Circular (Georgia. State Board of Entomology) [Feb. 1922]

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Georgia

State Board of Entomology

By W. F. Turner, Asst. Entomologist

CIRCULAR 36

FEBRUARY, 1922

:{. Spray Schedule for Georgia Peach Season 1922

FIRST APPLICATION

Immediately after the petals (pink part of flower) have fallen.

One pound powdered arsenate of lead, plus lime water from three pounds of stone lime, to each 50 gallons of water.

SECOND APPLICATION

When calyces, or "shucks, " are shedding, or when small peaches are exposed.

One pound powdered arsenate of lead, plus lime water from three pounds of stone lime, to each 50 gallons of water.

THIRD APPLICATION
Two weeks after the second application, or about four weeks after the petals have been shed. One pound powdered arsenate of lead to each 50 gallons of 8-8-50 self-boiled limesulphur.

Georgia State Board of Entomology, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, and U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry, Co-operating.
These reco=endatlons are based on conditions existing in the Fort Valley district. In the case of orchards on lighter soils, where the foliage is less dense, it will be better to use three quarters (*) of a pound of arsenate of lead Instead of one (1) pound, In every case. The reason for tllis Is that trees en light solis might be Injured by the one pound doses.

FOURTH APPLICATION

Four week before each variety is due to ripen. One pound powdered arsenate of lead to each 50 gallons of. 8-8-50 self-boiled limesulphur.

EARLY VARIETIES:

These should be sprayed three times. Use the materials recommended for the 1st, 2nd, and 4th applications above, applying them at the same time as noted above.

DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARING SPRAY MATERIAL
The 8-8-50 self-boiled lime-sulphur called for in the spraying schedule is made as follows:
Place 8 pound of unslaked or stone lime in a 50 gallon barrel and pour over it enongh water, preferably warm, to start slaking. A the slaking starts, add pounds of sulphur. Add water from time to time to keep the mixture from becoming dry, but care should be exercised not to drown the lime, which would cause the slaking process to stop too soon. After the mixture has boiled some five minutes, cool off with water, strain into the spray tank and dilute to 50 gallons. The mixture should be cooled off before the red streaks occur in it to any extent, which is an indication of overheating. Avoid underheating, however. Better results will be obtained by crushing all lump of sulphur and mixing it with a little water before adding to the slaking lime.
The formula may be raised to 16-16-100 or 32-32-200. A large container should be used, however, in preparing selboiled lime-sulphur with these formulas. Stock solutions can, of course, be made up, observing the proportions given.
The powdered arsenate of lead, which is used in the proportion of 1 pound to 50 gallons of the spray solution, should first be made into a thin paste with water before adding to the spray tank.
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DUSTING SCHEDULE FOR GEORGIA PEACHES
Season-1922
FIRST APPLICATION
Immediately after the petals (pink part of flower) have fallen. Sulphur 800/0; arsenate of lead 5%; lime 15%.
SECOND APPLICATION
When calyces, or ,. shucks, " are shedding, or when small peaches are exposed. Sulphur 80% ; arsenate of lead 5%; lime 15%.
THIRD APPLICATION
Two weeks after the second application, or about four weeks after the petals have been shed. Sulphur 80%; arsenate of lead 59"'0; lime 15%.
FOURTH APPLICATION
Four weeks before each variety is due to ripen. Sulphur 80% ; arsenate of lead 5%; lime 15%.
EARLY VARIETIES: Use the same dust formula as above at the time indicated for the first, second, and fourth du tings on early varieties.
SUCCESS WITH SPRAYING OR DUSTING DEPENDS ON THOROUGHNESS
In order to attain successful pest control with either spray or dust, the applications must be applied at the right time with thoroughness. The failure of many peach growers to secure the proper pest control very often is directly due to
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careless spraying by inexperienced or unsupervised laborers, whose object is to get over the greatest number of trees in a given time, with no attention to how well the job is done. When spraying, each tree should be completed by the sprayman before going to the next. It is best to start on the side of the tree opposite the spray outfit and work around it until the entire tree is covered. An effort should be made to cover all sides of each peach. This system takes the spray outfit down every other middle. Very often a portion of the tree is completely missed by the spray when only one half of the trees are sprayed fJ;om one middle and finished when the outfit comes up the next middle.
It is practically impossible to obtain satisfactory results with dust by dusting every other tree row or every third tree row. It is quite essential when using dust to apply each application to one side of every tree, which would necessitate the duster going down each middle. It is best to make each dust application from a different side of the tree, but usually the prevailing wind makes this impossible. Avoid wasting the material. If the wind is blowing in the same direction that the duster is moving, open the discharge pipe before reaching the tree and close it before the tree is passed. If the wind is blowing in the opposite direction from the way the duster is moving, then a better job of dusting can be accomplished by waiting until the outfit is opposite the tree before opening the discharge pipe. Always move the discharge pipe in one direction, either horizontally or vertically, until the tree is enveloped in the dust.
Curculio and brown rot must be controlled at very definite times, and spraying or dusting at other times will not bring the desired results. Growers should make an effort to apply each application to the entire acreage within a few days. If the water supply is far distant from the orchard, or if there are not sufficient spray outfits to handle the acreage within a few days, much time can be saved by hauling the water and spray materials to the spray outfits in the orchard. If this is done, the spray tanks can be refilled at any place in the orchard when the spray gives 'out. Where the spraying is left almost entirely to negro laborers, as is the case in most sections of the Georgia peach belt, the proper supervision should be on hand at all times to see that the operation is thoroughly performed. The importance of making the spray or dust applications this season at just the exact time, with special attention to thoroughness, cannot be too strongly emphasized.
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