. without eeing "Miss Bean" mini tering to the ailments and entering into the pleasures of everyone on the place.
Many friends will recall Mr. E. T. Penny who for so many years was our expert machine shop instructor. Mr. Penny was thoroughly familiar with the lighting and

PRIMARY BUILDING

plumbing systems and held a very responsible position On and later became uperintendent of the Western Penn-

the staff.

sylvania School in Pittsburgh.

Mrs. M. L. Bond, who for twenty-five years was

Miss Pauline Camp, a Georgia woman, a graduate

matron of the school.

of the Clarke School, who taught at the Georgia School

Mrs. ell Gibbons, who has given more than forty in the early 1900's. She 1'0 e high in the profession,

year of service in the capacity of teacher and upervis- having served many years in the field of Special Educa-

ing teacher. Mr . Gibbons was retired in 1947. She is tion in the state of Wisconsin. She is credited with being

among three members of the faculty who have taught responsible more than any other person for the state of

under three uperintendents, Mr. Connor, Mr. Han'i., Wiscon in's leading the nation in early laws governing

and Mr. Hollingsworth.

the education of the handicapped in that state.

Miss A. May Clark is another teacher who has been

Mi s Lavilla Ward, a Georgia woman, who for many

connected with the school under three administrations. years has been supervisor of all day schools for the deaf

She came to the Georgia School from the public school in the state of Wisconsin.

in Rome in 1903 and has the enviable record of having

Miss Vivian Tilly, a Georgia woman, who has risen to

given forty-five years of continuous service.

the top of the profession and i at present supervising

Miss Annie McDaniel, one of our vocational teachers, teacher of primary grades at the Clarke School, North-

received her education at the G. S. D. Upon completing ampton, Mass.

chool she returned as assistant eamstress. For many

Miss ettie McDanilll, a Georgia woman, who has

year he has had chal'ge of the sewing room and is been an outstanding figure in the education of the deaf.

till rendering loving and efficient ervice to the After serving a assistant principal at the Georgia School

chool. She has also served under three superintendents. from 1907 to 1926 she left to take charge of the Beverly

We would also mention Mrs. Leila Barnett who was retired from aE:tive service in 1947. Mrs. Barnett was connected with the school for many years and in many capacities. During her latter year she was diningroom

School for the Deaf in Beverly, Mass. It was under her leadership that oralism was firmly established in this school. Many deaf people of Georgia owe their ability to adjust themselves in a hearing world to her emphasis on

matron and the fame of the food served at the Georgia oralism.

School was spread abroad.

Mi s Kate Alcorn who followed Miss McDaniel as a i tant principal, continued the oral policy and intro-

Another person worthy of recognition as having duced new methods.

given many years of service is Mrs. Ruby D. Perry, who

Mr. L. R. Divine, who wa superintendent of the

now holds the po ition of housemother and hostes~ in Louisiana School after leaving Georgia.

the boy' dormitory. Mrs. Perry ha er.etl in many

Mr. Stahl Butler, who for a number of years was

capacities and ha won a warm place in the hearts of . uperintendent of the egro School for the Deaf in

"her boys" as well as other as ociates.

Hampton, Virginia and more recently wa principal of

It has been said that the Georgia School for the the Michigan School.

Deaf ha ent out more superintendents, principals, and

Mr. John A. Gough, who left Georgia to accept the

supervising teacher than any other school of its size in po ition a principal at the Mi ouri School for the Deaf

the nited States. Whether or not this is a just claim we and later was elected superintendent of the Oklahoma

do not know, but as we think over those who have held School.

or are still holding places of re ponsibility, it might well

Mr. Roy G. Park, who followed Mr. Gough as

be tru . L t u. glanc over the Ii!;t. All10ng them we principal, coming to u from th alifomia School

would l' call:

where he had taught for sevel'al year following his

Mr. A. C. Manning, a Georgia man, who after leaving graduation from Gallaudet College. Mr. Parks was con-

Georgia taught in the Mount Airy School in Philadelphia nected with rehabilitation work among the blind after

NEW SCHOOL UNIT FOR COLORED DEAF

he left the Georgia School and i3 at pre ent academic

principal of the Missis ippi School.

Mr. Robert Baughman, who went from Georgia to

Oregon as principal and who did outstanding work with

deafened soldiers following World War II.

Mr. John L. Caple, who left Georgia to become

superintendent of the Arkansas School and who has now

returned to Georgia as principal.

Miss Elizabeth Daniel, now retired, who was sup-

ervising teacher in this school for a number of year

and held a similar po ition in the Beverly School after

leaving Georgia.

Mrs. Jennie Ward Will , now head of the day school

in Miami, Florida.

Miss Ruth Orenbaum, head of the Pilot Day School,

Dallas, Texas.

Mis Edith Fitzgerald, now deceased, who gave to the

deaf profession 'Straight Language," one of the most

helpful systems of teaching language to the deaf ever

devised.

-

Mi s Hattie Harrell, who for several years headed

the John Tracy Clinic in Los Angele , California, ana

at present is a member of the faculty of the Clarke

School, Northampton, Mas3.

Miss Inis B. Hall, who devoted many years of

service to the deaf-blind children at Perkins In titute,

Boston.

Mis Sadie Stovall, now assistant pl"incipal of the

Beverly School.

Mrs. Virginia Davenport, who was supervlsmg

teacher in the Oklahoma School and at present is a mem--

bel' of the faculty of the Clarke School, Nolthampton.

Miss Juliet McDermott, now serving as supervising

teacher in the Minnesota School.

Miss Katharine Ca ey, a Georgia woman, and a

graduate of the Clarke School, orthampton, who left

Georgia to become upervi ing teacher in the Arkan as

School. he later accept!!d a similar position in the Mis -

issippi School and has now returned to thi chool in

the ame capacity.

The pre ent supervising teacher of our primary

department, l\Irs. Marie Sewell Kennard, a Georgia

woman, born and reared in ave Spring, is a graduate of

the Clarke School at orthampton. where he was a

member of the faculty for two years. She has beell with

this chool since 1920 and has filled the po itior. of

supervising teacher sincc 1932. It fell to Mrs. Kennard

to take up where Miss ettie McDaniel and Mi Kate

Alcorn left off in the continued promotion of oral

emphasis. This he has don~ in a most efficient manner. Mrs. Kennard collaborated with Mi s Edith Fitzgerald in writing Straight Language Discusses Arithmetic, Suggestion for Mental Development, and The Course of
tudy for Primary Grades. The e books are widely used in the profession and have brought credit and recognition to Ir. Kennard and the Georgia School.
Mr. Olaf Tollefson, a young deaf man from orth Dakota who came to us in 1937 immediately after his graduation from Gallaudet ollege. Mr. Tollefson has capably filled many positions in our chool and is at present printing instructor, editor of the School Helper, and upervising teacher cf the vocational department. Mr. Tollefson thoroughly under tands the deaf child and his needs and works faithfully and earnestly to make the Georgia
chool not only a good chool but a real home for the tudents.
Irs. Mary Pullen Turner, the present supervising teacher of the advanced department in our school, who wa born and reared in Cave Spring, came to us from public scheol work where she had gained enviable recognition in the state. She re igned a uperintendent of a large consolidated school in Temple, Georgia to enter the work for the deaf.
We would also mention everal members of our present staff of teachers who are still laboring untiringly for the best interests of the school
Mrs. Ruth Darnall Forbe , who came to the Georgia School after receiving training at the Clarke School. Mrs. Forbes has been connected with the school for thirty years.
Mr. J essie Forbes J one, a teacher for eighteen year.
Mr-. Pauline Nicholson Ca ey. who has been with U3 SEventcfn yzar .
_'Irs. :::dythe Dixon l'.Ior.tgomery, a member of our facultv for thirt-"n . -ars.
We would expre s deep gratitude to a host of friends who have erved the chool in various capacities through th years.
As these and many other friends have pa sed before us en th., stage of memory wc feel their pre ence all :.:bout us in this Centennial celebration. We feel sure that they are filled with joy at the remarkable progreSi: which has come lowly but surely with the passing years and that they would urge u to pre forward still more diligcntly in the future than we have in th pa t that the deaf boys and girls of our state may continue to receivt Ihe best that Georgia can offer them.

Men Who Have Served Our School as Board Members 1848 - 1948

Our school has been greatly blessed in the service of the members of its different boards. They labored unceasingly with skill and patience. The)' led the way, they supported the superintendents and they served with fidelity to principle and conscience. In their vision they saw the enlargement and greater accomplishments of the Georgia Schocl for the Deaf. The picture which they would have fain portrayed in its fullness and beauty is still unfinihed. We are reminded that to the boards that follow, to us and countless others in days to come, is left the cO:11pletion of their unfinished work, the fulfillment of the ideal they beheld as in a dream.

COMMISSIONERS 1848 - 1859

L. B. Mercer 1. N. Culbertson George D. Phillips S. J. Joh:Json, Esq. O. P. L<\H1nin Judge A. Darden Hon. J. H. Lumpkin John Baker, Esq. Rev. John W. Glenn Major J. Lake Major J. M. Gill T. J. Davis, Esq. M. H. Haynie, Esq. Hon. James Jackson Hon. James H. Trippe John F. Green Gordon

Flcyd Floyd Habersham Floyd Floyd Floyd Floyd Floyd Floyd Floyd Floyd Flo)':! Floyd Clark Cass Gordon

1848 - 1849 1848 - 1856 1848 - 1855 1848 - 1855 1848 - lR55 1848 - 1856 1849 - 1855 1855 - 1856 185;; - 1856 1855 - 1866 1855 - 1/'\66 1855 - l:::fJ6 1855 - 1856 1856 - 1866 1856 - 1866 1856 - 1866

BOARD OF TRUSTEES 1868 . 1931

Major J. Lake Major J. M. Gill Hon. James Jackson Hon. Turner H. Trippe John F. Green George W. Thomas A. J. King A. G. Pitner F. A. Glenn J. A. Green N. B. Green W. R. Webster Green Cunningham Dr. M. R. Ballenger Lazarus J. Jones Samuel A. Echols Dr. J. D. Thompson John H. Dent Sanford C. Trout John W. Turner Seaborn Jones Joseph S. Stewart Dr. Robert W. North W. E. AyeI' James M. Walker D. W. Simmons Felix Corput Joseph A. Blance William M. Mosley John T. Boiffeuillet James C. Harris J. W. Taylor T. J. Dempsey
illiam J. Griffin

Floyd Floyd Clark Cass Gordon Floyd .Floyd Floyd Floyd Floyd Cobb Fulton Floyd Floyd Fulton Fulton Floyd Floyd Floyd Floyd Polk
ewton Coweta Floyd Floyd Floyd Floyd Polk Floyd Bibb Floyd Meriwether Butts Floyd

1866 - 1868 1866 - 1868 1866 - 1868 1866 - 1868 1866 - 1868 1868 - 1877 1868 - 1877 1868 - 1877 1868 - 1877 1868 - 1877 1868 - 1877 1868 - 1875 1868 - 1877 1874 - 1877 1874 - 1877 1875 - 1877 1876 - 1877 1877 - 1892 1877 - 1990 1877 - 1892 1877 - 1888 1877 - 1896 1877 - 1893 1881 - 1888 1888 - 1892 1888 - 1923 1890 - 1902 1890 - 1902 1892 - 1899 1892 - 1902 1893 - 1916 1893 - 1913 1896 - 1910 1899 - 1931

P. M. Hawes J. H. Sanders B. M. Davis Dr. William Bradford H. C. Arnall Wilson M. Hardy W. T. Roberts W. F. Cruselle R. Douglas E. A. Heard B. H. Hardy C. J. Henderson, Jr. F. J. Coolidge Walter S. Cothran J. P. Duncan C. Carden Bunn

Albert, Polk Bibb Polk Coweta Floyd Douglas Fulton Bibb Floyd Barnesville Carroll Fulton Floyd Perry Polk

1902 - 1931 1902 - 1904 1902 - 1906 1904 - 1913 1906 - 1913 1909 - 1916 1910 - 1913 1912 - 1924 1916 - 1922 1930 - 1931 1930 - 1931 1930 - 1931 1930 - 1931 1928 - 1931 1930 - 1931 1930 - 1931

BOARD OF CONTROL 1931 - 1937

Hon. Richard B. Russell, Governor

Judge Shepherd Bryan

Atlanta

1932 - 1933

James L. Gillis

Soperton

1932 - 1933

J. A. Mandeville

Carrollton

1932 - 1933

M. H. Allen

Milledgeville 1932 - 1.933

Dr. H. W. Shaw

Augusta

1932 - 1933

J. E. D. Shipp

Americus

1932 - 1933

Judge A. C. Wheeler

Gainesville

1931 - 1933

Mrs. M. E. Judd

Dalton

1932 - 1937

E. T. McIntosh

Albany

193\2 - 1933

Arthur Lucas

Atlanta

1932 - 1933

Hon. Eugene Talmadge, Governor

Mrs. Boyce Ficklin. Secretary

E. E. Lindsey Mrs. William Healy W. B. Gibbs Dr. R. B. Gilbert W. L. McElmourry W. C. Pitner J. P. Swann C. E. Mincey J. C. Verner

Rome Atlanta Jessup Greenville Waynesboro Athens Cairo Warthen

1933 - 1937 1934 - 1937 1933 - 1937 1934 - 1937 1934 - 1937 1934 - 1937 1834 - 1937 1934 - 1937 1934 - 193';

BOARD OF PUBLIC WELFARE 1937 - 1943
Hon. E. D. Rivers, Governor
Lamar Murdaugh, Du:ector of Public Welfare 1938 - 1941 Dr. J. C. Welborn, Director of Institutions 1938 - 1941 J. Scott Davis, Chrm. Floyd County Board of Education
1938 - 1941 A. . Swain.. County School Superintendent 1938 - 1941

Hon. Eugene Talmadge, Governor
B. S. Miller, Director of Public Welfare 1941 - 1943 Mrs. Albert Hill, Division of Institutions 1941 - 1943 R. A. Montgomery, County School Supt. 1941 - 1943

STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

Hon. Elli Arnall, Governor, Chairman Hon. M. D. Collins, State Superintendent of Schools, Executive Secretary
Members by Appointment (By Concreuional Districts)

First - C. G. Arnett, Halcyondale Second - Mrs. A. B. Conger, Bainbridge Third - George Rees, Preston Fourth - John W. Woodall, Woodland Fifth - Mrs. William Healy, Vice Chairman, Atlant<\

Sixth - E. W. Jordan, Sandersville Seventh - H. A. Davison, Lafayette Eighth - Q. L. Garrett, Waycross Ninth - W. W. McCay, Eastonollee Tenth - Carey Williams, Greensboro

1943 - 1944 Hon. W. W. McCay, Chairman Hon. M. D. Collins, State Superintendent of Schools, Executive Secretary

First - W. C. Clary, Wayne boro Second - E. M. Vereen, Moultrie Third - W. T. Anderson, Leslie Fourth - W. W. Kirby, Newnan Fifth - Mrs. William Schley Howard, Decatur

Sixth - Jack Tarver, Macon Seventh - J. Roy McGinty, Calhoun Eighth - W. C. Parker, Waycross Ninth - W. W. McCay, Eastoonollee Tenth - Kay Tipton, Madison

1944 - 1945 Hon. W. W. McCay, Chairman Hon. M. D. Collins, State Superintendent of Schools, Executive Secretary

First - W. C. Clary, Waynesboro Second - E. M. Vereen, Moultrie Third - W. T. Anderson. Leslie Fourth - W. W. Kirby, ewnan Fifth - Mr . William Schley Howard, Decatur

Sixth - J. W. Overstreet, Macon Seventh - J. Roy McGinty, Calhaun Eighth - W. C. Parker, Waycross Ninth - W. W. McCay, Eastonollee Tenth - Kay Tipton, Madi on

1945-1946 Hon. W. W. McCay, Chairman Hon. M. D. Collins, State Superintendent of Schools, Executive Secretary

First - W. C. Clary, Waynesboro Second - E. M. Vereen, Moultrie Third - W. T. Anderson, Leslie Fourth - W. W. Kirby, ewnan Fifth - Mrs. Henry Troutman, Atlanta

Sixth - J. W. Overstreet. Wadley Seventh - J. Roy McGinty, Calhoun Eighth - W. C. Parker, Waycross
inth - W. W. McCay, Eastonollee Tenth - Kay Tipton, Madi on

1946 - 1947 Hon. W. W. McCay, Chairman Hon. M. D. Collins, State Superintendent of Schools, Executive Secretary

First - W. C. Clary, Waynesboro Second - E. M. Vereen, Moultrie Third - W. T. Anderson, Leslie Fourth - W. W. Kirby, Newnan Fifth - Mrs. Henry Troutman. Atlanta

Sixth - J. W. Overstreet, Wadley Seventh - J. Roy McGinty, Calhoun Eighth - W. C. Parker, Waycross
inth - W. W. McCay, Eastonollee Tenth - Kay Tipton, Madison

1947-1948 Hon. W. W. McCay, Chairman Hon. 1\1. D. Collins, State Superintendent of School, Executive Secretary

Fir t - W. C. Clary, Waynesboro Second - E. M. Vereen, Moultrie Third - W. T. Anderson. Leslie Fourth - W. W. Kirby, Newnan Fifth - Mrs. Henry Troutman. Atlanta

Sixth - J. W. Overstreet, Wadley Seventh - J. Roy McGinty, Calhoun Eighth - W. C. Parker, Waycross Ninth - W. W. McCay, Ea tonollee Tenth - Kay Tipton, Madison

or ~()~\tl)OF

TRUsrl:

THE

fs

GEORGIA SCHOOL

fOR THE

DEAf.

W.O.CONNOR
PRINCIPAL
BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1899

W.F.CRUSSELLE

. R.E.DQUGLAS

BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1916

Fifty Years Ago

CELEBRATION OF THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF
Cave Spring, Georgia
October 14, 1899
"The week of July 4th wa a gala one at the Georgia School for the Deaf, and the spacious grounds were ablaze with happy miles by day and electric lights by night.
The occa ion was the first reunion of pupils ince the founding of the school. Quite a number of old pupils, repre5enting different decades, recalled the days of "Auld Lang Syne." It was a goodly sight to see the faces that had grown older and the eyes that had dimmed, light up with happine5s and fla h with old time merriment as clas mates met and clasped hands. The ~'ounger one at in the wing undel' the ame old elms that _harled their parents when they were here in school, and wiftIy moving finger flaahed back and fcrth in merry conversation.
Amonn- the outside visitors, the Rev. Job Turner, of ,-,taunton, Virginia, was a prominent figure, being the cldes:t deaf mute vangelist in the world but who keeps thl' spirit cf youth and a physical vigor in pit~ of hi. eighty years; al50 ~rr. A. F. Wood of the Alabama School for the Deaf; .Jr. Andrews of the orth Carolina

School; Mr. Jehu Hoge of Rockmart; Mr. W. O. Connor, Jr., a teacher in the Iowa School for the Deaf; Mr. Hugh H. White, of Alabama, Principal of the Hearn School at Cave Spring, and various others.
Among the most notable of the old pupil was Mrs. Angeline Payne, who came into the school the second year of its e.i5tence, and was the only one here who attended school in the little log cabin where the few pupils were taught before the state made the appropriation for the present building; also Mr . Margaret M. Bruce, of Cook ville, Georgia, who entered school in 1851 and Mrs. Burks who came a few years after.
The happiest man in the whole lot was W. O. Connor, who became connected with the school more than forty years ago, and has known personally everyone of those preaent, most of them having been pupils of his when he wa regularly in the schoolroom work.
President Corput's Speech
On Wednesday, July 5th at 9 o'clock, the alumni of the school gathered ill the chapel. Mr. Connor expre sed his happines in having the Reverend Job Turner come so many miles to meet the pupils here, and told what a wonderful man he had been and is. Having fini5hed his own education, he taught the deaf for thirty years. He has been an evangelist now for a long time, and although nearing the la t decade of a hundred years, is active and strong and young in feeling, and has many friends

in many cc untries, as he has traveled all over the

It i c",ing to the thoughtful intere5t of your

world. Mr. Turner was called on to open the morning principal for the welfare and pleasure of the deaf

exercises with prayer, which he did in a very feeling that the pI' e!lt reunion has been brought about. The

manner.

Board of Truste2s would not have thought of it but

After prayer, Captain Felix COl'PUt, president of the Board of Trw;tees, was introduced and addressed the company in brief as follows:
"Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of the Faculty,

he came before them and aid it was right and proper for the pupils who have been educated here to meet again this, the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of the school.

and Pupils of the School-it ha become a custom in

Title are glad to have you come, and again, speak-

the various schcol and organizations to mark the mile ing for the Board of Trustees, I bid you welcome."

posts on the way by such meetings as we have on this

Mr. onnor announced that he had received a letter

occasion, and it becomes my duty to welcome you in from Mr. Booth, an aged deaf mute, who fifty years ago

the name of the Boaro of Trustees,

was brought with some other pupils

and express my pleasure in having

from the school at Hartford to show the

you here to renew social intercourse

Georgia Legislature what could be done

and recall your school life in a few

for the deaf. He had written asking him

days of reunited companionship.

to be here at this time, but he wrote

An effort to teach the deaf was made in Georgia as early as 1846. Six pupils were taught in a log cabin on the Hearn grounds at the expense of the state for three years, with O.P. Fannin as teacher, when an appropriation was made for a building and land was bought from the Hearn School on which to build it. This building wa

that he was too feeble on account of his age and though he would like to be here, he would be compelled to give up ,.hat plea ure.
The Rev. Job TUl'ner arose and said that he was in school with Mr. Booth at the time he came to Georgia and wished very much to be one of the pupils elected to be brought here at that time.

dedicated in 1849 and opene'd with tw~nty-two pupils. O. P. Fannin being chos::n 8S first principal and Isaac
. Culbertson fir5t president of the Board of Trustees. O.P. Fannin served until the fall of 1858.

Those Who Were Here
The foll:;wing Ii t of names, copied from the visitors' register of the school, included all former pupils who attended the reunion in July. Be ides these, there were numbers of people of Cave Spring

S. F. Dunlap of Illinois was second

and vicinity who came each day to meet

principal and served until April, 1860.

Mrs. Angeline Payne

and converse with those they had known

At this time the place was offered to your present as school children.

principal, who was then in camp, but declined because he had volunteered in the service of his country and considered it his first duty to serve it.
W. D. Cool<e of orth Carolina served until

The Rev. Job Turner, Staunton, Virginia H. V. Owens, Montgomery, Alabama Mrs. Willie Harris Owens, Montgomery, Alabama

March, 1862 when the school was closed. In February Abner H. Davis, Popes Ferry, Georgia

1867, it was re-opened with W. O. Connor as principal. Mrs. Mary N. Davis, Popes Ferry, Georgia

I have been associated with your present prin- H. S. Morris, Cave Spring, Geol'gia

cipal for forty years and I can truthfully say that in Mrs. Emma W. Morris, Cave Spring, Georgia

all that time he has never shirked a duty under any Geo. W. Walker, Lithonia, Georgia

circumstances. He has served the school with devotion John D. Burks, Cassville, Georgia

and faithfulneS5, even to the detriment of his own Mrs. Susan E. Burks, Cas ville, Georgia

busines and his own interest. With his earnest co- Mr. A.A. Payne, Cave Spring, Georgia

operation with the Board we have been able to improve Mrs. Margaret S. Bruce, Cooksville, Georgia

and build up the school, not as he would like to have it, Mrs. M. L. Hughston, Greenville, Georgia

and not as the Board wishes to have it, but a great Mrs. Gertrude F. Bowen, ave Spring, Georgia

improvement has been made a you can see. The mall Mrs. Ida C. Philips, Gad den, Alabama

school that opened fifty year ago with twenty-two Mrs. Emily L. Smith, Mauldings Mill, Georgia

pupil has grown to one hundred fourteen white pupils Mis M~ry E. Tony, nion Springs, Alabama

and forty colored. We have, through friends in the i\li s BCs:3ie D. Mark, onyers, Georgia

Legislature, beep able to build a large and hand orne i'i i Mary E. L:ng, Pendergrass, Georgia

school building, improve and enlarge the dormitory, 1i ;; Sallie H. Sloan, Atlanta, Georgia

build shops and other buildings, light them with elec- Miss Maggie Dodd, Atlanta, Georgia

tricity, heat them with steam, and install as fine a system of waterworks as can be found.

Mi s Carrie E. Terrell, College Park, Georgia Miss Maggie Magill, Atlanta, Geore-ia

Miss Myrtle Morris, Cave Spring, Georgia Miss Ella Groom, Atlanta, Georgia Miss Martha L. Davis, Popes Ferry, Georgia Mis Sallie J. Po ey, Cass Station, Georgia Miss Emma A. Jenning, Smithville, Georgia Mi s Mary J. Stokes, Cave Spring, Georgia Miss Annie M. Philips, Gadsden, Alabama Mis Mattie S. Rector, Cartersville, Georgia Miss Mattie Wilson, Powelsville, Georgia Mis Imogene Duggan, Mecca, Georgia John A. Hoge, Rockmart, Georgia John L. Ray, Glenn, Georgia
. B. Lathrop, Rome, Georgia D. S. Payne, Taylorsville, Georgia M. H. Holland, Grove Level, Georgia J. R. Jennings, Smithville, Georgia William R. Jone , Lithonia, Georgia Wm. H. Jones, Atlanta, Georgia James H. Shaw, Belair, Georgia John H. Bailey, ovington, Georgia L. A. Keys, Lithonia, Georgia O. M. Trimble, Atlanta, Georgia J. H. Perkins, Sharon, Georgia A.C. Rickey, Bold Spring, Georgia A. F. Stan ell, Cuthbert, Georgia Edward J. Malone, Atlanta, Georgia A. H. Se oms, Waycross, Georgia P. J. Sheridan, Macon, Georgia M. . Holland, Harmony Grove, Georgia S. O. Henry, Summerville, Georgia R. L. Garrett, Reeve Station, Georgia Claude J. Russell, Buford, Georgia R. H. Steele, Reeves Station, Georgia Robert F. Powers, Carrollton, Georgia John J. Kilroy, Jr., Savannah, Georgia Irby H. Marchman, Pitts, Georgia
. P. Sessions, Flovilla, Georgia Polk Brady, Tifton, Georgia W. H. hristian, College Park, Georgia T. H. Pearce, Cave Spring, Georgia John Walker, Lake Creek, Georgia A. J. C. Andrews, Atlanta, Georgia
We are orry that every ex-pupil living could not have been present at the reunion, for it was an occasion long to be remembered by everyone who was fortunate enough to be able to be pre ent."-The School Helper.

GEORGIA SCHOOL-W. O. CONNOR
From The Canadian Mute
When an individual has completed half a century of usefulness in any department of human endeavor he may be well pardoned if he indulges in a little selfgratulation, and he certainly has reached a good vantage ground from which to take a" 'retrospective survey of the past, to note the difficulties surmounted, to sum up the results accomplished and to glory in the triumphs achieved. And what is true of an individual in this regard is true also of an institution; hence the timeliness and unusual interest that attaches to the last report of the Georgia School for the Deaf, which has completed fifty years of noble service for the deaf.
The connection of Mr. W. 0 Connor, the present worthy principal, with the school .dates from 1857, when he became one of the staff of teachers. That he manifested rare adaption for the work, attained very marked success and completely won the confidence and e teem of the Commissioners was amply demon.;trated by the fact that in 1860, when he was but nineteen years old, he was offered the principalship, but he declined because he felt unwilling to assume such a weighty responsibility at his age and with but three years' experience. In 1861, at the outbreak of the war, Mr. Connor resigned his position as teacher and entered the army as a private soldier, in which position he acquitted himself with honor, ending his military career, however as a prisoner in the hands of Federal troops. In 1862, because of the war, the school was clo ed, but was re-opened in 1867. After his return from ervice, Mr. Connor entered upon agricultural pur uits with the intention of making that his life pursuit. The state wa not destined, however, to lose his services, and he was literally taken from between the plow-handles and placed at the head of the Institution, which position he has ever since continued to fill '\vith rare fidelity, zeal and efficiency; and during that long period the school has steadily progressed in numbers, usefulness and success. We congratulate Mr. Connor, on this memorable occasion, on the conspicuous success that has marked his career in his noble vocation. To few men is it given to continue for so long a period in useful public service, and few men are able for so long a time to retain the public confidence and respect; nor is thi regard and esteem confined to his own state. Mr. Connor is one of the most popular and respected educators of the deaf in the United States and has done much to promote the laudable esprit de corps that prevails in the profession and to establish on the soundest principles the exalted vocation and noble art of which he is one of the ablest and most successful exponents. That he may be spared for many more years of useful service
is our earnest hope, in which we are confident that we voice the sentiment of all the deaf on the continent.

Biographical Sketches of Superintendents
Through all the years the ideals of the superintendents have been an inspiration and a light to guide the way. Their optimism was contagious, their serene and dauntless spirit triumphed over many obstacles and their firm unwavering belief that what should be done could be done made them a continual inspiration. To them we give our devction in grateful pride and appreciation, as we review the pictures of faith, courage and sacrificial love that como to us from the fir3t day in the little log cabin that steod behind Hearn School one hundred years ago. These six men have guided our school through the years of a civil war, bloodshed r.nd recon truction and on through the years of challenge in a growing world, on through the whole world engaged in the most bloody struggle since the march of time began. on through a time when battleships covered every ocean. when airplanes darkened eery sky, when submarines lurked beneath the surface of every surging sea and when the peaceful p:lths of men were changed into rivers red with blood.
Their name are written indelibly in the records of the celebration of the Centennial of th'} Georgia School for the Deaf and have come to be a symbol for devoted service to the welfare of the deaf child.
O. P. FANNIN 1847--1858 Mr. O. P. Fannin, the founder of cur school ::.nd it principal from 1847 through 185 , was a Georg:an by birth and education and a gentleman of fine literary attainment. He gave up his po ition as assistant principal of Hearn School at Cave Spring when an arrr.ngement was effected with the trustees of that school by which a department fer the in truction of deaf children would be opened. He then went to the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Cor.necticut in order to learn the method of teachir.g the deaf. After a 'few month5' training, he returned to Hearn School and began his new work in a log cabin with enly four pupils. Here he labored until 1849 when he moved into the new building (later called Fannin Hall) on the new campus purchased by the Board of Commis :oner5 of the Georgia Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. Here he, with hi small corps of helpers, steered the school through its first eleven years, and to him much credit i due.
SAMUEL F. DUNLAP 1858--1860 Mr. Samuel F. Dunlap of Indiana succeeded Mr. Fannin and began his work as principal in September 185. During Mr. Dunlap's short administration the school enrollment increased and according to reports the school experienced prosperity in every other respect. Mr. W. O. Connor said of Mr. Dunlap "He was an able, conscientious and untiring worker, introducing in the short time in which he remained in charge, many innovation' in the ystem of management the beneficient eff ct of which have continued to the present day."

WILLIAM D. COOK 1860 1862
Mr. William D. Cook, who for sixteen years had served as principal of the North Carolina Institution for the Education of the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind was elected in 1860 to fill the principal's vacancy in the Georgia School. "On account of the turbulent and exciting times incident to the Civil War", and because two of the teacher " W. O. Connor and Ja>;, S. Davis had enli>;ted in the army, the trustees thought best to close the school in 1862. Thus ended Mr. Cook's short administraticn before he had time to complete any plans that he might have had fol' the advancement of the school.
W. O. CONNOR 18671916
At the age of fifteen and a half years Mr. Connor entered the Georgia School for the Deaf-January, 1857 -to learn the art of teaching and was given a pupil in less than two months. That pupil was W. B. Lathrop who died in Rome in 1914. In 1860, when Mr. Fannin left, Mr. Connor was offered the position of principal but since he wal> only nineteen years old and had only three years, experience. he would not accept the offer. In 1861, he resigned as teacher and enlisted in the service of the Confederate Government. A short time after this, the Board of Trustees appointed a committee to proceed to camp with as urance ifrom Governor Joseph E. Brown that he would intercede to have him honorably discharged so that he might return to the chool, provided Mr. Connor would consent to do so, His reply to the committee wa , "I appreciate your past and present kindnes , but I have cast my fortunes with the Confederate AnllY and I shall abide the result," and he did. In his cwn words, "When the Confederate flag went down in du t all covered with glory, at Appomattox Court House, I wa an inmate of a orthern prison."
Mr. Connor was connected with the Georgia School for ixty yzars and served as uperintendent for half a century, guiding its destinies thl'ough its beginnings in storm and stres . During his admini tration the school saw vast improvement along every line. His name is deeply graven upon the heart of those children of silence to whom he brollght light and hope and expression and who were impressed by his faithful teaching, his wise counsel and his unfailing patience and tenderness toward them.

JAMES COFFEE HARRIS 1916 - 1937
For over sixty years, Mr. J. C. Harris served continuously as head of one school or another in Georgia. He was superintendent of the Cedartown public schools for sixteen years and of the Rome public schools for twentyfour year. In 1916 he came to the Georgia School for the Deaf as superintendent. Here he remained until his retirement in 1937. During his long career, as a teacher and writer, he habitually followed the prompting of his six guiding principles of life-Truthfulness, Honesty, In. dustry, Kindness, Intelligence and Courage-all of which he sought to inculcate into the lives of those whom he taught or with whom he came in contact.
During Mr. Harris' administration special emphasis was given to speech and speech reading as the most approved method of instruction and the school made great progress in the oral method.
Mr. Harris had to struggle with und::!sirable economy me& ures due to the lack of necessary appropriations, and he experienced many crushed ambitions for enlargement and progr.ss in the midst of a national economic d~pression. In _pite of this, a great many ideas and improvements were introduced and the hospital was added to our campus.
Even after he resigned a3 superintendent, Mr. Harris never lost interest in the school, and the present administration attributes much of the school's progress to his encouragement and influence.
CLAYTON H. HOLLINGSWORTH 1937 -
Mr. Hollingsworth, our present superintendent, is a native Georgian. He recieved his B. S. degree from Georgia Teachers College, and his Master's degree from Gallaudet College, Washin~ton, D. C.
Before assuming his duties as superintendent of the Georgia School for the Deaf in 1937, Mr. Hollingsworth had an out tanding record, cevering a period of twenty y2ars, in the field of public school work, where he wa j:rcminently connected with all educational pra.gress ::nd activitites. At the time of his appointment to the Georg;a Schod. he h~d finished five year- as superintendent of En:anuel County Institute, one of th2 largest high school systems in South Georgia, and was president of the First District High Schoel As ociation.
When Mr. Hollingsworth became superintendent, the school's he u ing facilities were most inadequate ancl unsafe. Hi fiet effort was focu~ed on an extensive building- and repair program for the school for both white and colored, the completion of which gave to Georgia one o.:f the most attractive and best equipped schools for the deaf to be found in any state. His part. in bringing t:J fruition this program can not be overestimated.
During Mr. Hollingsworth's administration, the Ceorgia School has shown marked advancement in academic, vocational and athletic expansion and in co-curricular activities. It has been placed under the State Dei. artment of Education; it was the first school for the deaf to qualify under all three provisions of the Smith-Hughes ancl George-Deen Acts, and it. athletic contestant,.; won I hI' 194R state a lid d istrkt track metlis.
MI'. lIullin/{sworth'. ffective I adenlhilJ and hi!! earnest ancl enthu ia tic effort to improve the educational opportunities for the deaf of Georgia have won for him Ill. ting admiration and appreciation.

Members of Our School Family Who Have Served
a Quarter Century or More
I
The gloriou~ history of tho! Gel'rgia School for the Deaf is the story of its faithful and devoted personnel. The memory of their nollle live!'. their unselfish toil, their high aspiration1', thei~ unfal ering devotion. their self-sacrifice, their nobility of purpose, their sympathetic interest and friendliness, their unfailing courtesy, their lasting patience, their cooperative spirit, their sympathetic response to every problem, their efficiency, their unbounded loyalty and their enthusiastic effort to enrich the life of the deaf child is one of the most precious legacies of the school.
The biography of these members of our school family who have served a quatter of a century or more is one long gtory of unselfish love which was converted into fruitful service joyfully rendered that the deaf child might live more abundantly.
That torch comes to us from these sacred hands. We can but stand transfixed with emotions inexpressibly 'urging in our souls, as we accept the challenge from the e loyal members of our family.

W. O. CONNOR
After the war Mr. Connor went to farming in
Cherokee County, Alabama with his mind fully made
up, as he thought, never to enter any other line of work,
but in the fall of that year, the Trustees met and elected him principal of the Georgia Schoel for the Deaf. After two or three weeks' hesitancy, he decided to accept the place, and upon his shoulders fell the responsibility of opening the school after it had been closed for five years during the war. Mr. Connor was held in the highest esteem not only by the people of Georgia, but also by the members of the profession of teachers of the deaf throughout the United States and Canada as attested by his appointment to places of honor. In 1890 he was appointed on the ational Executive Committee. In 1896 he was elected president of the Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf, a distinction that is offered to only the most capable superintendents. In 1913 he was ch: sen vice-president of th~ Conference of Principals. These were only a few among the many honors that came to him.
WE. value Mr. Connor highly for the noble nature he had, his generous sympathies, his perfect sincerity, his fine judgment, his personal bravery, his joyous comradeship, his splendid sense of justice, and his genial heart. He was a rare personality, lovely and admirable, strong and cordial throughout the years of his old age as in his early manhood.
To very few great ouls i given the power of forming and of carrying- out successfully ideals which are to bbss the world. Had Ml'. Conlior's life accomplished r.aught else but the giving of shape and impetus to the noble organization of the Georgia School, his name would have a permanent place in the annals of time. To him came the vision of the impcrtance of educating the deaf and he gave himself unceasingly to the promulgation of everything that had the welfare of the deaf child as its goal.
Mr. Connor retired from active service in 1916 when he was elected Principal Emeritus and Field Agent for the school. He died at his home in Cave Spring in 1920.
EDITHA SIMMONS CONNOR
In 11\61\. Mis: R<litha Fran('es Simmons was married III W. O. Connur, then th .. pl;n(ifJal .. I' tilt, Geurgia School for the Deaf. For forty-two yean she walked by his side and together they struggled to make this school

Editha Simmons Connor
encouragement of his beloved wife, whom he called one of the best. Mr. Connor often said that the success of their combined effort was due to the support and encouragement of his beloved wife, whom he called his right arm. For twenty-five years she was a teacher in this school, but her services to the cause were not bounded by her capacity and zeal in the work of instruction merely, but were also most valuable in permeating the school family with warm and sympathetic kindness, and wi:;e and aJf ctionate counsel.
On the first of ovembel', 1910 the spirit of Edith<l Simmon Connor changed world. but she left the memory of a beautiful life well spent.

HARRIET CONNOR STEVENS The name of Harriet Connor Stevens is known, revered and loved throughout the deaf world. She was the daughter of W. O. Connor, superintendent of the Georgia School for almost fifty years. Her fir t companions were deaf children. To her, as said of her father, "The interest of the deaf was a life passion." To the deaf alumni cattered throughout the state and nation she will ever be their commander-in-chief.
Mrs. Stevens pos essed a well-nigh indefatigable spirit and a highly superior intellect. To the faculty and ~tudent body she was a "walking encyclopedia." Her torehouse of ready knowledge amazed everyone. She inherited in a generous degree the qualities of mind and heart which made her father everywhere influential and beloved.
During Mrs. Stevens' long years of service as a teacher in the Georgia Schcol, she taught ey.!ry grade from the beginners to the Gallaudet class, but h\!r hobby was the slow pupil. She loved to wake him up.
More than seventy years of active life of mingled joy and sorrow whitened her hair but left unaged the spirit of this gracious woman whose life was one continuous service to the deaf of our land.

DR. W. T. McKINNEY



Dr. W. T. McKinney became the physician 01 the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~!l1
Georgia School for the Deaf at the death of Dr. Isaac I

Sewell in 1908. For twenty-eight year Dr. McKinney

started his day off by making a visit to the school, not

only in the capacity of a beloved and skillful physician

but as a helpful friend and advisor of the administration.

His sympathetic understanding, his unaffected friend-

liness, and his unswerving loyalty won for him the love

and admiration of each member of the school family.

Next to his love for his own family there was no love

that was stronger and truer than his love for the Georgia

Schocl and he gave himself to the ervice of the entire

school with rare devotion.

Dr. McKinney was a man of unusual strength of

character and intelligence. His very appearance indicated

stability and won pronounced leadership.

The name of Dr. W. T. McKinney )Yill ever be held

in grateful memory not only because of faithful service

cheerfully rendered, but because of admiration ::01' the

noble qualities and high ideals illustrated in his daily life.

!

DANIEL WEBSTER SIMMONS

1\

Mr. D. W. Simmon was secretary and treasurer (f

the Gecrgia School for the Deaf for more than forty lJI~~:';'''

''~~W')

year. In all his dealing with the school, he wa alway

careful, accurate and prompt in hi attention. keeping

everything up to the moment on his rec:rd;; so that these

l'eflected accurately even the smalle t item.

Mr. Simmon;;' very presence was able ing espe-

cially emphasized by his beautiful and exemplary life in

every way that he touched the live and interests of

other. He wa the right arm of every uperintendent

under whom he served, and during his long period of

service, he was held in the highest esteem by all connec-

ted with the school. He passed away December 24, 1927.

SAMUEL M. FREEMAN

Samuel M. Freeman lost his hearing when he was six years old. He attended the public schools of Ohio, his native state. until he was twelve years old, and then entered the Ohio School for the Deaf where he remained until he was ready to enter the ational Deaf Mute College (now Gallaudet College). The summer after he was iTaduated from college, he attended a convention of teachers and superintendents of the deaf at Columbus, Ohio. Here he met Mr. W. O. Connor, superintendent of the Georgia School, who offered him a position in this school. Three years after he came to Georgia, he married Mi s Elizabeth Herrick. For forty-nine years, Mrs. Freeman, who was also deaf, shared her husband's devotion for and interest in every deaf child.
For thirty-eight years Mr. Freeman was a teacher at the Georgia School. In 1916, he declined to allow his name to be considered as a member of the faculty of this school. The Board of Trustees said of him upon his retirement, "We extend to you our warmest congratulation upon your spendid record of service as a man, as a teacher and as a friend and comrade to the deaf child to whom you have given a language unspoken to the ear, but beautifully eloquent to the bright eyes that have watched its graceful utterance; meaningful to the hearts that have been warmed and developed under its tuition; and inspirational to the lives that have been guided by contact with you. May there ever abide with you the peace, the faith and the love that should crown a well-spent life given to the faithful discharge of every duty and consecrated to the service of the young people under your care, and to the Master whom you serve". After leaving the Georgia School, Mr. Freeman served for twenty-three years as a special evangelist of the North Georgia Methodist Conference assigned to the deaf congregation in Atlanta at Saint Mark Church, and to the Georgia School for the Deaf.

In 1930 his Alma Mater, Gallaudet College, conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts in recognition of his cutstanding ervice to the deaf "as a teacher, minister and leader".
In 1940 the intermediate and advanced academic building at the Georgia School was dedicated to the memory of Mr. Freeman. The Alumni arranged a very impressive ceremony at which a marble tablet was unveiled and the building officially named Freeman Hall.

CONNOR W. WRIGHT
Mr. Wright was a nephew of Superintendent W. O. Cennor. In 1876, after attending the Universities of Kentucky and Tenne see, Mr. Wright then a very young man, was placed under instruction in the Georgia School preparatory to becoming a teacher. He made such commendable progress, and exhibited so much interest in his work that the next year he was elected as a regular teacher. Mr. Wright had a genial and pleasant disposition, a keen interest in everything touching the life of the school, and an ever readiness to help and encourage each pupil. Kindness and charity were prominent characteristics of his.
For over forty year Mr. Wright gave his best efforts to this school in the capacity of a conscientious and faithful teacher and friend. He not only taught the es.entials of the chool room, but he inquired into all the interest of the pupils and took measures to promote their welfare, and to add happiness to their lives. His life of service to the deaf of our state has been of incalculable worth and abies ing to all who were pl'ivileged to know him.
He passed away at his home in Cave Spring in 1931.

Sara J. Posey

Marie Lutie Bond

Robena Summers

SARA J. POSEY
During the administration of Mr. Dunlap, superintendent of the Georgia School (1858-1860), a class was formed of the exceptionally bright deaf pupils who had lost their hearing early in life. These were given special instruction in lip reading and articulation. Miss Sara J. Posey was a member of this class and her ability to read the lips accurately and to speak almost perfectly bore witnes to the excellency of this early training. She was so thorough in her work and possessed such a bright, cheerful disposition that at the end of eleven years in school here, Mr. Connor offered her a position as teacher. From 1870 until her death in 1904 she labor~d willingly and uncea ingly in an effort to help the deaf child. Her patience knew no bounds and by the use of the compulsion of love and intere t she guided her pupils to the best in life.
ROBENA SUMMERS
The Georgia School for the Deaf owes a great debt to "Miss Bean" for the long and loving care she gave its pupils.
"Miss Bean" was born in a cottage under the veteraJ} white oak tree that stands on our campus. There she grew to young womanhood. In 1874 she entered the service of the Georgia School for the Deaf. During her long years of devotion to the deaf, she filled almolit every position except that of teacher, but most of the time she spent as nurse. She was as a loving mother to thousands of the deaf through the years of their child-

hood; she worked for them through alI the years of her womanhood and her heart beat for them to the last. In her will he left a smaII legacy to the school, a touching evidence of her undying devotion. Even after her superannuation "Miss Bean" planted and tended the flowers and watched with eager eyes for some way in which she could serve. She kept green the traditions of the school. She knew the history of everything about the place, of every tree, every building and every person. The deaf of Georgia will never forget her. She will ever live in the hearts of many deaf citizens of our state, whose most treasured memories are their days and years at the Georgia School for the Deaf.
She passed away at the school on April 27, 1927.
MARIE LUTIE BOND Mrs. Marie Lutie Bond became matron of the Georgia School for the Deaf in 1877, and she served in that capacity continuously until 1903 when she re igned. During these twenty-six years of service, she was absent less than half a month. Mr. W. O. Connor, who was superintendent during her stay said of her, "She was all that a matron could be, and I delight to recall how tenderly, patiently and thoughtfulIy she mini tered to the welfare of the children and how ready she wa at alI times to cooperate with me in anything that would lead to the happiness of our school family." The annollncement of her death in 1923 carried orrow to the heart of hundreds of the adult deaf of Georgia to whom as children away Ir'om their homes she was a faithful foster mother.

Henry Stevens Morris

The Reverend Job Turner

E. T. Penny

HENRY STEVENS MORRIS
Mr. Morris entered the Georgia School for the Deaf soon after the Civil War. He remained at the school for four years under the immediate instruction of W. O. Connor. After this, he was offered a position as instructor in the shoe shop of the school. He held this position for more than forty years. He perhaps sent out more shoemakers than any other deaf man in the United States.
Mr. Morris and Miss Emma Western Edwards, an ex-pupil of the school, were married on the large front veranda of Fannin Hall. The late Senator Alfred H. Colquit, then Governor of Georgia, was a guest of the school at that time and was present at the ceremony. He was 80 profoundly impressed with the service that as he watched the interpreter, W. O. Connor, great tears rolled down his cheeks.
Mr. Morris was an honor to his profession, an honor to the community and an honor to the deaf.
He died, in service, on March 4, 1912.
THE REVEREND JOB TURNER The Reverend Job Turner was a sage among deaf people, a lovable character and a grand old man. His vi its to the Georgia School in the capacity of a missi' nary to the deaf continued for more than a quarter of a century. In his travels from school to school he always brought word of cheer and good will. Though congenitally deaf he had an almost perfect command of the English language, and was one of the best informed deaf people in the world. Mr. Turner was a pupil of the elder Gallaudet and of Laurent Clerc at the American School at Hartford. Upon his graduation he was offered a position as teacher

in the Virginia School where he taught with signal ability and success for over thirty years. He resigned in order to become a missionary to the deaf in connection with the Church Mission to the Deaf Mutes of which the late Dr. Thomas Gallaudet was the founder.
Mr. Turner took pride that he had shaken hands with every president from John Quincy Adams on down to the time of his death in 1903. He had seen Clay, Webster, and Calhoun; had met Andrew Jackson and his full cabinet, and had talked with Lafayette.
This grand old man's last visit to the Georgia School was on November 20, 1902. He died soon after this at Staunton, Virginia.
E.T.PENNY Mr. Penny was for years an instructor in machine shop work at the Georgia School. He was a conscientious, hard-working, straight forward man whose very life was imbedded in the work and advancement of the school. Mr. W. O. Connor, a great admirer of Mr. Penny, said of him, "Everything about him was natural and spontaneous because it was governed by a purpose so habitual that nothing was able to confuse him. One always knew exactly on which side Emeryle Penny would be-the right side." In his unassuming way. Mr. Penny made friends with everyone with whom he came in close contact. He was never too busy to courteously give his undivided attention \,0 any problem brought to him, even though it be a problem brought by the smallest child. His devotion to the pupils was exemplified by the many kind and thoughtful things he did for them. Every child on the ground knew that Mr. Penny was his friend, and the school administration never had a more loyal friend.

NELL A. GIBBONS

For over forty years the charming personality of Mrs. Nell A. Gibbons pervad.ed our school ~aculty. Sh~

had a very enviable record In her work with the dea

where she had served in a great many capacities.

.

In 1904 as Miss ell Adams she came to Georgla and Cave Spring to follow her chosen professio~ of

teaching the deaf. With the exception of the years nom

1912 to 1917, she had seen continuous service since that

~~

f

Mrs. Gibbons had the distinction of being one 0

three teachers who had served under three superintendents. She also had another distinction which few ca~

claim. For more than twenty years, she served as aSSOCl-

ate editor of the School Helper and for five years as

editor. Mr. Gibbon possessed a rare combination of

culture, graciousnes, charm, intelligence, friendlines, ympathy, and cooperation. H~r work was characterized

by outstanding leadership, constant inspiration, cherished

ambitions for the school, and sympathetic understanding

of and friendly interest in every child and everything

that pertained to our school life. Her intelligent effo:t

to carry out the high ideals and aims of the Georgla

School for the Deaf have succeeded in helping to bring

to our school scholastic recognition and well deserved

honor to herself. Mr . Gibbon retired in 1947 at which time he was

supervising teacher of the advanced and intermediate

departments. The entire chool family will ever cherish

the fond memories with which she is so closely associated.

In the beautiful Mountain Val1ey campu of the

Georgia School for the Deaf there is a stately willow oak

tree set apart, dedicated to and bearing the name of one

who had given her fine t effort that deaf children might

have life more abundantly. Thi tree will ever stand as a

growing symbol for love and appreciation for her. The

Nel1 A. Gibbons Tree.

MARIE SEWELL KENNARD
The name, Marie S. Kennard, i ynonymous with everything that pertains to the building of higher standards at the Georgia School for the Deaf. Mrs. Kennard holds a degree from the Georgia State College for Women. She came into the work for the deaf before she was eighteen years old, and her service has been continuous since.
She was trained at the Clarke School in Northampton, Mas achusetts. Her work there was outstanding to the extent that she was retained as an instructor in this notable training center. Following a few years of service there, she was prevailed upon to return to Georgia, her native state. Since that time, in the language of one of her co-worker , "she has worked tirelessly and painstakingly ,vithout thought for personal gain, working far beyond the call of duty, acting as academic principal for two and a half years, training teachers, upervising the teaching both in the primary department and in the department for colored children, demonstrating methods before legislative groups in a successful effort to secure an appropriation for a hospital, and doing an exceptional job in raising and maintaining the standards of the
chool." Mrs. Kennard ha made a number of outstanding
contributions to the profession. ollaborating with the late Edith Fitzgerald, she published "Sugge tions for Mental Development," "A ourse of Study for Primary Grades," and "Straight Language Discusses Arithmetic." Orders for thi material have come in from thirty states, three outlying provinces and five foreign countries.
With Mrs. Kennard at the helm in oral training, the Georgia School wil1 continue to give an opportunity for optimum oral attainment.

Ruth Darnall Forbes

A. May Clark

Annie McDaniel

RUTH DARNALL FORBES
Mr . Forbes was born and reared in Kentucky. She received her education at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky, and did extensive study at the University at Richmond, Kentucky, the University of Tennessee and the Georgia State College for Women.
After teaching in he public schools of Stanford, Kentucky for three years, Mrs. Forbes took a year's training at the Clarke School, Northampton, MassachuCotts preparatory to teaching the deaf. She came to the Georgia School in 1917 and remained two years, after which time she taught in the Florida School for one yE'ar before returning to the Georgia School where she has taught for thirty years.
Because of her training, her long years of experience and her friendly and sympathetic response to every problem, teachers find her a source of interest and helpfulness, and because of her friendliness in the class room, her whole-hearted cooperation in campus activities, and her lasting patience and school spirit pupils find her a source of inspiration and comradeship.
Mrs. Forbes is ideally gentle and gracious yet she is out poken and fearless in her championship of any cause which he believes vital to the welfare of the school. In her life she exemplifies in the highest degree the genuine elements of a stately character.
A. MAY CLARK Miss Clark, a native Georgian, became a member of the faculty of the Georgia School for the Deaf in 1903, and now holds a record of forty-five years of continuous service. She is one of three teachers here who have served under three superintendents. After graduating from Rome Female College, she studied music at Shorter College, also at Rome. She taught art and music in the public chools of Rome until she began to lose her hearing. She then studied art and shop work at the Univer ity of Tennessee preparing herself for work at the Georgia School. Among the classes . he has taught here are, primary shop, carving, mechanical drawing, art, ba ketl'y, weaving and phy ical education. For thirty years, she coached the girls' basketball team which brought much credit to the school.

Several of Miss Clark's former pupils are now employed in engineering departments of large corporations. They have found her course in mechanical drawing very valuable and she often receives letters from them in appreciation of this training.
The beautiful pageants and other dramatic interpretations directed by Miss Clark will long be remembered. The deaf children of Georgia owe to her aesthetic gift a 'debt of gratitude which is large indeed. It is as natural for her to make forms of beauty as it is for stars to radiate light, because the beauty which she so easily imparts to her students prevails already in her own heart, To those of us who have had the opportunity of knowing her has come an appreciation of her gracious, charitable and cultured presence. She has ever typified the cheerful outlook and the gentle friend of adults and children alike. She works with tireless energy and unbounded enthusiasm for the advancement of every child and her earnestness and inspiration are a challenge to those around her who daily see evidences of her enthusiastic cooperation.
ANNIE McDANIEL Miss McDaniel was born and reared in Georgia. She lost her hearing through illness when only a baby, and entered the Georgia School for the Deaf at the age of seven. She was ever known among the teachers as a good student and a very dependable person. After being graduated in 1910, she was appointed as seamstress at thi school. Her pecial duty was to make the children's uniform . Later she tudied at the School of Scientific Sewing in Dallas, Texas where she made an outstanding record. After this, she returned to the Georgia School and has received rapid promotion. For over thirty years, she has been connected with our school having served under three administrations. Miss Annie, as she is affectionately called, never tires of helping others. Her hours are from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same. She can not get away from the demands made upon her which may disappear for a moment only to return in other and more complicated form , but she has that inextingui hable joy which comes from having been faithful in the performance of every duty.

F. M. Gordon

Caroline Sutherlin

F. M. GORDON Prof. F. M. Gordon was for forty-six years principal of our school for the deaf for colored children. He was born in 1853 and was at his death in his seventyfifth year. He was a man of excellent character and lived a life of great usefulness to his state, his family and his church. He was always to be found at his post of duty and was always faithful, kind, just, and truthful. He was graduated from Clark University and then entered the ministry of the Methodist Church which he served until the state authorities asked him to undertake the education of the colored deaf children. During the forty-si..x years he was connected with the school, he bore its burden and administered its affairs with devotion to the children intru ted to his keeping. The colored deaf of Georgia must carry fond memories of their old teacher and his noble wife who cared for them so lovingly during their childhood. He died January 24, 1928.
MARIA GORDON
The memory of Maria Gordon will ever be kept alive in the hearts of the colored deaf of Georgia. As the wife of F. M. Gordon, principal of the Georgia School for the Deaf for colored child~ren for forty-six years, she had an absorbing interest in and.a devoted feeling for the cause so dear to her husband' heart-the education of the colored deaf child.
Maria Gordon was generous and prompt in action, and so ympathetic in nature that she shared the life of every child who came under her care during the long

years she served as matron of the school. ot only was she an unfailing source of inspiration to her husband in all his effort, but she daily tried to strengthen and increase her opportunities of service to each one who belong-ed to the school family, and to exercise the deep sympathy and yearning love he had for every deaf child.
She endeared herself not only to her own race, but to countless white friends who will ever remember her con ecrated life and loving- spirit.
CAROLINE SUTHERLIN
"Aunt Caroline" was for fifty years a laundry woman in the Georgia School for the Deaf. She often boa ted that she was "de fust nigger to strike a lick 0' work for the school after surrender."
Caroline Sutherlin as a lave belonged to Mr. William Sutherlin who owned a plantation near Cave Spring. Because of the hardships brought to "Old Mar ter's family" by Sherman in hi march to the ea, Caroline developed an intense bitterne s to all who resided on the other ide of the Mason - Dixon line, and many orthern friends on vi its to the school have enjoyed hearing her tell of the depredations committed by "dem dam Yankees what wan't no gentlemens nohow."
She loved the deaf children and was always ready, faithful. hone t and true to every trust at the school. She was devoted to "My White Folks."
She died during the Chri tmas holidays, 1914. In that place of peace, happiness and rest we shall see the happy black face of this faithful old servant.

Those Who Have Served"the Georgia School for the Deaf 1848 - 1948

The Georgia School for the Deaf has been signally blessed in the personnel of its officers and teachers. 'rhey have lavished their love and kindness upon the deaf child. Their spirit of helpfulness has been inspirational and there has been a distinct sense of partnership existing between them as they lifted together and as their hearts tugged at the same load.

O. P. Fannin J. B. Edwards
John M. Carroll MI' . Sara Carroll
S. J. John on Mrs. Marion A. Love A. Summers Robert McCord
J (~eph B. Johnson Dr. William A. Love A. T. Harper ,:1' . A. T. Harper
Mr;;. M. E. Johnson
Dr. J. H. Johnson
W. O. Connor
Samuel F. Dunlap Miss Eugenia Sparks James S. Davis
William D. Cook Miss Harriet L. Cook
W. O. Connor James Fisher B. B. Quillian Mrs. Lou J. Quillian
Miss Sara J. Posey
James F. Moore Henry Morris
J. B. Yarborough
C. W. Wright Mrs. M. L. Bond Dr. J. B. Underwood
Samuel M. Freeman
Dr. A. W. Wright F. M. Gordon (col.) W. A. Caldwell (col.) Maria Gordon (col.)
Dr. J. C. Watts

1847

Superintendent 1847 - 1858

Teacher

1847 - 1858

1849 Steward Matron

1849 - 1851 1849 - 1851

1850 Secretary Matron Vocational Vocational

1850 - 1862 1850 - 1851 1850 - 1851 1850 - 1873

1851 Teacher Physicia, Steward fatron

1851 - 1857 1851 - 1853 1851 - 1853 1851 - 1853

1855 Matron

1855 - 1862

1856 Teacher

1856 - 1877

1857 Teacher

1857 - 1862

1858 Superintendent Teacher Teacher

1858 - 1860 1858 - 1860 1858 - 1870

1860

Superintendent 1860 - 1862

Teacher

1860 - 1862

1867 Superintendent Teacher Steward Matron

1867 - 1916 1867 - 1886 1867 - 1877 1867 - 1877

1870 Teacher
1873 Teacher Vocational
1875 Vocational
1877 Teacher Matn>n Physician
1878 Teacher
1881 Physician Principal Teacher Matron
1884 Physician

1870 - 1904
1873 - 1876 1873 - 1912
1875 - 1877
1877 - 1918 1877 - 1901 1877 - 1 1
1879 - 1916
1881 - 1884 1881 - 1928 1881 - 1897 1881 - 1933
1884 -1902

Mrs. E. S. Connor 'VIi.:; Robena Summers
fiss L. A. Foley E. T. Penny

1888 Teacher Matron
1892 Teacher Vocational

Lucinda Gordon (col.)

1893 Teacher

Henry B. Watts 1\-1 iss Della Harri Lula Palmer (col.)

1894 Teacher Teacher Teacher

Mi s Katherine T. King Miss M. Bayard Morgan

1896 Teacher Vocational

Mi s Mary E. Clark Miss Mary E. Harris Miss ettie McDaniel

1897 Teacher Teacher Supervisor

Frank Bright Miss Jessie C. Connor T. B. Huff T. P. McKoy Carrie Colcolough (col.)

1898 Teacher Teacher Vocational Vocational Teacher

Mi s A. McD. Ervin W. S. Gibbons

1899 Teacher Vocational

Miss Louise Robinson L. E. Milligan Wm. Reed (col.)

1900 Teacher Teacher Teacher

W. M. Marshall Miss Minnie Moore

1901 Teacher Matron

C. R. McIver Dr. I. Sewell Dr. E. P. Cox R. A. Asbury Monroe Ingraham

(col.)

1902 Teacher Physician Ear Specialist Teacher Teacher

Mi Elizabeth Freeman Miss May Clark Miss ina Gilliland

1903 Teacher Teacher Supervisor

1904

Mi s Josephine Warren

Teacher

Mi's ell Adams (Gibbons) Teacher

A. C. Manning

Teacher

Mis Kate Morris

Supervisor

Mi s Susie Wilcox

Vocational

H. E. Thompson MiSil Anna W. Allen J. W. Seitz
Miss Lucy J. Fallon

1905 Teacher Teacher Vocational
1906 Teacher

1888 - 1907 1888 - 1916
1892 - 1899 1892 - 1917
1893 - 1894
1894 - 1897 1894 - 1906 1894 - 1899
1896 - 1897 1896 - 1898
1897 - 1900 1897 - 1906 1897 - 1899
1898 - 1901 1898 - 1903 1898 - 1905 1898 - 1910 1898 - 1904
1899 - 1906 1899 - 1900
1900 - 1904 1900 - 1902 1900 - 1902
1901 - 1902 1901 - 1911
1902 - 1903 1902 - 1908 1902 - 1937 1902 - 1912 1902 - 1907
1903 - 1904 1903 1903 - 1904
1904 - 1911 1904 - 1912 1904 - 1906 1904 - 1906 1904 - 1911
1906 - 1906 1905 - 1918 1905 - 1908
1906 - 1907

Miss It.avilla Ward Miss Pauline Camp Miss Mary McClelland Dr. F. L. Rountree Miss Minnie Smith Miss A. M. Evans
Mis ettie McDaniel Miss Alice Alcorn Mrs. Hattie C. Stevens Miss Nelle D. Warren Miss Mary L. Gordon Robert A. Chambers
Miss A. C. Kinnaird Miss Almira Hammond Miss R. G. Myer Dr. W. T. McKinney Dr. W. T. Edwards W. S. Horan G. G. Trawick Mrs. E. R. Glazier Charlie Lanier Carrie Pullen (col.)
Miss Lavilla Ward Miss Agnes Ward Miss Emma Pettis J. C. Reeves Miss Artie Compton
Mrs. M. L. Grismer T. B. Blaker Henry Metcalf
Miss Josephine Hayden Miss Maude Carter Miss Vivian Tilly Miss Janie Cherry Miss Katie Asbury Misi L. Allen Miss Pauline Bailey
Mrs. Helen Harper Charles Striplin Mrs. N. S. Leitner Miss Susie Daniel Miss Clara Clark
Miss Grace Kiniley Miss Hattie L. Deem H. S. Murphy Miss Mary Crowder George E. Alexander
Miss Alice Bowman Miss Emily Asbury Mrs. Clarice Potts Mrs. Sara Hunt Miss Alice Parlaman
Miss Jennie WarCl Mis' Ruth Berger Miss Susan Norris

Teacher Teacher Teacher Dentist Teacher Vocational
1907 Principal Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Supervisor
1908 Teacher Teacher Teacher Physician Dentist Supervisor V'ocational Vocational Vocational Teacher
1909 Teacher Teacher Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor
1910 Matron Supervisor Vocational
1911 Teacher Teacher Teacher Vocational Supervisor Vocational Vocational
1912 Matron Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Vocational
1913 Teacher Supervisor Vocational Vocational Supervisor
1914 Teacher Teacher Supervisor Vocational Teacher
1915 Teacher Teacher Teacher

1906 - 1908 1906 - 1908 1906 - 19,09 1906 - 1908 1906 - 1923 1906 - 1908
1907 - 1926 1907 - 1915 1907 - 1941 1907 - 1911 1907 - 1911 1907 - 1908
1908 - 1909 1908 - 1915 1908 - 1909 1908 -1936 1908 - 1930 1908 - 1909 1908 - 1912 1908 - 1911 1908 - 1913 1908 - 1920
1909 - 1917 1909 - 1914 1909 - 1910 1909 - 1910 1909 - 1911
1910 - 1911 1910 - 19U 1910 - 1917
1911 - 1914 1911 - 1917 1911 - 1914 1911 - 1916 1911 - 1912 1911 - 1912 1911 - 191-2
1912 - 1915 1912 - 1914 1912 - 1913 1912 - 1916 1912 - 1914
1913 - 1921 1913 - 1914 1913 - 1924 1913 - 1914 1913 - 1915
1914 - 1916 1914 - 1917 1914 - 1915 1914 - 1915 1914 - 1915
1915 - 1917 1915 - 1916 1915 - 1918

Miss Mary E. McKinney Miss Clara Logan Miss Vivian Tilly Miss Edna McDaniel Raymond Rou Miss Ida Holder
James Coffee Harris L. H. Ware Miss Stella Rupley Mrs. Fannie Speer Miss Mary M. Harris Miss Birdie Tuckel Marvin C. Baker Miss Miriam George Miss Mabel Perkins Miss Benita Ragland 'xiI's. M. S. Offutt Miss Annie McDaniel Mrs. Nettie Wright R. C. Parris A. Carpenter gtatem M. Taylor Emanuel Eason (col.) Cliff Johnson (col.) Gus Caslin (col.)

Teacher Matron Teacher Supervisor Supervisor Secretary
1916 Superintendent T(,:lcher T('acher Matron Matron
Turse Supervisor Supc;>rvisor Matron Supervisor Vocational Vocational Vocational Vocational Vocational Vocational Teacher Cook Maintenance

1915 - 1918 1915 - 1916 1915 - 1919 1915 - 1916 1915 - 191 (; 1915 - 193:'
1916 - 1937 1916 - 1917 1916 - 1923 1916 - 1921 1916 - 1921 1916 - 1921 1916 - 1917 1916 - 1917 1916 - 1934 1916 - 1921 1916 - 1920 1916 1916 - 1921 1916 - 1932 1916 - 1926 1916 - 1917 1916 - 1917 1916 - 1948 1916' - 1940

1917

Miss Rose Alcorn

Teacher

Mrs. Nell A. Gibbons

Teacher

Miss Alice Alcorn

Teacher

Miss Almira Hammond

Teacher

Miss Marpret Hand

Teacher

Miss Ruth Darnall (Forbes) Teacher

Smiley Parris

Supervisor

Jodie A. Baker

Vocational

Edwin Grimes

Vocational

M. E. Howell

ocational

D. H. Howell

ightwatchman

Pattie Palmer (col.)

Teacher

Miss Lydia Babcock

Teacher

1917 -1918 1917 - 1947 1917 - 1918 1917 -1923 1917 - 1918 1917 - 1919 1917 - 1921 1917 - 1921 1917 - 1923 1917 -1921 1917 - 1930 1917 - 1921 1917 - 1921

1918

Miss Corinne DeBerry (Sutherlin) Teacher 1918 - 1925

Miss Anita Wells

Teacher

1918 - 1922

Miss Charlie Elmore

Teacher

1918 - 1919

Miss Marjory McCauley Teacher

1918 - 1919

Miss Clara Russell Miss Verne Smith Miss Kathryn Taylor Miss Emma Roberts Miss Jessie Stevens Miss Susan Norris

1919 Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher

1919 - 1922 1919 - 1922 1919 - 1921 1919 - 1920 1919 - 1920 1919 - 1926

1920

Mi s Marie Sewell (Kennard) Teacher

Mrs. Ruth D. Forbes

Teacher

1920 - 1921 1920 -

Miss Lillian Miller Miss Hattie Harrell Miss Lucile Dimon Miss Elizabeth Sewell Miss Leola Matthews Miss Gertrude Benson Miss Jessie Powers Miss Mamie Benson Miss Annie Reynolds

1921 Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Matron Matron Matron Supervi or

1921 - 1926 1921 - 1925 1921 - 1922 1921 - 1924 1921 - 1922 1921 - 1922 1921 - 1923 1921 - 1923 1921 - 1922

froy Alverson

Supervisor

Miss Anna Holmes De Berry Teacher

Mrs. Ida Lovelace

Supervisor

Miss Bernice Bray

Supervisor

Mrs. Margaret HaITis Blair Vocational

Mrs. Vera Kimsey

Supervisor

Bertha Brown (col.)

Teacher

Claude Beattie (col.)

Teacher

Mary Thomas (col.)

Teacher

Miss Margaret Van Pelt Matron

Mi~s Ruth Kimsey

Vocational

J. B. Aldrich

Vocational

Otto Cuzzort

Vocational

Farris Forrester

Supervisor

:\[iss Eliza Bridges

Supervisor

Miss Lillian Ford

C::upervisor

J. B. Lester

Vocational

Thomas A. Gordon

Vocational

1922

Mi~s Beatrice Van Pelt Supervisor

Miss Millicent Fuller

Tracher

Miss Lucile Pearson

Teacher

Leen Deck

Supervisor

Miss Marge Smith

,supervisor

Mrs. D. V. Mitchell

Supervisor

Miss Janie Mae Jones

C::upervi;;;or

Miss Marie Sewell (Kennard) Teacher

Mrs. Bessie Sloan

Matron

1923

Miss Elizabeth Daniel

Teacher

Miss Martha McClary

Teacher

Miss Julia Lawrence (Arnold) TeachE'r

Miss Gladys Evans (Carpenter) Teacher

Miss Georgia Fitch

Teacher

Miss Sara Hudgins

Teacher

Miss Lee Griffin

Teacher

Miss Margaret Perkins

Teacher

MisR Augusta Hand fiss Otis Cain (Findley) L. R. Divine Mr . Ruth Newell

1924 Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher

Mi;;;s Helen eal Miss Blanche Videan Mrs. Minnie Mollison Mrs. Marie S. Kennard Miss Lillian Powell Mr. V. E. Martin C. B. Grow Mi:>3 Dorothy Wright

1925 Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher

Miss Kate Alcorn Mrs. Grace Overstreet Miss Elizabeth Barnett Miss Jerome Hicks Miss Jennie Ruggles rdrs. Lizzie Brooks Miss Lillian Luckenbill Raymond Kimsey Mrs. Edna Pettis Miss Ella Wyatt Mrs. Mamie McDaniel

1926 Princip:ll Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Matron
Supervi~or
Supervisor Matron Nurse Vocational

1921 - 1922 1921 - 1922 19~1 - 1!l22 1921 - 1922 Inl - 1922 Inl - 1934 1921 - 1934 1921 - 1923 1921 - 1923 1921 - 1923 1921 - 1923 1921 - 1924 1921 - 1927 1921 - 1922 1921 - 1922 1921 - 1922 1921 - 1922 1921 - 1923
1922 - 1923 1922 - 1928 1922 - 1923 1922 - 1923 1922 - 1923 1922 - 1923 1922 - 1928 1322 - 1923 1922 - 1929
1923 - 1925 1923 - 1925 1923 - 1925 1923 - 1929 1923 - 1924 1923 - 1926 1923 - 1926 1923 - 1924
1924 - 1925 1924 - 1925 1924 - 1926 1924 - 1926
1925 - 1926 1925 - 1926 1925 - 1933 1925 1925 - 1926 1925 - 1926 1925 - 1926 1925 - 1937
In6 - 1932 1926 - 1928 1926 - 1928 1926 - 1928 1926 - 1928 1926 - 1935 ] 92(j - 1928 1926-1928 1926 - 1928 1926 - 1935 1926 - 1932

Richard Coffman

Vocational

F. M. Fuller

Vocational

W. C. Mullenix

Vocational

J. M. Simmons

Vocational

Louizianna Jackson (col.) Teacher

Carrie Patrick (col.)

Teacher

Miss Mary E. Taylor

Teacher

Miss Ruth Orenbaum

Teacher

Rosa Thompson (col.)

Teacher

Miss Kathryn Taylor John Terry Lillian Whiteside Miss Emily Asbury

1927 Teacher' Vocational Vocational Teacher

1928

Stahl Butler

Teacher

Miss Isabel Lemon

Teacher

Miss Helen Jackson

Teacher

Miss Jennie Mayes Stroud Teacher

Miss Mary Frances Hicks Teacher

Miss Luella Brown

Teacher

Miss Madolyn Todd

Teacher

Miss Adelia Potter

Teacher

Miss Marion Franks

Teacher

Miss Pauline. !icholson (Casey) Teacher

Miss Mildred Battenburg Teacher

Susie Harrison (col.)

Teacher

Mrs. Hatti~ Ward

Matron

Mrs. Dulia Dickerson

Supervisor

Mrs. Lelia Barnett

Matron

Miss Cleo Arnold

Supervisor

]\'{i~:- Odessa Yarborough Supervisor

Miss KathlE'-n Ray

Vocational

Mrs. Ruby Perry

Matron

Charles N. Parris

Vocational

Joe Latham

Vocational

Miss Dorothy Allen

Teacher

Mrs. Elizabeth Hector

Teacher

Andrew Hill (col.)

Teacher

Miss Ada Bell Hughes

Teacher

Miss Juliet McDermott

Tcacher

WiIlial1l Gordon (col.)

Principal

Miss Mary Blake Miss Jan':' Daley Miss Maureen Doyle Miss Mildred Durgan Miss Juanita Barker Miss Dorothy Cook Barton Clark Miss lIa England Miss Marion Harned Mrs. Mari", Macon Miss Barbara Scudder Miss EI",anor Sims John Watters (col.)

1929 Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Vocational Teacher Matron Teacher Teacher Maintenance

Mrs. Virginia Davenport Mi Ini B. Hall Mr . Jessie Jones
r.. P. Jone.
Miss Mabel Perkin. Mrs. Mary Harris
Mi s Pauline Schmidt

1930 Teacher Teacher Teacher Vocational Matron Matron Teacher

1926 - 1932 1926 - 1928 1926 - 1935 1926 - 1932 1926 - 1933 1926 - 1928 lJ26 - 1027 1926 - 1D27 1926 - 1927
1927 - 1928 1927 - 1928 1927 - 1928 1927 - 1934
] 92 -] 932 1928 - 1929 1921l - 1929 1928 - 1929 1928 - 1931 1928 - 1947 1928 - 1931 1928 - 1931 1928 - 1931 1928 - 1942 1928 - 1931 1928 - 1932 1928 - 1935 1928 - 1940 1928 - 1947 1928 - 1933 1928 - 1932 1928 - 1931 1928 1928 - 1931 1928 - 1931 1928 - 1929 1928 - 1931 1928 - 1929 1928 - 1930 1928 - 1943 1928 - 1933
1929 - 1930 1929 - 1934 1929 - 1930 1929 - 1931 1929 - 19:15 1929 - 1:)3::; 1929 - 1944 1929 - 1931 1929 - 1943 1929 - 1935 1929 - 1930 1929 - 1933 1929 -
1930 - 1938 1930 - 1932 ] 930 1930 - 1!):l2 ] 930 - 1937 1930-1937 1930 - 1935

Everett Ryle Miss Ada Jackson V. S. Crumley Miss an Jeter Dr. W. S. Watson

Vocational Vocational Vocational Teacher .; .Dentist

1930 1930 - 1931 1930 - 1933 1930 - 1932 1930 - 1947

Miss Lucile Pearson T. J. Martin

1931

Teacher

1931 - 1932

ightwatchman 1931 - 1934

Stahl Butler Christopher G. Smith Miss Mildred Smith Carrie Cuiens (col.)

1932 Principal Vocational Teacher Teacher

1932 - 1935 1932 - 1935 1932 - 1935 1932 - 1933

1933

Miss Jane Sitton

Teacher

1933 - 1935

Mi s Edith Fitzgerald

Teacher

1933 - 1934

John L. Caple

Vocational

1933 - 1942

Miss Carolyn Montgomery (Shipley) Teacher 1933-1938

Miss Mary Montgomery Teacher

1933 - 1934

Miss Emmalyne Barker Vocational

1933 - 193-1

Courtney Davis

Vocational

1933 - 1935

W. R. Smith

Vocational

1933 - 1936

A. A. Tilly

Vocational

1933 - 1935

William McCanless

Viocational

1933 - 1935

J. D. Rice (col.)

Principal

1933 - 1943

Estelle G. Rice (col.)

Teacher

1933 - 1943

Mi s Mary Brown J. A. E1rod Thomas Swint

1934

Teacher

1934 - 1937

ightwatchman 1934 - 1943

Vocational

1934 - 1937

1935

Miss Ellen B. Cobb

Teacher

Miss Edith Dixon (Montgomery) Teacher

Miss Margaret ,Jane LeCompte Teacher

Miss Helen Stonebraker Teacher

John F. Mor~an

Vocational

Dan Estes

Vocational

Miss Ellen Saunders

urse

Annie Mae Bostwick (col.) Teacher

Quentin Gordon (col.)

Teacher

1935 - 1937 1935 1935 - 1937 1935 ~ 1937 1935 - 1942 1935 - 1937 1935 - 1937 1935 - 1942 1935 - 1937

Mrs. Linnie E. Goss Mrs. Janice R. Caple Dr. J. C. Connor Miss Sadie Stovall Miss ell Abercrombie Mrs. Helen Hudson Miss Maude Wimbish

1936 Supervisor Secretary 'Physician Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher

1936 - 19311 1936 - 1941 1936 1936 - 1938 1936 - 1937 1936 - 1938 1936 - 1938

1937

Clayton H. Hollingsworth Superintendent

Dr. R. B. McCord

Ear Specialist

Mi Katharine Casey

Teacher

Mrs. Gladys E. Carpenter Teacher

John L. Gou~h

Principal

Mrs. Harriet L. Gough . Teacher

Miss Esther Green (Curry) Supervisor

Olaf Tollefson

Teacher

Mrs. Rosalie Wells

Teacher

Cecil White

Vocational

H. E. Woodruff

Teacher

J. R. Ware

Vocational

Miss Lillie Mae Wood

urse

1937 1937 - 1941 1937 - 1943 1937 - 1943 1937 - 1938 1937 - 1938 1937 - 1943 1937 - 1942 1937 -1939 1937 - 1939 1937 - 1941 1937 1937 - 1941

1938

Mrs. Allie Woodruff

Teacher

1938 - 1941

Roy L. Parks

Principal

1938 - 1944

Mrs. Julia Arnold

Teacher

1938 - 1940

Mrs. Gladys Clark

Teacher

1938 - 1944

Miss' Edith Fitzgerald

Teacher

1938 - 1939

Miss Charlotte Reynolds (Gifford) Teacher 1938 - 1941

Mrs. Ila Sewell

Teacher

. 1938 - 1946

John Wells

Teacher

"1938 - 1939

William McCanles

Scoutmaster ;. 1938 - 1941

Miss Doris Mann

Teacher

1938 - 1939

Race Drake

Teacher

1938 - 1941

Miss Elise Sawyer

Supervisor

1938 - 1941

Connor Dillard

Supervisor

1938 - 1941

Miss Mildred Miller

Stenographer 1938 - 1939

Miss Myrtice Walker

Supervisor

1938 - 1940

C. H. Chapman

Vocational

1938 - 1941

Capers Baxter

Vocational

1938 - 1941

Calvin Holman

Vocational

1938 -

D. S. Peck

Vocational

1938 - 1942

Jim Baker

Vocational

1938 - 1939

William Stewart

Vocational

1938 - 1941

Harvey Wilson

Vocational

1938 - 1941

Wilhamena Betton (col) Teacher

1938 - 1943

Otis Grimes

Storekeeper 1938 - 1939

1939

Mrs. Russell Irwin

Teacher

1939 -

Miss Margaret Paris

Teacher

1939 - 1943.

Miss Kathryn Watson

Teacher

1939 - 1943

Mil;s Effie Wood (Stewart) Supervisor

1939 - 1941

Mi s Gena Geeslin

Supervisor

1939 - 1942

Walter Wade

Vocational

1939 - 1941

Mi s Rebecca S. (Crowe) Secretary

1939 - 1942

Clifford Culbertson

Steward

1939 - 1941

Mrs. Mabel Fincher

Teacher

1939 -

J. B. Redden

Vocational

1939 -

1940

Jehn G. Kester

Teacher

1940 - 1941

Mrs. Frances Longshore Teacher

1940 - 1943

J. F. Longshore

Vocational

1940 - 1941

Miss Dorothy Stevens

Vocational

1940 - 1942

Steve Pettis

Vocational

1940 - 1942

Mrs. Vela Evans

Teacher

1940 - 1942

Mrs. Lorene Drake

Supervisor

1940 - 1941

Estelle W. Rice (col)

Teacher

.1940 - 194'1

1941

W. H. Crowe

Steward

1941.- 1942-

Miss LuC'ile Casey

Teacher

1941 - 1943

Mrs. Gladys Caswell

Teach~r

1941 - 1945.

Render Caswell

Teacher

. 1941 - 1945

Mis Elizabeth Barne

Teacher

1941 - 1942

Miss Ann Hutchinl;on

Teacher

1941 - 1942

Rex Lowman

Teacher

1941 - 1942

Mrs. Fern D. Parks

Teacher

1941 - 1943

fiss Anna Terry

Teacher

1941 - 1942

'Ii s Lucile Phillips

Matron

1941 - 1942

Mrs. Emma Henderson-

Matron

1941 -

Mis Emmalee Jones (Highnote) Teacher 1941 -

John Terry

Vocational

1941 - 1942

Mrs. Martielle Hedgepeth Vocational

1941 - 1942'

W. B. Horton

Vocational

1941 -1~42

Miss Katie Payne

urse

1941 - 1945

Dr. D. W. H. Cheney

Ear Specialist 1941 - 1943

.Miss Ruth Geeslin

Supervisor

1941 - 1942

Ralph Blankenship

Vocational

1941 - 1943

Tommy Hamm

Vocational

J. B. Redden

Vocational

Lucille C. McCullough (col.) Teacher

Mildred Kinnebrew (col.) Teacher

Miss Jewell Pendley Fred Etheridge Miss Elise Sawyer Teddy Waters Miss Louise Montgomery Earl Cox Clay Hopper Mrs. Mary Alice Mathias John Smith Miss Lulu Brantley Mrs. Ollie Chapman J. L. Ingram Earnest Pledger W. E. Coates John Wheeler

1942 Secretary Steward Teacher Vocational Vocational Vocational Supervisor reacher Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Vocational Vocational Vocational Vocational

1943

Mrs. Dorothy Henderson TeacRer

Mrs. Frances Little

Teacher

Miss athalene Ritch

Supervisor

Miss Viola McMichen

Teacher

Miss Pauline Shahan

Teacher

Mrs. Frances M. Tollefson Teacher

Olaf Tollefson

Teacher

Mrs. Mary P. Turner

Teacher

Mrs. Maude Welch

Teacher

Henrietta B. Reynolds (col.) Teacher

Mattie Davis Sams (col.) 'reacher

Beulah Gibson (col.)

Teacher

Quentin Gordon (col.)

Principal

Mrs. Miriam Minter

Teacher

Mrs. Rebecca S. Crowe

Secretary

O. W. Haney Miss Evelyn Scoggins Mrs. Dorothy Berentz Mis Geverna Chapman Mrs. Mildred Wright Mi s Shirley Almy Miss Gladys Latham

1944 Steward Secretary Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Vocational

1941 - 1942 1941 1941 1941 - 1943
1942 - 1943 1942 - 1943 1942 - 1944 1942 - 1943 1942 - 1944 1942 1942 - 1943 1941 - 1943 1942 - 1943 1942 - 1943 1942 1942 - 1944 1942 1942 - 1943 1942 - 1947
1943 - 1944 1943 - 1944 1943 192::1 . 1943 1943 1943 1943 1943 - 1947 1943 1943 - 1946 1943 - 1947 1943 - 1945 1943 1943 - 1945
1944 - 1947 1944 - 1945 1944 - 1945 1944 - 1945 1944 1944 - 1945 1944 -

Eula Mae Strange (col.) Teacher

1944 - 1946

R. H. McAffee

Vocational

1944 -

Walter Wade

Vocational

1944 - 1946

Mrs. Ellen B. West

Supervisor

1944 - 1946

Mrs. Martha K. Stanz

1945 Secretary

1945 - 1946

Mr . Hattie Aiken Mr. Myrtle Johnson Mr3. Sara Griffith Mrs. Carolyn Shipley Miss Alice Whatley

Secretary Secretary
urse Teacher Teacher

1945 - 1947 1945 1945 1945 - 194'i 1945 - 1946

Daniel Van Cott Mr . Hallie Jolly Mr . Alva Parris Mrs. Mae Glenn Ralph White Mi s Pauline Schmidt

Coach Matron Supervisor Teacher Teacher Teacher

1945 1945 1945 - 1947 1945 1945 1945 - 1946

Andrew Hill (col.)

Principal

1945 - 1947

1946

Mrs. Helen Nathanson

Supervisor

1946 -

Hillis Hollingsworth

Teacher

1946 - 1947

Mi s Mary Forbes

Teacher

1946 -

rs. Pauline Casey

Teacher

1946 -

Lawrence Warren Mildred F. Daniel (col)

Viocational Teacher

1946 - 19~7 1946 -

Savannah F. Alexander (col.) Teacher

Rosa Ann Gibson (col.)

Teach~r

1946 - 1947 1946 -

C!::;ve Edgens

Nightwatchman 1946 - 1948

1947

Mi s Bettye Arnold MlS. Mary Warren

Teacher Matron

1947 1947 - 1948

Miss Katharine Casey

Teacher

1947 -

John L. Caple

Principal

194'1 -

1's. Janice R. Caple

Matron

1947 -

Hugh Hodges Miss Sarah Fox 1i s Odine Cauthen

Teacher Supervisor Supervisor

1947 1947 19-1j -

Mrs. Rebecca S. Crowe Hattie S. Menifee (col.) 1attie D. Sams (col) Julian Tumlin

Secretary Teacher Teacher Steward

1947 1947 1947 1947 -

1948

Mrs. A. W. David Opil Wheeler Sam Kerr

Matron

1948 -

Nightwatchman 1948 -

Vocational

1948 -

NEW DORMITORY UNIT FOR COLORED DEAF

GEORGIA ASSOCIATION OF THE DEAF
Serving the Deaf Since 1910

ERNEST C. HERRON, President ESTEBE D. WARD, 1st Vice-Pre 'ident FRED M. HARDEl ,2nd Vice-President MRS. J. F. PO DER, Secretary J. HORACE TAYLOR, Trea 'urer

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

ER EST C. HERRON, Atlanta

J. HORACE TAYLOR, Hapeville

ESTEBEN D. WARD, Atlanta

LEONARD McLEAN, Atlanta

FRED M. HARDEN, Mableton

MRS. LEONARD McLEAN, Atlanta

MRS. J. F. PO DER, Atlanta

JAMES F. PONDER, Atlanta

ROBERT F. FREEMAN, Atlanta

On the glad occasion cf the one-hundredth anniversary of the Georgia School for the Deaf we take pleasure in extending to one and all the greetings of the Alumni.
The Georgia School for the Deaf and its Alumni may each take like pride in the accomplishments of the other. Looking back one hundred years and forward another hundred we have much for which to be thankful, many things of which to be proud and much yet to hope for and to work and plan for.
On the credit side of the ledger we can point with justifiable pl'ide to the records made by the Alumni in all forms of endeavor. Skilled deaf craftsmen can be found in almost every trade. There are barbers, bakers, shoemakers, printers, pressmen, builders, cabinet makers, machinists, clerks, typists, business machine operators, bookkeepers, garment workers, farmers, teachers, beauticians, and on and on. A long list could be compiled. There are a number of deaf people who successfully operate their own business.
Many specific instance could be shown in which deaf Georgians have distinguished them elves. Space permits mention of only a few.
Foremost in the writer's memory is the late Rev. Samuel M. Freeman, teacher, mini tel' and friend to thousands of deaf Georgians. He served God and his people long and faithfully. Gallaudet College bestowed upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. The

Georgia School for the Deaf has honored him by naming the academic building "Freeman Hall". His friends have honored him with a bronze plaque on the building.
To the late Miss Ella Groom, another of God's true servants, goes the credit for leading many deaf people to Christ. At her death the money she had thriftily set aside during a life-time of steady work was used to endow a room for the deaf at Emory University Hospital. Many deaf Georgians have benefited by this free hospital service and blessed the memory of Miss Ella Groom.
Some credit for the improvements made at the school in recent years goes to the late Irby H. Marchman. His unceasing campaign for a better school saw consummation in the erection of the new primary building, the girls' dormitory, and improvements to other buildings. He lived to see the work started and those who follow hope to see it completed.
Of the e and many others the school may well be proud.
On the other hand the Alumni doffs its collective hat to the chool which over the space of a century ha turned out so many successful citizens, to the teachers who have labored faithfully over a most difficult task and done so well. They are rich in the love and respect of their pupils who have benefited by their efforts.
Let the school and the Alumni look back proudly to . a hundred years of achievement and mutually pledge a still greater school.

Through the Years

We have selected from rare old records, a statement hero, a clipping there-out tanding details, which together make a contribution to the history of a pioneer movement and an epoch-making event-the establishment of the Georgia School for the Deaf. Our hearts were tirred as we looked over the time worn, bedimmed records, newspaper clippings, yellow with age, photographs faded and old-lovingly gathered and carefully bound. Each telling a story all its own. Each reciting the struggles of the faithful in founding thi institution; their prayerful anxieties, their financial difficulties and privations, their hopes and aspirations. their joys and orrows. their truggles amid the ruins of war-war with all its want and woe, war with all its hunger and haired, war with all it death and destruction, their unflinching fidelity in maintaining standards and their triumphant joy in expansion.
"Through the Years" is intended to give only those interesting pictures which will put the reader in sympathy with the early years of our school and point the way to the fuller record to be found in the History.
1848 "Last winter a bill pa sed the Legislature locating
the 'Georgia Asylum' for the Deaf and Dumb in the village of Cave Spring and endowing it by continuing the annual appropriation of $4,500.00 for school purposes with an additional one for building purposes. At the same time a board of five commissioners was created under whose supervisory control the institution was placed." -First Annual Report.
1848 "The Board of Commissioners of the Geergia Asy-
lum for the Deaf and Dumb recently purchased a lot of some eight acres from the Trustees of Hearn Manual Labor School for which the sum of thirty dollars pel' acre was paid. They expect to build a brick building, two tories high, seventy-five feet long by forty feet wide."-First Annual Report.
1849 "Han. A. R. Wright of Rome, delivered the dedi-
cato~y address for the new building recently completed for the 'Georgia A ylum' for the Deaf and Dumb." -Second Annual Report.
1850 "Mr. Fannin has nearly completed a Grammar for
the Deaf and Dumb. A te t of neal'ly two years upon the principles of his book ha satisfied him of its utility." -Second Annual Report.
1851 "The Asylum is abundantly upplied with water
from a blue lime tone spring on the grounds belonging to the institution. The health giving properties of this W:lter together with the bracing mountain air. render our kcation in this respect peculiarly fortunate; affordinc- for the Deaf-Mutes of the middle and outhern sections of the State a pleasant retreat from the noxious and sultry air incident to their more southern homes." Second Annual Report.

1852 "We regret exceedingly that the law limits the stay
of the State Beneficiaries to four years. If the stay could be extended to six years, we feel confident of the most happy results."-Second Annual Report.
"All who apply for admittance into the Institution as Beneficiaries shall produce a certificate signed by two or more Justices of the Irrferior Court - - - - certifying that he or she is over 10 and under 30 years of age, in indigent circumstances, and unable to educate themselves."-Terms of Admission, 1851.
1855 "Our pupils remain in school the entire twelve
months of the year."-6th Annual Report. 'Do officers and teachers receive too much for
their services? - - - The fact seems to be ignored that it requires a preparation above what can be acquired in an ordinary school or college. They perform double the amount of labor done by regular officers of ordinary schools. They must resume their labors after night-fall in Study Hall. On the Sabbath their place is at the Asylum pointing their charges to the Lamb of God."6th Annual Report.
"The trees planted on the grounds begin to afford some relief from the summer's heat by their genial shade."-6th Annual Report.
1856 "There is one session of ten month commencing
January 15th of each year. Parents and guardians are reque ted net to ask for leave of absence for the pupil during the se sion."-Terms of Admission, 1856.
There is but one vacation, commencing ovember 15th and ending January 15th.
1857 "A brick building one hundred feet long by thirty
feet wide and two stories high has just been constructed for the use of the Mechanical Department."-7th Annual Report.
"As was anticipated, the extension of the time of the pupil to six years enables him now to acquire a finish and completeness to his education which will enable him to occupy the position of a useful citizen in society, and protect him from imposition from the designing and unprincipled. Though none have yet completed the sixyear course, we are satisfied from what has already been done, that at the end of that time, we can send them out into the world with a thorough English education."-7th Annual Report.
1862 "The Trustees thought that on account of the
turbulent times, and also on account of the fact that two of the teachers had enlisted in the Confederate Army, it was best to close the doors of the Institution. All the pupils except two were sent home and a family selected to live in the building to endeavor to protect the property."-9th Annual Report.
1867 "During five years of the late Civil War, the exer-
cises or" the Institution were suspended and were not

FANNIN HALL - 1849 FANNIN HALL 1857

resumed until the first of February, 1867 with eight pupils in attendance which number was gradually increased to twenty-five pupils during the term ending June 27, 1867."-Annual Report.
"During the whole war, although the village was at various times in the hands of the Confederates and then the Federals, the premises escaped without material injury."-10th Annual Report.
An appropriation was made for reopening the school after the war, and a Board of Trustees appointed. W. O. Connor was offered the principalship and Mr. J. S. Davis installed in his old place as teacher."
1868 "All the furniture belonging to the choolrooms.
except the large slates and a few desks in a more or less damaged condition, was removed or destroyed during the war."
"The 5ervices cf Mr. James Fisher, a mute, educated at Hartford, and for about seven years an instructor in the Tennessee Deaf and Dumb Institute, were secured because of the increase in attendance of those entitled to the benefits of the schooL"
"The law in regard to the admi sion of pupils should in my judgment, be amended 0 as to allow all the deaf mutes of the state to enter free."-W. O. Connor, Principal.
"The Board is ready to educate the deaf and dumb among the colored class of our population whenever the Legislature places at their command the necessary means to provide for their education. The Institution was founded long before the abolition of slavery, so of course no provision was made for the education of the colored race."-llth Annual Report.
"At the end of six years, a pupil has really acquired but such use of language a to begin to appreciate the blessings of an education. Georgia should certainly increase the time given a deaf child in school to eight years."-W. O. Connor.
"The spring-house, in which was a bathing apartment, and another for milk, meats, etc., is in such a decayed state as to be almost a nui ance. It should be removed. and a more commodious one erected, with eparate baths for the boys and girls. Bathing at regular intervals is quite essential to health, but for want of proper appliances, it ha been much neglected, especially with the girls. The spring, which is at present accessible to the stock of the village should be walled in."-Principal's Report.
Railroad accommodations will be completed through Cave Spring this year, by which New York or ew Orleans can be reached 12 hours sooner than the travelers from Atlanta or Macon can do."-Principal's Report.
1869 "From Mi s Dorothea L. Dix, whose philanthropy
knows no bounds, we acknowledge ten dollars for the purchase of some memorial."
"There are now fifty-seven pupils and sixteen officet;;. employees and servants, in all amounting to . eventy-three to be fed out of the upport fund. This at $100.00 per head i!< far from being sufficient."
"As the appropriation made by the last session of the Legislature was only $8,000.00, a deficiency of about $4,000.00 was the consequence." - Annual Report

"Pupils of the State or other states, who are not beneficiaries are admitted to all the privileges of the Institution for $175.00 per ."rm; being furnished with boarding, lodging, washing, fuel, lights and incidental expenses of the school room; also tuition and the continual superintendence of health, manners and morals.
1870 "All pupils are furnished shoes from the shop at
the expense of the State."
1871 "The introduction of a gasometer and fixtures that
would give light to the various departments of the building would be an economy as well as a great convenience and less dangerous than the present system of candles and lamps."
"A well arranged system of water works that would amply supply every room in the ouilding, the bath rooms, etc., would add greatly to the convenience of the Institution."
"We have neither a system of drainage nor facilities for bathing, no means of extinguishing fire, no mear. of lighting the building except by candles-of ccurse kerosene i out of the question."
"Among the many things that seem indispensible to an Institution like this is that some provision be made for ho pital purpose. There is no place, in case of contagious disease about the premi es, that the infected could be placed so as to exempt others from contagion. This was severely felt during the prevaience of measles here last winter."-14th Annual Report.
"Resolved that it is the duty of all In titutions for the education of the Deaf and Dumb to provide adequate means of imparting instruction in articulation and lipreading to such cf their pupils as may be able to engage benefit of exercises of thi nature."-Recommendation of Mr. Connor, 1871.
"I urge that a small sum be set aside with which to purchase a few articles with which the students can exercise and that instead of planting turnips or potatoes to be rooted up by the hog or scratched up by the small boy, it (plot of ground) be set apart for a permanent playground."-Mr. Connor, 14th Annual Report, 1871.
"The schola tic year begins the first of September and continue to the last of June. There will be a public examination at the close of each session by the Principal."
"Every pupil is taught some useful employment; hence 11 are required to labor a certain portion of the time."-Terms of Admission, 1871.
1873 "Water i now furnished to every room in the
house, and the kitchen and cooking department with both hot and cold water, bathing conveniences in such places as required, the horse lot, garden, wash house and every place that water is a convenience is at hand.
"The Board of Trustees ha recommended an appropriation of $4,000.00 ;for the erection and suitable site of a building for the purpose of educating deaf mute negroes and $2,000.00 as a support fund to begin with. An eligible and suitable site and building is near the Institution and could be secured at a low rate."

FANNIN HALL Looking S. E. - 1880 GENERAL VIEW - Looking N. E. 1888

1874 "The Legislature has gi en five hundred dollars
fer the purpc e of furnishing facilities to the pupils for l~arning the art of printing. The pupils now have the privilege of learning two trades, shoe-making and print-
ing.

1884 "The uniforms of those who furnish clothing will be
-upplied here at actual cost and bills will be sent the first of January and July, and if not aid promptly, placed in the hands of an officer for collection.-Terms of Admission.

1875 "The new printing dfice has exceeded our expec-
tations. The Cave Spring Enterprise is now published in
our shop."
1877 "An act was passed extending the time allowed
pupils to remain in school to seven years for all and an additional three-year term in certain cases, upon recommendation of the Principal."
1878 "As soon as you think it advisable, a special teacher
of articulation should be provided. It is held by the profession that from one tenth to one fifth of the pupils in every institution of this kind might be successfully taught articulation."-W. O. Connor.
"From 1868 until a regular teacher of articulation was employed, Mr. Connor devoted an hour each day to teaching the principles of speech and lip reading. In 1877 Mrs. Connor conducted a similar class with mark-
ed success." "The department for colored mutes should be put
in operation as soon as possible. The site was purchased year before last but the $1,000.00 appropriated for repair was not sufficient to make the building ready for occupancy."-W. O. Connor.
"We believe the Georgia School is a pioneer in adopting a uniform for the pupils. A uniform of neat and substantial material has been adopted by the Board of Trustees and every pupil must conform to the regulations in this respect."-W. O. Connor.
"All deaf mutes of the State Who are over eight and under twenty-seven, mentally and physically in a condition to receive instruction profitably, and free from any immoral conduct or contagious disease are entitled to all the benefits of the institution free of charge for a term of seven years."-Terms of Admission.
"All pupils are furnished shoes from the shop at the expense of the State."
1879 "The time has probably come when another trade
for the boys could be profitably establi hed. A shop for the manufacture of wagons, buggies and harness, with blacksmith shop attached would enable the boys to learn a trade by which they could make a living."-W. O.
onnor.
1880 "Since the date of our last report we have had the
misfortune to lose, by death, our able a d efficient physician, Dr. James B. Underwood. His place ha been filled by Dr. A. W. Wright.
1882 "The north extension for the use of the principal
and his family has been added to our school building. fhis i in obedience to an Act pa ed by the Legislature in 1877 prescribing that the principal should have his residence in the institution."

1888 "The handsome and commodious school building now
being finished, is one the public should feel proud of, and we feel that we hazarA n,othing in saying that there is not a better building of equal cost in the State." -John H. Dent, President of Board of Trustees.
1890 "A steam laundry and heating plant have been
added and improvements made in the water system."Annual Report.
1894 "The old shop building has been torn away and
a new and handsome shop building erected at a cost of $5,000.00."
1897 "A reliable man has beeu ~.,,!,lOyed as night-watch-
man, at twenty-five dollars a month with board." "Mr. Henry Watts tenders his resignation as teacher.
His place will be temporarily filled by John J. Kilroy, one of the pupils who has finished his ten-year course.
1897 "There are one hundred ana thirty-four pupils in
the white department and forty-nine in the colored."
1898 "I would suggest the installing of a telephone sys-
tem and a magneto clock for checking the night-watchman."-W. O. Connor.
1899 "There is a new baby, a handsome baby too, strong
and manly. It was born at Cave Spring, Georgia on April 4, 1899, and is named "The School Helper." It modestly asks that we make room for it. We do so gladly. In fact we fell in love at first sight, and were we a fairy, we should endow the young one with all those things that good fairies usually give on such occasions. As it is, we sincerely wish the Helper the best of luck and a long and happy life."-The Michigan Mirror.
"A department for the instruction of a class in printing was added to this school one year ago. A number of boys have been taught with most gratifying results."
"One of the largest crowds that ever assembled in Rome is attending the fireman's tournament. One of the unique features of the tournament was the team from the Georgia School for the Deaf. It is the only regularly organized running team of mutes in the United States. They were awarded a handsome silver cup worth $25.00.
"We notice in the school papers that football teams have been organized in several of the schools. Next in order will be items of broken limbs and bruised bodies."
"Mr. Edmund Booth has been invited to attend the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of our school in July of this year. He was one of the two pupils of the Hartford School that Mr. Weld brought to Georgia in



FANNIN HALL - Looking N. W. (Back View) 1890 FANNIrJ HALL - Looking S. E. (Front View) 1890

1 33. By invitation he exhibited these pupils to the House of Representatives of the Georgia Legislature. As a result of the interest excited by this exhibition, the fir t appropriation for the education of the deaf of Georgia was made. Mr. Booth lives in Anamosa, Iowa and may be con idered as having had a hand in laying the foundation of the Georgia School for the Deaf!'-School Helper.
"The sewing department is busy making the new summer uniforms for the pupils. Most of the boys have made new hoe for themselves and all will go home well dres ed and happy."-School Helper.
"Mrs. Elizabeth Minerva Johnson, nee Fannin, died at her home in Talladega, Alabama, July 25, 1 99. Mrs. Johnson's husband was a potent factor in the establishing of the Georgia School for the Deaf, and was called the right arm of Mr. O. P. Fannin, its first principal. Mrs. Johnson served as matron of the school for four years. It was during this time that W. O. Connor, the present principal, began his training as a teacher of the de~f. Her olde t son, Dr. Joseph H. Johnson, established the Alabama Schcol for the Deaf, and was in charge of it until his death when his son wa made principal. Mr. W. S. Johnson, the deaf son of Mrs. John on, has been a teacher in the Alabama School for years."
1900
"Mr. Willie Gibbons, son of Col. W. S. Gibbons, reached here last week and i now preparing himself for a mechanical engineer. he ha", accepted we positIon made vacant by Mr. Frank Glenn."-School Helper
1901
"Boy are given in truction in Printing, Woodworking, Wood-carving, Painting, Shoe Making, Blacksmithing and Gardening."-School Helper.
1904 "It is very de irable that there should be some
rLce arranged for library use. With the expenditure of the legacy of $500.00 left our school for library purposes by Mrs. Ellen G. Fisher, widow of Jas. G. Fisher, who was for nineteen years a faithful teacher in the school, we would have a nucleus for such a library as the chool should have."-W. O. Connor.
1906
"At the first conference of Principals and Superint-ndent~ of American Schools for the Deaf in May, ] 86 held in Washington City, I went on record as favoring the giving of every child that entered a school for the deaf an opportunity to learn to speak and read the lip of others. In the first published report after thi meeting I urged upon the Tru tee the emplcyment of teacher- fer this work and in almo t every sub equent l' ::;ort for twenty years until at last we began with one experience:! teacher. Today we have ten teachers in our Oral Department."-W. O. Connor.
"Our building program con isted in the completion of the Boys' Dormitory and the near completion of the Dining Hall."--Annual Report.
1907 "Dul'ing the year, I have put in four hundred and
ten filling and extracted one hundred and one teeth:' -F. L. Roundtree.

1908 "The Ellen G. Fisher Library was formally organized
and catalogued in June of this year."
"A compulsory education law requiling deaf children to attend school would be a great boon to the deaf children of Georgia. It would bring them to school at a teachable age."- ettie McDaniel Principal.
"Two pupils are preparing for examination at Gallaudet College in Washington."- ettie McDaniel.

1910

~.- ,

"A room is being fitted up a a barber shop and in

this, lessons will be given in barbering and the heads of

the boys kept trimmed."-School Helper.

1911 "The ages of three new pupils were 14, 16, and 21
1'e pectively. It is embanassing to them to be given first grade work and often they fail to return the second year."-Principal's Report
"A much needed improvement has been the changing of the former room used for ironing purposes into an infirmary for girls."

1912 "Miss lell E. Adams, a faithful teacher for several
years, declined re-election and was married in the chool parlor the day after school closed."-Annual Report.
"I recommend the securing of an appropriation for the extension of the Girl' Industrial Building so as to provide for a modem up-to-date kitchen and Cold Storage Plant to co t about $6,000.00."
"In the four years of my connection with the scheol I have not yet found anything un anitary or unclean about the premises of the negro school. This is due to the untiring energy and executive skill in the management of the negro girl together with Maria Gordon's high standard of house keeping."-W. T. McKinney, Physician's Report.

1913 Steam heat and electricity have been extended to
the building for negroes adding very much to the comfort thereof."

1914 "I wish you to call attention to our need for a
Primary Building. A great many of the most progressive school have deemed it the best policy to segregate the primary pupils."- ettie McDaniel, Principal.

1916 "I began my duties on the first of July superseding
my distinguished predeces or."-J. C. Harris. "You were kind enough to confer upon me the
title of Principal Emeritu for life, the highest honor that has ever been bestowed upon any Principal of any school for the deaf in the nited States coupled with the office of Field Agent."-W. O. onnor.
"We have abolished the practice heretofore existing of making shoes for our pupils in our shoe shop, but we still continue the training of boys in repairing shoes." -Principal's Report. 1916
The vi it of Mr. Walker of the Florida School carried with it a much greater significance than merely

G. S. D. General View (Front) - 1893 G. S. D. - General View (Side) 1893

he might learn the methods of teaching the deaf. After the visit of the superintendent of one school to that of another. In the early histOl'y of the Georgia School the grandfather of Mr. Walker came in a carriage to Cave Spring from Cedar Spring, South Carolina in order that some time spent here, he founded the school at Cedar Spring-that schoel which today has his son at the helm and has sent out several grandsons to teach in other schools.-School Helper
A little official and friendly advise, and if you are wise you will li3ten carefully to what I say and abide by it-GET OUT OR GET IN LINE-you have got to do one of these-now take your choice and don't be long about it.-Excerpt from a talk to the officers and em-
ployees by W. e>. Connor.

1917 Our boys have been provided with regulation cadet
uniform3 and are drilled regularly every day.
Dear children of the silent world, mingle your tears with ours on this October day, because one of your noblest bp.nefactors ar:d best friends is gone from among us forever; but mourning places on his bier the sweetest rose of the garden-a fit emblem of the gentle influence Edward Miner Gallaudet shed upon your lives.-W. O. Connor
The pupils are much elated because the Board of Directors l'ecently authorized Principal Harris to provide a moving picture show for the school and the equipment has arrived. -School Helper

(918

.

The sacrifice we are exacting of the noble American

boys who are going to the bloody fields of France for the

lives and liberty of us who stay at home, call us with an

irresistible appeal to support them with our most earnest

efforts in the work we must do at home. -School Helper

1918 Our school has sustained a great loss in the death of
Miss Anna Allen. -School Helper The year 1918 is perhaps the worst year that the
human race has ever experienced. The war which involved U3 and all the other great nations of the world has caused a number of parents 'to withdl'aw many of the oldest children from our school to take the place of the laborers whom the draft had taken. -School Helper

1919 For the first time in twenty years, a governor of
Georgia has made a personal study on the ground of Georgia's School for the education of her deaf children. We were delighted to welcome Governor Hugh M. Dorsey.
-School Helper Mr. John Dutton Wright of the Wright Oral School examined our pupil and his finding3 were that about one third of the pupils could be trained to comprehend language through auricular training.
-Assistant Principal's RePort

1920 It is gratifying to learn that a product of our oral
department, deaf from birth, has entered the Fulton County High Schcol in Atlanta. Her teacher writes that she i doing mo. t creditable work. -Principal's Report

1921 We had in attendance this year 275 pupils - 145

girls and 130 boys. 212 were white and 63 colored. Tbis

is the largest number ever in the history of the school

in one year.

-Principal's Report

The print shop is now so well equipped with lino-

type and presses and the other things which belong to the

modern printer.;;' work that almost all forms of printing

may be done by us and our apprentice printen. -Annual

Report

1923

We mu'st not rest until our school has a hospital and

a primary building.

--. -Annual Report

1925 Dr. James W. Taylor who served as a member of the
Board of Trustees for thirty-three years, and who was a staunch supporter of all measures looking to the progress of the school, passed away on Oct. 15. We deeply mourn his loss.-Annual Report
J ewell Thornton, an eleven-year old nearly blind girl, is receiving instruction with Mrs. Kennard and Miss Harrdl. She reads the lips by placing her thumb on the teacher's lips. Georgia ha no provision for its deaf-blind children 0 we are doing our best to provide a way for Jewell.

1927 During the year there were 299 pupils enrolled-
three more than ever before in the history of the school. 1928

The deaf people of Georgia lost one of their best

friends in the pa sing of William F. Crusselle on June

30. For fifteen years, Mr. Crusselle has been a member

of the Board of Trustees of our school. One of his great

achievements for the deaf was securing an endowment

for the Wesley Memorial Hospital (now Emory) condi-

tioned on the perpetual free use of a ward there by the

deaf people of Georgia. He was also largely responsible

for the Methodist Church of Georgia providing a min-

ister specially for the deaf.

-School Helper.

1929 Death has again taken a lllember of our Board of
Trustees. This time it is Hon. Henry C. Arnall of Newnan, Georgia who for more than twenty years has devoted himself faithfully to our interests and won from all connected with our school the highest admiration and the sincerest gratitude.-School Helper

1929 The Governor has appointed Honorable J. P. Dun-
can, of Perry, Georgia to take the place on our Board of Trustees made vacant by the death of H. C. Arnall. As a member of the last legislature, Mr. Duncan's motion as a member of the Rules Committee placed near the top of the calendar and put to passage a bill appropriating $50,000 for a hospital for our school. -School Helpllr
1931 We missed the happy smile of Mr..WiIlie T. Brown
at the Terminal Station as the trains rolled in bearing the deaf boys and girls on their way to school after their summer vacation. Mr. Brown passed to the Great Beyond on July 4 while attending the conventioJl of the Georgia A'3sociation of the Deaf held in Atlanta. Ml'. Brown attended the Georgia School in the late seventies and for fifty years he was always at the station to greet the pu]>ils on their arrival from or departure to Cave Spr-

FANNIN HALL - Side View (5. E.) - 1893 FANNIN HALL - Side View (5. W.) - 1893

ing. His wife was always with him assisting him in greeting pupils. He was a good example to the whole community of the deaf as a citizen and Chri tian gentleman. -Irby H. Marchman in School Helper.
Our hearts were made sad today when we received the news of the passing of Mr. Connor William Wright who was a faithful and beloved teacher of the deaf children of Georgia for over thirty years. -School Helper
Under a law enacted by the last legislature our Board of Trustees was abolished and our school was placed under the management of a Board of Control to be appointed by the Governor. Our present board have held their last session. They consist of William J. Griffin a member for thirty years; Mr. Peyton M. Hawes
wh~ served for more than thirty years; Fred J. Coolidge,
who has served for fifteen years; Ben H. Hardy; Carden Bunn and J.P. Duncan. -School Helper
1933
We are very glad that Miss Edith Fitzgerald has accepted a position with us for next year. Miss Fitzgerald is the author of Straight Language for the Deaf.
1938 New contracts are being let and the work is starting
on a building, repair and expansion program to cost appl'oximately one-half million dollars. -School Helper
1939 Mr. Irby Marchman, a former student of this school
and an outstanding deaf citizen of Georgia passed away on January 2. He was our loyal and true friend and his great heart went out in sympathy to the school in all our times of stress. He will be greatly missed among his wide circle of friends.-School Helper
The Georgia As ociation of the Deaf long has been making and continues to make compelling appeals which are resounding with remarkable clearness over our broad land. -Superintendent's Corner
1940 Samuel M. Freeman for thirty-eight years a teacher
at the Georgia School for the Deaf died January 9. A great life has ended and a great friend has gone from us.
-School Helper Our school family was saddened by the death of Miss Edith Fitzerald which occurred June 26. She had taught in our school at two different time. She was one of the most remarkable deaf women our profession has even known.
My participation in ceremonies on the occasion of the dedication of the long-sought and much needed improvements at the GeOl'gia School for the Deaf was one of the happiest privileges that have come to me during my administration a Governor.-Governor E. D. Rivers
1941
This issue of the Helper is dedicated to William J. (Bill) McCanless who departed this earthly vale January 14. His very name in Georgia is synonymous with consecrated Scouting.
Oil December' 15 Mrs. Hal'l'iet onnor Steven passed away. Her service to the deaf was invaluable and her faithfulness was without parallel. From her childhood

days until her death, she wa an intimate friend of all the pupils, the faculty and employees of the schoolSchool Helper.
1942 There have been many times in the past when this
school had just cause to take pride the Alumni Association of our school, yet never more than now. Forty deaf persons in Atlanta, wholly incapable of hearing the crash of falling bombs, are none the less eager to serve in civilian defense and are 'p'reparing themselves for whatever emergency the future- m~y bring by attending a class in first aid. Ernest Herron, chairman of the Civilian Defense Committee of the ational Fraternal Society of the Deaf, promoted the organization, and Mrs. Malcom Simmons, official interpreter for the Georgia Division, and a beloved Irlend of the deaf, turn the words of the instructor immediately into signs that every member of the class knows.
1943 Our Home Management Apartment provides our
girls an opportunity for real practice in cooking. planning menus, budgeting, and sewing. A group of girls, three at a time, live in the apartment for six weeks.
1944 For the first time in the history of the school we
are proud possessors of a school bus.
The Georgia School for the Deaf and the Georgia Association of the Deaf dubbed Nov. 18 as "Dr. M. D. Collins' Day". It was due to his. inspirational guidance and far seeing wisdom that our school owes much of its prosperity-School Helper
The Southeastern Association of State Schools for the Deaf, meeting at the Georgia School at Cave Spring, took a second step forward in its program of undertaking to establish tandards by which its group schools may attain an accredited regional rating. A permanent organization was perfected with Dr. Clarence J. Settles, Florida, elected president, Supt. Clayton H. Hollingsworth, Georgia, vice-president and Mrs. H. T. Poore, Tennessee, secretary and treasurer.-School Helper
Supt. C. H. Hollingsworth announced yesterday that the Georgia School for the Deaf has been fully approved as a State accredited High School. This action was taken following a recent study and inspection of the school by W. E. Pafford, State High School Supervisor, ann Dr. J. T. Lance, District Supervisor.
-Rome Jews-Tribune
1945 Ralph White, one of our Georgia boy who is attend-
ing Gallaudet College, ha been honored by being selected among five students to represent the college in "Who's Who Among American Colleges." This is an honor bestowed upon few. Hi friends in Georgia are proud that he has made such an enviable record at Gallaudet.
-Scbool Helper
1946 Dr. O. C. Aderhold augmented his regular staff of
the Education Panel with other nationally known specialists. Dr. W. A. Stumpf, administrative con ultant from Illinois, Mr. S. P. Clemons, building expert from South

FANNIN HALL - 1939 VOCATIONAL BUILDING - 1890

arolina, Dean Irving S. Fusfeld, Gallaudet College, and a corps of pecialists headed by Dr. Eli e H. Martens, Senior Soeciali t in Education of Exceptional Children
flom the 'u. S. Office of Education, were called to Cave
J'J'ing for the final week tudy ef the scientific survey .,J.:d_ of the school. This was the most cemplete and all cut ~;urvey of anyone school at anyone time in the more tha:l fTC hundrrd year' history of the education of the d:\ in An~eri~a. To build on this foundation to the end th t w;) shall have an educational program for deaf chil(/1 en ~e~ond to none in the nation MUST be our goal.
--C. H. Hollingsworth, Superintendent

1947 As we figuratively gaze in the crystal ball and try to
read the future of the education of the deaf in America, the brighte t tar in the firmament, transcending all el e, is the Greater Gallaudet ollege now in the making.
-Superintendent's Co ner, School Helper
1948 At a recent meeting of the Executive Committee of
the Georgia Alumni Association of the Deaf and a group headed by Superintendent Hollingsworth, representing the school, definite plans were ~decioed upon for our Centennial Celebration.-School Helper

OUR SCOUT HUT The memory of
William J. McCanles will ever remain fre h in the hearts of everyone a t the Georgia School for the Deaf.

He is remembered fir t as a scout. One who \Va first to prai e ,lliother's succe s and who wa alway happiest when he saw other happy.

He is remember-

ed econdly as

Sccut Master. It

was througn his

untiring efforts a-

lone that the troop

a t the Georgia

School produced

William J. McCanless

more than its quo-

ta of Eagle Scouts.

William J. MClanle s' dream wa a scout hut-a

h--ilrlirg thd would be the scouts' very own, a place

"'11 re they could work, laugh, play and put into practice

'h~ ide'll~ of scouting. Ee did nrt live to ee hi dr_am come true, but his

;~' hr~. who shared the dream and ideal of his on

r,P-CYi-!-(I the fund f(w the erection of a beautiful hut 'h~ ~-hool p.round . Th; hut is a memorial to William

,T, Mc('anlesG. It is a lovely building with the interiol'

{i"ish('d in pine paneling with a huge fireolace sur-

"'('Illl1ted by a mantle of cedar cut from one huge log.

'T'he (,'fteri-r has an immen e rustic porch across the en-

t',- front. In this ideal setting Boy Scout are g-iven an

o .fort nit. to pattern their lives along the same line

whi~h William J. McCanle patterned his.

11'. Mr anles fir~t tarted handicraft work as a

"art of his cout prCl!'ram. Hi exhibits br ught prai e

f-on crout leader all over the state. When it was found

thrt h- ha the snecial ability to teach craft work and

,i-,nle ~ho work to youngei' boy the idea of :or:!voca-

io-a1 goe-f'ral _hop work for the school wa born. His int-"ec an'! c,thu iacm soon made this a prized department

and r permanent part of the choul.

THE ELLEN G. FISHER LIBRARY
It is to Mrs. Ellen G. Fisher and her munificent gift that we owe the foundation of our library today.
Mrs. Fisher was born in Barn tabl~ County. Ma sachusett . She attended the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Hartford, Connecticut, and wh'le a tudent in thi school. she met her future husband, James Fi her. an Engli hman who had emigrated to America with his family in early c~itdhood. Both ~he and her husband were pupil of Laurent Clerc. who came from France with Thoma Hrpkin Gallaudet and wa one of thp first teach PI'S of the deaf in th<:> United States.
On November 1 , 1 40 Ellen ewcomb wa., married to Jame Fisher. For many years they lived at Harper's Ferry where Mr. Fisher was emoloyed in the government armory. Later they. moved to Richmond, Virginia where he held a pc t in the ::'onfederate Government service. He was one of the few d~af soldier en either side in the War Between the State~.
It wa in 1 67 when th..:! Georgia School W:l r~rpen e1 following the war that James Fisher became a part of our schocl. ntil 18 6 when he wa retired from active ervice, he was a loyal and faithful teacher here.
The late Harriet Connor Stevens remembered Ellen G. Fishel' as one of the bright spots of her childhood. She said, "To me Mr . Fisher wa a real inspiration and nothing made me happier than to slip awa to her room for a vi it. She alway welcomed me with a smile and never seemed too busy to take special interest in the things that concerned me and my childhood likes and di like. Reading wa hoI' favorite recreation and she showed much interest in the deaf children and their reading."
In 1 90, Mr. Fi her died. Mrs. Fisher continued to live in Atlanta whpre they had made their home since leaving the Gporgia School. Thi school was dear to the heart of Ellen Fisher and it wa quite natural and quite like her to remember our library in her will. when she died in 1903.
Mrs. Bayard Wootten, who in her early womanhood taught art in our school, presented the library with a portrait of Mr . Fisher. This i framed in a hand-carved frame, made at the school and hangs in our library and is a constant inspiration.
The name Laurent Clerc and the American School at Hartford trike a responsive chord in the minds and heart. of all Georgians familiar with the early hi tOl'y of the Georgia School for the Deaf. It wa this scholarly deaf Frenchman together with the renowned Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet that directly moulded the pattern of the education of the deaf in Georgi$,!.

LAUNDRY - 1891 VOCATIONAL BUILDING BEFORE ANNEX WAS ADDED - 1894 OLD BARN 1897

FACULTY AND STAFF - 1879 - Front row seated; Dr. A. W. Wright, Hattie Connor, W. O. Connor, Jessie ronncr, 'Irs. W. O. Conner, W. O. Connor, Jr., Mary J. Stoke, Samuel M. Freeman. Baek ro)v standing; William Bailey, Henry S. Morri , Mr . Ellen Fisher, Jame Fisher, James S. Dav] , Miss Bean Summers, Mrs. M. L. Bond, Miss Sally J. Po ey.
TEACHERS AND STUDENT BODY - 1890

1893 - Left to right, John Kilroy, Lucy Bullock, Lillian Turnbull, Claude Russell. Standing: Superintendent W. O. Connor, Mrs. W. O. Connor.
1897 - Connor W. Wright, Henry S. Morris, Sally J. Posey, W. O. Connor, W. O. Connor, Jr., Mis Bean Summers, Dr. J. C. Watts, Mrs. M. L. Bond, Mr. S. M. Freeman, Miss Mary Stokes, Miss Della Harris, John Kilroy, Mi~. Mllry Clark. Miss B. Morgan, Miss Nettie McDaniel, Miss Bertha Mosley.

FACULTY - 1902 - First row: Samuel M. Freeman, Mi ~ Jessie Connor, Mr . W. O. Connor. Second row: Mi s Sally J. Posey, Mis Mary lark, W. O. Connor. Third row: Frank Bright, Miss Della Harris, Miss Annie McErvin, Connor Wright.
FACULTY AND STAFF - 1902 - First row: Mr. ARbury, [1'. Freeman, Mrs. Bond, Mr. Marchman, Mr. Huff, Mr. Kilroy, Mi~s Brown. Second I'OW: Mr. Bright, Miss Pos y, Miss (' n1101', Mis' lark, Supl. Connor Mrs. Connor. Third row: Miss Harris, Mis McErvin, Miss Mosley, Mr. Wright, Mi s Summers. Fourth row: Mr. McKay, Mr. Lanier, 'lr. Pearce, Mr. Morris, Mr. Penny.

FACULTY - 1915 - Fi.rst row: Mr. Carpenter, Mi.s 'ucker, Mrs. Offut, Miss McDaniel, Ml'. Green, Mr. Forrester. Second row: Mr. Grimes, Mr. Cherry, Mrs. Wright, Miss Harris, Miss Perkins, Mi s Geoge Miss Holder, Mr. Baker, Mr. Parris, Mr. Hanson. Fourth row: Mis Ragland, Mi s C. Young, Miss J. Young, Mr. Taylor, Mr. Murphy.
H. C. Stevens, Mis _.l.ily Asbmy, SUj;t J. ::. Hal'.'is, Mis Jeni1i~ \\'ard, l\L . Stella Rupley. Seccnd row: ,liss Lavilla Ward, Mi s Nettie Mc aniel Mi 5 Mary E. McKinney. Miss !lIinnie
Smith, Mis Anna Allen, Mis. May Clark. Third row: Mr. C. W. Wright, Miss Maude arter, Mis Grace Kin ley, Mis Vivian Tilly, Mis Su an orris, Miss Lydia Babcock, Mr. Ware.

FACULTY - 1924 - Seated: Miss Evans, Miss Harrell, Miss McClary, Miss Miller, Mrs. Forbes, Miss McDaniel, Miss Stevens, Mrs. Steven, Miss Hammond. Standing: Supt. Harris, Miss Lawrence, Miss Clark, Miss Griffin, Miss DeBerry, Miss Hudgins, Miss Pearson, Miss Norris, Miss Gibson, Mrs. Overstreet, Mrs: Gibbons, Miss Kate Alcorn, Miss Hicks, Miss Nettie McDaniel.
F ACULTY - 1935 - 1,'rulIt: Supl. Han'is, Mn:l. Kennald. ~'i1'8t ruw Miss Stevells, Miss 'lark, Mrs. StevtHlS, Miss '. Montgomery, Mrs. Gibbon', Mrs. Jones, Mrs. Davenport, Miss Cook, Mi McDel'mcLt, Mi s Curtis, Mis Cain, Mrs. Casey, Miss Brown, Mrs. Barnett. Second row: Mr. Clark, Mr. Smith, Miss Wright, Mrs. Forbes, Mr. Caple, Miss Stonebraker.

FACULTY AND STAFF - 1939 - Fir t row: Mrs. Hollingsworth, Supt. Hollingsworth, Mr. Parks, Mrs. Kennard, Mrs. Stevens, Miss Clark, Mr. Jones, Mr. Woodruff, Miss McDaniel, Mr. Caple. Second row: Mr. Tollef on, Mr. Drake, Mrs. Carpenter, Mis Reynold, Mrs. Parks, Mis McDermott, Mis Ca ey, Miss Wat on, Mr . Clark, Mr. Clark, Mi s Stephens, Mrs. Ware, Mr. Ware, Mr. White. Third row: Mr. Longshore, Mr. Petti, Mrs. Forbes, Mrs. Woodruff, Mr . Sewell, Mr . Montgomery, Mrs. Irwin, Mrs. a ey, Mrs. Longshore, Mrs. Fincher.
1945 - Former Governor Rivers i shown with members of the faculty. Governor River stood with us in building a better school and upheld the foundation of education for the deaf of Georgia.

FACULTY - 1946 - First row: Supt. HoIling worth, Miss McDaniel, Mrs. Welch, Mrs. Tollefson, Miss Latham, Miss Schmidt, Miss Shahan, Miss Clark, Mr. Sewell, Mrs. Highnote, Mrs. Gibbons. Second row: Mr. Ryle Mr. Wade, Mr. Tollefson, Mr. Warren, Mr. Dillard, Mrs. Montgomery, Mr . Fincher, Miss McMichen, Mrs. Jones. Third row: Mr. Cox, Mr. Van ott, fl'. Ware, Mrs. Irwin, Mrs. Minter, Mrs. Kennard, Mrs. Ware, Mr . Turner. Fourth row: Miss Whatley, Mr . Ca ey, Mrs. Shipley, Mr . Wright.
ADMINISTRATION - 1946 Fir trow: Mr. Perry, Mr. Haney, Mrs. Johnson, Miss Ritch, Dr. omlor, Mrs. hapman. Second row Mr . Barnett, Mrs. Griffith, Mi Brown, Mrs. Hendel' on, Mrs. Glenn. Third row: Mrs. Aiken, Mr. Wade, Mrs. Jolly, Mrs. Ingram.

BASKETBALL TEAM - 1917 - ora Radish, Annie Mae Ackridge, Miss Clark, Opal Mitchell, Janie Tucker. Middle row: Inez Haynes, Gwen Robinson, Alva Ware, J en nie Jordan, Edna Flanders, Georgia Kilgcre. Back 1'0 IV : Annie Pedrick, Jessie Horn, Dovie Kilgore, Floy Goolsby, Eunice Moore, Eunice Jones.
l
BASEBALL TEAM - 1906 - Holl Willingham, Gt!orge Ha -Iell. Jost!ph eat. Dick Asuury, Helll'y MUl'l'is, J~IlIt'S Dunnahoo, Leonard Mills Jesse Roger, Isaac Coleman, Fred Hart, Mr. S. M. Freeman.

BASKETBALL TEAM - 1925 - Miss May Clark, Louise Hitchcock, Mae Spurlin Ada Jackson, Virgie Lovvorn, Back row: Frances Connor, Eunice Barrett, Vera Kelly, Sara Fincher.
FOOTBALL - 1945 - First row: Sharpton, Murphy, Singleterry, Turner, Love, Collins, elson. Second row: Holman, Harrell, Highfield, Mock, B. Smith, Baker. Thil'd row: Whittle, R. Dukes, orris, Byrd, H. Hawkins. Fourth row: Coach Van Cott, Calloway, M. Harrell, Adams, Gorman, Peace (manager).

Pauline Skipper, Lizzie Boyd, ellie Prator, Verlie Adams George Griffith, James Dunnahoo, Henry McCord, Worth Tate FIRE DRILL TEAM

CLASS IN MANUAL DEPARTMENT. 1899 C. W. WRIGHT. TEACHER
CLASS IN HANDICRAFT AND MECHANICAL DRAWING MISS MAY CLARK TEACHER

CLASS IN ORAL DEPARTMENT - 1899 MISS MARY CLARK - TEACHER
CLASS IN SPEECH READING - 1917 MISS NETTIE McDANIEL - TEACHER

Reunion of E;2.7

From Rome ew -Tribune of September, 1927.
The l'Cunion of the adult deaf of Geo:-gia at th~ chool in Cave Spring ept. 2-6 was an occasion of great happiness. Thi \Va" the second reunion in the history of the chool, the last one having been held in 1899 celebrating the fiftieth anniver ary of the in titution. The late W. O. Connor was then superintendent of the school. All officials then connected with the school have either retired or have died since the reunion. One hundred and twenty-five registered before the reunion closed.
Among the enteliainments for the vi itor was a reception given by Superintendent and Mrs. J. C. Harris. The Reverend and Mrs. S. M. Freeman, Mrs. M. M. Simmon and Miss Annie McDaniel received the guests. The second day wa" given over to sports and a barbecue. A moving picture "Wolve of the Air" completed Saturday' program. Sunday morning the visitors attended chapel service conducted by the Reverend S. M. Freeman. The ermon wa conducted in the sign language.

Monday the final day of the reunion, a business meeting wa.; held. It was announced that the late Miss R. E. Suml"ers had ~on:lted fifty dollars to be used in making a mem ! ial to her and that Mrs. McCanle s of Canton, Ga. had donated one hundred dollars for a memorial to her daughter.
Since the last reunion in 1899, three of the best il iends of the Georgia School for the Deaf have died, 1'.11' . M. L. Bond, W. O. Connor and Miss R. E. Summers. For many years they labored for the welfare of the school and the happiness of the boy and girls who attended. 1'.11' . Bond was matron at the school for a quarter of a centurr and Mr. Connor and Miss Summer gave gav ever fifty years of their lives in the service of the deaf.
m g the "'istinguished visitors was the Reverend II'. - ','i1 on of exu" who preached an interesting sermOn Sund, y night. Miss Eva McGinnis, Mrs. Wade H. Davis and 1 T. A. - Y ill:ngham assisted with the song service.

HISTORY IN THE MAKING
Officials of the Georgia As ociation of the Deaf and of the Parents and Friends Association of the Georgia School for the Deaf join blind Representative Oliver Mixon of Ocilla, Georgia in witnessing Governor Arnall sign the bill (February 8, 1943) that placed the Academy for the Blind and the Georgia School for the Deaf under the Administrative control of the State Department of Education. This represents the successful culmination of a long fight sparked by the organized deaf of the State in affecting this change in the administration of these two State schools.
Those appearing in the picture are, tanding left to right: Howard P. Sturgis, Secretary of the Georgia Association of the Deaf; Oliver Mixon, blind representative in the Legislature; Ernest C. Herron. member of the Board of Directors of the Georgia A ociation of the Deaf; William J. Scott, President of this Association. Seated Mrs. Wayne H. Keaton, Pre ident of the Parents and Friends A sociation and Honorable Ellis Arnall, Governor of Georgia.

THANK YOU GOVERNOR

ER EST HERRON

O February witne3s the

8th, 1943 passing o

it was my f another

good for milestone

tune to in the

r~

comme citizen

ndation and the

and grateful thanks parents of children in

of every deaf the school.

rteady forward m.arch o.f the Georgia Deaf.

A few people l1lc1udl1lg Mrs.. Wayne H .. ~eaton, Pre~idcnt of the Parents and Fnends Assoc~a~lOn of the Georgia School for the I?eaf, M~ ~llham J. Scott, President of the SJeorgla AssoCIation of t~e Deaf. Mr. Howar? Stur~ls, Secr~tary of. the ASSOClation, Representative MIXO~, bhnd legislator from Irwin County a~d ~he wnter were present on the

occasion of the slgnl1lg by Gove-mor Arnall of the

law removing the School for the Deaf and the School

for the Blind from the Department oJ Public Wel-

fare to the Department of Education, where they

ly belong

Droper..

.

!h.ls move has been advocated by the Georgia As~oClatlOn of the Deaf for m~ny yea.rs and had enJoyed the support of past admlll1stratlOns but ~or. one reason or another .had nev~r actually matenalIzed q~verno.r Arnall. I1l speak.lng to. a group. of deaf

cItizens III Atlanta before hiS electIOn. promised that

tbe School for the Deaf would be put under the

Department of Education if he were elected. His

promptness in carrying out this promise deserves the

Putting the school under the Department of Education marks one ~mote step forward in the advance

of the deaf toward their rightful place in the world,

as capable, well-educated, selfi-supporting citizens

who ask nothing more than the same opportunitie

given to other citizens. It is a far cry from the day

when the deaf were looked upon as objects of pity

and sent to asylums for the *"Deaf and Dumb."

As

we

watched

the

Governor

place

~l.S

. signature

on

the ac~ of the General Assembly makl1lg t?e law an

actuality, I thought of some of those old timers who

fought so long and hard for the advancement of the

Georgia deaf and the school, of the Reverend Samuel Freeman, Irby Marchman, Authur Willingham and

others long since gone to their reward. I thought how

much they would have enjoyed the scene could they

have been present. and I know they would have

done as we did. gripped the hand of our good friend

Ellis Arnall and voiced a fervent. "Thank you

G v mor."

0e

(*Obsolete term, its use frowned upon by the deaf.)

FIVE YEARS LATER
\Vhen the above message of thanks was written in ) 943 we could only surmise the benefits that would accrue from placing the school under control of the Department of Education.
Each passing year gives fresh evidence of the wisdom of Georgia's pioneering step ahead in the education of the deaf. We have never had better friends than the State Board of Education and its Superintendent, that grand fellow Dr. M. D. Collins.
Other states are now following Georgia's lead. ER EST C. HERRO

Ground Breaking for New Buildings

ThE: ground breaking ceremony officially ushered in a new era. In the following article written in January 1939, Mrs. Harriet Connor Stevens brought to the reader something of what transpired on that day.
A GREAT DAY "Today has been a r::d letter day at the Geo~'gia Schoel for the Deaf. Everybody in Cave Spring is bubbling over with happiness and only smiles are seen on all sides. After a period of neglect extending over ::;everal decades the handicapped deaf children of Georgia are at long last coming- into their own. Engineers, officers, pupils, and friend all gathered on the campus at ten o'clock thi morning and initiated the greatest building program in the history o(th~ Geor gia School. The program will include four buildings as follows: a primary unit, a girls' dormitory, an auditorium and gymnasium and a new building for the department for negroes. The exercises, though extremely imple, were most impres ive bringing tears of joy to the eyes of many who after waiting so long could ee long cheri hed dreams coming true at last. Mrs. Marie Kennard, head of the primary department, gave a new shovel gorgeously decked in green and gold-the school colors-to little Lorraine Kicklighter,

one of our smallest primary pu;:ils, so tiny in fact, that ~he found it difficult to lift the shovel which she handed to Representative J. Scott Davis, Chairman of the Floyd County Board of Education. Representative Davis with tears in this eyes took the shcv'o!l and broke ground for the new building plan. As he shoveled the dirt, he was thinking of the long past and of his father, the late Jame Scott Davis, who gave so many year of d'?vcted service to the chool. Mr. Davis turned the shovel over to H. S. Gibboney, the P. W. A. engineer in charge, who accepted it an'd with it the great responsibility of the ta k before him. Engineer Gibboney passed the shovel to Walter Wade, a member of the graduating class of 1939. The pade' handle will be etched with the names of Superintendent Hollingsworth, President Roosevelt, Governor Rivers and the engineers and contractors and the implement will be preserved for future generations as a treasured relic.
To Governor Rivers who has done so much to help this program along to a succes ful ending we extend our great appreciation.
The members of the Georgia As ociation of the Deaf may now re t from their long labors and know that their most cherished wishes have been gratified at last."
-H. C. S.

STAFF 1948 Fir~t rcw: Supt. Holling5worth, 1\1's Ritch, Miss Fox, Dr. Cennor, Mrs. David, Mrs. Perry, Mrs. ath:'~(ln. 1I1-~. Griffith, Mr. "aple. Second row: Mrs. :-hapman, Mi s Cauthen, Mrs. Johnson, Mrs. Caple, ~Ls. Jclly, 1\1:rs. Crow2, Mr. Henderson. Third row: Mr. Tumlin, Mr. Van Cotto
CANDID SHOTS

Basic Principles of the Georgia School for the Deaf

The Georgia School for the Deaf is a part of the speech demands a great deal of individual instruction,

public school system of the state. It is a non-sectarian and progress is less rapid. than in learning to read the

educational institution, operated under the authority of lips. Speech reading is a decided asset to a deaf child

the state for the benefit of the deaf and hard of hearing and is started the first day of school. Skill is acquired

children who are both mentally and physically able to through constant and continuous practice, and progress

profit by school attendance. Separate schools are operat- is usually rapid. The great aim in language development

ed for white children and colored children. Pupils live in is to give the child the language he must have to express

the school during the school term which ordinarily runs his needs and feelings, and to pass on to others his

from September to June. Children, between the ages of 6 and 21 may attend
the school if they are too deaf to profit by instruction in the regular public schools. They must be of sound mind

tboughts and ideas about what he has done and hopes to do. Language is a problem of the first magnitude for the deaf and it is often hard for them to understand fine distinctions that are simple to those who hear.

and physically able to attend school. Children who are

The school now has four multiple hearing aids and

feeble-minded or who have speech defects without loss of every child who is taught orally is also given instruc-

hearing are not eligible.

tion in the development of residual hearing.

The school is free. Parents or guardians are expect-

After a thorough trial for several years, children

ed to furnish only simple clothing and transportation.

who do not have the ability to read the lips are taught

The aim of the school is to give the deaf child a silently. The main difference in the methods is that more

means of communication, to educate him to the best of writing is used in the silent classes and communication

his ability, to equip him with a trade and a means of liveli- is by pad and pencil rather than by speech and speech

hood, and to make him a useful and self-supporting mem- reading.

ber of his community. If given the proper opportunities

The children are grouped in classes averaging from

and facilities, deaf children can develop into efficient. ten to twelve pupils each. Due to the great amount of in-

intelligent citizens, capable of taking their places in the dividual work required for speech development, eight is

communities in which they live.

considered the ideal number.

The education of the deaf is the most difficult of alI

Instruction in the subjects commonly taught in

phases of special education because of the language and public schools is given after the foundation has been

speech barriers. Deaf children vary greatly in their abili- laid in the primary department. Pupils who show an apti..

ties, degrees of deafness, and attainments.

t::lde for speech and speech reading are taught orally (by

From an educational point of view, there are three speech and speech reading). F'or those pupils who are un-

main types of deafness. The largest and most difficult able to make satisfactory progress in the mastery of

group to educate are those who were born deaf or who speech and speech reading, classes are conducted by

became deaf at an early age and have no establi hed means of writing and the manual alphabet (finger spell-

speech or language habits. Usually a child in this group ing). Vocational education in a variety of trades and oc-

does not even know that he has a name or that people cupations is provided for both boys and girls. Religious

communicate by means of peech. He has no vocabulary instruction of a non-sectarian nature is offered on Sun-

or understanding of language and is about five years days and the older children enjoy the privilege of attend-

behind his hearing brother. Approximately three years of ing services at the local churches. Recreation and activi-

preparatory work are necessary befol'e he is able to enter ties are provided through a well-balanced athletic and

the first grade. In the second group are those who have physical education program, movies, clubs, and extra-

lost their hearing after speech and language habits have curricular activities of all kinds. Manners, morals and

been definitely established. The child who loses his hear- character training playa great part in the school pro-

ing during adolescence creates a great problem for he gram as we have the childl'en twent.y-four hours a day

realizes the seriousness of his loss. nnd an normous for nine months of the year. The entire program aims

social and psychological adjustment is necessary. The to develop the deaf child so that he will be a happy, third group is composed of those whose hearing sense, self-suppcrting and useful member of normal ~ociety

although impaired, is sufficient to acquire languagt! after his graduation. College preparatory work is offered

through the ear or with a hearing aid.

to promising students who desire it.

On entering school the deaf child spends approxi-

The school has a staff"of capable employees, includ-

mately five years in the primary department, where he ing a trained faculty, especially prepared in the subjects

receives instruction in speech, spee<:h reading and lan- and trades which they teach. Matrons and supervisors

guage. Speech instruction begins with the teachinj?; of the have charge of the children in the dormitories and on

elementnry English sound, and combining them into th playground and attend to their needs in a sym-

syllables, words, phrases, and sentences. Training in pathetic and parental manner. Well-balanced and care-

fully prepared meal are served at regular hOUlS. A thorough physical check is kept on each child under the direction of a capable doctor and registered nurse. The school has its own hospital which cares for any ordinary illnesses among the students.
A carefully-planned social program rounds out the school life of the child and fosters its development in the ame way that an orderly home promotes the welfare of
the normal child. Looking toward the future the Georgia School for
the Deaf is combining every effort toward an enlarged hearing aid program with funds for research and experimentation in the use of individual as well as group hearing aids, equipment and means for a more extensive home management program and an expanded school plant with adequate auditorium and gymnasium facilities.
For the promotion of all state-aided schools for the deaf the Georgia School sponsors the following platform:
1. Improved recognition as educational institutions with control in the hands of educational boards.

2. Sectional and national associations with accrediting authorities and approved measuring rods and standards suited to each association, terminating in the highest requirements for membership in a national association for lIchools for the deaf.
3. A greater Gallaudet College serving the interests of all the states with special emphasis on research findings openly arrived at and freely disseminated in promoting the educational interests of all the schools.
4. A full utilization of services that can be rendered by the U. S. Office of Edu~ation in keeping with the spirit and purpose of its creation.
5. Federal equalization aid for education that will guarantee equal opportunities for deaf boys and girls in all states.
6. Utilization of a full time state Field Agent and Placement Officer (or both) to locate and enroll deaf children in the State Schools for the Deaf and to work with the Department in job placement and vocational rehabilitation of ex-pupils and graduates.

FACULTY Shahan, Miss

1948 - Fir trow: Supt. Holling worth, Latham, Mr . Tollefson, Mrs. Fincher,

MMriss. ~

Kennard, Mrs. Gibbon, Mrs. Highnote Mrs. Clark, Mr. Caple. Second row: Mr. Dillard,

Casey, Mis_ Mi s Forbes,

Miss Arnold, Miss McMichen, Mrs. Irwin, Mrs. Minter, Mrs. Jones, Mrs. Forbes, Mrs. Montgomery, Miss McDaniel. Third

row: Mr. Ware, Mr. White, Mrs. Wright, Miss Chapman, Mrs. Turner, Mr. Tollefson Miss Casey, Mr. Ryle, Ml's.

Glenn, Mr. Hodges.

ADVANCED AND INTERMEDIATE STUDENT BODY. 1948 PRIMARY STUDENT BODY. 1948

GEORGE MARION VAUGHA "Red Head"
President of Senior Class NEWNAN

ALTOI REVIS HOLMA
UReb"
CAVE SPRING

WILLIAM LAWRE CE ADAMS "Bill"
Treasurer of Senior Class JEFFERSON

GEORGIA BELLE HARGROVE "Belle"
Secretary of Senior Class PERKINS

CLARENCE DAVID HIGHFIELD "Sleepy"
Vice-President of Senior Clas GAl ESVILLE

BETTY SUE BRAN 0 "Kitty"
McDONOUGH

INFORMAL POSES OF THE SENIORS

School Life

Church Groups
BAPTIST SILENT BIBLE CLASS METHODIST SILENT BIBLE CLASS

School Organizations
BOY SCOUTS GIRL SCOUTS

FOOTBALL - 1947-First row: John Harrell, Jack allaway, Raymond Baker, Captain John Mock, Tom Byrd, George Vaughan, Roscoe Dukes. Second row: Eugene Whittle, W. C. Wooten, Billy Hayes, Bud Little, Bobby Gorman, Herbert White. Third row Manager Billy A1ams Ray Potts, James Clements, Ben Goodwin, Thomas Rucker, Ralph Gentry, Coach Daniel Van Cott, Bob Pennington.
Coach Daniel Van Cott
BASKETBALL - 1948-First row: Eugene Whittle, Tom Byrd, aptain Herbert White, Jack Callaway, Bud Little. Second row: James Hattrich, James Clements, Roscoe Dukes, Ray Potts, Billy Hayes. Back row: Coach Daniel Van Cott, Manager John Mock.

Appreciation

This, the Centennial issue of The School Helper. is truly a product of team work. Your Centennial Publishing Committee desire to express their appreciation and gratitude to everyone who has in any capacity played on the team.
In this issue some errors perhaps will appe::H, some importJnt events perhaps have been overlooked, some dates may not be ~xact and some names may have been omitted or misspelled. The Publishing Committee will appreciate any corrections.

Centennial Publishing Committee

Clayton H. Hollingsworth
Ernest C. Herron
Howard Sturgis
William J. Scott E t~ben D. Ward
John L. Caple

Marie S. Kennard
Olaf L. Tollefson
Katharine Casey Mary P. Turner Daniel Van Cott

GIRLS' PHYSICAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES

Home Life

Outside Activities

Friends on Primary Hill

The School for Negroes

Our Town

"There is no place on earth more beautiful than Cave Spring, a lovely village which is the site of Georgia's School for the Deaf. Van's Valley, which holds this gem of nature, is as nearly perfect in its beauty as the far-famed Yosemite Valley of California is in it grandeur.
Cave Spring derives its name from an immense cave in the floor of which runs a stream that becomes a spring as it issues from the foot of a very high treecovered hill. Thus we have a cave-spring.
ear by this cave ,and spring is a grove of veteran oaks which shade several acre'3 of land. The charm' of ~his combination of wonderful cave and crystal spring .ind noble grove was so great to the eariy settlers of Van's Valley that it became the center of their community life. On the edge of the grove nearest the big spring. they built their first church, and on the opposite edge of the grove, they established their first school. ow as th:n, this grove i one of nature's rural retreats where still is heard the song of bird and the bark of squirrels. Now as then, in this grove which for the early settlers wa a mo t delightful meeting place, we see winding 'valk and roadways that attract the present generation.
The earliest settlers here, those who took the first land grants from the state, cut down the veteran trees of the forest and made the first homes in Van's Valley, began arriving about 182~ome years before the

Cherokee Indians were dispo ses ed of their holdings and carried to the territory assigned them beyond the Mississippi.
Flowing through the town is a beautiful stream known as "Little Cedar." This creek is a thing of beauty as it winds its way through and around the town, here and there spanned by a bridge on which one may stand and hear the murmuring stream or see the weeping willows along its course.
The high hills shelter this beautiful village from the storms and give to the valley their soil, thus making it very fertile. Seen from one of the hilltops that make so noble a frame for this masterpiece of nature, Van's Valley seems most of the year to have a carpet of green on which are seen pretty home, churches and business buildings, on both sides of the avenues of giant tree. Winding roads and sparkling stream.> complete the picture of one of God's garden spots. Here nature has lavished her favors and man has built a town that provides every requirement of health and happiness-J. C. Harris.
For over one hundred years Cave Spring ha been the home of the deaf children of Georgia and to each one, it is truly, "Our Town."
"There is not in this wide world a Valley so sweet As this vale in whose bosom the bright water. meet. 0, the last rays of feeling and life will depart
E're the bloom of thi.> Valley will fade from their heart."

School Roll

1848 - 1948

1846 T. L. Jordan, Covington. Murdock McDuffie. Pulaski Co.
Thomas Mims. Thomasville
Elmira C. Pugh Simpson Matthews. L:'Lfayette Marcus Raiford. Hamilton Mary Jane Berry, McDonough Mary McLeod, Montgomery Co. M. McLeod, Montgomery .Co. George L. Birdsong, Ame~lCus Elizabeth Birdsong, Amerlc':ls Martha S. Birdsong, Americus
Sara Blizzard, Milledgeville
Jane White. Covington
William Beall James D. Wright, Wilkes Co. John W. Hoge, Cave Spr!ng Mary F. Hoge, Cave Sprmg

Angeline Prior. Cedartown

1848 C. Canender. Cass Station

1849 Elvira A. Henderson
William W. Jones

John McVey John A. Keener, Texas Samuel T. Potts. Mississippi Hampton P. Potts, Mississippi
Lucius A. Prior, Cedartown

1850 Thomas D. Johnson, Sparta

Martha Powell

.

J. W. Jernigan, Fort Games

James Winchester John N. Wright, Greensboro
Martha M. Keys, Lafayette. John J. Lovelady, Clarkesville

1851 Mary M. Chappell, Newnan Nancy A. Chappell, Newnan Frances A. Freeman, Alabama
John F. Gray, Carrollton R. S. Johnson. Covington Jane Johnson. Covington

E. Johnson. Covington . Margaret F. Jones, Frankhn
M. E. Moore, Alabama I. N. Potts, Mississippi Julia C. Payne, Lafayette Hugh Warren, Alabama

1852 Mary H. Armor. Greensboro

John W. Chappell, Newnan George W. Heard, Flovilla
Ellen S. Heard, Flovilla Catherine A. Heard. Flovilla W. S. Johnson. Cave Spring K. L. Moise, Charleston, S. C.

William Perkins Noah Radford. Valdosta

William J. Allen

1853

.

William Caldwell, Summerville

Otis P. Cornett, Madison . Louisa E. Davis. Lawrencevl1le Sara E. Davis, Lawrencevil~e Rachel E. Davis. LawrenceVIlle S. M. Heard, Indian Spr!ng
Martha A. Kellar, Lumpkm Wesley Kellar, Lumpkin Elizabeth J. King. Tw'iggs Co.
John L. Ray, Heard Co. Amanda Ray, Heard Co. George T. Ray, Heard Co. Joseph A. Stewart, Alabama Margaret Tidmore, Alabama

1855 B. F. Kennedy, Cave Spring M. A. Chappell, Newnan

Joshua Davi2. Russellville M. J. Harris, Meriwether Co.
James H. Job. Cave Spring John B. Job, Cave Spring Ann C. Job, Cave Spring Geo. C. Lowe, Alabama Henry V. Owens, Alabama
Laura Owens. Alabama Joseph R. White. Buford
Geo. P. Ward. Alabama Mary J. White
1856 James D. Dickerson
1857 C. A. Herrington, Screven Co.
1858 Martin Van B. Jones. Ringgold
William D. Oates John H. Payne, Floyd Co. Thomas J. Payne, Floyd Co. William M. Payne. Floyd Co. M. Louisa Davis, Taylor Co.
Mary Melissa Davis, Taylor Co.
1859 Phoebe Davis. Lawrenceville Milton Davis. Lawrenceville Susan E. Gaines. Cassville William B. Lathrop. Augusta
Robert Barnes, Heard Co. Mary E. Tony, Alabama Irby Bachelor, Eatonton R. A. Quarterman, Liberty C'l.
Laura A. Scott, Sylvania Emily 'Bishop
Adrain Ellis. Newnan Jacque Ellis, Newnan
Jasper Walker. Houston Co. James H. Shaw, Augusta Wiley Shaw, Augusta Charles Davis, Monroe Daniel W. Adams. Lee Co. Mary "Whitesides, Warrenton John Henry Martin, Clay Co. Zachary Taylor Wood. Albany
Frances M. Aaron, Savannah Mary Jane Bennett, Savannah
Joseph White, Hall Co. M. Ann Robertson, Calhoun Rachael Wilson. Lafayette
Frances M. Skelton. Hartwell Earl Bridges, Augusta Tyre Aycock, Covington Sara Jane Posey, Cassville James Carlock, Walker Co.
1860 Samuel Avery, Covington Louis Wilkinson, Dade Co. Rebecca Smith, Toomsboro William Monk, Montgomery Co.
William Franklin. Calhoun David Samuel Payne, Coosa T. H. Lindley Milledgeville Louisa E. Norman, Goshen Susan Jane Plunkett, Conyers Mary E. Thurman. Griffin
Vincent Abrams. Rome
1861 James Martin Ford. Columbus Sara E. Herndon. Macon William E. Taylor, Coosaville William Bailey, Americus
1867 Daniel W. Adams, Americus Savannah Kemp, Cobb Co. Pamelia Barkley, Unionville Emily Bishop. Cave Spring James C. Black, Athens John D. Burks, Jonesboro F. B. Burgsteiner, Guyton Oti P. Cornett, Madison

Joshua J. Davis, Russellville Abner Davis, Russellville Chas. McD. Davis. Russellville Maggie Dodd. Pinson's Store Wm. Fincher. Atlanta Wm. B. Franklin, Calhoun Susan E. Gaines, Manassa Mary W. Heard. Newton R. F. Heard. Indian Spring Eliza J. HiIl, Elijay W. H. Holland, Harmony Grove Lucinda Hudgins, Hogansville Selamia F. Lloyd, FayetteviIle
Susan J. Moon, Paola Henry S. Morris, Kingston Nannie L. Morris, Kingston
Stiles Phillips, Cave Spring James S. Price, Jasper A. Rembeck, (Institution) Geo. W. Ray, State Line Wade H. Ray, State Line
Sara H. Sloan, Smithville Georgia A. Speer, Americus Martha A. Tate, Jasper Laura E. Templeton, Euharlee
Jasper M. Walker PowersviIle John M. Wimpee, Rome
1869
J. M. Buxton, Quitman Elisha Castleberry, Auraria
Barthella Darden, Bartlett Mary M. Davis, Knoxville Martha L. Davis, KnoxviIle
Gertrude Dickerson, Cave Spr. Martha Dodson, Jasper Emma W. Edwards. Crawford John R. Jennings. Smithville E. A. Jennings, Smithville James C. Jones, Stone Mountaill Mary A. Jones, Stone MountAin Wm. R. Jones, Stone Mountain Eliza A. M. Jones, Cairo Gilley Kemp, Acworth Savannah Kemp, Acworth
Virginia Kerutz, Macon Archelaus P. Moon, Paola Louis A. Palmer. Dalton John R. Reeves, Knoxville Geo. W. Simpson, Alpharetta Mary A. Smith, Paola M. A. Smith, Teloga Spring
Mary A. Stokes. Savannah James L. Stokes, Savannah G. W. Walker, Stone Mountain
C. E. Worrel, Cave Spring
1870
Wm. J. Allen, Ellaville Nevada L. Dunn. Lavonia
Sallie McLead. Smithville Bartow J. Nix, Ophiz
Jas B. Owens. Dalton Louis A. Palmer, Dalton Jarrard I. Stokes, Savannah Martha J. Tootle, Reidsville George H. Tootle. Reidsville
1871
Geo. W. Brown, Atlanta Geo. W. Carlyle, Hog Mountain Mary J. Hogan, Hazlehurst Beulah Holsomback, Ringgold Mary F. Love, Atlanta Mary A. Mynatt, Dalton Clayton H. Tootle, Reidsville
Wm. A. West, Alpharetta
1872 Meekey F. Bozeman, Jasper Mary W. Coursey, Van Wert Mil ton Davis, Lawrenceville Margery A. Evans, Ogeechee John H. Fitt , Madison Spring

Louisa S. Frierson, Atlanta Rebecca Smith, Dublin
Henry F. Taylor, Camilla Sara J. Taylor, CamiIla M. A. Williamson, Cave Spring
S. J. Williamson, Cave Spring E. E. WiIliamson, Cave Spring Joseph R. White. Buford
1873
q. W. Carlyle, Flowery Branch
Homer Tootle, Reidsville Ida C. Wright, State Line E. L. Young, Flowery Branch
1874
S. B. Ambrose, Lawrenceville Virgil H. Bell, Waynesboro
Thos. J. J. Bowen, Salt Springs E. C. Duncan, Andersonville A. J. Holland, Harmony Grove R. Pendergrass, Salt Spring
Jas. D. Shannon. Whitesburgh John D. Tucker, Cave Spring Jess Tucker, Cave Spring
1875
Wm. H. Bailey, Covington John H. Bailey, Covington
Robt. Brackenridge, Danielsville Wm. T. Bragg. Sylvania Wm. T. Brown. Macon
John W. Bullock. Monroe James Cail, Ogeechee Victoria Daniels, Dublin Susan Hulsey, Emorysville Lovella Jackson, Spring Place Wm. H. Jones. Atlanta Wm. T. Owens, Plains of Dura Jas. H. Shaw. Belair John L. Stephens, Rockmart Solomon Tucker, Cave Spring Eliza C. Varner. Monroe John J. Ward, Douglas M. A. Williams. Barnesville
1876
Geo. W. Brown, Villa Rica Minnie B. Burge, Macon Mary C. English, PowersviIle
Nancy J. Highfield. Rome Dolly M. Highfield, Rome C. C. Mullinax, Clarksville
Melissa Phillips. Cave Spring Josephine Reed, Madison Ismael Reed, Madison John O. Waldron, Florida Mary J. Wiley, Bellton Lydia C. Wiley, Bellton
1877 Harriet Ingraham, Adairsville Geo. D. Morgan, West Point G. W. Pirkle, Flowery Branch
Ida V. Young. Calhoun B. F. Townsend, Calhoun
John W. Austin, Euharlee Ida V. Davis, Bollingbroke
Ethel A. Echols, Atlanta Noah L. Ellis, Yellow River Ella Groom. Atlanta Jas. Kirkland, Kirkland Th03. McGovern, Gully Branch R. A. McEwen, Salt Springs
Virginia Steele. Cherokee Mills Ava J. Vickers, Willacoochee
1879 Marshall E. Taylor, Lagrange John J. Anderson, Elberton John W. Austin, Euharlee
eelie Bean. Forsyth Howard C. Elliott, Clinton Geo. D. Fitzg-erald, Savannah Harrison W. Horton, Suwanee Leander D. Keys, Lithonia

Teresa Lambert. Atlanta Early McCook. Au~usta Jack V. Panel, Atlanta . W. C. Perkins, Crawford~vllle Mattie Rector, CarterSVille Moses Simmons, Valdosta
Clarence Stillwell, Rome M. E. Traylor, Troup. Factory

Rachel E. Taylor, Camilla . Oscar E. Trimble, East POint

1880 Alice V. Davis. Rockmart. Adam A. Jenes, Ray's Mill M. C. Marchman, Long Str~et Matthew D. imms, Moultrie

Isaac A. Moore, Bowman A. C. Richey, Harmony Grove
Emma P. Rogers, Sparta Agnes B. Wall. Colum.bus William F. Wocdall. hnton Ida Young, Flowery Branch. G. W. Highfield, Cave Spring

1881 Di a A. Akins, Choestoe Manning M. Cox. Kennesaw Robert H. Do tel', Lexington W. H. Doughtery, Ea~tma~ D. W. Dunnegan, Gamesvllle

Corn lia L. Fincher. Rome Moses A. Harp, Quitman M. C. Holland, Harmony Grove
Philip C. Jones. Waynesboro

Sara D. Kemp, Leary

.

Maggie K. Magill, MJlledgevlll'l

Edward J. Malone. Atlanta Mary E. Raiden, Stephens Joseph L. Roach, Holly Spring

Albert H. Sessoms, Graham Patrick C. Sheridan. Macon Eva J. Squires, Dalton Albert E. Stansell. Conyers Mary E. Stallings, Whigham ',1. A. 1hompson, Gainesville Lillian Turnbull, Tugalo

Ida Bell Rutledge

1882 Imogen Duggan, Campbelltown
Alice B. Davis, Maynard William Davis, Maynard W. L. Dunnegan, Gainesville Robert F. Young, Atlanta Oscar Henny. Summerville Robert Lee Gowett, Can-ollton Parthena Mullens, Dalton Lucy Bulloch, Jefferson B. H. Ryals, South ewport Robert Van, Acworth Ella Caroline Hunt, Suwanee
Samuel Elliott. Macon Wm. Henry Sicord, Bainbridge Mattie C. Wil on, Powellsville
Joshua B. Davis, Bollingbroke . W. Dudley, Cave Spring

1885 Robert G. Dudley, Cave Spring

Ulysses G. Wright. Bowdon Wylie Morgan Barber, Macon V. Vandevestyne, Thomasville Geo. R. Stallings, Whigham Claudius J. Russell, Turin R. H. Steele, Reeves Station
Della Eudora McCord, Cataula Julia Augusta McCord, Cataula Lorie Lee Frazier. Americus Lee Harper Felker, Monroe Ida Carolyn Shaw, Belair Robert F. Power, Carrollton
Ellen Bunny Power, Carrollton George Hampton Hamis, Resac~ Annie Elliott, Macon John Kilroy. Savannah Myrtle W. Morris, Cave Spring E. L. Webb, Harmony Grove George T. William, Acworth Tho . A. Wooten. Griffin

J. W. Aiken, Flowery Branch Irby W. Marchman, Cochran Honry Neal McCord. Cataula Amelia G. Welborn. Rutledie
1888 Clifton Se sions, Monroe Minnie L. Matthew, Dalton Mary Alice Garner. Esom Hill Connie E. Turnell, Palmetto Salli2 Stallings. Climax Polk Brady, TyTy Martha Pritchett, Spring Place
1889 Mary Bell Long, Pendergrass
ellie Bolster, Augusta Mary Zella Howell, Waterville
Cleo Richey, Phidetta Walter H. Christian. Guyton Laurie B. Trawick, Cedartown Christopher J. Mills, Plainville Chas. H. Evans, Powder Springs
Levi Sylvester Lee, Sellers . Alice Strickland. Raccoon Mills
Geo. W. Clack, Bethlehem Daniel F. Clack, Bethlehem Marietta Shiry, Hogansville
1890 Fey Catie Smith. Fairburn Tillman H. Pearce, Cedartown Jame K. Duffel, Danielsville
J hn P. Walker, Winston Montie ~aomi Moss. Mapleton Mellie A. Collins, Jackson Jame3 J. Dunr.ahoo. Athens Spear Faulkner. Gainesville . Georgia Geodson, Tunnell HIli Clinton A. Hagood, Canton
Vercey Jones, Meansville Walter , . Meynardie, Albany
Fleyd H. Proctor. Canton Delila E. Stallings, Climax Essa C. Wood. Lyerly Howard E. Whitely, Cedartown
Heward K. McCord. Tifton John F. Kraner, Savannah
Wm. Nichols, Landers
1891 Rufus G. Edwards, Cave Spring
William C. Morris, Jackson
Sallie T. Edwards, Elberton Lillian Ryals, Macon Lucy Mae Phillips, Atlanta Bessie Duran Marks, Conyers Lottie Swords. Atlanta Lulu Burch McCord, Cataula lary Poole. Covington Lulu May Head, Rome Luney F. Frazier, Huntington
1892 ,iltie Ford, Oakland Dock Dunn. Marietta Stella R. Brazier, Barnesville J chn Ellis Brazier, Barnesville \, l11i= Ellington, Cave Spring
ensie Hays. Gaine ville Charles L. Pedrick, Savannah Juanita Gatewood, Columbus William D. Duncan, Bellton Flora A. Erney, Woodstock
1893 Dewitt Crews. Race Pond Martha Griffin, Senoia
'lidOI'd Griffin, Fayetteville Charles M. Collins. Jackson Valley Brazier, Barnesville William A. Ownby, Gaine villE' Ed Lumpkin Smith, Comer Elmer Chappel, Buchanan Alice L. Swink, icholson Daisy A. Swink. icholson John W. Stallings, Whigham Mas ener L. Linsey, Calhoun G rtrude Knox, Menlo Nancy A. Pollock, Camilul France M. Pollock, Camilla

1894
Charles E. McGarity, McDonough
Ida D. Dupree, Acworth Adam A. Drose, Waycross Samuel E. Drose. Waycross Sara Virginia Martin. Macon Warren A. Willingham, Bogart Carrie Elizzie Boyd, Fairburn Bessie Annie Brock, Pelham Grorge T. Chappell, Can-oIlton John S. Goodwin. Atlanta Lela M. Maddox, Jack on Jam3 J. Windham. Reynolds Henry S. Morris, Jr.,
Cave Spring Byron S. Whitehead, Hamilton C. Gord:n Monroe, Buchanan Robert A. Chambers. Homer Bessie M. Thompson, Columbus James W. Thompson, Columbus Alex Y. Thompson, Cclumbus Eliza Harris, Odessa
William D. Donald, Hamilton
1895
Annie Bessie Arnall, Senoia Luther H. Merong, Cedartown Mary Effie Potts. ewnan George L. Tippins, Surrency Arthur Chambers, Lula H. M. Darrcott, Flowery Branch John H. orris, Gainesville R. ivers, Stone Mountain Lulu C. Simpson, Gaine3ville Enoch R. Strickland, Fairburn Martha Tyson, Cave Spring
M. L. WihlOn, Ball Ground J. P. Vallace, Flowery Branch Leon M. Bland, Frick Lisha J. Howard, Moultrie
Lucy Ann Howard, Moultrie Ore tes Darnell, Talking Rock Gooley A. Lovell, Clarkesville
Iowa r. Lovell. Clarkesville
Altha A. Lovell, Clarkesville B urnetta Lovell, Clarkesville Joseph Allen eal, J a'3per
1896
Kitty Smith, Macon Utoveland Davis, Valdosta Anna West Allen, Gainesville r lIe Anderson. Richland James Guerry Bishop, Dawson Lucille Jackson. Atlanta Jes ie G. LocJ-ett, Dawson Lillie Mae Mealor, Rome Lillie Ann \1oore, Canton H. L. Reynolds, Montezuma James M. Stallings, Whigham
Sallie Strickland, Fairburn Flora J. Wilson, Atlanta W. M. Woodside, Atlanta Genia M. Brock, Adairsville Pearl A. Feutrall, Augusta
Martha E. Pendley, Model Hill
1897 Joe D. Matthews, Cordele Edward McNab. Dalton Annie N. Mosley, Cave Spring Frederick W. Burgess, Atlanta John F. Dawson, Lavonia Grace Forbes. Royston Dewitt King, Toccoa Wesley Rains, Buford Ralph T. Rogers, Cass Station Jessey B. Rogers, Adairsville Edelka Strickland. Fairburn Ellcott B. Young, Stevens [homas M. Holbrook, Canton Wnlter J. Taylor, Buena Vista S. M. Taylor, Buena Vista
Emma C. Rogers, Cordele C. M. Tucker, Harmony Grove Della M. Brogdon, Rome E. B. Robertson, Gabbettville

Bonnie Barber, Iron City David M. Payne, Taylorsville Levi H. Payne, Taylorsville Annie McDaniel, Waverly Hall
Neah F. Stokes, Hoboken Benjamin F. Swalley, Folsom
1898 Eddie H. Goddard, Reynolds Ella E. Smith, Oostanaula John R. Davidson. DeBruce Emma L. Delong, Dunwoody Mamie L. Freeman, icholson Mary E. Hart, Savannah Frederick J. Hal't, Savannah Julia Long, Bellville Homer Mussellwhite, Tinia 1 ellie G. Prater, Gainesville William R. Smith, Sylvania Effie B. Swain, Reeves Station Worth Tate, Strickland
essie Walker, Lithonia B. B. Whitfield, Harmony Grove Herbert Williams, Covington Ira Wilson, Martin
ancy Ella Wilson, Calhoun David L. Weaver. Dublin Pauline Skipper, Skipperton Elbert E. Smith, Calhoun James Wesley Cail, Dover Annie LaUJ;ie Cail. Dover Verlie A. Adamson. Jonesboro Brownlow Smith Davis, Elijay
J eS3ie Harrison, Rome Leonard Mills, Tunnel Hill
1899 Elias Henry Elrod. Canton Lillie May Chappell, Bremen
Lillian S. Cole, Hayston May Onie Cole. Hayston Susie Daniel, Montezuma Minnie H. Dewald, Marietta Bessie Lovelace Drake, Comer M. L. Gordan, Walthonville HO'ward a h, Decatur Dalie L. Hardy, Ingleside Eliza Harrell, Chauncey "-ancy Harrell, Chauncey Hiram . Howard, Moultrie Madge Howard, Lithonia
Leonard Hults, Fitzgel'ald Jessie B. Martin, Carrollton ./alter H. Mills, Rome Lela G. Hardy, Martin Hattie Irene Parsons, Duluth Lela earl Reeves, Palmetto
fellie M. Rice, Powder Spring
Hallie May Smith, Cave Spring Henry E. Strickland, Fairburn M. L. Whiteside, Graysville Lula Q. Whittemore, Atlanta Dora Jane Baker, Resaca Ollie lola Merritt, Buford William C. Hodges, Atlanta E. Wilson, Bartow, Florida Florence Cochran, Dawsonville Maude Bishop, Cox Letcher C. Garland, Tennille Isaac W. Coleman, Millen Howitt E. Morgan, Jefferson
1900 H. W. Willingham, Stateham Robert L. Cross, Talking Rock John R. Gardner, Locust Grove Nancy N. Gordon, Walthonville Maggie May Howard, Moultrie William M. Howard, Bremen
William Jordan, Moultrie Stephen Knapp, Waco Bertha Inez Lovvorn, Mt. Zion Samuel A. Morris, Flovilla B. Wallace, Flowery Branch William H. Willingham, Macen Joseph P. Shaw, Walthonville James S. Lawson, Hahira Effie May McCrary, Atlanta

Newton Byce, Lavonia

Johnnie F. Flynn, Augusta

Ruth Julett Boynton, Pelham

1901

Lester G. McCord, Cataula

James G. Beman, Moultrie

James T. Brockman, Atlanta

Lee F. Doss, Canton

Scriven Douglass, Sessons

Mary E. Duvall, orth arolina

Robert H. Freeman, Gainesville

George A. McKinney, Augusta

Henry Grady Moore, Conley

Wesley R. Payne. Cave Spring

Raymond Rich, Jenkin burg

Katie B. Robbin, Tallulah Falls

Liza Smith, Atlanta

Callie Stener. Flintstonp-

Melvin Weil, Savannah

Verdie I abel Tallent, Menlo

Widan Wilson, Reidsville

Ollie Cochran, Adair ville

M. E. Morgan, Cave Spring

1902

-

Robert H. Bartlett, Atlanta

Mary J. Vaughan, Blue Ridge

OscaY' Watson, Clarkesville

George H. Haskett, orcross

Eulalia W. Hyde, argent

Robert Allen Dodd, Mt. Airy

Pharis B. Warnock, State bol'o

Grover C. Pope, Sylve tel'

Leon M. Pope, Sylvester

L. W. Reynolds, Carrollton
o car M. Freeman. Lagrange

Sarah B. Florence, Marietta

George J. Benton, Jenkin burg

Irene Abby Weaver, Montro e

Je e Rigdon Ware, Sargent

Thomas Alvin War~. Sarg-ent

Harry Connor. Cartersville

Ray J. Terry, Fitzgerald

Annie Irene Ivey, Thomson

1903

Lee Peace, Cave Spring

.Iarne Douglass, Baxley

Etta Mae Flint, Washington

George W. Griffith, Columbus

Stella Schwartzberg, Atlanta

Harry Phillips, Lithonia

Thomas E. Payne, Cobbtown

Henry Grady Reeves, Palmetto

Ettie Low McCollough, Senoia

Willie W. Highnote, Richland

Frank W. Skelton, Cornelia

Thomas H. Wilson, Powells

1904

Oliver Clinton Horne, Blakely

Beula Viola Murray, Screven

harles C. Lee, Augusta

Lydia Douglass, Beach

Mary Douglass, Beach

. E. Brown, Tallapoosa

Hazel F. Pedrick, Savannah

Meoney smiller, Rossville

Dixie Fernside. Ousley

Lena Kendricks. Petoria

Katie S. Beasley, Stilesboro

G. L. Fincher, McDonough

Sallie Davis. Offerman

Anna Bell Adams, Sylvania

Margie N. Weaver, Atlanta

Era Caroline McGinnis, Duluth

Marcus Doyle Gentry, elson

Alva E. Ware, Sargent

Eunice .Iones, Dalton

Robert L. Watts, Kenne aw

Ethel May Johnson, Lyerly

1905

Au. tin William, Cedartown

.Iessie Lee Cody, Lafayette

James Cody, Lafayette

George E. Wet, Baconton

Claude C. Adam, Rochelle

John Peter Barker, Atlanta

William N. Bruce, Polk City Mary Lou Chandler, Commerce R. H. Chappeleau, Matthews 'ancy A. Faulkner, Jackson Hoyt Freeman, Nicholson Eunice L. Johnson, Griffin Hamilton P. Lester, Statesboro Ella Matthews, Mount Vernon Opal Mitchell, Sunnyside Isaac ash Murdock, Lindale Leola Pope, Doerun William C. Richardson, Atlanta William S. Weaver, Montrose Frank L. Wikle, Passover Mattie R. larlin, Brunswick W. H. McWherter, Stephens
1906 William H. Alexander, Conyers ~arah Frances Baldwin, Macon Will Cobb Boynton, Pelham Kovine Chappeleau, Matthews Melvin Craft, Augusta Lewi Craft, Augusta Bernice May Ingram, Forsyth Tommie S. Jordon, Guyton Jennie Lou JOY'don, Pelham Mary Marthy Lord, Towns Clarenc L. Looney, Royston Bennie F. Mills, Mt. Vernon Rubye Owen, Jasper Annie F. Pedrick, Savannah John Ludwell Price. Atlanta Joshua 'Todd Jr., Neal Orlen Weldon Stitt, Lagrange M. Irene Wade. Coley' Station Charlie Ellis, Fitzgerald Thomas F. Evans. Macon George H. Ewing, Bollingbroke
Lizzie Meek, ichols Herman John Brown, Atlanta
Willie Byers, Decatur Nellie:'happeleau, Matthew Anna Rosie Corry, Siloam Charles . Gatewocd, Columbu Patrick H. Kelley, Vienna Katherine McCanless, Canton Charlie Montfort, Green bol'o Lillie H. Strickland, Atlanta L. O. Thur ton Jenkinsburg Eugenia Westcott, Atlanta Connor WiIlingham, Statham Fannie M. Woodall, Trion .I ennie Belle Tucker. Barnett Thomas J. Spurlin, Blairsville Joseph A. Spurlin, BlairsviIle Mellie D. Cannon, Flaxton
1908 Frank Key Strickland, Shipley Elna W. Flanders, Brunswick Tempia Gallimore. Fish Roy Adamson. Jonesboro James Robert Bankston, Dublin Emma Jane Bankston, Dublin Frederick E. Erown, Macon John WiIlie Cail, Rocky Ford W. Claude Ca ey, Calhoun Eddie ook, Roswell Inez Frazier, Vip.nTlM Fannie L. Garmon, Duluth
ettie LiIlian Gay, Atlanta M. Florence Giles, Ashburn
athan A. Gordon. Atlanta Robert Harris, Bristol Clara Hester, Scott Jame McClure, Chickamauga Mary McClure, Chickamauga Wallace McClure Chickamauga Ed M. forgan, Cave Spring Sarah S. Price, Lyons .T. Davis Tyson, Hazlehurst Harlow Clarke ash, Eastman Solcmon Wade, Augusta James Hick Belk, Eton
1909 Walter E. alhoun, Arlington

William T. Dillard, Chatsworth Arthur Graham, Broxton .Tohn W. Huff, Milledgeville C~loma Hulsey, Lula Willie Hur t, Marietta Dollie Lee McGee, Thomson Earl Washington, Cedartown John Simeon Webb, Clem Floy Ruby Goolsey, Iron City Henry C. Kilgore, Adairsville Dov~ L. Kilgore, Adairsville Harry Adkins, Marietta Lester Samples, Buford Georgia Kilgore, Adail'sville .Iosey Inez Haynes, Roopville
ellie Gassage, Dalton Pierce Crort, Woodstock
1910 lifford Davi ,Steven Pottery Frederick Dixon, Savannah S. P. Florence, Washington William Otis Haire, Undine John arl Henck, Scottdale Gracie Viola Hicks, Comer .I essie B. Horne, Edis. n John P. Kendrick, ew Holland William J. McCanless, Canto .. Claude MichIe, Lagrange Myrtle Stockton. Comm~rce George Young, Ocilla Marvin Young Ocilla Jame" E. McKenzie. Swainsboro) George C. Dance, Eatonton
1911 Rc bert G. Robert on. W ~llston Kate R. Ashworth, Lafa ette John T. Elliott, Jr. Savannah ~ellie E. Franklin, Clarkesville rflary Lou Garman. orcros Agnes Henington. G.raham.
ellie May Kin!;. WhIt'" Plaws Robert B. Kirksey, Reynolds P. L. McKoy, SaundersviIle Helen Mendelson. Rome Noah M. Raddish, edartown William E. Reeder. Dalton Gwendolyn Robinson. Buford Floyd Smith, Commerce Thelma D. Swain, Adair ville Janie Young, Ocilla Robert r. Hitchcock, Dallas Lucy Sell:ton. Canton
1912 W. P. Cochran, Senoia Anna May Akridge. Sale City Frank Roy Sturgis, Bolton Frank E. Bartlett, Atlanta Sarah E. Bond, Dewey Rose Diamond Effie Brett, Lagrange Axie Coker, Pelham Lucille Crumbley, Locust Grove
-r homas B. Elli.s, Ochlochne;!
Rufus C. Freeman, icholson Hardy M. Giles, Fort Valley Robert B. Giles, Fort Valley Monti C. Horton, Armuchee Iva Mag Moreland, Albany John William Parker, Ambro e Alice Parker, Ambrcse Warren T. Rentz, Adel Toombs Rosser, Commerce Von ice M. Thur ton. Jackson Mabel . Wright. Lincolnton Jewell Yates, Atlanta Daisy Pearl Bruton, Daisy -II. Standridge, Tenne ee
1913 Virgie Lovvorn, Waco Harvard Smith, West Point Randolph R. Meeks. Grantvill'! Henry Melvin Ryals, Douglas George V. Howell, Cave Spring H. E. Hammontree, Ball Ground Ada Jackson, Grayson G. G. Je,hnson Lawrenceville

Mary E. Jones, Lithonia
Emmalie Moore, Armuchee Eula Moore, Blakely
Annie Lou Wallace. Dp-catur Ruy Walraven, Curryville
.Iohn Adams Winyard, Augus' a Felix C. Woodall. Toomsboro Lilli ~ May Petty, Do",run Doran Chambers. Jonesboro Edgar Stern Culver, Augusta George R. Wood, Milhaven Lonnie Howard, Milham
Mary E. Barrow, Cave Spring Henrietta Layfield, Macon
1914
Emmet McLendon, Dalla John B. Alford, Woodbury
Maggie Adams, ordele
Reuben Bottom , William :n Ruth Bowen, ollin
Myrtice Childs, Macon
Mary E telle ooper, Comel' 1 I.i<l 2uny, Milltown
ammie Dupree, Macon Hubert Elrod, Thomasville Dewey G. Garmon, D1!luth
.Iohn Paul Gravett, orcross George S. Hammontree,
Ball Ground
u ie Ivester. Marietta lary Elizabe'th Ivey. Aug-usta
Geolgia Alene .I ne , Tifton liftord . Lowe. _ ugusta
Estelle Ic1 air, Wr",ns Alma Rice, Lafayette
Horace B. aunder'. Atlanta Violet Talbert. Augu5ta
Beni'lmin R. Tuck"'r. Moultrie Fred R. Whartenby. Columbus Della .I on~s, Roswell Hiram Davis McElroy, Bcgart
1915 .John ('arI Abrams, Rome
.Ioseph I. Bntoni. Elberton Rachel M. Capps, Atlanta 7elb Garmon. orcro s Grace Henderson. Gill viII", Julia Belle Jenkin, Columbu Padil fred Jones, Mana sa
. era Lesli'! Kelly. Vienna Mattie Lou Kidd. Bowman George WaltEr Lane. Griffin Lillie May Lackey, Conyers Zallie T. McGlomony, Jakin
ullen Mobl~.y. Whi~ham Ruby Moore, Milltown Adelene Powell, Dillard
James F. Ponder, Grantville Lillie BelIe Ryle, Savannah Emery Lloyd Seymore. Tignall Mack W. Sheppard, Atlanta Mary Agnes Smith. Atlanh Fay E. Sperrin. Ball r-,om I
Lollie M. Spurlin, Arnold ville Lottie Strickland. Moultrie Shade R. Weathers, AUl:\"u ta Wilma Hargatt, Columbu Ev~rett Ryle, Gordon C'lyde A. orri, Rex Carl M~esner. Savannah Ellen Irene Wood. Milhaven Minnie Higgenbothen, Athen Hanson H. Maddrx, L~grange
. C. Summerlin. Willacoochee Be~si~ f)ra WarcL Hawkir Yill", Johnnie C. Stewart, Charing
J 9] 6
William H. Silvey. Wash in ton Annie Bell Whitten. Griffin Dan _ . R' berts. Daw on
Perry Mercer, Berlin Sarah Jenkins. Sumner Roy F. Gibbey, ('ave Sp:ing
Eva Camub II. Atlanta Annie M'- Crook, Washington

Belma Runnell Dial, Conyer. Leon Fetner Field, Macon Ruth L. Fortson, Washin~on Janie Hendrickll, Waverly Han Doulrlau Hitchcock, Deveraux Alva L. Hitchcock. Devereaux
Edith May Halloway, Waco Paul R. Huff, Colleg;e Park Sallie Bell Kelly, Gordon Annie L. Moore, Armuchee Mattie S. Slater, Metter Wylie C. Gartman, Columbus Clara May Chambers. Canton Horace Minton, Mount Vernon
Frances E. Connor. Monroe
1917 Earnest J. Johnson, Savannah Blakely Freeman, Berner Carl A. Knowles, Roanoke Razzie Robinson, Homerville Ephriam S. Prince, Morg;anton
Brooks Smith, Metter Cornelia Sellers, Cairo Thomas Bridges Smith, Newnan
Adelaide Thomas, Atlanta
Bertha Wilson. Savannah Howard Vaughn, Maxey Lucile Morrison, Milledgeville
Peter Harden, Baxley Albert Morgan, Naylor Alice Morgan, aylor Nellie Hammock, Experiment Clifford Belk, Fitz~erald Rupert L. Cooper, Athens Virgil R. Cothran, Cave Spring
Carrie Bell Arnold. Lake Park Melvin L. Cowart, Cartersville Earnest L. Phillips, Fort"Valley
Collie Sweet. Hapeville Jonathan Aldridge, Buchanan May E. Hood, Alpharetta
James H. Harrison. Atlanta
1918 George Cartier, Jr., Savannah Hiriam J. Cowart. Cartersville
J. B. Cumbie. Climax Willie May Enfin~er, Brinston Thomas C. Freeman, Dallas Eliza Jane Hunt. Fayettevillle
Ida Lee Harrell. Lizella John Lewis Lee, Metter Anna Kate Lovelace, Early
Clara Lawson. Avalon E. V. Lawson, Avalon
Alice Holt, Willacoochee Earl F. McClure, Tennessee Maxine Morris, Atlanta Lucile Nesmith, Statesboro Emma C. Petway, Pineview
1919
Lester P. Richardson.- Baxley William P. Rodgers, Cooledge
Thomas Earl Scott, Lake Park Winfried Smith, Glennville William R. Tucker, Jackson Alma A. Barrow. Cave Spring Rubye M. Brock, Atlanta Agnes L. Buskin, White Plains
Annie F. Culpepper, Cusseta Wesley W. Dean, Fitzgerald Maudie Dunn, Ringgold Hugh T. Dubberley. Glennville
Lucile Beatrice Folds. Ambrose William B. Gordie, Barnesville James H. Stephenson. Lafayette
Emma Hill, Bowdon Edward L. Holstin, Americus
Robert Lee Jordan, Arlington Thomas R. Johneon, Middleton Darrell F. Jonell, Chatsworth William Henry Knight, Atlanta
Preeton A. Lodge, Pelham
Willie J. Martin, Toomsboro W. W. Morgan, Lithia Spring
Benna Helen Neese, Atlanta

Joaeph Otis Neal, Aug;usta Wm. Q. Peacock. Ashburn Nellie Parker, Ambrose Elli. E. Simpson, GainesTille Sallie Reese, Trenton Lucy Loui&e Spivey, Atlanta Morrill Stephens. AdairllTm. Edward Veal. Oconee E-iteben Davis Ward. Cordele Lucien H. Whipple. Doulrlas
1920 John Murray Anderson, Lyons
Euzella Burrell, Young Harria Everett Bearden. Epworth Norma R. Barrett. Comer Mary Fred Barnett, Atlanta
Ida Bertie Conkle, Griffin Pearline Crawford, Tallapoo.. Edna Crawford, Tallapooaa Frank Etheredge, Manaasall
Edna May Garner. Atlanta C. R. Hutcheson, Rockmart Reynold Lour. Statesboro Nancy J. McGouirk, Douglas
Sophie M. Nichols. Cave Spring
Nettie L. Morris, Waycross Randolph Poole, Oconee Elwood Everett Reese, Atlanta
Davis C. Rhinehardt. Stilesboro Lillie May Sharpton. Dacula
Rachel A. Soles, Ambrose Bernice Lee Sikes, Dacula Mary Baughn Word. Buchanan
Mildred Wilder. Pelham George Lester Watson, Griffin Ora Janet West, Fairburn Larry D. Williams. Pearson
1921
Ollie Brown, Elderendo Ruth Brannen, Jessup Elma Burch, Harlem Russell Martin Dent, Fitzgerald
ellie EasQ.n, Newnan Roy Forsyth, McDonou~h Irene Fuqua, Taylorsville Cora Lee Fuqua. Taylorsville Josephine Holliday, Lumpkin Charles F. Holbrook, Cumming
Myrtle Herrin6rton, Graham Beckie Herrington, Graham ?aul A. Johnson. Cass Station
Hoke Kidd, Corner Betsie Lisenby, Ocilla Lollie Lewis, Hawkinsville Zammie May Lanier, Moultrie
Susie A. Millsap, Columbus Arthur Millard Nix, Montezuma
Charlie Parker. Ambrose Wilson Roberts. Ocilla Minnie Lee Sikes. Claxton Annie B. Strickland, Waycro!lll Jency M. Strickland, Waycross
Martha Susan Sewell, Tifton
Jesse Sutton. Macon Grady Lee Stewart, Pearson Willie Pearl Spence, Pelham Joseph Horace Taylor, Atlanta
Alvin Webb, Canton Angeline Wehucamp, Macon
1922 P. F. Hammonds, Cartersvilk
Louise Anna Barfield. Chula Sarah Evelyn Bohler, Marietta Henry Stering Doyle, Zeigler
Daisy J. Fite. Resaca J. D. Garmon. Duluth
elson W. Harper, Washington
Edna O. Herrington, Baxley Joe Jabberly, LaiTange John W. Jafferies. Duluth
orman JohnllOn, Bainbridie Catherine N. Kelly. Buchanan Annie MendelllOn, Rome
Fred Mock, Stateeboro William D. Rape, McDonough

MaTo Robinson. Willacoollhee Vera Marie Scott, Roswell

Zachariall Wright. Lincolnton Roselle Weiner. Camilla

WUl Jeff Scott, Statesboro Ed~ar F. Thornton. Elberton

Nettie Weiner. Camilla

Audrey Turnage, Donalsonville

QladYIl Lee White, Eastman

Bruce Taylor, Millen

1823

i~ah J. Thornton, Canton

l!arT8Y LH Carter, Richland Dori& F. Wiggam, Bainbridge

Loui.lle Avant, Deepetep

Walter Hoopa Wade, Cobb

Loui.se Bradshaw. Au~.ta

Myra York, Rome

Marie Bolling, Eastonollee

1926

Cora Lee Barwick, Cairo

Emma Beasley, Screven

Gladys M. Barr9w, Waco

Ora Lee Burnam, Douglas

Cicero J. Bates, Woolsey

Lora M. Barfield, Swainsboro

M. Crumbley, Locust Grove

Aldene Buford, Hazlehurst

Leslie C. Dillard. Chatswortl)~ ,David L. Cushman. Augusta

Flora May DeLoach, Adel

Sybil Louise Cook, Augusta

Louise W. Greene, Thomasville Emmet C. Clark, Blackshear

Mar~aret Jane Hogshead, Lula Thelma L. Echols, Corsicana

Edna A. Hughes, Roswell

Mary F. Evans, Matthews

Evelyn E. Hargrove, Portal

Viola B. Frisbee, Pembroke

Florrie May Joiner, Fort Valley Lucile Hadley, Hamilton

Claude N. Jeffari~s, Woodstock Jack Hitchcock, Devereaux

Clinton King, Thomasville

Mildred Johnson, Whitesburg

1924

Ruth Ledbetter, Chattahoochee

Nellie E. Kicklighter, Claxton Pauline C. Lee, Macon

Samuel Kicklighter, Claxton Dovard L. Lockhart, Columbus

Mary E. Mitchell, Augusta

Nannie Agnes Lee, Clinchfield

Ardie F. Robinson, Lithonia

Pauline Livingston, Leslie

Julia A. Spivey, Hardwick

R. C. Jackson, Montezuma

Sam J. Turner, Eastonollee

A. A. Jeffaries, Cave Spring

James B. Turner, Dawson

Arnold T. Jones, Cave Spring

Christine Upchurch, Bowdon Fostelle Kennedy. Reidsville

Talmadge W. Hanson. Decatur Fred Ernest Miller, Haddock

Joe Lewis Bunn, Griffin

Merdith Mullis, Fitzgerald

James Sidney Beck, Macon

Louise Maynard, Winder

Vera Ruth Dean, Toccoa

Dorothy E. Neal, Augusta

Lester Emmett, Buford

J essie Lou Puckett, Dacula

Cluis Woodrow Holder, Juliette Mary Gladys Puckett, Dacula

Geneva Huggins, Roswell

Jessie A. Randolph, Blythe

Joe Kirkland, Nichols

Walter R. Sellers, Baxley

~ester Morrison, Whigham

Walter Reynolds Smith, Rome

Leo Mock, Rocky Ford

Charles Thompson, Augusta

Mollie McDonald, Fitzgerald

Elaine Willard, Lawrenceville

Ray Manning, Atlanta

Orris J. Warren, Abbeville

Eloise Redd, Augusta Jessie Lou Rylee, Maysville

Wayne UpchurchJ Bowdon William F. Yeomans, Valdosta

Watson C. Rylee, Maysville

Peter Harden, Atlanta

Lawrence Reese, Trenton

Louise Caudell, Homer

Lamar Screws, Midville

1927

Otis Sisk, Toccoa

Sharon Acherson, Atlanta

Julius Clyde Walters, Cooledge Willie Trawick, Macon

1925

Orris Randolph, Blythe

Walter S. Bowen, Collins

Nellie Southall, Atlanta

Sibyl L. Burgess, Alpharetta

William Massey, Bronwood

Edith Burkner. Macon

Estelle Thompson, Augusta

Sadie Boyd, Washington

Teddy Waters, Savannah

Irene Browning, Alamo

Ruth Bailey, Pitts

Sabia Burke, Millen

Frances Risner, Atlanta

Carrie Wade Burke, Millen

Nellie Hiers, Atlanta

Ruth E. Burgess, Glenwood

Harold Tucker, Macon

James P. Bellflower. Acworth Gladys Parker, Toomsboro

Daisy Lee Cagle, Norwood

Edna West, Ashburn

James L. Clements, Hartley

Ollie Williamson, Sylvania

H. C. Castleberry, Cumming Myrtice Vauhgan, Hawkinsville

Vera May Cooper, Gore

Earnest Herron, Atlanta

Cuylar B. Dryden, Tifton

George Cannon, Austelle

F. P. Drake, Jr. Decatur

Myrtle Stephens, Decatur

Robert Flanders. Stillmore

Frankie Baxley, Baxley

Lester Flanders. Stillmore

Leonard Barrow, Waco

Howard E. Hartsfield. Atlanta Doris Herrin, Waycross

Furman S. Joy, Atlanta

Lona Holland, WaycroSll

Lucius M. Jones. Atlanta

Mary Lee, Statesboro

Lili Beverly Kemp, Newnan

George Mock, Rocky Ford

Vera King, Oakman

Dorothy Neal, Augusta

Horner Lee Leggett, Moultrie

1928

Annie Maud Logan, Athens

Grover Poindexter, Odom

Joe Rankin Lane, Jr., Rome

Ruth Wilson, Cornelia

Dr. Tannar Moore, Kingston

Irene Fulghum, Cordele

Laura P. McAlpin, Atlanta

Idell Rentz, Baxley

Hoke H. Matthewe, Colbert

Ralph Ponder, Greenville

James H. Overall. Roswell.

Sandy Clement, Atlanta

Ota Ray Powell, Wayerol!l

Jamel Brooks, Marietta

Charlie M. Pipkins, Milan

Horner Gilleon, Atlanta

Brainard H. Owenby, Wayeros Martin Connor, Atlanta

Clara lone Smith, Toccoa

Louise Holland, Lyons

Ella May Haley, Cordele M. Scurlock, Chickamauga Daniel Deaton, Rome Earl Rogers, Autreyville Tessie Rogers, Autreyville Carl Hadaway, Atlanta Rolin Hulsey, Lawrenceville Leona Dutton, Lawrenceville M. Culpepper, Lawrenceville
Edgar Jones, Atlanta Leroy Garner, Rockmart Claude Eaton, Jasper Harris Upton, Atlanta Howard Sturgis, Atlanta Pauline Carter, Surrency Doris Haines, Madi on Arnold Bustin, White Plains Fred Buchanan, Dacula Woodrow Wilson, Stapleton
1929 Pauline Adkins, Macon Ivie Kicklighter, Claxton Hale Hester, Monroe Douglas Shaffer, Quitman Esther Poole, Columbus Mattie Shaffer, Quitman Robert Shaffer, Quitman Herbert Selph, Helena Cecil White, Hazlehurst Margaret Heidt, Thunderbolt
Mabel Lee, Barwick Ethel Pope, Mableton Wilma Whaley, Ocilla Hatten Gibbs, Atlanta Susie Taylor, Mystic Mary Taylor, Mystic Horace Johnson, Rome Cecil Youngblood, Toomsboro Emma Brewton. Savannah
Judson Carr, Tifton Evelyn Doyle, Sylvania Louise Crawford, Lafayette Irene Holland, Hartsfield Dovard Lockhart, Columbus 1ennie Mock, Rocky Ford
Oran Price, Trion Magruder Ellerbee, Thomaston
Jack Sellers, Baxley
1930 Margaret Perdue, Atlanta William Bell, Glenwood Harris Henry, Midville
Cleo Wisham, Camilla . Elise Sawyer, LawrencevIlle Billy Powell, Alpharetta Janetta Wilson. Alpharetta
Hubert Smith, Macon Byron Avant, Deepstep Sam Jones, Bowdon Ruby Powell, Colquitt Francine Waldrop, Atlanta Era Jane Wilson, Ball Ground Hazel Watkins, Lagrange George Walters. Moultrie
1931 Loyce McKellar, Arlington
Ruth Cook. Rome Mariorie Lane. Albany Bobby Cunningham, Atlanta
John Smith, Shellman Elizabeth McLendon. Atlanta Hugh Summers. Newnan Marie O'Farrell, Douglas John Green, Dacula Grady Carlisle, Flowery Branch Allerson Sherman, Meigs Frances Bartlett, Atlanta Pete Maxwell, Fort Benning Kathleen Highfield Gainesville Fannie Faulk. Egypt Florence Johnson. Atlanta Maurice Samples, Atlanta Billy Gericke. Atlanta Jame E. Williams, Blakely Calvin Stegins, Sylvania

Catherine Lan er. Val osta vun Love, Vouglas nu n lI'lClloU'Oy, oopvule .c.u ward tla WIC , Call 0 .uo::an ",reen, LoganVille
\,;r l' ru e Loon y, 1)a leis I 10: lommy Lawson, ;:'a annah
tiazel tlCLendon. II ore and James Lloyd ewton, ...uounr e .ll'lyrLle 1. urnage, \"0 Ultt
I etue 1 uc e , ll'lOultrie .rt.all'U vv hlte, liazlenurst
1932 vonald Igdon, Summit
.t1aLel tlaxley, baxley Ihargaret aylor, ystic oJ oe L rwicK, Blakely
.i:' leta KItchens. vommerce varl tlaroer, Atlanta .l!.arl ,"vebster. Vecatur JUnIor \"ulbertson, Ca ho n li'rances Hoy, Savannah w ilene Letson. JaCKson John Hayes. Atlanta Rachel HcKibben. Atlanta
Claude \"ampbell, Gratin James Hawkms. Canton Clyoe Crook. Lincolnton M.argaret lieorge, .l!.ast roint
Ehzab th Hornsby, Atlanta C. L. Lawson, Cisco Parram Youngblood, loom;;boro
1933
Alene Pruitt. Atlanta .l.<'rances tlraselt"n, lira eltol
Dorothy Brase ton. Braselton Bobby Ingram, Decatur
William L. Adams. leve an Zola Adams, Blue Ridge .l:ietty S. Brannon. I cDunough Julian Hammil, Atlanta
Julia illiamson, Valdosta Alton Dominy, Irvington Robert Davis, Egan Virginia Giles, l\1oultrie
esley Haslett, Atlanta Carlton Huff, lacon Walter Johnson, Atlanta
Bill elson, Dalton ed Palmer, Logansville
Bobby Rose, Atlanta .darold Robinson, Waco
Grace harp, Savannah Carlton Scurry, Hoboken Charles Stokes, Rome Lewis Tucker, Moultrie
Frank Tyndall. Unadilla Jewell Wilson. Ball Ground Tom Walters. Moultrie Wm. Barnett, Chattahoochee Bob Adams. Franklin
Hope Ellis. Cordele
1934
Lindbergh Armour, Lula
Clara Benson. Roswell Hulet Hawkins, Canton William Templeton. Atlanta
Ray Cheeves. Savannah Billy Etheridge, Valdosta Carolyn Gunnels. Monticello Bobby Graham. Mount Vernon Joe Looney, Danielsville Marrell Martin, Fort Benning .Patsy Maxwell, Fort Benning
Walter McCord, Columbus Evelyn Morgan. Pine View Elnora Nugent, Columbus Friedson Odum, Leesburg
Elizabeth oblett. Helena Olin Patten. Montezuma Pauline Pendergraft, Trenton Carlos Redd n, Macon V l' Reeder, August
James Sharpton, Dacula
Brinkley Smith, Carnesville

E. Bell Wethington, Roopville
Thelma Holloway, Pavo Ena Pendergraft, Trenton John R. Robertson. Canton Paul Widener, Girard
1935 Lillie Bell Selph. . man James Ayers, ewnan Clentard Bishop, Fairburn LouLe Brant, Sylvania
Louise Calloway, Thomaston Maude Duckett, Jackson, Miss.
Colin Deal, Sparta
Bob Graham, 1:. rvin Harrell, Camilla John Holbrook. Cummings
Annie Lou Ison, Brooks <\llan Jone , Crawfordsville ,f?g'g;e Lane, Jakin httie ris O'Dell. ranton Thoma" Duprep. Americus
H. P. Gar and. Toccoa th Marti Forsyth
"R"ci"l h 0' pal. Doe UP far adp'ett rh"t<;worth
nnT"th H'l;l!'ins tlanta .Tnrkie Hallman Fort Valley
"lvi Pri ce Rnme "R?r ar'1 Russpll Atlanta
F. "R Smith. Brun!<wick
P"uline ith Vi ara t\. D. "Rav. Glennvi Ie
r. r Tumer. c('ayesville
GeoJ'l!'e Vaug-hn. ewnan
936 'lVlTloncl Baker, Atlanta
T,,~l' r., lownv. anche ter
T'~11 Flpmis ;1'. cRae
Vl 'Godwin, aldosta J. C. I~nn. Brooks Tommy McBrayer, Dalton
laine Panna!. Savannah Joseph Winkle. ewnan
Dale White. tlanta 'urcll Tindall, Everett City
1937 hrv . fnon. able on ,la ~ Baker. Waleska .Tohn Barnett. Atlanta Tommv Beard. Columbus
Home': Benson. Palmetto Eva Brag:don, Savannah Clinto:! Blackston. Uvalda
ell Brown, Savannah Bonnie Craig, Lawrenceville
Janie Elder College Park Bobby Gorman, Atlanta .r"mes Galloway, Gainesville
Virginia Hardeman. Atlanta Georgia B Hargrove. Perkins
John Harrell, Lizella Billy Hayes. Albany Alton Holman. Cave Spring l';llio t Jllmeson. Decatur
Lorraine Kicklighter. Collins John .leck. Rocky Ford Doyle.Torri' Decatur .'[ary Roberts, Gray 11 Smith, Swainsboro
Morris Stuckey, Ea tman Vinton Troupe, Enigma Pauline Childers. Atlanta Herbert Fuqua, Cave Spring
Elizabeth Johnson, Blue Ridge
Lallie Johnson, Pulaski Charles Allison, Atlanta James Vickers, Cedartown Howard O'Quinn, Atlanta
1938 Duwayne Dukes, Carrollton Bonnie McEntire, Douglasville
Ronnie White, Climax Herbert White, Bainbridge Wilda Maulden, Lambert Tom Byrd, Surrency

Benjamin Herndon, Alma
Phillip Hester, Cleveland Bud Little, Cedartown Lamar Spratling. Atlanta Edna Pope, Mableton
L. ster Smith, Lyons Ruth Owens, Lithonia
Dorothy Wolf. Washington Rhunette Fallin, Thomaston
Kelh LuAllen, Summerville Billy LuAllen, Summerville
Patsy Baker. Tifton
John Pate, Hampton
1939 Roscoe Singletary, Albany
Tarver Holmes, Locust Grove R. T. Holmes, Locust Grove
1940 Flemming Bloodworth, Macon
Cecil Cox, Villa Rica Roscoe Dukes, Woodbury Marshall Harpel', Greensboro
Johnny Harvey, Dawson James Hattrich, Savannah
Roy Holmes, Locust Grove Ralph Hulsey, Waleska Ronald Long, Thomasville
Marvin McKoy, Newnan Jackie Dukes, Woodbury Mary Ann Pate, Hampton Dorothy Sims, McDonough
Virginia Slappey, Summerville Billie Jean Smith, Atlanta
Mary Suggs, Moultrie
Ruby Suggs, Moultrie Mattie Suggs, Moultrie Frances Cox, Fitzgerald Louise Wilson, Cedartown Faye elle Evan Summerville
Louis Keaton, Atlanta ;\'artha Anthony, Winterville
Etta Lee Kilgore, Calhoun Jimmie Vickers, Hahira
Iaudene Bridges, Lenox
Leis Martin, Griffin W. C. Wooten. Macon Alma Wooten. Macon Robert Wooten, Macon Vivian Turner, Thomasville Louise Murphy, Blairsville Fay Johnson, Woodbury
Juanice Dukes, Woodbury Gene Lanier, Cuthbert Harold Pope, Cordele J ene Pritchett, LaGrange Claude Fuqua, Cave Spring
eal Crews. Nahunta Laura Pope, Moultrie Alice Edmondson, Good Hope Harry Strickland, Waycross
Flora Alice White, Atlanta Lucille Morris, Moultrie Edward Morris, Moultrie Lula May Welborn
Howard Strawn, Betty Brown, DouglasviIle
1941
Kate Ashworth, Lafayette France Tatum, Savannah Loui e Boyd, Augusta Eugene Baggett, Thomasville
Wynell Godwin, Pelham Ann Thompson, Moultrie
Martha Maxey, Watkinsville Rosemary Smith, Tifton
Guy Jones, Blakely Gail Martin, Columbus Louise Smith, Lindale Jame Faulk, Tifton Laura Ann Brigman, Baxley
Maybelene Tripp, Tifton Clara Stapler, Bowdon Cynthia Aspinwall, Screven
Dorothy Hughe , Ball Ground Ford Hughe , Ball Ground

Marcus Kemp, Pelham Dan Jones, Macon J ewell Henderson, Rome Louilie Hunt, Greensboro Shirley Whit.hud, Atlanta Curtis Gordon, Atlanta Jerry Prnel, Atlanta Marlraret Roberts, Valdolita Harry Parramore, Valdosta l~lysses Collins, Ashburn Daisy Smith, Ellabell Beadie Smith, Ellabell Louise Walters, Lajp"ani'e Janie Smith, Tifton Louida Benson, Palmetto Billy Peace, Valdosta
1942
Ronnie Herrington, Hazlehurst Gary Yasney, Columbus Lois Delk. Homerville Barbara A. Ashworth, Atlanta Rube Collins, Cobbtown Jerry ix, Rockmart Sarah Christopher, Atlanta Betty Pharr, Decatur Andrew Lee Harrison. Cairo William Langford, Lagrange Junif'r Galloway, Canton Bobby Davis, Nicholas Dorothy Anderson. Ty Ty Ronald Bell, Toccoa Jean Rentz. Surrency Franklin Dyess, Bainbridge Grace Roberts. Sandersville Phyliss Burdette <\ Ilene Burdette I.ertrude Hixon, Richmond Hill .Joyce Avery, 'Atlanta Mary F. Bates, Commerce
imrod Phillips. Tunnell Hill Jackson Brooks. Perry Joe Gillespie, Commerce Betty LuAllen. Summerville Mary J. Abercrombie, Atlanta Arbin Hamby. Cummings Bobby Harper, Atlanta Grace Brown, Blairsville Junior Rutland. Lenox
1943
Clarence Rainwater, Villa Rica Eugene Forrest, Jasper Hinton Stone, Hapeville

Doris Jones, Dalton Mary Ann Durrence, Claxton Betty Chadwick. Chattahoochee Willis Joe Knott, Cedartown Jean Barrett, Dou~las Catherine Smith, Ellabell Jimmie Screw, Swainsboro Terrell Leverett, Toccoa
ethera Mobley, Glennville James Pope, Moultrie B. Blankenship, McDonough
Wonnie McKoy, Tennille Mary Lee Johnson, Nichols Betty Ruth Baxley, Baxley
Shelva Jean White, Bainbridi'e O'Neal Cornett, Canton R. Murkerson. Thomasville Curtis Askew, Forrest Park Ben Goodwin, Atlanta Joyce Sellers, Godfrey
Edward Stanford, Daisy Joan Allen, Camak Mary Alice Jones, Pelham Katie Mae Rogers, Franklin
Billy Robinson. Hapeville Bobby DeLoach, Claxton
Thomas Rucker, Statesboro Billie Wood, Mayfield
1944
Doris Odom, Leesburg Russell Royston, Elberton Joe Young, Atlanta
Avus DeLoach, Savannah Stella Gazaway, Ball Ground Myrtle Griner, Ocilla Glarene King, Chula Mary A. Langley, Decatur
Margie Ledford, Trion Betty Sizemore, Brunswick Carol Smith. Villa Rica Edwin Aldridge, Brunswick
James Chapman, Macon Charles Cole, Cave Spring
Gene Dominy, Toomsboro Howard Ledford, ichols J. D. McCloud, Hollywood
Donald Smith, Jackson Charles Parker, Bremen Jimmie Parker, Bremen Bob Pennington, Dalton Daniel Reagin, Hazlehurst Milton Saunders, Moultrie

Dickie Taylor, Macon
Larry Thompson, Toccoa James M. Thacker, Rome Alvin White. Lindale Patiy Sima, East Point
1946
Rebecca Storey, Columbus Sandra Pike, Morven Wayne Edwards, Athens Lanelle Benton, Cave Spring Gene Crumpton, Americus
Walter Graham, Columbus Fred Waters, Midville Ronald Aldridge, Brunswick
Charles Wilson, Cairo Fain Griffin, Alapaha Sandra Baker, Tifton
Margene Bruner, Columbus Essie Mae Taylor, Nichols Ruth Butler, Alto
Joan Edwards, Stillmore Patricia Edwards, Stillmore
David Barrett. Calhoun Wilburn Dukes, Woodbury
Roy Alexander. Grantville Joe Anne Towns, Towns Henry Thornton, Franklin
Beatrice Thornton. Franklin Travis Benton, Cave Spring Alton Shirey. Lagrange Myrtice Soles, Vidalia
Carolyn Jones, Roopville Jack Watkins, Bristol Lois Watkins, Bristol Bobby Posey. Rockmart Waverlyn Collins. Fort Valley Maggie McGahee, Tarrytown.
Raymond Potts, Atlanta
Golden Powell. Atlanta Eugene Whittle. Experiment
1946 Vincent Gray, Calhoun Virgil Ward, Columbus Inez Pollock, Pelham
Joyce Madden, Kingston Geraldine Taylor, Wiley Jean Wiggins, Smithville Jackie Reed, Augusta
Jeanette Hair, Brunswick Rosalie Nastasi, Savannah Barbara Winters, Jackson Janice Lee, Waycross

Danny Wilson. Savannah Jimmy Bryant, Macon Jimmie Fender, Tifton Johnny Chandler, Arallon Bobby Cannady, Graymont Fulton M Dowell, Austell Donald J hnllon, Colquitt Joyce Maddox, Alma Barbara Hobbs, Thompson Jeanette Atkinson, Chamblee Franklin Dubberly, Alma Jadie Norris, Columbus Jerry Shepherd, Lagrange Claude Butler, Alma Evelyn Stanford, Hinesville Johnny Prince, Atlanta Emma M. James, Manchester Lennie Moon, Madison Ann Lynch, Waycross Sarah Frances Crisp, Findley Nellie Moore, Hampton Inez Smallwood, Savannah J ames Clements, Macon
1947
Barbara Anderson, Gainesville Russell Bynum, Thomasville Barbara Jackson, Franklin Sarah Jackson, Rockmart Larry Lemming, Rome Herman McKinney, CorJele Barbara Strickland, Cartersville Joyce Burnett, Hermitage J3il1y Brumbelow. Aragon Joel Center, Ringgold Henry Daniels, Columbus Robert Hancock, Reynolds Ann Mobley, Columbus Jane Parrish, Chickamauga Harry Owens. Atlanta Delmar Shealey, Tallapoosa Larry White, Acworth Joan Hornsby, Atlanta Mary Ann Welch, Rome Kenneth Corry, Robinson Stephen Carroll. Rockmart Margaret Morris. Atlanta
an McCallum, Glennwood Glenda Brooks, Rome Billie McCullough, Rockdale Rowena Heath, McRae Ann Green, Cuthbert

School for the Colored Deaf

1918 Christi"e Lyle, Winder Julius Leverett, Lincolnton Jennie Lyon, Barnesville Ida Kate Lovelace, Coosa
1919 Thelma Riley, Savannah
1920 Harrison Hawkins, Athens
1921 Jewell Hix, Jenkinsburg Alvin James, Savannah Annie Johnson, Macon Arthur Kirk Atlanta Mattie Morse, Atlanta William Powell, Athens Robert Terrell, Rome
1922 Johnny Dixon, Savannah Georgia Davis, Atlanta
harlie Goggins, Macon J essie Hudson, Commerce Morri 'on Hayes, Savannah Gussie May Lamar, Atlanta William Ladson, Atlanta Bob Perry, Albany Martha Price, Jenkinsburg Harris Shaw, Savannah Cinda Thomas, McDonough Teresa Wright, Savannah James Wilson, Dublin
1923 J. P. Avarett, Columbus Pearlie Barnes. McDonough Hubert Bonwell. Savannah
arrie Collins, Atlanta allace Reeve , Atlanta Orleo Wynn Atlanta Mary oodard. Luella Troy Minter, Atlanta
1924 Gussie Carley, Matthew Mary Darden, Barnesville Clarence Madison, Macon Ora Lee Mathis, Augusta Gertrude Moore. McDonough William Powers, Athens Mattie L. Vickers, Hawkinsville Willie Mae Powers, Athens Eloise Williams, Lenox Willie M. Sullivan, Barnesville Johnnie Laurie Wright, Wrens
1925 Harold Wynn, Atlanta
1928 Daniel Bivans Macon
1929 Martha Heard, Atlanta
1930 Julia Teagle, Athens
1932 Mary Crumbley, Darien
1934 Avery Arnold, Lyons

Charlie Blalock, Colle~e Park Ida Bland, McRae Thomas Boozier, Cedartown Jessie H. Brooks. Augusta Irene Burdette. Cedartown Eldora Buffin~on, Atlanta Clarence Lambert, Savannah Minnie Copeland, Atlanta Mary Daniel, Brunswick Jack Davis, Tignall Sarah Edwards, Waycross Mabel Favors. Atlanta Teresa Fitzpatrick, Atlanta Alfred Grovenor. Savannah Herbert Grovenor. Savannah Willie Hardeman, Mansfield Arthur Hardison, Columbus Annie Hardy, Adel Willie May Harris. Columbus Elsie Hood, Doraville Henry Hurt. Pennfield Amos Jefferson, Ochlochnee Julia Low. Fitzgerald Oscar Lunceford, Atlanta Willie J. Miller, Cordele Maude Matthews. Athens Clarence McLendon, Atlanta Sarah Meninger. Milledgeville Mary Neal, Thomasville Sarah Norwood, Pelham Clifford Pendergrass, Bogart Gladys Printup, Conyers James Reese, Columbus John H. Rosier, Hawkinsville Crosby Shirley, Atlanta Carrie Sims, Atlanta Lorenzo Smith. College Park Grace Spaulding, Thomasville Louise Storey, West Point Cynthia Strange. Hartwell Essie May Thomas, Stockbridge Louise Thomas, Atlanta Rosalie Thornton. Atlanta Lois Thrasher, Bishop George Wallace, Sandersville Isaac' Warren, Devereaux Johnny Wright. Wrens Rilla Zellars, Lincolnton Olin Harper, Atlanta Doris Washington. Columbus
1935
Frances Southerland, McRae Olin Harper, Zebulon Lucile Hamby, Waycross
1936 Louise Storey, West Point John Mack Brooks, Bainbridge James E. Foster. Macon Stephenson Franklin, Macon Alice Hutchins, Cleveland Anna Lasker, Midville Eva May Pickens, Cordele Homer Shelton, Dawson Eddie Stanford, Lithonia Viola Thomas, Atlanta George Meadows, Rome

Louise Southerland, McRae 1937
Hannah Rakestraw, Jefferson Lubell Cunningham, Ft. Valley Dora May Harris, Rockmart Willie C. Hill. Comer Earl Taylor, Atlanta Mary Belcher, Atlanta Gordon Bell, Albany Alberta Branch, Atlanta Willie Cokley, Doerun James Gates, Lagrange Jack Harrison, Talmo Katie Hollis, Wayside Lucy Hollis, Wayside Janie Harris. Atlanta George Meadows, Rome Leola Phillips, Valdosta Howard Thompson, Atlanta Freddie May Tiller, McDonough Rhetta Williams, Savannah Ola Hunt, Rome Annie Mae Mock, Savannah
1938 Rosena West, Macon Dennis Bagwell, Ellenwood Arthur BrQoks, Atlanta Mabel Jackson, Atlanta Marion Lynch, Midville Mattie May Roland, Atlanta Thelma Gaskin, Ocilla Mabel Evans. Darien Jeretta Shaw, Athens Lois Thrasher, Bishop Maude Thrasher, Bishop
1939 Rosemary Tolen. Forsyth Bertha Evans, Atlanta
1940 Bennie Lee Cook, Oxford Paul Bentley, Barnesville Ruby Lee Ginrette, Adel Booker T. Griffith. Atlanta Minnie Lou Hill, Turin Mildred Hill. Greensboro Catherine Jackson, Bainbridge Jessie May Parker. Atlanta Charlie May Printup, Conyers James Phinizy, Augusta Doris Weddin&1;on, Atlanta Wiley Williams. La~ange
1941 Ether Carson, Hapeville Catherine Cooper. Atlanta Susie Grantville, Macon Charlie Harrison. Talmo Milton Hendricks, Atlanta Woodrow Mosley, Atlanta Virginia Sims: Hiram Barbara. Sturgis, Valdosta Ulysses Staten, Blackshear William J. Miller. Americus
1942
Joseph Bonner. Atlanta Isaac Brantley, Macon Hattie Lee Smith. Swainsboro

Betty Lou Smith, Swainsboro Delero Sneed, Fort Valley James Stevenson. Atlanta Corinne Williamson. Reidsville James McClarin, Atlanta
1943 Joan Broughton, Atlanta Rudolph Daniel. Gainesville Roseva Kennedy. Harrison Harry W. King. Dalton Parris Lewis. Sandersville Hartwell Rhone, Kingsland J. W. Thomas. Ochlochnee Mary ell Wallace, ewnan
1944 Jennie Lou Askew, Atlanta John Jenkin, Tolberton Mary Massey. Savannah Robert Quarterman, Allenhurst Bobby Watkins, McDonough Ether M. Watson, Ocilla Felton H. Young, Braselton R. Z. Wilkerson, Douglas Willie M. Cooper. Atlanta William Woolford, Dahlonega Betty Ruth Sims Swainsboro
1945 Marie Allen Walker, Columbus Addie May Flournoy, Atlanta Mary M. Stephen, Jefferson Raiford Oliver, Atlanta Ellis Johnson, Uvalda Henry Kennedy, Cobbtown John H. Evans. Greenville
1946 Arthur Curry, Atlanta Walter Fletcher, Barnesville Sara Ann Willis, Atlanta Annette Williams, Atlanta John Evans. Atlanta Earl McCray, Atlanta Leon Pitman. Atlanta Roseberry Powell, Atlanta Claude Thomas. Atlanta Clarence Wiley. Gainesville Andrew Williams, Jacksonville
1947 Lucille Brooks, Savannah Valeria McLendon, Cuthbert Donald Parker, Atlanta Cleaster Rhodes, Atlanta Marion Smith, Atlanta Louise Tolliver, Louisville Geraldine Vickers. Atlanta Lueretha amp, Esom Hill Elise Campbell, Savannah Louvenia Edwards. Cotton Patricia Ann Gibson, Atlanta Flora May McDonald. Cordele Mary Lois McDonald, Cordele Howard Bailey, Thomasville John Evans, Atlanta Curtis Harris. Ocilla Grady Payne, Toccoa Elijah Saunders, Atlanta Earnest Walker, GouB;h

~auoIf .,:.~ ~~~ MftS.:::J::: I. -=:En.oa

THE~D~EA[F_J-------I' GEORGIA ASSOCIATION OF SviJlg ,"" Oeof Since /910

r

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.....-re. ........ AtIaIlta
I:ITDI:Jf D. WAaD, Au-ta J'I!I:I) M. KAaDDf. Mawe-
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I. HOJlACi TAYLOa, ......lIk
LIOH.A1tD 1iId.&A!f. AUenla
was. I-IOJfAItD likloLVl. AU.",J'AMU r. POHnal. Au..
~ X. J'aUMAIrf, ,,\kilt.

Atlant., Oa. Apr1l 14. IV48

Mr. C. R. Holl1nga...,rth Sllperlntelld . .t GeorgI_ Sehool ror tho Deer
C.... e Sprlql, Oa.

Deer 1Ir. Roll1ngaworth,

In behalf ot the ortieers and .e~er. or the aeorgla "ellOct.tion of the Dear I extend ~ It congratulations and fellcitationa on the OCO 10D or the one bUDdredth annl.erauy or the Gearat- School tor the neat.

In tta centurJ of exl,tanc. tbe educatlOllal opportWl1Uea offorod bJ' tho aobool han brought bappy rulIn to the 11y ot countl d t _en and won ot our beloYed atate.
w llb tor the Icbool aore hundred' ot year. or .....1' increa.lng ufuln

Very 11neerel,. '0url,
Oeorgla Aoelation or the De.r
~t!.~
-------- Ernt C. Herron, Prldct

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~fficr ",t tit.. <5o\trrnD-r !-U...u&
APril 15. 1948

Honorable C. H. Hol.l.1N:aworth Superintendent, Georgi_ Scbool tor the Deaf
c..... Spril'\l, Georgia

Dear Professors

cne hundred years or samee is tiM tor pride and celebration. During this tUB the Georgia Schaal tor the Deaf has suttered a&Jtf hardships and setbaek' but it hu come forward to plq great part in the building ot a better Georgia, 1n educating her. people and pr<:lvid1ne tb! St.at.e with better inforaed and better prepared
c1t1uns.

MatV generaUoru ot lea4ers and student.s ~ve had. role 1n

U. br1l.l.1.ant past ot the .cbool and the people ot Georgia .end

ce-endaUons tor the wonderful. job that has been done. The hi.tol'7
ot the .chaol 1s the h1.stor'J' or the cooperation and enterprise of

Ge01 t.b&t

'l1ana.
..u

I the

t is juat. such rutUN ahead

cONItru.etlTe p
promd..nc one

rojects and iD1 t1.tl.... ard aak. me sq over

f&a1n:- "Itls Great to be a Georgian."

X1nd Rgard. am best wishes.

Sincerely yours J

..tIm

-'MER/CAN SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF

WEST B.UTFORD, CONNecTICUT

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I:O"UHIJ. aO"THIUI -U~UI!01U'=(..r Apl"ll 15, 1948
kl". C.H. ifoll1ne-s.orth, Supft. Geol'!=1fl School for the Veer Cave Sprint, Georr 1

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ul&tion, tWoe tthaekeaaEorre,o1to pSlecahaouorl eroinr t.h.e..DndaianfonOUtrhawaa"tt"aai'nt mCeonntgrat_

GcoeefoirteaiJna.1t0h0a

h anniversary rlne work it

and our heat 10 dOinp for

wish.. ror Continued 'UC_ tha dear of the Stote or

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;;~~~l i~I;~W:e, da~t::thI~e~iA~m;0e~ri~cia;n8;S~cdhao~o~l ;f~a~atl~,a:~":Oar.e:,t~h[alntru~S.u~a~lorIrnla_
pupil a wera Sent by ha Stata of aeorgla to th10 Scbool, Al,o, Prlnclnal Lewis Weld', app"arsnca wltb a froup or pupil, berore tthbea eae'to.hrrillaabL..eennt'laotrurthea haeeloprepd1otoSc,ahcouorl e fotbre thaepPDreoaprr,iation, ror
tbe centuryGrJeuat,t 'tCrOld"Pal,etebda,vaanbdeetnbe"'dperopbrye"theInaaothraElpaaSstchtoeonl In year. ba, been particularly rapid, Thls give, ",uch pleaaure to tba ..any rrland, or tba Scbool and in'Plre, fI"" confidence tbat tbe Scbool will contJnue to render ever increaaJnr ,erv'ce to tba dear or aaorgJa In tha years to COOe, Our wa"" Jntere't haanvdegoinodthWe laphaea, t.'bau COntinue Wltb you In be future aa they

S1nceJ"ely )'OUr,.
~

CAUAUDET COLLEGE WASHL"'l'GTOS 2. 0. Co

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THE SCHOOL HELPER, CENTENNIAL ISSUE All communications should be addressed to the School Helper, Cave Spring, Ga. Entered at the post office at Cave Spring, Georgia, as second class matter l':ovember, 1889. Acceptance for mailing at a special rate of postage provided in Section J103. Act of Oct06er 3,1917. Authorized October 31,1918. Published monthly during the school year in the printing department of the Georgia School for the Deaf.

1\\1\\\\\\1\11\\\1\ \1 \1\\\1"IIII \11111\1\\1\\11\1III11\111\1I1\
~ 3 2108 05828 4962 r

1545 1945 FIRST SCHOOL BUlWlNG- ERECTED