Georgia, the empire state of the South : what she is and will be .

GEORGIA
THE EMPIRE STATE OF THE SOUTH: WHAT SHE IS AND WILL BE
G E O H G TA COA 'r-OF - A fi MS
GEORGIA LAND IS THE SAFEST AND SUREST INVESTMENT A MAN CAN MAKE. IT WILL GROW IN VALUE EVERY T!Mf_ THE SUN Sf_TS, UNTIL IT BECOMES THE MOST VALUABLE OF ALL AMERICAN LANDS
P UBLISHED BY THE
GEORGIA STATE.. DE..PARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE JAMES D. PRICE, Commissioner APRIL, 1915

GEORGIA-THE SECOND COTTON STATE.
GEORGIA COTTON SCENES.
1, Stalk in full fruitage, taller than a man; 2, 3,000 lbs. seed cotton on the way to the gin; 3, Bale and a half to the acre, Bleckley County; 4, Ginning a;nd baling for shipment.

WHAT MAKES THE MARE GO.

THE REASON WHY

To lell ike world of Georgia's resources, industries and pos-

sibilities: to show the prospective settler, investor and developer

what of promise Georgia has for him, by telling him what others

have done here; to point a road to peace, prosperity and content-

ment where others have attained it; to give new and timely in-

formation of her riches, developed and undeveloped; to answer

the many hundreds of inquiries which reach this office from day

to day from every State and many countries, this little book is

published by the State Department of Agriculture. If in any

way it helps Georgia to grow in greatness and wealth and power,

its mission will have been well accomplished.



]. D. PRICE,

Commissioner of Agriculture of Georgia.

MORE THAN TWO BALES OF COTTON TO THE ACRE.

4

THE GEORGIA OF TODAY

EORGIA-what she is and is going to be--is the

subject of this story.

It will not deal with history, but with living

facts. It will tel~ you what has been done within

recent years, as evidence of what will be done

in years to come.

But when it comes to the landing of Ogle-

thorpe, the struggles of the Salzburgers, the

burning of the Yazoo Fraud Act, or Geor'gia's

part in the Civil War, sufficient information of these may be had

from any good history.

This little book proposes to talk to the man who wants to know

\vhat Georgia is today, and what he can reasonably expect from it

if he casts his lot here and capitalizes his energy in Georgia agricul-

ture, business or any industry whatsoever.

It proposes to tell him what

he can get out of the ground;

what he can do by converting

raw materials here into the fin-

ished product; what he can

reasonably hope to get here from

the investment o~ his intel-

ligence, his labor, his money-

any one or all three.

STATE CAPITOL, ATLANTA, GA,
5

If one man has made $500 a year from an acre of Georgia soil, or if he has made a competence by converting raw materials into finished products, it is reasonable to presume that, given the same opportunities, the .same intelligent direction and the same energetic effort, another can do the same thing. Some Georgians are doing these things today; the field of opportunity is open to others. In fact, successful agricultural industry and business development has scarcely been scratched upon the surface, and yet Georgia is already comparatively rich in all these lines.
GOVERNOR SLATON KNOWS.
Of Georgia's future and its splendid possibilities, Governor John M. Slaton, who knows the State thoroughly, says this:
''Georgia is one of the oldest States. Modern Georgia, industrially, is one of the newest. None has a finer past, none a better future. During the next fifty years, Georgia will enjoy a progress that will be more phenomenal even than the remarkable development of the past twenty-five. Land which could have been purchased a quarter of a century ago for from five to ten dollars an acre, now sells for from fifty to one hundred dollars and more an acre. And undeveloped land now bringing at from ten to twenty-five dollars an acre, twenty-five years hence will be quoted in three figures.
"But Georgia's future development will be as varied as it will be immense. No other State has such a variety of resources and natural conditions. Seacoast and plain, mountains and forests, minerals and .soils, streams and roads, commerce and agriculture and manu. factures-all are here in amplitude, proffering a fu.ture that will appeal to any enterprising man or woman, regardless of the line of honorable endeavor they prefer to pursue.
SAFE IN THE CHARACTER OF CITIZENRY. .
"Natural resources and growing marts of healthy trade, great and necessary in themselves, are not, however, the prime essentials entering into lasting development. The character of the citizenry is the most potential factor.
"Georgia's past provides beacon lights of warning as to the future which. Georgia has. not ignored and will not ignore; and adherence to the ideals of government and religion established by our fa~h ers who helped to found the nation, I believe to be one of the chief characteristics of our people.
"Neither capital nor labor suffers from proscription nor is weighted down with unjust taxes. Our government is one of the most econo-
6

Above-A field of Gear g!a "Rattle.
snakes.'' MiddleIllustrating lusciousness.
Five carloads of Georgia Watermelons and Canteloupes ready
for shipment.
Fame has also come to Georgia through her luscious watermelons and canteloupes, producing ordinarily a carload to the acre.
7

mical, and it is our rightful boast that largely the taxes raised by the
State by levies on the citizen and his property, are spent upon our
schools.
' TAX BURDEN EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED.
''Incidentally, during the past year, property values on the tax digests have increased approximately one hundred millions of dollars. A new law which tends to evenly distribute the burden of taxes has lowered the tax rate without decreasing the revenues.
"No State can point to courts with a longer or brighter record for purity, and in none is justice obtained by process of law at so low a cost.
"In none does the church wield a greater influence within its sphere, and in no other has r ecent educational progress been greater.
''Our cities and thriving towns harbor a commerce whose growth has been more than remarkable. The proximity of raw material and facilities of transportation r ender ours the best field to be found in the country for a score or more lines of manufactures.
WIDE VARIETY IN AGRICULTURE.
"No State in the Union has a more varied agriculture and none offers so much to the industrious tiller of the soil. We have practically all climates and grades of soil needed for the varied lines of agriculture, and we produce profitably virtually everything indigenous t,othe temperate and semi-tropical zones. In the production of cotton Georgia ranks second and, for its area, first, and earns from this crop alone an average of two hundred millions of dollars annually. Yet cotton, though the leading, is but one of many products in which Georgia farms excel.
''Our wide area gives us, despite our large population, much undeveloped wealth. Only a small part of our available lands are cul-. tivated. Our vast mineral wealth has barely been touched.
''The development of our natural resources and the consequent lines of industry offer to the enterprising such opportunities as are hardly equalled and not excelled in any other part of the country.
"JDHN M. SLATON, "Governor of Georgia."
FROM GOVERNOR-ELECT N. E. HARRIS.
Georgia's next Governor, Judge Nat E. Harris, of Macon, who goes into office June 26, 1915, says of the State as he has seen it:
8

AN AIR OF PROSPERITY ABOUT GEORGIA RURAL HOMES.
Types of Georgia country homes,' in the Middle Southern Section and in the Piney Woods of South Georgia.
''In the r ecent campaign or Governor it was my privilege to visit almost every county o the State. I had known or fifty years that Georgia was a great State, but I never understood, or even
9

remotely appreciated the wide ext ent of her r esources, the splendid

character of her development, or the wonderful progress which her

inhabitants have made on the road to wealth and intelligence.

"From Rabun to Glynn and from the Savannah to the Chattahoo-

chee I saw a prosperous people living in homes well k ept and at-

tractive-their fields well tilled, their herds fat and thriving, and all

the surroundings indicating plenty in the barn and storehouse, with

happiness and contentment in the h earts -of the dwellers.

''The great tertiary plains extending from Macon southward to

the sea which were once known as the pine barrens of the State and

concerning which it had been often said that the ground would not

sprout black-eyed peas, had cast off the r eproach and were filled with

a splendid people whose lands had become the most f ertile in the

State, yielding even a better increase than the river bottoms of the

west.

"In the middle and northern portions I saw the farms well laid

out and well attended, the houses looking n eat with n ew coats of paint,

shining amid the green foliage of the surroundings, and all making

a picture of thrift and progress that could not be mistake:rL There

was the prophecy of continued advance and development on every

hand.

THERE IS MUCH MONEY IN GEORGIA.

"There is a great deal of m oney in Georgia-more than" at any

other time in her history, perhaps, and with business revival it

gets speedily into circulation, enabling the people to go forward even

more rapidly than they were doing in tlie .years past.

''Many of our most intelligent thinkers believe that the European

War may prove a blessing in disguise. It will r esult in teaching our

people to depend on themselves and set to work our own r ecuperative

powers in the midst of general financial disappointment and distress.

''We can make cotton better than any people on earth. 'rhis can be

demonstrated beyond the shadow of a doubt. But our lands are also

fitted for grains and food-stuffs as well as they are for cotton. If

the two systems could be developed together by the farm ers of our

State, and if our manufacturing could increase in the proper ratio

to keep step with the progress of the farming interests, our commer-

cial prosperity would soon attain to the highest possible point. of de-

velopment, and the commercial dominion of this great nation would

find its throne in our southern cities.

"I believe that this result is approaching and that the next five

years will find the State advancing more rapidly and reaching a

higher degree of development m every department than ever before

in her history."

"N. E. HARRIS,

''Macon, Ga.''

10

Georgia Fruits are Profitable.
FIGS
APPLE TREE
Georgia Fruits-There is no more delicious fruit than the Georgia fig. In the smaller illustration is shown a 99.46 per cent. perfect apple tree, Habersham County.
Grapes are extensively grown in Middle and South Georgia. 11

GEORGIA;S TOP RANK
OURTH in rank among the agricultural States, as shown in census figures of 1910, Georgia occupies first place in the production of peaches and sweet potatoes; she ranks second among all the States iri cotton, sugar cane and peanuts; she holds third place in the yield of watermelons and canteloupes, for which markets are never lacking; she is ninth
in corn production and tenth in raising swinefigures which today are undergoing rapid revision in the direction of still further attainment.
Illinois, Iowa and . Te;x:as, only, lead her in total value of annual farm products; her 291,027 farms produce every year more than a quarter of a billion dollars in staple products. Her 1914 cotton crop alone, including seed, is worth $147,000,000; one year of Georgia corn, richer in protein content than the famed western grain, will sell for $52,000,000; she makes $8,000,000 worth of wheat, oats and rye and $2,000,000 worth of hay; her peaches, pears and apples, une;x:celled by those of any State, bring $5,000,000 more; sweet potatoes bring another $5,000,000, and white potatoes, the entire output consumed at home, means $1,000,000 more; meats b;ing $6,000,000, poultry and eggs, $7,000,000, and milk, butter and cream, $10,000,000; cane and sorghum crops yield close to $2,000,000, while peanuts, chufas, tobacco, sheep, pecans, watermelons, canteloupes, vegetables and a few miuor crops bring in another $5,000,000 every year.
AGRICULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES.
In 1914 Georgia produced more than 9,000,000 bushels of oats without hal trying, aud then bought more thau 4,000,000 bushels from outside States. And yet oats may be made aud harvested in time to put another profitable crop upon the same piece of land; the same year. What an opportunity here for the energetic and resourceful planter!
The same story may be told of corn and wheat and hay; there is mouey awaiting every man with the ability and energy to make Georgia ground do what it can do. There is a market for every
12

Georgia product; her fruit, vegetables and melons have attained national and .even international fame.
TWO AND THREE CROPS A YEAR.
With an equable climate, with temperatures which make agriculture possible almost the year round, with a rainfall favoring abundant production, ranging from 45 to 60 inches a year, the record of production is far ahead of that of the colder northern and western States. In many parts of Georgia two crops a year are easily made; while on some of the better South Georgia lands, three crops annually ar e not uncommon.
In addition to this brief preliminary mention of agricultural possibi1ities, Georgia now has more than 5,000 manufacturing establishments, turning out hundreds of different kinds of products with an annual value of nearly $250,000,000. She has millions in mineral resources, developed and undeveloped. There are coal and iron in her mountains to serve generations; and, in fact, it has been truly said that if a wall were built around Georgia, and the State closed to outside communication, she would still be self-supporting, with almost ten times her present population.
POPULATION WELL DISTRIBUTED.
The largest State east of the Mississippi River, Georgia has 59,475 square miles, and less than one-third of her 34,000,000 acres of tillable land are now under actual cultivation. It is 320 miles from her northern to her southern line, and 254 miles across the State from west to east.
Georgia's population at the close of 1914, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau, was 2,776,513, an increase of 167,392 over the census figures of 1910, and a growth of 560,182 since the census of 1900. Georgia's rural population, including that living in cities and towns of less than 8,000 inhabitants, is 2,338,283; while living in cities of more than 8,000 are 438,230. Georgia's white population is increasing more rapidly than that of the negroes, the proportion being about 22 per cent for whites to 14 per cent for colored.
.G-eorgia has 152 counties, each constituting a separate and distinct political unit. Four of these were created in 1914. County populations vary from 8,000 to nearly 250,000 for Fulton, in which is located Atlanta, the capital city of the State.
13

CLIMATE AND RAINFALL.
Georgia's altitude above sea level ranges from zero at the coast to 4,000 feet or more on the highest mountains of the Blue Ridge. The average annual temperature for the southern section of the State is 67 degrees Fahrenheit, and for the northern section 60 degrees. The lowest mean annual temperature is 57 degrees at Clayton, in Rabun County, the extreme northeastern mountain section, while the highest is at Waycross, 67 degrees. The lowest normal monthly temperature recorded in the State is 40 degrees, in extreme winter.
Such a thing as zero weather is almost unknown, even in the higher altitudes, and extreme or excessive heat and cold, such as occur in the north- and west, are unknown. The average annual rainfall varies from 45 inches in one or two central and southern sections, to 60 inches in the extreme northeast, the -average for the State being approximately 50 inches. Climate and rainfall are most conducive to agriculture and general health, moreso, the United States Weather Bureau points out, than, perhaps, in any other State of the South. There are seven recognized climate belts in which grow well everything from the h_ardiest plants to subtropical fruits.
GOOD AGRICULTURAL ALTITUDES.
Georgia is not a State of swamps. and lowlands. Only 540 of her 59,475 square miles of territory are under water, and provision is being rapidly made for the drainage of this small area. More than half the State is in the coastal plain region with an altitude averaging 500 feet. Altitudes in the Piedmont Plateau, extending across the central section toward the northeast and into the Carolinas, vary from 350 to 1,200 feet above sea level, while in the northern section altitudes ra~ge from 750 to more than 4,000 feet.
In a direct line Georgia has 100 miles of coast on the Atlantic . Ocean, while following the shore line the distance is approximately 170 miles, exclusive of islands; and upon this coast are located the three first-class harbors of Savannah, Brunswick and St. Mary's, with an .annual shipping that runs into many millions.
Georgia laws are made for the secttrity of the individttal and the protection of his right to the enjoyment of life, lib erty and property. Georgia voters name their own jttdges, and the laws are evetywhere well enforced.
14

Crimson Clover, Gwinnett County.

Soy Beans, used as a protection
against Cotton Wilt, make fine hay.

Alfalfa, on State
College Agriculture
Farm, Athens.

Georgia's hay crops are numerous, and show abundant and . prolific growth. Th~ State College of Agriculture has made over 6, tons of aifalfa to the acre.
15

SECOND COTTON STATE

OTTON has always been Georgia's foremost

money crop. It will, no doubt, continue to be

so for many years to come ; and yet there is

now a -tendency, strengthened by the crisis due

to the European War, to get away from the

one crop idea and put food crops to the fore-

front.

Since cotton first began to be planted in

Georgia in 1734, less than two years after the

settlement of the colony, Georgia has been second only to the ex-

tensive State of Texas in cotton production. Invention of the cotton

gin in 1793 by Eli Whitney, gave the industry great impetus. Since

then the Georgia cotton crop has gradually grown nntil today lint

and seed bring the State from $125,000,000 to $200,000,000 annually.

Cotton is planted from March 15 to May 1, and does best in a

soil of sandy loam, although it is cultivated in nearly every county

in the State, the yield being forced through the use of fertilizers.

Picking begins in August and extends almost to Christmas, with Oc-

tober and November as the heaviest months.

In 1913 there

w e r e 5,318,000

acres, or nearly

one-half of Geor-

gia's cultivated

Georgia's production of up-

lands, planted to

cotton. An ex-

land cotton, in 50(}-pound

tensive reduction

of acreage is in

bales, for the last five yea.rs

prospect for 1915,

due to the more

has been as follows :

extensive plant-

ing of food crops. Year.

Bales.

'l'he foregoing

is exclusive of lint from cotton
the State produ50,000 to 110,000

1910 1911 1912 1913 1914

1812178 2768627 ...... - ....... 1,776,546 .......... . ... 2,316,601
(Est.) .... . ... 2,713,470

linters (the fine seed) of wfhich ces annually rom bales.

The price var-

ies according to

total production.

In 1910 cotton

sold at an average of 14.69 cents per pound; in 1911 the average was

9.69 cents; 1912, 12.05 cents; 1913, 13.07 cents, while the crop of 1914,

due to European War conditions, brought 7 to 10 cents. There are

approximately 5,000 cotton gins in the State.

16

Section of Annual Georgia Corn Show by Corn Club Boys In the State Capitol.

Georgia Corn-100 bushels to the acre.

Georgia corn growing and the corn yield have beei) greatly stimulated by the Boys' Corn Clubs. Bernard Gaston (left), Butts County, produced 141.6 bushels on an acre. -8. G. Addington (right), Fannin County, made 130 bushels on his acre.
17

GROWTH OF SEED INDUSTRY.
A quarter of a century ago cotton seed were thrown away or used as fertiliz~r; today the cotton seed industry is one of the largest in the South. Georgia alone has 170 cotton seed oil mills, with an an.nual production of nearly $20;000,000. In 1912 Georgia oil mills crushed 630,836 tons of cotton sl;)ed; . and the cost or the seed was
$18,900,000. The oil is used .in a; ;v.a$t variety of products including
for l..a'R\1r.,d compounds an-d-a substitute_ .- oli.ve o-il. _- T- h. e m- eal and hulls a. re
used~as a food for cattle and stock, and as a fertilizer>
SEA ISLAND OR LONG STAPLE.
is Sea Island Cottori, the rich, long staple variety, is grown in a tota1
of only 34 counties in the world. ln only sixteen of these it. a G.onimercial success, and one-half of this area is in Georgia-the cOast counties. It is used in niaking firie laces; thin fabrics and imitation silks, and brings around 25 cents a pound. In 1910 it sold at 27.36 cents a pound, and in 1913 it brought 19.61 cents. In 1912 Georgia made 43,736 bales of Sea Island Cotton against a total crop of 73,777 bales; and in 1911, the record year, Georgia made 72,904 bales against a total crop of 119,293 bales.
INCREASING THE YIELD.
But a few years ago half a bale of cotton to the acre was considered a pretty good yield; today the farmer who does not produce a bale to the acre, is doing commonplace or poor farming. In many sections two bales to the acre are easily made, while the yield has in instances been pushed to three bales and more.
Georgia is the fourth State in the manufacture of cotton. She has grown from 68 cotton mills with 817,345 spindles in 1900, to 165 mills with 2,160.571 spindles in 1914, and an annual consumption o632,332 bales. In cotton manufacture Massachusetts, North and South Carolina only, are ahead of her.
CORN AND CORN CLUBS.
Corn production in Georgia has increased from 46,536,619 bushels on 3,906,703 acres in 1909, to approximately 65,000,000 bushel~ in 1914 on about 4,100,000 acres. And still production falls short of home consumption requirements. It is to be noted that the yield of corn has increased in greater proportion than the acreage, and much of
18

lN GEORGiA COTTON .FI:ElLDS.
1, Green cotton, 10 feet high; 2, Middle Georgia cotton, open, two bales to the acre: 3, "Mammy and pickaninny" out picking; 4, This Laurens County field made three bales to the acre.
19

the credit for this result must be given .to the Boys~ Corn Club move-

ment, fostered by United States and State agencies. I:n a single

year as many as 85 of these boys, under eighteen years of age, have

grown 100 bushels or more to the acre, with a top record of 217

bushels.

The boys' corn clubs are under the direction and supervision of

J. Phil <:;Jampbell, a representative of the United. States Department

of Agriculture, who is stationed a.t the State Collegeof Agriculture,

Athens. Mr. Campbell and his assistants have been remarkably suc-

cessful in this work with the result that in the last seven or eight years, some $25,000,000 to $30,000,000 of value has be~n 'added to .'the

Georgia corn crop, attributable almost directly to the stimulus which

their work has given it. For the last four years there has been held

annually in the State capitol, under the auspices of the Atlanta Cham-

ber of Commerce, the Georgia Corn Show, in which the boys exhibit

their product with a record of their yield, and there is the keenest

competition for the valuable prizes that are offer ed.

On account of much planting on poor corn land, the average yield

for the State appears small ; but the best farmer s now make r egularly

from 40 to 80 bushels to the acre.

.

OATS, WHEAT, RYE, RICE.

Among grains, oat production comes next in importance to corn;

and, again, there is still room for large increase before home con-

sumption is taken care of. Georgia made 6,199,243 bushels of oat&
on 411,664 acres in 1909, while in 1914 the crop had grow;n to more

than 9,000,000 bushels on 450,000 ac.res. Again there.; fs' shown an increased yield per acre due to improved farming met~o<,ls - ~~ich.are

. fostered by so many active agencies.



... .. . : : .

Thousands of acres of winter wheat and other grains '~~re : pl!mted

in the fall of 1914, pursuant to the plan of getting awaY 'from the one crop idea of cotton, so that Georgia's 1915 production ~ wheat,

oats and rye w~ll be far in excess of any previous record. In 1909

Georgia grew 752,858 bushels of wheat on 93,065 acres; with 140,000

acres the 1914 crop was 1,694,000 bushels, more than double the yield

on a third increase in the acreage. Georgia makes a high grade

wheat, equal to that grown in the west.

Rye is one of the minor Georgia grain crops, though a marvellously

increased yield has been shown in the last few years. Georgia made

121,000 bushels of rye in 1914 as against 59,937 bushels fn 1909. :



THE SIXTH RICE STATE. Georgia is the sixth State in rice production. The State's annual production of rice is around 100,000 bushels, but much larger .crops
20

Field of oats and vetch, Bibb County.

Wheat field, Carroll County, Ga.

Harvesting rye (8) and hauling rye (4) to barn by gaso. lene power, Gwinnett Co.

Advanced methods are playing a big part in making Georgia one of the country's greatest grain-growing States.
have been made. For many years rice growing was confined to the belt of counties along the seacoast, but in recent years rice has been grown successfully in the northern and hilly sections of the State. In Jackson County, northeast Georgia, there have been grown as much as fifty bushels to the acre on the hillsides, while in the creek bottoms 70 bushels per acre have been made. Several other North Georgia counties are now growing rice profitably. A high grade of the cereal is produced. There is opportunity for extensive increase in rice production in Georgia before home consumption is supplied.
21

GEORGIA'S PEANUT CROP.
Grown as a hog and cattle food, as well as a food .for man in the natural state, in peanut butter, oils and extracts and an ingredient of candies, Georgia peanuts represent an annual yield of $2,500,000 on approximately 175,000 acres. Census figures of 1909 show a yield of 2,569,787 bushels on 160,317 acres ; the production has trebled 'within twenty years.
GOOD PROFIT IN HAY.
Although Georgia made last year 338,0oo''d;ons of hay, she still had to impori . :rp.ore than 100,000 tons to ,meet home r equirements. And yet hay can be and is made in Georgia at a profit considerably greater than that from cotton. With comparativ~ly little difference in the acreage which has remained around 250,000, Georgia made 338,000 tons of hay in 1914, as against 261,333 tons in 1909. The average value .of the product .was little under $12 per ton, on the farm.
The principal hay crops cultivated in Georgia are clover, cultivated grasses, cow-peas, alfalfa, velvet beans, soy beans a:q.d the like, and the yield on well-regulated farms varies all the way f;rom two tons to six and a half tons per acre. Cow-peas are extensively planted both for their valuable stock food content and for the purpose of replenishing nitrogen in the soil.
Successful cultivation of alfalfa in recent years promises abundant increase in the State's total forage yield. The State College of Agriculture, at Athens, has already demonstrated the possibility of making, with five cuttings, more than six and onechalf tons annually on a stiff clay soil, where the seed are inoculated with nitrogen bacteria. Instances of six cuttings with a ton p er acre per cutting, are not infrequent in the southern section of the State, with a value yield of around $100 per acre.
OPPORTUNITIES IN TOBACCO.
Georgia offers great opportunities to the expert tobacco grower. The largest shade tobacco plantation in the world is located ~t Am~ sterdam, Decatur County, the section in which is grown the only Sumatra tobacco made in the United States.
Only about 2,000 acres are in tobacco cultivation in Georgia, while there are at least 100,000 acres available for successful tobacco growth. And yet Georgia made in 1914 approximately 1,900,000 pounds as compared with 1,485,994 pounds on about the same acreage in 1909.
22

Georgia sign posts of prosperity.
Georgia's Hay Crop is growing in greatness and yield per acre. Examples of 4 to 6 tons per acre are frequent. The pea vine and crab grass in the lower picture made 5 tons in three cuttings.
Cured, the leaf brings anywhere from 25 to 35 cents a pound, and the State yield per acre m 1913 was 1,000 pounds, as compared with 830 pounds in 1912.
23

In 1913 the U. S. Department of Agriculture called attention to the fact that the tobacco yield in Georgia had increased, while in other tobacco-growing sections it had fallen off. The value of the 1913 crop was $558,000 as compared with $449,000 in 1912. The net return ranges on the average from $125 to $150 per acre.
GEORGIA CANE SYRUP.
Ranking second only to Louisiana in sugar cane production, Georgia makes about $2,500,000 of sugar cane products annually. The 'cane is grown principally in the southern and central portions of the State, being planted in March and harvested at the first frost. With a cost of $50 to $75 an acre for cultivation, the profits are large, the gross yield running up to $300 to $400 an acre.
Genuine Georgia cane syrup has an international reputation. For purity and wholesomeness as a food, it is unrivalled. It is made chiefly from the red cane which is run through stone presses to extract the juice, and this is boiled night and day during the season which may run anywhere from a week to a month or more, depending on the size of the crop. On 37,046 acres, according to the 1909 census report, Georgia made 317,460 tons of sugar and 5,553,520 gallons of syrup, not including sorghum, which is also grown extensively and from which 740,450 gallons of syrup were made the same year.
MONEY IN TRUCK GROWING.
Millions of dollars come into the State every year through the garden truck industry. Millions more can be made from it right here at home as well as by shipments to other States. Not.withstanding the possibilities in truck growing in Georgia, in which many Georgians have made money and some have grown wealthy, Georgians themselves are now spending approximately $11,000,000 a year away from home for this class of food.
Despite the fact that the State raises some 780,000 bushels of Irish potatoes annually which bring around a dollar a bushel, nearly two million bushels a year are purchased away from home. An acre of Georgia ground will produce anywhere from 100 to 200 bushels.
Georgia produces more sweet potatoes than any other State in the Union. The annual crop has run as high as seven and one-half million bushels, with a yield of anywhere from 100 to 250 bushels an acre and a ready market for the product at 75 cents to a dollar a bushel. The profit may be readily figured.
24

a'eorgia Sugar Cane (above), yielding sometimes as much as $400 gross per acre. Eighty acres in Potatoes (lower); 200 bushels to the acre.
MORE HOME-GROWN ONIONS WANTED.
Georgia is waiting for somebody to raise about 400,000 bushels more of onions than are now grown m the State, and the producer
25

can easily average a dollar a bushel or them. It is not unusual to make 200 bushels and more to the acre.
Early corn or green corn is an article o steady diet in Georgia through the summer. It will bring $100 a year and more an acre and will leave the ground available or turnips in the all which will pay the producer as much more.
FORTUNES IN TOMATOES.
As high as $500 an acre has been made rom Georgia-grown tomatoes, and careful growers in many sections of the State are regularly collecting from $200 to $300 an acre for their product. Canning tomatoes is inexpensive and this industry has proven remarkably successful in many sections of Georgia.
Cucumbers will make the Georgia grower rom $100 to $250 gross per acre, and yet Georgia is buying something like $40,000 worth o this product every year.
Beans will yield 100 crates per acre, selling at something like $2.00 a crate. An acre of cabbage will produce from $200 to $250 and yet the quantity shipped into Georgia a~nually is something enormous..
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL COMERS.
Spinach, kale, beets, carrots, cauliflower, squash, lettuce, egg plant, collards and some 20 other varieties o garden vegetables are in good demand over the State the season round, and the only place where they will not grow in Georgia is where the seed are not put into the ground.
The opportunities are here and they are open to the world. The trouble has been that too many Georgia fariiJ-ers spend from eight to nine months in the year preparing ground, planting, cultivating and gathering cotton for which they get $25 to $50 per acre, whereas the same time, energy and investment in garden truck, -vvould return them from four to eight times the profit.
ASPARAGUS INDUSTRY.
Asparagus growing in many parts of Georgia, particularly around Marshallville, just south of Macon, is rapidly becoming an important industry. It was begun there by J_J. A. Rumph, 20 years ago, and now there are some 20 growers there cultivating over 1,000 acres annually. Marshallville now ships annually 15,000 cases of one dozen cans each, and this will soon grow to 25,000 cases, or 50 carloads. The product easily competes with the California and Charleston asparagus, and the industry, now a profitable one, promises even to rival the peach in the volume of business done.
26

THE FAMOUS GEORGIA PEACH
EACHES, an internationally famous fruit, as grown in Georgia, bring into the State annually from $3,500,000 to $4,000,000. This is conservative; the returns have been even larger. Peach culture has succeeded in practically every
section of the State. The greatest volume of the crop is grown in the middle southwestern counties along the line of the Central of Georgia Railway from Macon to Americus, and Macon to Columbus. There is extensive culture on the Central between Macon and Athens, and next in importance is the territory adjacent to the Southern Railway between Atlanta and the South Carolina line. Other good peach sections are on the Southern Railway from Williamson to Fort Valley; on the Georgia Railroad between Atlanta and Augusta; on the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis, between Atlanta and Dalton, and on the Central between Rome and Chattanooga, Tenn. Fifty years ago there were only a few small orchards near Augusta. Improved methods of culture, improved transportation facilities, and successful packing methods, have revolutionized the industry. The first refrigerated car of peaches went to New York in 1887, twenty-eight years ago. In 1898, a good peach year, total shipments from Georgia to all points 'Yere approximately 3,000 refrigerated cars.
SOME RECORD PEACH CROPS.
The Georgia peach, with good weather conditions, yields splendid results. In 1912, a record year, 7,157 refrigerated cars were shipped from the State to 100 or more different distributing points. The 1913 crop suffered from weather conditions and was only 1,219 cars, but prices were correspondingly higher and the returns were good. In 1914 the total shipments were 4,020 cars, with an average price nearly double that of 1912. Georgia peach growers figure if they can make one good crop in three years, the industry proves profitable. They have done this.
It is estimated that there are approximately 12,000,000 peach trees in Georgia. The principal varieties shipped to outside markets are the Carman, Hiley Bell, Georgia Bell, Early Rose, Uneeda, Greensboro,
27

Johnson and the Elberta. The Georgia Elberta is the most famous peach in the world. There are individual orchards in Georgia with as many as 250,000 trees in bearing.

THE GEORGIA FRUIT EXCHANGE.

The Georgia Fruit Exchange, with headquarters in Atlanta, is

an organization of the growers of the State, whose purpose is to get

the best results in marketing the crop. The exchange places the fruit

in the best available markets as it is ready, and in this way has saved

thousands of dollars to the growers besides having collected hundreds

of claims from the railroads for loss or damage which individuals had

always found great difficulty in handling. The exchange has recently

made plans for handling watermelons, canteloupes and other fruits,

Ji" well as peaches.

The peach, apple and other fruit industries have attracted thous-

ands of dollars of capital

to Georgia from the

North and East. Mas-

sachusetts peach growers

own large and success-

ful orchards around Mar-

shallville and Fort

Valley; N e w Y o r k

peach and apple grow-

ers have settled in

Habersham and

other North Georgia

counties. Th'J

yield in profits has

been abundant

and satisfactory

where orchards

were handled on a

business basis.

Apples are suc-

cessfully grown t i r e northern

A Vigorous Georgia Apple Tree.

almost over thP enhalf of the State;

but ~he northeastern mountain counties are best .adapted to their culture.

Apples do better on elevations or hillsides, and abundant rainfall is

necessary. There is no section in the world that has yet been found

better adapted to apple culture than the northeastern mountain coun-

ties of Georgia.

APPLES A COMING MONEY CROP.
Georgia apples have taken prizes at fairs and fruit exhibitions throughout the United States, in competition with those from Oregon, Washington, New York, Missouri, and other famed apple sections. At the NaHonal Apple Growers' Show at Spokane, Wash., several years ago, in competition with 1,500 entries, Georgia apples took second prize for the best exhibit from the Southern States and second prize for the best new variety open to the world. Georgia apples won four first and two second premiums at the annual fruit exhibit of
28

1-Hale's famous Peach Orchard, Fort Valley, Ga.
Another Houston County Peach Orchard, in full foliage.
Georgia Pear Orchard in full bloom, Dougherty County.
Spraying to make perfect fruit.
Georgia's fruit orchards are internationally famous. Tnrough spraying and careful cultivation, perfect fruits are grown for the most exacting marketll,
29

the New York State College of Agriculture in 1913, where 130 varieties of apples were entered.
There are now approximately 2,000,000 apple tre'es in the State with an annual production of about 3,800,000 bushels. 'l'he varieties which have been found to produce the best results in successful c6mmercial orchards are the Red <Tune, Yellow Transparent, Early Ripe, Red Astrachan, Duchess of Oldenburg, Rome Beauty, Winesap, Grimes' Golden, Kinnard, Wealthy, and Black Twig. -
OTHER PROFITABLE FRUITS.
While peaches and apples are the principal tree fruit crops, pears, plums, prunes, cherries, and quinces are successfully grown on smaller scale. Soine of the 1909 yields were pears, 150,000 bushels; plums, 61,000 bushels; cherries, 5,000 bushels, and quinces, 2,000 bushels.
Strawberries are a growing money crop in Georgia. As much as $2,000 per acre has been received for highly cultivated berries. The expense of cultivation is, naturally, greater than for most other crops; yet with the right conditions the net yield is far in. ail.vance of mo!'lt other products. In 1910 there were approximately 1,000 acres devoted to strawberries and raspberries with a yield around 1,300,000 quarts.
WATERMELONS-CANTELOUPES.
Watermelons and canteloupes are grown successfully all over Georgia, although the best commercial results are attained in the southern and southwestern sections of the State where the largest and finest melons are grown for the northern and eastern markets.
Watermelons and eanteloupes yield, under careful cultivation and favorable weather conditions, a carload to the acre, with returns of $100 to $500 per acre, depending upon quality and market conditions. Georgia ships annually more than 10,000 carloads of watermelons, averaging 1,000 to the car, to northern and eastern markets. The most produced varieties are the Georgia Rattlesnake, Florida Favorite, or McGuire, Kolb Gem and Tom Watson. Georgia also ships annually several thousand cars of canteloupes to various parts of the country, and the favorites are the Rocky Ford and Pink Meat.
SUPPORTED BY PECAN GROVES.
Within the last ten years many Georgians have brought small pecan groves to that state of development and production, that they
30

GEORGIA PECANS ARE MONEY MAKERS. Above is a fine, fullgrown grove in Grady County; below. a grove of young tree~ in
Carroll County (northwestern section), with alfalfa .cultivated between the trees. Papershell pecans bring from 25c to $1 a pound, and more.
31

now derive splendid incomes rom them-incomes sufficient or amily

support and maintenance.

Fifteen.or.twenty years ago the pecan was notconsidered a money-

maker; today there is approximately $10,000,000 to$15,000,000lnvested

in hundreds of groves with an annual yield of 400,000 pounds of nuts

that sell all the way from 10 cents a pound for' seedlings, to $1.00 for

the larger paper shell varieties, and even morefor the highest grade

of seed nuts. The majority of the groves .have not yet come into

bearing.

.

Five to ten acres in pecans, properly cared for, will comfortably

support a large family. Many Georgia groves are now .netting more

than $100 per acre, and some of them several times that amount. J.

B. Wight, .of Cairo, has one tree, a Frotscher, in his yarQ. that brings

him $100 a year; this is an exception, but there are other trees doing

as well, and it can be repeated.

A PROVEN BUSINESS PROPOSITION;
''Young man, set a pecan grove and when you are old it will support you," is a slogan once received with misgiving and doubt, but now demonstrated in hundreds of cases. ' The only requirements are good, strong trees, the best land, which may be had at $25 to $30 .an acre, and proper care and attention, and the result is certain, for the pecan grower has the whole world for a market.
While the trees take five to ten years to come into bearing, there is the advantage of being able to plant the land in other crops while waiting.
The greatest degree of success with the pecan has been reached in the Flint River section of southwestern Georgia. While the bare land may be had at anywhere from $20 to $30 an acre, young grpves bring anywhere from $100 to $500 an acre, and the best bearing groves have been sold as high as $1,000 to $1,500 an acre. Many commercial companies, which sell small groves on the installment plan, c~re for them until the trees come into bearing. The pecan is subject to comparatively few diseases and is easily cultivated and cared for.

Like other States, Georgia has her lean and fa(} years, but Georgia has never known a complete failure of any staple crop. Weather and other conditions may, at times, affect yield, bttt no crop has ever stt.ffered complete elimination.
32

Georgia's Growing Cattle tndustry.
Georgia dairy barn with silos; home of Holstein-Friesans. Dairy cattle in the meadows. Hereford bull, Decatur County. .Jerseys and Holsteins, Georgia State College of Agriculture. 38

LIVE STOCK IN GEORGIA
live-stock industry in Georgia is growing rap' and farmers in every section are gradually awakening to the possibilities of cattle and hog raising both for home and foreign markets.
While Georgia still imports from 5,000,000 to 6,000,000 pounds of meat per month, the amount of imported meat is steadily decreasing, and the time is already in sight when Georgia will be making every pound of meat she uses within her own borders. The soil and climate are ideal for the production of feeds, while there are thousands and thousands of acres of open range suitable for cattle raising, both in North Georgia and South Georgia. In the southern part of the State cattle can graze on open range practically twelve months out of the year, while even in the northern section of the State it is necessary to feed cattle only about two months in the year. Approximate figures, carefully prepared by State Veterinarian Peter F. Bahnsen, of the Department of Agriculture, show that the live-stock industry in Georgia for 1914 was worth about $91,146,600, and that it has increased in value more than $13,000,000 during the past five years. This increase represents quality even more than number of head, and recent importations of high class registered cattle, including Shorthorns, Herefords, Aberdeen Angus, Holsteins and Red Polled, have already raised the total value to more than $100,000,000.
CUTTING OUT THE CATTLE TICK.
Eradication of the cattle tick in many counties has materially encouraged cattle raising. A few years ago it was the one outstanding disadvantage to cattle raising. Today this situation is under control, and cattle owners generally have learned the economic importance of tick eradication.
The dairy industry deserves more attention than it has received. Local demands for milk and milk food products are in excess of the supply. Only proper methods and organization are needed to give this industry unprecedented impetus.
34

MONEY IN GEORGIA HOGS.

1, Duroc Jerseys in alfalfa field, Colquitt County ; 2, A n 800-pound

China,

Colquitt County; 3, Duroc Jerseys, Deca tu r Countyt 4, B e rkshlres, Houston C o.

According to the 1910 census the number of cows on farms reporting dairy products that year was 323,468. There were 74,908,776 gallons of milk, and 27,246,247 pounds of butter produced in 1910, and the total value of dairy products, excluding home use of milk and cream, was $6,621,585.
The past eight months has shown an unprecedented development 'in interest in pork production on a more extensive scale.

MARKETING GEORGIA CATTLE.
Finishing cattle for the market offers great opportunities in Georgia. In South Georgia the velvet bean crop offers the material for a large and inexpensive gain either in cattle or hogs, and in all parts of
35

the State silage of corn, or corn and sorghum, can be produced at a cost not exceeding $2 per ton. This and cotton seed meal both offer a suitable ration for finishing cattle for market.
The Department of Agriculture is r endering service of inestimable value in safeguarding the health of live stock and diligently suppressing contagious and infectious diseases. In addition, practical advice is furnished in every branch of the live-stock industry. Five veterinarians are constantly engaged in travelling about the State, meeting the people, presenting and demonstrating proper methods of live-stock work. Great work has been done in controlling cattle tick and tick fever. The work is systematic and involves quarantine of counties where necessary. In this work the State .Department has had the cooperation of the county authorities and of the Federal Bureau of Animal Industry.
STAMPING OUT J;>ISEASES.
EAT and dairy cattle in Georgia are particularly free from tubercular germs. Rules have been established to prevent the shipment of tubercular cattle into Georgia, and in 1914 the percentage of reactors was reduced to about 4 per cent. Slaughter-house inspection shows that less than one-half of 1 per cent of native Georgia cattle are infected. The spread of hog cholera in Georgia has been extensive during the past few years, but this is true also of every other State in the Union engaged in
pork production. Hog cholera serum is furnished by the Department of Agriculture at actual cost, and the Department also tenders the services of a veterinarian to give practical demonstrations in its use.
To return to Georgia's natural advmitages for live-stock raising. Bermuda Grass is to Georgia what Blue Grass is to Kentucky. Bermuda and burr clover will grow in practically every part of the State, and this combination gives not less than ten months grazing. Georgia is only now beginning to realize the value of these grasses;
SELLING HOME-GROWN MEAT.
Big packing plants established in Georgia within the past few years are doing much to encourage live-stock raising. Five modern killing plants are now in operation in Georgia, two in Atlanta, one at Augusta, one in Savannah, and one in Moultrie. Of these five two are packing plants, viz., the White Provision Company, of Atlanta, and

Preparing Pork for Market in the Moultrie Packing Company's New Plant.
Packing Plant, Moultrie, which has wonderfully stimulated the cattle and hog industry in South Georgia.
the Moultrie Packing Company. During the five years that the White Provision Company has been established it has increased Atlanta cattle receipts five times over. Last year this company killed 10,000 cattle and 25,000 hogs. It has double this capacity. The Moultrie Packing Company has wrought a similar transformation; in a community where formerly cotton was the only crop and the only agricultural topic, the brood sow and her litter are today an absorbing subject.
An additional packing plant is assured, and not less than five municipal abattoirs are planned. It is predicted that within the next few years Georgia will not only be feeding herself, but will have a liberal supply of meats left to furnish other markets.
Brooks County, Turner County and a number of otherR are taking
37

the lead . in.live stockand meat, and their products have already hecom~ faino1;ts.
Many counties have sheep, and though little is heard of the indus:try, Georgia ranks today as the eighth wool-producing State in the Union.
POULTRY AND BEES.
Poultry is rapidly increasing in Georgia, both in nulll.hers and in yalue. The 1910 census gave the increase in number of fowls on (}eor~ gia farms during the preceding ten years as 402,132, o~ mare than:
8 per cent, and percentage of increased value .as over 43 , p~r cert(
Since 191,0 the increase has been proportionately even greater~ andg~A" 'eral interest is increasing in fine poultry breeding. Poultry is report~d on more than 85 per cent of the farms in Georgia.
The number o farms reporting bees decreased between 1900 and 1910 from 33,246 to 23,167, or slightly over 28 per cent. The total value of bee colonies in Georgia decreased during the same period from $242,769 to $187,242, or slightly more than 22 per cent. .
THE DAY OF THE SMALL FARM.
The day of the large land owner in Georgia is rapidly giving way to that of the small farm. Improved methods of farming and increased yield have been most largely responsible for this, and more money is being made on less land than formerly. Between 1880 and 1910 the number of farms in Georgia more than doubled, increasing from 138,626, to 291,027, although the increase in improved lands in the same period was less than 50 per cent, or from 8,304,720 acres to 12,298,017, and not all of this was under actual cultivation.
This increase in small farms has gone on from year to year through subdivision of the larger plantations, until it is estimated there are now 325,000 individu;:tl farms in the State ranging from 2 or 3 acres up to 1,000 acres and more. Greatest increase is shown in farms of 20 to 49 acres, the number of which grew between 1900 and 1910 from 73,408 to 117,432. In the same period farms of 50 to 99 acres increased from 52,251 to 68,510, while all farms of larger size showed marked decrease in number.
In 1910 farms of less than 100 acres, constituted about 75 per cent of the total number, while today the percentage is even greater. The average size improved farm in Georgia is considerably under 100 acres and perhaps close to seventy-five. The average value per farm in 1910 was $1,995. The same year the total value of farm lands, build-
ss

Slaughtering beeves; 10,000 Georgia beef cattle are slaughtered annually in this Atlanta plant.
Beeves awaiting slaughter, Atlanta.
This Atlanta packing plant slaughters 10,000 beeves and 25,000 Georgia-raised hogs every year, and has double that capacity. Practically the entire output is marketed in Georgia.
ings, implements, machinery and live stock was $580,546,381, while the present approximate investment in agriculture is about $650,000,000. Annual agricultural production in Georgia is now about $350,000,000.
Good agricultural lands may be had in Georgia all the way from $10 to $100 per acre, according to quality, improvements and location.
39

TO HELP THE FARMER
~-.._ RG-A.NIZED and highly specialized agencies for the assistance of the farm er and the encouragement of intensive farming and increased yield, are operated by and in connection with the Georgia State Department of Agriculture. These various agencies are under the direction of Commissioner of Agriculture, J. D. Price, and there is no product grown in the State in connection with which h elpful assistance cannot be given the producer.
ln addition to these there are also a number of independent agencies, such as the State College of Agriculture, at Athens, the eleven district agricultural schools, working along similar lines; while the United States Department of Agriculture puts both money and men into the State inthe cause of better farming.
FERTILIZER AND OIL INSPECTION.
The very oldest and the original duty of the State Department of Agriculture, was the inspection of fertilizers for the protection of the consumer, from which fees now not only pay the entire cost of inspection, but furnish annually enough funds to support the eleven district agricultural schools. Firms or corporations selling fertilizers are required annually to r egister each brand sold. Samples of each brand are collected by the inspectors, carefully analyzed: by the State chemist, Dr. R. E. Stallings, and r egularly r eported upon. All fertilizers are r equired to come up to certain standards, or otherwise under the law they are non-salable in the State.
In similar manner the department inspects all illuminating oils and gasoline sold in the State, and these are r equired by law to me et certain tests before they can be sold. Each grade must be sold as such, and misrepresentation is a misdemeanor. Thus the consume!.' buys and pays for just what he gets.
The chemical laboratories, in charge of the State Chemist, with eight assistant chemists, and one bacteriologist, all well trained and qualified, are well equipped for service. Fertilizers, foods, feedingstuffs, and drugs that are taken throughout the State and sent in by the inspectors, are all analyzed to see if they meet the r equirements

Cotton Production in Georgia.

COTTON GINNED: 1913.

0
[[]
m ~ m ~
II]

Nono rcportod. Less than 5,000 baJCA. 5,000 to 10,000 bales. 10,000 to 15,000 l>al\lS. 15.000 to 25,000 bales 25.000 to 40,000 bales. 40,000 b~le.s and over

This map of Georgia, showing the location of the counties, except the four newly created ones, taken from the U. S. Census Department Cotton Bulletin, gives a splendidly a ccurate idea of cotton production in the State.
of the different laws, and then reported upon to the Commissioner of Agriculture. Bacteriological analyses are made of milks and other food products to see if they are suitable for food. In this laboratory is prepared the bacteria for leguminous crops which the Department furnishes the farmer at cost.
PURE FOOD AND PURE DRUGS. Another important branch of the department looks after the enforcement of the pure food and drug law:s. H ere there are two dif-
41

ferent divisions, the pure food department under Inspector P. A. Methvin and the pure drug department under Dr. T. A. Cheatham. These two agencies have practically eliminated the sale in Georgia of all impure food products and drugs as well as injurious and adulterated feedstuffs for cattle and live stock. Every food and feed product, every drug, must be sold for just what it is, shown c1early on the package, and misstatements and false branding are rigorously and severely dealt with. Dairies, abattoirs and slaughter houses are regularly inspected and required to be maintained in thoroughly sanitary condition. Through the pure food division, the department has been able to render great assistance to the dairymen of Georgia, as well as to the farmers, whether as a consumer or a seller of_food products and f ee dstuffs.
The veterinarybranch of the department, under Dr. Peter F. Bahnsen, although but a few years old, is now profitably using thousands of dollars in helping the farmer to control all animal diseases and build up the live-stock industry, as already told of under the head of live stock.
Another recent interesting activity of the Department of Agriculture is the production of nitrogen-forming bacteria for the better growing of leguminous crops. This bacteria is sold to the farmers at the rate of 25 cents per acre. Splendid results have already been obtained from its use by growers of these crops.
THE MARKET BUREAU.
One of the most important of all r ecent developments along progressive agricultural lines, has been the establishment by Commissioner of Agriculture J. D. Price of a market bureau in connection with the State Department of Agricultu~e. He has appointed J. A. Montgomery, of Savannah, as the department's market agent. The object of this bureau is to bring producer and consumer into closer touch and to provide an outlet for the farm products of the State to the best possible advantage. This department will co-operate with both producers and consumers in order to accomplish real and permanent results, and without expense to either party. This advanced step was taken because of the manifest t endency to get away from the single crop idea and to engage more extensively in the production of food crops; and the services of the department's market agent Rre- at all times at the disposal of the producer and the consumer free of cost.
WORK OF ENTOMOLOGY DIVISION.
The Georgia Board of Entomology is virtually a branch of the State Department of Agriculture. Under the direction of State En-
42

GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION.
Old style and modern
silos. Modern horse barn. The Georgia Experiment Station, Experiment, Ga., is solving many problems for Ge.orgia farmers. Here are modern sanitary barns built of concrete.
43

tomologist E. Lee Worsham, this division has done work that has saved perhaps some millions of dollars to agriculture and horticulture throughout the State. Insect pests and plant diseases of every .type occurring in this territory are dealt with, and r emedies and methods of control indicated. Without the use of proper sprays, Georgia's fruit industry would amount to little, as it would be impossible to produce perfect fruit. Growers are both told and shown just what to do and how to do it, in order to make the quality of fruit that brings the highest market price. One of the most important works of the entomological department has been in the amelioration of serious cotton diseases and pests, and the preparation of Georgia farmers to meet boll weevil conditions, when that insect reaches the State. So thorough has been the work of preparing for the coming of the boll weevil, that Dr. W. D. Hunter, plant insect specialist of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, says that Georgia is better equipped today to withstand the onslaught of the weevil, than has been any other of the cotton-growing States. The department is also producing highly specialized varieties of cotton with improvement of lint and greater yield per acre, one especially, known as ' ' Dixafifi, '' being an upland long staple cotton which brings from 3 to 5 cents a pound more than ordinary cotton. Services of attaches of the department are at the command of producers whenever needed.
STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE.
A wonderful work for Georgia is being done by the State College of Agriculture, with Dr. Andrew M. Soule as president. Located in Athens as a part of the State University, which began as Franklin College and has been Georgia's seat of learning for 130 years, the State College of Agriculture is comparatively a new institution, but in the brief space of its existence it has brought remarkable development to agriculture in the State and instances are not infrequent where it has turned the proverbial single blade of grass into two or more.
At this institution every phase of agriculture of interest to the State is dealt with. Upon its 1,100 acres, part of which is in the city limits of Athens, actual experimentation in all the various linesof agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry are in progress, not only for the benefit of the students, but with a view to showing the farmers of the State how to increase the yield. It has always been such an easy matter comparatively, to make crops in Georgia, that until recent years little or no attention was given to intensive farming. The
44

1, Main Building, Georgia State College of Agriculture; 2, High School and Manual Training School, Ashburn, Turner County; 3, District Agricultural School, Tifton, Ga., one of eleven in the State; 4, Model Barns, State College of Agriculture, Athens; 5, Georgia Canning Club Girls, who won scholarships to State College of Agriculture, taking lessons in cooking.
45

Ten thousand dol!ars' worth of mule colts (upper illustration) raised in 'l'urner

County, Ga. Lower left hand, plowing pure-bred Percheron horses, State Col!ege

of "Agriculture. Lower right, Percheron mares owned by State Col!ege of Agri-

culture.



State College of Agriculture is showing the farmers how to make an acre produce two or three times more than the farmer formerly got out of it, with small increase in cost of cultivation. It has its expert professors and instructors in every branch of agricultural effort, and its bulletins and its advice and information are free to the farmers of the State for the asking.

U.S. FARM DEMONSTRATION WORK.
Connected, and intimately associated with the State College of Agriculture is the farmers' co-operative demonstration work, instit:uted and maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture for the benefit of the farmers of the State, under the direction of J. Phil Campbell, as State agent. This intimate association of the two agen-
411

Some Splendid School Buildings.
High School, Savannah, Ga.
High School, Bainbridge, Ga.
Industrial High School, Columbus, Ga.
A few examples of Georgia's numerous and wellconstructed high school buildings Which dot the State. Many high schools are found close to rural communities.
47

GEORGIA'S SPLENDID LIVE-STOCK
Georgia Beef Cattle
cies was brought about by the recently enacted Smith-Lever bill, passed by congress and co-ordinating the extension work of U. S. Department of Agriculture with the State College of Agriculture. These two are carrying on the extension work in almost all lines of farming.
There are now stationed at the college three live stock experts who spend their time in organizing live stock associations, giving adVice to the farmers on making pastures, growing crops and breeding liye stock. They also aid the farmer in buying pure bred stock. There are two dairymen. doing a similar work for the dairy farmers of the State, as well as giving instruction in the building of silos, the making of silage, making of butter and the improvement of the dairy herd. There is a hog cholera expert who spends his entire time in instructing and educating the farmer in the eradication of this disease. There are corn club agents, canning club agents, farm demonstration agents, a
poultry club agent, and apig club agent, all maintained jointly by the
college and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, in co-operation with county school officials and business organizations of the State. Many of the railroads are assisting in the maintenance of county agents. Besides the foregoing there are a horticulturist and seed-breeding specialists.
CANNING AND CORN CLUBS. There are 75 county agents for men's and boys' work, and 35 county agents for women's and girls' work located in as many coun-
48

INDUSTRY IS GROWING RAPIDLY
Herd of 3-year old Herefords-Marketed in Atlanta.
ties of the State. These agents conduct specific demonstrations in various crops and soil building with about 7,500 Georgia farmers. They organize annually 10,000 corn club boys, 3,000 canning club girls, 1,000 pig club boys and 1,000 poultry club members. Each of the experts from the extension department of the college spends the greater part of his time with the county agents, giving them information along their special lines and helping them to develop these particular industries.
The Boys' Corn Clubs of Georgia have already been mentioned under the subject of corn. These clubs are destined to make Georgia one of the greatest corn growing States of the Union. Likewise extraordinary encouragement has been given to the canning industry through the work of the Girls' Canning Clubs, a co-ordinate industrial movement. The girls' annual exhibit of canned vegetables and fruits is made at the State Capitol along with that of the corn club boys. The canning clubs are organized in about 35 counties and in many instances individual members have made as much as $100 by canning and selling the tomatoes from a quarter of an acre.
GEORGIA EXPERIMENT STATION.
Conducted solely in the interests of better agriculture, the Georgia Experiment Station, comprising 220 acres at Experiment, Ga., near Griffip., is supported entirely by the Federal government, which makes it an annual appropriation of $30,000 for agricultural research work.
49

The station is' supervised by a tegular board of f$fteen members, and is man~:t~ed by Director R. J. H. DeLoach, who has a staff o,f sev-en
expe.rts.'and a corps of day laborers. Among its possessions and equip-
merit ar~ a, h.e~d<of sixteen Duroc Jersey hogs with which to studycotton seed.toxicity; twelve Red Poll beef steers with 'Which itis (mn~ d).ICting animal nutrition work:; eight pure bred Jer,sey cattle \V\th which itJs conducting dairy investigations; about $5,000 worth pf !fine scientific-appar,atu~; two. conc:r;ete barns_; an .office and two laboiiator;y buildings.; "'two small green houses; a gin house ; dwellmg houses and other acc~~sories.
Thetvorkof the station is to solve problems that arise in ag:t;~c1ll" tural practice. Station officers find these problems, work them-oU.t apd
give the results to _the public, . Suggestiv~ of wha( its work mean~ _to
the State, it -may be pointed out that 60 percent of the cane syrup sold in ihe open market by farmers, will 'not keep for ninetydays. .The station is now working on this problem, which, when solved, will mean a saving o half a million dollars a year to the State.
Soil experts say that approximately 40 per cent of the fertilizers now put in the ground is wholly lost; that only about 60 per cent . is taken up by the growing plant. This means a loss of about $10,000,000 a year on fertilizers in Georgia alone. The biggest work of the experiment station, now in progress, is to solve the problem of making available for plant food and growth, practically all of the fertilizers used.
Other problems now being worked out by the station are the proper feeding of cattle in order to get the maximum result; the remedy for plum wilt, so as to make commercial plum growing possible; the problem of successful apple culture; how to remove the toxic properties of cotton seed meal in order to make it a valuable food, both for man and beast, and yet others along many .important lines of agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry.
DIVERSIFICATION AND ROTATION.
Diversification and rotation of crops, resulting in conservation of the soil and increased yield, are now considered the most important agricultural problem in Georgia. All of the various agencies organized for the assistance of the farmer, are engaged in stressing the importance of diversification and crop rotation, and are ready at all times to show the farmer just what to do and what crops to plant to get the best results. When this system is brought into general use .on the farms of Georgia, as it already has on many of them, it will result
in practically doubling the annual crop valuef:l Q the .State.
50

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
is an easy matter for any boy or girl in Georgia to get just the sort of education wanted at a minimum cost~ ,In .fact, there is scarcely any excuse forany Georgia boy or girl failing to learn just as muclL as they want toknqw.
The primary or common schools in whic}). are , taught all the elementary branches, which dot the rural d,istrits as well as the towns and cities, and to which the State appropriatetapproximately $2,600,000 a year,. are ..ab~o. lutely free to all residents. Nearlyall the cit~es, 39-G~or gia counties and many rural districts ' supplerfi,.e:r.tt t he State appropriation, and have lengthened their scMol
term from five to eight or nine months. in fact, it is not possible ~~y
where in Georgia today to .get far enough into the country to get out of the way of a common school education.
Within the last 11 years the free high schools of Georgia, maintain-; ing a curriculum of four years, have increased from four to 73, and private institutions of the same class have grown from four to 22. Approximately $3,000,000 .have been spent in new high school buildings within the last ten years. Many of the smaller towns .of the State now have such buildings, which would have been deemed extravagant a few years ago. In addition to the foregoing, high school instruction is given in approximately 1,000 white common schools of the Stat~ and in 47 negro institutions.
MANY IDGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. The university system of the State providing higher education ha~ grown rapidly 'within the same period. At Athens are located the State University and associated with it is the State College of Agriculture which has a model .farm of approximately 1,100 acres. Located in Atlanta is the Georgia School of Technology, another branch of the State University, from which have gone young men who have attll;ined the highest positions in the technical and mechanical world. .A,t Dahlonega another branch of the University is doing excellent wo,rk: along industrial, agricultural and other lines. At Athens is loc;tted t:jle State Normal Schoql for the training of teachers. At Milledgeygl~, the Georgia Normal and Industrial College, where 600 Geor-
51

Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta , whose hundreds of graduates are employed in high-salaried posltlons throughout tl:\e country.
gia girls are given industrial, normal and other training, according to their needs. In South Georgia, at Valdosta, is another similar institution for the industrial and domestic training of girls. In 11 of the 12 congressional districts of the State there are located agricultural schools, supported by the State and which are free to the residents of these respective sections, where boys and girls are taught the principles of agriculture, housekeeping,' business methods and given a sufficient literary training. The State maintains an academy for the
blind at Macon and a: school for the deaf at Cave Spring. The State
Medical College is located at Augusta, and the Atlanta Medical College, which has been given rank with the foremost of the country, is also open to young men of the State who desire to study medicine. A well-conducted industrial college for negroes is maintained near Savannah.
DENOMINATIONS WELL REPRESENTED.
The Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians are numerically the largest religious denominations of the State and in Shorter, Wesleyan, and Agnes Scott have splendid institutions for women. In Mercer University, at Macon, and at the new Candler University in Atianta, the two former denominations have fine colleges for men; while the Presbyterians have already begun to reconstruct historic old Oglethorpe College. This is not a complete list of the higher educational
52

institutions or the State, which includes such colleges as Brenau, LaGrange, Bessie Tift, Piedmont, Cox, Andrew, Lucy Cobb, and others.
State S.uperintendent of Education M. L. Brittain, who has kindly supplied the educational information herein contained, calls attention to the fact that the presence here as in other cotton States of two distinct races, the white and the colored, has tended to handicap the advancement of education in Georgia from.a general average standpoint. This is due to. the fact that the white people have been compelled to provide education not only for their own race but for the negroes as ,' wen, and among the latter has always existed the greatest per cent of illite:Jif):cy. He points out that illiteracy has been reduced among the white~Hrom 27.4 per cent in 1870 to 7 per cent in 1910; and among the Iiel!ro'~.s from 92.1 per cent in 1870 to 36 per cent in 1910.
HEALTH IS SAFEGUARDED.
Georgia maintains a well-organized State Board of Health, which devotes its attention to sanitary and health conditions in every section of the State. This board has. rapidly cleaned the counties of th.e State from the insidious hook worm disease, and among its special activities are the treatment of cases of rabies or hydrophobia in c'onnection with which it has had splendid results, and supplying to the people of the State serums for the treatment of diphtheria and other diseases. County boards of health are being :r:apidly established under its supervision, and through its work the annual death rate in Georgia has been materially reduced.
The fruit from 80,000 peach trees is packed In this packing shed at Fort Va lley, Ga. A fast freight train Is waiting on the other side to carry the fruit to nortl)er.n markets.
53

MADE IN GEORGIA
TATE Department of Commerce and Labor's preliminary estimates fro;m figures now in hand, show that manufacture is on the increase in Georgia, not only in the total value of material used and finished output, but in the increased number of separate and distinct articles manufactured. Many hundreds of different kinds of finished articles and products are being turned out today by Georgia mills, shops and factories. The textile mills come first in importance. According to Commissioner H. M. Stanley, they will show about 2,200,000 active spindles, 42,000 looms, 4,436 cards for mills manufacturing cotton, woolen and silk goods; for knitting mills approximately 4,200 knitting machines,
650 sewing machines, 380 loopers, and 600 ribbers. There are upwards of 165 cotton mills in Georgia.
There are 10 mills that bleach their goods and 32 that dye and finish.
COTTON MILLS ARE LARGE CONSUMERS.
Approximately 90,000 horse power is used today by the textile mills of this State. The total amount of raw material used in Georgia's textile mills is between 250,000,000 and 350,000,000 pounds of cotton, and about 1,700,000 pounds of wool. The value of this raw material is about $40,000,000.
The .;manufactured products amount to about 500,000,000 yards of cloth, 4,000,000 dozens of hose, and 500,000 dozens of knitted underwear. The total value of the products is between $60,000,000 and $70,000,000.
The salaries of officers and clerks in the textile mills approximate $1,300,000, and the amount paid to wage earners is close to $9,500,000. Sundry other expenses amount to about $3,800,000.
54

1,-Terra Cotta Pipe .and Fire Brick Plant, near Macon, Ga.
Georgia Kaolin Co.'s Plant, in Twiggs County,
Commercial Clay Pit, Wilkinson County. Portland Cement Plant, Polk County, Ga. GEORGIA'S ANNUAL CLAY INDl.J::S'l'HYREPRESENTS MORE THAN $2,000,00'0.
55

LUMBER AND NAVAL STORES.

The lumber industry in Georgia amounts annually to $25,000,000.

There .are over 1,800 sawmills in active operation -with 15,00.0 to 20,

000 men in constant service. The annual cut amounts to something

like one billion feet.

Of Georgia's thirty-four million acres, about 24,000,0QO are in for-

ests,

and

these

embrace

in

varying

quantities

practi ~ fl.~ldY

'
all

kinds

of

timber indigenous to the Eastern States. The chiefhh d woods are

oak, hickory, ash, dogwood, black gum, and persimmon; the chief soft

woods are long and short leaf pine, poplar and cypress.

Pine is the most important as commercial timber. The long leaf

pine region is estimated to cover seventeen thousand square miles and

to contain over twenty billion feet of merchantable lumber.

The extensive pine forests have made Georgia one of the leading

States in the Union in the production of naval stores, turpentine and

rosin.. Savannah annually exports 834,800 barrels of rosin and 35,576

casks of spirits of turpentine, and is the most important naval stores

port in the world. Brunswick is also an important exporter of naval

stores. The total value of Georgia's naval stores amounts annually to

about $7,000,000.

FERTILIZERS AND COTTON SEED.

Fertilizer factories in Georgia for the year ending December 31, 1914, had a capital invested of over $40,000,000, and spent near $12,500,000 for raw material. The manufactured products were 1,282,098 tons of fertilizer, valued at $33,000,000.
The cotton seed oil mills, with an iNvestment of about $14,000,000, used some 535,000 tons of cotton seed, and about 90,000 tons of fertilizer material, costing $12,500,000, and turned out 148,281 tons of cotton seed meal products besides 17,000,000 gallons of oil with a total value of $31,000,000.
Brick, tile, stone, terra cotta and similar industries, with a capital stock of about $4,000,000, and total expenses of $1,250,000, turn out annually products amounting to .$2,400,000.
Foundry, machine and general repair shops in Georgia have a total capital of nearly $10,000,000. They spend for repairs, new machinery and raw material about $3,000,000, and pay out to officers, clerks and wage earners about $2,500,000. They turn out annually products valued at between $7,000,000 and $8,000,000.

MARBLE AND GRANITE. 'The marble and granite quarries and marble yards, with a capital of nearly $3,500,000, and money paid for new machinery, repairs, raw
56

SOME BIG GEORGIA CO'l'TON MILLS:
1, Wlll!ngham Cotton Mill, Macon; 2, Pacole t Mill, New Holland, Hall County; 3, Typical cotton mill e mploye's home, New Holland; 4, Sibley Cotton Mill, Augusta, Ga.
material and incidentals amount to some $900,000, and salaries paid to officers and clerks $180,000, and to wage earners $1,200,000-turn out products valued annually at $3,500,000.
The bottlers and brewers have a total capital of about $3,000,000. Their total expenses will approximate $3,000,000, including the pay of officers, clerks and wage earners. The value of their manufactured products is in excess of $3,500,000.
57

The electric light plants have a mipltaf of some $10';000,000, ex:pen
ses of $3,500,000.. There is no definite statement available as to their earnings.
The gas plants have an investment of over $7,000,000, with expenses of over $1,000,000, and sales amounting to $2,000,000.
.
FLOUR-WAGONS-LEATHER GOODS.
The flour and grist mills, with a capital of over$2,500,()00, aJ+d .expenses approximateing $7,000,000, manufacture products worth about $8,250;000.
Bugg.y, carriage and wagon shops, with a capital of over $2,000,000, and expenses amounting to over $1,500,000, show manufactured products valued lit some $2,500,000.
In the manufacture of leather goods there is an investment .of $2,800,000, with expenses of nearly $2,000,000, and manufactured products worth somewhat over $2,700,000.
These figures are all based on sales, and it must be remembered that the value of manufactured products will sometimes largely exceed the amount of sales.
WAY UP IN THE MlLLIO~S.
A. compilation of figures and estimates shows that the total annual value of manufactured products in Georgia is between $225,000,000 and $250,000,000.
Among the other specific manufacturing industries which are carried on profitably in Georgia. are: Agricultural implements, brick and tile, paper boxes, bakery products, confectionery, cars and shop construction, men and women's clot}ling, including shirts and underwear, cooperage and wooden goods, furniture and refrigerators, leather goods, mattresses and spring beds, drugs and patent medicines, pottery and terra cotta, printi~g and publishing, slaughtering and meat packing, tobacco and cigars, woolen goods .and wool hats, copper, tin and sheet iron products, artificial stone, brooms, coffins, mineral and soda waters, commercial engraving.
MANUFACTURING OPPORTUNITIES.
Th manufacturing opportunities offered in Georgia, both for large capital and for the investor of limited means, are unsurpassed by any spot on the face of.the earth.
In addition to opportunities along general manufacturing lines, there are csprcially attractivJ operings for the mannfaeture of furni ture, shoes, prepared foods, jams, mal'malades, carriages, wagons, au-
58

Distribu ting Station for H ydroElectric Power.

Tallulah F a lls power Plant, where
96,000
horse power a re developed.

Plant at Bull Sluice.
Where Power is Made by the Chattahoochee River. Hundreds of thousands of horse power , deveJ.oped a nd undeve ].pped, in Georgia:s rivers and streams a re ready to furnish propulsion for thousands of manufactur !ng plant:;~.
59

tomobiles, paper mills, novelty works, ship building, toy factories, electrical machinery, electric cars, iron casting foundries, steel casting foundries, brass casting foundries, cotton oil mills, cotton spinning mills. Specific information will be furnished free on request by the Georgia Department of Agriculture, at the State Capitol. Prompt attention will be given all letters.
Georgia occupies a strategic position as regards the world's markets, commanding the West Indies and Central and South America, toward which American trade is growing with special rapidity.
Ge0rgia, though comparatively young as a manufacturing State,. already has passed every State in the southeastern group in value of manufactures. Georgia today ranks seventeenth among all the States in manufacturing.
NATURAL ADVANTAGES ARE NUMEROUS. Natural advantages have offered encouragement beyond the power of most localities to give. Cheap and unlimited supplies of raw material are available, coupled with the best railroad and shipping facilities, and the tremendous hydro-electric development in various sections of the State makes power abundant and cheap. Illustrating the growth of Georgia manufactures, the following figures will be of interest : The capital invested in Georgia manufacturing in 1880 was $20,672,000. In 1900 it was $89,790,000, and today it is in excess of $225,000,000. The value of products manufactured in Georgia in 1880 was $36,441,000. In 1900 it was $106,665,000, and today, as previously stated, it is between $225,000,000 and $250,000,000. In 1880 the number of separate manufacturing industries in Georgia was 3,600 and today it is between 5,000 and 6,000. The number of persons employed in manufactures in 1880 was 24,875, and today it is between 125,000 and 150,000.
WHAT MAKES THE WHEELS GO.
60

HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER.
In 1880 the total available horse power in Georgia, including both hydro-electric and steam was 51,169. Today the developed hydro-electric horse power alone amounts to about 175,000, and these figures do not include the horse power developed and used at the water's edge by a great many mills of all sizes.
The undeveloped horsepower in the State owned by hydro-electric companies totals 315,000. This figure does not i~clude the available undeveloped horse power in Georgia streams held by various other owners. The grand total is believed to reach practically 1,000,000.
A number o large separate hydro-electric companies are now operating in Georgia, and very large developments have been made around Atlanta, Co.lumbus, Macon, Augusta and other points. The largest single power plant is at Tallulah, where 96,000 horse power is generated, and distributed on towers to manufacturing plants all over the northern section of the State.
Steam and gasoline power are also used extensively in manufacture and on the farms.
None of the above figures take into account the many municipal electric plants, and individual factory and hotel plants, or those operated by the State or Federal government, which consume their own current.
Georgia has twenty-one ptlblic libraries, representing an. investment of more than $700,000. A.tlanta, Savannah, and seveml other cities, have handsome Carnegie Libraries free to the public.
!IYDRO-~LECTRIC. POWER PLANT NEAR AU(tU:STA, GA,
6l

BANKS--FINANCE-TAXATION
---------- is no State in the Union whose credit ranks higher than that of Georgia. With total property values as returned for taxation of approximately a billion dollars, the State's outstanding bonded debt is only $6,540,000, back of which as an asset is, also, the Western and Atlantic Railroad, 138. miles long from Atlanta to Chattanooga, owned wholly by the State and estimated to be worth not less than $12,000,000, without a dollar of encumbrance. This railroad now brings the State au annual rental of $420,012, which will be considerably increased under a new lease soon to be made.
The credit of Georgia's counties, cities and towns is maintained on an equally sound basis, the State Constitution prohibiting the issuance of bonds above 7 per cent of the taxable value, while strict laws regarding bond validations afford still further protection to the investor.
GEORGIA BANKS HELP THE FARMER.
Georgia's banks, conservative in management and successful m operation, have always been characterized by a liberal policy toward agriculture and general business, and the man who maintains a good credit has no trouble in financing his efforts. As an illustration of this it may be recalled that when the European War temporarily tied up cotton shipments, it was the Georgia bank that carried the Georgia farmer and the Georgia merchant through the crisis.
A quarter of a century ago State banks were few and far between; today there are 692 State banks and 114 national banks, a total of 806 banks in 152 counties, or an average of more than five to each county.
STANDING OF STATE BANKS.
Here is how Georgia's 692 State banks stood at the close of December 1914, compared with the year previous as shown in the report of State Treasurer and State Bank Examiner, W. J. Speer:
62

Resources.

Dec., 1913.

Dec., 1914.

Increase.

Decrease..

OLovaenrsdr&aftD__is_c-o_u__n_ts_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 918,,134458,,490106..1116 1016,,707778,,398071..0766

7,

763301,,

500
~71

.
.

9650

-_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-.-_-- --

BBoannkdss' &FuSrtnoictkusr_e_,_F_i_x_t_u_re_s_______ 67,,306303,d669622.. 3747 56,,060168,,445541..9648 __-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-______3_5_4_,_2_3_7_._6_9 "-

Other Real Estate________ ___ Include in above. 1,897,733 .04

482,522.24 - - --------------

Due From Banks_________ ___ 23,595,223.16 13,837,504.63 ____ ____ ____ __ __ 9, 757,718.53

Cash & Cash Items ______ ---C 12,418,139.19 6,442,397.46------------------ 5, 975,741.73 Other Resources ________ , __ -_ I=c-7'i1;.::;2"-':8';;:.:6;';;3'-4'.0";1--'::=..;;7~37;;.-''-';;89;;.;4~. :;:57;:......_ _..:2::::5.c:0~3::.1,_,..1c".6_.!.:-=,--;:-:-:,;,-c.;--;:-:-~--;.;;-:.:c--~-=--
TotaL __ __, ____________ 149,614,897.14 142,396,725 . 14 ---------------- 7,218,172 Net

Liabilities. Capital Stock _________ ______ 28,895,513.67 29,077,067 . 65

Surplus & N et Profits ________ 16,514,360.65 16,691,555.74 Due To Banks _____________ , 7,491,153.68 3,881,615.47

Unpaid Diyidends___________

47,386,72

27,008.05

Deposits--------------_____ 91 , 441,535.27 71 , 066,043.54 Bills P ayable_______________ 4,881,771.37 20,964 , 098 .80 Other Liabilities___ __________ .-=-...4:';713::2'-=::17:.C:5=.'-.:.c78::,-_~_,..,~6=='80:09.!.::3,~3'75:..9::.0::

TotaL--------- - ------ 149,614,897.14 142,396,725 . 14

181,553.97 - - --------------

177,195.09 ----------------

---------------- 3,609,538.21

----------------

20,378.67

-"------ -------- 20 ,375,491.73

16,152,327.43 - ---------------

276,160.12 -- - -------------

----- ____ __ ____ 7,218,172 N et".

Under strict State supervision and subject to State examination twice yearly, Georgia's banks keep well within the limit of the law and a bank failure is a rarity.

GEORGIA'S NATIONAL BANKS.
For soundness and conservative liberality in dealing, Georgia's 114 national banks ;:tre the equal of those found anywhere in the country. Under strict government supervision, they are a series of financial institutions as safe as are to be found in the world. For movements of the crops their assistance is ready and available to the full limit of good credit.
The combined capital of Georgia 's national banks is $14,756,000, with aggregate surplus an~ profits of $12,770,155.45; deposits $48,599,-. 026.35; national bank notes outstanding $17,315,727.50; loans and discounts $59,954,576.39, while the total of their resources and their liabilities each aggregates $107,745,824.37.

FEDERAL RESERVE BANK.
One of the twelve Federal reserve or "regional" banks established under the new currency law is located in Atlanta. It was opened November 1, 1914, to serve the territory of the sixth reserve district, including Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and parts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee.
It has already proven of inestimable value to this section, in giving a more elastic currency, helping the local banks at the seasons when a great deal of money is needed for the cotton crops, and making it generally easier to obtain money for legitimate purposes.
The .Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank is headed by Hon. J ()Seph A. McCord, as governor. In its weekly statement at the close of business, on March 26, 1915, the bank showed total resources of $12,010,000.
63

TAX RATE IS LIMITED
Georgia's tax rate is limited by the Constitution of the State to a maximum rate of five mills; that is, $5. on each $1,000 of property returned. The average rate of taxation in the counties of the State is 8 mills or $8. on each $1,000. These rates will compare favorably with those of any State in the Union, and are less than prevail in many o them.
Property generally is taxed on a basis of approximately 60 per cent of its market value. Georgia's municipal tax rates are comparatively speaking, below the average of those in most other States.
RATE REDUCED BELOW THE LIMIT. As the result of a new tax equalization law which we11t into effect in Georgia last year, taxable values were increased approximately $86,000,000, enabling the State tax commission to reduce the State rate from $5 to $4.50 on each $1,000. The total taxable values as returned to the State now aggregate $953,531,254. One effect of this law was to reduce the valuation on much Georgia property and raise it on others thus bringing about equalization in the tax burden. State Tax Commissioner Jno. C. Hart expresses the opinion that under the operation of the equalization act the State rate should be still further materially reduced and says that in fact, if all property was returned and at a fair valuation, a rate of approximately $2 on each $1,000 would give the State all the revenue necessary to support the public institutions. As a striking instance of development and growth, the Georgia tax reports for 1914 show an increase of more than $40,000,000 in the value of improved farm lands as compared with 1913,, bringing the total valuation up to $235,628,438.
NEW FULTON COUNTY .COURT HOUSE, ATLANTA. COST, $1,500,000. 64

IN THE BUSINESS HEART OF ATLANTA, CAPITAL OF GEORGIA, WHERE SKYSCRAPERS FLOURISH.

tlBERAtllY IN FARM LOANS.
!nvestors have leal'ned that there is no better security for loans in the world than Georgia farm lands. Hence loans, where needed, are easily obtainable, and the farms themselvesare soon made to pay them off: Of ten large insurance, trust and bonding companies which have loans in Georgia aggregating $16,000,000, they have placed more than 60per cen. t of the amount on farm lands. With .a record of Georgia loans since 1889, more than a quarter of a century, nine of these companies write that they have never had a farm loan overdue, which means they have never lost a d'Ollar, while one of the ten suffered a small loss admittedly through its own ignorance of c.onditions, in the entire 25-year period. There is never a time when any honest farmer is unable to get the money he needs for the making of crops or for extending and increasing his farm facilities.

GEORGIA NATIONAL GUARD.

Georgia has a very efficient and well-officered National Guard which

has proven a valuable supplement to the police system of the Sta.te.

It comprises 259 ;commissioned officers and 2,845 men, a total of 3,104, organized into o~e brigade'' (jf infantry with three regiments of 12

companies each, the headquarters of these regiments being .located re-

spectively at Savannah, Macon and Atlanta; one d:etached battalion

Qf infantry with headquarters at Elberton; one batt.alion of -field ar-

tillery_with two batteries in Savannah 'a:rid one in Atlanta; .one battalion of coast artillery, four compani~s in Savannah; one squadron,

four troops of cavalry and one detached troop, besides sanitary troops,

field hospital and other essential military adjuncts.



These troops are,supported both by the State and Federal govern-

ments and besides being subject to call under certain conditions by the g~vernment, they are always readY,': for the immediate performance of

any,, State uuty that the governor may direct. The presence and im-

lllediate availabij.jj;y of this well-trained force of troops .has been a .
stfong factor in'<~aking Georgia a law-abiding State and has had the

undoubted effect' of reducing insurance and loan rates in the State.

With $580,000,000 farm capitalization, Georgia'~ 'annual agricultural production is $269,220,000, while Ohio, with nearly two billions of farm capital, produces only $888,485,000.
()6

MINERAL RESOURCES
0 State is richer in variety of mineral resources than Georgia. With its great diversity of geo logical .formation, there are few minerals of wide commercial use that are not found within the limits of the State. Georgia is now producing 23 different kinds of minerals in commercial quantities, while many others are found here and there in smaller proportion. The principal minerals mined commercially in Georgia are clays, marble, granite, iron, coal, limestones, mica, manganese, bauxite, asbestos,
cements, gold, graphite, corundum, ocher, pyrites, copper, slate, talc and sandstone. The combined annual value of Georgia clays and clay products is approximately $2,000,000, while next in importance are marble and granite, the production of each of which has gone as high as $1,000,000 a year. The annual production of coal and iron vary in accordance with mining and market conditions. Iron ore production has gone as high as $837,102 in the year 1907, while in one or two sub: sequent years it has been around half that amount. Coal production has been us as high as $600,000 or more, and then again in other. years has dropped to half of that.
A SOUTH GEORGIA TURPENTINE STILL. The naval stores-turpentine and rosin-Industry still flourishes In Georgia t<;> the
extent of $7,000,000 a year. .

Mineral production in 1913 was estimated at $6,400,000, an increase of $400,000 over 1912. New mines are being constantly discovered and opened, and old, known mines are being brought into development. A direct result of the European War was to stimulate the mining of mica and allied minerals in Georgia, and a company with $250,000 home and foreign capital, has just been organized to prosecute this industry.
MANY NEW MINES IN THE MOUNTAINS.
Georgia's mining activities are confined largely to the .northern and mountainous sections of the State. It is here that the metals, coal, mica, asbestos and similar minerals are found, while in the northern central portions are located' granites and kindred building stones, and valuable clays abound in the central and even southern-central portions.
Georgia maintains a geological department with experts in various lines, under the direction of State Geologist S. W. McCallie, and its services are always at the command of those whose lands show indication of mineral wealth. General and specific geological investigations are kept up continuously, and bulletins published from time to time, showing the character and quality of the soils and indicating their various mineral contents.
The clays of Georgia are inexhaustible. The beds are thick and in quality and purity they are the equal of any in the country. They are used largely in the manufacture of high grade china, fire brick and terra cotta and as a filler for paper.
Ballxite, akin to clay, is extensively mined in the northwestern S(:C tion of the State, and is used in the manufacture of aluminum, ab<,u and in. the making of fire-brick and alundum, an artificial abrasiw.
THE WORLD'S LARGEST MONOLITH.
Georgia stands seventh in the output of granite, the supply of which is inexhaustible. Stone Mountain, sixteen miles east of Atlanta, is often .called the largest monolith in the world. There is probably no- ~tanite in the South more widely known or more generally used than that from Stone Mountain, while of almost equal importance, though smaller, are the granite quarries of I.Jithonia, a few miles still farther to the eastward. These granites possess remarkable strength and are quite. f~ee from all chemical and physical defects.
Georgia marbles, like Georgia granite, are inexhaustible. The principal deposits are found in Pickens, Cherokee, Gilmer and Fannin Counties in the northern section of the State. These marbles occur in
a :Jiarrow 1Jelt which extends from the northern part of Oherokee
~

GRANITE
Marble P lant, P ickens County. Part of State Museum, State Capitol.
GEORGIA HAS MARBLE AND GRANITE TO SUPPLY THE WORLD. THE QUARRIES ARE INEXHAUSTIBLE; THE OUTPUT IS :RAPIDLY GROWING,
69

- -----~~~

STONE MOUNTAIN, DeKALB COUNTY.

The largest single block of granite in the world. This is the northern view. Exten



sive quarries are on the eastern and southern sides.

County to the North Carolina line, a distance of 60 miles~ The principal marble industry of the State is located in Pickens County. The stone varies in color from white to almost black, and a .flesh-tinted variety is also found. The product of these quarries is shipp:~d to . alJ,Ilost every State in the Union where it is used in the c.onstruction and de.:;(lra~ion of r.mildings. 'rho State Capitols of Mi:J;mesota, Kentucky, Arkansas, Rhod~ Island, the U. S. Government building in Boston, St, Luke's Hospital, New York, the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington, the New York Stock Exchange, the Royal Bank of Canada at Montreal, the Bank ofMontreal at Winnipeg, the Illinois State Memorial at Vicksburg, and many large office buildings in Atlanta and elsewhere are constructed of Georgia marble. It is said there is marble enough in these. beds to replace every large building in the world and still not mate;r.ially diminish the supply.

GEORGIA'S COAL AND IRON.
Georgia's coal depositsin Dade, Walker and Chattooga Counties, are extensions of the northeastern Alabama fields. The Georgia coal area was originally estimated to have 933,000,000 tons of coal, of which about 13,000,000 tons have been mined up to the present time, leaving 920,000,000 tons, or enough to last at the present rate of mining for 1,500 years. This coal has a high heating value and is used largely for steam and cooking purposes:
Principal iron ore deposits are found in Polk, Bartow and Floyd Counties, though workable deposits are located in almost every county in the northwestern section .of the State. In 1910 Georgia produced
o 64,215 tons. pig iron .and the production for 1913 was approximately
130,000 tons. Of Georgia's other commercial minerals limestone is used exten-
7Q

sively for building purposes. Large supplies o building slate are found, chiefly in Polk County. Commercial copper mines are located in Fannin, Cherokee and Haralson Counties. In 1843 Georgia gold mines, northern section, produced $582,782, but since then the annual output has greatly fluctuated and in later years has decreased, due mainly to the exhaustion of the placer mines. While in 1900, for example, Georgia's gold output was $116,700, in 1908 it was only $56,207, and in later yearshas fallen even below that.
MANY OTHER MINERALS. Natural cement plants are located in Bartow, Polk and Walker Counties, where raw materials are found in abundance. Asbestos and mica are found chiefly in northeastern Georgia in White and neighboring counties. There is a commercial deposit of corundum in Towns County; graphite is found in Pickens, Elbert, Hall, Madison, Douglas, Troup and Cobb Counties, while the principal ocher mines are located near Cartersville in Bartow County. Pyrites is found extensively in the counties of the northwestern section. Among the precious stones which have been found in small quantities in Georgia in connection with gold, corundum or other mining are the diamond, ruby, amethyst, rose quartz, agate, jasper, opal, beryl, garnet and moonstone.
PLACER GOLD MINING IN LUMPKIN COUNTY, NEAR DAHLONEGA. 71

GEORGIA BUSINESS

--~ USINESS is good in Georgia. Georgia stands recognized and pre-eminent among Southern States as the geographi(lal and financial center of wholesale and retail merchandizing, and as southern headquarters for practically all of the big northern and eastern insurance and manufacturers' agency concerns. Money is easy to obtain for legitimate pur-
.poses in Georgia, and merGhants, big and little, are, generally speal;\:ing, prosperous. The per~ centage of failures is low. While industries and productiveness have doubled in Georgia during the past ten years, the active capital, available through banks, to handle increased business, has more than trebled in the same time. In the argument before the Federal Commission which established the Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta, the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce produced actual figures to show that more than half the merchants in the southeastern States buy goods in the Georgia market. More than 90,000 mercha:p.ts in the seven southeastern States are registered as regular customers of Atlanta alone. Atlanta wholesalers and manufacturers' agents alone sell to southeastern territory more than $350,000,000 worth of goods per year-and Atlanta is only one city. Georgia's seaports are among the busiest on the Atlantic coast.

COMMERCIAL HEADQUARTERS HERE.

The whole current of trade in southeastern territory flows into and out of Georgia. Railroad headquarters are centered in Georgia for all the territory between the Ohio, .Potomac and Mississippi Rivers.

The productiveness of Georgia combined with the available capital and the advantageousness of shipping rates and conditions, make it an ideal location for the merchant, large or small.

Georgia has more national ATLANTA'S NEW $I,ooo,ooo J>OSTOFFICE,

.banks, with more capital and

ALREADY NEARLY OUTGROWN.

surplus than any other southeastern State, and has nearly twice as

72

many State banks, with more than double the capital surplus of any of the seven States in the southeastern group.
Georgia is the center of the phenomenal business growth of the southeastern region-a development which has been more rapid than that of any other section of the United States, unless it be Texas and Oklahoma or a portion of the Pacific coast.
SHIPPING AND PORTS.
Georgia has four seaports handling extensive domestic and foreign commerce-Savannah, Brunswick, Darien and St. Mary's.
Savannah is entered by four great railway trunk lines which pour the products of field and factory onto her wharves that line the Savannah River on either side for a distance of six miles. In 1889 Savannah had a total foreign commerce of $18,239,435. Constant deepening of the harbor, making provision for larger and deeper draught vessels, and the natural growth of the country tributary to this port-the largest on the South Atlantic, south of Baltimorehas steadily increased this until in 1904 it amounted to $54,694,443, while in 1914, ten years later, it had more than doubled, being $116,864,657. Chief exports from Savannah are more than a million bales of cotton annually, naval stores and lumber. Savannah's foreign imports approximate $6,000,000 annually. Direct freight steamship lines ply between Savannah and the ports of the United Kingdom, Continent of Europe, Latin-America and the Orient; while coastwise steamers connect regularly with New York, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Jacksonville.
BRUNSWICK AND OTHER PORTS.
Brunswick has one of the deepest and most accessible harbors on the South Atlantic coast. From this port there was handled in 1913 a total tonnage, foreign and coastwise, of 984,446 tons, valued at $54,892,433.55. In this were 353,090 tons of railroad crossties, valued at $1,977,304.80. Brunswick's total foreign exports for 1913 were 230,002 tons, valued at $19,348,161. Foreign imports for the same year were 16,268 tons, valued at $157,175.75. Brunswick's chief exports are crossties, lumber, naval stores, cotton and linters; while principal imports are kainit and other fertiHzer materials.
Simila~ exports in smaller quantity, are handled, principally by sailing vessels from the ports of Darien and St. Mary's, both of which have good harbor facilities.
73

FOREIGN VESSELS AT WHARVES I N BRUNSWICK HARBOR, LOADING COTTON, NAVAL STORES AND PIG IRON.
GEORGIA'S LEADING CITIES.
Georgia has eleven thriving cities of more than 8,000 inhabitants, and hundreds of prosperous, growing, smaller towns.
Atlanta, the capital of the State, with over 200,000 inhabitants, is the largest city in the South in bank clearings and postal receipts, and, next to New Orleans, the largest in population. The growth of Atlanta is steady, rapid, substantial. The 1914 census gave her pop. ulation as 179,292. Conservative estimates in 1915 show that she has nearer 200,000. Atlanta is not only a railroad and manufacturing center, but is general southern headquarters for a majority of the big insurance companies, and other big eastern and national corporations. Her twelve large skyscraper office buildings are always filled. A new courthouse costing $1,500,000 has recently been finished, and a magnificent $1,000,000 postoffice and federal building erected three years ago is already being outgrown. Atlanta has over 500 manufacturing plants with an annual output of over $50,000,000.
Atlanta has six national banks, with a paid in capital stock of $4,700,000, and a surplus of $3,900,000. In addition she has a dozen or more strong State and local banks, and is a Federal Reserve city. The Regional Reserve Bank for the Southeast is located in Atlanta. An active Chamber of Commerce, Convention Bureau, and other wideawake organizations have given the phrase, ''Atlanta Spirit" a national circulation.
SAVANNAH.
Georgia's next largest city is Savannah, with a population given in the 1914 census as 67,917, and since materially increased. The largest port on the Atlantic coast south of Baltimore, Savannah is of
74

An every-day eountry road in Middle Georgia, Laurens County.
A 20-mlle almost straight stretch in Decatur Co.
A Chatha!ll County shell road, overhung by moss, near Savannah.
GEORGIA'S GOOD ROADS ARE REALLY GOOD. These are just a few random examples of the many hundreds of miles of them.
Over 5,000 convicts are building roads like those every day.
75

world-wide importance or its industries and shipping. Savannah . is

the largest Sea Island cotton market in the world. Manufacturing

has become an extensive industry offering lfiany opportunities. . There
.are $18,000,000 invested with annual products of $37,000,000. . , . Savannah was the site of the original Georgia col~iry founded by
General .Oglethorpe. It is laid out in beautiful squares, with its resi~

dence sections magnificently shaded, and is one of the loveliest cities

.in the world from a scenic standpoint. The hundreds ()f miles ofmod-

ern roads in and around Savannah are famous and have been used for some of the greatest national and international auto races in the

history of the sport.

AUGUSTA.

Augusta, with a population of 55,000, is one of the largest cotton

manufacturing cities in the South, and is the second largest inland

cotton market in the world. Its modern office buildings are rapidly

increasing, and its residential suburbs are noted for beautiful home$,

parks and drives. Augusta is situated in the heart of a rich cotton

and corn producing section, and is a metropolis forthe whole Savan-

nah valley. . Augusta's postal receipts have doubled within the past

ten years. Augusta is the location of the Southern' Ordnance Depart-

ment of the United States Government. Situated at the head of navi-

gation on the Savannah River, boats are operated to Savannah and

freight rates are low.

MACON.

The city of Macon, with a growing population of about 45,000 is

located almost in the geographical center of Georgia, and is . con-
sequently an important busine!3!3 point for a very large section of the

State. In the midst of the cotton belt, and directly in the center of

Georgia's magnificent fruit producing territory; Macon is an important manufacturing, packing and shipping point. Her manufacturing in~

dustries are growing steadily. Her banks are prosperous and her

postal receipts are increasing yearly. Macon is an important educational center, and is the site of the Wesleyan Female College and

Mercer University.

Other important cities in Georgia are Columbus, a big manufac-

turing center, with a population in 1914 of 21,805; Waycross, with

18;134; Athens, site of the State University, with 16,900; Rome, with

14,146; Brunswick, with 10,649; Valdosta, with 10,000; Albany, .with

9,717, and Americus, with 8,227. Georgia has 128 cities with a popu-

lation of 1,000 or more.

The 128 cities of Georgia of 1,000 inhabitants or more, each en-

joys the service of some form of public utility. According to figures

collected by the State railroad commission 118 of these have electric

76

Street scene in Savannah's business section (above), with one of the attractive Bull Street squares In foreground .

Street scene in the heart of Macon, loca ted in Georgia's geographical center.

lightingand power plants, of which 78 are muniCipally owned, while 40 belo11g to private corporations; three cities own their OW]l gas corripanies, while there are ten other gas companies privately owned. Th~re_ are in the State 245 telephone exchanges,, operating more than iOO,OOO telephones. Of . the exchanges . 111 are owned or controlled by the Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., while 134 are independent exchanges; In and tributary to Atlanta are nearly one fourth of the entire number of telephones in use in the State.

TRANSPORTATION AND MARKETS~
hy Ge~rgia 's transportation facilities are rivalled those of few othe~

St.ates in the South, and surpassed by none.



A perfect network of railroads traverses every section, connect~ng

~yery city, town and almost every village; bringing rural communities

into close communication with each other and with the principal ship-

ping cente~s and markets.

>



Georgia has 152 counties, of which 146 have railroads. ,.

The totaJ railroad mileage of the State is 7,290 miles, or rn.ore in

proportion -to area than any other State south of.Virginia. .

77

~he has i,500 stations which are shipping points, and 725 which

have express offices.

Several boat lines touch at Georgia's "four ports, Savannah, Bruns-

wick, Darien and St. Mary's.

Of the 100,000 telephone stations in Georgia, over 25,000 are in rur-

al districts, and are being used more generally eac.l:l year as an aid to

marketing crops.



Not only is railroad transportation rapid and comprehensive be-

tween points in Georgia, bltt ten important trunk lines connect every

section of the State with all the big city markets of the North, South,

East and West. The trunk lines which enter a:rid traverse Georgia

are the Atlantic Coast Line, Southern Railway, Seaboard Air Line,

Atlanta, Birmingham & Atlantic, Louisville & Nashville, Nashville,

Chattanooga & St. Louis, Atlanta & West Point, Ge()rgia Southern &

Fldr~da, Central of Georgia, and Georgia Railroad.

ENJOYS REASONABLE RATES.
Freight and express rates over all this great network of railroads in Georgia are fixed by a State railroad commission, and Georgia shippers today enjoy the lowest freight ratesin the South.
The Railroad CommisSion of Georgia is vested with wider powers
than its nanie indicates. lq realityit is a Public Utilities Commission.
It has not only the power to establish just and reasonable rates, but to enforce adequate and efficient service as well. The help it renders to shippers of agricultural and industrial products is extensive. It establishes special commodity rates on vegetables and fruits, both canned and fresh, to encourage shipping, a,nd prescribes special fast trains for perishable commodities.

RAILROADS HELP PRODUCER.
The railroads and express companies are themselves co-operating along similar lines, and by the establishment of market departments are rendering voluntarily a splendid aid to the Georgia producer not merely in the transportation of his products but in the finding of the best markets therefor. Among the railroads which are now operating market departments for this purpose are the Southern Railway, the Central of Georgia, the A. B. & A., and the Atlantic Coast I.Jine. The Southern Express Company is operating a similar department,. with benefit to producer and consumer alike.
The State Department of Agriculture, as already shown, State College of Agriculture, Georgia Chamber of Commerce and other agencies are rendering valuable assistance in the marketing of farm products.
'i8

Old time plantation types often met with "Mid Georgia Scenes."

Middle cut shows an old fashioned barbecue on a farm in Central Georgia.
79

SHIPPING SCENES, SAVANNAH

Foreign Vessels at S.aboard Wharves, Loading Cotton,

AUTOMOBILES IN GEORGIA.

It is estimated that there are today more than 25,000 automobiles

in Georgia, of which approximately 7,250 are owned in Atlanta, Sa-

vannah, Macon andAugusta, the four large cities of the State, while

the remaining 17,750 are owned in the smaller cities, towns, rural

communities and on the farms.



The number of autos owned in Georgia is being increased at the

rate of approximately 2,500 to 3,000 per year, and a large proportion

of these cars are being placed in the smaller towns and directly on

the farm.

Many Georgia farmers are learning the value of the auto not merely

as a convenience for the family and a pleasure vehicle, but as an aid in

actual work as well, and as an economical and ra:pid means of trans-

porting lighter farm produce to nearby markets.

GEORGIA'S GOOD ROADS.
Georgia has today approximately 85,000 miles of public roads. She has over 10,000 miles of roads paved with sand-clay, and several thousand miles of road paved with macadam, chert, stone or gravel. Highway improvement is going forward at the rate of 1,500 to 2,000 miles per year.
Tremendous impetus has been given the improvement of roads in Georgia since 1908 by the employment of practically all Georgia's convicts on road building. Under the present law all the felony convicts are apportioned among the various counties of the State, to be worked on good roads in connection with their own misdemeanor convicts. Under this system there are today 2,760 felony convicts and
80

HARBOR. SAVANNAH. GEORGIA
Naval Stores and other Products for Shipment Abroad.
2,550 misdemeanor convicts, or over 5,300 convicts in all, working on highways in 126 counties of the State. For the benefit of the counties the State Prison Commission now has an expert road building engineer whose sole duty it is to travel around among them and aid the local commissioners in solving their road-building problems. In addition, the State Geological Department, of which S. W. McCallie is head, issues extensive bulletins on roads and road .building materials.
The working of convicts on the roads has been a success. The expense of maintaining the present force of over 5,300 is about $2,000,000 a year, and their labor on the roads is estimated to be worth more than double this amount.
This system is giving Georgia a magnificent network of improved highways in all parts of the State~ and while most of the counties are using principally the sand and clay mixtures alone, the roads show a vast improvement over the old dirt roads, and generally speaking are superior to those of other States in the South. The U. S. Good Roads Bureau of the Department of Agriculture has called attention to the fact that Georgia has recently made more progress in road improvement than any other State in the Union.
1,706 RURAL MAIL ROUTES.
Georgia's postal facilities, both city and rural, are keeping adequate pace with the State's development, and are the equal of any in the United States.
On January 1, 1915, there were in operation in Georgia 1,706 rural routes, the total length of which amounted to 40,759 miles, representin~ an annual travel o 12,385,915 miles.
81

ICING CARS FOR SHIPMENT OF PIDACHES FROM "'"""'Jn.'n""" c,v.r:''-'"''""-"-'-'" NORTHERN AND WESTERN MARKETS.
This service is operated .at an annual cost to the government for regular carriers of $1,824,596, or at the rate of 14.77 cents for each mile of travel.
The many railroad trunk lines touching every section of the State give rapid mail service in all directions in and out of Georgia. Handsome .new postoffice buildings, have been recently constructed by the Federal Government in Atlanta and other cities.

GEORGIA'S SEACOAST ISLANDS.

The many islands along the Georgia seacoast are attractive both

as summer and winter resorts, and upon them are several valuable es-

tates and clubs whose members use them as

winter resorts

and game pre-

serves.

Cumberland Is-

land has long been fa-

mous as the

home of the Car-

negie estate, and alsr

as an attrac-

NEW PASSENGER TERMINAL STATION, ATLANTA. 82

tive summer resort and :fishing ground. Jekyl Island is known as the home of the famous Millionaires' Club. Other islands used as resorts or as private :fishing and game preserves are St. Simons, Sapelo, Wolf, St. Catherines, Ossabaw and Tybee. There are many smaller islands on the coast, and practically all of them are productive and furnish advantageous home sites.

PLENTY OF GAME HERE.

Georgia furnishes ideal sport for both hunter and

fisherman in the proper season. Quail or partridges,

as well as wild turkey, wood cock, doves, grouse and

pheasants may be found in practically all parts of the

State, while duck, deer, squirrels and o 'possums

are numerous in certain sections.

Mountain trout, black bass and bream, as

as the channel cat, inhabit many of the fresh

water streams, while the salt water :fishing is

as fine as can be had on the southeastern

coast.

Game and fish are protected by

adequate game laws, revised under an

Act of the Legislature in 1911, and a

State Department of Game and Fish,

headed by Commissioner Chas. L.

Davis, and strongly backed by public

sentiment, is enforcing the law

against pot hunters and ''game hogs''

and at the same time doing splendid constructive . work in game preservation.

A Georgia Game Warden in the



Field.

License to hunt in the county of residence costs $1. Statewide li-

cense for a resident Georgian costs $3. Non-residents hunting in Geor-

gia, except on their own land, are required to pay a license of $15.

The open season for quail, partridges, wild turkeys, doves and

plovers is November 20 to March 1; wood cock and summer ducks

December 1 to January 1; migratory duck September 1 to April 20;

cat squirrels August 1 to January 1; grown male deer, October 1 to

December 1; o'possums October 1 to March 1. The killing of doe,

fawn, fox squirrels, turkey hens, and all imported game birds is a

crime at all times. The law prohibits baiting fields. It prohibits

the use of seines or nets for fish except between February 1 and July

L The use of dynamite or explosives in streams is altogether for-

bidden~

83

GEORGIA. COUNTIES
A BRIEF WORD ABOUT THEIR PHYSICAL CONDITION, THEIR RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES
llilii3iiiiiili1 N the following brief statements regarding conditions in
the, 152 counties .in Georgia, it has been sought to give first, the population of county and county seat, the value of taxable property, agricultural, manufacturing and mining industries and resources, average altitude above sea level and the average value of ordinary farm lands. The figures have been taken from official records whereever possible.
The figure given as average value of farm lands in no case represents the value of the higher class or best farm lands of the county, but simply an average of lands which may be used for agricultural purposes. These figures are furnished by county officials. In nearly ever county in Georgia there are lands which sell as high as $50 and even $75 and $100 an acre, and yet these best lands on which often as many as three crops a year may be made, may be had at half the price now paid for high class western 1me-crop lands. Likewise, there are many lands in most Georgia counties which may be had at around the average price given, and in a few instances, even lower :
.APPLING County, 14,000; BaJtley, 1,500; taxable property, $4,129,019. Fann products: Cotton, corn, cane, potatoes, hay, melons, cattle and hvgs fQ,r shipping. Manubctures: Lumber and naval stores. Average altitude, 206. feet. Average value farm lands, $10 an acre.
BACON County, 12,000; Alma, 1,200; area., square miles, 332; taJtable property, $1,750,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, melons. Manufactures: Building material,- oil mill, cotton gins. Average altitude, 205 feet. Average value lanl per acre, $15.
BAKER County, 6,500; Newton. 460; taJtable property, $1,501,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, Cane, potatoes, peaches, pecans, hogs, cattle and horses. Average altitude, 200 feet. Average land value pe.r acre, $10.
BALDWIN County, 19,672; Milledgeville, 5,119; area, 250 square miles; taxable property, $3,48~,-950. Farm products: Corn, cotton, whe-at, oats, hay, suga.rCJane, pe.aches, apples. Minerals: Pottery day. Manufactures: Cotton oil mill. Seat of Georgia N wmal and Industrial College for Girls; State Sanitarium and other State institutions. Altitude, 375 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $18.
84

!3ANXS dounty, 14,00(); llomer, l:125; area, 400 square m.iles; taxable property, $1;775;147. Fal'm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, p-otatoes, peas, peaches, apples, pecans; dairies, 5,0!()'0 cattle. \Manufactures: Asbestos mines. Average altitude, 1,700 feet. Average valu13 farm land per acre, $20.
BARROW County, l1,8fi0; Winder, S,!'iOO; area., 190 square miles; taxable p'rope.rty, $2,000,000. Farm products: C-otton, .corn, peas, hay, wheat, oats, cane, apples, peaches, pears, pecans. Manuf.actures: Cotton mill,. cotton cloth; overall, shirts, pants, etc. Average altitude, 1,000 feet. Average value farm land per a ere, $4.0.
BARTOW County, 27,483; Cartersville, 4,826; area, 485 square miles; 'taxable property, $7,136,548. Farm products: Corn, wheat, oats, cotton, potatoes, hay, pea:ebes, apples and small fruits. Minerals: Iron, manganese, och-re, bauxite,' limestaae; Aver.age altitude, 1,100 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.
BEN HILL County, 15,000.; Fitzgerald, 7,500; area, 350 square miles; taxable property, $3,500,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, hay, pecans, pea.rs and peaihes. Manufactures: Cotton mills, oil mills, railroad shops, art stone plants, cigars and implement fact ories. Average altitude, 500 feet. Average land v alue per acre, $25.
BERRIEN County, 23,609; Nashville, 1,180; taxable property, $8,000,000. Farm product s: Cotton, corn, oats, peanuts, potatoes, fruits, strawberries, nuts, live s tock. Manufactures : Lumber, turpentine, canneries. Average altifuue, 180 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $20.
Cattle. on the open ranges in South Georgia, where grazing Is possible for pra ctically the entire twelve months of the year. 85

BIBB County, 70,000; Macon, 55,440; area., 200 squa.re miles; ta_xable

prop~ty, $34,000,000. Fa-rm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, watermelons,

cantaloupes, potatoes, truck, peiwhes, pecans, pears, figs, live stock. Manufactu_reS:

C{ltton .mills, fire hrick, terra 'cotta pipes, clay p.roducts, oil mills, fertilizers, an-d

numerous varied plants. Average altitude, 373 feet. Average value farm land

per acre, $10 to $25.

.-.

BLECKLEY County, 10,623; Cochran, 1,632; area, 225 square . ~iles; tax~J.bl!l pr.operty, $2,107,605. Farm products: Cotton, grain, hay, potatoes,. . ca,ne, live stock. Manufac~ures: Cotton mills, oil mills, lumber and planing mills, _fullers earth and mining. Average altitude, 350 feet. Average va~ue brm)and pet acre, $25.

BROOKS County, 25,000; Quitman, 5,000; area, 514 square miles; taxable property, $10,000,000. Farm products, cotton, corn, hay, hogs, oottle,, cane, oats, fruits, pecalli!, other nuts. Manufactures: Cotton mills, cooperage plants, saw mills, ice, soft drinks, variety works. Average altitude, 300 feet. Average value farm land per rucre, $30.

BRYAN County, 7,500; Clyde, 200; taxable property, $1,500,000. Farm pro-

ducts: Cott-on, corn, cane and potatoes. M1anufactures: Lumber mills. Average

altitude, 32 feet. Value -of aver-age farm land pe-r acre, $6.

}

BULLOCll County, 27,000; Statesboro, 3,500; area, 724 square miles; taxable

property $4,uOO,O<lO. Farm products: Cotton, corn, beans, peanuts, hay, oats,

cane, potatoes, pecans, peas, peaches, apples, hogs, cattle. Manufactures: Ferti-

lizer, cotton seed oil mills, saw mills, . tile plants. Average altitude, 200 ft.

Averag_e value far~ land per acre, $25.

.

Bv:RJQl County, 29,0QO; Waynesboro, 3,000; area, 740. square miles; taxable propejity, .$4,900,Qqo. Farm _products: Cotton, corn, grain,._hay, potatoes, cane, melons, pecans, horses, eattle and h-ogs. Manufactures: Wagons, oil mills, iron. Average altitude, 35<Ffeet:- . Average value farm land, .$25 per acre.
' .BtTTT~ County, 15,106; J'ackson, 1,975; area, square miles, 179; taxable
prope(l'ty;., ~2,,364,697; Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, hay, potatoes, peach~, apples; watermelons, cantaloupes, figs. Manufaetu:res: Cotton mills,
oil' mills mr<l "others; Altitude, 850 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.

AT THE WHARVES, ST. MARY'S, CAMDEN COUNTY.
86

CALHOUN County, 12,518; Morgan. 375; area, square miles, 276; taxable property, $i,571,195. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, hay, sugarcane, potatoes, pe11ches, grapes, watermelons, cantaloupes. Altitude, 200 feet. Average 'valtiefarm .lahd per acre, $12.
CAMDEN Oounty, 8,700; St. Marys, 743; area, squa.re miles, 718; taxable .prop.erty, $2,070,005. Farm products: Corn, sugarcane, -cotton, rice, oats, potatoes, bah ;v'E!get!lbles, grapes, berries, melons. Average altitude, 25 feet. Average value farm laild per lliCl.:te, $!0,;.''L:
CAMPBELL County, 12,000; Fairburn. 1,000; area, 205; taxable property, $3,009,868. :F1arm products: Cotton, -c6rn, apples, peaches, cattle and dairying: Manufactures: Ootton mills, harness, brick, agricultural implements, fertilizer and gener~l manufactures. Av&rage altitude, 1,000 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $30.
CANDLER County, 11,000; Metter, 500; area, 350 square miles; taxable property, $2,500,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, live stock small but in~reasing. Average altitude, 250 feet. Average value frurm land .per acre, $30.
CARROLL County, 33,855; Carrollton, 4,500; area, 486 square miles; taxable property, $7,327,0.Sl. Fa;rm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, hay, peas, alfalfa, clover, potatoes, cane, sorghum, nuts, pecans, cattle, ho.rse.s, mules, :hogs, sheep, poultry, bees.. Manufactures: Cotton mills, cotton oil mills, fertili zer plants, mining company, gold and pyrites. Average altitude, 1,100 feet. Average value f arm land per acre, $9.74.

CATOOSA County, 7,993; Ringgold, 500; a;rea, squ are miles, 171; tax a b 1e property, $1,478,753. Farm products : Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, potatoes, hay, peaehes, apples, grapes, berries. Minerals: Sand, limestone, iron, gold. Average altitude, 1,500 f eet. Average value farm land p er acr e, $10',

G'EORGIA , "WHIT'E ROCK. ''

ORA:RLTON County, 6,500; Folkston, 500; area, . 300 square miles; ta.xable

pro-petty, $1,1500,000. Fa.rm product~: Cotton, corn, hay, m~lons, peaehes, pears,
fi:iiitsj 'p~e,a:ns, ro,ooo h~g&, 6,ooo ettttle; 4,500 sheep anrl, 1;oop golits: M-i,ntih.:eliiires :

Sitw lllills, tufpentine stills, grist mills, bottling works. Average :iJtitude,: SO feet.

A-verage . valttefairm .land per aere, $20.

'

CA-'i'1J.AM County, 71,000; SavaniUI!h, 65,100; area, 427 11quare miles; ta.xabie
pr~perty '$43~669,.811. Farm products: Truck fo.r market, figs, peara, .peeans.
MaJ:lu'factures: 150. plants, capital invested, $18,000,000; 'annual value products, $37,000,000. .;Average altitude, 25 feet. Aver:age land v;alue, $30 'per acre.

87

SCENES ON OATLAND ISLAND, ONE OF THE BEAUTIFUL SPOTS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST, NEAR SAVANNAH.
CHATTAHOOCHEE County, 5,700; Cusseta., 350; area., 180 square miles; taxable property, $1,13-9,225. Farm products: Corn, cotton, oats, peas, cane,
peaches, pecans, cattle and hogs, Average altitude, MO feet. Average value farm
la.nd per acre, $6.
CHATTOOGA County, 15,119; Summerville, 789; area, square miles, 326; taxable property, $3,558,874; Farm produds: Cotton, oorn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, 'hay, vegetables, berries, peaches, apples. Minerals: Iron, bauxite, e!oay, manganese, coal, slate, tale, sandstone. Manuf.aetures: Cotton mills. Altitude, 2,000 feet. Average v'alue farm land>}ler acre, $12.
CHEROKEE County, 16,661; Canton, 2,500; taxable property, $3,846,000. Farm products: Oorn, cotton, oats, whe'at, peaches, apples, peanuts, live stock: Manufaetures: Cotton mill, oil mills, marble plants, gold and pyrites. Average altitude, 1,000 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
CLARKE County, 23,273; Athens, 20,500; area, 120 square miles; taxable property, $13,0M,O>OO. Farm products: Cotton, grain, apples, peaches, pecans, live stock. Manufactures: Lumber, cotton mille, oil mills, fertilizer, knitting, plows. Aver,age altitude,' 800 feet. Average land value, $40 per ac.re.
CLAY County, 8,960; Fort Gaines, 1,320; area, 216 square miles; taxable property, $1;673,281. Farm products: Cotton, ,corn, peas, beans, hay, peaches, pecans. Manufactures; Oil inills and grist mills. Average altitude, 400 feet. A.,verage value farm land per acre, $12.
CLAYTON County, 12,262; Jonesboro, 1,093; area, square miles, 142; taxable prope.rty, $2,178,043. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, Tye, sugarcane, potatoes, hay, peaches, apples, berries, melons. Minerals: Asbestos. Manufactures: Many small manufacturing plants. Average altitude, 1,0'00 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.
CLINCH C'ounty, 9,000; Homerville, 52.5; area, square miles, 1,077; taxable property, $2,2,85,297. Farm produets: Sea Island cotton, corn, sugarcane, potatoes, tobaooo, peaches, berries, pecans and vegetables. Avwage altitude, 80 feet. AveNLge value farm land per aere, $1().
COBB County, 30,000; Marietta. 7,000; area. 341 square miles; taxable property, $9,00(),00!>. Farm products : Oorn, cotton, grain, potatoes, peaches, apples, dairies, cattle and hogs for market. Manufactures: Ootton mills, marble,
88

chairs, oil miiis, paper, fertit!ize-ts. Average aitl.tuiie, 1,100 feet. Average vaiue pel'

acre, $27.50.

..

COFFEE County, 2fi,OOO; Do11glas, 5,000; area 920 square miles.; taxable property, $5,170,334, Farm products: Corn, oats, cotton, cane, peas, potatoes, vegetables, :tobacoo, cattle,sheep and hogs. Manufactures: Lumber and naval stores,. feT~ilizer plant. Average altitude, 2()0 feet. Average value of farm land per llicre, $15 to $20.
COLQUITT County, 21,593; Moultrie, 5,000; area, 550 square miles; taxable prope.rtyJ , $6,500,0{),0. l!"Mm products: Cot,~O:n, ,g~rii;,, lane, oats, alfalfa, peaches,
pecaJJs, <~ery large live stock indust~ry, "p!t~c!J8:iif.Y' ~<::lttle and hogs, 14,0{}0 head killed for packing house in 3 months. Manulit1%ures~ ' Cotton mills, packing plant,
barrel factory, mattress: Average altitude, 600 feet. Average value per acre, $27.50.
COLUMEIA County, 13,211; Appling, 205; area, squa;re miles, 306; taxable property, . $1,727,673. Fllirm products: Gom, eotton, wheat, {J>ats, peanuts, hay, peaches, apples, melons, ber.ries, vegetables. Minerals: Gold and 'clay. Average altitude, 600 feet. Average value farm land pe-r acre, $10.
COWETA Oounty, 30,125; Newna.n, 6,271; area, square miles, 443; taxablet property, $7,714,2.68. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, peanuts, hay, apples, peaches, vegetables, melons. Minerals: Gold and granite. !Manufactures: Several latge manufacturing plants. Average altitude, 1,100 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $14.
CRAWFORD County, 9,417; Knoxville, 300; area, square miles, 334; taxable prop_erty, $1,545,971. Farm products: Cotton, coTn, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugarcane, hay, peaches, apples, pears; benies, melons, vegetables. Minerals: Clay products. Average altitude, 375 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $14.
ORIS-P County, 18,500; Cordele, 7,000; area, 269 square miles; taxable property, $4,910,999. Farm products: Cotton, corn. Manufadu.res: Ootton, oil mills and general. manufactures. Average altitude 250 feet. Average value farm lands per acre, $2'5.
DADE County, 4,360; Trenton, 222; area, 188 square miles; taxable propertl'!1 $2,16S,i~7. :F1arm products: Corn, wheat, oats, hay, sweet and Irish potatoeS; Miner~; C~a1 and iTon. Ave-rage altitude, 1,5{).{} feet. Average value farm lands ~r acre, $25.
:DA~SON County, n,i25; Dawsonville, 213; area, square miles, 209; taxable
property, $94.9,581. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, sorghum, apples, peaches, vegetables, hardw{lods. Minerals: Gold. Average altitude, l,700 feet. Average_value farm land per acre, $10.
DECATUR County, 35,000; Bainbridge, 6,000; 11-rea., 823 square miles; taxable property, $9,076,0{)0. Farm products: Cotton, tobacco, corn, cane, oats, hay, pecans, pears and peaches, 35,000 head of 'cattle, also horses .and mules, swine 55,000. head, also sheep and goats and poultry, bees. Manufactures: Oil mills, lumber, turpentine. Average altitude, 250 feet. Average farm land value, $17.80 per acre.

89

GROWING SUMATRA TOBACCO UNDER SHADE, DECATUR COUNTY.
DEKALB County, 3fi,OOO; Decatur, fi,300; taxable property, $11,73S,170. Farm produc;ts: Dairying, poultry, truck, fruit, cattle. Manufactures: Big granite quarries at Stone Mountain, cotton and flour mills, foundries, mac;hine shops, oil mills. Average altitude, 1,050 feet. Average V'alue farm !~and per acre, $35.
DODGE County, 26,350; Eastman, 3,750; area, 495 square miles; ta-xable property, $5,907,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, potatoes, grain, hay, melons, peaches, pears, pecans, live stock. Manufactures: Oil mi'U, ootton mill, fertilizer plants. Average altitude, 350 feet. Average value farm land per a-cre, $20.
DOOLY County, 20,000; Vienna, 2,000; area, 432 square miles; ta-xable property, $1,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, grain, cane, potatoes, peaches, apples, grapes and pecans, horses, mules, hogs, 0attle, goats. Manufactures: Cotton mills, oil mills, planing mills. Average altitude, 250 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $25.
DOUGHERTY County, 16,03fi; Albany, 12.000; area, 343 square miles; ta-xable property, $8,500,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, hay, potatoes, pecans, melons, hogs, cattle. Manufactures: 43 manufacturing plants, inc;luding lumber, feed, c;otton seed products and ootton mills. Average altitude, 2.00 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $22.
DOUGLAS County, 9,438; Douglasville, 1,623; area, square miles, 212; ta-xable property, $2.,157,386. Hardwoods. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, :hay, peaches, apples, meions, berries, vegetables. Average altitude, 1,0010 feet. Average value farm land per aCI!'e, $10.
EARLY County, 20,000; Blakely, 2,250; area, 515 square miles; taxable property, $5,500,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, hay (1914 cotton crop approximate 2'8,000 bales), hogs and cattle limited. Manufactures: One cotton seed oil mill, lumber mills. Average altitude, 350 feet. Average value fllll'm land per acre, $15 to $20.
90

EOHOLS C_ounty, 3,309; Statenville, 350; area, 365 square milesi taxable
property, $814,614. Farm products: Corn, cotton, cane, potatoes, pecans, peaches, apples, pears, live stock, cattle, hogs. Manufactures: T"nrpentin~, saw mills.
Av61'age' -altitude, 123 feet. Average value, $5 per acre.

E:FF1NGHAM County, 9,971; Springfield, 525; area, 419 square miles; taxable property, $2,564,72{;. Farm products: Cotton, corn, p~aches, apples, pecans, peas.
Aver-age altitude, 45 feet. Average value fa-rm land per .acre, $10.

ELBERT County, 24,125; Elberton, 6,485; area, 364 square miles; taxable property, $4,167,00{). Farm products: Ootton, corn, wheat, Qats, hay, peaches, some Jive stodc Manufactures: Ootton mills, oil mill, granite quarries, o-ther mann facturing plants. Average .altitude, 750 feet. Average value 'arm land per acre, $20.

EMANUEL County, 25,0QO; Swainsboro, 2,000; area, 770 square miles; taxable property, $4,500,{)00. Farm products: Cotton, corn, grain, cane, hay, peaches, !\'rapes, pecans, cows and hogs. Manufactures: Cotton gins, oil mills, saw mills, turpentine plants. Average altitude, 300 feet. Average value farm land per ~ere, $20.

EVANS County, 11,348; Claxton, 1,200; taxable property, $1,850,000. F~rm products: C'<>rn, cotton, cane, potaroes, oats, hay, cattle, hogs and sheep. This is one of the newly established counties and is ra]}idly growing in prosperity. Average altitude, 350 feet. Average value farm lands per acre, $20.

FANN'IN County, 12,574; Blue Ridge, 1,000; area, 390 squaremiles; taxable property, $2,0"67,3:24., F,arm products: Corn, rye, wheat, Irish and sweet potatoes, oats, apples, peaches, live stock. Manufactures: Pure food mills. Av{)rage altitude, 1,800 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $20.
:rAYETTE County, 10,600; Fayetteville, 1,050; area, 215 square Jililes; taxable
propeity, $1,(!00,000. Farm products: C'orn, cotton, o~ts, peas, potatoes, wheat,
hay, apples, peaches, 2,000 hog~, -1;800 cows, other live stock. Manufactu-res: Oil mill, fertilizer plants. Average- altitude, 1,100 feet. Average value farm land per acr,e, $35.

FLOYD County, 45.,000; Rome, 14,900; area, 502 square miles; taxable property, $15,244,5-68. Farm products: Cotton, grain, apples; peaches, pecans, cattle, horses, mules, hogs, gQats. Manufactures: 75 manufacturing plants, in-cluding agricultural implements, cotton goods, marble, fe,rtilizers, cooperage, wagons, stoves, lumber, etc., bauxite ~and iron ore mines. Avera.ge altitude, 680 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.80.

FORSYTH County, :1,2,000; Cumm.intg, 5,000; area, 252 square miles; taxable

property, $2,000,000~ Farm products: C<>ttop, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, apples,

peac:he:s, pears, pecans, live stock. Manufacture's: Oil mills, fertilizers, gold mines.

Average altitude, 154 feet. Avemge value farm land per acre, $9,



FRANKLIN County, 16,500; Carnesville, 400; area, 225 square miles; taxable property, $2,S56,216. FMm products: Oorn, wheat, 'cotton, oats, potatoes, hay, peaches, apples, grapes, peeans, live stock. Manufactures: 15 manufacturing plants. . Average altitude, 1,700 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $12.

FULTON County, 250,000; Atlanta, 200,000; area, 174 square miles; t~able propecrty, $132,396,200. Fa..rm products: Cotton, wrn, . hay, .vegetables, peaches, app1es, pecans, pure bred live stock. There are between :five and six hundred manufacturing plante located in Fulton County, making as many different kinds of articles. These include :products ,of iron, steel, - fertilizers, cotton oil, farm implements, engines, household articles of eveTy nature and description, .an.d even as small a thing -as :fish hooks. Av~rage altitude, 1,0'50 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $_50.
Gilmer Cunty, 9,257; Ellijay, 629; area, 450 square miles; t~able property, .$1,2.50,000. FM'm products: Oorn, .rye, peas, potatoes, apples, cattle over .5,0{)0 head. Manufactu:res: Lumber mills, mines, . marble and iron mines. Average altitude, 1,40'0 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $25.
GLASCOCK County, 4,200; Gibson, 400; area, 330 square miles; tax~l~ property, $670,000, Farm products: Corn cotton, hay, wheat, oats. Altitude, 50:0 feet. Average Vlalue farm land per acre, $iO.
GLYNN County, 14,317; Brunswick, 10,182; area, 439 square miles; tax~~>ble property, $6,590,000. Faxm products: Cereals, grains, yams, garden truck, cattle, hogs. Manuf&ctucres: Twenty-six manufacturing pl:ants, investment, $1,645,000, principally naval stores and lumber. Average altitude, 25 .feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
BRUNSWICK, GA.-SHIPPING SCENE AT ATLANTA, BIRMINGHAMANU . ATLANTIC R. R. TERMINALS.
GORDON County, 15,861; Calhoun, 2,5()0; area, about 400 square miles; taxable property, $4,250,269. Farm products.: Wheat, pate; cocrn, , cotton,..nuts, cattle, horses, Jersey pigs, Essex -hogs. Manufa ctures: B;ick plants, cotton mill, oil and fertilizer mill, lumber plant, iron ore mine. Ave-rage altitude, 1,600 feet . .A-verage value .arm land peor aCire, $25.
GR<A!)Y county, 20,000; Cairo, 2,000; area, 452 square Uliles; ta.:x:able property, $3,5,001000. Fa-rm pro-ducts: Cotton, corn, potatoes, cane, tobaceo,-: ~rli~t. live stock. Manufactures: Ba:nrel factories, syrup refinery. Average altit~<le, 324 feet. Av~rage vahw farm lands, $20 per aere.
92

GREENE County, 19,000; Greensboro, 2,000; area, 361 square miles; taxable property, $3,30(),634. Farm products: Cmn, cotton, grain, hay, fruit, truck, pecans, ~ive stock including registered J-e.rseys and race horses, dairy products. Manu factures: Cotton, yarn, bosiea-y, cotton seed oil, brick, lumber. Average altitude, 625 feet. Average .valu-e farm lands, $12.50 per a0re.
GWINNET.T Oounty, 28,827; Lawrenceville, 1,518; area, 438 square miles; taxable property, $'5,975,683. Fll!rm products: Cotton, COrn, grain, peaches, apples, fruits, berries, cattle, chickens. Manufactures: Cotton mills, harness, tanning, horse collars (shop said t() be largest in world). Average altitude, 1,400 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $8.50.
HABER.SHAM County, 12,500; Clarksville, 600; area, 283 square miles; taxable propCII'ty, $2,650,619. Farm products: Corn, hay, cotton, ~ain, potatoes, a;pples, peaches, cherries, cattle, ho.rses, mules, bogs. M!anu:factures: Oil; mills, saddles, novelties1 lumber pi-ants, -asbestos mines. Altitude average, 1,5~ feet. Average farm land value, $35 per acre.
CATTLE GRAZING ON THE BEAUTIFUL "HILLS OF HABERSHAM.':
HALL County, 28,644; Gainesville, 6,575; area, square miles, 449; taxablb property, $8,485,780. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, bays, apples, peaches, melons, :figs, berries, hardwoods, gold, granite, building stones, brick, clay, lead and silver. Manuf>actures: Two large cotton mills, oil mills and othea-s. Average altitude, 1,600 feet. Average value; farm land per acre, $15.
HANCOCK County, 20,000; Sparta., 2,500; area, 523 square miles; taxable property, $3,2001000. Farm products: Corn, cotton, grain, fruits, nuts, live stock and garden truck. Manufadurefl: Flour, oil and other mills, also chalk mines. Average altitude, 550 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.
HARAI.SON County, 15,000; Buchanan, 900; area, 284 square miles; taxable property, $2,874,131. Farm products: Cotton, eOO'n, wheat, oats, peaches, apples, plums, good stock raising section. Manufactures: Cotton mills, gold mines. AveTage altitude, 1,200 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15 to $17.50.
HARRIS County, 18,942; Hamilton, 800; area., square miles, 486; taxable property, $3,415,235. F.arm products: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, cane, potatoes, hays, apples, peaehes, melons, berries. Average altitude, 680 feet. Average value f1um land per acre1 $15.

HART Count~, 16,216; Hartwell, 2,007; area, 246 square miles; taxable p.rope,rty, $2,301,3.68. Farm products: Corn, cotton, hay, grain, potatoes, peaches, apples, fruits. an~d nuts. MJanuf&ctures: Cotton mills, oil mills, by-products. Average altitude, 750 feet. Average value farm land pe,r acre, $30.
HEARD County, 14,000; Franklin, 375; area, 400 squ.ue miles; taxable property, $1,500,000. F&rm products: Cotton and grain. Manufactures: Oil mill. Average altitude, 70() feet. Average value fail'm land, $12.50 per acre.
HENRY County, 20,000; McDonough, 900; area, 337 square miles; taxable property, $3,500,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, peache,s, apples. Manufactures: Yarn, fertilizer, knit underwear. Average altitude 900 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $30'.
HOUSTON County, 23,609; Perry, 1,000; taxable property, $4,598,966. Farm products: Cotton, corn, peas, hay, peaches, pecans, apples, ~horses, mules, cows and hogs. Manufactures: Woolen mills, cotton mills, foundry. Average altitude, 475 feet. Average value farm land pe'r aere, $25.
Part of a Habersham County apple tree. Count the apples. They are like those in the barrel.
94

compresses, knittin.g mill, -crate factory, bauxite mines. Average altitude, 460 feet. Average value farm land, $10 per acre.
MADISON County, 16,851; Da.nielville, 32&; area, 284 square miles; taxable property, $2,39-5,930. Farm products: Oorn, cotton, grain. Manufactures: OH and guano. Average altitude, 800 feet. Average value l-and per acre, $30.
MARION County, 10,000; Buena Vista,. 1,250; area, 360 square miles; taxable property, *1,876,455. Farm products: Cotton, coTn, lhay, -cane, potatoe31 oats, peaches, f-ruit, nuts, hog .and cattle raising small but increasing. Manufactures: Fertilizers, turpentine, saw mills, coffins. Average altitude, 500 feet. Average value fa~rm land per .acre, $10.
McDUFFIE County, 11,875; Thomson, 2,340; area, square miles, 2&8; taxable property, $2,256,295. Farm products: Gotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, cane, hays, vegetables of all kinds, pooches, apples, watermelons, cantaloupes. .Minerals: gold, clay. Average altitude, 600 feet. Average value farm land per aca-e, $12.
MciNTOSH County, 7,000; Darien, 1,500; area, 400 square miles; taxabl~ property, $1,250,000. :F1arm products: Gorn, rice, potatoes, peas, cane, cotton and all kinds of truck, pears, peaches and other fruits,. pecans, cattle, hog.s, sheep. Manufactures: B-rick plant, porch and swing factory, handle factory, saw and planing mills, ice and electric plants. Average altitude, 25 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
MERIWETHER County, 27,000; Greenville, 1,&00; area, &45 square miles; taxable property, $4,800,000. Fa.rm products: Cotton and corn; apples, peaches, peooDJS. Manufactures.: Gotton mills, oil mills, iron mines. Average altitude, 800 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.
MILLER County, 9,000; Colquitt, 600; area., 275 square , miles; taxable property, $2,6'06,884. Frurm products: Cotton, corn, potatoes, hay, grain, cane, hogs, -cow:s, goats, live sto-ck developing. M;anufactures: 8-aw mills, turpentine plant, limestone. Average altitude,, 250 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10; some as high as $75.
MILTON County, 8,645; Alpharetta, 523; area, 147 square miles; taxable property, $1,3134,915. :F1arm products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, potatoes, hay, apples, peaches, melons. Minerals: Mica, granite. Hardwoods. Average altitude, 1,100 feet. Average vaJue farm land per acre, $15.
MITC'H:&LL County, 30,000; Camilla, 2,500; area 503 square mdles; taxable property, $6,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, oorn, yams, mel(}ns, hogs, cattle. Manuf.actures: Oil mills, fertilizer plants, co~presses, bottling plants. Average altitude 700 feet. Average value f.arm land per acre, $25.
MONROE County, 21,000; Forsyth, 2,100; area, 480 square miles; taxable property, $3,547,550. Farm products: Cotton, !COrn, oats, peaehes, pecans. Manu factur-eS': Tlhree cotton mills, one milli:J;~g company, oil mills, fertilizer plant. Average altitude, 750 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
MONTGOMERY County, 19,638; Mount Vernon, 700; area., 375 square miles; taxable property, $2,63'7,2'50. Farm products: Corn, cotton, potatoes, cane, oats and hay, peaches, pe.cans, grapes. Average altitude, 1fl5 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $20.
97

MORGAN County, 20,000; Madison, 2,500; area, 272 square miles; taxable property, $4,500,000. :F1arm products: Cotton, corn, hay, grain, live stock small. Manuf:a<>tures: Cotton mill, oil mill\ fertilizer plant. Av&age altitude, 700 feet. Ave:rage value land per acre, $20, some a s high as $100.
MUltRAY County, 9,763; Cihatsworth, 700; area, 352 square miles; taxable property,-$2.,021,620. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, hay, appies, peaches, pears, grapes, cattle and hogs. Manuf.:wtures: Lumber, excelsior, flour mills. Talc and gold. Average altitude, 1,700 feet. Average value farm land per tllcre, $25.
MUSC'OGEE County, 36,227; Columbus, 20,554; area, 255 square miles; taxable property, $24,748,559. F'arm products: Cotton, grain, hay, vegetables, diLiry products, poult ry, eggs, peaches, value of live .stock, poultry. and bees $325,000. Manufactures: 103 plants, including textile, fertilizer, foundri es, agricultural implements, hydroelectric powers, etc. Over 200 different .articles manufactured. Investment approximately $10,000,D-OO. Average altitude, 2.62 feet. Average value farm land per :ac:re, $.20.
NEWTON County, 19,000; Covington, 3,000; area, 259 square miles: taxable pmpe.rty, $9,500,000. F'arm products: Cotton, co;rn, grain, hay, .Jive stock including Herefords :and fine J:Jog~s. Manufactures: Cotton mills, oil mills, fertilizer plants, total value, $1,000>,000. Average altitude, 700 feet. Average land value, $25 per acre.
OCONEE County. 11,000; Watkinsville, 600; area, 172 square miles; taxable property, $1,989,973. Farm products: Cotton, corn, hay, grain, melons, peaches, nuts, three stock farms, hogs and cattle. Manufactures: Cotton mills. Average altitude, 800 feet. Average value farm land per a c:re, $1D-.
OGLETHORPE Oounty, 20,000; Lexington, 700; area, 490 square miles; taxable property, $2,723,5.36. Farm products: C()tton, .corn, w:he31t. oats. peas, hay. Manufactures: CQtton mills, oil mills, fertilizer plants, furniture factory. Average altitude, 7.95 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $20.
iPAULDING County, .14,000; Dallas, 1,500; area, 360 square miles; taxable property, $2,7'00,000. Farm products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, potatoes, peaches, apples, pecans, 500 ,head cattle. Manufactures: C'otton mills, hosiery mills, grist mills, lumbeir apd planing mills, gold, iron, copper. Avera ge 'altitude, 1,0150 feet. Average value farm !:and .per acre, $30.
PICKENS County, 9,041; Jasper, 350; .area, 241 square miiles; taxable property, $1,500,000.. Farm products: Oorn, .cotton, potatoes, wheat, cane, oats, apples, peaches. 'ManufactUTes: E'Xltensive marble and qua,rry w:o,rks, total invested, $4,500,{)(}0. Average altitude, 1,500 feet . Av~rage value land per acre, $30.
PIEROE County, 12,500; Blackshear, 1,487; area, 550 square miles; taxable property, $3,959,297. Farm products: S.ea Isi:and :COtton, co.rn, sweet potatoes. Manufactures: Guano factory. Average altitude, 87 feet. Average value faJrm land per acre, $5 to $60.
PIKE County, 21,325; Zebulon, 723; area, square miles, 294; taxable property, $4,1:29,056. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, hay, apples, pe'a<?hes, melons, vegetables. Hardwoods. Manufactmes: Cotton oil mill, buggies aild wagons and others. Average altitude, 7DO feet. Average value farm }and per acre, $12.
98

POLK County, 20,203; Cedartown, 6,000; area, 29 2 square miles; taxable property, $1,665,000. FaTm products: Cotton and corn, fruits, peaches, dairy farms. Manufactua"es: Several cotton mills, cement plants, planing, box and lumber mills, oil mills, fertilizer works, iron mills. Av erage altitude, 1,000 feet. Average value farm land pe'r acre, $10.

PULASKI County, 22,835; Hawkinsvine, 4,.500; area, 225 square miles; taxable property, $3,231,880. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, peas, potatoes, alfalfa, clover, pecans, peaches, some hogs. Manufactures: Cotton mill, brick yard, ice plant, cotton oil mills, ginneries, cotton compress, saw mill, fertilize'f plants, white hickory axe handle factory. Average altitude, 350 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $30.

Home of George Walton, one of the Sig>ners, and monument to Signers
of the Declaration of Independ-
ence, Augusta, G>..

PUTNAM County, 13,876; Eatonton, 2,000; area, 350 square miles; taxable property, $3,078,837. Farm products: Cotto n, earn, potatoes and all kinds of vegetables, cattle, live stock, pecans, peaches. Manufactures: Cotton mills, cotton oil mill, grain mill, canning fa ctory, dairy. Average altitude, 700 feet. Av erage val ue farm land per acre, $20.
QUITMAN County, 4,600; Georgetown, 500; are"', 272 square miles; taxable property, $692,390. Farm products: Cotton, -corn, potatoes, peanuts, -oats, wheat, cane, peaches, pecans, hogs, cattle. Average altitude, 410 feet. Ave-rage value farm land per acre, $15.
RABUN County, 5,562; Clayton, 600; area 344 square miles; taxable property, $1,388,000. Frurm products: Corn, grain, potat oes, bay, especially appl es, grapes, berries. Manufactua-es: Great T'aJlulah Falls powe!r plant of Georgia Railway & Power Go., asbestos, gold and mica mines. Ave rage altitude, 2,200 feet. Ave1age v~lue land per ac.re, $6. Best bottom land sells at $75 an acre and more.
RANDOLPH County, 19,000; Cuthbert, 3,400; area of square miles, 476; taxable property, $3,502-,725. Frurm products: Cotton, corn, -oats, hay, peaches and pecans. Manufactures: Oil mills, fertilizer pl ants, harn ess f actory, grist miUs, 20 saw mills. Average a ltitude, 400 feet. Average value fa1m la nd per a cre, $15.
RICHMOND County, 72,000; Augusta, 55,500; taxable property, $30,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, grain, hay, garden truck, live Stock. -Manufacture-s: 96 manufacturing plants, including big cotton mills, lumber mil1s, brick yards, foun dries, and kaolin beds. Average altitude, 273 feet. Average value far m land peT acre, $10 to $100.
99

ROCKDALE County, 9,875: Conyers, 2,350; area, square miles, 121; taxable property, $2,347,069. Farm products: Corn, eotton, wheat, oats, hay, potatoes, su gar 0ane, apples, peaches, melons, berries. Minerals: Granite in large quantities. Manufactures: Granite quarries, oil mills'. Average altitude, 90.0 feet. Average value farm land per aere, $12.
SCHLEY County, 5,499; Ellaville, 700; area, 188 square miles; taxable property, $1,383,270. Farm pr.oducts: Cotton. Manufactures: Guano. Average altitude 400 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
S>OREVEN County, 22,550; Sylvania, 1,550; area, square miles, 654; taxable pl'operty, $3,479,412. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, rice, sugarcane, potatoes, hay, peaches, apples and other fruits. Average altitude, 250 feet. Av erege value farm land per acre, $15.
SPALDING County, 21,000; Griffin, 12,000; area, 209 square miles; taxable propr erty, $5,842,051. Farm products: Cotton, grain, hay, apples, peaches, pecans, over
Some of Georgia's Waterfalls.

D
Cane Creek Falls, near Dahlonega, Lumpkin County.
100

Toccoa Falls; Stephens County, 136 feet high; highest falls east of the Rockies.

4,000 cattle; over 4,000 hogs, over 2,0{)0 mules, over 500 horses. Manufactures: Cotton. mill . products, cotton seed products, vehicles. Avernge altitude, 1,000 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $35.
STEPHENS Oounty, 7,500; Tocooa., 3,500; area, 1.71 square miles; taxable property, $3,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, grain, peaches, apples, cattle and hogs: Manufactures: Oottmi mills, furniture, cotton compresses, oil mills, foundries. Average 'altitude, 1,055 feet. Average farm land value, $30 per acre.
STEWART County,15,000; Lumpkin, 1,100; area, 444 square miles; taxable property, $3,Q>82,42,7. Farm products: '.cotton, corn, peas, cane, oats, potatoes, peaches, pears, apples, nuts., hogs, cattle, horses, muleB, goats. Average altitude, 600 feet. Avel'age value farm land per acre, $1().
S~TBR County, 32,000; Americus, 10,000; .area, 456 square miles, about 180,000 in inlJ>roved ifarms; taxable propert;r, $8.,489,060. :F1arm prod,ucts: Cotton, corn, syrup, grain/ potatoes; fruit, truck, pecans; .exceptionally well adapted for live. stock : production. Manufactures: Oil mills, fertilizer plants, t'hree door, sash and blind factories, and many minor manufacturing enterprises, Average altitude, , 3'60 feet. Average value of farm lattds, $15 an acre.
TALBOT County,13,175; Talbotton; 1,325; area, square .miles, 407; taxable prop. etty, $1,885,309. Farm products: bOrn, oats, ebtton, ~heat, hays, rye, potatoes, pe-aches, ap!>les, sugarcane. Average altitude, 600 feet. Average value farm 1and per acre, $12.
. '
'l'ALJ:AFBRRO County, 9,812; Crawfordville, 785; area, square miles, 198; taxable property, $1,324,265. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, hays, rye, potatoea, fruits and ve-getables. Average altitude, 600 feet. Average value farm land per a0re, $12.
TATTNALL Coun-t;y,13,000; Reid!lville, 500; area, 440 square miles; taxabie prop_ erty, $3,620,000. Farm pro4uctsi: Oorn, cotfon,. cane, potatoes, oatB, hay, peaches, pecans, cattle, hogs and sheep. Average altitude, 275 feet. Average land value per rucre, $25.
TAYLOR, C'ounty,ll,OOO; Butler, 800; area, 338 square miles; taxable properly; $1,111,000. Farm produc-ts: Ootton, eo.rn, oats, wheat, peaches. Manufactures: Fertilizer plants; cotton f\Lctories, kaolin works. Average altitude, 636 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $6.
TELFAIR County, 15,475; McRae, 1,340; area, square miles, 412; taxable property, $3,879,355. Farm products: Oorn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, hays, potatoes, sugarcane, peaches, apples, berries, fruits and vegetables. Manufactures: Lumber, nayal stores, cotton seed oil and other,s. Avercage altitude, 325 feet. Average value fwrm land per acre, $12.
TERRELL County, 24,115; Dawson, 4,125; area, square miles, 340; taxable 'property, $4,041,480, Far:~w products: Corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, 'hays, potatoes, sugarcane, apples, . ,pemc~~s,> mel9ns, berries, other fruits and vegetables. Manufactures: Lumbecr,: ll:aval storils, cotton seed oil and others. Average altitude,
350 feet. Average ~valu~ , fatm land p&r acre, $15.
THOMAS County, 29,100; Thomasville, 6,730; area, 530 square miles; taxable property, $9,369,000. Farm 'products: Corn, cotton, oats,_ potatoes, cane, rye, melons, fruits,, and nuts, live stock. Average altitude, 35o feet. Ave!Tage value farm land per acre, $15.
101

TIFT County, 15,000; Tifton, 3,500; area, 310 square miles; taxable property, $5,000,000. Farm products : Cotton, co.rn, oats, potatoes, rice, peaches, pea,rs, pecans, blooded cattle and hogs. Manufactures: Fertilizer, cotton oil, lumber and saw mills, agricultural implements, cotton factory. Average altitude, 327 feet. Average value fa,rm land per acre, $25.
TOOMBS County, 14,000; Lyons, 1,200; area, 358 square miles; taxable property, $4,000,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, potatoes, cane, peaches, grapes, pecans. M'anufactU<res: Fertilizers, gins, sash, doors and blinds; saw mills, Average altitude, 3010 feet. Aver age value farm. land per acre, $20.
STRAWBERRY CULTIVATION ON INTEKSIVE LINES HAS YIELDED AS MUCH AS $2,000 TO THE ACRE IN GEORGIA.
TOWNS County, 4,000; Hiawassee, 300; area, 100 square miles; taxable property , $'725,000. Farm products: Corn, wheat, rye and oats, apples, peaches, live stock. Average altitude, 1,600 feet. Average value, farm land per acre, $30.
TROUP County, 26,228; LaGrange, 11,000; area, 435 square miles; taJ!:able property, $8,209,0{)0. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, and hay, extensive hog industry, cattle, mules and horses. Manufactures: Seven cotton mills, investment, $3,500,000. Average altitude, 800 feet. Average farm land value per acre, $20.
PLOWING BY GASOLINE POWER ON BIG TROUP COUNTY FARM.
102

TURNER County, 12,175; Ashburn, 2,400; a.rea, squa.re miles, 326; taxable property, $3,137,155. Farm products: Corn, wheat, cotton, oats, hay, rye, potatoes, sugareane, peacoos, 11pples, plums, berries, and other fruits, melons. Manufactures: Lumber, turpentine, cotton seed oil and others. Average altitude, 300 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.
1"WIGGS County, 10,736; Jeffersonville, 1,000; area, 42;3 square miles; a.nwunt of taxable property, $1,633,556. Farm products: Oorn, cotton, oats, wheat, hay, oone, rye, apples, peach:es, pecans, live stock, including cattle, goats, hogs, horses, mules. Manufactures: Lumber, refining clay, kaolin. Average altitude, 470 feet. Average value lan.d per acre, $12.
UNION County, 8,000; Blairsville, 200; ta.xable property, $1,000,000. .Farm products: Oorn, wheat, oats, rye, truck, apples, peaches, grapes, live stock, including sheep. Average altitude, 2,0:00 feet. Average value land per acr.e, $10.
UPSON C'ounty, 12,757; Thomaston, 1,645; taxable property, $3,023,019. Farm products: Oorn, cotton, hay, grain, peaches, pecans, live stock. M.anufa-ctures: Cotton mills and cotton seed products, iron, mica. Average altitude, 700 feet. Average value of land per acre, $20.
WALKER C'ounty, 19,564; LaFayette, 2,160; area, 432 square Illliles; taxable property, $4,500,000. Fwrm products:, Gotton, corn, grain, hay, potatoes, fruits and nuts, large number horses, mules, swine, cattle, sheep. Manufactures: Three cotton mills, tiling, tinne:ry, woolen mill, and other plants; coal mines, iron. ore and bauxite. Average altitude, 2,000 feet. Average value f:arm land per acre, $25.
WALTON County, 28,000; Monroe, 4,000; area, 366 squa.re Illliles; taxable property, $4,000,000. Farm pi'oducts: Cotton, co.rn. Manufactures: Three cot ton mills, five oil mills, five fertilizer plants. Average altitude, 825 feet. Average value farm land per ac'l'e, $35.
WARE County, 27,665; Waycross, 18,134; a.rea, 804 square Illliles; taxable property, $7,641,231. Farm products: Corn, oats, potatoes, cane, tobacco, hay, cotton, truck; live stock, 1>6,000 head of cattle, 20,000 swine, sheep, horsee, mules, goats, etc. Manufactwres: 21 plants, capital invested, $250,000; products valued, $1,600,000. Average altitude, 137 fee~. Average value land per acre, $7.50.
WARREN County, 11,463; Warrenton, 1,300; area, 271 square miles; taxable property, $1,753,709. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, peas, potatoes, peaches, pecans, live stock. Average altitude, 500 feet. Average value farm l!and per acre, $15.
WASHINGTON County, 30,174; Sandersville, 2,830; area, square miles, 680; taxable property, $4,936,006. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, hay, potatoes, apples, pell!ches, ber~ies, watermerons, cantaloupes, and other fruits. Minerals: Pottery, clay and saudstone. Manufactures: Cotton oil mills, fertilizers and others. Average altitude, 475 feet. Average value farm 1!3-nd per acre, $15.
WAYNE County, 14,800; Jesup, 1,560; area, s.quare miles, 766; taxable prOP" .erty, $4,023.,885. Farm products: Sea Island 0otton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, hays, sugail'eane, potatoes, peaches, apples, melons, berries, other fruits and vegetables. Average altitude, 75 Jeet. Average value farm J.and per acre, $12.
WEBSTER County, 6,151; Preston, 259; area, 227 square miles; taxable property, $1,099,654. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, peas, cane, potatoes, apples, peaches, over 150,000 in live stock, saw mills. Average altitude, 325 feet. Average value of land per acre, $12.50.
103

NACOOCHEE VALLEY, WHITE COUNTY, AND LARGE HARDWOOD LUMBER MILL AT HELEN, AT TERMINUS OF GAINESVILLE & NORTHWESTERN R R.
WHEELER County, 20,000; Alamo, 700; area, 262 square miles; taxa.ble property, $3,000,000. Farm products: Corn, cotton, potatoes, hay, oats, rye, fruits, and nuts, considerable live stock. Manufactures: Guano factories and saw mills. Average altitude, 300 feet. Average value, f rurm land, $20 per acre,
WHITE Qo-Uty, 5,110; Clevelarid, 500; area, 241 square miles; taxable property, $1,3001000. F~m products: Corn, cotton, grain, potatoes, sorghum, apples, peabhe.s,, Jive stock. Manufactures: Saw milJls, principally hardwood, value $1,000,000; also gold and asbestos mines. Average altitude, 1,800 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.
WHITFIELD County, 18,000; Dalton, 5,600; area, 285 square IIl!iles; ta.xa.ble property, $5,000,000. Farm products; Cotton, co;rn, live stock, beef, cattle and dairy products, peaches, apples. Manufactures: Varied industries, 22 prants, including cotton and lumber. Average altitude, 1,500 feet. Ave;rage value farm land per acre, $18.
WILCOX County, '!3,446; Abbeville, 1,201; area, 400 square miles; taxable property, $3,107,205. Farm products : Cotton, corn, pecans, stock raising beginning. Manufactures: Sawmills, turpentine plants, ginneries. Average altitude, 240. feet. Average value farm land per acre, $30.
WILKES C'ounty, 26,000; Washington, 4,000; taxable property, $1,600,000. Farm products: Corn, hay, peas, oats, barley, cane, cotton, peaches, pears, quinces, grapes, apples, pecans, horses and hogs, poultry. Manufactures : Furniture; oil mills, g()ld and copper mines. Average altitude, 650 feet. Average value farm land per aC1'e, $25.
WILKINSON County, 12,000; Irwinton, 400; area, square miles, 431; taxable property, $1,742,331. Farm products: Ootto:t;~, corn, oats, wheat, rye, hays, sugareane, potatoes, apples, peaches, melons, berries, other fruits and vegetables. Minerals: Clays, limestone. Average altitude, 450 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $12.
WORTH County, 20,000; Sylvester, 3,000; area, 651 square miles; taxable property, $4,5.32,329. Farm products: Cotton, pecans, cantaloupes. Manufac tures: Cotton mills, fertilizer plants, oil mills. Average altitude, 200 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $20.
104
'.J..
. . ~. ;.;y._,~. ;.;J:~:

IRWIN County, 11,000; Ocilla, 2,500; taxable property, $2,921,221. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, potat oes, hay, fruit, live stock. Manufactures: Oil mills, saw mills. Average altitude, 300 feet. Avecr age value farm land per acre, $20.

JACKSON County, 24,000; Jefferson, 1,207; taxable property, $4,450,000. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, peas, peanuts, potatoes, sorghum, peaches, apples, pecans, pea:rs, horses, mules, cows, hogs, sheep. Manufactures : Cotton mills, oil mill s, gins. Average altitude, 1,000 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $30.

JASPER County, 16,552; Monticello, 1,580; area, 410 squa re mil es ; taxable property, $2,726,849. F arm products: Cotton, peaehes. Manufactures: lA1mber mills, bobbin spool factories, farm implements, oil and fe,rt ilizer plants. Average altitude, 683 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.

JEFF DAVIS County, 9,000; Hazlehurst, 1,500;

area, 325 square miles; taxable pxoperty, $1,906,755

Farm products: Cotton, cOJ:n, oat s, potatoes, cane,

Corn-100 bushels to the acre-Houston County.

peas, peaches, pecans, registered percherons, Berkshire and other blooded hogs, Jersey and Heref ord

cattle. Manufactures: Oil mills, brick yards, turpentine plant, planing mills, chair

f actories. Average a ltitude, 256 feet. Ave-rage value fa:rm la.nd per acre, $25.

JEFFERSON County, 23,225; Louisville, 1,283; area, square miles, 686 ; taxable property, $4,048,524. Farm products: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, hay, potatoes, peac:hes, apples, melons, ber.ries. Minerals: Limesto ne and marl. Average altitude, 350 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $15.

JENKINS County, 18,000; Millen, 2,030; area, 400 square miles; taxable fH"Operty, $2,0.62,498. Farm products: Cotton, cor n, cane , potatoes, oats, apples, peaches, plums, pecans, hay, hogs. Manufactures: Ootton f actory, fertilizer plant, ice plant, oil mill. Average altit ude, 300 feet. Average value fa.rm land per acre, $12.50.

JOHNSON County, 12,897; Wrightsville, 1,389; area, 215 square miles: taxable property, $2,3&2,!}01. Farm products: Cotton, corn, oats, cane, potatoes, peas, peaches and pears. Average altitude, 180 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $10.

JONES County, 13,103; Gra.y, 300; area, 401 square miles ; taxable property, $1,988,00.0. Farm products: Cotton, .corn, oats, peas and h ay, fruits, live stock. Manufactures: Cotton mills. Average altitude, 375 fee t. Value farm lan d per acre, $5 up to $100.

LAURENS County, 35,500; Dublin, 6,500; area, 808 square miles; taxable prope-rty, $8,582,000. Farm products: Ootton, corn, oats, potato es, cane, 4'5,000 swine ; milk cows. Manufa:ctures : Oil mills an d extensive general manufa ctu r es. Average altitude, 234 feet. Average value far m land per acr e, $~30.

95

ONE WAGON LOAD OF COTTON HAULED TO MARKET OVER GEORGIA SAND-CLAY ROADS.
LEE County, 15,000; Leesburg, 1,000; area, -436 square miles; taxable property, $3,042,259. Ji1a:rm products: Cotton, cwn, gu-ain, cane, hay, pecans, peaches, grapes, live .stock. Average altitude, 250 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $25.
LIBERTY County, 13,000; Hinesville, 200; area, 9.'\0 sqnare mile&; taxable property, $3,000,000. Frurm products: Corn, cotton, rice, pota.toes, oats, cane, peaches, figs, grapes, pecans, live stock. Manufactures: Lumber plant. Average altHude, 30 feet. Av-erage value farm land per acre, $8.
LINCOLN Cotmty, 9,625; Lincolnton, 480; area, squar() miles, 290; taxable property, $1,194,202. Hardwoo ds. Fa-rm products: Cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, potatoes, hays, peaches, apples, melons, berries. Minerals : Gold and granite. Average altitude, 700 fe et. Average value farm lan d per acre, $10.
LOWNDES County, 29,837; Valdogta, 14,473; area, 351 square miles; taxable property, $9,267,351. Farm products: Sea Island cotton, hay, grain, mel<Jns, vegetables, fruits, thoroughbred hogs and oottle, dairying. Manufactures: Fertilizers, cotton mills, oil mills, foundries, machinery, wagons, buggies, cigars. Average altitude, 120 fe et. Average value farm l::tnd per acre, $30.
LUMIPKIN County, 5,444; D~hlonega, 829; area, 282 square miles; taxable property, $1,400,000. Farm products: CO!ln, oats, cotton, wheat, potato es,_ apples, hay, peaches. Manufactures: Cotton gins, gold mines. Average altitude, 1,500 feet. Average value farm land per acre, $] 0.
MACON County, 15,020; Oglethorpe, 924; area, 750 square miles; taxable property, $3,265,000. Farm products: Corn, cotton, hay, peaches and p ecans (350 cars peaches shipped 1914); live stock valu ed $2,618,052. Manufactures: Oil mills,
96

GEORGIA

Offers limitless opportunities in all the varied fields of endeavor to the investment of brains, energy, capital- to one, to two or to a combination of the three.

r.======il AKE the world over and nowhere has agriculture shown quicker

rr or more generous response in profits to intelligent effort than in

.1. ~

Georgia soil. You may get from an acre of Georgia soil as much

\.
'--
t6~

as $3,000 in a single year-it has been done-if you put into it the intelligence, the labor and the capital; or, you may get as little as $25 by simply scratching the surface of the ground and

~

putting in the seed.

There is authentic record of a Pittsburgh man who had never seen a growing cotton plant, who came to Georgia and took off the first year a hale of cdton to the acre.

Truck-growing, grain and forage crops, cattle-raising, dairying, poultry, all ofl"er wealth here to the man who knows how.
You may build a factory almost anywhere within the limits of the State and find the raw material waiting on your doorstep ; find freight cars waiting on your own siding to transport your product to any world market.
The mines of Georgia have not begun to he developed. There is millions in them ready to respond to intelligent business direction.
There are 7,500 miles of railroad reaching into the remotest corners of the State; you could not hide your effort from transportation service, if you tried.
A hundred and fifty miles of coast, as the crow flies, puts Georgia in touch with the ports of the world; every advantage of the Panama Canal is hers.
There are waterfalls waiting to turn yonr wheels, whether of the cotton gin, or the million spindle mill.
There is everything-nothing lacking- to support in comfort, and even luxury, an empire of 10,000,000 souls, or four times Georgia's present population.
Read carefully the contents of this hook. It may suggest something to you, may he the source of your future fortune. It tells the story hut briefly. You may want to know more; you may want specific intormation to fit your particu lar case. To get it promptly and completely write to

THE COMMISSIONER of AGRICULTURE

STATE CAPITOL

ATLANTA, GA., U.S. A.

BYRD PRINTING COMPANY . ATLANTA . GA.