Laws, rules, regulations, specifications and tolerances, governing weights, balances, scales, and other weighing and measuring devices

LAWS - RULES - REGULATIONS SPECIFICATIONS AND TOLERANCES
Governing WEIGHTS, BALANCES, SCALES, AND OTHER
WEIGHING AND MEASURING DEVICES
Tom Linder, Commissioner GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Division of Weights and Measures State Capitol
Atlanta, Georgia

LAWS - RULES - REGULATIONS SPECIFICATIONS AND TOLERANCES
Governing WEIGHTS, BALANCES, SCALES, AND OTHER
WEIGHING AND MEASURING DEVICES
Tom Linder, Commiaaioner GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Diviaion of Weicht and Meaaurea State Capitol
Atlanta, Georcia

FOREWORD
The purpose of weights and measures laws is to assure equalization of quantity determination in commercial practices by providing uniform standards for the manufacture, installation and maintenance of weighing and measuring devices.
It is assumed that all those involved in the use, manufacture, installation and repair of weighing and measuring devices will conform to the laws governing same. But because there are those who either intentionally or unintentionally will not conform to the law, the State has seen fit to set up a regulatory organization to see that the laws are enforced.
In our efforts to bring about a wholesome condition between,all parties concerned, we will maintain an impartial attitude; however, we must be firm with those who do not cooperate.
This book is published to assist in the work and it is hoped that everyone will keep it handy and use it; that there will be little confusion or misunderstanding between the trade and the State weights and measures officials.
Yours very truly,
Tom Linder, Commissioner of Agriculture.
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Specifications printed in roman type are retroactive, and apply to all apparatus.
Specifications printed in italics are nonretroactive and apply only to apparatus manufactured in or brought into the State after the date of promulgation of the specifications.

PROVISIONS OF GEORGIA WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT
SECTION 1. The weights and measures received from the United States under joint resolutions of Congress approved June 14, 1836 and July 27, 1866, andjor such new weights and measures as shall be received from the United States as standard weights and measures in addition thereto or in renewal thereof, and/or such weights and measures in conformity therewith as shall be supplied by the State shall, where the same shall have been certified by the National Bureau of Standards, be the State standards of weights and measures.
SEC. 2. The State Commissioner of Agriculture shall have and keep a general supervision of the weights and measures, and weighing or measuring devices offered for sale, sold, or in use in the State. He shall also have authority to promulgate rules and regulations for enforcement of this Act; such rules and regulations may include specifications and tolerances for weighing and measuring devices and for package goods put up prior to time of sale.
There shall be no prosecution under this Act for any discrepancy between actual weight and volume at the time of sale and the weight minked on the container, if such discrepancy is due to unavoidable leakage, shrinkage, evaporation or waste, or to causes beyond the control of the seller acting in good faith.
SEc. 3. When not otherwise provided by law the State Commissioner of Agriculture, his deputies or inspectors at his directions, shall have the power, and it shall be his duty to inspect, test, try, and ascertain if they are correct, all weights, measures, and weighing or measuring devices kept, offered, or exposed for sale, sold, or used or employed in proving the size, quantity, extent, area, or measurement of quantities, things, produce, or articles for distribution or consumption purchased or offered or submitted for sale, hire, or award, or in computing any charge for service rendered on the basis of weight or measure, or in determining weight or measure when a charge is made for such determination; and he shall have the power to and shall from time to time weigh or measure and inspect packages or amounts of commodities of whatsoever kind kept for the purpose of sale, offered or exposed for sale, or sold or in the process of delivery, in order to determine whether the same contains the amounts represented, and whether they be offered for sale or sold in a manner in accordance with law. He may for the purpose above mentioned, and in the general performance of his official duties, enter and go into or upon, and without formal warrant, any stand, place, building, or premises, or stop any vendor, peddler, junk dealer, coal wagon, ice wagon, delivery wagon, or any person whatsoever, and require him, if necessary to proceed to some place which the Commissioner of Agriculture, his deputies or inspectors at his directions, may specify, for the purpose of making the proper tests. Whenever the Commissioner of Agriculture, his deputies or inspectors at his directions, find a violation of the statutes relating to weights and measures, he shall cause the violator to be prosecuted.
SEc. 4. It shall be unlawful to sell, except for immediate consumption
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on the premises, liquid commodities in any other manner than by weight or liquid measure, or commodities not liquid in any other manner than by measure or length, by weight, or by numerical count: Provided, however, that nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the sale of fruits, vegetables, and other dry commodities in the standard barrel; or of berries and small fruits in standard boxes; or of vegetables or fruits usually sold by the head or bunch in this manner: Provided further, that nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to foodstuffs put up in original packages.
For the purposes of this section the term "original package" shall be construed to include a commodity in a package, carton, case, can, barrel, bottle, box, phial or other receptacle or in coverings or wrappings of any kind, put up by the manufacturer, which may be labeled, branded, or stenciled, or otherwise marked, or which may be suitable for labeling, branding, or stenciling, or marking otherwise, making one complete package of the commodity. The words "original package" shall be construed to include both the wholesale and the retail package, and must be plainly marked as to the net content.
Providing that the box or carton used for shipping purposes containjng a number of packages which are individually marked as hereinbefore provided shall not be required to bear the weight of their containers.
And provided further that the provisions of this Act shall not apply to Public Utility Corporations. under the jurisdiction of the Public Service Commission.
SEc. 5. In the event the Commissioner of Agriculture, his assistants or inspectors, finds weights, measures and weighing and measuring devices accurate and otherwise in proper condition, or after he causes the same to be made accurate and otherwise in proper condition to place his seal or tag of approval upon such weighing or measuring devices. In the event he finds any of the said weights, measures or weighing and measuring devices to be inaccurate or otherwise not in proper condition, and yet in his best judgment such devices or device may be repaired, to place his seal or tag showing that the same has been condemned because of their inaccuracy or faulty mechanical condition, upon said device or devices and serve written notice, why said device or devices have been condemned, upon the person, firm or corporation, or their agent, using, operating, and having possession of such devices, which said notice shall be served upon the person in charge of the place of business where such device or devices are located, and said notice shall contain a demand upon the person, firm or corporation to discontinue the use thereof, and not to dispose of such device until the repairment or regulation of such device or devices have been approved by the Commissioner of Agriculture, his assistants or inspectors. Unless such inaccurate or improper weighing or measuring devices are repaired and made correct within a reasonable time after the service of such notice as herein provided, said Inspector shall seize and destroy the same in the name and under the authority of the State of Georgia.
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SEC. 6. It shall be unlawful for anyone to deface or remove any seal, tag of approval or condemnation placed on any device by any weights and measures official.
SEc. 7. The powers and duties given to and imposed upon the State Commissioner of Agriculture of weights and measures are hereby given to and imposed upon his deputy and inspectors also, when_acting under his instructions and at his direction.
SEC. 8. Any person who, by himself or by his servant or agent, or as the servant or agent of another person, firm, corporation or association, shall violate any provisions of this Act or who shall violate any regulation promulgated by authority in this Act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof in any court of competent jurisdiction, shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars or not more than two hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, upon first conviction and upon a second or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars or more than five hundred dollars or by imprisonment of not less than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

SCALES
A. GENERAL DEFINITIONS
A-1. Application.-For purposes of these specifications, the following definitions shall apply.
A-2. Definitions.
A-2a. Capacity.
A-2a (1). NOMINAL CAPACITY OF SCALE.-The largest weight indication which can be obtained by the use of all of the reading elements in combinations, including the amount represented by any removable weights furnished or ordinarily furnished with the scale, but excluding the amount represented by any extra removable weights not ordinarily furnished with the scale and excluding also the capacity of any auxiliary weighing attachment not contemplated by the original design of the scale: Provided, however, that when the scale is constructed to give weight. indications in both the customary and metric systems, this definition shall be applied to the indications in one system only: And pro~ vided further, That in applying this definition the capacity of any fractional bar is to be included only when this exceeds 2% percent of the sum of the capacities of the remaining reading elements.
A-2a (2). CAPACITY OF READING FACE.-The maximum weight which may be indicated on the reading face, exclusive of the use of any unit weights or other elements.
A-2b. SENSIBILITY RECIPROCAL (SR).
A2-b (1). GENERAL DEFINITION OF SR.-The amount of weight required to.move the position of equilibrium of the weighbeam, pointer, or other indicating device of a scale a definite amount, at the capacity or at any lesser load. SR does not apply to scales having reading faces which indicate directly in terms of weight, but no such reading face which is purely auxiliary to the scale mechanism-such as one, for instance, which may or may not be employed, as desired, in the determination of weight-shall exempt a scale from the SR requirement when this reading face is disconnected or detached.
A-2b (2). SR OF SCALES HAVING WEIGHBEAM AND TRIG LOOP.-The change in load required to move the weighbeam, from a position of equilibrium at the center of the trig loop to a position of equilibrium at the top or at the bottom of the trig loop. (See also paragraph A-2b (4) .)
A-2b (3). SR OF EQUAL-ARM SCALES, AND OF UNEQUAL-ARM SCALES WITHOUT TRIG LooP.-The change in load required to move the lever system from its position of equilibrium when the scale is in proper balance to a position of equilibrium at either limit of its motion: Provided, however, That when the scale is properly equipped with a well designed special balance-indicating device comprising two indicators which move in opposite directions, the SR is the change in load required to cause a relative change in the position of rest of the indicators equal to 0.04 inch. (See also paragraph A-2b (4).)
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A:-2b (4). SR OF SCALES EQUIPPED WITH OVER-AND-UNDER INDICATORS.In the case of a scale equipped with a device comprising an indicator cooperating with a single balance-indicating or "zero" graduation, the SR is the change in load required to move the indicator from its position of equilibrium when the _scale is in proper balance to a position of equilibrium such that there is a clear interval between adjacent edges of the indicator and of the graduation, equal to the appropriate value in the following table:

Class of scale

Clear Interval (Inch)

Small-capacity scales ----------------------------------------------------------------0.04 Large-capacity scales other than vehicle scales, livestock
scales, and coal mine and tipple scales -------------------------------- .12 Vehicle scales, livestock scales, and coal mine and tipple
scales --------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- .25

In the case of a scale equipped as above with a device provided with a series of graduations which do not directly indicate weight values, the SR shall be as defined above, or the specified movement shall b"e increased to a value equal to one division on the graduated scale if this value is greater than that first specified.

A-2b (5). CLASSES OF SR.-Two classes of SR are established:

(a) Acceptance or adjustment SR: This is the manufacturers' SR, or the SR applicable to "new" scales as defined in paragraph A-2q.

(b) Maintenance SR: This is the users' SR, or the SR applicable to scales in use.
A-2c. SMALL-CAPACITY AND LARGE-CAPACITY SCALES.-The term "small capacity" shall be construed to include all scales of the bench (counter) and hanging types having nominal capacities of 400 pounds or less. Scales other than small-capacity scales are to be considered largecapacity scales. A vehicle scale is a large-capacity scale designed to be used to determine the weight of a motor truck or wagon, loaded or unloaded.
A-2d. AUTOMATIC-INDICATING SCALE.-A scale in which is embodied or to which is attached a self-acting mechanism, the capacity of which may be equal to or less than the nominal capacity of the scale, through the agency of which the indicated weights or loads, of various magnitudes may be obtained. This definition is not to be construed to include scales which automatically weigh out commodities in predetermined drafts, such as automatic grain hopper scales, packaging scales, etc.
A-2e. READING FACE.-That element of an automatic-indicating scale on which weight values are automatically indicated.
A-2f. VALUE OF MINIMUM WEIGHT GRADUATION.-The smallest weight value. represented by the interval from the center of any graduation to the center of the next succeeding graduation on any weight-indicating element of the scale.

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A-2g. COUNTERPOISE WEIGHTS.-Slotted weights designed to be manually applied ne;ir the tip of the weighbeam of a multiplying-lever scale.
A-2h. UNIT WEIGHTS.-Weights contained within the housing of an automatic-indicating scale, designed to be mechanically applied to an element of the weighing mechanism.
A-2i. WEIGHBEAM OR BEAM.-An element comprising one or more bars which. employ movable poises for indicating weight.
A-2j. MAIN BAR.-A principal bar of a weighbeam, of relatively large capacity as compared with the fractional bar which may accompany it.
A-2k. FRACTIONAL BAR.-An auxiliary bar of relatively small capacity used for obtaining indications intermediate between graduations on the main bar.
A-21. MAIN AND SUBORDINATE GRADUATIONS.-Main graduations are those representing primary subdivisions the value of which should readily be ascertainable in order to facilitate the reading. All other graduations are subordinate graduations.
A-2m. POISE.-;A movable weight mounted upon-or in the case of a removable poise, hung from-a weighbeam and used in combination with notches and/or graduations to indicate weight values.
A-2n. NOSE-IRON.-A slidably-mounted, manually-adjustable pivot assembly designed for changing the multiplication of a lever.
A-2o. BALANCE.
A-2o. (1). G :NERAL DEFINITIONS.-A scale is in balance as the term is used herein, when it correctly gives a weight indication of zero when there is no load on the platform, plate, or other load-receiving element.
A-2o (2). FOR NONAUTOMATIC SCALE WITHOUT BALANCE lNDICATOR.A lever scale of the nonautomatic type not having an indicator and a graduated scale or arc is in balance when the beam comes to rest at, or oscillates through approximately equal arcs above and below, the center of the trig loop when one is provided; or a position midway between other stops when these are provided ; or a horizontal position when no trig loop or other stops are provided.
A-2o (3). FOR NONAUTOMATIC SCALE WITH BALANCE lNDICATOR.A scale of the nonautomatic type having an indicator and a graduated scale or arc is in balance when the indicator comes to rest at, or oscillates through progressively smaller arcs about, a definite and clear zero graduation.
A-2o (4). FOR AUTOMATIC-INDICATING SCALES.-A scale of the automatic-indicating type-that is, one having a reading face-is in balance when the indicator comes to rest at a definite and clear zero graduation.
A-2p. AccuRATE; CORRECT.-A scale or weight is to be considered accurate, or as yielding proper weight indications, when its performance
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or value conforms to the standard within the applicable tolerances. A correct scale or weight is one -which conforms to all applicable specification requirements, including tolerances and SR requirements.
A-2q. NEW SCALES.-Scales which are about to be put into use for the first time- or which have recently been put into use and are being tested for the first time by the weights and measures official. Scales which have been reconditioned or overhauled or which have been condemned for repairs by a weights and measures official and subsequently adjusted or repaired shall, upon the first test thereafter, be construed to be "new" scales for the purpose of the application of tolerances and SR requirements.
A-2r. TOLERANCE.-A tolerance is a value defining the amount of the maximum allowable error or departure from true value or performance. Two classes of tolerances are established:
(a) Acceptanee or adjustment tolerances: These are the manufactur~rs' tolerances, or the tolerances applicable to "new" scales as defined in paragraph A-2q.
(b) Maintenance tolerances: These are users' tolerances or the tolerances applicable to scales in use.
A-2s. TYPES OF ScALES.
A-2s (1). VEHICLE SCALE.-A vehicle scale is a scale designed to determine the weight of a motor truck or wagon, loaded or unloaded.
A-2s (2). LIVESTOCK ScALE.-A livestock scale is a scale having a capacity of 6,000 pounds or more and used primarily for the weighing of livestock on the hoof.
A-2s (3). COAL MINE OR TIPPLE SCALE.-A coal mine or tipple scale is a scale used primarily for weighing lots of coal for the purpose .of .determining the wages of miners.
B. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
B-1. Application.-General specifications shall apply to all types and classes of comrnercial scales, and to other types and classes required to be examined by weights and measures officials, except insofar as these may hereinafter be modified by specific requirements for particular types and classes; they shall also be construed to apply to other appaYatus, such as that used for special purposes, whenever and insofar as :hey are clearly applicable.
B-2. Specifications.
B-2a. CAPAciTY MARKING.-The nominal capacity shall be conspicuously, clearly, and permanently marked on every scale equipped with unit wefgkts or with which removable weights are intended to be used.
B"2b. STRENGTH, PERMANENCY, MAINTENANCE OF ACCURACY.
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B-2b (1). GENERAL.-A sc;ale shall be of such design, construction, and materials that it will support a load of its full nominal capacity without the development of undue stresses or deflections in the parts, and that it may be expected to withstand normal usage without undue impairment of its accuracy or the correct functioning of its opera.ting or indicating parts; it shall be reasonably permanent in its adjustment and shall repeat its weight indications correctly.
B-2 (2). LEVEL INDICATING DEVICE--Any scale which is portable and which is designed for use upon a counter or table and any person-weigher, whose weight indic,ations are cho,nged by an amount greater than onehalf the tolerance allowed, when set in any position on a surface making an angle of 5 per cent or approximately 3 wUh the horizontal, shall be equipped with a device which will indicate when the scale is level, and in no case shall any pendulum operating the scale be consf;dered a leveling device. The scale shall be rebalanced at zero each time its position is altered during the test contemplated by this paragraph.
B-2b (3). STABILITY OF BALANCE CONDITION.-When the weighbeam or indicator of a scale is displaced from a position of equilibrium to the full extent allowed by the construction of the scale, it shall return to this position after release. When a scale is equipped with a locking device or a relieving device or unit weights, repeated operation of the locking or relieving device or repeated application or removal of unit weights shall not materially affect the balance condition of the scale.
B-2b (4). INTERCHANGE OR REVERSAL OF P ARTS.-Scale parts Which may readily be interchanged or reversed in the course of normal usage shall be so constructed that their interchange or reversal will not materially affect the balance condition or the accuracy of the scale. Scale parts which are susceptible of interchange or reversal in normal field assembly either shall be so constructed that their interchange or reversal will not materially affect the accuracy of the scale or the parts shall be so marked as to indicate proper positions.
B-2b (5). MOVEMENT OF KNIFE-EDGES.-Under all operating conditions, proper lines of contact between knife-edges and their opposing bearings shall be maintained or restored. Platform scales having an outside frame around the platform shall be equipped with means which will prevent interference between platform and frame.
B-2b (6). ANTIFRICTION ELEMENTS.-At all points at which a live part of the scale mechanism may come into contact with another part of the mechanism in the course of normal usage, frictional effects shall be reduced to a minivtum through the agency of suitable antifriction elements; opposing surfaces and points shall be properly shaped, finished, and hardened to accomplish the result required.
B-2c. BALANCING MEANS.-A scale shall be provided with a mechanical device or other means by which the balance condition may be adjusted. All loose material used for the balancing of a scale shall be securely enclosed.
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B-2d. DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING BALANCE OR LEVEL.-All mechanical deviees for adjusting the balance condition or the level of person weighers and of small-capacity scales except cream-test scales and prescription scales, shall be of such construction that they are operable or accessible only by the use of some tool or device which is outside of and entirely separate from the device in question, such as a screw driver, wrench, etc., but not an adjusting pin.
B-2e. PIVOTS.
B-2e (1). POSITIONING.- Pivots shall be firmly secured in or to the levers, and weighbeams.
B2-e (2). MATERIAL AND DESIGN.-Pivots shall be of hardened steel except that agate may be used for prescription scales. Knife-edges sh,xll be sharp and shall bear th1-oughout the entire length designed to be in contact with the opposing bearings.
B-2f. BEARINGS.-The entire surface of a bearimg which is designed to be t"n contact with a knife-edge or point pivot shall be smooth, and at least as hard as the oppositng knife edge or pivot point. For scales of 5,000 pounds capacity or more such bearings shall be made of hardened steel.
B-2g. NosE-IRON.-The proper position of a nose-won as determined by the factory adjustment, shall be clearly, accurately, and permanently indicated.
B-~h. WEIGHBEAMS.
B-2h (1). POSITIONS.-The normal position of a weighbeam shall be horizontal, and it shall have equal travel above and below this position: Provided, however, That this requirement shall not apply to automaticindicating scales.
B-2h (2). STABILil'Y.-The weighbeam of a scale shall not be accelerating-in unstable equilibrium-or in neutral equilibrium under normal operating conditions.
B-2h (3). TRAVEL OF PANS OF EQUAL-ARM SCALE.-The minimum travel of the pans between their limiting stops shall conform to the following:

Scale Capacity

Minimum travel of pana

4 pounds or less ...................................................... Over 4 pounds, including 12 pounds .................... Over 12 pounds, including 26 pounds .................. Over 26 pounds ......................................................

(Inch)
0.35
.5 .75
1.0

B-2h (4). TRAVEL OF WEIGHBEAM.-ln the case of a beam scale 13

equipped with trig loop or other suitable means at or near the weighbeam tip designed for establishing the proper balance position of the beam, the minimum travel of the beam in the trig loop or at such other reference point as may be provided, shall conform to the following:

Distance from beam fulcrum to trip loop or reference point

Minimum travel of beam

12 inches or less ------------------------------------------------Over 12 inches, including 20 inches ----------------Over 20 inches, including 40 inches ------------------Over 40 inches -----------------------------------------------------

(Inch)
0.4
.5 .7 .9

In the case of a beam scale not equipped as described, the weighbeam shall have a minimum total angular play of 8 percent (approximately 5o).

(The angular motion of the beam in terms of percent may be obtained by dividing the total travel of the beam at its end by the distance from the fulcrum to the end of the beam and multiplying this quotient by 100.)

B-2h (5). READABILITY.-A weighbeam shall be so marked and graduated and a beam poise shall be so constructed that the weight corresponding to any normal position of the poise can be easily and correctly read directly on the beam. This requirement shall be fulfilled whether or not a registering or stamping device is used.

B-2h (6). POISE STOP.-A shoulder or stop shall be provided on a beam to prevent the poise traveling and remaining back of the zero graduation.

(a) And where the poise is of iron or steel the shoulder must be made of iron or steel.

B-2h (7). WEIGHBEAM ON AUTOMATIC-INDICATING SCALE.-On any automatic-indicating scale of a capacity of 80 pounds or less, the capacity of a bar or bars with which the scale may be equipped shall be an integral multiple of the capacity of the reading face. Each bar shall be subdivided throughout or shall be subdivided into notched intervals each equal to the capacity of the reading face, and the value of any turnover poise provided shall be equal to the capacity of the reading face.

B-2i. POISES.

B-2i (1). CONSTRUCTION--No part of a poise shall be easily detachable, and if a poise has a setscrew this shall not be removable.

B-2i (2). ATTACHMENT.-A poise shall not be readily detachable from the beam: Provided, however, That this requirement shall not apply to poises on steelyards unless there is a zero graduation on the beam.

B-2i (3). ADJUSTING MATERIAL.-The adjusting material in a poise shall be securely enclosed and firmly fixed in position; if of lead or other material softer than brass, it shall not be in contact with the beam.

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B-2i (4). PAWL.-A poise on a notched weighbeam shall be provided with a pawl or other device which will cause the poise to be seated into a definite and correct position in each notch, wherever in the notch the pawl or other device is placed, and to be held there firmly and without appreciable movement. '(hat dimension of the tip of the pawl which is transverse to the longitudina-l axis of the beam shall be equal to the corresponding dimension of the beam notches. The tip of the pawl shall be rounded off so that a small amount of foreign matter in the bottom of the notch will not prevent the poise from assuming its correct position.
B-2i (5). READING EDGE OR lNDICATOR.-The reading edge or indicator of a P..Oise shall be sharply defined; a reading edge shall be parallel to the graduations on the weighbeam; an indicator shall reach to the graduations or if the indicator and the graduations are in the same plane then there shall not be a separation of the ends of the graduations and the end of the indicator of more than 0.04 inch, this distance to be measured along the line of the graduations.
- B-2i (6). HANGING POISE.-The bearing edge of a hanging poise shall be hard and sharp and shall be so formed as to allow the poise to swing freely in the notches of the weighbeam.
B-2j. WEIGHT GRADUATIONS.
B-2j (1). FORM.-The graduations on a weighbeam shall consist of lines, or of notches, or of a combination of these. All lines shall be uniform in spacing and parallel to each other. All notches shall be evenly cut, and the lines formed by the intersection of the sloping planes of their sides shall be uniform in spacing and parallel to each other. When a combination of lines and notches is employed, the lines shall be properly -placed with reference to the notches so as to indicate the value of each riotch clearly and correctly.
B-2j (2).-CHARACTER, WIDTH, MARKING.-Weight graduations on a weighbeam or reading face shall be clear and distinct and in no case shall their width be less than 0.008 inch-except as provided in paragraph B-2j (4)-nor more than the width of the minimum clear tnterval between the g1aduations. On any bar of a beam, all graduations shall be equ~l in width On any reading face, corresponding graduations shall be equal in width and main graduations shall not be mo1e than 50 percent wider than subordinate graduations. The graduations on a beam or reading face shall be of such character and arrangement and shall be so numbered that all weight indications may be accurately read.
B-2j (3). CLEAR INTERVAL BETWEEN GRADUATIONS.-The clear interval between weight graduations on a weighbeam or reading face shall not be less than 0.04 inch, except as provided in paragraph B-2j (4). This interval is to be measured between the adjacent edges of successive graduations representing the smallest subdivision and along the line of travel of the index of the indicator or poise. The required interval shall be maintained whether or not the graduations are "staggered" or arranged alternately; that is, when the graduations are staggered the
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interval shall be construed to be the space from one graduation to the next consecutive graduation extended, if necessary, to intersect the line of measurement. When the graduations on a reading face are not parallel the interval shall be construed to be the widest separation of the graduations which is included within the travel of the index of the indicator. When the graduations are not equally spaced throughout the range of a reading face, the interval is to be measured between the graduations most closely spaced.
B-2j (4). MAGNIFIED INDICATING ELEMENTS.-When in normal usage any indicating elements are necessarily viewed as magnified by means of a lens system, the requirements of paragraph B-2j (2) as to minimum width of graduations and of paragraph B-2j (3) shall be that the apparent size of the magnified image of such elements as seen by an observer occupying a normal average position with respect to the scale shall be equivalent to the apparent size of elements complying with the stated requirements and viewed by the unaided eye from a normal distance.
B-2j (5). WEIGHT VALUES.-For any particular series of weight graduations on a weighbeam or reading face, the values of the subdivisions shall be uniform throughout the graduated interval.
B-2k. ATTACHMENT OF INDICATING ELEMENTS ON AUTOMATIC-INDICATING SCALES.-On an automatic-indicating scale, the reading face, or the indicator, whichever is designed as the stationary element, shall be securely fixed in position; the moving element of the combination shall be securely attached to its operating mechanism: Provided, however, That this specification shall not be construed to prohibit the employment of a movable auxiliary reading face or a movable auxiliary indicator designed to be rotated or moved in reference to a fixed reading face or a fixed indicator, respectively, for the purpose of "balancing out" tare weights or for similar uses.
B-21. ZERO INDICATION ON AUTOMATIC-INDICATING ScALES.-An automatic-indicating scale shall have a definite and clear zero graduation and shall be susceptible of giving an indication back of the zero graduation sufficient clearly to disclose an out-of-balance condition. These requirements shall be fulfilled whether the entire reading fac,e is graduated or the graduations commence at a fixed load.
B-2m. WEIGHT INDICATORS ON AUTOMATIC-INDICATING SCALES.
B-2in (1). DESIGN.-A weight indicator on an automatic-indicating scale shall be so designed and constructed that its indications are definite and may be read with precision.
B-2m (2). LENGTH.-The indicator shall reach to the graduations~ 01 if the indicator and the reading face are in the same plane then there shall not be a separation of the ends of the graduations and the end of the indicator, of more than 0.04 inch, this distance to be measured along the line of the graduations.
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B-2m (3). WIDTH.-The relatwns between the widths of the indicatoT and the graduations with which it cooperates shall be as follows: If all graduations aTe of equal width the width of the index of the indicator shall be equal to the width of the graduations; if main graduations are wider than subordinate graduations, the width of the index of the indicator shall not exceed the width of the main graduations and shall not be less than the width of the subordinate graduations. When an indicator extends along the entire length of a graduation then that portion of the indicator which may be brought into coincidence with the graduation shall be the same width throughout.
B-2m (4). CLEARANCE-GENERAL--The clearance between the index of the indicator and the reading face shall not exceed 0.06 inch-except as is provided in paragraph B-2m (5)-m the case of all automatic-inlicat-
ing scales except uncompensated spring scales-that m, spring scales not
equipped with a device intended to compensate for changes in the elastici~y of the springs due to temperature effects, or not so designed as to be substantially independent of such changes; in this latter class of scales this clearance shall not exceed 0.12 inch.
B-2m (5). CLEARANCE WHEN INDICATIONS ARE MAGNIFIED.-When in normal usage any weight indicator and reading face are necessarily viewed or may be viewed as magnified by means of a lens system, the requ-irement of paragraph B-2m ( 4) as to maximum clearance between the index of the indicator and the reading face shall be that the specified maximum clearance shall be reduced in inverse proportion to the angular magnification of the lens system.
B-2n. DAMPING DEVICE.-An automatic-indicating scale shall be equipped with an effective dash-pot or other equivalent damping means whenever the incorporation of such a device is necessary in order to bring the indicating elements quickly to rest.
B-2o. UNIT WEIGHTS.-The total value of all unit weights in place at any time shall be automatically indicated on the reading face. The mechanism for applying and removing unit weights shall be positive in its operation and shall provide for the rapid addition and removal of unit weights one at a time; it shall be controlled by means conveniently located and operated in a simple manner from the outside of the housing; it shall funct~on prope1ly irrespective of the speed of manipulation.
B-2p. SECURITY OF ADJUSTMENT OF AUTOMATIC-INDICATING MECHANISM.-A pendulum, a spring, or other corresponding automatic-indicating weighing element shall be securely held in adjustment and shall not be adjustable from the outside of the scale; that is, a partial disassembling
17

of the scale mechanism or of the housing shall be required to reach any adjustable parts provided. (The requirement is not to be construed to include within its purview the means provided for adjusting the zero balance condition of a scale.)

B2-q. SCOOP COUNTERBALANCE.-A scale shall not be equipped with a scoop counterbalanced by a removable poise or weight. When a scale is equipped with a permanently attached device intended to counterbalance the weight of a movable scoop, this device shall clearly indicate on both sides of the scale whether the scoop should be on or off the scale.

B-2r. DRAINAGE OF PAN.-The pan or platform of a scale intended for the weighing of wet fish or other wet commodities shall be so constructed as to provide for drainage.

B-2s. HooKS.-If a scale is provided with a hanging pan, this shall be suspended from a ring and no hook will be allowed. A hook may be used only on a scale for which no pan is provided.
B-2t. INSTALLATION.

B-2t (1). GENERAL.-The installation of any scale shall be such as
w insure the neces~a1y p1otection against wind and weather effects for
the lever system and the under side of the platform.
B-2t (2). FIXED-LOCATION TYPES.-The foundation and supports of any scale installed in a fixed location shall be such as to insure adequate strength, rigidity, and permanence; all working parts of the scale shall be in proper condition as to level and verNcal alinement; adequate clearances shall be provided around all live parts.

B-2u. FACILITATION OF FRAUD.-A scale shall be of such design and -construction that it does not facilitate the perpetration of fraud.

B-2v. CENTER LOAD TEST OF SCALES.-When a scale is tested with increasing loads approximately centered on the load-receiving element, the accuracy and sensitiveness of the scale shall conform to the appropriate tolerances and SR requirements hereinafter given.

B-2w. SHIFT TEST OF .SCALES.-A scale having four main load bearings

shall give results accurate within tolerance when a load of one-quarter

capacity or less is placed so that its center of gravity lies as nearly as

may be over any one of the main load bearings, as indicated by the

points designated 1 in the following diagram, and when a load of one-

half capacity is so placed at the center of any quarter of the platform,

as indicated by the points designated 2 in the following diagram:

.. I',

, , ,. .... .. ....

,
... "I

, / , ',2"...'... ...

.... .......

,

1,.

,

',2"...'.

"'
...

...

.,...
....

,
'
,

,. , ',2. "'' ...

....

,'

.
. .

. 2
;

..... .

,
....

' ,

.,....

"'

'I..

18

On any scale having a stabilized load"receiving element-that is, one mounted above the lever system on two load bearings and maintained in position by means of a stabilized linkage-when a load of one-half capacity is placed so that its center of gravity lies over any point halfway between the center and edge of the load-receiving element, the error shall .no.t differ from the error . on center loading by more than the t~lerance. "on ratio" for the loa.d in question, as contained in the column so headed in table 3, subject, however, to the limitations as to minimu~ toleflmces.
B-2x.. INCREASJNG.- AND- DE;CREASING- LOAD TEST OF AUTOMATIC- INDI-
CATING ScALES.-Then tests are bein~ made with both increasing and d~
creasing loads on an automatic-indicating scale, the indications on all increasing loads shall be within the regular tolerances specified, and also at any given load range between corresponding observations for increasing and decreasing loads shall not be greater than the sum of the tolerances in excess and in deficiency for the load in question.

B-2y. OVER-AND-UNDER INDICATOR.-An ove1-and-under indicator which does not directly indicate weight values, whet'her it is tntegral with or is attached to a scale, shall conform to t.he requirements of sections B-2j, B-2k, B-21, B-2m, and B-2n, insofar as these requi1ements are applicable. The 'attachment to a scale of an over-and-under indicator which directly indicates weight values shall be construed as constituting such scale an automatic-indicating scale, and all requirements for such scales apply accordingly.
B-2z. WEIGHT REGISTRATION.-When a scale is equipped with weight registering means, whether such means be integral with or attached to the scale, the registering means shall be susceptible of giving accurate, clear, distinct, and definite representations of weight, throughout its designed operating range; in the case of a scale equipped with unit -~flights, the weight representations shall include the values B-2j, B-21, B-2m, K-6b, and K-6c shall apply to weight registrations insofar as these requirements are applicable, and these requirements shall be broadly applied to appropriate portions of the said weight registrations so as to require a comparable degree of accuracy, clearness, definiteness, precision of reading, etc., in the case of weight registrations and of weighbeam and reading-face weight indications.

C-1. Definitions.

C. SPRING SCALES

C-la. SPRING SCALE.-A spring scale is an automatic-indicating scale in which the weight indications result from the change of shape or of dimensions of an elastic body or system of such bodies. A scale in which metallic bands or strips are employed for the primary purpose of fulfilling the functions of pivots and bearings shall not be considered to be a spring scale within the meaning of this definition.

C-lb. COMPENSATED AND UNCOMPENSATED SPRING SCALES.-A compenSJlted spring scale is one equipped with a device intended to compensate for changes in the elasticity of the spring or springs due to temperature

19

effects, or one so designed as to be substantially independent of such changes. An uncompensated spring scale is one not equipped, or not designed, as described above.
C-1c. STRAIGHT-FACE SPRING SCALE.-A straight-face spring scale is a spring scale in which an indicator' is affixed to a spring without intervening mechanism and registers the extension of the spring on a straight graduated face.
C-2. Specifications.
C-2a. SPRING SUPPORT-The support for the spring of a straight-face spring scale shall be permanently affixed to the frame of the scale.
C-2b. READING FAcE.-The reading face of a straight-face spring scale shall be firmly riveted to the frame at not less than three points.
C-2c. GRADUATIONS.-On a straight-face spring scale the clear intervals between graduations shall not be less than 0.04 inch and the values of the graduations shall satisfy the requirements of the following table:

Capacity
Pound
25 50 100 200

Maximum value of interval
Pounda
% 1 1 2

Capacity
Pounda
300 400 500

Mazimum '

value of i

interval

I
!

Pounda

I

i

5 1
5

5

i I

D. COMPUTING SCALES
D-1. DEFINITION.-A computing scale is a scale which, in addition to Indicating the weight, indicates the total price of the amount of commodity weighed, for a series of unit prices, throughout all or a portion of the weighing range of the scale.
D-2. SPECIFICATIONS.
D-2a. INDICATIONS To BE CORRECT.-A computing scale shall be correct in both its weight and value indications. There shall b.e no duplication of value figures or graduations in any given column or row on a computing scale chart.
D-2b. INDICATORS.
D-2b (1). GENERAL.-A computing scale shall be equipped with weight indicators on both the dealers' and customers' sides, and with a value indicator on the dealers' side, and the width of such indicators shall not exceed 0.015 inch. Except as is provided in paragraph D-2b (2), the clearance between the indexes of the weight and the value indicators and the reading face and chart shall not exceed 0.06 inch.
20

D-2b (2). CLEARANCE WHEN INDICATIONS ARE MAGNIFIED.-When in normal usage any weight or value indicator and reading face or chart are necessarily viewed or may be viewed as magnified by means of a lens system, the requirement of paragraph D-2b (1) as to maximum clearance between the indexes of the indicators and the reading face and chart shall be that the specified maximum clearance shall be reduced in inverse proportion to the angular magnification of the lens system.
D-2c. GRADUATIONS.
D-2c ( 1) . VALUE OF.-The value of the value graduations on a computing scale chart shall not exceed 1 cent on all prices per pound up to and includ,ing 30 cents; at any higher price per pound the value shall not exceed 2 cents: Provided, however, That this shall not be construed to prevent the placing of a special value grq,_duation to represent each 5-cent interval. These special graduations may take the form of dots, staggered graduations, or similar forms; they shall be so placed that their meaning and value m4y be clearly under.stood, but they shall not be placed in the space between the regular graduations.
D-2c (2). WIDTH.-The weight graduations and the value graduations shall be clear and distinct, but in no case shall their width be less than 0.008 inch-except as provided in paragraph D-2c (4)-nor more than the width of the mintmum clear interval between the graduations.
4-2c (3). CLEAR INTERVAL BETWEEN.-Except as provided in paragraph D-2c (4), the clear interval between the weight graduations on all computing scales shall not be less than 0.01, inch, a,nd the clear interval between the value graduations shall not be less than 0.02 inch: Provided, however, That this shall not be construed to apply to the special value graduations denoting 5-cent intervals, mentioned in paragraph D-2c (1).
D-2c. (4). MAGNIFIED INDICATING ELEMENTS.-When in normal usage any indicating elements are necessarily viewed as magnified by means of a lens system, the requirements of paragraph D-2c (2) as to minimum width of graduations and of paragraph D-2c (3) as to minimum clear iuterval between graduations shall be that the apparent size of the magnified image of such elements as seen by an observer occupying a normal average position with respect to the scale shall be equivalent to the apparent size of elements complying with the stated requirements and viewed by the unaided eye from a normal distance.
D-2d. READABILITY.-A computing scale equipped with a drum-shaped chart shall be so constructed that the opening on the dealers' side discloses at least two va)ue graduations at the lowest price per pound, and that the opening on the customers' side discloses a sufficient number of weight graduations so that at any load within the weighing range of the scale the weight indication can be correctly read.
21

E. CREAM-TEST AND BUTTERFAT-TEST SCALES
E-1. DEFINITIONS.-A cream-test or butterfat-test scale is a scale especially designed and adapted for determining the butterfat content of cream or butter.
E-2. SPECIFICATIONS.
E-2a. INDICATING DEVICES.
E-2a ( i). To BE PROVIDED.-A cream-test or butterfat-test scale shall
be provided with a graduated scale or arc divided into at least 10 equal spaces, over which the indicator shall play to indicate the balance condition of the scale-.
E-2a (2). DESIGN OF ARC.-The clear interval between the graduations on the graduated ~scale or arc shall not be less than 0.04 inch: Provided, however, That when in normal usage the indicating elements are .neces~ sarily viewed as magnified by means of lens system, the requirement of this paragraph as to minimum clear int~rval betwe!!n graduations shall be that the apparent size of the magnified image of such elements as seen by an observer occupying a normal average position with respect to the scale shall be equivalent to the apparent size of elements complying with the stated requirement and viewed by the unaided eye from a normal distance.
E-2a (3). DESIGN OF INDICATOR.-The indicator shall be of such length as to reach to the graduated divisions; or if the construction is such that the indicator and graduated scale are in the same ;lane, then there shall not be a separation of the ends of the graduations and the end of the indicator of more than 0.04 inch, this distance to be measured along the line of the graduations. The indicator shall terminate in a fine point to enable the readings to be made with precision..
E-2b. LEVELING MEANS.-A cream-test or butterfat-test scale whose weight indications are changed by an amount greater than one-half the tolerance allowed, when set in any position on a surface making an angle of 5 percent or approximately 3 with the horizontal, shall be equipped with leveling screws.
E-2c. SHIFT TEST.-A cream-test scale shall be so designed and constructed that when an 18-gram weight is shifted to any position on the scale pan normally occupied by a cream-test bottle or to any position on the scale pan in which an 18-gram weight may reasonably be placed when samples are being weighed, the error shall not differ from the error on center loading by more than 1 grain, or approximately 65 milligrams.
F. PRESCRIPTION SCALES AND BALANCES
F-1. APPLICATION.-Class A prescription scales and balances may be used for all determinations of the character specified in the definition following. In the case of a drug store doing prescription work, which is
22

provided with a class A prescription scale or balance, then and in that case only a class B prescription scale or balance may be approved for use, but only for the weighing of loads of 10 grains or more. The specifications and tolerances for class A prescription scales and balances shall also apply to scales used in the purchase and sale of gold, insofar as they are applicable.
F-2. DEFINITION--PrestTiption scales and balances are scales and balances designed for or adapted to weighing the ingredients of medicinal and other formulas prescribed by physicians and others and entering into. the ordinary trade of pharmacists and chemists, and which are used or intended to be used for such purpose. These scales or balances shall be of two classes, class A and class B. A class A scale ot balance is one which meets sensibility reciprocal and tolerance requirements given hereinafter for class A prescription scales and balances. A class B scale or balance is one which is somewhat less sensitive and accurate than a class A scale or balance, but which complies with the sensibility reciprocal and tolerance requirements given hereinafter for clm;s B pre~crip tion scales and balances.
F-3. SPECIFICATIONS.
F-3a. INDICATING MEAt-iS.
F-3a (1). To BE PROVIDED.-A prescription scale or balance shall be equipped with means which will accuratyly indicate its condition of balance.
F-3a (2). TYPES.-The indicating means may consist of one indicating edge, line, or point, and a graduated scale or arc; or of two indicating edges, lines, or points. The design shall be such that when the beam vibrates one or both of the elements will oscillate with reference to the other.
F-3a (3). DESIGN.-If the indicating means consists of a single indi eating edge, line, or point and a graduated scale or arc, then the graduated scale or arc shall be divided into equal spaces with at least 0.04 inch clear interval between the graduations, and the edge, line, or point shall reach to the graduated scale; or if the construction is such that the indicator and graduated scale are in the. same plane, then there shall not be a separation of the ends of the graduations and the end of the indicator of more than 0-04 inch, this distance to be measured along the line of the graduations. The indicator shall be so designed and constructed as to enable the readings to be made with precision. If the indicating means consists of two indicating edges, lines, or points, these shall be sharply defined, and shall in no case be more than 0.04 inch from each othe1 when the scale is in balance, this space to be measured h01izontally.
F-3a (4). CLEARANCE.- The distance between the graduated scale and the indicator shall in no case exceed 0.04 inch.
23

F-3b. PIVOTS AND BEARINGS.-Pivots and bearings of prescription scales and balances shall be made of hardened steel or of agate.
F-3c. ARRESTING MEANS-A prescription scale or balance shall be provided with a device for arresting the vibration of the mec}lanism.
F-3d. MARKING OF CLASS B SCALES.-A class B prescription scale or balance shall be conspicuously and clearly marked with the words "Class B. Not to be used in weighing loads of less than 10 grains", or with a similar and suitable wording conveying the same information. (In the case of class B prescription scales and balances, which are hereafter manufactured in the State or brought into the State, this requirement shall be fulfilled by the manufacturer. In all other cases the inscription shall be placed upon such scales and balances by the weights and measures official.)
F-3e. AsSUMED CAPACITY.-For the purpose of applying the SR requirements and tolerances hereinafter given, the capacity of all prescription scales and balances which are in the State, either in use or in the stock of manufacturers of or dealers in such apparatus, and which shall not have the nominal or rated capacity marked upon them, shall be taken to be 1 apothecaries' ounce (or 30 grams).
G. PERSON WEIGHERS
G-1. APPLICATION.-The specifications for person weighers shall apply in those cases in which person weighers are used or to be used commercially-that is, when a charge is made for the weighing serviceand such use shall be permitted only when such specifications are complied with. They are not to be applied to scales specifically designed for the weighing of infants and children. Whenever noncommercial person weighers are inspected and tested by the weights and measures official, it is recommended that these be officially sealed only when they comply with these specifications and the tolerances given hereinafter.
G-2. DEFINITIONS.
G-2a. PERSON WEIGHER-A scale of any type which is specially designed for the weighing of persons.
G-2b. BEAM PERSON WEIGHER.-A person weigher in which weight indications are obtained by the manipulation of one or more weighbeam poises.
G-2c. AUTOMATIC-INDICATING PERSON WEIGHER.-A person weigher in which weights are automatically indicated on a reading face of any type.
G-2d. TICKET PERSON WEIGHER.-A person weigher in which a representation of each individual weight is automatically made upon a ticket,
24

-eard, etc., which is automatically delivered to a suitable receptacle on the outside of the scale.
G-3. SPECIFICATIONS.
G-3a. CAPACITY-A person weigher shall have a capacity of not less than 250 pounds.
G-3b. ZERO INDICATION.-A person weigher shall be so designed and constn.tcted that it has a definite and clear zero graduation and gives a definite and clear i"lldication of its zero balance condition at all times when ready for use. In the case of an automatic-indicating or ticket person weigher, the zone through?ut which the zero balance condition is indicated shall correspond to at least 5 pounds 011 each side of the zero graduation.
G-3c. WEIGHT INDICATIONS.
G-3c (1). GENERAL.-A person weigher shall be so designed and constructed that it is susceptible of giving weight indications at all points between zero and capacity: Provided, however, That a person weighm may have an interval between zero and some definite weight value throughout which weight values ar-e not given, but in this case the person weigher shall be so designed and constructed that whenever the weight on the platform is such as to fall within this interval, any coin inserted will be returned to the user through automatic delivery to a suitable receptacle on the outside of the person weigher, or the insertion of a coin in the coin slot will automatically be prevented.
G-3c (2). MAXIMUM VALUE ALLOWABLE.-The maximum value of the minimum weight graduations on a person weigher shall be 1 pound.
G-3d. INSTRUCTIONS To BE MARKED.-A person weigher which is liable to give incorrect results except when special precautions are observed shall have apppropriate and explicit instructions conspicuously, clearly, and permanently marked upon it.
G-3e. MEANS FOR AFFIXING CONDEMNING TAG.-A person weigher shall be so designed and constructed ns to facilitnte the affixing by the weights and measures official of n condemning tag by means of a wir-e in such a way that the insertion of a coin in the coin slot will be prevented when the device is under- condemnation.
G-3f. EXHAUSTION OF TICKET SUPPLY.-A ticket person weigher shall be so designed and constr-ucted that throughout a period when the supply of tickets is exhausted, any coin which is inserted will be retur-ned to the user through automatic deliver-y to a suitable receptacle on the outside of the person weigher, or the inser-tion of a coin in the coin slot will automatically be pr-evented.
G-3g. TIME OF PRINTING TICKET.-A ticket person weigher shall be so designed and constructed that the printing, stamping, or transferring
of. tpe weight record on the ticket will not occur until the weighing
mecnanism has had ample opportunity to come to rest, under normal person-weighing conditions.
25

G-3h. REPRESENTATION OF WEIGHT.
G-3h (1). GENERAL.-A ticket person weigher shall be so designed and constructed that it is susceptible of giving a clear, distinct, and definite statement or representation of weight on the weight ticket: Provided, however, That if there is an interval between zero and a definite weight value throughout which tickets are not given, then, when a weighing within this interval is attempted, the coin shall be returned or the insertion of a coin in the coin slot shall automatically be prevented, as provided in paragraph G-3c (1), or the weight value shall be indicated on a reading face.
G-3h (2). REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE.-Paragraph G-3h (1) shall be construed to require the provisions relative to weight indicators, weight graduations, clear intervals between weight graduations, etc., for person weighers and automatic-indicating scales, shall apply to the representations of weight made by a ticket person weigher, when this representation is such as to make these requirements applicable. These requirements shall be broadly applied to appropriate portions of the said representation so as to require the same degree of clearness, definiteness, precision of reading, etc., in the case of both ticket and automatic-indicating person weighers.
H. WHEEL-LOAD WEIGHERS
H-1. APPLICATION.-Wheel-load weighers are intended solely for official use in the enforcement of traffic or highway laws; when sealed by the weights and measures official they are to be sealed for this purpose only, and are never to be allowed in commercial use.
H-2. DEFINITION.-Wheel-load weighers shall, for the purpose of the application of the tolerances hereinafter given, mean portable devices designed for determining the wheel loads of vehicles on highways.
I. SENSIBILITY RECIPROCAL (SR) REQUIREMENTS
I-1. FOR LARGE-CAPACITY SCALES.
I-la. LARGE-CAPACITY SCALES EXCEPT RAILWAY TRACK SCALES.-The maximum maintenance S'R allowable (applicable to scales in. use), at the capacity of the scale or at any lesser load, shall be the value of two of the minimum weighbeam graduations, except that the maximum maintenance SR allowable on a vehicle scale shall in no case be less than 10 pounds. The maximum acceptance and adjustment SR allowable (applicable to "new" scales as defined in paragraph A-2q), whether or not the scale is a vehicle scale, shall be the value of one of the minimum weighbeam graduations. Provided, however, That in the c~se of a scale of a capacity of more than 60,000 pounds, the maximum maintenance SR allowable shall in no case exceed 40 pounds, and the maximum acceptance and adjustment SR allowable shall in no case exceed 20 pounds.
26

1-1b. RAILWAY TRACK SCALES.-The maximum maintenance SR allowable on a railway track scale except one in grain-weighing service, at the capacity of the scale or at any lesser load, shall be 100 pounds, and on a railway track scale in grain-weighing service, 50 pounds. The maximum acceptance and adjustment SR allowable, on a railway track scale, whether or not it is in grain-weighing service, shall be 50 pounds.

1-2. FOR SMALL-CAPACITY ScALES.-The maximum SR allowable on a small-capacity scale, at the capacity of the scale or at any lesser load, shall be, the appropriate value shown in table 1, or the value of two of the minimum weigh-beam graduations, whichever is less: Provided, however, That the manufacturers' maximum allowable SR, or the maximum SR allowable on a new small-capacity scale, shall be one-half the appropriate value shown in table 1, or the value of one of the minimum beam graduations, whichever is less.

TABLE 1.-Maxim'um Allowable SR on

Small-Capacity Scales
,------------------

Capacity of Scale

Maximum SR

Allowable

Pounds

Ounces

3 or less ____________ ------------------------------- ___________ _

4 to 7, inclusive __ ------------------------------------------------

14,

8 to 14, inclusive ____ --------------------------------------------- 1f2

15 to 23, inclusive ------------------------- ______ _______________ %,

24 to 39, inclusive -------------------------

_____________ 1

40 to 49, inclusive

_____ ___________

1%

50 to 74, inclusive -------------------------- _____________________ 1% 75 to 89, inclusive _______ ___________________ _________________ 2

90 to 99, inclusive ------------------------------------------------ 2 1h 100 and over -------------------------------------------------------- 3
-----------------------------

1-3. FOR COMPUTING ScALES.-For the maximum SR allowable on a computing scale of such a type that the definition of SR is applicable, see paragraph 1-2.

1-4. FOR CREAM TEST AND BUTTERFAT TEST SCALES.-The maximum SR allowable on a cream-test or butterfat-test scale shall be 1 grain, or approximately 65 milligrams, when the scale is under maximum load: Provided, however, That the manufacturers' maximum allowable SR, or the maximum SR allowable on a new cream-test or butterfat-test scale, shall be one-half of this value. (In the case of a cream-test scale the maximum load is defined as the weight of the sample used in each bottle multiplied by the number of bottles for which the scale is designed, plus the total tare of these bottles.)

1-5. FOR PRESCRIPTION SCALES AND BALANCES.

l-5a. CLASS A SCALES AND BALANCES.-The maximum SR allowable on a class A prescription scale or balance of a capacity of 1h ounce (or 15 grams) or more, at the capacity of the scale or balance or at any

27

lesser load, shall be 0.2 grain (or 13 mg), or the value of two of the minimum weighbeam graduations, whichever is less: Provided, however, That the manufacturers' maximum allowable SR, or the maximum SR allowable on a new prescription scale or balance, shall be one-half of the value given, or one of the minimum beam graduations, whichever is less. (If any prescription scale or balance has a smaller capacity than .! ounce-or 15 grams-the maximum SR allowable at the capacity or at any lesser load shall be the same proportionate part of the applicable value specified above that this capacity is of .! ounce-or 15 gramsor the value of two or of one' of the minimum weighbeam graduations, whichever is less.)
l-5b. CLASS B SCALES AND BALANCES.-The maximum SR allowable on a class B prescription scale or balance, at the capacity or at any lesser load, shall be 0.5 grain; Provided, however, That the manufacturers' maximum allowable SR, or the maximum SR allowable on a riew class B prescription scale or balance, shall be one-half the value given;
1-6. FOR PERSON WEIGHERS.-For the maximum SR allowable on beam person weighers see paragraph 1-1.
1-7. COTTON BEAMS
l-7a. SR REQUIREMENTS.-The SR' of a cotton beam shall not exceed 8 ounces, either empty or under any condition of loading up to its full
capacity.
I-7b. AccELERATION LIMITED.-When a cotton beam is placed 2 inches from horizontal at the 600 pound graduation when under a load of 500 pounds, it shall respond to a weight of 1 pound or less. In other words, with a load of 500 pounds applied to the scale and with the poise properly positioned, if the beam is placed at a position 2 inches below horizontal or below the level position, if an additional 1 pound weight is added to the load receiving element of the scale, it shall cause the blade of the beam to rise. An_d, if the scale, in the condition outlined above, is raised to a point 2 inches above horizontal or above level and 1 pound is subtracted from the applied load of 500 pounds, the blade of the beam shall drop.
( 1). You will understand that these requirements are the maximum limits, and the SR of the beam will be permitted to be less than 8 ounces so long as the beam is stable and will oscillate under no load, and it will not be absolutely required that a cotton beam shall be accelerating; however, an accelerating beam which does not exceed this maximum allowance, will be permitted, and, in fact, this type of beam is preferable for experienced weighers; such as you will find around compresses, warehouses, etc.
For a scale or balance in use. 'For a new scale or balance.
28

J. TOLERANCES
J-1. FOR LARGE-CAPACITY SCALES.'
J-1a. FOR LARGE-CAPACITY SCALES EXCEPT RAILWAY TRACK SCALES.-
The maintenance tolerances (applicable to scales in use), in excess or deficiency, shall be as follows: For vehicle scales, livestock scales, and coal mine and tipple scales, 2 pounds per 1,000 pounds of test load (0.20 percent) on weighbeam, reading-face, and unit-weight indications, and 1% pounds per 1,000 pounds of test load (0.15 per cent) on ratio; for other scales, the values shown in table 2. The acceptance and adjustment tolerances (applicable to "new" scales as defined in Paragraph A-2q), in excess or deficiency shall be as follows: For vehicle scales, 1 pound per 1,000 pounds of test load (0.10 percent) on weighbeam, reading-face, and unit-weight indications, and % pound per 1,000 pounds of test load (0.075 percent) on ratio; for other scales, one-half the values shown in table 2. In addition, the above tolerances shall be subject to the following provisos:
1. Except as is provided herein, the tolerance on a beam scale in use shall not be less than the value of one of the minimum beam graduations; on a vehicle scale, in use, when a load of test weights of not less than 8,000 pounds is employed in any test, the tolerance shall not be less than one of the following values: 5 pounds on a scale having a minimum graduation of 2% pounds or less; 10 pounds on a scale having a minimum graduation of 5 pounds or 10 pounds; 20 pounds on a scale having a minimum graduation of 20 pounds.
2. Except as is provided herein, the tolerance on the reading face of an automatic-indicating scale in use shall not be less than the value of one of the minimum graduations on the reading face or one fivehundredth of the capacity of the reading face, whichever is less, except that when the minimum graduation on the reading face is 1 pound or more such tolerance shall in no case be less than 1 pound; on an automatic-indicating vehicle scale, in use, when a load of test weights of not less than 8,000 pounds is employed in any test, the tolerance on the reading face shall not be less than one of the following values: 5 pounds on a scale having a minimum reading face graduation of 2% pounds or less: 10 pounds on a scale having a minimum reading face graduation of 5 pounds or 10 pounds; 20 pounds on a scale having a minimum reading face graduation of 20 pounds.
3. On an automatic-indicating scale, in use, the tolerance of any beam and the tolerance on ratio shall not be less than the minimum value specified in the one or the other of the preceding provisos, whichever is less.
4. The tolerance on new scales shall in no case be less than one-half of the tolerance value arrived at by the operation of provisos 1, 2, or 3, except that the special minimum tolerance values specified therein to apply to vehicle scales only, shall not be employed in computing the values of the tolerances on new vehicle scales.
'See also paragraphs B-2w and B-2x.
29

5. In the case of scale of a capacity of more than 60,000 pounds, the value of the minimum tolerance shall in no case be greater than 20 pounds for a scale in use and 10 pounds for a new scale.
6. The tolerance on scales when a load of 20,000 pounds or more is applied shall in no case be greater than 25 pounds on scales in use and 12% pounds on new scales.

TABLE 2.-Maintenance Tolerances for Large-Capacity Scales Except Track, Vehicle, Livestock, and Coal Mine and Tipple Scales
(See also paragraphs B-2w and B-2x)

Load (The amount of known weight on the load-
receiving element)

Tolerance on ratioa

Tolerance on weighbeam reading-face,
and unit-weight indications

Pounds

Ounces

0 to 99, inclusive...... % .................................. 1

100 to 199, inclusive...... 2.................................... 2

200 to 299, inclusive...... 3.................................... 4

300 to 399, inclusive...... 4.................................... 6

400 to 499, inclusive..... _ 5.................................... 8

Ounces

500 to 599, inclusive...... 600 to 799, inclusive...... 800 to 999, inclusive...... 1,000 and over................

7 ................................... . 8 ................................... . 11. ................................ . %. lb. per 1,000 lbs....

10 12 16 1 lb. per 1,000 lbs.

aTbe ratio is the multiplying power of the scale. This tolerance is applicable only to parts requiring the employment of counterpoise weights.

J-lb. FOR RAILWAY TRACK SCALES.
J-lb (1). The tolerance for railway track scales not equipped with automatic indicating or recording devices, and for scales normally equipped with these devices but while such devices are detached, shall be as follows:
(a) The maintenance tolerance (applicable to scales in use) for all scales except those in grain-weighing service, shall be -+-0.20 percent of the test load being utilized, applied as follows:

For a scale of more than two sections, to the maximum indicated percentage error of weighing as defined below, but with the added requirement that no individual sectional error shall exceed 0.30 percent of the test load being utilized.

For a scale of more than two sections, to the maximum individual percentage error developed when two or more test loads are applied to the scale at the same time at normal positions not closer together than the distance between adjacent sections.

30

For a two-section scale, to the maximum individual percentage error developed for any position of the test load or loads.
(b) The maintenance tolerance (applicable to scales in use) for scales in grain-weighing service, shall be 0.10 per ecnt of the test load being utilized, applied as follows:
For a scale of more than two sections, to the maximum indicated percentage error of weighing as defined on page 32.
For a scale of more than two sections, to the maximum individual percentage error developed when two or more test loads are applied to the scale at the same time and at normal positions which are farther apart than the distance between adjacent sections.
For a two-section scale, to the maximum individual percentage error developed for any position of the test load or loads.
(c) The acceptance and adjustment tolerance (applicable to new or newly reconditioned scales) for all scales shall be 0.05 percent of the test load being utilized, applied to the maximum individual percentage error developed for any position of the test load.
J-lb (2). The tolerance for railway track scales in which are embodied or to which are attached automatic-indicating or recording devices, for the respective types of scales and conditions of test, shall be the same as those for scales independent of such devices, except as follows:
(a) If the weight is indicated on a reading face, or by means of a printed impression showing the position of an indicating line with reference to a series of graduations, the maintenance tolerance shall not be less than the value of the minimum graduation on the reading face or printed impression, or 1/500 of the capacity of the automatic device, whichever is the smaller value, and the acceptance and adjustment tolerance shall not be less than one-half of the minimum specified for the maintenance tolerance.
(b) If the weight indications is a printed record compnsmg figures only, there shall be added to the tolerance which would otherwise be appropriate an amount equal to 50 percent of the value of the increment between indications that can be printed by the device, or 50 pounds, whichever value is the smaller.
NOTE.-A scale in grain-weighing service shall be corrected whenever a test discloses an error in excess of 0.10 percent for any position of a test load. (This requirement conforms to the recommendations of the Interstate Commerce Commission-Docket 9009; 56 I. C. C. 347.)
NOTE.-TEST LOADS.-The test loads contemplated to be used consist either of standard test weights carried on a four.wheel truck of known weight, or a railway track scale test weight car or cars, either truck or car to have a wheelbase not exceeding 7 feet. The test load should have a weight of not less than 30,000 pounds.
TEST-LOAD POSITIONS.-A test run comprises normal positions of the test load assumed when each pair of wheels of the truck or of the test car is successively vositioned over each section of the scale (except at each end section where only one truck position is possible) except that in the case of a two.section scale an additional position is utilized with the center of the truck midway between the sections.
31

MAXIMUM INDICATED PERCENTAGE ERROR OF WEIGHING.-The "maximum indicated percentage error of weighing" is computed for scales of more than two sections and is the largest mean value which can be derived from two errors developed during a single test run for positions ( 1) not closer together than the distance between adjacent sections on all Scales except those in grain-weighing service, or ( 2) farther apart than the distance between adjacent sections on all scales in grain.weighing service.
J-2. FOR SMALL-CAPACITY SCALES EXCEPT UNCOMPENSATED" SPRING SCALES.'0-The tolerances for small-capacity scales except uncompensated" spring scales, in excess or deficiency shall be the value shown in table 3, except that the manufacturers' tolerances, or the tolerances for new scales, shall be one-half the values shOIWn, and subject, in addition, to the following provisos:
1. On a scale other than an automatic-indicating scale when the scale is equipped with a weighbeam, the tolerance shall in no case be less than one-half of one of the minimum graduations on the weighbeam; when the scale is not equipped with a weighbeam, the tolerance shall in no case be less than one-half of the actual SR of the scale at the load in question.
2. On an automatic-indicating scale, the tolerance shall in no case be less than the value of one-quarter of one of the minimum graduations on the reading face, except that on new scales it shall in no case be less than the value of one-eighth of one of the minimum graduations on the reading face.
3. The minimum tolerances arrived at by the operation of provisos 1 and 2 shall also apply in the shift test.
"Not equipped with a device intended to compensate for changes in the elasticity of the springs due to temperature effects, or not so designed as to be substantially independent of such changes.
' 0Also see paragraphs A-2q, B-2w, and B-2x.
32

TABLE 3.-Tolerances for Small-Capacity Scales, Except Uncompensated Spring Scales
(See also paragraphs A-2q, B-2w, and B-2x)

Tolerance on

Loada

Tolerance on

weighbeam or

Pounds
l__ __ _
2 and 3_____ _

ratiob

, reading face

- ----- ~------~---1-----

1

0 unces

'
1

Ounces

1I 1 G _______________________ , 1I 16

1 I 1 G_____________ __________ 118

4 to 7, inclusive_______ ____ 1
8 to 14, inclusive__ ________ 15 to 23, inclusive. 24 to 29, inclusive __________ i

1/8......... -------------------, 3/lG 1

1/4 ----------------------- ... 1, 318

5/16__

_ ___ : 112

:3 I 8...

------' l /2

30 to :39, inclusive ___ _ 40 to 49, inclu~ive ___ _

318 7 /1G.

- -- 5/8 518

50 to 59, inclusive....

1/2 ...

60 to 74, inclusive ____________ , 5/8..

-------1 :l/4 -------' 1

75 to 89, inclusive____ ___ , :l/ 4...

.]1

1

1

190 to 99, inclusive _________ _

718...

__ ,1 114

!100 and over.. .. ________________ , 1 oz. per l 00 lbs. _____ 1 1/2 ozs. pe1 100 lbs. 1

aThe amount of kno\Yll weight on the load.receiving element of the scale. bThe ratio is the multiplying po\V{r of the stalc. Thi::> tolcranc>e is applied to varts requiring the employment of counterpoise weights.

(a) Providing, however, The tolerances on counter computing scales with capacities up to and including 30 pounds shall be as follows:

1 - ------- -~~p~c~y---~ ~--- -~------------~ --~----~-Tol:an=~-~n1 ---~------ ------------------~----~ reading face I

1 / 4 ..

________________

___ __________ _ 114 ounce I

1/2..

_ _________________

____________

112 ounce

3/4.. ------- --FulL________ __

_____________

3/4 ounce 1 ounce

~----~-------~--

J-3. FOR SMALL-CAPACITY UNCOMPENSATED SPRING SCALES.-The tolerances for small-capacity uncompensatedll spring scales, in excess or deficiency, shall be the values shown in table 3, except that the manufacturers' tolerance or the tolerances for new scales shall be one-half the values shown: Provided, however, That the tolerance shall in no case be less than one-quarter of the value of one of the minimum graduations on the reading face, except that on new scales it shall in no case be less than one-eighth of such minimum graduation.

J-4. FOR COMPUTING ScALES.-For the tolerances on computing scales see paragraphs .J-2 and J-3.

11Not equipped with a device intended to compensate for changes in the elasticity of the springs due to temperature effects, or not so designed as to be substantially independent of such changes.

33

J-5. FOR CREAM-TEST AND BUTTERFAT-TEST SCALES.-The tolerance for cream-test or butterfat-test scales in excess or deficiency, shall be 1 grain or approximately. 65 milligrams: Provided, hpwever, That the
manufacturers' tolerance or the tolerance for new scales shall be onehalf of this value. In the case of a cream-test scale the tolerance shall be applied on loads of 18 grams each, one of which shall be added when the scale is under approximately the maximum load as defined in paragraph I-4. (See also paragraph E-2c.)
J-6. FOR PRESCRIPTION SCALES AND BALANCES.
J-6a. CLASS A SCALES AND BALANCES.-The tolerances on the ratio of arms of class A prescription scales and balances in exce~s or deficiency, shall be the values shown in table 5. If a scale, or balance is equipped with a graduated weighbeam, the tolerance at any graduation on the beam shall be the value of the actual SR of the scale or balance at the load in question.

TABLE 5.-Tolerances on Ratio of "Arms of Class A Prescription Scales and Balances

Load

Tolerance on ratio

Ounces ap
.! ............. 1............................ 2 ........................... . 4 ........................... . 8............................

Grams 15 30 60
120 240

Grains 0.2
.4 .8 1.6 3.2

Milligrams 13 26 52
104 208

aThe amount of known weight on the load-receiving element of the scale.
(If any prescription scale or balance has a smaller capacity. than .! ounce-or 15 grams-the tolerance to be allowed shall be the same proportionate part of 0.2 grain-or 13 milligrams-that this capacity is of .! ounce-or 15 grams.)
J-6b. CLASS B SCALES AND BALANCES.-The tolerances on the ratio of arms of class B prescription scales and balances, in excess or deficiency, shall be the values shown in table 6. If a scale or balance is equipped with a graduated weighbeam, the .tolerance at any graduation on the beam shall be 0.3 grain-or 20 milligrams-unless this value is less than tl)at of the actual SR of the scale at the load in question, in which case the value of this actual SR shall be used as the tolerance at any graduation on the beam:

34

TABLE 6.-Tolerancea on Ratio of Arms of Class B Prescription Scalea and Balances

Loada
Ounces ap
'.!-----------------------1.--------------------------24 -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ -_
8.---------------------------

Grams 15 30 60
120 240

Tolerance on ratio
'

Milligrams

Grain

30

0.5

65

1.0

130

2.0

260

4.0

520

8.0

aThe amount of known weight on the load.receiving element of the scale.

(If any class B prescription scale or balance has a smaller capacity than % ounce-or 15 grams-the tolerance to be allowed shall be the same proportionate part of 0.5 grain-or 30 milligrams-that this capacity is of % ounce-or 15 grams.)

J-7. FOR PERSON WEIGHERS.-For the tolerances on person weighers see paragraph J-1.

J-8. FOR WHEEL-LOAD WEIGHERS.-The tolerance for wheel-load weighers shall be 5 percent, in excess or deficiency of the load applied: Provided, however, That the manufacturers' tolerance, or the tolerance for new wheel-load weighers, shall be 3 percent, in excess or deficiency, of the load applied: And provided further, That this latter tolerance shall also be applied to wheel-load weighers which are being retested after having been found inaccurate and subsequently adjusted or repaired. When wheel-load weighers are tested in pairs, the tolerance shall be applied to the sum of the indications of the two weighers and both shall be approved or condemned upon the sum of their indications; in this case each of the pair of weighers shall be appropriately marked to identify the pair tested together.

K. GENERAL REGULATIONS
1<:-i. LADING.
K-1a. MAXIMUM.-A scale shall not be used for weighing loads greater than its nominal or rated capacity.
K-1b. MINIMUM ON VEHICLE AND LIVESTOCK SCALES.-A vehicle scale or a livestock scale shall not be used for weighing loads of less than 1,000 pounds.
K-2. STRAIGHT AND LEVEL APPROACHES.-A vehicle scale shall have at least 12 feet of straight driveway at either end of the scale in the same plane as the platform.
K-3. BALANCE CONDITION.-A scale shall be maintained in balance. 35

K-4. LEVEL CONDITION.--A scale which is portable and which is being used on a counter or table or on the floor shall be maintained in level.
K-5. FREE SUSPENSION.-A scale of the hanging type shall be freely suspended when in use.
K-6. WEIGHT GRADUATIONS ON ScALES.
K-6a. Foon ScALES.-The value of the m1mmum weight graduations pn a scale equipped with a weighbeam or reading face, used in the sale pf foodstuffs at .retail, shall not exceed 1 ounce: Provided, however, That this shall not apply to a scale used exclusively in the sale of fruits and/or v:egetables. A spring scale not equipped with a device intended tu compensate for changes in the elasticity of the springs due to temperature effects, or not so designed as to be substantially independent of such changes, shall not be used in the retail sale of foodstuffs other than fruits and vegetables.
K-6b. VEHICLE ScALES.-The value of the minimum weight graduations on the weighbeam and/or on the reading face of a vehicle scale having a capacity of not more than 60,000 pounds shall not exceed 20 pounds.
K-6c. LIVESTOCK SCALES.-The value of the minimum weight graduations on the weighbeam and/ or on the reading face of a livestock scale shall not exceed 5 pounds.
K-7. DRAINAGE.-Wet fish or other wet commodities shall be weighed only on scales the pan or platform of which will properly drain.
K-8. USE OF CLASS B PRESCRIPTION SCALE OR BALANCE.-A class .B prescription scale or balance shall only be used in a drug store provided with a class A prescription scale or balance, and shall only be used for the weighing of loads of 10 grains or more.
K-9; READABILITY OF INDICATION ON PERSON WEIGHERS.-A ticket person, weigher shall be so maintained in use that all statements or representations of weight printed, stamped, or otherwise transferred on or to the weight ticket during operation shall be clear and distinct.
K-10. OWNER OF PERSON WEIGHER TO BE IDENTIFIED.-A person weigher shall be permanently and legibly marked with a statement containing the name an(\ address of the person, firm, or corporation responsible for placing the person weigher in service, in combination with some such words as "Operated by", "Maintained by", etc.: Provided, however, That such statement shall not be required when the person weigher is in service on t~e premises of such person, firm, or corporation.
K-11. LENGTHENING OF SCALE PLATFORMS.-The length of the platform of a vehicle scale shall not be increased beyond the manufacturer's designed dimension except when the modification has been approved by competent scale engineering authority, preferably that of the engineering department of the manufacturer of the scale, and by the weights and measures authority having jurisdiction over the scale.
36

K-12. POSITION OF WEIGHING OR MEASURING DEVICE.-A weighing or measuring device used in retail trade, except as used exclusively in the preparation of packages put up in advance of sale, shall be so positioned that its indications may be accurately read, and the weighing or measuring operation observed, from some reasonable "customer" position. (The permissible distance between the device and a reasonable customer position will depend upon the size and character of the indicating elements of the device.)

K-13. CONVERSION OF RAILROAD TRACK SCALES.-In the conversion of a railroad track scale to that of a motor truck scale, scale engineers, manufacturers, or mechanics must submit to the Weights and Measures Division of the Georgia Department of Agriculture, specifications and blue prints of contemplated changes for approval before any actual changes are made. Ref. Report 1941, M & W C N.

K-14. OPEN PIPE LEVERS.-Scales of the pipe-lever type with the ends of the pipes open, thereby permitting coal or dirt to creep .in and into which mice and rats may go, must be sealed so as to prevent the same from happening. This will apply to all installations made after August 1, 1944 and to all such scales shops overhauled after August 1, 1944.

K-15. All scales designed to weigh loads of ten tons or more must be equipped with steel weigh-bridges of "I" beam type of minimum siz~

and weight in accordance with the following table:

I Capacity

Platform size

Weighbridge

Wood deck

Concrete deck

Size

weight Size

weight

10 Ton.................... 18'

12"

23lb

14"

23lb

10 Ton.................... 22'

12"

25lb

14"

25lb

10 Ton.................... 30'

14"

28lb

16"

30lb

10 Ton.................... 34'

14"

30lb

16"

36lb

15 Ton.................... 18'

12"

25lb

14"

30lb

15 Ton.................... 22'

14"

30lb

14"

36lb

15 Ton.................... 30'

16"

36lb

16"

40lb

15 Ton.................... 34'

16"

40lb

16"

47lb

20 Ton.................... 20'

14"

30lb

16"

34lb

20 Ton.................... 24'

16"

34lb

16"

40lb

20 Ton.................... 28'

16"

36lb

18"

47lb

20 Ton.................

34'

18"

47lb

18"

50lb

30 Ton.................... 24'

18"

50lb

18"

55lb

30 Ton.................... 28'

18"

55lb

21"

60lb

30 Ton.................... 34'

21"

60lb

24"

73lb

30 Ton.................... 40'

24"

73lb

24"

80lb

WEIGHTS SPECIFICATIONS
1. Weights shall be made of steel, iron, brass, or any other metal or alloy of metals not softer than brass: Provided, however, That weights
37

below 14 ounce shall not be made of iron or steel, but may be made of aluminum.
2. Weights shall have smooth surfaces, and no weight of more than 1 gram, 1 pennyweight, or 1 scruple shall have sharp points or corners.
3. Weights shall not be covered with a soft or thick coat of paint or varnish.
4. All holes in which foreign material is to be placed for adjusting purposes be of such form that the material will be permanently and securely held in place. In no case shall this adjusting material project beyond the surface of the weight.
5. Rings on weights shall not be split or removable.
6. All weights shall be clearly marked with their nominal value, and in addition weights intended for use on multiplying-lever scales shall be clearly rnarked with the value they represent when used upon the scale for which they are intended. Provided, however, That the value of weights of less than 1 gram, 1 pennyweight, or 1 scruple may be designated by dots, lines, figures, distinctive shape or other appropriate means.

TOLERANCES
The tolerances to be allowed in excess or deficiency on commercial avoirdupois weights shall be the values shown in the following table: Provided, however, That the manufacturers' tolerances or the tolerances to be allowed on new commercial avoirdupois weights shall be one-half of the values given.

Tolerances for Commercial Avoirdupois Weights

Weights
Pounds
~~:::::::_ ::.1
20--------------------------15....... -------------------- 10---------------------------
85-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__
4 _____________________________ _ 3 _____________________________ _ 2.. ------------'------------- !. ______________ ., _____________,

Tolerance, weights,
for equalarm scales
Grains 100:0 70.0 60.0 40.0 40.0 30.0 25.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0
38

Tolerance, counterpoise weights for multiplyinglever scales
Grains
20.0 18.0 13.0 12.0 10.0
8.0 5.0

Tolerances for Commercial Avoirdupois (Continued)

Weights

Ounces

10 ___________ _

-----1

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1

4------------------------------1 2------------------------------!
!_ _____________________________ :
1/2________________________ __!

1/4...... ------------------1 1/8.... ----------------------1 1 / 1 6 _______________________ 1

L__----~-~~_!_:::_::::::~:::::::::::::1

Toler~n~~. weights,
for equalarm scales
Grains
8.0 7.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.5
.5 .5 .2

i ._ T()lera,ll_C_e, ___ ..
r ! counterpoise
weights for multiplying lever seales
Grains
4.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

The tolerances to be allowed in excess or deficiency on apothecaries' prescription weights shall be the values shown in the two following tables: Provided, however, That the manufacturers' tolerances or the tolerances to be allowed on new apothecaries' prescription weights shall be one-half of the values given.

Tolerances for Prescription Weights in Apothecaries' System

:j
_ _ _w_e_ig_h_t_ _ _ _T_o_l_e_r_a_n_c_e_l, _ _ _ _w_e_ig_h_t_~___T_o_le_r_a_n_c-'-e-

Ounces ap
12........ ----------------------i 1 0 . . . . . . . . ---------------------1
::::::::::::::::::: -__ ::::_-_[

Grains
4.0
:42:.-0~0

I[

Scruples

II 3________________________________

~I, ~22:0~:_a_._.:_~_:_s_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

Grains
0.3 .25
.15

3 __________________ ---- ------1

.15

:::::::::::::::::::::::::------1 ;:~ I !~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::\ :~~

Dram ap

2-------------------------------! .0 4

8----------------- ------------ 1 1.0

I

!________________________________

.03

6________________________________, 1.0

4 _______________________________ :

o 7

3 ________________________________ :

:6

2--------------------------------1

.5

L_ ____________________________ ;

.3

I
~\
II

0.5.____________________________

.02

L 2
:1:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1

.015 .01

I

;

0.5_____________________________: ----~---11_________ -----------

----'

39

Tolerance for Pre,.cription Weighta in Metric System

I
Weight

Tolerance

Weight

Tolerance

Grama 500_________________________ 1
210oo0._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._.1'
~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::!
10.:_________________________ I
~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1
1...........------------------1

Milligram
350 200 150 100
50 40 25 15 10

Milligram
500_______________________ 2 0 0 _______________________ :
1oo _______________________ l
50_________________________ 20_________________________ 10_________________________

Milligram
7 4
3
2 1 1

The tolerances to be allowed in excess or deficiency on weights to be used in connection with cream-test and butterfat-test scales and moisturetest scales shall be 20 milligrams on the 18-gram weight and 10 milligrams on the 9-gram and 10-gram weights: Provided, however, That the manufacturers' tolerances or the tolerances to be allowed on new weights shall be one-half the values given.
The tolerances to be allowed in excess of deficiency on commercial troy weights shall be the values shown in the following table: Provided, however, That the manufacturers' tolerances or the tolerances to be allowed on new commercial troy weights shall be one-half of the values given.

Tolerance for Commercial Troy Weighta ;--------.,--------,---------,------------

1 _w_e_i_g_h_t----I--T-ol_e_r_a_n_c_e_ _ _w_e_ig_h__ t _ _ _ _ __T_o_l_e_r_a_n_c_e_

1

1

Ounce troy
1
12____________________________

Graina 4.0

P~nnyweighta
10 ........................ .

Grain 0.7

10--------------------------8... --------- ---------- .......

43..00

5.. ------------------------

.5

4 __________________________ _

.4

5---------- .................... 4.----------------------------

;:~

3-----------------------------.

2.0

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1

.3 .25

l_ ________________________ __

.15

2.----------------------------
1.---------------------------- j

12..00

.1

All Rules and Regulations in conflict with this Regulation are hereby revoked.
The foregoing Rule and Regulation is hereby adopted and promulgated under authority vested and duly imposed upon the Commissioner of Agriculture in the Act, Standards for Weights and Measures, established and approved March 27, 1941.
This March 4, 1944 TOM LINDER,
Commissioner of Agriculture.

40