A plan of operation during natural disasters in Georgia [1955]

DISASTERS
1955

DISASTER RELIEF PLAN STATE OF GEORGIA

CONTENTS

SECTION 1. GENERAL a. Foreword and Statement from Governor b. Statem.,nt of Purpose c. Statement of Principles and Definitions
SECTION 2. RESPONSIBILITIES a. Individual b. Local Community c. State d. Federal e. American National Red Cross
SECTION 3. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES a, Statement of Operations- General b. Operational Procedures- American National Red Cross
ANNEXES

Page Page 2 Page 3
Page 4 Page 4 Page 5 Page 5 Page 6
Page 7
Page 8

ANNEX 1. LEGAL AUTHORITY a. Amendment to Ga. Civil Defense Act of 1951 b. Public Law 875 c. Public Law 107 d. Executive Order 10427 e. Publir. Low 4. (American Na.t'l. Red Cross) f. Governor's Proclamation
ANNEX 2. FEDERAL AID Federal Government Functions Register of Federal Agencies
ANNEX 3. STATE AID Functions of State Departments
ANNEX 4. LOCAL AGENCIES List of FHA Offices in Georgia List of Red Cross Chapters in Ge

Page 11 Page 12 Page 14 Page 14 Page 16 Page 16
Page 17 Page 18
Page 22
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MARVIN GRIFFIN

'JE:x.entfill ~.e:pnrhu.enf J\,Hnnfn

BEN T. WIGGINS EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

FOREWORD AND STATEMENT TO THE PEOPLE OF GEORGIA
In recognition of continuing disasters, other than enemy attack, this plan for action by and cooperation between all affected State Departments, Federal Agencies and the American National Red Cross, is issued as a guide and statement of policy and procedm-e. It sets forth their respective functions, responsibilities and relationships in the event of such a disaster in Georgia.
This plan is based on the principle that the individual citizen, properly instructed and intelligently directed, provides the most effective means of reducing loss of life and property in any disaster
situation. It fully recognizes necessity for self help qy individuals,
families and communities. At the same time, it points up the responsibility of all levels of civil government to the people. In the interest of efficient operations, it provides for coordination and establishes channels for relations between levels of government and between agencies. It is intended that this plan will serve, not only as a guide, but as an example to local communities throughout the state in the developnent of local preparedness plans.
The plan has been produced by Departments of the Georgia State Government, under the leadership of Major General George J. Hearn, State Disaster Coordinator and State Civil Defense Director. Representatives of the Federal Civil Defense Administration and of the American National Red Cross have cooperated and assisted in its developnent.
Although this plan contemplates that the resom-ces of the State will be made available for us in time of distress, the degree of success attained in meeting the chaos brought by disasters will be dependent upon the advanced planning at all levels and full cooperation of the civil authorities and citizens of Georgia. I, therefore, m-ge your careful consideration of the responsibilities that are yours as officials of State Agencies and heads of local government in preparing to meet
the demands that may be created by ad~~\~ .. \~~
\1l~IN Governor State of Georgia

1 September 1955

B. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

The purposes of this plan are several. They are listed below, each being specific in itself but nevertheless closely related and integrated with the others:
1. To define natural disasters and differentiate
them from civil disturbances and enemy attack situations.
2 To provide the basis far a systematic ap proach by local, state and federal government to the problems created or aggravated by a natural disaster in Georgia by identifying the responsibilities, policies, functions, operational procedures and working relationships of these levels of government. A part of the systematic approach will be the establishment of the sequence of action for and between the respective levels of government.
3. To identify the responsibilities, policies,

functions and operational procedures of the American Red Cross at the chapter and national organization levels and provide for the coordination of Red Cross activities with those of government at the state level. In addition, reference wi II be made to the coordination of Red Cross with local and Federal Government.
4. To detail the procedures of government ot all levels in relation to the activation of Public Law 875 and the Federal assistance provided thereby.
5. To provide a guide and example to cities and counties (government and Red Cross) toward the development of local preparedness plans which can be coordinated with the state plan.
6. To eliminate duplication of effort or services and thereby reduce the inherent confusion and chaos when disaster strikes.

MARVIN GRIFFIN Governor of Georgia

GEORGE J. HEARN Director of Civil Defense
and State Disaster Coordinator

GRANDMA'S PANTRY WAS READY

Is Your "Pantry" Ready In Event of Emergency?
).
:.: . . . : ..... . : . .;i:l .

C. STATEMENT OF PR!tKIPLES AiiD DEFINITIOHS

This section of the plan is devoted to statements of the broad and basic principles established as the foundation for action through the plan. These principles do not change or alter in any way the specific policies, functions or procedures .of the various departments, agencies and groups concerned. Rather they ore intended to provide the framework for specific action.
It also provides certain broad definitions necessary to delimit the fields of activity and clarify relationship between levels of government, agen cies and private organizations.
1. This plan deals only with natural disasters and the problems created or aggravated thereby. Situations caused or created by enemy action ore planned for by and ore the basic responsibility of the State Civil Defense Office. Refer to the Georgia State Civil Defense PI an and Annexes. (The relationsh'ip of Red Cross to Civil Defense in enemy attack situations is referred to in the Georgia State Disaster Plan.)
2. The word "disaster" as used herein, in eludes calamities, om! catastrophes such as hurricanes, tornadoes, other windstorms, fire, explosions, droughts, and floods where numbers of people are involved.
3. Civil disturbances other than those resulting from enemy action and/or natural disasters ore not provided for through this pion. Civil disturbances ore created by unrest or tension which take the form of demonstrations or riots. They ore situations arising. from acts of violence or disorders and which ore 'prejudicial to the maintenance of low and order. Appropriate lows provide the method for handling such situations.
4. The Georgia law provides that the person serving as State Civil Defense Director as State Disaster Coordinator. :le will serve to coordinate the activities of all state departments in time of disaster and will work with representatives of the Federal Civil Defense Admin;stration and the American Red Cro.ss to correlate the activities of the state departments, federal agencies and the American Red Cross. The Federal Civil Defense Administration is established by Presidential Executive Order as the agency responsible for coordinating federal activity in natural disasters.
The State Disaster Coordinator's Office is the point of contact for local government officials

seeking state governmentassistance. That office is also the clearing point for action by state departments. In emergencies, it is expected that all groups will toke action as the situation demands and at a later time advise the Coordinator of that action. This provides for meeting emergencies in the most expeditious and practical manner.
5. This plan supercedes all natural disaster plans previously published in this state. It is
desirable that this plan be reviewed periodically, however, suggestions for changes or revisions may be submitted to the State Disaster Coordinator by any agency involved at any time. Appropriate action relative to such suggestions will be at his discretion.
6. This plan constitutes advance arrangements to safe-guard the citizens of the state, their health, property and to promote stability in the event of disaster.
7. It tokes full recognition of the basic principle that self help by individuals, families and communities, along with volunteered assistance, ore primary and necessary in any disaster situation.
8. Although a disaster situation may necessitate simultaneous action by local, state and federal levels, it is the responsibility of the individual and his local government to utilize their own resources before asking assistance from the next level.
9. While this plan provides for a calamity of great magnitude covering a large part of or all of the state, it is equally applicable to a disaster of lesser size. Separate parts or segments of the plan may be activated as required.
10. The plan calls for utilization of the resources (both civil and military) of the state in conjunction with Federal Assistance and the American Red Cross which is recognized as the official agency for services to disaster affected individuals and families.
11. Government at all levels and the American Red Cross ore independent of each other with separate and distinct functions. Each is solely responsible for its own financial commitments. They will work in close harmony with each other to meet the human needs resulting from a disaster.

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SECTION 2. RESPONSI BI-Ll TIES

This section is devoted to brood or generalized statements of responsi bi liti es. These provide a background against which the specific programs of the government units and organized groups operate. Duplication of effort is eliminated or minimized by delineation of responsibilities. Working relations are simplified as each group

knows what to expect from the others. At the same time, the concept of chronological order of action is established by understanding the limits to which each level from individual to federal government is expected to go. Sequential action, based on specified responsibilities will aid the orderliness of action at the time of disaster.

A. OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY

Each American citizen has two areas of responsibility. One is to himself whereby he provides for his basic needs so as not to be a burden or a matter of concern to others; the other is to the groups with whom he lives and with whom he forms a union for the common good- his family, the neighborhood, the community, the state and country.
Consistent with the first, each person must, to the best of his ability, anticipate disaster emergencies and what he wi II do. He must be alert to all avai Iable official warnings, take precautions to protect his property, set aside means to meet

basic needs and take such training as will provide him with skills or knowledge to take care of himself.
As a member of a group, whether it be the family or other organized group, each person must help by acceptance of the group's responsibility, participation in plans, acceptance of specific tasks as part of carrying out the program, and promotion of coordinated action by all groups. From the simplest kind of organized effort by individuals who are willing to share of themselves, comes the center structure of sound action in disaster emergencies.

B. LOCAL COMMUNITY (City and County)

For purposes of this plan, the city and county are regarded as the local community. Civil government in these divisions is regarded as having the sole responsibility for maintaining law and order and for providing the leadership for maximum utilization of local resources. Such leadership recognizes the abilities, skills and authorities not only of locally organized groups but also local segments of national organizations. Through this recognition, the separateness yet close relationship of government and private organizations is distinguished.
Government responsibility begins at the local level and in the time of disaster is, in general, the same as in normal times -the protection of life and property and maintenance of law and order. Disasters do not change the legal responsibilities of government but rather increase the the need for meeting them promptly and adequately under emergency conditions.
More specifically, local government responsibility includes protection of Iife and property, warning, rescue, evacuation, maintenance of law and order, administration of welfare laws, fire protection, public health, maintenance of public institutions, removal of debris from public property, maintenance and repair of all public property salvage of unclaimed property, inspecti"on and designation of safe areas and buildings, and survey of public losses.
The effectiveness of local community action in natural disasters is dependent, in large meas-
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ure, upon the development of plans to coordinate the use of local resources. Principle city and county officials, in coniunction with Red Cross
chapters, are responsible for the drafting of such plans. These are to include the procedures for requesting assistance from the next higher levels. The size of the community does not change the res pons i bi I ity for organizing and action, rather it imposes a challenge on the smaller communities to utilize their own skills and resources in the inost effective ways.
In view of possible overlapping between city and county governments, it is urged that unified and coordinated action be planned. The principle officials of each government are charged by public interest with the establishment of efficient joint plans. Red Cross chapters are usually organized on a county-wide basis but variations which occur should not lead to improper coordination with city and/or county government. Local government should appoint a coordinatorfor government activity. The coordinator could be a single individual serving both city and county, or one each. In the latter instance, close working relations must be effected. The coordinator may be one of the principle elected officials or an appointee. In view of the nature of Civil Defense activity it is log1cal that the Civil Defense Director be given this duty. He would, of course, report to the heads of local government. Whoever the coordinator may be, he must join with the Disaster Chairman of the local Red Cross Chap-

ter to effect closely coordinated action between Red Cross ond local government. Specifically, the duties of the Disaster Coordinator should also include:
1. Acting for the head or heads of local government in effecting coordinated action by the divisions or units of local government.
2. Providing regular reports to the heads of local government so that he or they will be fully informed of the situation.
3. Providing regular reports to the State Disaster Coordinator as to the local situation

and making recommendations for action from the state level. Serving as a channel for requesting aid from state levels.
4. Furnishing information regarding disaster preparedness planning to people of the county.
5. Providing appropriate liaison and, therefore, a means to coordinating action with state and federal agency units located locally.
6. Being prepared to join with other local communities for mutual aid activity.

C. STATE GOVERNMENT

The next level of government concerned is the

state, which is responsible to the people in the

same ways as local government. In addition, state

government must provide supplement to the ef-

forts of local government and also provide the

channel for securing help from the Federal level

for meeting governmental responsibilities. To

these ends the State Disaster Coordinator was

appointed and this plan prepared.

Meeting these responsibilities requires coop-

eration and coordination of all state departments

and agencies which have resources for disaster

situations. The use of these resources is con-

trolled by statt.te and policy of the individual

departments and/or agencies. It is not the intent

or authority of the State Coordinator to over-ride

the established program of the department or

agencies, rather to provide a means for their or-

l

derly use in given situations. Specifically, the responsibilities of the State Disaster Coordinator

include:

1. Developing appropriate plans for coordi-

nating the efforts of all state departments

i,

and agencies in disasters.
2. Acting for the Governor of the State in effecting coordinated action by all sections

or units of state government.

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3. Providing regular reports to the Governor and the principle state officials so that

they will be fully informed of the situation.

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4. Serving as advisor to the Governor in his effort to secure federal assistance and
D. FEDERAL

providing liaison for state government to the Federal Civil Defense Administration in the securing of federal assistance.
5. Providing liaison for state government to the American ~~otionol Red Cross and working with that organization in establishing sound plans for coordinated action.
6. Providing I iaison in matters of mutual aid with other states.
7. Maintaining contact with local government in time of disasters so as to make state assistance available as local resources are proven to be insufficient or inadequate.
Responsibilities of each state department or agency is found in Annex 3. In general, however, each state deportment or agency is responsible for:
1. Preparing adequate plans for action in disasters.
2. Providing continuous liaison to the !>tote Disaster Coordinator so that there will be a free flow of information necessary tc: this proper function and coordination.
3. Maintaining normal program activity in their own field, but at the same time making all possible assistance available in the disaster emergency.
4. Providing a full final report of its disaster activities to the State Disaster Coordinator for transmitta I to the Governor and/or other principle state officials.
GOVERNMENT

j

Federal ,;overnment assistance in natural dis-

Executive Order tlo. 10427 stipulates that Fed-

asters is provided only as a supplement to the eral assistance is to be coordinated by the Fed-

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efforts and resources of local communities and states to meet their responsibilities in such dis-

eral Civil Defense Administration acting on behalf of the President of the United States.

asters. The authority of Federal Government

Public Law 875 as amended, provides for Fed-

agencies to provide such assistance is contained eral assistance in those natural disasters which

in Public Low 87 5, as amended (see Annex ho. the President regards as "major di sosters," be-

1), in the statutory authority of the various agen-

cause in his opinion, state and local resources

cies, and in their existing policies and practices.

are, or will be, insufficient to meet the problems

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created by the disaster. The prov1s1ons of th" law are involved only upon the President's declaration that such a "major disaster" has or is about to occur. The usual programs of several federal agencies provides for emergency action by the agency, without relation to Public Law 875. In either instance, the Federal Civi I Defense Administration serves as a coordinating body.
Federal assistance must be requested by local and state governments and one of the purposes of this plan is to outline the procedure in making such requests.
Federal assistance i_s not a substitute for or

replacement of activities of the American National Red Cross and further, no federal funds authorized under Public Law 875 will be used to reimburse states or political subdivisions for expenditures made within the area of Red Cross responsibility. Federal agencies may assist Red Cross, on its request, in carrying out its responsibilities. Prior to enactment of Public Law 875 the American National Red Cross has established working understanding with many federal agencies for mutual cooperation in time of disaster. Nothing in the act invalidates or changes those understandings.

E. THE AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS

In general, the responsibility of the American National Red Cross is to assist families and individuals in meeting disaster-caused emergency and rehabilitative needs which they cannot meet from their own resources.
The Red Cross has both an official and moral mandate that It has neither the power nor the right to surrender. Its responsibilities are placed upon it by the federal government and the general expectation of the American people. The broad foundation upon which the Red Cross therefore rests is such that it provides a channel for the generosity and humanitarian impulses of the entire population. Red Cross seeks and welcomes cooperation with governmental agencies. At the same time, it places the Red Cross in a unique position in this field of social effort. Red Cross and gnvernment are independent of each other, each being responsible for its own financial commitments.
In the immediate emergency period, Red Cross undertakes to provide the essentials of f.,od, clothing, shelter, and supplemental mAdical aid to disaster sufferers. In addition, in the emergency phase, Red Cross may assist government in specified fields which include warning, rescue and voluntary evacuation. Certain other emergency services are also provided such as survey of damage, transportation of disaster victims and their household goods, transportation of supplies and equipment, communication and welfare inquiries, Red Cross encourages all groups who can assist in these fields to join with it in the interest of total community planning.
In the rehabilitative phase, Red Cross assists
u {iive J3looJ

individuals and families by meeting basic needs which the individual and fami Iies cannot provide through their own resources, This includes basic maintenance, repair or rebuilding of homes, household furnishings, medical and nursing care and occupational supplies and equipment.
The Chapter, with its volunteers, i"s the medium
through which Red Cross is organized locally to meet the needs in a disaster. The National organization of Red Cross is responsible for advising and guiding chapters in their activities and for supplementing their efforts to meet Red Cross responsibility. This supplementation may may include such funds, supplies and trained personnel as are necessary to cope with the situation. The local chapter is charged with the formation of a volunteer disaster preparedness committee to meet Red Cross responsibility. The chairman of that committee heads its activities, reporting to the Chapter Chairman. Additional duties of the Disaster Chairman include:
1. Developing of adequate plans by the committee.
2. Providing training to the various committee members.
3. Establishing liaison to local government and for joining with the heads of or coor-' dinator of local government activities in the formation of coordinated plans.
4. Reporting disasters and related chapter activity to the area office of the National organization.
5. To make readily available the channels for the generosity of the general public,
See Operational Procedures- Section 3.

Wkile ljou .Have !Jt ''

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TABLE SHOWING GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES

GOVERNMENTAL RESPONS~BILITY
(To all persons within its jurisdiction, financed by government)
A. Protection af persons and property:
1. Warning of impending danger 2. Enforced evacuation 3. Rescue and first aid 4. Maintenance of law and order 5. Fire precautions and protection 6. Designation of, control and removal of
hazard to protect Iife and health 7. Public health and sanitation:
a. Supervision and inspection of water supply
b. Biologicals c. Control of communicable diseases d. Supervision and inspection 8. Care of the dead (Coroner's duties) 9. Traffic control
B. Provision of usual services:
1. Welfare and health 2. PubIic institutions 3. Public transportation
4. Public communication
5. Remova I of debris from public property 6. Salvage of uncia imed property 7. Inspection of buildings for safety
c. Restoration of public property such as:
1. Public buildings 2. Sewage systems 3. Water systems 4. Streets and highways 5. Other public projects

RED CROSS RESPONSIBILITY
(To disaster affected persons, financed by Red Cross)
A. Provision of emergency necessities:
1. Supplementary medical, nursing and hospital care
2. Food 3. Shelter 4. Clothing
B. Provision of emergency services:
1. Transportation of disaster victims 2. Transportation of supplies and equipment 3. Communications facilities 4. Welfare inquiries 5. Survey of family needs 6. Transportation and storage of household
goods
c. Rehabilitation of families, including:
1. Temporary maintenance 2. Medical, nursing and hospita I care 3. Repairing or rebuilding of homes
4. Household furnishings 5. Agricultural and other occupational
assistance 6. Advisory services to individuals and
families
D. Maintenance of appropriate records
E. Assistance to Government in:
1. Warning 2. Voluntary evacuation 3. Rescue

((Civil :!Je/en.Je
i3 Contnton $en3e ''

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SECTION 3. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
GENERAL

As indicated in the following statements, local government operating in conjunction with local Red Cross chapters have first responsibility in disaster situations. When local governmental officials find that the disaster is of such an extent that they cannot carry out governmental res ponsibilities they may appeal to the state government through the State Disaster Coordinator. Red Cross chapters will seek assistance to meet Red Cross responsi bi litie:; by contacting the Southeastern Area Office of the Red Cross.
When the state government finds that it needs assistance in meeting its responsibilities, the Governor may request help from the Federal Gov-

ernment. It is imperative that all understand: 1. The capabilities and limitations of State and Federal agencies in their efforts to assist. 2. That adherence to the plan, the regulations and channels of communications, will expedite rather than delay procedures. Deviation therefrom leads to confusion. 3. That State and Federal agencies furnishing assistance in disaster situations do not lose their identity, and are required to carry out their normal functions. Instructions pertaining to disaster situations are
of a mission type.

OPERA TJONAL PROCEDURES



RED CROSS

This statement of procedures by the American Red Cross when disaster strikes gives the principle steps taken at the local, area (regional} and national headquarters levels in both the immediate emergency and rehabilitative phases. Specific details are omitted in the interest of brevity and action is described by beginning at the local Ieve I. The chapter is the basic medi urn through which Red Cross is organized to meet disasters. Frequently, because of methods of communication and varied sources of information, there wi II be action on the area and national headquarters levels, simultaneously with that in the chapter.
The action described below is in addition to pre-disaster preparedness work which fa ci litotes and makes possible the actions indicated. In their preparedness work each committee will have reviewed its responsibilities, evaluated hazards, analyzed community resources and made arrangements for their use.
1. The chapter headquarters office may be notified of the occurence or impending occurence
1. The chapter headquarters office may be notified of the occurrence or impending occurrence of a disaster in various ways, i.e. Its own preparedness committee members, fire department, police and sheriff's office, weather bureau, etc. In any event, the information is given to the Disaster Chairman.
2. The Disaster Committee Chairman immediately alerts the sub-committees and proceeds to
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the agreed upon headquarters. He will establish immediate liaison with the responsible representative of local government and maintain that contact for coordination purposes.
3. The functions of the Disaster Preparedness and Relief Committee ore listed below. Their action in addition to providing coverage and coordination at the headquarters includes:
a. Survey -Immediately making an Jn the field" evaluatiC:.n of ~he effects of the disaster. This is reported to the Disaster Chairman at local headquarters.
b. Warning, Rescue and Evacuation- Assisting as needed local government units by putting into action local Red Cross volunteer resources of personnel and material. Disseminating official warning information and provide voluntary rescue and evacuation.
c.- Food, Shelter, Clothing- Providing the basic essentials on a mass basis to disaster sufferers. Opening and staffing such installations or centers as the situation requires. Keeping clase contact with the survey and evacuation groups to maintain a level of operation consistent with the need.
d. Medical and Nursing- Providing supplementary assistance to local medical facilities, thus immediate review and evaluation of the situation is required. Providing medical and nursing care as needed in shelters and emergency medical stations. Providing such additional supplies as situation demands either through local purchase or contact with the Area Office.

e. Transportation and Communication- Providing the means of meeting the transportation and communication needs of all Red Cross subcommittees by mobilizing the necessary local equipment and personnel.
f. f. Family Service -(1) Providing services to individuals and families including emergency assistance and taking applications for rehabilitation. (2) Providing the information service at the disaster headquarters. (3) Providing the system for handling welfare inquiries received by radio, phone, telegraph, etc.
g. Public Information -Immediately establishing contact with radio, press, and T.V. outlets to maintain a flow of public information to disaster victims, the public at large, in order to interpret the job of Red Cross in the emergency and rehabilitation phases.
h. Fund Raising- Determining the most effective means of immediately opening channels for contributions by general public. Coordinating local fund appeal with national organization fund raising efforts. Immediate clearance with the Southeastern Area Office is required. Making appropriate releases through the Public Information Committee.
4. The Disaster Chairman will immediately advise the Southeastern Area Office of the occurrence of the disaster and maintain contact to give full a;>praisal of the situation and relief activities.
S. The Southeastern Area Office Disaster Service will give such advice and counsel to the chapter as needed relative to supplies and personnel.
6. The Area Office Disaster Service, an 24 hour duty, will mobilize personnel to staff the headquarters office. Action will be initiated simultaneously to move field staff to the disaster scene to assist the chapter. Supplies will be moved as needed.
7. Liaison is effected by the Area Office to the State Disaster Coordinator either by long distance communication or assignment of a staff

member or both. Joint activity is initiated to have the Governor issue the appropriate proclamation supporting the Red Cross fund effort- See attached sample. Annex l.
8. The Area Office notifies the National Headquarters of the d isoster situation and rna into ins a constant flow of information to that office. Assistance from other areas or National Headquarters is secured through this contact. Provides information as requested to members of Congress and maintains liaison with federal agencies. Appropriate releases are made to press, radio and T.V. outlets in Atlanta and/or Washington.
9. Contact is made by Area Office Disaster Service with the Federal Civil Defense Administration Regional Office and other federal agency regional offices as indicated by prior agreements. These may include among others, Third Army, U.S. Public Health Service, Small Business Administration, Federal Housing Administration and Department of Agriculture, depending on the sit" uotion. Assistance to Red Cross or sharing of information will be effected as the need is indicated by the Area Office.
10. The type of administrative system to be used in managing the total Red Cross activities is determined by the Area Office and National Headquarters. Initial allotments of funds may be made.
11. Rehabilitative action for individuals and families will be initiated as soon as possible in the disaster area, by staff from chapter and/or national organization.
12. Regular reports to appropriate local, state and fed era I government officials wi II be made throughout the operation. The general public will be kept fully informed as to expenditures and progress of relief activities by public releases.
13. Red Cross disaster offices will be closed as the situation dictates. Because of the nature of rehabilitation work the Red Cross will be functioning in the situation for a longer period than most other agencies.

BASIC POLICIES OF AMERICAN RED CROSS IN DISASTER RELIEF

The following basic policies of the American

2. The Red Cross does not make loons to fam-

Red Cross ore its guides in disaster relief:

ilies or individuals having needs as a result of a

1. Disaster caused need and not loss is the disaster; its assistance is on outright gift from

basis upon which assistance to Disaster sufferers the American people, with no obligation to repay

is given. Disaster relief to victims is extended on the port of the recipient.

only as necessary to supplement the actual and

3. In the conduct of disaster relief services,

potential resources of the families and individ- the Red Cross represents all of the people of the

uals affected. Relief is given on an individual or United States of America and extends aid without

family basis. Mass relief is extended during the regard to racial, religious, political or other of-

emergency period but is terminated at the earliest filiation.

possible date. Rehabilitation aid, determined

4. In meeting disaster-caused needs, th~ Red

through case work processes, is given on the Cross is not restricted by any rigid categories of

basis of individual or family needs.

relief but extends its assistance in the form that

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will most directly contribute to the rehabilitation of victims.
5. Administrative responsibility and financial control are inseparable. In assuming responsibility for ref ief, therefore, the Red Cross requires that all funds utilized by it in extending relief shall be expended in accordance with its established policies. Disaster funds are considered trust funds and may be used only for the relief or prevention of distress created or aggravated by d isoster.
6. When the need created by a disaster can be adequately met by the application of local resources, the appropriate Red Cross chapter is expected to assume res pons ibi lity for extending relief. However, in disaster situations creating needs beyond local resources, the national organization wi II assume responsibility and provide . necessary additional resources.
7. The Red Cross endeavors to avoid a II duplication of the work of the other agencies and in the discharge of its obligations recognizes the responsibilities of government in disasters. The Red Cross does not assume responsibility for governmental functions but supports the work of government authorities in alleviating the distress cesulting from disasters. The Red Cross has established cooperative understandings and agreements with other agencies, governmental and non-

governmental, with regard to the services, to be rendered to persons in need as a result of disaster.
8. It is the policy af the Red Cross in conducting a disaster relief operation always to avail itself of the services of volunteers and to mobilize and utilize fully local resources. The Red Cross never confiscates supplies or commandeers services.
9. Situations created by economic maladjustments, including the usual hazards of industry and agriculture, are not considered to be within the responsibility of the Red Cross for disaster preparedness and relief. However, where there is suffering and want from any cause and fundamental human needs are not being met, Red Cross chapters may participate in community action in extending ref ief.
10. The Red Cross does not directly assist commercial or industrial concerns, nor does it directly aid educational, charitable or religious organizations, since these are supported from public funds or themselves seek contributions for their work.
11. Insofar, as is feasible, all relief expenditures made by Red Cross are kept in the normal channels of trade in affected areas.
12. Individual awards and case records are kept confident ia I.

The Cartoon Figure For Home Protection Usee/ By The American Legion

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ANNEX 1 a. LEGAL AUTHORITY

CIVIL DEFENSE ACT AMENDED
No. 643 (House Bill No. 630) From General Acts and Resolutions, Vol. Georgia Laws 1953- November-December Session
Page 171

An Act to amend an Act entitled "An Act relating to the establishment of a civil defense agency and other organizations for civil defense within this State; granting certain executive powers with respect thereto and for other and related purposes," approved February 19, 1951 (Ga. Laws 1951, P. 224), so as to include common natural disasters within the policy and purpose of said Act; to provide that the Civil Defense Director shall be the Disaster Coordinator; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia as follows:
SEC. 1. An Act entitled "An Act relatingto the establishment of a civil defense agency and other organizations for ci vii defense within this state; granting certain executive powers with respect thereto and for other and related purposes," opproved February 19, 1951 (Ga. Laws 1951, P. 224), is hereby amended by inserting in Section 2 (a) after the words "resulting from enemy attack, sabo.tage or other hostile action," ''the words and from common natural disasters," sa that soid section when so amended shall read as follows:
SEC. 2. Policy and purpose. (a} Because of the existing and increasing possibility of the occurrence of disasters or emergencies of unprecedented size and destructiveness resulting from enemy attack, sabotage or other hostile action, and from common natural disasters, and in order to insure that preparations of this State

will be adequate to deal with such disasters or emergencies, and generally to provide for the common defense and to protect the public peace, health, and safety, and to preserve the Iives and property of the people of the State of Georgia, it is hereby found and declared to be necessary: (1) to create a State Civil Defense Agency, and to authorize the creation of local organizations for civil defense in the political subdivisions of the State; (2) to confer upon the Governor and upon the executive heads or governing bodies of the political subdivisions of the State the emergency powers provided herein; and (3) to provide for the rendering of mutual aid among the political subdivisions of the State, and with other States, and with the Federal Government with respect to the carrying out of civil defense functions; and (4) to authorize the establishment of such organizations and the taking of such steps as are necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions of this Act."
SEC. 2. Said Act is further amended by adding onto Section 4 a new subsection, which shall be known as Subsection (f), which shall read as follows:
"(f) The Civil Defense Director shall also be the Disaster Coordinator and shall Act for the Governor when requested to do so."
SEC. 3. All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act are hereby repealed.
Approved December 17, 1953.

HOME NURSING

~
j11_

11

ANNEX 1 b. LEGAL AUTHORITY

Public Low 875- 81st Congress (Chapter 1125- 2nd Session} (.H. R. 8396}

AN ACT

To authorize Federal assistance to States and local governments in major disasters, and for
other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in

otion, or any other agency of the executive branch the Federal Government, excepting, however, the Amerir.on Notional Red Cross.
SEC. 3: In any major disaster, federal agencies ore hereby authorized when directed by the President to provide assistance (a) by utilizing

Congress assembled, that it is the intent of Congress to provide on orderly and continuing means

or lending, with or without compensation therefor, to States and local governments their equipment,

of assistance by the Federal Government to

supplies, facilities, pHsonnel and other resour-

States and local governments in carrying out

ces, other than the extension of credit under the

their responsibilities to alleviate suffering and damage resulting from major disasters, to repair

authority of any Act; (b) by distributing, through the American ~iationol Red Cross or otherwise,

essential public facilities in major disasters, and

medicine, food, and othe.- consumable supplies;

to foster the development of such State and local

(c} by donating to States and local governments

organizations and plans to cope with major dis-

equipment and supplies determined under then

asters as may be necessary. SEC. 2: As used in this Act, the foil owing
terms shall be construed as follows unless a con-

existing low to be surplus to the needs and responsibilities of the Federal Government; and (d) by performing on public or private lands protec-

trary intent appears from the context:

tive and other work essential for the preservation

(a} "Major disaster" means any flood, drought,

of life and property, clearing debris and wreckage,

fire, hurricane, earthquake, storms, or other ca-

making emergency repairs to and temporary re-

tastrophe in any port of the United States, which

placements of public facilities of local govern-

in the determination of the President, is or

ments damaged or destroyed in such major disas-

threatens to be of suffi c:ient severity and mogn i-

ter, and making contribution to States and local

tude to warrant disaster assistance by the Fed-

governments for purposes stated in subsection

eral Government to supplement the efforts and

(d). The authority conferred by this Act, and any

available resources of States and local govern-

funds provided hereunder shall be supplementary

ments in alleviating the damage, hardship, or

to, and not in substitution for, nor in limitation of

suffering caused thereby, and respecting which

any other authority conferred or funds provided

the governor of any State (or the Boord of Com-

under any other low. Any funds received by Fed-

missioners of the District of Columbia} in which such catastrophe may occur or threaten certifies the need for disaster assistance under this Act,

eral agencies as reimbursement for services or supplies furnished under the authority of this section shall be deposited to the credit of the appro-

and shall give assurance of expenditure of a rea-

priation or appropriations currently available for

sonable amount of the funds of the Government of

such services or supplies. The Federal Govern-

such State, local governments therein, or other agencies, for the some or similar purposes with

ment shall not be liable for any claim based upon the exercise or performance or the failure to ex-

respect to such catastrophe; (b) "United States" includes the District of

ercise or perform a discretionary function or duty on the port of a Federal agency or on employee

Columbia, Alaska, Hawoi i, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin. Islands;

of the Government in carrying out the provisions of this section.

(c} "State" means any State in the United States, Alaska, Hawaii/ Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands;
(d) ''Governor" means the chief executive of
any State; (e) "Local government" means any county,
city, village, town, district, or other political subdivision of any State, or the District of Columbia;
(f) "Federal ogen~y" means any deportment, independent establishment, Government corpor-

SEC. 4: In providing such assistance hereunder, Federal agencies shall cooperate to the fullest extent possible with each other and with States and local governments, relief agencies, and the American Notional Red Cross, but nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to limit or in any way affect the responsibilities of the Ameri con Hotionol Red Cross under the Act approved January 5, 1905 (33 Stat. 599), as amended.
SEC. 5: (a} In the interest of pro'<-iding max-

12

imum mobilization of Federal assistance under this Act, the President is authorized to coordinate in such manner as he may determine the activities of Federal agencies in providing disaster assistance. The President may direct any Federal agency to utilize its available personnel, equipment, supplies. facilities, and other resources,
in accordance with the authonty herein contained. (b) The President may, from time to
time prescribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary and proper to carry out any of the provisions of this Act, and he may exercise any power or authority conferred on him by any section of this Act either directly or through such Federal agency as he may des1gnote.
SEC. 6: If facilities owned by the United States ore damaged or destroyed in any major disaster and the Federal agency having jurisdiction thereof lacks the authority or an appropriation to repair, reconstruct, or restore such facilities, such Federal agency is hereby authorized ta repair, reconstruct, or restore such facilities to the extent necessary to replace them in a reasonable usable condition and ta use therefor any available funds not otherwise immediately required: Provided, however, that the President shall first determine that the repair, reconstruction, or restoration is of such importance and urgency that it cannot reasonably be deferred pending the enactment of specific authorizing legislation or the making of an appropriation therefor. If sufficient funds ore not available to such Federal agency for use in repairing, reconstructing, or restoring such foci Iities as above provided, the President is authorized to transfer to such Federal Agency funds made available under this Act in such amount as he may determine to be warranted in the circumstances. If said funds are insufficient for this purpose, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated to any Federal agency repairing, reconstructing, or restoring facilities under authority of this section such sum or sums as may be necessary to reimburse appropriated funds to the amount expended therefrom.
SEC. 7: In carrying out the purposes of this

Act, any F edera I agency is authorized to accept and utilize with the consent of any State or local government, the services and facilities of such State or local government, or of any agencies, officers, or employees thereof. Any Federal agency, in performing any activities under Section 3 of this Act, is authorized to employ temporarily additional personnel without regard to the civil service laws and the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, and to incur obligations on behalf of the United States by contract or otherwise for the,acquisition, rental, or hire of equipment, services, materials, and supplies for shipping, drayage, travel and communications, and for the supervision and administration of such activities. Such obligations, including obligations arising out of the temporary employment of additional personnel, may be incurred by any agency in such amount as may be made available to it by the President out of the funds specified in Section 8. The President may, also, out of such funds, reimburse any Federal agency for any of its expenditures under Section 3 in connection with a major disaster, such reimbursement to be in such amounts as the President may deem appropriate.
SEC. 8: There is hereby authorized to be appropriated. to the President a sum or sums, not exceeding $5,000,000 in the aggregate, to corry out the purposes of this Act. The President shall transmit to the Congress at the beginning of each regular session a full report covering the expenditure of the amounts so appropriated with the amounts of the allocations to each State under this Act. The President may from time to time transmit to the Congress supplemental reports in his discretion, all of which reports shall be referred to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Public Works of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
SEC. 9: The Act of July 25, 1947 (Public Law 233, Eightieth Congress) entitled "An Act to make surplus property available for the alleviation of damage caused by flood or other catastrophe," is hereby repealed.
Apprpved September 30, 1950.

or ,cuit,t..e ' '

13

AN:~EX 1 c.

LEGAL AuTHORITY

PL 107 which amends PL 875 (Federal Assistance) ta include temporary housing in major
natural disasters.

PLBLIC LAW 107- 82 Congress Chapter 293 - 1st Session H. J. Res. 303

JOINT RESOLUTIOi~

Resolved by the Senate and House of ~epre sentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section 8 (b) (2) of the ~~ational Housing Act, as amended, is hereby amended (1) by inserting after the word "con struction" in both places where it appears therein the words ''or reconstruction" and (2) by striking out the words "and provided further"' in the past proviso thereof and inserting in lieu thereof the words "'Provided further'' and by inserting at the end of said last proviso a colon and the following: "And provided further, That, where the mortgagor is the owner and occupant of the property and establishes (to the satisfaction of the Commissioner) that his home, which he occupied as an owner or as a tenant, was destroyed or damaged to such an extent that reconstruction is required as a result of a flood, fire, hurricane, earthquake, storm or other catastrophe, which the President pursuant to section 2 (a) of the Act entitled 'An Act to author-
ize Federal assistance to States and local

governments in major disasters, and for other purposes' (Public Law 875, Eighty-first Congress, approved September 30, 1950), has determined to be a major disaster,such maximum dollar limitations may be increased by the Com missioner from $4,750to $7,000, and from $5,600 to $8,000 respectively, and the percentage limitation may be increased by the Commissioner from 95 per centum to 100 per centum of the appraised value."
SEC. 2. Section 3 of the Act entitled "An Act to authorize Federal assistance to States and local governments in major disasters, and for other purposes" (Public Law 875, Eightyt irst Congress, approved September 30, 1950), is amended by inserting in clause (d) of the first sentence thereof after the words "in such major disaster" the following: "providing temporary housing on other emergency shelter for families who, as a resu It of such major disaster, require temporary housing or other emergency shelter."

APPROVED AUGUST 3, 1951.

ANNEX 1 d.

LEGAL AUTHORITY

Executive order No. 10427, which charges the Federal Civil Defense Administration with the
operation of PL 875 and amendments.
EXECUTIVE ORDER
ilo. 10427
ADMINISTRATION OF DISASTER RELIEF

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the

and as President of the United States, it is

Act of September 30, 1950, entitled "An Act to authorize Federal assistance to States and local

hereby ordered as follows: Section l. The following-described authority

governments in major disaster, and for other

and functions shall be exercised or performed by

purposes, "64 Stat. 1109, as amended (42 U.S. C. 1855 ff. ), , hereinafter referred to as the act,

the Federal Civil Defense Administrator: (a) The authority conferred upon the President

14

by section 3 of the oct to direct Federal agencies to provide assistance in major disasters.
(b) The authority conferred upon the President by section .:; (a) of the oct to coordinate the activities of Federal ogenci es in providing disaster ossi stance, and to direct any Federal agency to utilize it~ available personnel, equipment, supplies, facilities, and other resources, in accordance with the authority contained in the oct.
(c) The preparation of proposed rules and regulations for the consideration of the President and issuance by him under section 5 (b) of the oct.
(d) The preparation of the annual and supplemental reports provided for by section 8 of the Act for the cons iderotion of the President and transmittal by him to the Congress.
Section 2. In order to further the m"st effec-
tive uti Iizotion of the personne I, equipment, supplies, facilities, and other resources of Federal agencies pursuant to the oct during a major disaster, such agencies shall from time to time make suitable plans and preparations in anticipation of their responsibilities in the event of a major disaster. The Federal Civil i:>efense Ad-
ministrator shall coordinate on behalf of the President such plans and preparations.
Section 3. To the extent authorized by the Act, the Federal Civil Defense Administrator shall foster the development of such State and local organizations and plans as may be necessary to cope with major disasters.
Section 4. Nothing in this order shall be construed to prevent any Federal agency from offording such assistance and tok ing such other action as may accord with the existing policies, practices, or statutory authority of such agency in the event of any disaster which will not permit delay in the commencement of Federal assistance or other C:ederol action, and pending the determination of the President whether the disaster is a mojordisoster: Provided that such assistance ond such other action shall be subject to coordination by the Federal Civil Defense Administrator, acting on behalf of the President.
Section 5. The Federal Civil Defense Administrator may delegate any authority or function
delegated or ossi gned to him by the provisions of this order to any other officer or officers of

the Federal Civil Defense Administration or, with the consent of the head thereof, to any other Federal agency.
Section 6. Federal disaster relief provided under the oct shall be deemed to be supplementary to relief afforded by State, local or private agencies and not in substitution therefor; Federal financial contributions for disaster relief shall be conditioned upon reasonable State and local expenditures for such relief; the limited responsibility of the Federal Government for disaster relief shall be made clear to State and local agencies concerned; and the States shall be encouraged to provide funds which will be available for disaster relief purposes.
Section 7. As used herein, the terms "rna jor disaster" and "Federal Agency" shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the act.
Section 8. So much of the records of the Housing and Home Finance Agency relating to the activities delegated by Executive Order No. 10221 as the housing and Home Finance Administrator and the Federal Civil Defense Adminis!rotor shall jointly determine shall be transferred to the Federal Civi I Defense Adminis-
trot ion.
Section 9. Executive Order No.. 10221 of Morch2, 1951 (16 F.l;!.2051), is hereby revoked: Provided, That the Housing and Home Finance Administrator is hereby authorized and directed to corry out and complete all activities, including reports thereon, provided for by that order in connection with any disaster determined, in accordance with the provisions of the oct. and prior to the effective dote of this order, to be a major d isoster: And provided further, That the Housing and Home Finance Administrator shall prepare the annual and supplemental reports pr~ided for by Section 8 of the act for the calendar year 1952 for the consideration of the President and transmittal by him to the Congress.
Section 10. This order shall become effective January 16, 1953.
Harry S. Truman
THE WHITE HOUSE
January 16, 1953

15

ANNEX 1 e. LEGAL AUTHORITY AUTHORITY-AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS

The authority under which the American National Red Cross assumes responsibility for the relief of persons suffering from disaster is stated in Public Law 4, approved January 5, 1905 (33 Stat. 599), as amended, entitled, "An act to incorporate The American National Red Cross":
'' . to continue and corry on a system of national and international relief in time of peace and apply the same in mitigating the sufferings caused by pestilence, famine, fire, floods, and other great national calamities, and fa devise and carry on measures for preventing the same."
The statement below, quoted froman opinion of the Honorable John W. Davis, when he was Solicitor General, describes in broad terms the duty and obligation of the American Red Cross for disaster relief.
"When any question arises as to the scope and activities of the American Red Cross, it must always be remembered that its charter is not only a grant of power but on imposition of duties. The American Red Cross is a quos i-governmenta I or-

gonizotion, operating under Congressional Charter, officered in port, at least, by governmental appointment, disbursing its funds under the security of a governmental audit, and designated by Presidential order for the fulfillment of certain treaty obligations into which the Government has entered. It owes, therefore, to the Government which it serves the distinct duty of discharging
all those functions for which it was created. ''Not only is it constrained by these considerations growing out of its organic character, but there is also a moral obligation resting upon it to its membership and to the American people who have so freely and generously contributed to its support."
The state government of Georgia recognizes the the some responsibilities of the American National Red Cross and therefore considers the American National Red Cross as the official agency in the state to provide emergency and rehabilitative assistance to families and individuals who cannot meet disaster-caused needs from their own resources.

AN tiE X 1 f.

GOVERNOR'S PROCLAMATION (Sample)

(To be issued in natural disasters only and only on request of Southeastern Area Office
of the American Notional Red Cross)
WHEREAS, the (kind of disaster) has brought distress and suffering to the people of our State; and
WHEREAS, the American National Red Cross is the official disaster relief agency to deal with the problems of individuals and families affected by the (nome of d isoster); and
WHEREAS, the American National Red Cross has on experienced staff capable of seeing that relief is supplied on the basis of need to all disasteraffected persons.

Notional Red Cross, with offices located at _ __ ________Contributions will be restric-
ted for use by the Red Cross in the humane task of coring for the needs of citizens who hove suffered loss in disaster and who ore unable to rehabilitate themselves without assistance.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have

hereunto set my hand and caused

to be affixed the Great Seal of

the State of Georgia at Atlanta,

the Capitol, this ____ A.D.

day of

ATTEST:

NOW THEREFORE, I urge that all citizens and agencies, both public ond private, within the State of Georgia give the Red Cross their full support and cooperation; and

GOVERI'fOR

I further urge that all individuals, groups and organizations, wherever located, desiring to make contributions for the relief of the disaster victims send their contributions to Chapter, American

SECRETARY 16

OF STATE

FEDERAL GOVER~MENT

ACTIVITIES RELATED TO FEDERAL

GOVERNMEtH ASSISTANCE PROVIDED

ThROUGii PuBLIC LAW 875

The Federal C ivi I Defense Administration is

protection of life and property, clearing debris

charged with the responsibility for administering and wreckage, making emergency repoi rs to and

Public Law 875 and for coordinating the activi-

temporary replacements of public facilities of lo-

ties .of Federal agencies in disasters. The pro-

cal governments damaged or destroyed in such

visions of P. L. 875 ore invoked at the request of major disaster"-

the Governor to the President of the United States.

a. Performing protective and other work.

Upon the President's determination that a major disaster is or threatens to be of such severity that it is necessary for the Federal Government to supplement the resources of State and local governments, P. L. 375 is implemented.
The purpose and intent of P. L. 875 is to provide a means whereby Federal assistance may be mode available to supplement the resources of State and local governments in meeting their responsibilities. t-.othing contained in this Act shall be construed to limit or in any way affect the responsibility of the American Notional Red Cross nor shall Federal Funds authorized under this Public Low be used to reimburse States and localities for expenditures mode by them in the areas of Red Cross responsibilities as outlined in Section II. It is not intended that Federal funds will serve as a substitute for or make unneces sory the vol untory contributions from the general public which provides the American Notional Red Cross with funds necessary to discharge its not-

The work performed under this authority is generally that which is necessary at the time of the disaster to protect life and property. Examples ore the construction of emergency dikes and levees, additions to existing dikes and levees, demolition of structures creating a safety hazard, necessary health measures, such as spraying for insect control, rodent control, vocinnotion and inoculation to prevent epidemics, etc. The above clo~ses of work would ordinarily be undertaken during or immediately following the disaster. In addition, protective work to prevent further damage, either from action by the elements or from other causes, would ordinarily be started as soon as conditions permitted. This would apply to protective work on public facilities such as brid .. ges and bridge approaches, culverts, drainage ditches, schools, water works, sewer systems, etc.
b. Clearing debris and wreckage

ural disaster responsibilities.
Certain activities related to providing the President with proper information to assist him in making his determination ore undertaken by the Federal Civil Defense Administration. Certain activities ore also undertaken by the State and local Civil Defense to assist the Governor in making his request to the President for activation of Public Low 875.
It must be remembered tho t there wi II be many

While work of this kind is ordinarily performed on public property, there may be cases where, because of the danger to public health or for the protection of life, such work must be performed
on private property. Where such work is performed on pri vote property, the outh ority to enter on such property and the responsibility for any damage or claim is that of the state or local government.
c. Emergency repairs and temporary replace

disaster situations where a plan or segments of it ore activated, in which P. L. 875 is not involved.

ment of public facilities.

There will also be many situations in which only the local level of government and the area office of the American Notional Red Cross ore active.
The following indicates the type of assistance which might be expected from the Federal Government in the event of a mo jor natural d isoster, so declared by the President:

Emergency repair is generally considered to be the minimum work necessary to re-establish the public facility. Examples would be the temporary construction of on earth fill to replace material washed from behind a bridge abutment or the ''baking out" of an armature of a motor in a city power plant. Emergency repairs would not include

DISASTER CRITERIA

the repaving of the road over the washed-out area nor the purchase of a new motor to replace the

flooded motor. Occasion will arise where the only

Section 3.d of Public Low 875 provides assistance "by performing on public or private lands protective and other work es sent-ia I for the

emergency repair that can re-estobl ish the facility may constitute a permanent repair. For example, the valves of a well pump may be so plugged with

17

debris that they must be replaced before service can be resumed. Renuvation beyond that necessary to remove health hazards for resumption of essential service would not be considered emergency repair. Temporary replacement of public facilities will ordinarily be the provision of emer.gency facilities during a period of permanent repair or replacement of the damaged facility. Examples would be the provision of a temporary bridge while a permanent bridge is being repaired or constructed, and a provision of temporary facilities in which to hold school during permanent repairs or reconstruction of the damaged school. Each individual situation must be considered on the bas is of fact and sound engineering and administrative judgment used in determining the action to be taken.
d. Contributions for work performed under
Section 3 d.
Taking into consideration all of the provisions of the interim operating procedure, contributions may be made for the work performed as outlined in a., b., and c., above, or for that portion of it which is properly reimbursable under the agreement with the State and for the individual projects approved.
At the request of the state or local community, a grant equal to the amount of the agreed contribution may be paid to the state or local community to be used in the permanent repair or replacement in lieu of the work agreed to be performed under a. or c. above, providing such permanent repair or replacement will accomplish the protective or replacement objective for which the individual project was approved.
In determining the amount to be considered as a grant, the estimated cost of the preventive or protective work or the emergency repair or temporary replacement shall include only those items of work, including Iabar, material and equipment charges, necessary to provide minimum protection or temporary replacement or emergency repair.
REGISTER OF FEDERAL AGEt~CIES
FUNCTIONS OR CAPABILITIES IN DISASTER
SITUATIONS

lems, renovation of equipment and farm facilities. Contact with a County Extention Agent or Home Demonstration Agent usually located at the County Court House will make this service available.
b. Commodity Credit Corporation: This or-
ganization, operating through Production and Marketing Administration has been instrumental in providing livestock feed to disaster damaged areas. No basic authority exists for such action and it is necessary to delegate authority under the provisions of Public Law 87S. Operating funds are available to the Corporation, but expenditures must be reimbursed from disaster funds. Contact the County Production and Marketing Administration Committees usually located at the County Seat.
c. Farm Credit Administration: Provides loan
assistance through (1) Production Credit Asso-
ciations and (2) National Farm Loan Associations for farm rehabilitation on a rather restricted basis and National Farm Loan Association loans must be secured by first mortgages. Contact the Farm Credit Administration office serving the area, the nearest National Farm Loan Association or a Federal Land Bank.
d. Farmers Home Administration: Provides
loan assistance at rate of 5 percent on unpaid principal for periods up to ten years to farmers requiring assistance in purchase of feed, seed, fertilizer, livestock, equipment and repair or replacement of damaged farm buildings and renovation of farm property. Security for loan is req~,~ired. Contact Farmers Home Administration State Director, or the Farmers Home Administration County Supervisor, usually located at the County Seat. See list attached of offices of the Farmers Home Administration in Georgia.
e. Forest Service: This Service has extensive
authority to operate in disaster situations located in or immediately adjacent to the National Forests. It is well equipped and has personnel trained in many types of disaster operation such as fire fighting, snow removal and rescue operations. The Service is a prolific source of assistance and advice in areas in which it operates. Contact the nearest Regional Forester or a Forest Supervisor.

1. Agriculture, Department of

Region- Peachtree Building, 50 - 7th St. N. E., Atlanta, Georgia

a. Extention Service: Advice on clean-up of

f. Production and Marketing Administration

damaged property, sanitary precautions, water supply and sewage disposal, insect infestations, use of canned and locker stored food subsequent to interrupted power service, use of electric service after disaster, safety of damaged buildings, food and water for livestock, substitute planting for damaged crops, grain storage prob-

(Now the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Committee): Provides storage, dis tributes and under certain conditions, donates agricultural products. Has been active in previous disasters in providing livestock feed to disaster areas and has served as a coordinating agent of

18

the Department of Agriculture activities in disaster areas_ Contact through the County Production and Marketing Administration Committees-
g. Rural Electrification Administration:

ways and bridges damaged by disasters may be available on a 50/50 matching basis. Requests must channel through the appropriate State Highway Department.

Assists in restoration of power in Rural Electrification Administration service lines. Can be utilized as a source of assistance on power difficulties on non-REA problems by :;elegation of authority from Public Law 875. Contact County Agency or County Agricultural Mobilization Committee to locate nearest Rural Electrification Administration cooperate.
h. Soil Conservation Service: Provides

c. Civil Aeronautics Administration: This
agency maintains an extensive air navigation and communication network. It may provide communications for local authorities when commercial facilities are not available; will assist in in determining damage to airports and may participate in repair and restoration; and, will assist in mobi Iization of local civi I aviation for emergency operation. May be contacted through any airport officials.

technical assistance and some equipment for farm equipment for farm rehabilitation and conservation repairs on damaged agricultural lands. Contactth rough Soil Conservation Service Office.

2.

Atomic Energy Commission

Although information regarding facilities of the Atomic Energy Commission is in many cases classified information and this agency has not been called on in previous disaster operations, it is probable that some of the equipment, material and outstanding personnel of the organization could be utilized to great advantage in subsequent disasters where such action does not seriously infringe on accomplishment of their primary mission. Contact wi II be made with the Atomic Energy Commission at the Washington level and appropriate directives issued.

l.

Civil Service Commission

Although Public Law 875 provides for certain exemptions from Civil Service Laws and the Classification Acts, Civil Service Commission can be of great assistance in locating required personnel and accomplishing their assignment to Federal agencies for service in a disaster area. Contact the nearest Civil Service Commission office.

4.

Department of Commerce

a. National Production Authority: ~iational
Production Authority has issued regulations to to give priority assistance on materials and equipment required for repair and rehabilitation. Wi II assist in location of emergency supplies and shipment to disaster areas. Under emergency selfauthorization most materials can be acquired. When assistance is needed the nearest i'lational Production Authority field representative may h~ contacted.
b. Bureau of Public Roads: Under Federal-
aid Highway Act Federal :unds for emergency repair or reconstruction of federally aided high-

d. Weather Bureau: Furnishes advice of
present and long range forecasts, disseminates information regarding storm centers, river levels, rainfall and comparable data to key officials and to some extent to the public. Contact through any weather station or through news-service if not locally avai Iable.
e. Coast and Geodetic Survey: Will furnish
furnish maps, air and navigation charts on request of proper officials.
5. Department of Defense
The Department of Defense, acting through the three subordinate Departments, has broad power and authority to take necessary action in any situation affecting the security or welfare of the ilation. Assistance to the Red Cross by any of the armed forces is secured by the local chapter through the Southeastern Area office.
a. Department of the Army: Has issued Army
Regulations 500- 700 and directives covering authority of local commanders to function in disaster conditions. May use armed services, equipment and material to extensive degree under emergency conditions. Contact with nearest commanding officer of Army installation will place requests for assistance in proper channels.
b. Corps of Engineers: Basic authority is
vested in the Chief of Engineers to repair, restore or strengthen existing flood control works damaged or threatened by floods. Also has authority to perform drainage and debris clearance work when damage threatens flood control installations. Wi II assist in surveys of damages and proposals for repairs to any river structures or installations. Contact District or Division Engineer, Corps of Engineers.
c. Department of the Navy: Under basic au-
thoritvand policy may furnish assistance in emergenri.es by providing general supplies or personnel, floating equipment including small craft,

19

generating equipment, etc., and assistance in
airlifts or sea rescue. Nearest Naval installation wi II place an~' requests in proper channels.

d. Department of the Air Force: Cooperates

with civilian authorities in emergency aid and relief actions by furnishing airlift and rescue craft and personnel. Contact nearest Air Force ins tall ation.

6. Defense Transportation Administration

Makes surveys and takes action, if necessary, for use of domestic transport and storage foci Iities. Surveys damaged warehouses, freight terminals, passenger and freight facilities, grain elevators, and makes allocation of material wher.; necessary. Local emergency committees consisting of Defense Transportation Administration, Interstate Commerce Commission, Bureau of Public Roads, Civil Aeronautics Administattion and the Military Traffic Service of the Department of Defense have been established.

7.

Economic Stabilization Agency

a. Office of Price Stabilization: Will take
necessary action regarding unusual price situations or make adjustments due to disaster conditions. Contact nearest Office of Price Stabilization Office.
b. Wage Stabilization Board: Handles ques-

10.

Federal Security Agency

a. Food and Drug Administration: Has responsi-
bility to prevent use of products constituting a menaceta public health. Will assist in organizing teamsJ Federal, State and local, to survey all foods,dru!ls, and cosmetics exposed to disaster action. Will assist in salvage of useable articles exposed to disaster. Contact nearest District Chief, Food and Drug Administration.
b. Public Health Service: Will provide technical
advice and assistance in relation to contaminated water supply, disruption of sewage services, disposal of garbage and dead livestock, rodent control, contamination of Glairy producing facilities, and general hazards to public health. Will assist in supplying water treatment facilities, spraying of contaminated areas and clean-up of living and working quarters. Works in close cooperation with Stote Departments of Health and Welfare. Contact Regional Office, Federal Security Agency or State Health Department.
c. Office of Education: Advice and assistance
regarding repairs to educationa I foci li ties. Contact Regional Office. Federal Security Agency.

11.

General Services Administration

tions on wage and hour changes and wage stabi 1ization regulations. Contact Regional Director, Wage Stabilization Board.

c. Office of Rent Stabilization: Administers
Federal rent regulations on ceiling rents. Contact Area Rent Director in areas where controls still exist.

8.

Federa I Communications Commission

a. Public Buildings Service: lias responsibility
for maintenance and operation of most Federal buildings. Will furnish advice on repair of public buildings. Source of engineering and architectural personnel. Contact at Regional Offices, General Services Administration.
b. Federal Supply Service: The Federal pur-
chasing agency. Can advise on location of Federal surplusses and sources for purchase. Contact through General Services Administration Regional Office.

Provides for clearance of emergency communications and use of frequencies for amateur operators. Does not control repair or restoration performed under original authority. Contact Engineer.in-Charge, Federal Communications Commission, major cities.

c. National Archives and Records Service: Ad-
vises and assists on preservation of public documents. Contact through General Services Administration Regional Offices.

12.

Housing and Home Finance Agency

9.

Federal Reserve Board

The Federal Reserve Banks are authorized to relax restraints in installment .credit for repairs or replacement of disaster losses under "Regulation W." ''Regu lotion X" pertaining to real estate construction is automatically relaxed when disaster occurs. The Board can extend credit or participate in loans not exceeding five years maturity. Contact any Federal Reserve Bank.

This agency has administered Federal disaster assistance program from March 1951 to January 1953. The Community Foci lities and Special Operations Division have investigated and supervised repair and restoration of public facilities under all major disasters during this and preceding periods. This agency may be a source of personnel and effort if additia,.al help is required. Contact,Regional Housing and Home Finance Agen;y Offices.

20

a, Federal Housing Administration: This agency
may insure up to 100% loans for replacements of homes destroyed by disasters ond waive requirements on down payments for repair and rehabilitation in disaster areas. Contact District uirector,Federal Housing Administration.
b. Public Housing Administration: This agency
has handled necessary provision of emergency housing occasioned by disaster through delegation. A source of advice and assistance on housing requirements. Contact District or State Public Housing Administration Director.

13.

Department of the Interior

a. Bureau of Mines: Has major Federal respon-
sibilities in mine disasters and will assist by pro vidi ng engineers and safety personnel for inspection and fire prevention, explosions and other hazards, such as escaping gas. Contact thrqu!/1 State department dealing with public safety.
b. Bureau of Reclamation: A widespread organ-
. ization with major responsi bi li ty for Federal reclamation projects. Will assist with personnel and contract organizations on wide variety of work including flood contra I. Contact Regional Director, Bureau of Reclamation.
c. Bureau of Land Management: This agency
has an extensive organization with trained personnel, equipment and material located principally in those areas of public domain. They have snow removal and road repair functions on Federal reservations and may be extremely helpful in disasters to be anticipated. Contact Regional Administrator, Bureau of Land Management.
d. Bureau of Indian Affairs: Agency has primary responsibilities on Indian reservations for roads, public buildings and welfare of inhabitants. Contact through Area Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs or Superintendent of any reservation.
e. Geological Survey: Has Federal responsi bi 1-
ity for information and facts concerning nation's minerals and water resources, Has vital information in connection with extensive water supply problems. Contact District Geologist.
f. National Park Service: Has major responsi-
bilities for all installations in National Parks. Has equipment and trained personnel who may be uti lized in flood and snow disasters, Contact Superintendent, National Parks.

g. Fish and Wild Life Service: Authority on
fish and wild I ife with wide spread organization and some equipment. Primary responsibility in game refuge areas. Source of personnel. Contact Regional Director, Fish and Wild Life Service.
h. Defense Electric Power Administration: As-
sists in obtaining electric power equipment. Contact Administrator, Defense Electric Power Administration.
i. Defense Solid Fuels Administration: Will
assist in direction for movement of solid fuels to disaster area, if required. Contact Administrator, Defense Solid Fuels Administration.

14.

Deportment of Labor

a. Bureau of Employment Security: Works with
State employment security agencies in providing unemployment insurance and placement service. Workers unemployed because of disaster can file claims for unemployment insurance at offices of State employment security agency or may find jobs through public employment offices. Contact Regional Director, Bureau of Employment Security.
b. Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Division:
This Agency handles wage and hour problems in connection with disaster operations. Contact Regional Director. Wages and Hours Contract Division.

15.

Department of the Treasury

a. U.S. Coast Guard: Provides assistance to
civilian authorities in nature of boats, aircraft and communications in connection with rescue and evacuation. Contact Commanding Officer, any Coast Guard Installation.
b. Division of Disbursement: Distributes Fed-
eral funds upon certification of proper Federal agency. Wi II handle payment to states and local agencies under approved disaster project. Contact Regional Disbursing Officer.

16.

Veterans Administration

Has certain authority to waive requirements for down payments on homes to replace disaster damaged facilities. Loans up to 100% of value with maturities of 30 years may be guaranteed. Loans for repair and rehabilitation to a maximum of $500 are available for homes where Veterans Administration has mortgage on property. Consult Veterans Administration Regional Office.

21

ANNEX 3
FUNCTIONS OF STATE DEPARTMENTS IN NATURAL DISASTERS

a. Georgia Forestry Commission: The Geor-
gia Forestry Commission today is playing a leading part in the State's overall Civil Defense activities. This part is being played with the realization that here in Georgia, where forestry is a $700,000,000 a year industry, Civil Defense activities and full forest protection and utiliza tion must supplement one another to the fullest extent if both activities are to function effectively.
Today the Commission is protecting 20,251,862 acres afforest land in 137 counties. In protecting this land, the following equipment is being used: 60 heavy crawler tractors, 107 light crawler tractors, 62 water wagons, 132 pick-up trucks and 119 quarter ton jeeps. In addition to the above, 308 lookout towers and 20 contract planes are used for detection.
To protect this land with the equipment above, a total of 861 radios are being used. 342 fixed stations and 519 mobile.
A fully equipped shop centrally located at Dry Branch (Macon) Georgia, handles the task of transforming standard vehicles, tractors, plows, jeeps and transports, into fire suppression vehicles. Many major repair jobs also are carried on at this shop. On the same site is a warehouse, where much of the supplies are stored.
Three bulldozers and other emergency forest fire fighting equipment is located at this Dry Branch site.

Use of Commission radio-equipped mobile equipment also has been made available to guide authorized persons to the site of downed enemy and friendly aircraft.
Road surveillance at designated points and th.. escorting of convoys are other tasks which Commission personnel are to perform as a part of their Civil Defense duties.
Georgia Forestry Commission equipment is, in addition, set up as a support for large urban areas which might be set afire. Especially helpful would be the organization's 62 mobile power wagons, each holding a 250 to 350 gallon capacity.
The Commission is planning to expand its radio communications in order to be in a more efficient position to combat forest fires and to help Civil Defense in case of emergencies. These plans call for the installing of new radios on the 159 Me band in newly organized forest protection counties, and to establish and administrative network so as to reach District offices at Rome, Gainesville, Newnan, Washington, Milledgeville, Americus, Statesboro McRae Camilla and Waycross, as well as the,Fire Con: trol Office at Dry Branch (Macon) Georgia, and repeater stations at Stone Mountain and McRae. This system will then allow us to communicate from the Commission's Atlanta Office to any District in the State.

After experiencing large forest fires in north Georgia, the Commission has purchased a van trailer which has been equipped with a 2-way radio on 159 Me, a 3 Kilowatt generator, heating, cooking facilities, tables, first aid equipment, stretchers, and bunks. Also, a 85 ft. telescopic antenna has been purchased. It is proposed to purchase an additional radio on the 171 Me bond. This unit in addition to being shifted to major fires is available to go any place in the State where a disa.. ter should occur and can be used as a communi cation center for Civi I Defense should the need arise.
The Georgia Forestry Commission has officially pledged "wholehearted ,cooperati~n;' in making available the use both of its facilities and manpower to the Civil Defense organization.

b. Deportment of Agriculture: Immediately
available for u!.e in case of a natural disaster which did not destroy its effectiveness would be the Chemical Laboratory under the direction of the State Chemist.
Any natural disaster requiring the use of man power would find the Department of Agriculture employees located throughout the State of Georgia, any or all of whom could be called upon for whatever service necessary requiring man power because of a natural disaster.
Because of the nature of the work of the Department of Agriculture, its employees would generally know the available sources of unprocessed food on forms and in warehouses. This information should be of value.

Forest fire lookout tower personnel have volunteered to work with Ground Observer Corps in

reporting of aircraft; and the Commission has

made its personnel and equipment available to guard any downed enemy aircraft until the ap-

c. Georgia Game and Fish Commission: The

pearance of the State Patrol or other authorized State is divided into eight (8) divisions, in-

groups or individuals.

cluding the coastal waters. A supervisor is in

22

charge of each of these districts. Approximately 110 Wildlife Rangers and Coastal Patrolmen are assigned to law enforcement work. Most all of this number of personnel have State owned vehicles, such as pickup trucks, jeeps and passenger carrying boats on the coast that may be utilized.
The Rangers inland have boats and motors that can be used on inland lakes and streams.
This Department has one plane which patrols the coastal area daily.
All of these vehicles, including the plane and coastal boats. have short-wave facilities. This Department has eight (8) 250 Watt stations that serve these units, along with thirty (30) walkietalkie radios. Any of this personnel and equipment may be made available to Civil Defense on declaration of an emergency by the Governor.
Names and addresses of supervisors are as foll ...ws:
W. H. Hodges, Chief Law Enforcement Division 412 State Capitol, Atlanta, Ga. - Walnut 6566
David H. Gould, Supervisor, Coastal Fisheries P. 0. Box 312, Brunswick, Ga. -.1 !2
Dillard Davis, Superintendent, Lake Burton Fish Hatchery, R.F.D., Clarkesville, Ga.
W. E. Murphree, District Chief Ranger C. P. Palmer, District Chief Ranger P. 0. Box 387, Gainesville, Ga.- Lennox 44061
C. B. Ellington, District Chief Ranger Thomson, Ga. - 68
Mallory Hatchett, District Chief Ranger G. W. Hester, District Chief Ranger City Hall, Vidalia, Ga. - 4183
J. W. Thompson, District Chief Ranger Court House, Macon, Ga. - 21335
Jack l-4ewberry, District Chief Ranger 212 N. Broad St., Bainbridge, Ga.- 2080
d. State Department of Public Welfare: In case
of a natural disaster, the State Department of Public Welfare and its agents, the County Departments of Public Welfare, would be at the disposal of the American Red Cross to perform its functions peculiarly within the provisions of the State Department of Public Welfare; such as registration and information, emergency feeding, emergency clothing and evacuation.

In case of an enemy attack, this procedure would be reversed and the American Red Cross would assist the State Department of Public Welfare in providing emergency welfare services such as those enumerated above.
e. State Department of Education: In case of a
natural disaster emergency declared by the Governor, the employees of the State Department of Education would be at the service of the State Disaster Coordinator in attempting to relieve the situation.
Local school boards have control of the buildings and other property used by the schools and permission to use the schools would, therefore, have to be secured from the local boards.
Any State institutions under direct control of the State Board of Education would be made available to relieve the emergency, if needed.
f. The State Highway Department has the re-
sponsibility for Engineering and Rescue in the State Civil Defense organization.
To accomplish this each of the six divisions has one rescue crew and two debris clearance teams equipped and trained.
Each division has one chief of rescue who has been trained at the Civil Defense rescue school in Olney, and three teams of eight men each so that the crew can operate around the clock in three reliefs. Each division keeps a fully equipped rescue truck at its headquarters ready to respond instantly.
There are also two debris clearance teams at each of the division headquarters. Their equipment consists of one bulldozer, one power shovel, one road machine, and ten dump trucks. There are fifty men in each of the teams who operate under a debris clearance chief. They have all been trained in their respective duties. This makes a total of 600 men in the clearance teams.
In addition to this equipment, a II the State Highway equipment owned by the State would be available if needed in an emergency. They also keep records of all the engineering and rescue equipment available in their divisions.
The headquarters of the six divisions are at Albany, Gainesville, Cartersville, Thomaston, Sandersville, and Jesup.
The Chairman of the Highway Commission is automatically the Director of Engineering and Rescue lor Georgia Civil Defense.

23

.:;EOi<GIA DEPAr::TMEH OF. PU.3LIC !-lEAL Tli AND LOCAL HEALTH ORGAiHZATIONS

State and local health deparhnents act in harmony in providing public health services. Law provides that the State Health Deportment shall respond promptly when called upon by local governments.
The State Health Department employs approximately 550 persons including physicians,dentists nurses, bacteriologists, engineers, sanitarians, nutritionists, and others with special technical skills. ::>uring periods of disaster, and on relatively short notice, fifty per cent of these workers can be madeavailablefor emergency services.
~~ranch Offices of the State Health Department are located as follows:
Central Health Region, 811 Hemlock Avenue, Macon, Georgia. i~ortheastem Health Region, 985 West Broad Street, Athens, Georgia. Northwestern Health F<egion, Battey Hospital Administration Bui Iding, Rome, Georgia Southeastern Health Region, 1101 Church St., Waycross, Georgia. Many of the professional cmd technical workers with headquarters at the Branch Offices have had special training relative to emergency services in times of disaster. Local health departments are located in all of the principal municipalities of Georgia. There are approximately 950 local health deparhnent employees. In this group are persons with professional and technical skills and who are especially fitted to render valuable services during disasters. Thirty per cent of these local health deparhnent employees can, on short notice, be mode available to disaster areas. 3ranch laboratories of the State Health Department are located in Albany, Macon, and Waycross. Local health departments operate public health laboratories in Atlanta, Augusta, Athens, Columbus, and Savannah. health deparhnents ore concerned with those conditions affecting the health of the entire populace as compared with the responsibilities of medical services which are concerned primarily with casualties and special treatment needs. :Juring disasters, public health personnel may augment medical services. Health departments institute measures to insure the maintenance of saf~ water supplies. This may involve the increased use of disinfectants at regular disinfecting stations or the activation of emergency disinfecting stations and the use of portable disinfecting equipment. .,easures must be taken to insure the bacteriological safety of waters hauled to disaster areas. tiealth departments must accept the responsi-

bility of developing and inaugurating plans to provide for the safe di sposa I of excreta and liquid wastes. Joint action with public works officials is taken in the event sewage diversion is necessary. If absolutely necessary, garbage and trash collection and disposal from undamaged areas may be suspended for short periods so that personnel may assist the disaster area.
The interruption of milk supplies and the co~ tamination of milk supplies may present rather serious problems. Public health service personnel must institute inspection services for emergency milk supplies and exercise supervisory and regulatory controls.
Procurement, preparation, and distribution of food is not a responsibility of the health department. However, public health nutritionists waul d recommend types and amounts of food which should be available for emergency feeding of the general population and of special groups such as infants, the aged, and patients requiring special diets. T!,e establishment and maintenance of sanitary standards under which food is prepared and served must be sufficiently rigid to prevent food-borne infections.
Public health laboratory services must be a voila ble to provide rapid laboratory determinations relative to safety of water supplies, milk, and foods, and must render rapid and efficient laboratory aids in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Public health nursing services must be continued. Any large number of minor injuries would expand the responsibility for core and instruction in homes and in small groups. Public health nurses would assist with the supervision of quarters for children and aged persons and would assist with the home care of the sick who would otherwise ordinarily be cared for in hospitals. Pu'>lic health nurses may be assigned to mobile or fixed clinics to continue and expand services to maternal cases and infants.
.-leed may arise for the establishment of clinics to continue routine immunizations and to expand immunization services to meet additional needs created by the disaster.
Public health personnel must establish and maintain minimum standards for emergency housing.
rhe importance of vital statistics becomes even greater during disasters. The health departments must develop procedures for rapid and accurate reporting of vital information.
Cooperating with other agencies, the State and local health departments are prepared to quickly respond and provide their many services during times of disaster.

24

COUtnY OFFICES OF THE FARMERS HOME ADMINISTRATION IN GEORGIA for use in connection with civil defense and disaster work:

Unit office

Area Served

Albany

Dougherty, Boker, Calhoun

Alma

Bacon

Americus

Sumter, Schley

Athens

Clark, Oconee

Atlanta

Fulton, Cloy ton, Cobb

Barnesville

L.omor, Monroe, Lipson

Boxley

Appling, Camden, Glynn, Wayne

Blakely

Early

Coiro

Grady, Decatur

Camillo

Mitchell

Carnesville

Franklin, Stephens

Carrollton

Carroll, Douglas

Cartersville

Bartow

Cedartown

Polk, Haralson, Paulding

Cochran

Bleck ley, Pulos ki

Covington

Newton, Rockdale

Cuthbert, Randolph, Chattahoochee, Cloy,Quitmon

and Stewart

Dolton

Whitfield, Murray

Danielsville

Madison, Bonks

Dawson

Terrell, Webster

Dono Ison vi lie

Seminole, Miller

Douglas

Coffee, Atkinson, Clinch

Dublin

Laurens, Wilkin son

Eastman

Doc{ge

Gainesville hall, Fannin, Habersham, Lumpkin,

Rabun, Towns, Union White

Greensboro

Greene, Hancock, To lioferro

Greenville

Meriwether, Harris, Muscogee

Hartwell

tlort

Hazelhurst

Jeff Dovi

Jasper

Pickens, Cherokee, Dawson, Gil mer

Jefferson

Jackson

Lafayette

Walker, Catoosa, Chottoogo, Dade

Lawrenceville

Gwinnette, DeKolb, Forsyth

Leesbutg

Lee

Lexington

Oglethorpe

Louisville

Jefferson

Lyons

Toombs

Macon

Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Twiggs

Madison

Jasper, l;;orgon, Putnam

McDonough Henry, Butts, Fayette, Pike, Spalding

McRae

Telfair, Wheeler

Millen

Jenkins

Monroe

Walton

Montezuma

Macon, Marion, Talbot, Taylor

Moultrie

Colquitt, Thomas

Newnan

Coweta, Heard, Troup

Ocilla

Irwin

Perry

Houston, Peach

Quitman

Brooks

Reidsville

Tottnoll, Liberty, Long, Mcintosh

Rochelle

Wi Icox, Ben Hi II

Rome

Floyd, Gordon

Sandersville

Washington, Baldwin

Soperton

Treutlen, Montgomery

Statesboro - Bulloch, Bryon, Candler, Chatham,

Evans

Swainsboro

Emanuel

Sylvania

Screven, Effingham

Sy Ivester

Worth, Turner

Tifton

Tift, Berrien, Cook

Valdosta

Lowndes, Echols, Lanier

Vienna

Dooly, Crisp

Warrenton Warren, Colu(]lbio, Glascock, McDuffie

and Richmond

Washington

Wilkes, Elbert, Lincoln

Waycross

ware, Brantley, Charlton, Pierce

Waynesboro

Burke

Winder

Borrow

Wrightsville

Johnson

LIST OF AMERICAN RED CROSS CHAPTERS IN GEORGIA

ALAMO (Wheeler Co.) Chapter Alamo, Go.
ADEL (Cook Co.) Chapter Adel, Go.
ALBAiiY Chapter 300 Flint Ave., Albany, Go.
ALMA (Bacon Co.) Chapter Alma, Go.
AMER~US(~mMrC~)Go~e~mm
104 Windsor Ave., Americus, Go.
APPLING (Columbia Co.) Chapter Appling, Go.
ARLINGTON (Calhoun Co.) Chapter Arlington, Go.

ASHBU Rf~ (Turner Co.) Chapter Ashburn, .:;a.
ATHENS Chapter 394 Oconee St., Athens, Go.
ATLArnA (Gf~EATER) Chapter 848 P'tree St., Atlanta, Go.
AUGUSTA Chapter 638 Greene St., Augusto, Go.
BAINBRIDGE (Decatur Co.) Chapter Bainbridge, Go.
BARNESVILLE Chapter Barnesville, Go.
BAXLEY (Appling Co.) Chapter Boxley, Go.
25

:3LAKELY (Early Co.) Chapter Blakely, Ga.
BLACKSHEAr-: (Pierce Co.) Chapter Blackshear, ;,;a.
BLAIRSVILLE (Union Co.) Chapter glairsville, Ga.
BLUE RIDGE (Fannin Co.) Chapter Blue Ridge, Go.
BREt.,;EN (Haralson Co.) Chapter Bremen, Go.
BRUI~SWICK (.:;lynn Co.) Chapter 920 New Castle St., Brunswick, Go.
BUENA VISTA (Marion Co.) Chapter Bueno Vista, Go.
BUTLER County Chapter Butler, Ga.
CAIRO (Grady Co.) Chapter Coiro, Go.
CALHOUI< (Gordon Co.) Chapter Calhoun, Go.
CAMILLA (Mitchell Co.) Chapter Camillo, Go.
CANTON (Cherokee Co.) Chapter Canton, Go.
CAt{ROLL TON County Chapter Carroll ton, Go.
CARTERSVILLE (Bartow Co.) Chapter Cartersville, Go.
CEDARTOWN Chapter Cedartown, Go.
CHATSWORTH (Murray Co.) Chapter Chatsworth, Ga.
CLAXTOI~ (Evans Co.) Chapter Claxton, Go.
CLAYTOl1 (Rabun Co.) Chapter Clayton, Go.
CLEVELAND (White Co.) Chapter Cleveland, Go.
CLYO (Effingham Co.) Chapter Clyo, Go.
COCHRAN (Bieckley Co.) Chapter Coch ron, Go.
COLQUITT (Miller Co.) Chapter Colquitt, Ga.
COLUI-.IBUS (Muscogee Co.) Chapter 832 First St., Columbus, Go.
COMMERCE Chapter Commerce, Go.
CONYERS (Rockdale Co.) Chapter Conyers, va.

CORDELE (Crisp Co.) Chapter
Cordele, :>a.
CORNELIA (Habersham Co.) Chapter Cornelia, Go.
COVI;<~TOti (Newton Co.) Chapter Covington, Go.
CuMMI:-IG (Forsyth Co.) Chapter Cumming, Go.
CuTHBERT (F!ondolph Co.) Chapter Cuth.bert, Go.
DAtiLO;lEGA (Lumpkin Co.) Chapter Dahlonega, Go.
DALLAS (Paulding Co.) Chapter Dallas, Go.
DAL TOr~ (Whitfield Co.) Chapter Posten Bldg., Dolton, Ga.
DARIEN (Mcintosh Co.) Chapter Darien, Go.
DAWSON (Terrell Co.) Chapter Dawson, Go.
DAWSO~cVILLE (Dawson Co.) Chapter Dawsonville, Go.
DECATUR (DeKolb Co.) Chapter 645 Sy comore St., Decatur, Go.
DOr~ALSOtNILLE (Seminole Co.) Chapter Donolsonvi lie, Go.
DOUGLAS (Coffee Co.) Chapter Douglas, Go.
DOUGLASVILLE (Douglas Co.) Chapter Main St., Douglasville, Go.
DUBLIN (Laurens Co.) Chapter Dublin, Go.
EASTMAN (Dodge Co.) Chapter Eastman, Ga.
EATONTON (Putnam Co,) Chapter Eatonton, Go.
ELBERTON (Elbert Co.) Chapter Elberton, Ga.
ELLAVILLE (Schley Co.) Chapter Ellaville, Go.
ELLIJAY (Gilmer Co.) Chapter Ellijay, Ga.
FAYETTEVILLE (Fayette Co.) Chapter Foyettevi lie, Go.
FITZGERALD (Sen Hill Co.) Chapter Fitzgerald, Go.
FOLKSTm4 (Charlton Co.) Chapter Folkston, Go.
FOREST PARK (Clayton Co.) Chapter Forest Pork, Ga.
26

FORSYTH (Monroe Co.) Chapter Forsyth, Ga.
FORT GAif~ES (Cloy Co.) Chapter Fort Goines, Go.
FORT VALLEY (Peach Co.) Chapter Fort Volley, Ga.
FRANKLIN (Heard Co.) Chapter Franklin, Go.
GAINESVILLE (Hall Co.) Chapter Box 374, Gainesville, Go.
GRAY (Jones Co.) Chapter :iray, Ga.
GREE NS30RO (Greene Co.) Chapter Greensboro, Go.
GRIFFIN (Spalding Co.) Chapter County Courthouse, Griffin, Go.
HAMIL TON (Harris Co.) Chapter Hamilton, Ga.
HARTWELL (Hart Co.) Chapter Hartwell, Go.
HAWKltiSVILLE (Pulaski Co.) Chapter Hartwell, Go.
HAZELHURST (Jeff Davis Co.) Chapter Hozelh urs t, Go.
H lAW ASSE E {Towns Co.) Chapter Hiowossee, Ga.
Hli~ESVILLE (Liberty Co.) Chapter Hinesville, Go.
HOMER (Bonks Co.) Cho pter Homer, Go.
HOMERVILLE (Clinch Co.) Chapter Homerville, Go.
ILA (Madison Co.) Chapter lla, Go.
JACKSON (Butts Co.) Chapter Jackson, Go.
JASPER (Pickens Co.) Chapter Jasper, Go.
JEFFERSON (Jackson Co.) Chapter Jefferson, Go.
JESUP (Wayne Co.) Chapter Jesup, Go.
KINGSLAND (Camden Co.) Chapter Kingsland, Go.
LAGRANGE (Troup Co.) Chapter Cleveland -0 't~eal Bldg., La Grange, :Ia.
LAKELAND (Lanier Co.) Chapter Lakeland, vo.
LA~/REtKEVILLE (Gwinnett Co.) Chapter Lawrenceville, Go.

LEESBur~c, (Lee Co.) Chapter Leesburg, Ga.
LeXINGTON (Oglethorpe Co.) Chapter Lexington, Go.
LINCOLNTON (Lincoln Co.) Chapter Lincolnton, Ga.
Ll:iDALE (rloyd Co.) Chapter Lindale, Go.
LC'UISVILLE (Jefferson Co.) Chapter Louisville, Ga.
LUDOWICI (Long Co.) Chapter Ludowici, Go.
LYONS (Toombs ;:o,) Chapter Lyons, Co.
~:~CDONOUGH (i"lenry Co.) Chapter McDonough, .;a.
MCINTYRE (Wilkinson Co.) Chapter Mcintyre, Ga.
;\;ETTER (Candler Co.) Chapter 1\.etter, Ca.
MILLEDGEVILLE (Baldwin Co.) Chapter P.O. uox 516, Milledgeville, Go.
~~ILLEr (Jenkins Co.) Chapter Millen, Go.
MITGJELL (<lloscock Co.) Chapter lviitchell, Go.
MONTICELLO (Jasper Co.) Chapter Monti cello, ,::;a.
MONROE (Walton Co.) Chapter Monroe, Go.
MCNTICELLO (Jasper Co.) Chapter :l.!onticello, !;a.
MONTEZUMA (Macon Co.) Chapter /.iontezumo, :;a,
MONf<OE (Walton Co.) Chapter Monroe, Ga.
MONTICELLO (Jasper Co.) Chapter Monticello, Ga.
/,iOUL THIE (Colquitt Co.) Chapter 200 Commercial Bldg., Moultrie, ,:;a.
MT. VERNON (Montgomery Co.) Chapter Mt. Vernon, Go.
MACON ( il i bb, Houston, Twiggs) Chapter
195 Holt Ave., Macon, Ga.
MADISON (Morgan Co.) Chapter Modi son, Go.
MANCHESTER (Nieriwether Co.) Chapter Manchester, 'jo.
NAHUNTA (Brantley Co.) Chapter Nahunta, Go. 27

NASHVILLE (Berrien Co.) Chapter Nashville, Ga.
t~EWNAN (Coweta Co.) Chapter t~ewnan, Ga.
OCILLA (Irwin Co.) Chapter Ocilla, Ga.
PELHAM (Mitchell Co.) Chapter Pelham, Ga.
QUITMAt~ (Brooks Co.) Chapter Quitman, Ga.
REIDSVILLE (Tattnall Co.) Charter Reidsville, Ga.
RICHLAND (Stewart Co.) Charter Richland, Ga.
RINGGOLD (Catoosa Co.) Chapter Ringgold, Ga.
ROBERTA (Crawford Co.) Chaptermmm Roberta, Ga.
ROCHELLE (Wilcox Co.) Chapter Rochelle, Ga.
ROCKMART (Polk Co.) Chapter Rockmart, Ga.
SANDERSVILLE (Washington Co.) Chapter Sandersville, Ga.
SAVANNAH (Chatham Co.) Chapter 204 Jones St., Savannah, Ga.
SHARON (Toliferro Co.) Chapter Sharon, Ga.
SOP E '1 TON (Treutlen Co.) Chapter Soperton, Ga.
SPARTA (Hancock Co.) Chapter Sparta, Ga.
STATESBORO ( Sulloch Co.) Chapter Statesboro, Ga.
SUMMERVILLE (Chattooga Co.) Chapter Summerville, Ga.
SWAINSBORO (Emanuel Co.) Chapter Swainsboro, Ga.
SYLVAf'liA (Screven Co.) Chapter
Sylvania, :;a.

TALBOTTON (Talbot Co.) Chapter Tal botton, Ga.
TENNILLE (Washington Co.) Chapter Tenni lie, Ga.
THOMASTON (Upson Co.) Chapter Thomaston, Ga.
THOMASVILLE (Thomas Co.) Chapter Thomas vi lie, Ga.
TIFTON (Tift Co.) Chapter Tifton, Ga.
TOCCOA (Stewart Co.) Chapter Toccoa, Ga.
TRENTOi-< (Dade Co.) Chapter Trenton, Ga.
TRION (Chatooga Co.) Chapter Trion, Ga.
VALDOSTA (Lowndes -Echols Co.) Chapter West Central Ave., Valdosta, Ga.
VIDALIA (Toombs Co.) Chapter Vidalia, Ga.
VIENNA ( Dooly Co.) Chapter Vienna, Ga.
WARRENTON (Warren Co.) Chapter Warrenton, Ga.
WASHINGTON (Wilkes Co.) Chapter Washington, Ga.
WATKI;~SVILLE (Oconee Co.) Chapter Watkinsville, Ga.
WAYCROSS (Ware Co.) Chapter 809 Isabella St., Waycross, Ga.
WAYi~ESBORO (Burke Co.) Chapter
Waynesboro, Ga.
WEST POINT (Chattahoochee Valley) Chapter West Point, Ga.
WINDER (Borrow Co.) Chapter Winder, Ga.
WRIGHTSVILLE (Johnson Co.) Chapter Wrightsville, Ga.
ZEB~LON (Pike Co.) Chapter Zebulon, Ga.

28

~

NOTES