.. r:
Circular No. 35.]
RESULTS
OF TilE
SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS,
CONDUCTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COmiiSSIONER OF AGRICULTURE OF THE STATE OF GEOHGIA.
FOR THE YEAR 1876.
ALSO,
ANALYSES OF FERTILIZERS
To BE SoLD IN GEORGIA IN 1877.
WITH THE COMMERCIAL VALUES AND PRICES OF EACH BRAND.
AL. O, FORi.\IUL.tE AND DIRECTIONS FOR CaillPOSTING ; AND COMMENTS ON 'l'HE EXPERThiE:NTS AND AN.ALYSES.

ATLANTA, GEORGIA,
JANUARY, 1877.

OF r:"

SOIL TEST OF FERTILIZERS
FOR 1876.

The Commissioner of Agriculture required 500 lbs. of

each brand of fertilizer sold in Georgia, to be subjected to

a thorough soil test. The persons designated to make this

test were selected from among the most intelligent and

careful farmers in the State. As far as possible, each sam-

pJe of 500 lbs. was divided into three equal portions, and

one portion sent to each section of the State-Northern,

Middle, and Southern Georgia. And as far as possible, an

ammoniated and a non-ammoniated fertilizer was sent to

each experimenter.

The following directions for conducting the test (being a

reprint of special circular No. 16 of the Department, dated

3d February, 1876,) were sent to each person selected to

make the test, and a promise received in every case, to

conduct the same according to the rules, before any sam

pie was sent :



Persons to whom samples of fertilizers are submitted for thorough and practical test, are required to conduct their experiments in a manner that will set forth results tully and fairly, and report the same promptly bv the :first day of December to this Department, giving full details, as follows:
1. State the character of the soil and subsoil in which the test is made, whether sandy, clayey, marly or calcareous, and whether upland or bottom.
2. Select a plat of land as nearly uniform in character and fertility as possible.
3. On this plat lay off rows, if the test is made with cotton, three feet wide, and either 35 or 70 yards long. Apply each fertilizer to four consecutive rows, leaving four rows unfertilized between those fertilized with different brands; thus, A four rows; without fertilizer four rows; B four rows; without fertilizer four; C four, etc., through the plat. When the crop matures, weigh carefully and report the production of the two middle rows of each four, fertilized and unfertilized.
4. State the treatment of the soil on which the test is made, both as to

4
crops cultivated and fertilizers used for several previous years, and, if practicable, select a plat which was not fertilized in 1875.
5. In this experiment usa each fertilizer or compost at the rate of 200 ~pounds pllr acre regardless of cost.
6. If compost 18 used, state theformuliJ adopted in composting, giving the quantity and character of each ingreclient and the method employed in composting.
7. If convenient, purch!\se on the market some of the same brands as those submitted for test, and report the results as directed in N n. 4 above.
8. Use on the same plat any other brand which you may have. 9. Use a portion of the samples ubmitted for test, in contrast with any others you may have, on any other crop on:your farm or garden, and report results. 10. Iu conducting these tests, be careful to have the prepa1ation, planting, stand and cultivation, t'dentical on each four rows, th6 only differer~a being in the kind offertilil!er used. Without this the test will not be reliable. 11. State the time and manner of preparation, time and manner of planting, mode of cultivation, seasons, both as to temperature and rainfall, and any other ft\Ct.s of interest connected with the test of fertilizers. 12. In giving the yield of cotton, report the number of pounds of seed cotton produced by the two middle rows of each four, fcrtilizecl and unfertilized. If the test is made on small grain, report the bushels of grain and pounds of straw per acre. If it is maJe on corn, report the bushels of grain and pounds of fodder per acre. 13. Conduct auy other test in any manner you may prefer, and report results and ft\cts as above requested. 14. When an A.cid Phosphate or Dissolved Bone-not ammoniated-is tested, compost it by formula No. 1 for composting, given in circular No. 22 of this Department.* 15. Preserve a fair sample of ef!ery feltilizer you test. Put it in a bottle and seal it up, and label it correctly. A common quinine bottle full is about tile proper quantity to saye, and is most convenient. These expenments, to be valuable, should be conducted with great care, and the results accurately reported as soon as they are ascertained.
FoR:>roLA No. 1 FOR CoMPOSTil< G.-Stable manure, (preserved uncler sh elter), 750 pounds; cotton seed, (green,) 760 pounds; Acid Phosphate or Dissolved Bone, 500 pounds Totul, 2,000 pounds, or one too.
Directions.-Spread, under shelter, a layer of stable mnnure four inches thick; on this sprinkle u pOI'tion of the phosphate; next a laye r of cotton eed thre inches thick
-then wet tbe e thoroughly with water and sprJ nkle with phos phate. Con tinue oo
repMl these la yers, in the a!Jove order, till all the material is used. over t he whole ma!!ll with stable manure, or scrapings from tho lot, one or two inch es t hick. Allow
the heap oo staod in this condition until thorough f<rmcnta ion tukes place, which will
require from three to six weeks, according to circumstances, dependen t upo o the moisture and s11encth ol the mterlals used. When the couon seed are th oroughly killed, with a harp hoe or mattock, cut down vertically through U1 e laye rs, puherize, and shovel into n benp, where the termentation will be re newed, and th e com pos t be still further improYed. It will be ready for use in from one to two weeks, according to convenience.



Results of the Soil Tests.

NOTE.-In the following pages, all fertilizers marked with a, were furnished by the Department for soil tests.

Ezpenmmtof SimeO?t Smitk, Stone Mountai1t, DeKalb County.

SorL.-Sandy, with clay subsoil, very poor; an old field which had been turned out for a number of yearscleared up last spring; never fertilized before. Test made with cotton.

PREPARATION. -Broken both ways with a common scooter plow, about the 15th April, and a light one-horse harrow run over it a few days before planting.
PLANTING.-April 27th, laid off rows 3 feet wide with common scooter, applied seed and fertilizer together in this furrow, and covered with 2 furrows.
CuLTIVATION.-It was kept clean with plov. and hoe, using the sweep principally.
PLAT No. 1.-Rows 35 yards long; in sets of 4, and the two middle ones of each set picked for the test-122 stalks of cotton to each.

Cotton Compound Am'd Dissolved Bone, 200 Jbs.peracre ...630 lbs. seed cotton per acre

\VithouL fertilizer.. .......... ... .. ......................................... 61)1( '' '' H n ''

J. c. Ragsdale's Am'd Bone Phosphate, 200lbs. per acre...656.l( "

"

aAm'd Soluble Bone (Pratt's Patent), 200 lbs. per ncre ...691)4 ~ ''

1'

Witbont rertilizer....... ........... ..... .. ................... . .......... .. .. 7SX " aBaldwin & Co's DIS!olved Bone, 200 lbs. per acre...........61i6)4" aStrong'a Am'd Superphosphate, 200 lbs. peracre...........630 11

11

.. II

II

Without fertilizer... ........... ....... .......... .. .............. ... 87Y. "

II

Upton' SuJ)erpbospbate, 200 lbs. per acre ...... - .... .........647Y. "

"

PLAT No.2, alongside of No. 1.-Rows 35 yards long,

in sets of 2, instead of 4, and both picked for the test-

140 stalks to each row.

6

Without fertilizer .........:................................................ 52)9 !bs. seed cottonperacre

Cotton Com . Am'd Dis, Bone Phos. , 200 lbs. per acre .........595

"

" "

J. C. .Ra~sdnle's Am' d Buperphos., 200 l bs, per acre .........6083,4 " "

" "

aAm'd Sol uble Bono (Pratt's Patent) 200 lbs, per acre......665

'' "

aBnldwln's Am1d Dis. Bone, 200 lbs. peracre ..................... 700 ''

a:>trong's Am'd Superphosphate, 200 lbs. per acre...............647)9 "

Upton,s Superphosphate, 200 lbs. per acre...... .................. 682}!{ " u

,, u

Merryman 's Am'd Dis. Bone, 200 lbs. per ncre...... ............6S~J9 "

u "

aMory man's Dis. Bone (non-ammon iated)200 lb. per acre...560

Wando Acid Phosphate, 200 Ibe. per acre...........................420

tc u

Wando Compost, 200 Jbs. per acre.. ............. .....................,280

I( ,.

aMerryrunn's Dissolved Bone compost, 200 lbs. per l\CJe... 437Y. " "

Upton's Superphosphate compost, 200 Jbs, J>er ac re............HGX " aStrong's Ammoniated Superp hosphate, 200 Jbs. per acr e...385 Wando Acid Pbopbate compost, 400 Jbs. per acre ...............433 a!lferryman's Dissolved Bone compost, 400 Jbs. per acre... 638

.. ... u " u ,,

'

u " u ,,

,, ,,

Upton's Superphosphate compost, 400 lbs. per acre ............577'y. " "

aStroog's Am'd Superpbos. compost, 400 !Ls. per acre......551Y. "

Without lerWizer ............................................................. 87;9"

" "

SEASONs.-Rain April 28. May 1, 2, 7, 8, 16, 21, 24,

25, 26, and on 27 a very washing rain. June 3 rain, and

then cool and dry to the 12th. Rain June 15, 16, 17 and

25, and on 30 light showers. July 2 rain, ~. 4 and 17

good rain, and 24, 25, 29, 30 and 31 light rains. August

1 rain, and light showers 3, 4, 5, 8, 14, 24 and 30. Sept.

10 light showers. Very little rain since. Killing frost 17

Octob'er;

The above experiments were made on soil containing an

abundance of vegetable matter, and hence the results of

the use of the composts do not compare very favorably

with those of the commercial fertilizers. This will be fu r-

ther discussed in connection with other experiments.

Ezperimmts oJ W. A. Smit!t, Palmetto, Coweta County.
Mr. Smith planted cotton on gray soil, with stiff red clay subsoil, which was manured in 1875 with two hundred pounds of Dugdale's ammoniated super-phosphate, and planted in turnips-the whole crop of turnips being re moved from the land. The land had been cleared about fifteen years, and would produce about five hundred pounds seed cotton without manure. The soil was well broken with a square-pointed scooter, and the fertilizers bedded upon with a common turning shovel; rows seventy yards

7

long and three feet apart. The fertil!zer was covet:ed about four inches, the beds opened with small scooter,

6o8 seeds dropped tQ the row, and covered with a light

"straddle " plow. He failed, on account of excessive

rains, to secure a stand, and had to re-plant twice, the last

time on the 6th of June. The cotton was well cultivated in the usual way :

a E. Fronk Coe's Am. Sup-phos., 200 lbs. per acre............490 lbs. seed cotton per acre

a Strong's Am. Sup-phos., 200 lbs. per aero............. ......... 420

"

"

Wattson k Clark's Sup-pllos., 200 l bs per acre ......................350 "

Without fertillzer .. ....... .. .... ..... ... ............ ....... ......... ,.....280

This experiment is valuable only as a comparative test

of the fertilizers. On account of the defective stand, it is

not a correct index of the effects of the fertilizers on the

production.

Mr. Smith remarks: " I have been farming for more

than thirty years, and never saw so much rain fall in May,

June and July." "The latter part of August and all of September were very dry." This cut off the late planting.

E:rperimmt oj M. B. Ward, Swansboro, Emanuel county.

SoiL.-Dark sandy--in 1875 was planted in cotton, and fertilized with Bradley's Lime.
The cotton (Dickson seed) was planted 20th April, in rows three feet apart. Seasons good, except for about three weeks, during which the cotton suffered seriously. It wai plowed three times with solid sweep, and hoed four times.

aBnhma Soluble Guano, 275 lbs. per acre .................605 lba. seed cotton per nere.

a Manhattan Blood <:iuano, 275lbs. per a<.re...... ...............56317"



"

Without Ferlilinr.............................................................li2 6-7"

Experiment oJ Jamu L. Neal, oJ Glascock County.

SoiL.-Sandy, with clay subsoil-nearly exhausted. PREPARATION.-Broken deep, April 10th, with squarepointed steel ~cooter. May 15, ran off the rows three and a-half feet wide and seventy yards long. A steel shovel followed the scooter, to open the furrow for th e fertilizer. Planted pure prolific cotton seed May 20; 28 good rain ;

8

up May 30, good stand ; June 3 chopped to one stalk every ten inches, and plowed same day wit h Dickson sweep. R ain 9th; hoed r6th and plowed 17th. Good rain 2oth ; plowed with sweep 28th; rain 29t h ; plowed July 8 with sweep. Drouth from June 29 to July 19, when there was a good rain. Plowed last time July 20.

Stono Soluble Guano, 200 lbs. per ncr e ..... ...800 Jbs. seed cot ton ......26t lbs. lin\ per acre,

Bradley's Am. Diss. Bon e, 200 lbs. per acre.. 786 " "

..... l 60 "

"

Barr y's Clle m. Fettil izer. 200 lb. per acre..!l'.!G "

......279

a Blue Bone8Uil-Phos., 190.80 lbs. per acTe..630 " "

. . . . . . ~0 2

\'

aMathb Ch emicnl Compound compostod:-

167 lbs. of lbe Compound, 200 lbs. Cot-

ton Seed , 9.lld 000 l bs. Stable Man ure, "

makjng 967 per acre ............................... 981 "

. . . . .. 371

The Mathis compost was seriously injured by' drouth, in consequence of excessive quantity used per acre.

Expen1nent of C. JJ1. Sa?Zdets, Penfield, Greene Co., o1z Cotton.

SoiL.-Upland clay loam, with clay subsoil. PREVIOUS TREATMENT.-P]p.nted in cotton 1874and 1875, and fe-rtilized with 200 pounds per acre of E tiwan Guano. PREPARATION .-~ows 3 feet wide and 35 ya rds long, laid off across the old rows with a Brinly shovel 10x12, leaving a furrow open from 6 to 8 inches in depth. In these the fertilizers were distributed and listed on with 15 inch :Brinly scooter and the bed thrown up with Brinly turning p low, and middles opened with shovel. PLANTING.-Cotton planted May 15th, but on account of drouth did not come up till after June 1st.
CuLTIVATION.-Plowed twice with double shovel plows, and three times with sweeps, and hoe~ twice.
SEASONs. -Unusually dry throughout, with the exception of a few days in August. ''The ground was never too wet to plow after the cotton was six inches high, until it was gathered, with the exception of two or three days m August."

9

Etlwau Guano, 200 lbs. per acre.................... ......!,55i lbs. seed cotton per acre.

.. . Without iertllizer....................................................... l,417

. Etiwnn Dis. Bone compot, 900 lbs. per nere............ .........!,557

. Merryman's Am'd Dis. Bone, 200 Ius. per acre.................l,6SO "
.. .. Without fertilizer ...... ........................................ . ..........1,395

. .. aPhrunix Guano, Wilcox, Gibbs & Co., 200 lb per ncre... l,435 . .. Without fertilizer ...... ............... .......................................1,395

U H u

. aSRrdy's Phospho-Peruvian, 200 lbs. per acre ...............1,750

Mr. Sanders applied each fertilizer to two rows, and

picked the product of the two for the test. In this he

failed to follow the instructions issued for the conduct of

soil tests, viz: "Apply each fertilizer to four consecutive

rows, leaving four rows unfertilized between the different
* * brands." * "When the crop matures, weigh carefully and

report the production of the two nzidd/1 rows of each four,

fertilized and unfertilized." When only two rows are used,

each is more or less affected by those adjacent fertilized

with other brands, and those unfertilized receive some

benefit from the fertilizer applied to those adjacent. In the

former case, the rows in which the test is made are nine feet

from each other, while in the second they are only three

feet apart.

The difference between the results on the fertilized and

unfertilized plats is very small in Mr. Sanders' experiment,

for two reasons, viz: 1st, the soil had been fertilized for

two preceding years, the residue of which affected the

unfertilized rows; 2d, the dryness of the season prevented

the plants from receiving the full benefit of the fertilizers.

He fell into the very common error of using too much com-

post per acre-half the amount would probably have given

better results.

"' Experiment o.fJohn Tumer, Culverton, Hancock Co., ott Cotton.

SotL.-A thin, gravelly, sandy soil, with a yellow clay subsoil, which had been lying out four years.
PREPARATION.-B roken in winter, eight inches deep, with a turning plow. April 25th, laid off with scooter, and fer tilizers distributed; listed with scooter and finished with turning plow; opened bed with small scooter, sowed the

10

seed and covered with harrow; stand uniform, and cultivated well with sweep and hoe, every plat alike. The cotton was seriously injured by a hot wind in August.
One compost was prepared by mixing one ton of Barry's Clay Land fertilizer with four of stable manure and cotton seed-about one-fifth of the whole being cotton seed. The other was prepared by one of his neighbors. Fertilizers from the Department received too late to be composted.

aBtern"s (No.1) Am'd Sup. Phos., 200 lbs per acre......614lbs. 4 oz. seed cotton per acre.

aObel"'s Dis. Bone, 200 Jbs. per acru ....................... ....'i'17 " 8 " " " ., u

aEcbols' R~ ::lone Sup. Phos., 200 lbs. per acre . .... ...851 " 8 "

State Graog\ compo t, 200 lbs per acre ............... .........816 " 8 "

" '1

Barry's Ch y Laod Fertil'r composted, 200 lbs per acre- 29 " 2 "

Ragsdale Am'd Sup. Phos., 200 lbs. per acre ............... 716 " 8 ''

Eli wan Guano, 200 lbs. per ncre............- ............. ......653 " 4 "

Withou t le.rtilizer .................. ....................................S38 " 4 "

The above experiment was conducted entirely according to directions.

Ezpen'ment of J W. Tread'Well, Sparta, Hancock Co.

SOIL.-Upland, gray soil, red clay subsoil, land been in cu :tivation lor 58 years. In 1874 was in corn- yield 25 bushels per acre, manured with corn cob manure; in 1874-

'75 in wheat without manure-yield about 8 bushels per acre. Latter part of 1875 was sowed in rye, and on the

14th and 15th ofMay, 1876, the land was run off in three feet rows, and opem:d six or seven inches deep and the fertilizers applied- 200 pounds per acre-for cotton, and bedded on in the usual way, which turned under the growth of green rye. The plats were laid off in rows seventy Y.ards long, and two rows taken for each test.
'May the 16th the cotton seed was planted with Dow Law cotton planter. June 16th, good stand-chopped and
plowed. All cultivation was surface culture, with sweep
and hoe; had similar workings, at intervals, from two to three weeks, until it had been gone over four times.
SEASONS.-May 26th and 27th, light rains; June 2d, 11th, 16th and 22d, good rains; July 6th, light rain; 21st and 30th, good rains; August 3d and 13th, light rains.

11

From this date we had no ram till October. Thermom-

eter at 94 to 96 degrees, in the shade, for three or fou r

weeks of the time, causing late cotton to shed its forms and

fruit rapidly.

1-2 rows en Fowl Guano, 22X pounds seed C()\ton....... 785 pounds seed cotton per acre

2-2 rows J>atu rnlsoU, 19).( pounds seed cotton ..............G73

"

3---2 rows Pendleton's Com J>ou ncl, 25J~ lbs. seed cotton ..901

4-2 rows Natural soil, 22 pounds seed cotton ...........770

5-2 row aA tlan t ic F ertil ozer, 21.)( pou nds seed cotton ..S92

"

6-2 rows Natural soil, 19Y. pou nds seed cotton ...... ........6S2

7-2 rows aDo bbs' Cl1ern. compost 2JY.lbs seed cotton ...752

S- 2 rows Nat ural soil, 20 pounds seed cotton ..............700

9-2 rows Burnt Bune compost, 22 pounds seed cotton ... 770

IQ-2 rows Natural soli, 17.)( pounds seed eo lton .. ... ..... .612

11-2 rows Grotmd Bone compost, 20 lbs: seed cott ou ...700

.

Dobb's chemicals, the Burnt Bone and Ground Bone

were all com posted by formula No. 1 given in circular No.

22 from the Department of Agriculture. The Ground and Burnt Bone were dissolved on the

place by sulphuric acid. The Burnt Bone was whole bones

picked up, burnt, pounded up, and then dissolved ; the

Ground Bone i? such as we buy in our markets-ready

ground-te"rmed, ''flour of bone."

Experiment oJJas. F. Lttle, P1'attsburg, Talbot County, on Cotton.

SOIL.-Free gray land, well adapted to cotton-has been in cultivation six or seven years-was in wheat in 187 5cultivated in the usual way,

NAME OF FERTILIZER.

-PLA-T No.1-. P-LAT-.No

. ~ ~
.". tl

~ "

~ ~

.8 -~ .s
;i
~ "~'

j A

H H

-e
. ."".,'.

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"
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~ " =,;.,

National &ll oble Bone (Pratt) ...... ...... ............ -----;; --g&; --::. IJ50 2:U

a Bales' Guano . .......................................... .. 275 I ,050 2~0

220

Wltbout Fertilizer.... .................................... ...... ... a Enoch Coe's Am. Bone Super-phosphate...... 275

682 1,143

""""22Q

1,1

:!20

Soluble PaciJic Guano............ ....................... . 27~ 1,09i 220 1,10 :: 220

Cumberland Ammoniated SuJl"r p hosphate.... 275 I,1!14 220 1,391 22(

Whann' Row Bone Super phosphate............. 275 1.050 220 1 ,3 91 22L

Without Fertilizer...................................... ... ......... Eureko Auunouiated Bone Super-pboapbate.. 275

892 1,260

.. .. 22o .. i;s9i

.....22i

Solnble ea-Islaud G uauo.............................. 275 1,050 220 1,2 15 220

o Stano Acid Phosphate.... .............. ............... 27o 1,076 220 l.l 28 221

1,1 55
J.7"8'"7
l. ~o5
1,11>5 1,2 G 1,102
78 7 1,050
1,050 1 107

IZ

Ezpi!n1nmt of ReubmJones, Newton, Baker Comzty, on Cotton

SOIL.-Old sandy pine soil, with clay subsoil, not in

cultivation in 1875

It was broken with a one-horse turning plow in January,

bedd ed in March, and planted April I 5 ; cultivated entire-

ly with sweep and hoe. Seasons favorable to July IO,

after which we had only a few light showers to December.

Without Fertilizer........ ................ . ...............................353 lbs. seed cotton per acre

Stable Manure, Cotton Seed and Wood's Earth, equal parts

50 bu sh~! per ocre............ ............ ............ ........ .......581 "

"

aWalt<;on & Clar k's Super-phosphate, 200lbs. per ncre ........5S1 "

"

"

a Sardy's Acid Phosphate, 200 lbs. per ncre... ............ ...........523 "

aWaodo F ortiJ!zer, 200lbs. peracre....................................522 "

Experiment o.f W. J Colquitt, Harmony Gr_.ove, jacks01e

County, on Cotton.

SoiL.-Old and sandy, with red clay subsoil. Planted

April zs . All picked by November IS-

Without Fertillzer.............................. ............ ............ ......304lbs. seed cotton per acre.

a Logan's Southem Fertilizing Compound compost, 2QO

lbs. per acre......... ............ ..................................503 "

Witbou t Fert!lizcr ...................--............. ...................298 " a StonoS >luble G uano, 200 lbs. per acre.............................539 " Without Fertilizer.................................... .................. ......306 "

....

a Bndley's Ammon iated Dissolved Bones, 200 l bs. peracre ...548 "

The above experiment was conducted strictly in accord-

ance with the directions.

Experiment o.f T. A. Hamilton, Thomson, McDuffie County, on Cotton.

Mr. Hclmilton made the too common mistake of composting lime with cotton seed and stable manure, without first slacking the lime with strong brine.
The seed on all the plats were rolled in fertilizer. This affected the yield where no fe rtilizers we re applied.

PLAT NO. I.
Merry man's Ammonlnted D!~s. Bones, 200 Ibs. per acre......l ,604 lbs. seed cotton per acre Wlthont Fertilizer.............. ..... .........................................1,410 a Eureka Ammoniated Bone ::iupr-phos., 200 JIJB. per ncre .....l,G90 Without Fertilizer............................................................1,380 Georgia tate Grange Fertilizer, 200 lbs. per ncre... ............l ,811 WithouLFer tilizer ............................................................1,C>OO a ELiwon Dissohed Bones, 200 lbs. per acrc ... ............... .. ....1,6i3 WlLb:out Fertilizer.......................................... ..................l,377

13

PLAT NO.2.

Equlll parts of.Oystor Shell Lime, O>tton Seed, and Manure,



200 Jbs. per acre. ................ ...... ............ ............... ...... 949 lbs. seed cotton per acre.

Without Fertilizer ... .... ... ................... ..... .. ... ......... ... .... .. ...1,208

Equal parts Oyster Shell Lime, Cotton Seed, and Mauure,

400 Ibs. per aore...................................... ..... ............ 1,397

Without Fertilizer. ..................... .................... ........... ...... 1,500

Equal weights Add Phosphate, Cotton Seed, and Stable

.Manure, 200 lbs. per acre........ ....................................1,707

Equ al weights Acid Phosphate, Cotton Seed, and S!dble

.Manure, 400 lbs. per acre .............................................2,174

.Georgia State Grange Fertilizer, 400lbs. per acre............... !,~ 7

Without .l!'ertilizcr.................................. .. .....................1,346

PLAT r 0 . 3

a Eureka Am. Bone Ruper-phos., 400 lbs. per acre.... ....... .1,20S lbs. seed cotton per aero Wit bout Fertilizer ........... . ................... ............................1,346 Merryman's Am. Diss. BoDe, 400 lbs. per acre................ - 2,001 Without Fertilizer ............. ................................. ........ ....1,174 a Atlantic F ertilizer, 400 lbo, per &ere ......... ..... . ..............1.434 without Ferti lizer............................................................1,173

&pen1nmt of W. K. Nelso n, Augusta, Ric!mzond County, on Corn.

SorL.-Sandy upland, with yellow clay subsoil.

aE. F~nk Coe's Am'd Superpnosphale, 200 !Ls. per acre...........12 bushels corn per acre

aMerrymau's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone, 200 lbs . per ncre..... l2 Geo,-gill State Grange Fertilizer, 200 lbs. per acre ......... ......... ...12

"

. "

~

Wlthoutfe,tilizer ...... ............ ............................................... . . 9

Expen1nent of Geo. L. Cain, Jefferson Couut;, Oh Cotton.
Soil of plats Nos. 1, 2 and 3, sandy loam; and No. 4, sandy, with very stiff clay subsoil.
PREPARATION.-Plats Nos. 1, 2 and 3 opened with 5-inch scooter, ridged and bedded with 7-inch turning shovel; fertilizers applied from 15th to 25th March ; completed the bedding April 5th; planted 17th, with cotton planter ; stand good. The land had been planted in cotton for 5 years-not fertilized in 1875,
Nos. 1 and ~ treated according to directions. No. 3 was planted in sets of 7 rows to each fertilizc::r. No. 4 was broken thoroughly with one-horse Watt plow ; rows laid off 3 feet 2 inches with 5-inch scooter ; double furrowed with 7-inch scooter, latter part of March ; fertilizers applied from 1st to lOth of April; ridged and bedded with Watt plow; manured in sets of 4 rows.

1

14

All cultivated shallow with sweep and hoe. Seasons

favorable till August l Oth ; no rain after that time till too

late to benefit the crop. Composts made by formula No.



1, circular 22.

PLAT No.1.

aWhann's Raw Bone Superphosphate, 200 lbs. per acre .....6li.l( lbs . seed cotton per acre

Without fertilizer... ...... ... .. ................... ... ......... ..... .... ......4SiM "

11

11

aZ;ll's Am'd Bone t:iuperpho pbate, 200 pounds per acre ...552Y. "

WithoutferWizer ...... ......... . ........................................ 528 E. Frank Coe's Am'd Bone Superphos., 200 lbs. per ncre .... 56S

.,

W ithout fertilizer .............................. .. .......................... 503

aEtiwnn Dissolved Bone compost, 200 pounds per acre......520

W itbont fertilizer ............... ...........................................487Y.

"

Lo;-an's ..onthern Fert.il. 0om. compost, 200 lbs. per acre ...60l 11

WltLout ferUlizer ........................ ....................................487Y. "

E. Frank Coo's Am'd Bone Superphosphate compost,

200 lbs. p~r acre ... ................................... ......................715 ''

Without fertilizer............................. ...............................446 11

"

PLAT No 2.

aWbann?s Raw Bone Superphosphate, 200 lbs. per acr~.....731 lbs. seed cotton per acre

' Vithout.fertilizcr ..... . ~ -- 641

t.

aZell's Am'd Bona Superphosplmte, 200 pounds per ncre ...780

Without fertilizer ............................................................ 617% "

E. F rank Coe's Bone Superphosphate, 200 JlOnnds per acre.76S

Without fertil izer........................................................... G33

aEtiwan Dissolved Bono compost 200 pounds per acre.........617X "

W ithout fertilizer ..................... .......... ... ................ ........4~5M "

"

Logan' s Southern Fertil. Com. compost, 200Jbs. per ncre ... 6~1

,,

'lVitb ou t fertiJizer .... .. .. .......... .......... ................. ........ ........ 552 }~ "

E. Frank Coe's Am'd Bone Superphospate compost, 200

Ibs. per acre........................... ...... ........................... ...... 755

Without fertilizer .............................................................650

PLAT No.3.

Whann's Raw Bone Superphosphate, 400 lbs. per acre ......812Y. lbs. seed cotton J>er ncre Zell's Am 'd Bone Superphosphate, 400 pounds ]>er acre .... 723 Etiwan Dissoh ed Bone compost, 400 pounds per ncre ........723 Logan'sS>. Fer. Com. compost, 400 pounds per acre ........690 E. Frank Coe's Aw'd t!uperphosphate compost, 400 Ius.
per acre ..................................... ..................................650

PLATNO. 4.

W bann's Raw Bone Superphosphate, 200 lbs. per ncrc.........5781bs. seed cotton per acre Wi thout fertilizer ............................................................422 Zell's Am'd Bone t:iup. Phos., 200 lbs per acre.......................551 "

W ithout. fertilizer .... ....................... ..... ...... ........ ........ ......... 512 ''

''

Etiwan Dis. Bone, compost, 200 lbs per ncrc........................ 551 "

'Witbout fertilizer .................................. ...........................485

Logan So. Ferlilizi g Compound compost, 200 l bs per n~re-446 "

Without ferUitzer ....................... .......................................346 "

E. Fr..nk Ceo's Am'd Bone Superpbos. compost ..................536 "

Without fertilizer ... ..... .......... ....... ............. ........ .. ............... 412 "

''

.

15

Expen1nmt of P ettr Slatesberry, Stocktotz, Cft'nclt County, on

Cotton .

SoiL AND PREPARATION.-Pine land, sandy soil and- subsoil-been cleared forty years ; when new produced fifteen to twenty bushels of corn per acre without fertilizer; known as free land, easily cultivated and easily exhausted,
It has been moderately fertili.zed for eight years with barn yard manure, was in cotton in 1870 and 1874; in corn in 1875, producing twenty bushels per acre. October 1st corn stalk!t were cut into pietes two feet long and plowed in with the pea vines. Bedded into three and one-half feet rows in February. In April opened the water furrow

six inches deep, put in the fertilizer and covered with two furrows. The beds were finished j~st before planting. This experiment was very carefully conducted according to directions.

Without fertilizer .......................... ....... ...... ...... ..................SOO lbs seed cotton per acre. aGuanihani Guano, 200 lbs per acre.............- .................360 ... ... Wllboulfertilizer..............................................................300 ... ... aEtiwan Crops Food,Chemicals, compost, 200 lbs per acre .....420 . ... Without fertilizer.........................................................-300 ... ... aLogan's So.Fer tilizing Compound, compost. 200 lbsper acre..450 . . ... Without fertlltzer ................................................ ................300 ... ttrange Mixture Dis. Bone Phos., 200 lbs per acre..................450 ... ... Witllout fertilizer.............................................................800 ... ... Nntionnl Soluble Bone (Pratt),compost, 200 lbs per acre......4,?0 ... Withoutfertillzer............................................................... 300 ...... Grange lllixture Dis. Bone Phos. compost, 200 lbs per acre....600 ... ... ...
This experiment was conducted on a level thirty acre
field of very uniform fertility. The composts were pre-
pared by formula No. 1, Circular 22.
Expen'mmt ofJ. S. Lavender, Baniesville, Pike Co., on Cottolt.

S oil. -Light, sandy pine-woods land, naturally very poo~ been in cultivation thirty-five years ; subsoil poor, stiff clay. This soil has had three applications of the South Carolina Dissolved Phosphate, 100 pounds per acre.
In wheat, in 1875, made three bushels per acre. Cotton planted first\veek in May, a good stand secured in a few days; stalks left 3 to 4 t0 the foot; well cultivated; plowed five times, and hoed once. Plenty of rain until August

16
1st ; none after that date for eight weeks. Rows in sets of
four, as directed.
aZell's Am'd Bone Sup. Phos., 200 lbs. per acre........ ......... 631 lbs. se6d coLion per acre Without fertilizer .... 418 ... y <1 \VI<a n's ll.nw Bone Sup. Phos., 210 lbs. per acre.. ...............6JS W ithout fertiltzer .. ................. ....................., ................ ...419 ... Mnnhnttan Blood Guano, 200 lbs. per ncr~......... ................. .644 ... ~ithout fertilizer .. ..... ... ..... .......... ......... .. ...... ................ ....412 . 0 ber'lS. C. Dis>o!Yed Bone Pbophute, 200 lbs per acre......663 ... Without fert ilizer .............................................................. .421 .. S.C. Phosphate Flour, composted with stable manure, 4 parts
of manure to l of flour, and allowed to stand 8 weeks, lOOOibs per acr e........... ................. . ...... 702 .. Without fertilizer ..............................................................A32 ... Georgia tale Grange Fertilizer.............. ............. ............... G38 .. Without fertilizer .......................................... .................. --400 ...
E xperzmmt of Robert Burton, Ellaville, Schley Co., on Cotto?Z.
SOIL AND ~REPARATION.-Sandy; stiff clay subsoil;
been in cultivation .ten years, and never fer tilized, except with cotton seed when in corn two years ago. Lanc;l broken
in January; Aprilll th laid off rows three feet wide, seventy yards long ; applied fertil izers at the rate of 200 pounds
per acre, and bedded with shovel plow; planted seed with Dow Law planter. A good stand was secured, and cultivated well with sweep and hoe. Seasons as good as could be wished. The manured rows turned yellow and rusted
a little, the remainder did not.
PLATNO. 1.
sSardy's Am'd SvlublePscilic, 200 lbs per acre...............l,ll05 lbs seed cotton per acre Without fertiliz er ................. ..........................................l,417 .. aStono Soluble Guano, 200 lbs per acre .................. .............1,540 Without fcrWlzer............. . ..................................... . ... 1,277 ... aSardy's Dissolved Bone Phosphate, 200 lbsper acre ... ... .1,277 ... Without feJ iilizer .. ........ .. ..... ... ........ .......... - .... ............... 1,277 .. aSea Fowl Guano, 200 lbs per acre ................. ....... ............l !i92 .. Wilhont fertilizer.................... ......................... .. .- ......1,295 ..
PLATNO. 2.
Stiff soil, good quality ; cultivated twenty years.
aSarcly's Am'd i!oluble Pacific, 200 l'>s per acre......... ..... .927 lbs seed cottoll pet ncr~. Without fertilizcr .............................. ...... ....................../00 cStono, luble Guano, 200 lbs per acre............ ............. .. ...962 Without fertilizer ... .............................. .... ................... 700 aSardy's Dissolved Bone P hosphate, 200 lbs per acre...... ...770 Without fertilizer ............................................................. 717 aSca Fowl Guano,2001bs perarre --- 9"2}~ Without fertillzcr............................................................ 682}!i ..

17
Experiment of A. Ogletree, Georgetown, Quz'tman Cowtty, o1z Cotton.
SOIL.-Sandy upland, cultivated in oats in 1875. PREPARATION.-Bedded and the fertilizer applied in the water furrow and the beds reversed ; cotton planted on the fresh bed ; fertilized in sets of four rows to each fertilizer ; cultivation clean and seasons good to 15th of August.
aOber's Genuine P!10oph. Peruvian AA, 200 lbs per acre ......7l7lbs seed cotton per acre. Without fer tilizer...............................................................245 ... ...
&petiment of Wm. S. Montgomery, Social Circle, Georgia, o1z Cotton.
SoiL AND PREPARATION.-Plat No. 1 was red stiff clay with good subsoil ; land in good heart ; been in cultivation forty years; in wheat last year. January 1st, subsoiled eight inches deep ; April 6th, laid off rows three and onehalf feet wide, fertilizers applied and an iron foot plow run in the bottom of the furrow to mix it with the soil. Plat arranged and picked according to directions. April 20th, planted with the Dow Law planter ; May 4th, harrowed ; good stand except the unfertilized rows. May lOth, hoed; 15th, put to a stand; one and two stalks, width of hoe. June 1st, run round with scooter; 3d, plowed out with sweep, two furrows to the row ; 13th, hoed; 21st, plowed with sweep, two furrows; 26th, one sweep furrow in middles ; 30th, hoed; July lOth, laid by with sweep.
PLAT No. 1-
Without fertilizer ......................................................._.,. 672 lbo seed cotton per acre. Merryman's Am'd Dis. Bone, 200 lbs per acre .................. 1,102 ... ... aBradley's Am'd Dis. Bone, 200 lbs per acre....................1,102 ... aGrange Mixture, 200 lbs per acre ...................................l,146 ... Bardy's Acid Phosphate, 200 lbsperacre...........................l,040 ... ...
PLATNO. 2SOIL.-Thin, cold, gray land, yellow subsoil ; been in cultivation about 25 years ; in poor heart. In wheat last year; subsoiled January lOth, from ten to twelve inches deep. March 27th, laid off rows three feet wide with shovel, applied fertilizers, and followed in the bottom of the furrow
2

18
with iron foot plow as before, and listed with turning plow. April 22d, planted with Dow Law. Good stand secured except where no fertilizer was used , as before. May 5th, harrowed ; 17th, hoed and plowed with sweep. June 1st, hoc:d ; 3d, sided with scooter; 9th, plowed out with shovel and scraper ; 28th, hoed. July 3d. laid by with sweep.
Witbl!ut fertilizer ................................. ... ...................246 Jbs seed cotton per acre.
M erryman's Am'd Dis. Bone, 20(.11bs per acre....................6n ... ...
aBrndle y's Am\1 Dis. J\one, 200lbs per acre ................. . 884 .. aGra nge ~!ixture, 200 lbs per acre ... .... ..... ..... ............... 683 . ... aSnrdy's Acid Pb~sphate, 200 lbs., and 10 bue. cotton eced,
per acre.................... ............... .. ................686 . ...
The crop was injured by drouth, during which the unfertilized remained green and promised as well _as the fertilized . Expe1-i1nent off T. Dennis, Eatonton, Putman County, on
Cotton.
SorL AND PREPARATION.-V ery old, poor red land ; rested ISH and 1875; 1873 in cotton without manure. Broken well with one horse Watt Plow; furrows opened with same plo w by running twice in the furrow ; bedded with same plow ; beds knocked off with board and cotton planted April 13th with Dow Law planter; stand not very good but same in each row.
Cultivated entirely with sweep_and hoe. Fertilized co~ton opened by 15th October; unfertilized by 15th November. Fertilized and unfertilized plats in sets of four rows.
Wi : hout feroilizer...... ................. .'".................. .. BCG)IC lbueed cotton per acre aBrigb ton's Am' d Raw Bone Sup. Phos., 200 lbs per acre.. 8~7Y. ... Etlwau Dis.ohed Bones, 200 lbs per acre.. .....................l,005 Wilhoul fertilize r. .................................. .................... 490 ... ... National 'oluble Bone, (Prat.t} 200 lb per acre..... .........l,050 Merrymn.u's Am'd Dis. Bones. 200 lbs per acre ...............1,172 a\Vhitl o~ k' s Veget:o tor, 200 lb per "ere......... ................ 787 Without fertilizer............................... . .. ..................... 28:1'
Expen'mt,1lt of James D. Freden'ck, Marsltallvi'lle, M acon County, on Outto1l.
SoiL, ETS.-Sandy with yellow clay subsoil; in corn in 1875; cultivated shallow with sweep and hoc ; seaso

19
favorable; plat arranged as directed, in sets of four rows each.
aAtlnntic F ertilizer, 200 lbs per acre................................765 lbs seed cot ton per acre Without fertillzcr ............................................................. 630 ... Obcr's Soluble Am'd Sup. Pbos., 200 lbs per ncre ............7~5 .. . Me rrymnn 's A m'd Dis. Bones, 200 lbs per acrc .. ....... ......82.5 ... aMi nor's .Am' t! Sup. Phos., 200 lb per ucre........... ............870 ...
Expenment of J M. Cox, Woodville, Greem County, on
Cotton.
SorL, ETc.-Old pine land; cleared about twenty years and cultivated ever since. Opened April 7th with scooter and bedded with one horse B~inly. Cotton planted April 25th; stand perfect; plowed four times with sweep and hoed three times; last plowing August 2d; last hoeing August 4th. Seasons unfavorable; very hot and dry, causing little d1fference between the fertilized and un fe rtilized cotton, since the latter did not suffer f:-om drouth as did the former.
aGeorgia State Grange Dis. Bones, 210 lbs per acre .......... .....665 lbs ~eed cotton per ncre Without ferlilizer ...... .......................... ....... ........................ 6t6 ... oStouo Soluble Guano, 210 lbs per acr e... ...... .... ....... ....... .....S~O . Without fertilizer ......... ........... .........................................630 ... aRussell Coe's Am'cl Sup. Phos. of Lime, 210 lbs per acre ... ..S75 ... Without fertilizer.... ................................ ..........................595 ... aBradley's Am'd Dis. Bones, 210 lbs per acre... ........ .......... 876 ... Oyster Shell Lime, 200 1bs per acre.. ...................................700 ... Oyster Sit 11 Lime, comp'd with lot mnuure,600 lbs pr ncrc..7:)5 ...
The following fertilizers were received by Mr. Cox too late to be tested on the same plats with the others.
SoiL, ETc.-Pine land which has been cleared for ten years, much better than that on which the other fertili zers were tested. Cotton planted May 5th on land prepared as ti1 ; other plat; stand good ; plowed three times with sweep and hoed twice. Seasons same as in the other plat :
aPn' mctto Acid Phosphate, compost, 200 lbs per ncre .........l,085 lbs seed cotton per acre Without fertilizer............................................................1,015 ... ... aDefiauce ~uperphosphate, 200 lb per acre....................... 980 ... .
hxperimmt of J A. Bttramz1zg, Oconee Oounzy, on Cotton.
SoiL, ETC.-Soft, dark gray, with red clay subsoil; broken in January with two horse Watt plow. April 17th, rows opened three feet apart with shovel, followed with

20
two horse subsoil plow; bedded with Watt plow; cotton planted April 21st with the Garlington cotton planter.
CuLTIVATION.-Harrowed May lOth; 15thJ sided with bull tongue ; 19th, hoed ; 30th, plowed with sweep. June 27th, hoed ; 29th, plowed with sweep. July 2d, hoed; 25th, plowed with sweep. Seasons favorable to August lOth, after which there was a drouth to September 13th, which injured the crops.
Without !erUIJzer......... ........................................... ........lGlY. lbs seed cotton per acre. aStrong's Am'cl Sup. Phos., 210 !bs per acre.......................7i0 aSulomon's (Rowland's) Chem'l Comp'd, 210 lbs per acre.700 ... .. aAbncoGuan o,210lbspor~cre... ........................... ............SI5 ......
Ezpniment of I. 0. McDaniel, Allatoona, Bartow Oomzty, on Oottott.
I carefully composted the following acid phosphates sent
by you, viz : Stono, Wando, Grange Mixture, Lei!Jig's
F ormula, and National Soluble Bone, in the proportion of 500 pounds acid phosphate, 750 pounds cotton seed, and 750 pou nds stable manure to the ton ; that is, one-fourth acid phosphate and three-fourths cotton seed and stable manure.
In addition to the above, you sent me a sack of Pendleton's Superphosphate.
I also composted Etiwan Acid Phosphate with fowl house cleanings in equal weights ; and a large amount with cotton seed and stable manure in same propprtions as above mentioned acid phosphates.
I have tested these fertilizers, eight in number, on three different plats of\ land.
PLAT No. 1 is upland, north hill side, red clay, and decomposing slate rock underlying the surface ; naturally good land and pretty well manured for several years past ; was cuJtjvated in cotton in the years 1871 and 1875 . and in wheat in 1874; has 36 rows, three feet apart, and 35 yards long. Ni ne sets of four rows each, giving four rows to each fertilizer, and four.rows without fertilizers.

21
The land was well plowed before planting ti me and fertilizers weighed for each row, and put in a deep furrow and a bed t~rned on; put in at the rate of 200 pounds per acre in the two middle rows of each set, 400 pounds per acre of the two outside rows of each set, except the set of four rows with nothing.
I planted about the 20th of April, cotton seed being rolled in Etiwan com post, putting a light sprinkle of Etiwan compost with the seed, covering with a plow, and boarding off when well sprouted. Plowed t he cotton one time while young, and used a sweep or scrape afterwards. Chopped out and hoed as usual. The following is the rate of yield per acre.
Grange, ... .... .......................2 middle rows 1,172 lbs. ............. ....2 outside rows 1,~65lbs. 8tono .. .... ...... .. ........... .........~ middle rows 1,41 7 1bs. ............ ...2 outsi<.le rows 1,435 lbs. Lelbig' Forru ula...... ... ...... .2 middle rows 1,4171bs.... ... ............2 outside rows 1,417 1bs. National Sol. Boue ... ....... ....2 middle rows 1,484 lbs. ..................2 outside rows 1,4j1 lb>. Etiwan ... .... ... ......... .. ...........2 midd le rows 1,610 lbs. ........ .... .....2 outside rows 1,540 Jbs. Wando..... .. .. . ......2 middle rows 1,627 lbs. .......... .....2 ou tsidorows 1,715 lbs. Fowl-bouse ... ... ...... .. ......2 m idd le r ows 1,470 lbs.......... .........2 outside rows 1,540 lbs. Pendieton .... ..... ...... .. .... ......2 middle ro"s 1,591 ibs .. ....... ... ....2 outsl1e rows 1,6l5 lbs. Nofertillzer.. .. ... . .........2 middl rows 1,750 lbs...... ....... .... ..2 ou tside rows 1,434 lbs.
The astonishi ng yield of the four rows withou t ferti lizer must be acco unted for in this way. A hill side ditch made in the winter of 1875, is between the two middle rows, and the ,space between these two rows is some five feet . A rich sediment was constantly accumulating in the ditch all the time for months, which was turned out by pl owing and with the hoe. The soil on the lower side of the ditch is deep and rich. This with the light sprinkle of Etiwan compost with the seed in planting, makes up the large yield.
I regret the mishap. I should also state that these rows on account of ditch suffered less from drough t than the others.
PLAT No. 2 is creek bottom, but high enough to be above high water mark. The soil mixed slightly with fine sand, and good clay underlying; has been in cultivation over forty years by the whites, and perhaps much longer

22
by the Indians ; was well plowed and fertilized for six years past; was in wheat in 1874 and cotton the past and present years. This plat has 36 rows three feet apart and 70 yards long. Prepared, fertilized, planted and cultivated as No. 1.
Rate of yield per acre :
No fert ilizer ... ....... .. ... ... ......2 middle rows 1.212 Jbs............ ......2 outside ro..-s1,267 1bs. Lcibig.... ...... .............. . ........2 middle rows 1,2:34 Jbs............. ......2 outside rows 1,522 1bs. Stouo ......... .. ... ...................2 middle rows 1,3-l71bs... .. ..............2 outside rows 1,13.ilhs. Grdn~:o .......................... ......2 middl e rows 1,303 llJs. ................2 outside ro..-s 1 , ~25 lba. F owl-house... .... ..................2 middle r ows 1,312 1bs...... ... .. ...... .2 ou lsirte rows 1,4171bs. National Sol . Bone..............S m iddle rows 1,100 lbs. ... ............... 2 out,ide rows 1,295 lbs. Pon<lleton ........ ............. ...2 middle rows 1,382 1bs... ......... .. .....2 outside rows I ,548 lbs. W ando ................._ ..... ... .. .2 middle rows 1,480 lbs............. ......2 outside rows 1,391lbs. Eliwan ............. ....... .... . ......2 midllle rows 1,391 l bs..... .... .. . .......2 outside rows 1,3S2lbs.
PLAT ro. 3 is second bottom, red clay under th e soil; old Iand-in wheat in the year 1875 and manured with cotton seed broad cast; was in cotton in 1874 and fertilized in the drill. Prepared, fertilized, planted, and cultivated, as No. 1 and 2-32 rows, 3 feet apart, and 35 yards long. Rate of yield per acre as follows:
Fow l bouo e...... ..........2 mirlrtle rows, 857 lbs...............................2 outside rows, 822 lbe. Stono .......... .. ... ......... 2 middle rows, 7Si 4' . .. ..... . ............ . .... .. . 2 outside ro ws , 840 " National Sol. Bone ... .2 midule rows, 6 2 " .... ... .. .......... ..... .... ....2 outside rows, 92 " Wando ..... . ..... .......... 2 middle row s, 735 '' ..... ............ ....... ........2 out ide rows, 8-1.0 '' li o fertili zer..... .. ... ...2 midrlle rows, 595 " ........... .... ....... ..........2 ou ts it.le ro ws, 735 " P end1oto)l fe rtilizer...2 middle rows, 787 " .. ...... ......... .......... .....2 outside rows, 892 " Grange fertllir.er .... .... .2 middle rows, G82 " ....................... .. .....2 outsitle rows, 717 " Leibig.~.....................2 middle rows, 612 " .. ........ .............. ........2 outside rows, 665 "
P:r.AT No. 4, high upland, red clay and decom posing slate ul'lderlying. This is the fourth consecutive year it has been in cotton, ferti lized each year in the drill ; 36 rows 3 feet apart and 70 yards long; 18 rows fertilized alternately with Leibig, aqd 18 rows with Etiwan, at the rate of 300 pounds of the compost of each per acre. Rate of yield per acre :
Leibig, 9 0 pounds.... .... .... .. .... .. ........... ....................... Etiwan , 925 pounds.
PLAT No. 5 is the same quality of land as plat No. 4; 20 row.s 3 fe et apart and 70 yards lon g, alternately fertil ized with composts of Grange Mixture and Etiwan, at the rate of 300 pounds per acre. The average yield per acre :
10 ro ws Gran ge, 952 pounds ..............................lO rows Etiwan, 832 puu nds.

23

PLAT No. 6 is also same quality of land as No. 4; 20 rows 3 feet apart and 70 yards long, fertilized with comp-osts of fowlhouse and Etiwan, alternately at the rate of

300 pounds per acre of each.

Average yield of 10 rows Fowl house per acre .... . ............. . ....................920 pounds.

Etlwan

... ....................... ...... ................801

PLAT No. 7 is same quality of land as No.4; 12 rows 3 feet apart and 70 yards long, fertilized with composts of

Etiwan and 'Wando, alternately at the rate of 300 pounds per acre.

Average yield per acre Grows Ellwan .......................................................971 pounds. Wando ................................................... . ... n01
PLAT No. 8 is same quality of land as No. 4; 12 rows

3 feet apart and 35 yards long; fertilized with composts of

Leibig, and Pendleton's Superphosphate, alternately, at

the rate per acre of 300 pounds of former and 200 pounds of latter.

A-verage yield per acre 6 rows Ltebig.......................................... ... ............1,12b po11nd1. Pend!P.ton ... ..... ................................... ........1,213

PLAT No. 9 is same quality of land as No. 1; 14 rows,

3 feet apart and 35 yards long; Wando and Etiwan composts applied alternately, at the rate of 400 pounds per

acre.

Rate of yiekl per acre of Wanuo ...............................................................1,:130 pounds .

I

E tiwnn ............................................................... l,~ 0

PLAT No. 10 is same quality of land as o. 2; 6 rows 3 feet apart and 70 yards long; Stono and Leibig com-

posts applied at the rate of 400 pounds per acre alternately.

Rate of yield per ncra of Sl.ono...................................... ..... .......................1,1nn pounds. L elbig................................. ................................l ,200

PLAT No. 11, planted in corn . This plat is creek bot-

tom, subject to overflow; old land, and has been planted in

corn for many years. Sediment from overflow the only
manuring; 28 rows 3k feet apart and 70 yards long, and
one stalk every 3 feet in the drill. A set of four rows for
each of the following fertilizers: Wando, Leibig, Nati onal,

Stono, and Grange Mixture composts, at the rate of 250

24
pounds per acre; and Pendleton's Superphosphate at the rate of 200 pounds per acre ; and 4 rows no fertilizer.
The rate of yield per acre of middle rows of each set is as follows: Wando, 35 1-7 bushels; Leibig, 35 bushels; National, 411-7 bushels; Pendleton, 35 1-7 bushels; Stono, 38 4-7 bushels ; Grange Mixture, 32 4-7 bushels; nothing, 25 5-7 bushels.
In the year 1875 I tested on plat No. 1 and plat No. 4, and the yield on No. 1 was about the same as the present year ; but on No. 4 the yield was 700 lbs. more per acre than yield of present year. Some other portions of my crop yielded about the same as last year, whilst by far the larger portion was cut off as plat No. 4,
In this locality we had no rain during the last three weeks in August and the first two weeks in September; and we had an early killing frost, hence in the large portion of my crop the burning dry weather destroyed the August crop of fruit, and the early frost the larger portion of the late crop of fruit. In the early part of August the prospect of a very large yield was never better.
All my cotton crop except the plats on which tests were made, was fert ilized in the drill with the Etiwan compost ; and in planting I had about 50 lbs. to the acre put with the seed ; and as the plats for testing were staked off in the different fields, they received the same amount with seed in planting. All the seed was rolled in the compost. I did not intend this, and noticed it too late to prevent. So the tests on the rows not fertilized in the drills before planting, were not fair. In the plat of corn it was fair, as there was not a particle in four rows in the middle of the plat.
It seems however to demonstrate that a moderate portion of fertilizers put with the seed, pays better on good land than in the drill under the seed.
I think the fertilizers I have used in testing this year are all good. The yield has varied materially on different

25

plats. It is impossible to lay off plats entirely equal in all parts"; and the stand will frequently vary in different rows. The nearest approximation to a perfect test of two fertilizers, can be made by testing in alternate rows. All of which is respectfully submitted .

.Experimmtof B. LeSueur, Knoxville, Crawford County, Ga.
Soil not described.
aSoluble Pacific Guano, 90 pound! per acre." ......... .........770 lb . eeed cotton per acre Wilson' Super-Phosphate of Lime, 90 pound per acre......~25 ... aCotton Seed Compot, 1100 pound ,per acre.............. .......... 630 ... Without Fertilizer.......................... ....... ........... ...... ...... ......850 ..
Of the cotton fertilized with Soluble Pacific Guano, nine"
tenths was gathered before cdl1d weather; of that with
cotton seed compost eight-ninths, and of that with Wilson's super-phosphate of lime, six-sevenths.
He used the Soluble Pacific under corn, resulting in trebling the yield. He thinks it quadrupled the yield of sweet potatoes.

Experiment of T. H. Kmbraugk, Cataula, Hart-z's County, on Cotton.

The same experiment was made on different plats-one

gray and the other red son. Mr. Kimbrough thinks that

125 pounds per acre would have produced more than 200

during the last season, which was too dry for liberal man-

uring.

Pounds seed cotton per acre

GrayLand.

1ted J.an d

aC. C. Coe's Soper Phosphate,200 pound per acre.................. 525

620

Without Fertilizer . . ...... ..... ............ ....... .. ...................... 245

262

Ober's Ammoniated Super-Phosphate, 200 pounds per acre... 568

576

Without l>ertillzer............................................................... 250

2M

Soluble Facific Gu ano, 200 pound per acre........................... 580

570

Without Fertilizer................................. ............................. 2

1162

aDugdale's .Ammoniated Super-Phospho.te, 200 lb. per acre. 050

560

Without F ertilizPr ...... ............ ............................. ............... 245

265

aBarry's Com. Bi-l'hos. of Lime com poet, 200 pound per acre 530

576

Expert'ment oj L. M. Felton, Marskallvt'lle, Macon County, on Cotton.

Soil described as uniform but thin, and having been under cultivation for many years. Mr. Felton used 167

26
lbs. of each fertilizer on ten rows 475 yards long, or t110 lbs. per acre.
aSardy's Pbos-Peruvian, 170 pounds of EerUiizer per aere ...462 Ius. seed cotton per acre aPatnpeco Guano, 170 pounds per acre...............................517 ... aSolulJie Pacific .Acid Phoepbate, 170 pounds per acre.........500 ... Witbbut Fertilizer............................................................S53 ...
&pen'ment ofP. R. Hutc!tns, Duluth, Gwinndt County, on Cotton.
SorL.-Black sandy, with clay subsoil, southern exposure, rows running east and west; in cotton 1 87~, corn 1874, wheat 1875. Turned with one horse plow March lOth, bedded on fertilizers April 20th, planted with Dow Law April 21st, coverLd with board. Weather dry and cotton slow in coming up, but a good stand was finally secured. Sided May 19th, chopped out 22d, leaving 2 stalks 18 inches apart. Subsequent cultivation with sweeps and hoes; seasons good to August 5th, when drouth commenced, causing the cotton to shed bad!Y
PLAT No. 1.
aC. C. Coo's Rup11r-Phosphate, 420 pounds per acre............1050 !be. seed cotton per acre 'Without Fertilizer................. .................................... ...... 770 ... aDugdale's .Amrooul.ted Super-Pbos. 420 pou nds per acre ...1155 ... Without Ferl.lhzer ................. ...... ...... ...- ........................ 805 ... aBarry's Com. Bi-Phos, compoat, 700 pounds per acre......1086 ...
P L AT No.2.
aC. C. Coc'e Super Phoephate, 420' ponuds por a'cre.......... 9 0 ... Without Fertilizer ............... ........................ ... .................. 736 ... aDugdale's .Am . SupH-Phosphatll, 210 pounds per acre .. . 840 ... Without Fertilizer ................................................... ,........ 685 ... aBariy's Com. Bi-Phos. of Lime Com't, 272 pounds per acre 770 ...
Expen1nent of Wm. Studstill, Tempera?Zce, Telfar County, o, Cotton.
SOIL, ETc.-Gray sandy, not fertilized in 1875. It was subsoiled 8 inches deep. Cotton planted 6th April, good stand up by 16th; injured by cut worms-re-planted May 1st; plowed May 8th with solid sweep-chopped to a stand 9th ; second plowing and hoeing 29th-plowed with sweep June 13th and 29th-scraped over very shallow July 12th and laid by. Commenced picking August 18th.

27
Seasons good to July lOth, after which the cotton made nothing.
aOber' So. Ca,olina Dis&olved Bone, 200 pounds per acre ... I050 lb. oeed cotton per acre Witbout Fertilizer ............ ...... ..........................................1050 ... <~W ilcox&. Gibbs' Mani pu 'td Guan o, 200 poundo per ncr e.. .ll90 ... Bradley ' Am . Disolved Bones, 200 pounds per acre .... .11 90 ... Sardy's Phospho Peruvian, 200 pou nd per ncre...... ...... . .. 1172X
Ezperml'ntof H. L. W Allzson, R zstzg Fawn, D ade Cozmty, o1z Com aJtd Grass.
SoiL-Black loam. He applied Climax Super-Phosphate to corn in the hill. Result-The product on the fertilized rows weighed 62 lbs. per bushel, while that from the unfertilized weighed only 55 lbs. He top dressed orchard grass with Land Plaster with most satisfactory results--weights not given.
E zpatmeut ofJas. H. McElmurray, Butler, Tay/01 County, on Cottou.
SoiL, ETc.-Ordinary pine lan d with sandy soil and yellow sul::soil. J:and well broken, flush, with diamond p ointed shovel; cotton planted last of April in shallow furrow and cove red with board ; good stand secured.
CuLTIVATlON. -Barred off with short turn- plow, very shallow, using a small half scrape on the heel of the stock under the tap. After chopping to a stand, it was sided with small shovel and short scrape. It was plowed four times, and hoed onc,e after it was chopped out. Land !'ever fertilized before. Seasons good 'till August 1st, after wh ich the cotton suffered from dro uth and excessive heat. Injury estimated at one-third.
aP. B & P. Ju blo Bone, 200 pounds per acre...... ......... 700 pounde eeed cotton per acre Wit bout fertilizer ........................ ............................._420 aAbacoGuano,200 pounds per acre ...... .................. ......770
Mr. McElmurray received sample of Ragsdale's A mmoniated Super-Phosphate after the above plat was planted. He applied this to very po()r old land, 75 lbs. per acresays it doubled the crop. He used th e Abaco Guano and P.~ B. & P. Soluble Bone on red land with satisfactory results.
I


28
&ptrimmt of J. R . Respess, Ellaville, Sc!tley Co'Jtnty, on
Cotton.
SorL.-Coarse and sandy, Fertilized in 1875. Prepared and cu:tivated as usual.
PLAT No.1.
aEtilr&n Guano, 200 pounds of fertil izer per acre............... 970 lbs. seed cotton per acre Without F ertilizer.. ......................................................... 880 .. . aExcellenzs Cotton Fertilizer, 200 pounds per acre .......... ..1070 ... Without F ertilizer ............ ... .................. ............ ............... 830 ... ..National Sol. Bone (Pratt) compost, 200 pounds per ocre ...l004 ... l\ ithout Fertilizer............ ........................ ........................ 804 ... .Manipulated Guano (Wllcox & Gibbs), 200 pounds per acre ... 980 ... Without Fertilizer .............. .................. .......................... 840 ...
PLAT No. 2.-Sandy soil, with clay subsoil. Fertilized in 1874. Cultivated as No. 2;
Etiwan Guano (purchased) 200 pounds per acre ...............1,120 lbs. seed cotton per acre Without fertilizer........................... .............................. 1,050 ... a Etiw&n Guano, 200 pounds per acre...... ........................1,120 .. . Without fertilizer..... ..... .......... .............................. ........1,000 ... aExcellenza Oltton Fertilizer, 200 po11nds per acre...........l,057 ... Without fertiliz er......... .................................... .............. 960 aNational Soluble Bone compoet, 200 pounds per acre ......1,T90 ... Without fertilizer............................. .................. ............ 960 ... Manipulated Guano (Wilcox & Gibbs) 200 Jbs. per ncre ...1.190 ... Without fertili zer .................. ........................................ 980 ...
PLAT No. 3.-Sandy hammock land, very good. Prepared, planted and cultivated as the other two. Never fertilized before,
Etlwan Guano, purchased, 100 pounds per acre.................1,750 lbs. seed cotton per acre Without fertllizer................................................ . .........1,120 ... aEttwan G11ano, 100pollnds peracre................................. l ,5JO ... Wi tbou t ferlilizer............ ...... ........ ...............- ......... ......1,0 0 ... aE xcellenza Cotton Fertilizer, 100 pound s per acre...........l,438 ... Without ferti lizcr ............................................. ............... 1,050 ... aNational Soluble Bone compost, 100 pounds per acre ...... ..l ,olO ... Without fertilizer ...................................................... ......1,080 ... Jolani pulated Guano (Wilcox & Gibbs) 100 pounds per acrcl,400 ... Withoutferlilizer.. ......................... ............ ..................... l,050 ...
Experiment o.f Samuel Hape, Hapevtlle, Fulton Oounty, on Ootton.
SorL.-Very thin mullatto with very hard red clay subsoil.
PREPARATION.-About the middle of April the rows were laid off 3! feet apart (without breaking the land flush,)

29
throwing the dirt ou t with a turn-shovel, and following in the bottom of the furrow with a scooter 2 inches wide an::i 16 inches long, breaking the ground about 8 inches deep. In this furrow the fertilizers were distributed. The bedding was done with a scooter 4 inches wide and 14 long.
Cotton planted May 11th, with a F erguson planter ; 30th, barred off and brought to a stand ; 31st, middles plowed out with 14 inch scooter. June 20th, plowed out with scooter and scrape ; June 29th, hoed ; July ~1 st, plowed wi-th a scooter and scrape ; July 19th, same treatment, leaving the land perfectly clean. T hree rows were fertilized and three not, through the plats ; all of the three picked for the test.
Caatorla, 200 pounds per acre ................................................160 lbs. seed cotton per acre Withoutfertilizer......................................... ....................... 45 ... aGray's Fertilizing Compound, 200 pounds per acre.............. 80 ... Without fertill zer ..................................- ........................... 70 ... aDiamond .Am'd Dis. Bone compost, 350 pounds per acre......440 ... Witho ut fertili zer ...............................................................100 ...
aGuanape Guano compost, S:io pounds per acre.....................4io ...
Without fertilizer ...............................................................140 ... aAhaco Guano, 200 pounds per acre............ ...........................160 ... Withou t fertilizer ...............................................................130 ...
Experiment of J 0. Boswell, Woodville, Greene County, on
Cotton.
SOIL, ETC.-Sandy, with red clay sub-soil, such as would be called ' old worn out land." Broken in January with a two horse Brinly plow; in March rows open ed 3 feet apart and fertili zers applied and covered 4! inches deep ; bedded on with one-horse Brinly.
Cotton planted April 28th. No fertilizer had been applied to the land for six years. Cultivated with sweep and hoe. Picking commenced August 25th and was finished last of November.
Without fertili zer ....................................__..................450 pounds seed colton per acre aWilliams '< Brumby's Ground Bone, 200 lb per acre,
composted ........... . ...................... .... . ........ . . .... ............990
aSoluble Sea Island, 200 lba per acre.............................soo ...

/
30
Ezperimmt ofE. B. Hem'd, Elberton, Elbert County, on Cotton.
SorL, ETC.-Calcarous (?) with clay subsoil, cleared in 1875 and broken with turn -plow; growth common pine. Opened furrows 3 feet apart with shovel running twice to the row ; applied the fertilizers and bedded with turn-plow. Opened with bull-tongue, planted seed and covered with harrow May lOth. Barred off with turn plow 23d; 29th chopped to stand; June 6th plowed with sweep two furrows to the row and again the same way 29th. Hoed July 5th. August 7th plowed with sweep 3 furrows to the row, which laid it by.
SEASONs_-May 8th, rain-fair and cold to 13th, then light rain; fair and warm to 21st, then light rain ; fair and warm to 27th, cool rain from N. E.; 29th fair; 30th cloudy and pleasant; 31st light rain from East.
June 1st, rain from N. E.; 2d warm; 3d light rain and cloudy; fair warm days and cool nights to 11th; 11th and 12th, cool and damp; 13th, rain from East; 14th and 15th, rain from South; fair to 20th, light shower; fair and very hot to 30th, light rain.
July 1st and 2d, heavy rain; hot and dry to 21st, very light rain ; fair and cool to 29th ; 29th and 30th, rain, and and 31st, heavy rain.
August 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th, rain ; fair 8th, shower ; 9th rain ; fair to 13th and 14th, heavy rain ; fair to 20th, light rain; fair to 25th, light rain; dry and hot with cool. nights to September lOth, light rain; 11th, h~avy rain ; dry to 21st, heavy rain; dry with cool nights to 20th October, rain.
October 1st and 2d, light frost and 16th, 17th and 18th, heavy frost.
Mr. Heard used the following formula for composting, viz: Nitrate of Soda, 60 lbs.; Sulphate of Ammonia, 40 lbs.; Green Cotton Seed, 300 lbs; Stable Manure, 1,400 lbs. ; Dissolved Bone, 200 lbs. Total one ton of 2, 000 lbs.

31
Without F ertilizer......................................................... 490 lbs. seed cotton per acre. aP. B. &. P. Soluble Bone, 200 l bs. per acre ............ .......... 927 Without Fertllzer......................................................... 481 a Chcsnveake Guano, 200 lbs. per acre......... .....................l ,023X With out Gu no ...................................................... ........ 498 a Cotton Compound Am. Dlss. Bone, 200 lbs. per acre ...... 980 Without Fertilizer ....................... ...... .. .. ..................... 490 Home compost, by ahJve for mula, 200 lbs. per acre .. ........ 910
E zperment oj J. B. Ware, of H emd County, on Cotton.
SOIL.-Mulatto, not in cultivation in 1875. Planted and gathered as directed.
a Minor' Am . Super-phosphate, 200 lbs. per acre............ ......SIO l bs. eeed cotton per acre a Sol uble Pacific Acid Phosphate, 200 lbs. per acre ...............743 a Peruvian Guano, 200 lbs. per acre............... .......................908 Without Fertilizer.................. .. ................................. ........402 Cumberland Ammoni ated Super-pbos., 200 lbs. per acre.. . . . . 743 Sea Fo wl Guano, 200 lbs. per acre........................ ................ 717 Manipulated Guano, (Wilcox & Gibbs), 200 lbs. per acre......5i7
Experment of H. vV. M attox, Mci ntosh, Lberty Oounty, on
Cotton aud Oorn.
SmL.-Not described, bu t represented as being very poor. He composted Zell's Acid Phosphate, by mixing two pounds of stable manure with one of the acid phosphate. Apptied fertili zer to four rows as directed. So much of the cotton was destroyed by storm, that it was not practicable to weigh the results, but he says: "Where I applied the fertilizer, the land produced three times as much cotton." The fertilizer was applied at the rate of 200 lbs. per acre.
He applied Etiwan Guano and compost to corn, at the rate of ~00 lbs. per acre,. each, to four rows and measured the corn from sixty stalks, with the following results :
a 4 rows, Etiwan Guano...................... - ....................................2% bUl!hels to 60 stalks. a4 " Zell's Cotton Acid Phosphate compost...........................2
4. " ' Vit.hout Fert.illzer............ .. ....... .......................... .......l X
Experiment of Danet A. Hom, Boston, T!tomas Cou?Zty, on Cotton.
SoiL.-Thin gray, ~ith yellow clay subsoil, ten or twelve inches below the surface, and liable to sob when there is much rain, which was the case this year, soon after the cotton came up and before it was chopped out.

32
Cotton planted April 18, chopped out May 10, hoed once afterward, and plowed four times with gopher and sweep. Mr. Horn says: "The cotton began to show signs of ' blight ' June 27, as the result of four inches of rain which fell on the 16th, and was followed by excessively hot and dry weather." All the plats came up alike, but Nos. 1 and 3 grew off very slowly, and "fully twofifths died out -others nearly an average stand." ''Nos. 4 and 6 were not attacked by blight as early as the others, probably because they were not quite so forward, but had more young fruit when attacked."
Mr. Horn says: " I did not make over half a cropnever had a good season from middle of June until the weed was dead. Cotton all dead at second picking."
1. Without Fertilizer.........................................................128 lbs. seed cotton per acre 2. a Sardy's Phospho-Perunan Guano, 200 lbs. per acre...... 426 S. Compound mixed by Mr. Horn, as follows: 26 lbo. Peru-
Tian Guano, 50 lbs. Land Plaster, and 25 lbs. Whann's Baw Bone Super-puosphate, 200 lbs. per acre................373 ... 4. Land Plaster, 400 Jbs. per ncre.......................................J87 6. a Sea Gnll Am. DissolTed Bone, 200 lbs. per acre ......... ...426 . 6. Manure from lots, littered with pine straw, 12 ox-cart loads per acre...............................................................846
Experimeflt of Wm. Hix, Dzrt Town, Ohattooga County, on Cotton.
SoiL.-Mulatto, with red clay subsoil. SEASONS. -Very wet to July 4, after which, he says there were '' three months and a-half of the dryest weather I ever saw."
Soluble Pacific Guano, 350 lbs. per acre.............................704 Jbs. seed cotton per acre Wattson &:Clark's Super-phosphate, 350 lbs. per acrer787: ... Cumberland Am. Sup~r-pbospbnte, 350 lbs. per acre.......719 Bales' Guano, 350 lbs. per acre ..........................................6607'!1 ..
a Sea Fowl Guano, S50 lbs. per acre.................................686)1 a Grange Mixture, 350 lbs. per acre ..................................665
Without Fertllizer..........................................................4.15
Cotton Seed Compost and Carolina Fertilizer were assigned Mr. Hix, but he reports the Sea Fowl Guano and Grange Mixture.

33

E:t:pert"ment of Clzarles D eckner, Fulton County, on Corn.

SorL.-- Light gray upland, with a loose clay sub soil ; growth oak and hickory,
PREPARATION.-Broken in the Fall of 1875, with a two horse turning plow and thoroughly harrowed early in the Spring of 1876. Land freshly cleared, rows 4 feet. Fertilizers distributed and bedded on and corn planted.
CuLTIVATION.-Plowed twice with common scooter and hoed once.

Without fertilizer ............................ 4.87 bushels corn per acre, 87 i bs. fotlder per acre

aBahnrun Soluble Guano, 200 pounds

per acre.......................................16.76

180 .. .

aEnocb Coe's Am'cl BoueSuperphos

pbale, 200 pounds per acre ............12.82

165 ...

Tennessee VaUey Guano,l200 pounds

per acre.............................. ......[~ 80

250 ...

Seasons very good and stand perfect.

Expnt'ment of James Pattllo, West Poz'?Zt, P. 0. H ams County, o1z Cotton.
SOIL.-Old worn out land. Seasons unfavorable-very little rain after 1st July.
Without fertilizer.............................. ...........: ............ .......350 lbs. seed cotton per acre aAtlanllc Acid Phosphate, 200 pounds per acre .......... ......490 ...
Barry's Chemical Fertilizer was re'ceived by Mr. Pattillo and tested under cotton, but unfortunately he has not reported results, only remarking that he used it with "about the same results" as above.

Expen.mmt ofJas. H. Fannt'?z, LaGrange, Troup Count)', on

Cotton.

'

SOIL. -Sandy Loam with yellow clay subsoil. V ery old land. In corn without manure the year before. Seasons good to the latter part of July, after which it was very dry. Only 2d picking given.
3

34
aSardy's Am'd Soluble Pacific, 200 lbs. per ncre.....210 lbs seed cotton per acre 2d picking W ithout fertilizer..............................................175 ... a'>ardy's Dis. Bone Phos. com., 200 lbs. per ncre ...192 ... Withoutfertilizer ..................... .. .................. .......140 .. . a Dickson's Fertilizer [Aj 2110 pounds per ncre ......29T ... Withou t fertillzer ............. ................................210 ... a Wando Acid Phos. compost, 200 Jbs. per acre......l40 ... Without fertilizer............ ...... . . ................... ... 87 ...
The test rows were picked the first time duri ng Col. Fannin's absence, hence he was only able to report the 2d and last picking.
Experiment of A. E . Tarver, Bartow, J e.!ferson Oouuty, on Cotton.
SOIL.-Gray sandy with stiff red clay subsoil 12 inches below the surface, June and July were seasonable; too much rain 1st August, causing the cotton on the whole plat to rust. After that time not rain enough. Cctton. made nothing after August 15th.
B:u-. y's Compound Biphosphnte of Lime compvsteu 600 lbs.
per acre.......................... .......................- ..................sa lbs. seed cott~n per acre
Mathis' Chem . Compound compot, 600 pounds per ncre ...S75 aSwoo .Acid PQ.osphate compost, GOO ,pounds per ncre........S40 E. ~rank Coo's Am'd SuperpbosphatP, 200 lbs. per acre .... 840 Manipulated Guano( Wilcox & Glbb)200 pounds per ncre.S22Y. ... . aPend teton's Am 'd 15u perphos., 200 pounds per acre.......... 805 Row land ' s (Solomon's)Cbem . Compound, 200 lbs. peracre805 Salt.and Ashei compost , 600 lbs. per acre ........................805 I .ognn ' s o F er. Compound compot, 600 lbs. per acre........770 aOber's Am'<! Supe1phospbnte, 200 pounds pe racre...........735 Without fertilizer .............. .. ................................ ............560
In the above experiment the fertilizers were applied in consecutive rows. This is not a reliable method, since the roots of the cotton will extend across the rows and receive the benefit of the fertilizers applied to the rows on each side of it.
Exp~rinzmt of E. C. G1ier, Griswoldvill~, Jones Co., on Cotton.
" The soil is sandy, and as nearly uniform as could be desired. The rows were across the whole field-over six hundred yards long." The land was in corn in 1875, without fertilizer; produced about sixteen bushels per acre.
Seasons good until August; he thinks the cotton was not "materially injured for want of rain."

35

The rows were laid off with a long, narrow shovel, three feet three inches wide, on the 1st and 2d of April ; one acre with each kind of fertilizer. The fertilizers were applied and bedded on the 1st and 2d days of April. May 3d, seed rolled in Soluble Pacific Guano, six or eight pounds per acre, and planted. A good stand was secured.
May 23d and 24th, chopped to a stand ; June 1st swept two furrows to the row ; 8th, hoed; 20th, swept two furrows; 26th, hoed; 30th, swept; July 24th, swept; August 2d, swept one furrow.

e ::! ,:
" ~ ~ 00 =<~~

... - .7, "" "i
~
p.>.,:
~

0 "
I
:p.":..",.

,; .~
" ;8.
,. -g
::.: ~
0.. 2

-- "' -"' -"' ~

a Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bones,100 pounds compoeted wl th 150

P.o~ands each ol cotton seed and stable manure, 400 pounds fer

aSolo~~~.:r d~!n~~~~~ c;;;np;;~~;c jiii)'j;O~.~d;;;o;,;p;;;.te(i' ;;.iii; 1oo 503 186 22 711

pounds each of cotton seed and &table manure, 400 pounds fer-

tiliZer per acre.... .......... ....... .......... .......................................... 495 sno

Georgia tal<~ Grange F ertilizer , 200 pounds f rtilizer per acre_ ........ 795 206

Soluble Pacific Guano, 200 pounds fer 1ilizer per acre.......................... 840 2~6

aPatapsco Soluble Gumo, 2UO J>Onnds fertilizer per acre........ ............. 810 298

a\\'attson &. Clark's Superphophate, 200 pouuds fertilizer per acre_ ... 660 268

aRu;sell Coe's Am'd Superphosphate, 200 pounds fertilizer per acre...... 570 a15

Without fertilizer ................. ........ ......... ..........:... ......................... 370 164

L

og

an1'5sUSpoouuthnedrsneaFcehrtoilfizciontgtoCnosmepedouannda1

100 po stable

unds com manure,

posted with 400 pounds

fertilizer per acre... ..................... ......................................... 715 241

37 027 . 9 1010 14 !100 4 lll2 5 928 61 969 26 560
52 lOC i

Expen'ment oj J R. Cooper, Ogeeclzee, Screven County, o;z
Cotton.
SoiL.-Very thin, sandy; never fertili zed before.
Planted April 20th; plowed four times with sweep and
hoed twice.
Without fertllizer ............................................................297Y. Ibs . eed cotton per aere aCumberland Superphosphate, 200 ponnds per acre............472Y. .. l:ltono Soluble Guano, 200 pounds per acre...................... ..490 N ational Am'd Soluble Bone, 200 pounds per acre ...... ......629 aBradley's Am'd Soluble Bon e, 200 pounds per acre..........621 E. Frauk Coe's Am'd Bone Superphos., 200 lbs. per acre ... 630 Georgia SLate Grange Fertuizer, 200 pounds per acre........490
Ga. Slate Grange Dissolved Bones composted X DISl!Olved
&ne to~ cotton seed, 200 pounds per acre... .......... - ..885 Whann's Raw Bone Superphos., 200 po11nde per acre.........490

36
E-cperz'ment of M. S. Padm, Woodstock, Clzerokte County, ott
Com and Cotton.
SOIL.-High, upland, red clay soil, and stiff, red clay subsoil.
Land broken in February with No. 3 Watt plow, very deep.
April 1st, applied broadcast and plowed in deep, 500 lbs. of compost of stable manure, cotton seed and Atlantic Acid Phosphate. Corn rows were laid off five feet wide. Ober's Am'd. Sup.-phosphate and Patapsco Soluble Guano, were used at the rate of 200 lbs. per acre, in the drill, and compost at the rate of 300 lbs. per acre. These increased the yield of corn five bushels per acre over that portion to which no fertilizer was applied in the drill.
The plat planted in cotton was prepare-d as above, and 750 lbs. compost applied broadcast and plowed in.
PLAT No.1.
Compost of stable manure, cotton seed and Atlantic Acid Phosphate, 300 pounds per acre......................_ ........._1,277~ lba. seed cotton per acre
Without fertilizer ........................................................1,157 Liverpool salt, 300 pounds per acre ...............................1,260 Without fertilizer in the drill-top-dressed, 100' pounds
per acre ...- ........................ ................................. ......1,125 aPatnpscu Soluble Guano, 800 pounds per ncre..........- .1,090 W~tbout fertlliztr.................................... ... .................._l,060
PLAT No.2.
aObcr's Sol. Am'd Superphosphate, 400 lbs. per acre......1,268 lbs. seed cotton per acre Without ferti lizer......................................................... 945 aPatapsco Soluble Guano, 400 pounds per acre...........- ..1,260 Compost (equal money value as abov~...........................l,l37 Without fertilizer.................. ....................................... 997~ ... Without fertilizer in drill, but top-dressed, 100 pounds
per acre............................................. ~......................t,050
The rows were three feet and the cotton chopped to 18 inches, one stalk in the hill.
The above experiment is not reliable as a test of the fertilizers on account of the heavy broadcasting which the whole plat received, and the impossibibility of an exactly uniform distribution of fertilizers, broadcast, without ma-
~hin~ry.

Mr. Paden received samples of Defiance Super Phosphate, and Stern's Ammoniated Bone Super-Phosphate for test, but too late to use in the drill, and he used these for the top dressing of 100 lbs. per acre, in the rows ''without fertilizer" in each of the plats.

Experiment of Wm. C. Kz'lgore, Beeclt Grove, Walker Co., 01t Sweet Potatoes.
SoiL-Upland, with clay subsoil-very light, loose soil-growth, oak, hickory and pine.
Seasons, good to 20th August, after which there was no more rain till last of September:
Land broken with Nt. 20 Oliver Chilled plow, and afterwards bedded four feet wide. Slips set 20 to 24 inches apart.
aEtlwan Dis. Bone24 per cont., 200 pounds per acre.......110 bushels of pot.~toes per acre aBale's Guano, 200 pounds per acre ....- ..........................110 .. Without fertilizer .... ...... ....................................... 70 .
Mr. Kilgore applied the above fertilizers to corn, but the bud Worm injured the stand so that he was unable to make , a report of results.

Ezpen"ment oj W. F. Mathews, Winterville, Ogletlzorpe County, o1t Com and Cotton.

SorL.-Dark red, well broken and bedded with turning

shovel ; rows three fe et apart.

Cotton planted April 20th. First two plowings done

with square pointed scooter; chopped to two stalks to

every ten inches ; last phnv:ing done with sweep ; well hoed

after each plowing.



SEASONs.-May, 8! inches of rain; June, 10!; July, 7t;

August, 5n; September, 2t, to 22d of the month.

PLAT No. 1.-CoTToN.

a Blue Bone Super-Phosphate, 200 pound s per acre... ........ 695 lbs. seed cotton per acre Without Fertilizer ... ......... .. - - 542~ aEchols' Acid Phosphate, 200 pounds per acre.................752~
Without F ertilizer ...._ ............._.......... ........................./i25

38
PLAT No. 2.-CoRN.
a Echol's Acid P hosphate, 200 pounds per acre, yield, 10.17 bushels corn, and (00 400 pounds fodd er per acre.
Without Fertilizer, 9.65 bushels corn, nod 390 ponndsfodder per acre. aBlue Bon e Super:Phosphate, 200 pounds per "OrP, yield, 11.6 bushels corn, and 398
pounds fodder per acre. Without fertilizer , 10.58 bushels corn, and 390 pounds fodd er.
Corn was planted April 17th, on gray sandy land-rows fou r feet wide. Experime;zt ofJ as. F. Mandeville, Ft. Gai1tes, Clay County,
on Cotton. SOIL-Sandy. Planted in corn in 1875 ; never fertilized before this year. Broken with scooter and bedded with turn plow 20th April. Planted April 24th. Plowed four times and hoed three .times. Laid by July 3d, towhich time the seasons were good, afterwards remarkably dry.
aGuanibani Gunno, 200 pounds per acre..................... ......700 lbs. cotton seed per acre Wi thout FPrtillzer ................ ................................ ...........63~ .. aBrighton :Raw Bone S-Phos. LUpton,s] 200 pounds per acre 770 ... National Soluble Bone [PrattJ 200 pounds per acre............700 ... aGuuoibani Guano, 75 pouuds perac~e .................................6G:i ... aBrightln Raw Bone S-Phos. [Upton's] 75 pounds per acre 700 ... National Soluble Bone [Pratt,] 50 pounds per acre..............700 ...
Experiment of R. J R agan, Albany, Dougl:e1ty, County, on
Cotton.
SoiL.-L ight sandy ; had b een planted in cotton for five successive years. Fertilized in 1875 with stable manure. The rows were opened between the old ones with shovel, and listed with scooter. Cotton planted on 12th April. All cultivation with sweep and hoe. Crop suffered for rain in July and Aug ust, causi ng it to shed the squares and small bolls. All open by November 1st.
PLAT N0. 1.
aEagle Ammoniated Bone, Su-Phos. 200 pounds per ncre ...875 lbs. seed cotton per acre Without Fertilizer............................................................807 ... a Georgln Stato Grunge Dis. Bone, 200 lbs. per acre ...............910 ...
PLAT No. 2. On old stubble land, in oats for three successive years; fertilizers applied in water furrows, and beds reversed on
them~

39
aRu,..ell Coe's Am. Bone Super-Phos. 200 pounds per nero 980 lbs. cotton send per acre Without Fertil!zer............................................................605).( .. .
Experimmt of W. A. Stewart, McDonough, Henry County, on Cotton.
SorL.-Red, with stiff red clay subsoil - had been n dtrtJcr for five years. Broken in September, 18i5, with two horse Brinly plow and subsoiled. Before planting last spring, it was rebroke with lo ng, square-pointed subsoiler; bedded well, and planted with Garlington planter last of April. Cultivated shallow with shovel and sweep. Seasons abundant to August 1st. There was no August crop. Cotton serio usly injured by dry, hot winds.
PLAT No. I-CLOVER LAND .
aDickson's Compound, 200 pounds per nere.. .................. ...... 910 lbs seed cotton per acre Without fenilizer...................................... ........................ 640 ... aEgle Am Bone Super-Phosphate, 200 lbs per ncre............ l330 .. Without fertilizer..................................................... ....... - 660 ... ... Bro<lley's Patent Supcr-Phos. 200 lbs per ncre .....................1324 ... Without fertilizer............................................................. GliB ... Diamotl(l Ammoniated Dilosolved tSone, 200 lbs per aere ......l298 ... ... Without fertilizer ............................................................... 620 ... ... Soluble Pacific Guano, 200 lbs per acre............................... l240 ... Without fertilizer........................................................._ 6 Ches~peake Guano, 200 lbs per acre.............. ......... ..... ....... 1328 ... Atlantic Acid Phosphate compo.st 300 lbs. per acre.............1404 .. .
PLAT No. 2-VERY THIN OLD PINE FIELD.
Without Fertilizer........................ . ..................................320 lbs. seed colton per acre Dickson's Compound , 200 lbs. per acre.......... ...............480 ... a Eagle Am. Bono 'lut>er-phos., 2JO lbs. per aere.................. -498 ... Bradley's Patent Super-Phos, 200 lbs. per 1\Cre...... ... .........408 ... Dinm<>nJ Awruouiated Di<30lved Bone, 200 lbs per ncre....A40 ... Soluble Paific Gunno, 200 lbs. per :.ere......................... .. 396 ... CheslJ>"ake Guano, 200 lbs per acre..............- .. ..... ..........460 ... Atlantic Acid Phosphate, compost 300 lbs. per acre ..............503 ... Without Ferlilizer........... .... ... .................. ... ......... ..............310 ...
Experiment of J. T. Lt'ndley, Powder Spring, Cobb County,
on Cotton. /
SotL.-Not described. Planted in cotton in 1874, fertilized with barn-yard manure; in wheat in 1875, fertilized with cotton seed.
Land broken in December, 1875, with two-horse Watt plow seven or eight inches deep. Opened with shovel, guano distributed and bedded on with turning plow.

40
Cotton planted 19th of April; seed rolled in ashes and Jropped eighteen inches apart ; plowed first tim e with harrow, and reduced to a stand. Subsequent cultivation with sweep.
Seasons generally good until August, when a dry, hot spell caused it to shed one-third of its fruit.
a Dickson's F ertilizer, [AJ 300 Jbs. per acre .........................HOO lbs. seed cotton per acre aNaTaS&'\ Guano, 300 pounds per acre................................1410 ... aStern's Am. Super-Phosphate, 300 lbs. per acre ................1260 ... Without Fertilizer...... ................... .......................... ........ 710 Merryman's Am'd Dis. Done, 300 lbs. per acre.................l260 ... ... Brighton Raw Bon eS uper-P~lOs.(Opton) 300 lbs. per acre 1260 ... ... Ragsdule's Ammoniated Bone Phosphate, 300 lbs. per acre 1225 "oluble Bone, 300 lbs. per acre.......... ................................1330 'lLognn So. Fer. Compound compost, 600 pounds per acre...12GO
Experiment of Wz'llis L z'ttle, Carrollton, Carroll County, on Cotton .
SoiL.-Light gray, sandy upland, with red clay subsoil - been in cultivation twenty years-in oats in 1875. No guano ever applied before this year.
March 1, rows were opened, three feet apart, and listed. April13 broke out middles with shovel, and followed in the same furrow with diamond-pointed scooter. In this furrow the fertili zers were applied, and the beds reversed. April 21 the beds were opened with three-inch scooterseed planted and covered with harrow ; 27th knocked off the beds with board; good stand-was soon up. May 29, sided with four-inch scooter, and chopped to stand same day-this followed by siding with four-inch scooter.
Jun e 21 sided with four- inch scooter, with twelve-inch heel-scraper. July 6 hoed and sided with six-inch shovel, with twelve-inch scraper ; split out the middles next day.
Seasons good up to 20th August, after which there was no rain for six weeks.
Frost October 1, destroyed top crop.
Without F ertilizer ...... ...... ................................... ............ 73~ Jbs. seed cotto n per acr e a Whitlock's Yegetator, 200 lbs. ptr acre...... ...... _ .........1,260 ... a Soluble Sea-Island Guano, 200 lbs. per acre ..................... 910 ...

41 &periment of Mr. Ltt!e on Oom.

SOIL.-Light sandy, with red clay subsoil; been in cultivation twenty years ; in oats, without manure, in 1875.
PREPARATION.-Land broken in February with small turn-plow. April 1st, rows run off 4 feet wide and bedded with 4 inch scooter, leaving middle to be broken with 6 inch shovel. After beds we re completed, checked off with 4 inch scooter 4! feet wide, dropped corn and fertilizer in checks 2 or 3 inches apart; covered with harrow.
CuLTIVATION.-May 6th, sided with 2 inch scooter; 13th, sided with 3! inch scooter; 17th, plowed out with
8f inch scooter and mould-board ; June 1st, plowed out
with 3! inch scooter and 12 inch scrape; June 5th, plowed out corn with shovel _>nd mould-board; 14th, hoed; 19th, last plowing witll 3! inch scooter and 18 inch scrape.

Without Fertlli zer ............ ............525 lbs. fodder per acre.....21 bush. corn. per acre

a Whitlock's Veget'r, 200lbs. pr. acre..630 ..

.. ....81

a Soluble Sea-Island Guano, 200 lbs.

per acre.....................................595 -

.....30K ..

Seasons uniformly good till the fodder was pulled.

Expen?nmt of n,. B. C. Smtth, Cold Water, Elbert County,
ott Cotton.

SOIL.-Gray, with yellowish subsoil, on red clay foundation ; easterly exposure, but nearly level; old field, used as pasture about ten years, not grown up. Broke in early spring by common shovel, followed by subsoil plow in the same furrow-both one-horse ; harrowed in dry condition April 11th; opened with straight shovel; fertilizers distributed and bedded on 27th April ; cotton planted May 5th ; cultivated as usual.
Seasons not described.

a Ober's Genuine Phospho-Peru., A. A., 200 Ibtl. per ncre ...44984 Ibs. se(d cotton per acre
Without Fertilizer .. ...................................... 79
a Farmer's Fertilfzing:compound, 200 lbs. per acre..437_!! ..

42
&perimnzt oj J. P. Turner, Boston, Thomas County, on
Cotton.
SoiL-Not described. Preparation, cultivation and season ommitted.
a Tennessee Valley Guano, 200 lbs. per ac re ...... ...... . ..1,435 lbs. seed cotton per acre Wi thout Ferlilfzer. ........................... ............... ...... ....... 980 aFarmer's Fertilziing Compound, 200 lbs. of fertilizer com-
posted with 400 lbs. of cotton seed, GOO lbs. per acre .1,242)\1' ...
Experiment o.f W. P. Edmondson, LaGra1tge, Troup Cou1zty, on Cotton.
SOIL.-U pland, clayey soil, with red clay subsoil. Land had not been cultivated for several years-had been in pasture. It was broken in the spring with a scooter, bedded in the usual way, and the cotton planted 24th of April. Cultivated as usual; plowed four times and hoed twice.
Seasons were good 'till lOth August. Planted and fertilizers applied as directed.
Wi thout Fertilizer....................................... ..................... 735 lbs. seed cotton per acre. aLt>ibig's Formula (for compousing), 200 lbs. per aere........l,l90 ...
a Bradley's Patent Super-phosphate, 200 lbs. per acr e........l ,350 ...
Liebig's Formula was composted as follows, viz: Liebig's Formula, 200 lbs.; Cotton seed 200 lbs ; Stable manure, 200 lbs.
E xpen'mmt ofJ. S. Linton, Athens, Clarke County, on Cotton.
SOIL.-" Generally dark loam, with a few s~ndy spots; stiff clay subsoil. The field (1 2 acres) upon which the experi ments were made is comparatively level, was in oats in 1874, and in corn in 1875."
It was thoroughly broken with one-horse turning shovels. The rows were run three feet apart, across those made in breaking, 325 yards long. The fertilizers were each applied to one acre.
The land was nicely bedded and the cotton planted on the 27th, 28th and 29th, of April. On the 15th of May there was a good stand. It was sided on the 17th, with long scooter, and middles thoroughly broken with the same plow, the hoes following and reducing to a stand.

43
All after cultivation was done with sweep and hoe and the crop kept clean.
The E tiwan Dissolved Bone was composted as follows : Etiwan Dissolved Bone, 167 lbs.; wheat bran, 400 lbs., and scrapings from gin circle, 600 lbs.; all moistened with a strong solution of copperas, and let stand ten or twelve days. Hen manure compost was prepared as follows: 4 barrels hen manure, 4 barrels ashes, and 6 barrels of mould scraped from fence corners of a wood-lot.
The Grange Fertilizer, 157 poundo per acre........................_6H !be. seed cotton per acre Merrym,.n's Am'd Dis. Bone, 167 pounds per acre ...........666 Ober's oluble Bone, 167 pound per acre..... ............ ........655 .. aBarry's Granger's Fertilizer, 167 pounds per acre....... . .......718 aEtlwan D!o. Bono compost, 1,167 pounds per acre... .... ......917 . Hen manure compost, 14 barrels per acre ......... .................... 825 ..
Experiment of C. W. Sproull, Rome, Floy d Co., ott Cotton.
SorL. -Chocolate loam; in wheat in 1874, in corn in 1875, not fertilized either year. Experiment conducted according to directions.
aSoluble Pacifi c Guano, 200 pounds per acre................... .1,400 lbs. seed cotton per acra Acid Pbospnate compost, 300 pounds per acre.. ...............1,2UO aW!Ilinms Brumby'e Ground Bone compost, 300 pou nds
per ere ....... ... .. ... . .................. ........ .... ............... .. ... ....1,01~ .. Stable manure alone, 600 pounds per ncre ............ ...... ......1,250 .. Acid Phosphate compost, 600 pounds per ncre......... .........1,645 aWilllams & Erumby's Ground Bone com post, 600 pounds
per acre ...... .............................................. ......... .........1,190 WIthoutfertillzer .................. ...... ............ ...... ...... ...... ......1,032
.Hxpniment of R. H Hardaway, T!tamasville, Thomas Co.
Mr. Hardaway applied one sack each of aDicksons' Compound and a Barry's Grangers' Fertilizer. and one barrel of aPratts' Am'd. Soluble Bone per :fere to oats, which were so seriously injured by drouth that he did not weigh the results separately. This is regretted, as failures often teach very instructive lessons.
Experiment of A. E. Sturgis, Thomson, McDufft'e Coutzty, on Cotton.
SorL.-Sandy loam with clay sub-soil; fifth year's cultivation. It was prepared with a twelve inch two-horse

44
steel shovel, followed by a six inch scooter-both twelve inches long, rows laid off3 feet apart with a twelve-inch straight shovel. Fertilizer applied in this furrow and bedded with turn plow. Simpson Prolific seed planted, all rolled in ashes. The cotton was plowed four tim es with sweep and hoed twice. Seasons not given.
PLATNo.l.
a Carolina Fertilizer, 192 pounds per acre, cost $5 per acre 1487 lbs. seed cotton per acre WlthontFerti llzer............ ............................... ...... ............ 892 ... Compost or cotton seed and stable manure, 400 pounds
per acre, cost $2.83 pounds per acre.................. ......1683 ...
PLATNO, 2.
aLadd's Alkaline Fertilizer, (not composted,) 200 pounds per acre, cost $2,50 per acre....................................12SO lbs. seed cotton per acre
Witbou.t Fertilizer . . . ..................... .................... ............1125 ... .. Compost of cotton seed, stable manure and muck mixed
In equal parts,'400 pounds per ncre, coot $3,60 per acre............................................... .........................l675 ... ...
Mr. Sturgis says: "l also tried the Oyster shell lime composted with cotton seed and stable manure, and found it a disadvantage ; not yielding as much as the natural soil. I think it causes the Ammonia to escape."
Experiment of F. L. Bridge, Albany, Doug!terty County, on Cotton.
SoiL'-Light gray; been ih cultivation for twenty years ; planted in corn in 1875; plowed with large turning shovel 1st of March; bedded to 3 foot rows 1st of April: planted 8th. The beds were opened and the fertilizer distributed with a Dow Law planter: plowed first time with sweep May 5th; May 12th, first rain, followed by good seasons to July 5th; after which occurred a very hot and dry sea-
son to August 13th, when there was -! inch of rain which
did but little good, as the weather continued very dry and hot into September; cultivation done with sweep and hoe ; laid by July 20th.

45
aBnhama Soluable Guano, 400 pilunds per acre.....................810 lbs. seed cotton per acre aEcbols Raw Bone SuperP hosphate, 400 pounds per acre......714 . llell's Am. Bone SuperPhosphate, 400 pounds per acre.. ...664 'Vlthout b'erlillzer..... . ............ ........................420
E.:~periment ofJ. B. Jones, H etndon,Burke County, on Cotton.
SotL.-Thin gray; been in cultivation for 75 years; was cultivated in cotton last year, without fertilizer. On the 28th of March, with 6 inch shovel, opened a furrow between the old cotton rows; ten days afterwards run 5 inch shovel in the same furrow, for the purpose of deepening and freshening the furrow. The fertilizers were drilled in this furrow.
The fertilizers were all covered and bedded on, in the same way.
The preparation and cultivation of the plats for each fertilizer were the same and worked on the same day every time. Cotton planted on the 25th of April after a light rain on the 24th, followed by another rain on the 29th. The cotton was barred off on 22d May, chopped out on 26th, and sided 27th with sweep. Plowed and hoed on 27th and 28th June ; rain fell on ten days in June. July lst, plowed with sweep and again on 21st and laid by. Rain on the 22d July, followed by a severe drouth of five weeks. Before the drouth the cotton fertilized with the Navassa was the best. Dnring the drouth it failed more rapidly and shed more than the others, the Guanape then taking the lead. Each fertilizer was applied to a plat of 8 rows, and the middle two rows of each plat was picked for the test.
aM~rryman 's DissolvM Bones, 200 lbs. per acre.... 822lbs. seed cotton per acre aMerrymnn's Dis. Bone compost, 400 pounds per acre ......l046 . ... Without fertilizer ........ ............., .......... 2 6 Guanape Guano, 200 pounds per acre..................... 948 aGuannpe Guano compost, 400 pounds per acre..... .1034 Without Jertilizer............... .............. . _. 260 aNavaSSll Guano, 200 pounds per acre............... 660
Experiment o.f 111. L. Pritchett, Cartersville, Bartow County,
on Cottqn. SoxL.-Upland clay loam, with red clay subsoil. Land

46

has been alternated in cotton and wheat for several yearsmanured in the drill with compost of cotton seed and acid

phosphate when in cotton-was in wheat in 1875 without

fertilizer. The land was broken in the spring with a two-horse

clipper plow, then harrowed and bedded with a one horse turn plow, followed by subsoil plow in each furrow.
The cotton was planted on the 15th April. Owing to

heavy rains, followed by baking winds, a full stand was not secured. The first plowing was done with a side harrow. It was plowed afterwards three times with tbe sweep, and hoed twice. Seasons favorable to August lOth. After that date there was a severe drought, accompanied by extremely hot weather, which stopped produc-

tion. Experiment conducted strictly according to directions.

:Bales' Chemical composted wi th cotton seed, one shovel

full of Chemical to lour of cott<>n eed, wet with alt

water, 2()() lbs. fertilizer per acre.............. ..................700 lbs. Eeed cotton per acre

Without lerkiluer . . . . ......... .................. . ... .......................560 "

''

''

a Wando Fertilizer, 200 lbsperacre ................ ......... .........i70 "

aE. Frank Coe's Am'd Sup. Pbos 200 lbs. per acre ....... ....752Y. "

&pm1rzent o.f G. W. C. .!Jifu1zro, Buena Vista, Marion Co.,

on Cotton.

SoiL.-Sandy loam, with good clay subsoil 5 inches

from the surface; was in cotton in 1872, wheat in 1873, corn in 1874 fertilized with English Bone, 50 lbs. per acre; in wheat in 1875. No manure was applied any year except 1874, when the yield was about 3 bushels of'' nub

bins " per acre. It was broken with turning shovel in December, 1875-

a good crop of poverty weed turned under. Furrows were opened for the fertilizers by running two furrows to the row with turn shovel. The cotton was planted May 6th. The stand being imperfect the test was determined by picking from 100 stalks in each row.
SEASONs.- Favorable to August lOth, after which the

crop suffered from a drouth of six weeks.

47

aEtiwnn Crop Food Chemicals 300 lb. per acre...............S~ lbs. seed cotton per row .

aM:erryman's Ammoniated Dlss. Bones, 300 1bs. pera~re 7 "

u

C4'

" u

Wilcox & Gi bbs' Man ipl. Guano com p. 300 lbs. per acre 8 "



W !lcox 1.: Gibbs' Manipulated Guano, 200 lbs. per acre ... 1 ~ " " "

Stable manure, 300 lba per acre....................... .... .......... .. 7 u u

t Vithout Ferti lizer.................... ....... .... ....... ....... .... ........ 6 "

'' "

The E ti wan Crop Food Chetpicals was received in very

bad condition, and hence at a disadvantage.

E::rpen1tzmt of M r. Munro on Sweet Potatoes.

SoiL-Stiff, clayey, with clay subsoil al,)Qut 4 inches

from the surface ; has been cleared 19 years and continu-

ously cropped during that time. It was in wheat in 1872,

cotton in 1873, ground peas in 1874, and oats in 1875.

It was broken in the spring with turning shovels, and a

crop of weeds turned under. June 15th, two turn shovel

and one subsoil furrows were run in the same place, open-

ing furrows 4 feet apart, in which the fertilizers were dis-

tributed.

BUSU.ELSPER ACRE.

From lips. From vi nes

aEthvan Crop Food Cbemico.ls comp. 9<'0 lbs. of fertilizer per acre 09

133Y.

aMerryman's Am'd Di. Bone comp. 900 lbs. of fertilizer per acre 133Y. 104%

Wilcox &Gibbs' MaJJi p'd G uano com p. 900 lb>. of fmt'zr. per acre 72%

1 3~)9

Cotton Seed composted 900 Ibs. }Jer acre................................. ... 178

209

Wi thout Fertilizer...... .............................. ................................. 59

29%

The composts were prepared by mixing eight measures

of stable manure to one of the fertilizers.

Mr. M unro received from the Department "Bale's

Chemical" but it was mixed by mistake of a laborer with

another fertilizer, and hence, no test.

Experiment of Thomas D ixon, Gatden Vallty, Mac01t County, on Cottou.

SoiL.-Gray and very poor, with clay subsoil; has not been fertilized for several years. Furrows were opened lOth of March, fertilizers distributed and listed on with scooter; beds made with turning plow. Cotton planted April lOth, and covered with board; barred off \\ ith turn plow, and five days after chopped to a stand. All subsequent cultivation done with sweep and hoe, Seasons not

given.

48
PLAT NO. I.
aLeyden's Am. Soluable Guano, 200 pounds per acre.......6S2X lbs, seed cotton per acre Without fertilizer ...... ...... ................ ...... ........ ...............245
PLAT NO.2.
aManhattan Blood Guano, 200 pounds per ecre, ... ............253Y,Ilis. seed cot ton per acre Without fctillHrer .............................. ... ...- .... ............. ......122M .... ....
Experiment of Charles C. Sheppard, Americus, Sumter Co., on Cotton and Com.
SorL.-Sandy with clay subsoil, has been cleared 15 years; was in cotton in 1874 unfertilized; in corn in 1875 manured with cotton seed.
Plat for cotton arranged and picked as directed ; planted April 24th and cultivated in the usual way ; seasons good until 25th ~f July ; then very dry through Aug ust, there being only a few light showers during that time.
The Corn was planted in the usual way and cultivated 1st, deep with scooter; 2d, with round shovel, and 3d with sweep.
Dobbs' Chemicals were composted with cotton seed and stable manure by formula No. 1.
PLAT N o. 1.-COTTON.
Wattson and Clark's Super-Phos. ~00 pounds yiel dod....... S05 lbs. eeed cotton per acoce Without fe:-ti lizer ...... .... h . . .. ....n 649 Wilcox&. Gibbs' Ma nipulated Guano, 200 pounds per ncre..7i0 Without Fertilizer............ .... ....... ......... .... .. ....... ..............526 aDobbs' Chemlcnla composed b y formula No. 1, 200
pounds per acre yleided- ........................... ...... 892~ Without Fertilizer............ .............. ......... ........................560 aBaldwin & Co's, Am. Dissolved Bone, 200 pounde per
acre yielded. ......... .. ................ . .................... _,, 700 Without Ferillizer .. .. ..... .......... .. ........... ......... .... ..............OOiY. aEureka Am. Dis, Bone, 200 pounds per acre yieldod........612Y. Without Ferlllizor... ................ .. ......... .............................490
Pt.AT No. 2.-CoRN,
Watlson & Clark's Super-Phos 200 pounds per acre ylelded.... ...........12 bushels per BCre Without Fertilizer......... ............. .. .. ........................... .... ................. . 6 Wilcox & Gibb's Manipulated Guano, 200 pounds per acre yielded....IS Withsmt Fertilizer ....... ................. ................ , ... ......... ....... .............. 7 aDobb's Chemicals, composted 200 pounds pee acre.................. .......llY. Wllbout Fertilizer.................._..... ............ .. ............. ................ ....... GM aBaldwin & Co's., Am. Super-Pbos. 200 pounds pcr acre yielded.......18 Without Fertilizer ..................................._ ............. ................. ....... 7M nE ure kaAm. Dis. Bone. 200 pounds per acre ylelded........................12X Without Fertilizer................................................... _,,....,............ 7

49
Ex}L'1'tment of E. S. Baldwin, Ellaville, Sc!tley County, ott Cotton.
SOIL.-Old mulatto'land with clay subsoil. F ertilize rs applied and the land bedded on April 1st; cotton pl...nted A pril 15th. Plat arranged as directed.
aEtiwan Dis. Bone 24 pr. ct ~00 pou uds per acre, yiei<led.....SS3 lbs. seed cott.un per aero Wllhnut Fertilizer......... ....................... ........................ ......372 a:Uinor's Am. Super-Phos. 200 pou nds per acre yielded ......718 ... Without FertUizer . ......... .............................. ...... ..............3.Jl ... a Pbronix Guano, 200 pounds per acre y ielded .................503 ... Wi tho ut Fertilizer....................... .... ................ .. .......... .......320 .. .
Mr. Baldwin applied aPopplein's Silicated Super-Phos phate to \ Vheat and Potatoes without any perceptible benefit.
Experimazt of ]olm T. Wz1zgfield, vVasluitgton, Wz'!kes Count;, 011 Cotton.
No. 1.-SoiL.-Fresh upbnd, light gray, but not sandysome gravel; yellow clay subsoil.
Land cleared 1874, burned off 1875, and planted in cotton, fertilized with Georgia State Grange Fertilizer.
Broken up, 1876, with small scooters, and plowed with small shovels. Fertilizers and seed applied in the same furrow ; seed rolled in ashes; planted April 13th, and covered with common straddle harrow. May 15th, sided with small scooter and chopped out-left rather too thick in the row. June 3d, sided with small sweep-hoed 27th. July 3d, one solid sweep furrow to the row. July 21st, two sweep furrows and hoed; 26th, one furrow with large swe..:p .
Seasons good to June 11th, when there were several days of rain, then no more to July 17th.
The land is naturally light, and the quantity of unclecomposed vegetable matter caused it to be too open all the season, especially during the intensely hot spell in July.
4
'
'

50

Lime, salt, and cotton seed compost, 210 lbs. per acre ........l,l51 lbs. seed cotton !Jer a cr~.

Soluble a Island Guano, 1951bs. per acre................. ......1,356 "

" "

uSolut.le Pacific Acid Phos., compost, 210 lbs. per acre...1,392 "

aSt.ern's Ground Bone, compost, 210 1bs. pet ncre ... .. ... ... 1,110 " '' ''

''

Cotton seed, plaster, and stable manu r e, c01upost, 210 lbs.

pet acre-" .. ..... . .....1,140 " u '' Stono Fertilizer, 195 l bs . per a~re ................. .. .. ........ ...... 1,260 "

Lime compost, 210 l bs. per acr e .......... .. ...... .... .. ............... 990 " "
Witb9Ut r..rt ilizer............................................... ...... ...... 975 "

"

.."..

Sol. F nc. Guano, 202 lbs. per acre................................... 1,230 " Ga. State Gmnge F ertilizer, 210 lbs. per acre .................. 990 "'lono Acid Phos., 21 0 Ius per acre ............................... 960 "

..

..

I

ardy's Acid Phosphate , 210 lbs. per acre.......... .. ...... .... .. l,liO "

Stern's Ground Bone c.>mpost was mixed ns follows: 200 lbs. Bone, 100 lbs. stable mrulllre, and 200 lbs. cotton seed.
Soluble Pacific Acid Phosphate was com posted. 200 lbs., with 200 lbs cotton seed . The cotton seed, plaster, nnd stab le manure compost was mad e of cotton seed, stable manu.rE', nnd plaster, not weighed tn . The lime com post was made as follows: oyster shell lim e 200 lbs. stable manure 100 lbs., cotton seed 200 Jbs., and 11 nl! bushel sa l~ The composts were made lllarc b 16th.

No. 2. - SOIL. -Dark mulatto old field, with red clay

subsoil. Planted in watermelons in 1875.

Spring of 1876, broken with two-horse plow and har-

rowed. F urrows opened with small shovel; cotton seed rolled in ashes, and put into the furrow with the fertilizers,

l

and covered with straddle harrow April 17th.

May 17th, sided with small scooter ; 22d, hoed; two

sweep furrows June 19 : hoed 27th; July 19, one furrow

to the row with large sweep ; cotton a good stand.

This plat was never fertilized before 1876. The com-

posts were the same as those used in No. J.

aSoluble Pacific Acid Phos. compost 19~ lbs per acre ... ...... 810 lbs. seed cotton per ntre aSI~rn's Ground Bone compost 210 lbs. per acre.................. 6i5 Lime ann sal t corupO!'t, 210 Jbs. per acre ...... .. ...................615 dono Fertilizer, 2u2 l bs. per acre...- ...............................930 stouo Acid Phosphate , 202 lbs per acre ...., ...................... .. .705 Soluble Sen Jsland Guano, 202 lbs per ucre................... 660 Cotton seed,piaslcr & stabl'e manure, com . 202 lbs. per acre5-50 Without fertilizer .. .......................................................300

No beds in either plat of Mr. Wingfield's experiments.

The cotton was planted on a level.

Experiment of Thomas H. Stallworth, Sandy Ridge, Henry Comdy, 011 Cotto1z.
SoiL.--Uniform uplHnd, dark mulatto, mixed with gravel; clay subsoit; was a pi ne old field for eight years; taken in

51

in 1874 and planted in cotton; sown in oats in 1875; no

fertilizer applied to either crop.

The cotton was plowed four times, and hoed three times ;

stand perfect.

SEASoNs.-Good to August, when a three weeks drouth

cut off the crop one-third. Compost made by formula

No. 1.

aMntbia' Cb~m icnl Compound, compost 100 lb~. per acre...... 735 lbs. seed cotton per acre

aMnth ia' Ch emical Compound compost, 200 lbs per ncrei,IOO " " "

"

uMathis' Chem ical Compound compost, 300 lbs. per acrel,295 " " Without F erlilizer.. .... .... ..... ............... ...... .... .. ......... .... 420 " ' '

,.



:Merryman's Dissolved Bon 11, 100 lb. per acre............ ...... 560 Merrymun's Dis..<olved Boues, 200 lbe. pt r acre...... ............ 980 '

"

:Merryman's Disoolved Bonee, 300 lbs. per acre .................t,Z25 Without F ertilizer..................... ............ .......................... 385 "

..

The aMapes Nitrogenized Super-phosphate was received

too late to be tested with the above. It was used on very

old, worn, sandy land with clay subsoil; prepared and

planted in cotton April 28. It was well cultivated but

very seriously injured by drouth.

aMapes' Nitrogenized Sup. Phos., 200 !be. per acre............490 lbs. seed cotton per acre

'Vi thout Fertilizer ..... ...... .............. . .. ............. . ... .............210 "

1

"

4'

Expenmmt of 1VI. H. Bwm, Cedar Town, Polk CouJZty.

Mr. Bunn experimented with the Phrenix Guano and

Popplein's Silicated Super-Phosphate, for test. The value

of his experiment, though carefully conducted, was im-

paired by the following circumstances, viz:

1sT. One-third of the plat was second :year's new ground,

while the remainder was old land.

2o. The stand was injured by the cotto:1 dying out when

young. 3o. There was a mistake made in picking part of the
plat. The Popplein's Silicated Super-Phosphate was applied as

a top dressing to Spring oats, which failed in consequence

of rust.

Experz"mmt ofJolm M. Huie, Jonesboro, Clayton County, on Oottou .

SorL.-Poor gray with clay subsoil; been in cultivation

a ut fifteen years; never fertilized before 1876, It was

52

sown in wheat in 1872, and to grass and clover the foiiow

ing February; since 1873 it has been used as a pasture.

The land was broken seven or eight inches deep with a

two-horse turning plow. In April furrows were opened 3

feet wide and 70 yards long, and the fertilizers uniformly

distributed in alternate four rows as directed. This was re-

)

p eated on three sets in the same plat. Before planting, a

heavy iron toothed harrow was run on the beds ; cotton

planted about the middle of April, with a planter. It was

cultivated in the usual way. Seasons favorable to the 1st A ugust, after which several weeks of very dry and hot



weather seriously injured the crop. The following is the

average yield of the three adjacent tests:

a Brad ley's Pat. Super-Pbos. 200 pounds per acre yieltled..IOllM lbs. seed cotton per aerO!' a Ciimax Su periP hos. 200 pounds pe r acre yielded..._....10HM .... ....
GeoTgla St<1te Grange F er. l OOp~ unds per acre yield:ed.... 1070 .... ...
Withou t Fert.il iz.r ................... . ............................... 460% .... ....

A fourth test was made on very good gray land, that was

in potatoes in 1875, manured with compost of Dissolved

J

Bones, Stable Manure and Cotton Seed. It was prepared

and manured as the other three tests.

aBrad leys P at. Super-P bos. 200 pounds per acre yielded ...1 -~ lbs. seed cotton per acre a Ciimax Super-Phosphate, 200 pounds per acre ylelded ......2'!75 Georgia State Grange lier ., 200 pounds per acre yielded ......2135 .... .... Without FerUlizer ............... .............................................H35 .... ...

E.:~:pnimmt of Tlzos. E. Speight, Ft. Gaines, Clay County, 011 Cotton.

SoiL-Second river bottom; cleared about forty years and worn; cultivated in oats and pastured, in 1874 and 187.5; broken broadcast in February 1876.
Furrows were opened May 6th, and the fertilizers distributed in six rows. In six other rows the fertilizers were applied with the seed ; then six without; and tl.us alternately through t e plat.
The cotton in the rows in which the fertilizers were ap~ plied with the seed , grew off more vigorously than the others untillst of June; after which that with the fertilizers applied deep caught up, and continued to gain upon it after-

53

wards. That without fertilizer retained it color better than the others under drouth, and continued to bloom !'orne days after the others had shed their forms. It was cultivated entirely by sweep and hoe.
The Echols Acid Phosphate was received too late to be composted and used under cotton. It was therefore composted and applied to turnips, which, notwithstanding repeated sewings, never came up, in consequence of the . continued drouth in early fall.
aBlue Bone Super-Phosph:tte, npplied In deep furrow, 200 pounds per acre.> ...- ............................................ 1365 lhs. seed cotton per acre
Without Fe1 tilizer.. ......................................................... 844 a Blue Done Super-Pho phate, applied with the seed, 200
pounds per acre................................................... 1300 .... ...
Er:penmmt of J. R. Latimer, Warrmton, Warren County, on
Cotton.

SoiL.-Gravelly gray, with yellow clay subsoil, much worn. Planted in corn in 1875, with light man~ring with

cotton seed; the two previous years in cotton, with .light

application of guano.

The land was broken in February with scooter ; bedded

wit.h scooter and shovel April 24th, and planted 25th.

SEASONS. -Not good-too much rain in June, causing

the cotton to run to weed; and subsequent dry hot

weather caused it to shed its forms. The cool nights in

May caused much of it to die; that without fertilizer suffering more than that fertilized .

The compost was made by the following formula, viz :

700 lbs. green cotton seed, well wet with water; 300 lbs.

D issolved Bone Phosphate, and 1,000 lbs. stable manure

that had been well sheltered.

aPo>Vhatan Raw Boue Sup.-Phosphate 200 lbs. per ncre, .....525 Jhs. seed cotton per ncre.

Without ferUlizer ............ ...... ............................................2IO "

"

Solul>le Pacific Guano, 200 lbs. per acre..........................52J "

Without fertilizer............................................................227 "

Home compost, 200 lbs. per acre.......................................595 " Without fertilizer .......................... ................................280

..

The aS. C. Dis. Bone Phosphate was received too late

for test.

54

Experiment o.f E. H. Edenfield, Swainsb01o' Emanuel County, on Cotton.

SoxL.-Poor pine land. Oats were cut from it in 1875, and pastured during the summer. In January, 1876, it was bedded with turn plow, followed in each furrow by a bull-tongue 13 inches long. In April a fresh furrow was opened between the beds, the fertilizers distributed and the beds reversed.
The cotton was planted May 1st. It was sided and chopped to a stand. After two or three weeks it was plowed out clean,and then cultivated entirely with the hoe.

aChesapeake Guano, 200 lbs. per acre..............................750 lbs. seed cotton per acre.

.. W ithout fertili zer.................... .......... ... ........ ... .............380 c'
4Cotton Compound Dis. Bone Phosphate 200 Jbs. per acre,690

u

''

Withuut fertilizer ......... ...... ............ ............................... 360

Georgia St&te Grange Fertilizer, 200 lbs. per acre..............780 Without fertilizer ................................ .......................380

.

Bahama Solubule Guano, 200 lbs. per acre ........... ............6~0 Without fertilizer .................. ...... ... ......................... . ...... 360 aSolumon's Chemical Compound, 200 lbs. per acre........... .660

.,., .

J

Without fertilizer ..................... ......................860

Expetment of A. W. Stokes, Powell's Station, Coweta Co., on Cott01z.

SoxL.-Clay loam, with red clay subsoil ; it was in cotton

in 1872, fertilized with Merryman's Dissolved Bone. In

1873 in potatoes; 1874 in wheat; in corn 1875; not fer-

tilized since 1872 ; been in cultivation 35 years. The

land was bedded on the fertilizers April 18th, and the cotton

planted 24th with Bale's cotton seed planter; a good uniform stand secured; cultivated in the usual way, and directions followed. The seasons were good in spring and early summer.

'

Without Fertilizer.................. . ... ...... ...... .......... ...............420 lbs. seed cotton per acre 'Vattson &: Clark's Super-Pboa. 210 pomdsper acre....... ......525 .. aDiamond Am'd. Dissolved Bone, 210 pounds per ac re....600 . aBarry's Granger's Fertilizer, 210 pounds per acre.... ...... ......G30 .. aBates' Chemical (alone] 210 pounds per acre.....................565 ... aBales' Chemical, compost., 490 pounds per acre..... ............700 ... All of the above mixed, 385 pounds per acre.......................6.10 ...

55
Experiment of J R oswell Kng, R oswell, Cobb County, o1z
Cotton.
SorL.-Ordinary gray rocky-an old sedge field, which was broken in 1875, and planted in cotton without fertilizer. Planted April 20th, 1876; a good stand secured. Plowed three times and hoed once ; seasons very good with most propitious picking season.
Solubl e Pacific Guano, 200 pounds per acre ......... .............. .577 lbs. seed cotton per acre a;Sardy & Son's Am.'d . Sol. Pac. Guano, 200 pou nds per acre 630 ... .. a)lcrrymun's Am'd. Dis. Bone, 200 pounds per a : re .............875 ... ... Wi thout Ferti1Jzor .................. .................... .......... ............. 175 ...
The Excellenza Cotton Fertilizer was received and applied to cotton, but no stand being secured, the land was broken up and planted in corn.
Expermmt of Goorge C. Dent, Cave Spri?Zg, Floyd County, on Cotton.
SorL.-Upland red loam, of uniform character. Dire.ctions for making test followed.
a.!olanipu:ated Guano, ( Wilcox d: Gibbs), 200 pounds per acre21 70 lbs . seed cotton per acre Without h'ertili zer........................ ......... .... .....................1610 .. . ... Castoria, 200 pounds per acre................. ..... ......... ........ ...... IGSO ... ... Without F.,rHJizer .. ........................................................1470 ...
The aPalmetto Acid Phosphate was received too late to be tested under cotton. It was applied to Turnips , but no stand was secured on account of the continued drouth.
aLand Plaster was assigned to Mr. Dent, to be tested on clover, but having no clover, he turned it over to a neighbor who used it, but failed to report results.
Experiment of George S. Black, Rome, Floyd County, 01z Cotton.
PLAT No. 1.-SorL.-Red clayey, with very stiff red clay subsoil. It was cultivated in cotton 1874 and 1875, and lightly manured with barn-yard scrapings.
Broken second week in March, 1876, with two horse Brinly plow. Fertilizers distributed and bedded on with one-horse Brinly. Cotton seed (Peeler variety), rolled in ashes and planted with Dow Law planter April 17th, and

56

covered with harrow ; came up well but died out to l1alf a

stand.

Cotton sided with li ght steel half sweep and chopped

out ; second plowing with same plow with wing to the

cotton ; subsequent plowing done with sweep, each plow-

ing followed by hoes.

Gen. Black remarks that his experiment is "not satisfac-

tory; a long continued drou th, added to an imperfect stand,

gave a light yield; no rain from the firs t day of J uly to

first of August-then less tha n a 'season.' " Weather un

''

usually warm-no more rain until Octobe r.

Without li'ertilizer .................... .. .... .... ....... ...... . .......... ......490 l bs. .eed cotton per acre,

aGem-gi.a St.n.w Grange Farhlizer, 200 lbs. per acre... . .....560 "

H

(c

'Vith out fertilizer......... .......... .......... .. .............................. 507

''

at:ilcrn' Am ' u Bone Sup.-Pbosphate, 200 Jb . per ecre. ... ....5iT "

Wituont fertilizer.... ...... ........... ..... ......................... ........ .5ll7 "

aA.Ihmtlc Acid Phosphate, 200 lbs. per acre.. ....... ... .. ... ....... 5n5
\VH h.out fe rtil izer.... ......... .. ... . ....... ............... .. ....... ......490

aBany's Chemical Fertilizer, 200 lbs. per acre.. ........... .....542M "

PLAT No. 2.-SoiL.-Gray upland, with stiff clay subsoil.
Treatment same in every respect as that given in No. 1, and stand better.

~ GeoTgi a tate Grunge FerL!lizer, 200 lbs. per ncre ...........~30 lbs. seed cotton per acre

Without fertJlizer .... .. ................ ....... . . ... ..... .............. .....577 ''

c.

u

aSt~rn'~ Am'd Bone Snp.-Phosphate, 200 lbs. per ncre ......595 11

Without fe1tiliv.er ................. ........... .... ............... ...........:323 ~ ~

aA tlanlic Acid P hosphate. 200 lbs. per acre............. ..... ...5fl5

"

Without fertilizcr ......... ................... .............................. ..507 aDJ<rry's Chetnical Fertilizer, 200 lbs. per acre... .... .. ... .....560 "

,,

Without lerLilizer .................. ...... ........... ...... .... .... ..... ......50i

PLAT No. 3. - River bottom- stiff, dark clay soil, with brown clay subsoil; in corn, 187-1; in wheat, 1.875, wit hout manure ; land rich.
Stubble turned under in January, 187G, with large twohorse plow : rows laid off 3.% feet, and bedded first week in Aprit Ridges opened, fertilizers distributed, and seed (Dickson Cluster) planted April 19th; cultivation same as Nos. 1 and 2.

'
l
r

57

aOe~rgl n State Grange Fertlliz~r. 200 lb~. per acre ........... .600 lbs. se~ d c tton per acre,

Without ferttlizcr...... .. ... .... .............. ........... ................- ....525 "

"

''

aStern's Am'd Bone S u p~rpbosphate, 200 lbs. per ncre......660 "

Wl tlumt feti iliz~ r....... ............. ...... .. ....... .... ................... .610 " Compost, ptup!l red by J. R. Towers, ~00 lhs . per acre.........660 "

..

Wr tho u.. lertilizer............................................................ 510 "

aAtiBntic Aci<l Pb ogphate, 200 lb3. per acr e ......... ......... .....iiiO "

WHhout lH tilizer ........................ ......................................4SO "

aB"rry ' s Clte m!cal Feti!ir.er , 200 lb. per acre ................. .570 " Without fer ti lizer .................................... ........................510 "

..

The cotton on this plat suffered severely from drouth

and rust, the fertilized suffering most.

Experiment of R . W. Eveu:tt, Rockmart, Polk County, on Cotton.
SoiL-Thin slaty land that had been sown in rye September, 1875, and grazed all the Spring of 1876. The fertilizers for the test were not received until 1st of May, after the cotton crop was planted. The land was broken with scooter May 2d; fertilizers applied and land bedded 5th; s.ided with harrow 25th; chopped to stand 29th ; sided with scooter 7th June; sided with sweep 22d June. A severe hail storm on 26th of May, killPd much of the cotton. The rows fertili zed with the Patapsco were partially protected by a building and not so seriously injured by the hail as the others, and had a much better stand.

P atapsco Gnano, 2011 pounds per acre ...............................507 lbs. seed cotton per acre Solnble PncHic Guano, 200 pounds per acre .......................402)11 ... ... a.'it<>rn's Am't.l. Bone Super- Pbos. 200 puunds per acre .... 367 aOray's Fertilizing Compou"ld, 200 pounds per !tCr e ._........ l;lT Compot, 200 P' unds per ncre............................................2 0 Wilbou t Fertilizer ...................................................... ..... 1-10
Gray's Fertilizing Compound, was not composted.

Experiment of Macon Wartlu1t, Sa11dersville, Waslzington Cowz~v, on Cotton.

SoiL. - Upland, originally pine growth; been in cultivation fifty years. Was in corn 1875, with light manuring with cotton seed; yielded about 14 bushels per acre.
Afier t he cotton was planted in April, not enough rain fell at any one time to ''deface the tracks of the plowman," until August 12th, when there was " barely enough to run

58

in the furrows," and very little has f:>.llen since. The fertilizers were applied 20th of April and the cotton planted a few days after. On account of drouth it came up very late.

Without F ert.il!zer .................... ....... ....................... ......390 lbs. seed cotton per acre

aExcellenza Cot ton Fertilizer, 200 pounds pe r acre. ..........495 ... ...

j

Georgia State Grange Fertilizer, 200 pounds per acre............555 ...

aEttwan Guano, 200 pounds per acre ..... ...... ......................615 ... ..

Navassa Acid Phosphate was received too late to be

used under cotton, it was applied to turnips, but the

drouth prevented a stand.

Ezpen'ment of F. P. T!tiJrnton, Oold Water, Elbert County, on Cotton.

SoiL.-Very poor upland, sandy and loose, subsoil red

gravelly clay; in wheat in 1876, manured with ten bushels

cotton seed. The land was brvken in January with a long

3-inch square pointed scooter. Fertilizers applied 18th and

19th March, and listed with long narrow scooter. April 24th and 25th cotton seed rolled in leached ashes, planted and

'

covered with a harrow. Good stand up May 8th; 8th and

9th sided with bull tongue; 15th and 16th hoed and re-

duced to a stand, one stalk every 12 inches; 29th and 30th

sided with short shovel. June 5th and 6th hoed ; sided

with sweep 19th and 20th; 26th and 27th hoed. July

13th and 14th split the middles with a sweep and hoed.

Seasons good to June 25th, then five weeks drouth, which

"entirely stopped the growth of the cotton."

aPeru vian Guano, 200 poundsper acre.............................980 lbs. seed cotton per acre Without F ertilizer........... ............... ....... . ..............llGO aZell's Am'd Bone Phosphate, 200 pounds per acre ...... .....971 >:( Without Fertilizer.................. ......... . .. . . .. .....................536X ... .. aSard y's Acid Phosphate, 200 pounds per acre .....-- ......997% .. ... Without F ertilizer ..... ...... ....................................... 668J~ ... ...
The Sardy's Acid Phosphate was received too late to be
com posted.
&periment of J. T. Youngblood, Sandersville, Washington
County on Cotton.
SoiL.-Poor sandy land, with clay subsoil; in corn 1874;

wheat 1875, manured with ten bushels cotton seed per acre. Seasons not given.
Plat arranged, fertilized and gathered as directed, except that Williams & Brumby's Ground Bone was not composted. As it is prepared for that purpose, and not treated with acid, composting is necessary for good results.

Without Fertilizer........................................ ..................201 Jbs. seed cotton per acre Minor's Am'd Super-Phosphate 200 pounds per ncre....... .490 Minor' s A.m'd Sup-Phos. compos'd, 200 pounds per acre. 385 Soluble Pacific Guano, 200 pounds per acre .... ............ ...315 aWilliams & Brumby's Ground Bone, 200pound peracre.227 a Cotton Seed Compost, 200 pounds per acrc.............. .. -.315 Georgia State Grange Fertilizer, 200 pounds per acre........393Y.

&pert'mmt of Jubilee Smztk, Preston, Webster County, o1: Cotton.

SOIL--Light sandy loam-been in cultivation twenty years; in corn, 1875, manured with a small quantity of cotton seed.
Prepared and cultivated, etc., as usual, and directions followed.

Without fer Ulber ..........................................................- .440 lbs. seed cotton per acre

Preston & Son's Am'd Superphosphate, 200 lbs. per acr e...9SO "

"

"

aPowhatan Raw Bone Superphosphate, ~00 lbs. per acre ......820 j "

ExpennunJ of B. H. Gee, Camilla, Mitchell County,on Cotton.

SoiL-Light sandy upland, (pine), with yellow, sandy subsoil; in cotton in 1875, without manure.
It was prepared in the usual way, and the cotton. planted

on the 18th of April. Seasons very favorable and cultivation good.

Cotton Seed, si:dten bushels per acre..............................481 lbs. seed cotton per acre

aCarolina Fertili zer, 210 lbs. per &t"re................... ..............411 u "

"

Without fertilizer ..... ................ ....................................885

a Carollna Fertilizer, 420 l bs. per acre.....- ..........................481 "

&pm1nmtoj W. W. Turner, Madz'son County, Athens P. 0., otz Cotton.

SoiL.-Second bottom, very rich and loamy ; had never been fertilized before:
Land well broken 1st March ; fertilizers distributed and

i

60

bedded on April lOth; cotton planted May 9th; land too

wet till then. Crop shortened by frost October 2d.

Without Fertlllzer ............................................................326 lbs. seed colton per aero

aWhitlock's Vcgetator, 300 lhs. per acre.................. .........ORr. "

'

aEchols' Rnw Done Sup~rphosphate, 300 lhs. per acre......903 "

Mr. Turner, in speaking of the unfavorable season, and

its effects in reducing the crop, remark-s: " Have picked

from same class of land frequently from 1, 800 to 2, 000 lbs. seed cotton per acre, by the use of 250 to ~00 lbs. of fer-

tilizer per acre."

Experz'mmt o.f Elifah Bellflower, D awson, Terrell (J,;zmty, on Ootton.

SoiL-Red upland, with hard red subsoil; been in cul-

tivation 33 years without rest; cultivated in ground peas

in 1875.

February 15th, 1876, subsoiled with Brinly's subsoil

plow 7 inches deep. Furrows opened 8th of ::VIarch with

I

eight inch shovel. and fertilizers distributed and listed

upon; cotton planted April 16th. Plat arranged as di-

rected.

CuLTIVATioN.-Sided May 4th with scooter; chopped out on 5th; plowed out 23d May with four-inch scooter, and hoed 24th; plowed June 19th with fourteen-inch solid sweep, three furrows to the row; July 10th same plowing; hoed and laid by on 14th. Cotton seriously injured by drouth and rust-Mr Bellflower thit~ks one-half.

aG<!orgln State Orant:e Fertilizer, 200 pounds per acre.........5 ~ lbs ~e!'d cotton per acre aBarry's Chemical Fertilizer, 200 pounds per acre............... 5-!J aAUnntic Acid Phosphate, 200 pounds per acre.................... 5110 Empire Guano, 200 pounds per acre.................. ................. .4 0 ... ... Homo compost, 200 pounds per acre...................................300 ... ... Without fertWzer ................................................................ lOO ... ...
Experiment of L. F . Lmngston, Covz'ngton, Nr111ton Oozmty, on Cotton.

SorL.-Sandy loam with red clay subsoil; fre sh land; third crop ; cultivated in corn 1874 and 1875.
Cotton planted May 1st_; plowed four times, and hoed

61
three times; first plowing done with shovel-balance with sweep. Seasons uniformly good.
aWando F ertillz2r, 17G pounds per acre...........................495 lbs. seed cotton per acre aCum berland uper-Phospl.mte, 176 pounds 1>er acre......4W Merryman's Am'd Dis. Bone, 176 lbs per acre...............575 Without fertilizer ..................... ...................................... 307)1 ...
aPoprlein's Silicated Super-Phosphate was applied to corn with no perceptible effect.
Expm1rzent of A.. Roff, Cal/wzm, Gordon Cou?Zty.
Mr. Roffreceived aDobb', Chemicals, aBaldwin & Co.'s Ammoniated Superphosphate, and aEureka Ammoniated Bone Superphosph1te, and applied them, as directed, to cotton, which, in consequence of heavy rains, failed to com e up. It being then too late to plant again in cotton, the land was planted in peas. He says: "The peas were at least five tim es as good as those by the side unfertilized . Frost being early, I did not gather one fifth of them."
Experimmt ofJ. 0. Wz"lson, vVatkz"nsville, Oconee Oounty, o1z
Ootton. Soil, cultivation, seasons, etc., not described.
aGuanthani Guano, 200 lbs, per ncre....................................836 lbs. seed cotton per acre Without fertUizer ......... .. ............... ............... .......................462 ...
He says the aBrighton Ammoniated Raw Bone Superphosphate was applied to cotton without much increaseweights not given.
Expermmt of R . L. Foreman, DeKalb County, (P. 0. Atlanta), on Cotton.
March 17th, furrows were opened with turn-plow, followed by diamond point scooter in the same farrow. Fertilizers were applied and listed on with turning plow March 23d; sided first time with scooter. Subsequent cultivation done with the sweep. Stand not very good-better where Leyden's Ammoniated Soluble Guano was applied t han where Leibig's Formula was.
L~ydeu's Am'd Soluble l;tuano 2W pounds per nere ...... ......980 lbs. seed colton ptr nero a Lelblg's J.'ormuln, composted, 200 lbs. per acre..................507 ... Without fertilizer..............................................................175 ..

62

Mr. Foreman received aOber's Phospho Peruvian too late to test with the above, but used it under cotton on another plat, "with most satisfactory results.'' He says Leibig's Formula was received so late that it did not remain in compost long enough to do it full justice.

lJr. H. H. Cary, LaGrange, Ttoup County:

Received aBales' Guano, aLeyden's Ammoniated Sol-

uble Guano and aZell's Cotton Acid Phosphate, ahd applied them to corn, which, in his absence, was gathered through mistake, and not weighed.
Dr. f. P. Stevens, L eesburg, Lee Oounty:

Received a~ay's F ertilizing Compound and a Mapes'

Nitrogenized Super-Phosphate, and prepared to test them

very carefully, but in consequence of severe drouth the

cotton stopped growing in July, and took a second growth

in August. The crop produced by the second growth

was not gathered until January, and consequently he could not report the results.

!

Mt'. H. L. Battle, Wadley, Jefferson Cou1zty:

Received aPreston & Son's Ammoniated Super-Phosphate, and aCresent., Bone Super-Phosphate, and applied them carefully as directed, but his cotton suffered so severely from drouth as to cause a complete failure. He says: " I do not bel1eve the fertilizers have ever been thoroughly wet, and in this opinion I am sustained by four capital farmers who have thoroughly examined my ground." Under these. circumstances Mr. Battle reported no results.
M r. J. F. Hanso1l, Rutledge, Morgmz Cou11ty:

Received aSea Gull Ammoniated Dissolved Bone and aSouth Carolina Dissolved Bone, (the latter too late to be tested in 1876, stored for use in 1877). The Sea Gull was applied to cotton with satisfactory promise to A ugust, when it was very seriously injured by drouth. The report of results was made out and forwardtd to the Department, but not received. After sending the report, he failed

63

to preserve his memoranda, and when asked to make a second report could not do so.

Mr. James B . Pafford, Kirkland's Station, Coffee County: Received aMathis' Chemical Compound and aManipula-
ted Guano, and applied them to cotton. Results not reported.

M1'. Pearce Home, Varnell's Station, Whitfield County :

Received aCrescent Bone, aEchols' Acid Phosphate

and aPreston & Sons' Ammoniated Super-Phosphate, and

applied them to cotton ; but a long drouth prevented a

stand. It being too late to plant again, the land was

planted in Sorghum.

M r.J N. Montg omery, Ft. Lamar, JV!adzson County :

Received aG. Ober & Sons' Dissolved Bone, and applied

it to bottom land planted in cotton. H e failed to get a

I

stand, and consequently did not report results.

Experiment of W. A. Davzs, Macon, Bibb County, on Ootton. Mr. Davis experimented with E . Frank Coe's Dissolved
Bone, which was assigned to the Bibb County Club, of which he is a member.
SOIL.-Sandy upland, with fine clay subsoil; no fertili zers used on the land for several years past. It was in cotton in 1875. Furrows were opened without breaking flush; fertilizers distributed and land bedded out. Cotton planted 27th of A p ril. It was plowed four times; 1st with double fo oted plow, a four-inch scooter in front and a seven-inch shovel in rear. A11 subsequent plowing done with wide sweep at intervals of eighteen days. It was hoed twice after chopping; cotton left about ten inches in the drill, two stalks to th e hill. Laid by last of July. Seed of the Simpson variety. Seasons good throughout.

Without Fertilizer................................ .......... ........... ....... 560 l bsneed cotton per acre Whnnn's Raw Bone Super-Pbo3. 200 pounds per acre ... ......1225 ... ... aE. Frank Coe's Di>solved Bone, 200 pounds per acro.........ll55 ... ...

The followi ng gentlemen, to whom the brands, accom4

'

64

panying their names, were sent for test, have failed to report results :
H. P. Mattox, Elberton, Ga.: Wattson & Clark's Superphosphate Zell's Cotton Acid Phosphate.
J. F. Lewis, Thomaston, Ga.: Guanape Guano, Mapes'
Nitrogenized Super-phosphate, Sea Gull Ammoniated Dissolved Bone.
Mr. Lewis has moved to Texas.

H. L. Long, Leesburg, Ga.: Barry's C~mpound Bi-phos-

phate, C. C. Coe's Super-phosphate, Dugdale's Ammoni-

ated Super-phosphate, Grange Mixture.

H. R. f Long, At!tens, Ga.: D ickson's Compuund,

Eagle Ammoniated Dissolved Bone, Merryman's Dis-

solved Bone.

C. W. Howard, Risz1zg Fawn, Ga.: Land Plaster, Eti-

wan Crop Food Chemicals, Peruvian Guano.

Mr. Howard died in December, 1876.

f

L. B. Wzllis, Greensboro, Ga.: Whann's Raw Bone Sup.-

phosphate, Diamond Ammoniated D issolved Bone.

Jas. R. B,;own, Canton, Ga.: Bradley's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone, Stern's Ground Bone,
J. J. A. S!tarp, Canton, Ga.: Crescent Bone Super-phos-
phate, Pqwhatan Raw Bone Super-phosphate, Manhattan Blood Guano.
0 . P. Poe, Columbus, Ga: Ober's Soluble Ammoniated Super-phosphate, Pendleton's Ammoniated Super-phosphate, Wando Acid Phosphate.
S. T. Player, Tlzomasville, Ga.: Stern's Ammoniated Bone Super-phosphate.
J. S. Lawton, Forsyt!t, Ga, :-Navassa Guano Am-
moniated, Soluble Pacific Guano, Leyden's Ammoniafed Soluble Guano, Bradley's Patent Super Phosphate.

Williams Rut!terjord, K noxvtlle, Ga. :-Dickson Fertili-

65
zer (A), Ladd's Alkaline Fertilizer, Navassa Acid Phosph ate .
J o!tn R. Wi"mberly, Ft. Valley, Ga. :-Etiwan Dissolved Bone, 24 pr. cent. Soluble Sea Island Guano.
Bbb Cou?Zty A.grcultural Club, had Ober's Dissolved Boi)e, E. Frank Coe's Dissolved Bone, and Chesapeake Guan o, assigned. The Society failed to report, but Mr. W. A. Davis, to whom par: of these assignments were given. reported his experiment-the last one given.
Remarks.
WHAT IS AN EXPERIMENT?
This is an important question which should be thoroughly understood in this age of progressive agriculture.
There are so many factors whichi nfluence results in agricultural experiments, that extreme care and accuracy are necessary to eliminate all, save the single subject of investigation.
Agricultural experiments consist in asking Nature simple and cJefinite questions, relieved as far as possible of all complications. It is of the first importance, then, that the interrogator should have a clear and definite idea, not only of the characte r of the in formation desired, but of the precautions necessary to remove all obstacles to a definite answer and a correct interpretation of the results.
In a test of fertilizers the only difference in the treatment of the plats should be the kind of fertilizer used. The land should be uniform in character and quality; should have had the same treatment in every respect for some years previous to the test ; should have the same preparation, cultivation, the same number of stalks to the row; and the rows fertilized with different brands! should be sufficiently removed from each other to be beyond the
5

I

66

reach of the lateral roots of the plants If the different

fertilizers are applied to adjacent ro,.,s the lateral roots of

the plants in each row will receive the benefit of the fertil-

izer applied to the rows on each side, and hence impair

the val ue of the test. It was for this reason, that experi

mentors were directed to apply each brand to four rows

J

and to use only the middle two rows for the test.

In order to secure, at the same time, a just comparison

of the effects'of the various brands with the production of

the soil unaided by artificial fertilizers, each alternate four

rows was required to be left without fertilizers, and the

middle two rows of these used for the test. By this means

irregularities in the natural fertility of the soi l are detected

and proper allowance made for such varL:.tions in interpret

ing results. It will be seen that under this system the

r ows used for the test, supposing the width of rows to .be

three feet, were nine feet apart, and hence beyond the reach of the lateral r.oots of the plants to which different

f

fertilizers were applied.

The seasons, of course, exert an important influence

upon the effects of fertilizers, and careful observation of

bo th rainfall and temperature iE nee s ary. Careful record

of the frequency and manner of cultivation. is essential

to intelligent interpretation of results. Deep cultivation

followed by drouth would affect more injuriously the fer-

tilized than the unfertilized crop, just in proportion to the

effects of the fertilizer upon the advancement in size and

fru itage of the plant. A drouth occurring in July or

August will also affect most inj uriously that portion of the

crop having the largest quantity of fr uit, and thus seriously

diminish the increased production of the fertilized as com-

pared with the unfertilized plats.

QUESTIONS TO BE CONSID~RED IN INTERPRETJNG THE EFFECTS OF A FERTILIZER.

1st. The influence upon the stand of plants. This is

67
'Often a very important effect of fertilizers, resulting in sufficient benefit in this one respect, to pay for the fertilizer.
2d. Such an invigoration of the plant as to enable it to resist the effects of cold and the attacks of insects.
3d. Hastening the growth and fruitage of the plant. This secures a crop in advance of unpropitious season~ and extends the area of production into sections in which the seasons are too short without such hastening of growth to mature the crop.
4th. By hastening maturity, gathering and marketing the crop is facilitated, and a better quality secured.
5th. Promptness in return of profit on the capital invested, combined with permanent improvement of the soil.
6th. Increase in the quantity and quality of the produc tions, over those of the unaided soil.
7th. The best returns from the smallest outlay. These are questions to be con idered by planters ill selecting fertilizers and in observing their effects. None should be used without a carefully conducted test of their merits and the profits resulting from their use, compared with the produc'tion of the natural soil. By this means each planter can determine for himself not only the character of the fertilizer best adapted to his soil, but the exact profit resulting from its application. Farmers who have not conducted accurate tests on their own soil'S, may avail themselves of the foregoing experiments, by observing the descriptions of the soil and selecting those which have been conducted on sotl similar in character to their own. There is a want of accuracy in many of these experiments, as might be expected in such a large number, conducted under such varied circumstances, by nearly one hundred different parties ; but they have the merit of having been generally conducted with care in l ature's true laboratory, and under natural conditions which give them greater value than even tnore careful experiments on a smaller scale

68

with artificial surroundings. Experiments purely .scientific are valuable in their place, but the deductions drawn fro'm them often fail to be verified by results in nature's

lab orato ry.
CO MMENTS ON THE EXPERIMENTS.

j

The seasons last year, were generally favorable for the

test of fertilizers until the 1st to lOth of August, after which there was a general drouth in the State which stopped

production. There were some localities in which the cot ton was seriously injured by drouth earlier than August,

and a few in which the seasons continued later. Notwith-

standing the drouth the results from th e use of fertilizers have generally been both profitable and satisfactory. The

per cent. of increase, both on the production of the natu-

ral soil and on the cost of the fertilizers, is often beyond

the expectation of the most sanguine.

f

The experiment of Mr. Simon Smith, ofDeKalb, (page

5), seems to have been conducted with great care and accuracy on very thin land, which contained a super-abund-

ance of undecomposed vegetable matter.

Taking the best result from the use of fertilizers in Plat No. 1, Ammoniated Soluble Bone, (Pratt's Patent), 200

lbs. per acre produced 691t lbs. seed cotton .per acre, while the land by the side of it, without fertilizer, pro

duced only 78t lbs. This is 786 per cent. on the produc-

tion of the unaided soil, and 489 per cent. on the invest-

,

ment. This is a very remarkable result and is instructive in showing the advantage of vege table matter in the soil

'

when the commercial fertilizers are used alone.

The results in Plat No . 2, (page 6), are also instructive,

showing comparatively poor results from the use of com-

post, probably on account of the quantity of vegetable mat-

ter in the soil. This result, compared with those on other soils denuded of vegetable matter, seems to corroborate

the opinion previously expressed, that the remarkabl e results obtained from the use of composts, are due)n part, fo

69
th e fact that they partially supply the deficiency of the soil in humus; at the same time that they furnish, directly, food for the growing plant,
We find that Merryman's Dissolved Bone compost, 200 lbs. per acre, produced 437! lbs. seed cotton per acre, while the soil without fertil izer produced 52i lbs. This by the use of 200 lbs. per acre of compost, gives 744 per cent. on the production of the nacural soil, and 677 per cent. on the investment.
The cost of applying the fertil izers is not considered in these calculations. It costs no more to cultivate the fertilized rhan the unfertilized plat ; so th at the increased production may be credited almost entirely to the use of the fertilizer.
Mr. Smith had the same number of stalks in each row. This seems at first glance perfectly fair, but it probably had the effect of increasing the difference in favor of the fertilizers, as cotton is generally left thicker on thin, than on good land.
The experiment of Mr. John Turner, of Hancock (page 9), is instructive. H e has been experimenting for several years, and understands thoroughly the manipulation and man.. agement of composts. His results are reli able. Taking the highest resuft from the use of commercial fertilizers-that of Echols' Raw Bone Superphosphate, 851 lbs. seed cotton per acre-and comparing it with the p roduction of the natural soil, the per cent. of increase over production is 157, and on the investment 250. Taking the best result from the use of compost, Barry's Fertilizer composted gave 829 lbs. seed cotton per acre, which is 145 per cent. increase on the production of the unaided soil, and 891 per cent, on the investment.
The experiment of Mr, Treadwell (pages 10-11) is defective in having the rows in sets Df two to each fertilizer, since the cotton in the unfertilized rows received some benefit from the adjacent fertilized rows. This probably

70

caused the increase resulting from the use of the fertilizer

to be less than it should have been.

The results from the use of Stono Acid Phosphate and

National Soluble Bone, neither of \Vhich is ammoniated,

in the experiment of Mr. Jas. F. Little, of Talbot (page

11), are remarkable, and probably due to the fact that the

/

land had been in wheat in 1875, the decomposition of the



vegetable matter supplying, to some extent, the ammonia

necessary for the plant. Mr. Little gives no account of

the seasons, which might have influenced the results from

the ammoniated fertilizers.

In the experiment of Mr. Hamilton (pages 12-13), there

are two defects, viz : 1. The seed were rolled in fertilizer.

This affected, to some extent, the results on the unfertil-

ized rows, and impaired the test; 2. He composted oyster-

shell lime with cotton seed and stable manure. The

results show that he lost his ammonia and ruined his com-

post, by the use of lime, since the application of even 400

lbs. produced less than the natural soil. The contrast be-

tween the effects of the lime compost and the Acid Phos

phate compost, is very striking.

Dr. Lavender (page 15) used in compost the South

Carolina Phosphate Flour, which had not been treated

with sulphuric acid. The results are not very satisfactory,

as the application of 1,000 lbs. of the compost produced

only ;j9 lbs. of seed cotton more than 200 lbs. of Ober's

S. C. Dis. Bone Phosphate, which contains no ammonia,

but has 12.65 per cent. of available phosphoric acid. Fur-

ther experiment will be necessary to establish the utility

of substituting the phosphate flour for acid phosphate, as

a cornposting material.

While a single experiment neither establishes an agri-

cultur al fact nor condemns a theory, farmers are advised

to hold to facts already established and to test by careful

txperiment the efficacy of the phosphate flour before risk-

ing a crop upon its use.

71
The results of the experiment of Mr. Montgomery (page 17), while due to the effects of the fertilizers, are partly owing to their influence in securing a stand, and partly to the increased productiveness of the plants, resulting from the food supplied them by the fertilizer. The incorporation of the fertilizers with the soil, by the use of the '' iron foot plow," run in the bottom of the furrow, is an admirable practice, which, though requiring one extra furrow to the row, will amply repay the labor.
Mr. McDaniel's experiments (pages 20-24), were in the main conducted with much care, but their value was destroyed by the application of 50 lbs. per ac re with the seed, over the whole plat. There being already a sufficient quantity applied to the fertilized rows, the effect of this fifty lbs. pe r acre was more decided in increasing the yield on the unfertilized than the fertilized rows.
The experiments are therefore valuable only as comparative tests of the effects of different fertilizers, and not of their effects in increasing the productiveness of the soil.
The experiment of Mr. Respess, of Schley county (page 8), plat Nv. 3, is very interesting, as an illustration of the effects of a very small quantity of fertilizers applied in the driil.
Mr. Respess used two Sj!.mples of Etiwan Guano. That purchased on the market increased the production 56 per cent.; that received from the Department, 42 per cent., which shows at least that the sample received from the Department was not a "fixed up" sample .
The National Soluble Bone compost, 100 lbs. per acre, gave 42 per cent. on production, and 1, 944 on the investment.
Wilcox & Gibbs' Manipulated Guano, 100 lbs. per acre, gave 33l per cent. on production, and 324 per cent. on investment,
The experiment of Mr. Stewart, of H enry county (page 39;t. is interesting as showing the effects of fertilizers on

72

clover land well supplied with vegetable matter. It also

shows a marked correspondence between the chemical and

soil analysis of the fertilizers used. Dickson's Compound,

which contained 6. 21) of available phosphoric acid and

3.00 per cent. of ammonia, gave 42 per cent. on produc-

tion and 63 per cent. on the investment.

The Eagle Ammoniated Superphosphate, wh ich con-

tained 10.00 of available phosphoric acid and 2. 60 per

cent. of ammonia, gave 100 per cent. on production , and

365 per cent. on th e investment-each applied at the ratct

of 200 lbs. per acre.

The Atlantic Acid Phosphate compost, 300 lbs per acre,

gave 116 per cent. on production and 1, 24-1 per cent. on

the investment.

The experiment of Dr. Linton, (pages 42-13), compared

with others in which more "faith" was felt in composts,

shows the mistake, so common with those who have not

experimented with them, in using too much compost per acre.
It is more than probable that 200 lbs. per acre of tl~

'

Etiwan Dissolved Bone comp ost would have given m ore

satisfactory results than the quantity used-llfi7 lbs. per

acre. This has bee n demonstrated by a h.rge number of

experiments. Such large quantities should only be applied

broadcast.

Th ere are "some results in the foregoing experit11ent!S

which are difficult to expl~in. It will be observed that in

quite a number of instances , plain, super or acid phosphates,

in which there is no ammonia, have equalled the produc-

tion of ammoniated compounds of high grade.

It will not be proper to conclude from these tests that

it is not necessary ~o apply ammonia as a fertilizer to the

soil, though equal res ults were obtained without it.

In some instances there was much vegetable matter in

the soil, which may have supplie.d, during its decomposition,

!Sufficient ammonia for the plant. Again, the generar drouth

73
which occurred in August, affected the highly ammoniated ' fertil izers more seriously than those containing non e.
Again, the composts plainly, by analysis, aontain a smaller per cent. of the principal elements of plant food than do the high grade commercial fertilizers, and yet give uniformly satisfactory results from even smaller applications per acre.
Their peculiar efficacy must, therefore, be due to the peculiar combinations in which their plant food exists and to a combined chemical and mechanical action upon the soil.
Farmers are urged to examine carefully the results in the foregoing experiments, and to compare them with the chemical analyses of the various brands as given in Circular No. 26, which was issued last June.
Tlze Table co11zntenci1tg on the next page, shows t!te Analysis, tlte Oomme1'Cz"al or true value, tlze Price at wltich sold, the ?tame of tlte principal Dealer z"n t!te State, and the nam~ of the person or firm by w!tom manufactured, and wlzere, o.f every bra1zd tluzt has been inspected and analyzed tltis seaso1l; except tltat some prices whz"ch could not be obtaz"ned ar:: wa?Ztz"ng.

TABLE OF ANALYSES.

HI. .I~.p: a= "" "."",''"' "'"' . . 8" N..um Oi' FERTILIZER

~
~
~

Phophoric .Acid,

.; :0 ::: e0 n

~ ~ ~ .a.;

'Q.
~a

-~~

~
I~~

s 0 ~

-~";!'

.; ,; -;;; ::: ~ _ ;;.
e>2 'E"

~

~

s 8

ci
0 :;;<-<
""c'
>:..
":!'
0

, oci
""c s"'
f:<

ci
0

..a,=..:

"'" 0 '"'
;5-.10>.

O~ Q"'.

. 0

:::;

,I"! . e.>o

i:U

0.,

:"J .
.=.",sg 2
,f~
.cO.
iS:

For 'T horn Inspected &jBy Whom noel Where

Analyzed.

Manufacturnd .

Ac~'cl !.5li2.05131.9JI537.7i,$45.00,S50.00,$60.00I12i~lchas. ~ertillzing . i>ol. Bune-{Pratt' } 110.271 7.6:li3.95111.5SI3.071

Prntt, Atl'nta, Ga.Ju.. S.

and

1 atenl) (2). .. ............

Ports.

Chcm.cal Co., Coop

er's Creek , Camden

Atlantic Fertilizer........... , 1~.22,4.75182618.8~~ 0.8213. 321 U61 19.C0, 36.361 ~..00,50.00

G8.00, ...... ICh~rl eston P~ler,

Rog~rs

&:

N.J. Co.,IA ll'n ticPb'sph' teOo.

l:l . C.

Char1eto n, S. C.

Charlescnu, S.C.

Atlantic Acid Phosphate.. 17.21 7.25 2.9510.20 1.03 ...... 1.78 2U7 81.87 28.00 83.00 40.60 ...... Charleston P elzer, R.gers .\:. Co. , All'ncicPh'sp b'teCo.

_, 8. C

Chnrleston, S. C.

Charleton, S. C.

Bale's Guano................... !1S.12I 4.451 2.551 7 OOI0.76I2.00I ....... It6.891 2001 nool .........l 60.00 15 Ro me, Ga.. J . A. Bale, ltome, Ga. ... .J. A. Ble, Uome, Ga

-j-..... tBale's Wheat FerLilier.,1 5.4613.401' 5.651 9.05,0.95j 1.75j....... ,21.SSj 28.921 33.001 60.001 ........

IP.ome, Ga..IJ . A. Bale, Rome, Ga ... IJ. A. Bale, Rome, Ga ~

Barry's Chemic'! F ertil iz'r 19.96 7.61 0.761 8.39 1. 0~14.751 .......120.60 38.0ii ......... I......... I.. ....... I...... IAug'ta,Gn. Edwncd Rnrry & Co., Ed ward Bury ell. Co.

D~lli~~r-~-~~-~-~~~~: ~~-~: i August!, Ga.

.Au,:::ustu. , Ga.

Barr y's Comp'd BiPhos...l13.36

6.5511.G5,8.2011.551 0.3514.87,21 .00

29 . 5~ .................. ......... ...... Aug' ta, Ga Edward Barry Au~ustn, Ga.

&:

Co., Edwrd Barry. & Co. Augusta., Ga.

... Bradley's I'alent Super-
Phosphate (2)............

I UO

9.25

1.75 11.00 1.80 3.95 ....... 27.90

41.i2 .................... ....... ...... Aug' ta, Ga Edward Barry .A u,::wsta, G:l.

&

Co., Eel ward Barry & Co Augustn, Ga.

11 26 s.s21 4.051 9.87IS.l5IS.04I ....... I2s.ssl 35.611 10.01

G5.00I ......... I.. .... If:!avannab, L. J. Gu il marti n. Sa,'h, Wm. L. Bradley&: Co

Ua.

Ga., and Williams, Bo~to n , Mas.

Langston & Crane, At-

J ,ntu, Ga.
Carolina FertiUzer ........... llB.SSI 5.651 3.351 9.0013.7213.051 .......127.82 SS. 48I......... I.........I.........I ......I................IH. M. Comer, Snva n- ~IWm .L . B radl ey &Co.

n nh, Ga ., llllrreU. t'\: Boston, Mass.

Cas w~ll. Augusta. Ga.

Chesapeake Guano.......... l13.52l 4.451 4.851 9.30I4.25IS.OSI 1.64129.631 36.771 50.001 G2.00I ......... I......IAugusta, l'riutup, Bro. & l:'ollard, Chcsap'ke Guano Co.

Uu.

Augusta, Gn.

Baltimore, Md.

t C o l t on Di ' d

ll

Co mp' d oao Phos

p

Am'dll hat ..~

2.72lI

4.091f

5.7 6 , 9 . 7514.4 512.331 .. ..... 1a0.95 1

32.751 .........,.........,.. ... ....,...... 1Augusla. ..~M. A. Ga.

Stonll,

A u , n sta,1

{Patap~co Guano Co. Balwnore, Md.

Ao~;u&ta, Ga.



'

CuSmu pbeerrl-ApbnodpBhaotaee..

Co.'~IU~ ... . .... .

G.e014.dle. ji.~5~S . 101 .......1SI.~3~1G.1j

40.:1

6U~70.00

E.l'rank Coo's Am'd. Bon e 10.3.') 10. ~.~ 2.05 12.50 0.30 2.9i ...... . 27 90 41.94 40.00 50.00 70.00

Super-phosphtlle .. .........

Sn., Ga./ 1~8u&nn'h1K11Stln &; .IJlllls,

Cumberland Bone Co.,

Ga.

Portland , .1>1 c.

16 S11vnn nn.h Purse&. Thomas, Sa van Coe &. Hit h mo ud,_

Gn....... u nh, l1a.

P biJnde ip hta, t'a.

E\iwan Dissolved Bone, 14.10 7.50 4.70 12.20 1. 82 ...... , ....... 29.25 30.50 32.00 88.00 41 .00 12 A u.~ u st a , IV. C. Bee .k Co.,Charles- S u !plm~i c Acid and

~4 per ~nL......... .. . . ...... .

G~ . ..... . to n, S. C.

lC:! uhtaoerleptho~ns.p:h:>.nt0e. Co.

Etlwan Disso!Ted Bone, 15.12 8.80 5.90 14.70 2.11 ............. 36.62 86.75 85.00 42.00 47.00 12 Aug usta, W. C.Bee,~ Co.,Charles- Sul ph ur ic Acid and

29 per cent.......... .. ....

Gu....... ton,::>. C.

::iu pcr-pho.phatc Co,

<'h tlr eston . ::;. C.

Etl..,an Crop Food Chemi- 16.92 9.70 0.85 10.55 0.85 ...... 10.54 24 .85 43.28 47.00 ~4 . 00 62.00 12 Augusta, \\' .C. Bee &. Co.,Charles- Sul phuric Acid and

cals..............................

lla. ...... tun, S.C.

Super-phosphate Co. Cb rleslon, S. U.

EliwnnGunno., ............... 14.20 4.GS 4.Sb 9.50 1.04 3.15 2.7223. 00 39.44 47.00 54.00 62.00 12 Augus ta, W.C. "&e &.Co.,Cbarles- S ulphu ric Acid nod

Ga ....... ton, S. C.

::i upcr-phosphate Co,

Uba rlestou, S. C.

Eureka Am'd BoneSoper-~17. 50 7.20 3.8011.00 3.65 2.58 ....... 31.91 36.78 ~0.00 60.00 60.00 15 At the Jos. 'r. Amand,Augnsta, Atla nti c a nu Vlr.;inla

pbospbate.....................

Ports.... Ga.

Fe! til:zin ~ Uo.,

On ut, L. I., N. Y.

~Grange Mixture....... ...... 13.04 4.10 5.82 9.92 4.73 1.80 2.18 31.83 34.76 .........

65.00 65.00

16 Au,gusta, ,\I, A. S tovall, Aug'a,G a. {Patap.oo Guano Co.,

Gu........

.Bat tun ore, Mcl.,

-;r

and Aug us ta, Ga. c:n

Liebig's Am'd Dissolved 12. 68 3.7ii 5.75 9,50 1.70 2.88 ....... 31.15 32.18 ................................... .......... . Jno. N. S wift, AUa ntn. Patapsco Uu no Co.,

Bone (2)... .....................

Ga.,&. i\I. A. Stovoll, llaiL1 m~re, ~Id . , and

1\ ugu<t a, Ga.

Augusta, Oa.

Merryman's Acid Phos..... 18.76 7.52 3.49 11.01 1.20 .. .... . .... 26.59 2T.52 ......... .. ....... ....... ...... .

J ohn Merr yman &. Co ., Jno. "-er vumn &. Co.,

Baltl111ore. Mel.

13t1Lim.,i-e, Md .

Mcrryman&Co'sDis.Bon ~ 18 86 8.04 4.06 12.10 1,90 ........... .. 30.52 30.2/i ......... ......... ....... ......

J ohn M~rry m tut & Co., Jn n. ~ ! c rrym m & Co,,

J3.11Umorc, M.d .

Bal tuu ore, Md .

Merryman's Am'd Dls'd 16.55 9.85 2. 10 12.25 0.85 3.17 ....... 23.55 42.03 ......... ... ...... ....... ......

Joh n ~1 erry man &. Co. , Jn o. ~l c rry m tul &. Co.,

Hon e (2) ........................

B li L!In ~ re, Md .

B,Uttmore, Md.

{U. National Soluble llone, 13.50 7.87 4.82 12.19 3.86 0.09 ....... S.3.90 80.79 35.00 40.00 47.50 12 At tile Uhnrles Pratt, AUant!l,

S. F erti lizing A<

I (Pratt's Paleot,)(7)........

Ports. Ga.

CCho

eo

m~eic 'asl

Uomp' Cree k,

r,

C:.mden, N.J.

Auguslt~, IPatapsco Pata.psco Soluble Guano../10.78 8.34 5.88 9.22 5.97 3.81 1.92 33.101 88.03 ........ ......... 7C.OO 15 Augusta, M. A. Stovall,

ll ua uo Co.,

(h.

Ga.

J3al llruore, Mti .

* The Total Availablc Pho,"J)horic Acid . is found by adding the "Soluble " and tho "Precipi tated" toget her.
i:Bale's Wheot Ferilltzer, is .old for Wheat Option 550. COper ton-allowing 51.26 per bushel tor wheat. Cotton Com'd Aw d Dis'd Doue, con tatDs, in nddiLloo, 1,32 Magnesia. Grange Mixture contaitll!, &1110, 1.78 Ma11nesla.

The "Iusoluble" is not avnllable.

TABLE-CONT!Nt1ED.

Ploplwric Acid

N ..ums o.ff FERTlLIZERs.

~

.,; :0

:0a ~"

Pendle lo u's Am'd Super- 12.92

.,; ~
-~
.."E,'
s a
0
0

.;
t 80
.","
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.;1
8

g :iioj ".:.,1<--<
.s .:

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I For Whom Inspected By Whom and Where

and Analyzed.

Maou!acturell .

""'

p hospbRIO ..................... .

Poppleln's SUicnled Super- 11.74 5.6513 851 9.0011.2.31 ......1 6.10122.35

S,,~~~o'h , R~.~~rtc;:.~"A;.;;;;c&,;e 21.o5 Sooperpho~phnt.e ..........

7.65,3.00110.6ol l. 9513.001 ....... 127.4GI37.42150.00165.001 ...... .1....../Augustn.

Sea F owl Guano ("B.D." ) (3) 15.67 5.72 :J.2:i 8.97 1.15 2.92 ...... .!'26.41 82.93 50.001 60.00 60.00 12

131Au~u Soluble Pacific Acid Phos-113.58 8.60I5.38I13.9SI2..t7i......I....... I35.J 34.051 36.001 42.00I42.ool

.. ta,

-.:t
0)

pha te(4) .........................

Gn.

tSoluble Pacific Guano (5) ...116.421 4.6712.451 7.12IG.12I3.tOI 1.9SI2i!.061 32.131 48.001 55.00160.00
~SnmnnaGuano ............ ...... ,l4. 1815.251;; .60110.8514.9JII.7512.41j31. 56 St~no Acid l'bosphate.... ..... 10.50 6.45 3.65 10.10 6.55 ............. 136.29
sol Slono Soluble Guano ........ ... I 8.30 3.65,a.95'l 7. t.45.,3.00j ....... ,26.10 30.30 46.001
Stern's Ammoniated Bonci10.1G 5.65 GAO 12.0,i IA.i 3.1 5, ....... 35.96 41.46 50.00 Supernhospbato ............ ..



!!tern's Pure Ground Raw 4.~o ....... 3.32 5.32 16.68 6.93 .. 47.M $34 .72 $50.00 $53.00 73.00
Bono ... .............................

Wando .Acid Phosph ate...... 12.15 8.75 l.OO 12.75 1.83 ......

HJ .82 Sl 87 80.00 83.00 12.00

Wando Ferllllzer............... 18.12 4.75 3.75 8.60,3.40 2.9l.... l25.94 31.82 45.00 50.00 60.00
Wbann's Raw Bone Superphosphate........................ ll.(i.l 4.55 3.8518.40 3,25 3.65 8.92 25.39 40.05 47.00 65.00 65.00

15 Marietta, Winters k Whitloek, Stern's Jl"ertlllzing AD d

Ga..... . ~lariettn, On.

Chemlc31 :M'f'l! Co

New OrJP:1ns, Ltl.

12 C..lharles- flcorgo E. Gibbon, Wando ~ l ining a nd

1011,8.( Chrlolloo, S. ('.

~Juouf ctul'!ng C<l

Ch nrllston , S.C.

12 Chorlcs- George E. Gibbon, Wando ~lining nn d

ton, S.C CbaJ'Ieston,l:! . C.

Manuf:l<turi ng C<l

Chrlc~ tou, S. C.

16 .At th'l Cingborn, H rring&Co. Wlton, Whunn& 0

P riP.... Au,::ustn, Ga.

Wilmington, Del.

'Popplein' SlliCilted Buporphospbate hasO.lO Pot.nsb , - lt.2<J Sulpbote Potash; also U.SG Yeget.nble Slilcn.

t Soluble l>aclfic Guano-5 unnlyscsmnui'-Potash determinations made in 3 only.

~Samana Guano contains, in addition, 2.87 Mngnesia.



NOT!!B.-Figures in parenthesis ( ) immeditely Jollowlng the name.r of fertilizers, show the number of an~lyses that have been mndo of each particular

fertilizer, where more than one bas been made.

The commercial vnines nre Cillculnted as follows: tho ".Avnllable Phosphoric Acid," "Amm onia" and "Potash," being Ute valuable Ingredients for

which Utefarmerpnys his mooey-ihey, only, are considered in lll'Certainlng the cmnmercl.lll value. The numbers in the respective columns of the "bove -.:!

ingreclients, lnuicate the number of pounds of each in one hundred pounds of the fertilizer.

-.:!

To ascertain tho value of the nvnllable pltosphorlc acid In nny brand, multiply the number in that column by 12)1.:; cents (the value of ono pound) for

the vruue cf that element in 100 pounds; which product, mulltplied by 20 (twenty times 100 pounds makas 2,000 pounds, or one ton,) will give thevolue

of the a vnilnbie pho<phoric acid in one ton.

1\luitlply,the number of pounds of .Ammonia by 18 cents (the value of one pound.) This product, multiplied by 20, will give the value of tho .Ammo-

nia Ia a ton.

Multiply tbe Potash by 8 cents (the value of a pound), and that. product by 20, which will give the value of the Potash In a ton.

Then ndu these fltree values IOg<'ther, and you will have the commercial value of a ton o.f the fertillzcr.

The dealers in fertilizers are unusually bt.ckward In bl'lng!ng thl'ir stock this season, which has delayed the Issue of this ci rcular; and even now very few brands, compared with the number thut wiil he o1fe retl on the Georgia market, are included in this table, being only tli/rty-11im, while lb ere were[!ft'Y eight in Circular No. 22,1ssued January, 1876; and one hmdrl a!ICL elglt brands sold in the State during the last season.

78

Remarks on the Analyses and Prices.

The prices of the elements of plant food in fertilizers-

A vailable Phosphoric Acid, Ammonia, and Potash-used

in the calculations of commercial values last year, were

too high, being above the true market price or value of

the same; but were retai ned for the purpose of convenient

comparison with the values of the year previous.

The following prices have been adopted for the present

season, being the nearest possible approximation to the

true value at Savannah, of the elements of plant food in

fertilizers,. viz :

A vail able Phosphoric Acid, 12! cents Ammonia ........................ 18 " Potash ..... ....................... 8 ''

p,e,r

lb.
''

,, ''

These are the elements for which the farmer pays hh!

money, and th ese alone should be considered in making

purchases. To illustrate: Take "Etiwan Dissolved Bone,

29 per cent," which is prepared for com posting. It has

14.70 per cent. of Available Phosphoric Acid, or 14.70

lbs. in every 100 lbs., or 294 lbs. in a ton; which, at 12!

cents per pound, amounts to $36.75 as the true value of a

ton of that brand.

Farmers will promote their interest by carefully exam-

ining the analyses and prices before purchasing. Compare

Com mercial Values with Cash Prices, and try to obtain

the largest amount of plant food at the least cost. It will

be seen that some of the brands among those containing

the hi ghest per cent. of plant food, are sold at a lower

price tlnn those containing a lower per cent.

The results of the Experiments given in this Circular,

compared with the analyses given in Circular No. 26, show

that it is safe to purchase by the analysis, which states the

exact number of pounds of plant food contained in 100

pounds of the fertilizer.

Available Phosphoric Acid is worth 12! cents per pound,

no matter from what so.1 ce it comes; and the farmer

79

should not pay more than that price for it. The same i~

true of Ammonia and Potash at the prices named for these

elements.



There is nothing in the name under which a fertilizer is

sold. The same article is often sold under several differ-

ent names, at prices varying from five to ten dollars per

ton. Farmers should look to the quality, and the price,

regardless of names.

The table of analyses supplies all the informati0n neces-

sary to a judicious selection.

Some dealers declined to give prices; in such cases they

are omitted.

NoTE.-The Insoluble Phosphoric Acid has not been

considered in the calculation of Commercial Values in the

table, since it is not immediately available as plant food;

but it is proper to say, that if derived from pure ground

bone it is valuable, if immediate results are not sought.

Formulre for composting.
R epn'nt (wt!z some changes) }'rom Circular No. 22.
If the stable manure and cotton seed have been pre served un der shelter, and the compost is to be used on red oak and hickory lands, use the following:
No.1.
Stable manure........... ................ ......................................................... ......... 750 poundt Cotton eed (green).......... .... ............. ..... .... ... .................... ......... .............. <50 " -'.cid Phosphate or DlssolTed Bone.......... .. ..... ............. ................................. 500 "
linking a ton of ......... ...... ................................................................2,000 " DIRECTIONS FOR COMPOSTING.
Spread under shelter a layer of stable manure four inches thick; on this sprinkle a portion of the phosphate; next spread a layer of cotton seed three inches thick; wet t!teu tlto1'oug!tly with strong brine, and sprinkle with phosphate

80
next spread another layer of stable manure three inches thick. Continue to repeat these layers in the above order until the material is consu med. Cover the whole mass with stable manure or scrapings from the lot one or two inches thick. Allow the heap to stand in thi s condition until a thorough fermentation takes place, which will require from three to six weeks, according to circumstances, dependent upon moisture and the strength of the materials used. When the cotton seed are thoroughly killed, with a sharp hoe or mattock, cut down vertically through the layers; pulverize and shovel into a heap, where the fermentation will be renewed and the compost be still further irr.proved. Let it lie two weeks after cutting down; it will then be ready for use.
FOR COTTON.
Apply in the opening furrow 200 pounds per acre, and with the planting seed 75 or 100 pounds per acre, making in all 27 5 or 300 pounds per acre. If it is desired to apply a larger quantity per acre, open furrows the desired distance and over them sow broadcast 400 pounds per acre; bed the lar.d, and then apply 100 pounds per acre with the seed.
FOR CORN.
Apply in the hill by the side of the seed, half-pint to the hill. An additional application around the stalk before the first plowing, will largely increase the yield of grain.
For sandy pine lands, dissolve sixty pounds of muriate of potash in warm water, and sprinkle a proportionate quantity of the solution on each layer of stable manure and cotton seed. The same weight of cotton seed and manure, or sixty pounds of the two, may be omitted when the pota~h is used.
If lot manure, or that which has been so exposed as to lose some of its fertilizing properties, is composted, use-

81
No.2.
J:.,ot ma,ur@ ......... ................. ......... , ... ..... .... ... .. ............. . ............... ....... ..... (i}i:l roullds Cotton oeed.. .................. ............................................... ...... ............ .. ........... G50 " Acid Phophate. ..... ......... ............. ............ ...... ........ .... ........ ......... ................ 600 " Sulphate cf Ammonia... ......... .................. .. .. .... .................................. ... .. .... 60 .Muriate of Potash ..... .... ........ .................. .. .. .... .., ...................... ........... ....... ~0 '
Making a t on of. .. .............. ...............................................................2,000 "
Mix as in No. 1, except that the sulphate of ammonia and muriate of potash must be dissolved in warm water, and a proportion~te part of each sprinkled on each layer of manure and cotton seed.
No. 3.
To utilize the marl found in the souther!l part of th e State, if containing 20 per cent. or more of lime, use-
:l.larl ............................... ..... .. ..................................... ............................. 600 pou ud .Muck, or ric!l ~egetablc mould .......................... ........................................ GOO ' ' Acid Phosphate..................................... .. ................................................... 500 " Agricultural !!alt......................................................:.................................... 200 '' .Mur!nte of potash .... ... ........ .......................................................................... 100 "
M aldng a ton of.................................................................................2,000 "
Mix thoroughly the ingredients and allow them to stand a few weeks; apply from !300 to 400 p<:mnds per acre, to cotton or corn in the drill.
This marl may also be profitably used, either naturally or burned, in combination with salt, at the rate of 10 bushels of marl to one of salt, and applied broadcast over pea vines or other green vegetable matter, and all turned into the ground with a good turning plow.
Neither marl nor lime should be applied to la11d deficz'ent in vegetable matter.
Directions for the use of these composts have been given only for corn and cotton-the hvo crops to which fertilizers are principally applied in Georgia. Experience1 however, has shown them to be equally efficacious when applied to other crops, either f1eld or garden.
From 300 to 400 pounds to the acre on small grain have produced satisfactory results.
6

82
By reference to the foregoing tables of analyses, etc. , it will be seen that acid phosphate or dissolved bone of high grade can be purchased at from thrly to thz"rly-five dollars per ton, so that the actual outlay need not exceed $7.50 per ton of the compost when 500 pounds of phosphate are used, as in formula No. 1.
In making these composts the proportions of stable manure and cotton seed may be varied to suit the supply at command, though care must be taken, if the cotton seed are largely in excess, to avoid excessive h~at and consequent cooking of the seed. When killed, the seed should be soft enough to be readily mashed between the fingers.
In the foregoing formul:e the potash may be omitted on lands comparatively fresh and on which the original growth was oak and hickory; but if such lands have been much worn, it will be well to retain it. The presence of oak and hickory, or other potash consuming growth, is an indication of the presence of potash in the soil. When such lands, however, have been so worn that when turned out, stunted old field pines spring up, it is safe to assume that the addition of a moderate quantity of potash will increase production.
The economy and profit of the compost system is no longer a debataole question with practical farmers. However much the pseudo-scientist, who rejects facts which his theories fail to explain, may endeaver to turn it to ridicule as "unscientific," with the true economist and practical agriculturist, the solid facts derived from the crucial test of nature's laboratory, will outweigh all his theories and the shallow sophistry by which he seeks to sustain them.
The true scientist, however, does not shut his eyes to facts, but uses them as material of which to build his theories.
It is earnestly hoped that the farmers throughout the State will avail themselves of the advantages of the com-

83
post system this year, to the full extent of the home manures that have been properly husbanded, and prepare to save, under shelter, all available excrementitious deposits from all kinds of stock, for the compost heaps of the next season.
A due regard to economy in this respect will be worth millions of dollars annually to the farmers of the State, in money saved and in increased production.
The experiments conducted with care last year in every portion of the State, and on every variety of soil, are conclu~ive demonstrations corroborative of results previously obtained by their use. The contrast between the profits on the cost of the compost and commercial fertilizers is too striking to need further comment. A careful examination of the results in the different experiments, is invited.
This circular has been delayed longer than it should, in the hope of having it contain Analyses of nearly all the fertilizers that will be on the Georgia market during the season. Only a small number have come into market in time ; enough, however, it is hoped, to enable farmers to make judicious selections at fair prices.
A circular containing the average Analyses of every brand inspected during the whole season of 1876-7, with the statistics of the trade in fertilizers in the State, will be published at the end of the season.
Respectfully submitted,
~~OA4 (/!~~
Oommis3i.oner of AgricuUu,e.
ERRATA.
Page 15, Peter Slatesberry, should be Peter Stotesberry.
Page 35, in the experiment of J. R. Cooper, "Bradley's
Ammoniated Soluble Bone," should be "Bradley's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone. "

INDEX.

Abaco Guano .... ..... . .... ... . . . ... .......... .. .. .. ..... 20, 27, 29 Allison , H. L. vY ...... . . .. ... .. ...... . ... ....... . . .. ... . . .. . . .. 27 Ammoniated Soluble Bone, (Pratls) . .. . . . . .............. . 5, 6, 35, 43 Analyses of F ertilizers . ......... .. . . ... . . ....... .. . . . . .......... 74 Analyse of F er tilizers-Remarks oo .. ... .... . ........ . ...... . . .... 78 Atlantic Acid Phospha te .... . . . .. .. . ..... ...... 33, 36, 39, 56, 57, 60 .A.tlantic Fertilizer . .... . ......... .. ............. ...... .. .. 11, 13, 19 Ashes and salt . . .. . . .. .. . . .... . ........ . . ... . . . . . .......... ... 34

Haldwio, E. S . . ... .. .. ...... . .. ..... ....... ..... . . .. ....... .. 49

Baldwin & Co.'s Ammoniated Dissolved Bone . .. . ....... .. 5, 6, 48, 61

Bale's Guaoo . . .......... . .... . . .... ............ . ..... 11, 32, 37,62

Hales' Cb emical . ...... ......... . . ..... ... . .......... .. ... ... 46, 54

Bahama Soluble Guano . . . .... . . ... ... . .... ... .. . . . .. 7, 33, 45, 54

Battle, H. L.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 62

Barry's Uh emical Fertil izer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 8, 3. , 56, 57, 60 Barry's Clay Laud Fertilizer. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

I '

Barry's Uompouu d Bi-Plwsphattl . .. .. . ........ . ..... . 25, 26, 34,64

Barry's Grangers' ~'ertilizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ... 43, 54,

Bellflower, Elijah, .. . ... ......... .............................. .. 60

Black, Geo. b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ... 55

Blood Gu no [i\Ianhattan]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... ... 7, 10, 64

Blue Bone Super-pbospbate ....... . .. . ...... : . . ..... . .... 8, ::17, 38, 53

Bibb Conoly Agricultural Society..... .... . ... ... .. . . . . . . ... ...... 6ii

Boswell, J . 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 29

Bradley's Ammoniated Dissolved Bone ... . .. 8, 12, 17, 1 , 19, 27, 35, 64

Bmdley's Patent Super-phospll ate .. . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 42, 52, 64

Bridge, F. L ...... . ............ . .... ...... ..... .. . ... ....... . . 44

Brighton (Upton's) R aw Bone . . ................... .. .. 5, 6, 18, 38, 40, 61

Brown, J. R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. ... .. ... . 64

Browning, J. A.. . . . . . . . . ............... . ..... ......... ....... . . 1g

Bunn, li. H . . .. ... .. . - ...... .. . .... ....... ........ .......... 51

Burnt Bone .... .. ..... .. .... ... . .... ........... .' ....... ..... 11

Burton , Robert...... . .. ......... . .... . . . . .... ..... .... ... .... .. 16

Carolina 1-'crtilizer ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 44, 59 Uary , H. H.. ..... . ............ .... ... .. ........ .. ...... ..... 62 Castoria,... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ....... 29,55 C. C. Coo's Super-phosphate.. . ....... . . . . .. ... . . ... . .. ..... 25, 26, 64
Chesapeake Guano .... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :n, 39, 04, 55

85
Climax Super-phosphate . . .... .. .. .. . . . .. . ........ .. . . ...... ...27, 52 Clover sod- Experiment on . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . ..... . ... . . .. ... 39 Colquitt, \V. J... . .. .......... .. ... . ... . . ....... . .. ..... . . ....... 12 Composts, (Home) . ... .... . .... .. .. .. .12, 31, 32, 36, 44, 50, 53, 57, 60 Composting, Rules for .. . ... ...... . . .. .. .. . .. . . . . ..... .. .. .. .. 4, 79 Commercial values ... . .. ..... . ..... . .... . . . . ..... . ....... .. ..... 74 Commercial values-how to calculate them . . . .. .... ..... . .. .. ...... 77 Commercial value of a pound of Fertilizing Elemen t. ... . .... ..... 78 Cotton Compound .A.mmonillted Dissolvet\ Bone . . . ..... .. . . 5, 6, 31, 54 Cotton seed (in composts) . .. . ... .. . ........ ........ .. ...... . 8, 12, 13 Cottou Seed Compost. ...... .. ... .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 32, 59 Cotton seed... ..... . .. . .... . . . . ........ ... ... . .... 47, 49, 50, 59 Cooper, J. R. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. ..... .. ....... . ..... 35 Cox, J. l\1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 19 Crescent Bone Super-PlJOsphate .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . ... . . . 62, 63, 64 Cumberland Bone Super-phosphate . . .. . .. ..... . .. . .. 11. 31 , 32, 35, 61

Davis, W. A ...... ... . .. ....... .. . . .. .. ... . .. .. ..... . ... ... .. .. .. 63 Deckuer, Charle~.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .... . ........ .... . . . . . ....... 33 D efi ance Superphosphate .. ... . .... . ....... .. ..,. ........ .. ... .. 19, 37 Dent, Geo. C..... . . .. . . .... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. ....... .. . . ..... 55 Diamond Amm'cl Dis'cl Bone.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29, 39, 54, 64 Dickson's F ertilizer [A.] .. ... . . . .. .. .. ...... ... ... ....... 34, 40, 64 Dickson's Compound . ....... . ... .. . ............ .. . . .... . .. 39, 43,64 Directions for Com posting .. .. .. . . . ... .. .. . ...... .. ...... ...... 4, 79 Directions for conducting Soil Tests . . . . . . .. ..... . . . . ........ . . . . . . 3 Dixon, Thomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 47 Dobb3' Chemicals . . . .... .... ... ..... ....... .... . .. .. . . . .. ...... 11, 48, 61 Dugdale's Lunmoniated Superphosphate . ..... . .... ........ . . . 25, 26, 64

Eagle Ammoui~ted Bone Superphosrhate ...... . .. .. ........ 38, 39, 64

Echols' .A.cicl Phosphate . .. . .. . . . . .. ......... .... .. .. . . 10, 37, 38, 63

Echols' Raw Bone Snperpho phate . .. ... .. . . . ... ....... ... .... . . 45, 60

Edenfield, E . H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 54

(

Edmondson, \V. P . . .. . ... . . .. ..... . .. .. . ... .. . ..... . ... ...... 42

E. Frank Coe's DL olved Bone ... . . .. ..... . .. . . . . . . . . ... . ... . 63, 65

E. Frank Cue's Lunmoniated Bone 8uperphospllate .. 7, 13, 14, 34, 35, 46

Empire Guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ...... .. . .... . .... .. ... . ....... 60

Enocll Ooe's Ammoniated Bone Su perphosphate .. . . . . . ... .... .. 11, 33

Etiwan Crop Food Chemicals . .... . .. ...... .... . . . ... .. . 15, 47, 64

Etiwan Dissolved Bone ... . . .. ... . !), 12, 14, 18, 21, 22, 23, 37, 48, 49,65

Etiwan Guano.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 9, 10, 28, 31, 58

Eureka Lunmouiated Bone Superphosphate ..... . ... . ... . 11, 12, 48, 61

Everett, R. W . . .. . ....... . .. . .. . . ... ........... ... .. . . . .. ......... 57

El.:cdlenza Cot ton Fertilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. .............. 28, 55, 58

86

E:xpuriments with Fertilizers , Results of.. . ..... ... . . ...... . ... ... . . .. 5

Expcrimen.ls with Fertilizers, R emarks on . . .

. . . . ..... . . . . 65

Ft\nnin, James H ... . .. .. ..... . . ............. . ... ...... . . . ........ 33

Farmers' Fertilizing Compound .... . ... . .. . ..... . ....... . .... 41, 42

F elton, L . AI ........ . . . . . ....... . ... . .... . ...... . . .... . . . . ...... 25

Flour of S. C. Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 16 Foreman, R. L .. ....... . ...... ...... . .... ..... . .. .... ....... . ....... 61

1

Fowl-house Manure. .. . ... . . ... . ... . .. . . . .. . ..... .. .. 21, 22, 23, 43

Form uhe for Com j)()Sting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. ... , .. 79

Frederick, J. D........... . ... . . . .. . . .. .................. . ... . ... IS

Gee, B. H ................. . . ........ . ....... . ...... . . ...... .. 59 Georgia Sta te Grange Fertilizer... 12, 13, 16, 19, 35, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 59 Georgia State Grange Dissolved Bone.. . .. . .. .. ..... .. ..... . .. 35, 38 Grange Mixture .. . ...... . . . .. . .. . . ........ . 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 32, 64 Gray's Fertilizing Compound .. .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . .... ... . ... 29, 37, 62 Grier, E . C.. . ..... . ..... . . . . . . ... . . . ........... . ... .. . .. .. ..... 34 Ground Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Guanape Guano.. . . .. ... . . ..... ... .. . ......... . . ... ..... .. 29, 45, 64 Guanihani Guano . .... . .. . ...... ... .. ... . . . .. . ..... ...... 15, 38, 61
Hamilton, T. A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .. .... ... ...... ... 12 Hanson, J . F ...... . .. . . ...... . .......... .. ..... . .... .... . ...... 62 Hape, Samuel... . . . . . . . .... . ....... .. . . .. . .. . . ... ........ ...... 28
Hardaway, R H..... ... .... .. .. ....... . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .... . . . . . 43
Heard, E. B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ....... . . 30 Hen Man ure... .. . . . . . ...... . ..... . .................. . .. 21, 22, 23, 43 Hix, William ........ . ... .. . . . . . . .... ..... .. .... .. . ....... .... 32 Home Composts . ... . .... ... . . . .. . .. .. 12, 31, 32, il6, 44, 50, 53, 57, 60 Horn, Daniel A . . ..... .. .............. : . . . .. .... . .......... .. 31 Horne, Pearce .. .. . .. ... . .. . . .. . . . ... .. ........... . ... .. . ...... 63 Howard, C. W . .. . .. . ......... . . .. ... . ........ .. . ......... .. 64 IIuie, John M....... .... . ... . . . . . . .... . .. ... ........ . . ......... 51 Hutchins, P . R . .... . . ..... . ...... .. ... ......................... . 26
J ones, J. B.... . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ........... . .. . ...... 45 Jones, Reuben. . . . . ... . ... . . .. ... . . ... .. ... .. . .'. .... . .. . .. . . .. 12
Kilgore, \V. C. . . . . . . . ... . . . . ...... . ..... ... . .... . ...... .. ..... . 37 Kimbrough, T. H ..... . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ......... . ..... ... ..... 25 King, J. Roswell.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . ... . . 55

Ladd's Alkaline Fertilizer.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Land Plaster . . ... . .. . ........... . . . . . .. . .... . ...... 27, 32, 50, 55, 6~ Latimer, John R .. .... . . . .. . ... . . . . . . .. . ... . .. . ... . .......... . 53

7
Lavender, ,J . S . . ........ . . .. ... . .............. .. . ....... . .. .... 15 Lawton, J. S ...... .... . . ...... . ... .... ..... ... ........... . .. ... 64 LeSueur, B ...... .. ...... . . . ......... .. ...... ... . ... .... . . . . .. . 2:'i Lewis, Job n F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ..... .. . 64 Leyden's Ammoniated Snlntle Guano ... . .... . .. ........ 48, 61 , 62, 64. LieJ:oig's Formula . .... ....... . .. . ........... . .... ... .21. 22, 23, 42, 61 r,ime . - ..... - - - .. -.. - -- - . - - . - - .. - .. - ... .. . -. .. .. - ....... - . - - - 50 T-indley, J. T ... . ........ . .. . .......... ..... .. . ...... .. ...... .. 39 Linton,J.s . . ........... .. ... ...... ...... ...... . . . . . ... . . . ... 42 Little. James F ..... .. .. . . . ..... . . ... ......... . .. . ............ . .. 11 Little, Willis.. . . . .. . ....... .. . . ..... . . . . ... . . .. ............ 40, 41 Livingston, L. F ......... . . . ... . . .. ................. . ..... . .. . .. 60 Logan'~ Soutbei'!J Fertilizing Compound . . .. .. ..... 12, 14, 15, 34, 35,40 Long, H. L . .. . .. .. . .. s. . ...... . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .... 64 T,oug, H. R. .J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Mandeville, .Jas. F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . ........ 3 :Manhattan Blood Guano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ... ..... . 7, 16, 48, 64 Manipulated Guano . .... . .. . . . ...... . .... 27, 28, 31, 34' 47, 48, 55, 63 Mape's Nitrogenized Superphosphate............. ... .. .... 51, 62, 64 ?tiathis' Chemicnl Compound........ .. .. . ........ . . . .... " 34, 51, 63 Mathews, W . F ... ....... .. .......... .. ... ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. 37 Mattox, H. P .... . ... . ... . . . .... . .. .. ..... ... .... .. .. ... . . . .... .. 64 Jt[attox, H. W ..... . ... . .. ... ... ... . ... .. ..... ... .. ..... .. .. . .. 31 McDaniel, I. 0 . ... . ......... .. .... . ... ........ . .. . .......... . ... 20 McElmurray, Jas. H . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . ......... . ....... . ...... . .. 27 Merryman's Am'd Dis'l'd Bone .. 6, 9, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 40, 43, 47, 55, 61 Merryman's Dissolved Rone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 45, 51, 64 Minor's Ammoniated Superphosphate .. .. ............... 19, 31, 49, 59 Montgomery, .]. N ..... ...... ........... ........ . ....... ... . . .. 63 Montgomery, W . S .... . ...... .... .......................... .. 17 Munro, G. W . C ...... . . . . . . . . . .... . ...... ... .. ... ......... . 46,47
National Soluble Bone (Pratt's)... . . . . . . ....... . 11, 15, 18, 21 , 22, 2 , 38 Navassa Acid Phosphate.... .......... .. . . .......... .. ..... 58, 65 Navassa Guano-Ammoniated. . . ... . . . . ............ . . .. 40, 45,64 Neal, James L .. .. ............................ .. ............... 7 Nelson, W. K . ........ . . .............. . .... .... .................. 13
Ober's Dissolved Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. 10, 63, 65 Ober's Genuine Phospho-Peruvian .... .. .. . .. .... .. ... . ... 17, 41, 62 Ober's Sol. Am'd Superphosphate ............... . 19, 25, 34, 36, 43, 64 Ober's S.C. Dis'd Bone Phosphate ....... . ... ... .. ....... . 16, 27, 53, 62 Ogletree, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Oyster-shell Lime . ..... . ....... . ......... .. ... ........ .... 13, 19, 44

88

Paden, M. S. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... ....... ~6

Pafford, J. B ... ... . ... . .. ............... .. . .. ...... .. . . ..... ... ll3

Palmetto Acid Phospha. e....... .... . . ... . .... . ............ . . . 19, 55

Patapsco Soluble Guano .. ... . . . ........................ 26, 35, 86, 57

Pattillo, James ............. . ... . .. . . . .... ...... ...... . . .. . . . . . 33

P . B. and P. Solnble Bone .......... ... ..... . .... ..... . ....... 27, 31

Pendleton's Compound . .. .. ...... ........ . ...... 11, 21, 22, 23, 34, 64

Peruvian Guano .... . .. . . .. .. .. .... . ........... . ....... ill, 32, 58, 64

Phrenix Guano......................... . . .. .......... ... 9, 49, 51

Phosphate Flour (S.C.,) ...................................... . .. 16

Plaster . . . .... .. ....... .. ...... .. .... .... ..... .. .... 27, 32, 50, 55 64
Player, S. r .. ... .. ..... ... ........ ...... .. .. ......... ... . .... . 64

Poe, 0. P ....... . .......... .. .......... . .... .. ..... ... ..... .... 64

Popplein's Silicated Superphosphate ......... . ..... ... .... 49, 51, 61

Powhatan Raw Bone Superphosphate ..... .. . . ... .... . ... 53, 59, 64

Pratt's Fertilizers.................. 5, 6, 11, 15, 18, 21, 22, 28, 29, 35, 43

Preston & Son's Am'd Snperphosphate .... . ...... .. ...... .. . 59, 62, 63

P.rices of Fertilizers (in table) . . .. . ........ . .. ... .... ... ..... .... . 74

Pritch ett, M. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45

Ragan, R. J .... . ........ .... ... ......... :. .... .. ... . ...... . . . .. 38 Ragsdale's Ammoruated Bone Superphosphate .. . .. .. .. . 5, 6, 10, 27, 40 Remarks on the Experiments ............ ... ..... ... . ........ ... 65 R emarks on the Analyse; . ........... ... ............ . ... ... . .... 78 Respess, J. R ......... .... ............. ...... .................. . . 28 Roff, Aaron .. .......... . ... . . . ............................. . . . .. . 61 Rowland's (Solomon's) Chemical Compound . ... . .......... 34, 35, 54 Russell Coe's Ammoniated Bone Superphosphate ... . .... .... 19, 35, 39
Rutherford, Williams ..................... .... ...... .. ........ .. 64

Salt......... ....... . . . . ........................... . . .. .. 36, 50 Sal~ and Ashes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . .. .. .. ... . 34 Sanders, C. JII. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Sardy's Acid Phosphate..... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. ..... 12, 17, 18, 50, 52 S!lrdy's Ammoniated Soluble Pacific . ........ . ... ........... 16, 34,55 Sardy's Dissolved Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .. .. 16, 34 Sardy's Phospho-Peruvian .... . ........... . ... ........... 9, 26, 27,32 Sea Fowl Guano [B. D .] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. 16, 31, 32 Sea Gull Ammoniated Dissolved Bone ........ . . . .. .. . . ..... 32, 62, 64 Sharpe, J. J. A .... .. ...... .............. .. ....... . . ... . ... . ..... 64 Sheppard, C. C .. .. . .. .... .'................................ .' 48 Smith, B. C............................ . ..... ... . . .. ... .. .. . . .41 Smith, Jubilee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. 59 Smith, Wm. A ... ..... ..... . ... . ... . . ..... . ................ . . 6 Smith, Simeon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Soil Tests-Rules for con<luctino- .... ...... ..... ........ , .. , . .. . . . 3

89
Sml Tests-Remarks on .... .. . ... .. . .. .. . . . ... .......... . . .... . 65 Soil Tests-Results of . ...... . . ... , . ., ... .... .... ... ... . . ...... 5 Solomon's (Rawlanll's) Chemical compoud .. ... ... . . . .. .20, 34, 35, 54 Soluble Pacific Acid Phosphate .. ... . ..... . ... . ....... .... .. 26, 31, 50 Soluble Pacific Guano . .. .. .. .. 11, 25, 32, 35, 39, 43, 50, 53, 55, 57, 59, 64 Sol uble Sea Island Guano ... ........ . .. . . . ....... 11, 29, 40, 41, 50, 65 South Carolina Dissolved Bone Pho8phate . . . .. . . ..... 16, 27, 53, 62 South C11rolioa Phosphate Fbur. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. .... . . ... ... 16 Speight, T. E ............... .. . . ... . . . . . . . .. .... .. . ....... . . . .. 52 Sproull, C. W ... .... . . .. .. ... ... . ,. . . . ...... .... . .. .. .. .. .... . 43 Stable Manure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . 12, 43
Stallworth, Tbos. H.. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . ..... . ... .. .. 50
::)tate Grange F ertilizers, . . ... .10, 12, l:l, JG, 19, 35, 38, 50, 52, 54, 5G, 59 Stern's Ammoniated Super-phosphate . ... . .. . . . . .. 10, 37, 40, 56, 57, 64 Stern's Ground Bone. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .. 50, 60 Stevens, J.P... . . . .......... . ..... ......... ......... ... .. .. . . 62 Stewart, W. A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .. .. .............. . . . . 39 Stokes, A. W ....... . .............. . .... . ... . ... . . . . . . . . . .... 54 Stono Acid Phosphate.. . . . ... . . ... .. . . . .... .. 11, 21, 22, 23, 34, 50 Stono Sol able Guano.. . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . ..... . 8, 12, 16, 19, 35, 50, Stotesberry, Peter...... . . . ..... . . . . .. . . . .... ........ . . . ...... 15 Strong's Ammoniated Super-phospLxte.. . .. .. .. .. ... . .. . ....5, 6, 7, 20 Stud till, Wm . ....... . ... .. ............ . . .. ....... .. .. ...... .... 26 Sturgis, A. E .... . . ... .... . ... . ... ... . .. . .. . ........ .. ..... . . ... 48
T1nver, A. E .. . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . .... ..... . . . . . . ........... . ... 34 T enn essee Vall ey Guauo ......... . ...... .. .......... . ........ 33, 42 T.:sts ($oil) of F ertilizers, Ru les, Resul ts, Remarks . . . . . . . . . ... 3, 5, 65 Thornton, F. P ...... . .................. .. ... .. . . . .. ... ... ....... 58 Towe rs' Compost . . .... . ...... . . . .. . . , . . . . .......... .. .... .. ..... 57 Treadwell. J. W ...... : . ........ .... ......... . .......... ...... 10 Turner, .John . . . . ....... . . ... . ....... . . . .. .. ... . ... .. . . . . : . . . . 9 Turner, J . P . . .. .. ................ . ... . . . . .. .. ... . . .... ... . ...... 42
Turner, W. ,V.. .. .. ... .. ...... ...... .. . ..................... 59
Upton's (Brighto n) AmmoniatediSuper-plwspl:ate ... . 5, 6, 18, 38, 40, 61
Values-How to calculate them ........ ......... ... ........... 77 V11 lue of a pound of Fertiliziug Element ....... . ....... . . .. . ... 78
Wando Acid Phosphate . .............. . . .. .. . .. . . .. . 6, 22, 23, 34, G4 Waodo Fertilizr>r .......... ...... ... .. . .. . . . .. . .... . .. .. . . 12,46, 61 'V!inl, .M. B ... . . . ...... . ...... .. ... .. .. . . ... .. . .. ... ...... ... . 7
'\Yare, J. B .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . :n
' Vartbcn, :Macon ...... .. ...... .. .... ... ... . .. .. .. . .......... . .. . 57

~Jl l1~1i~mi~1~1MI~I~r~r~~1~
3 2108 05732 5352

90

Wattson&Clark's Super-phosphate, 7, 12, 21, 22, 23, 32, 34, 35, 48, 54, 64 Whann's Raw Bone Superphosphate, ........ 11, :!.4, 16, 32, 35, 113, 64 Wllitlock's Vegetator...... .. ...... . ...... . .. . .. ..... ... 18, 40, 41, 60 Wilcox & Gibb's Fertilizers ........ 9, 27, 28, 31, 34, 47, 48, 49, 51, 55, 63 Williams & Brumby's Ground Bone.. . ...... . ... .... ... . .. 29, 43, 59 Wilson's Super-phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ................. 25 Wilson, John C... .. . ................ .. ............... . . . .... . . .. . 61 Willis, L. B.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 64 Wingfield, John T....... .. . . .. . . . ..... .. ...... ..... . ...... . ... 49 Wim'lerly. John R............. ..................... . .. .. ......... 65

Youngblood, J. T.. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . ............................ 58

Zell's Zell's

ACmo~ttoonniAatceidd

Phosphate ..... .. .. . .................. . Bone Super-phosphate. . .... .. . . .... 14,

31, 16,

62, 45,

64 58

\
l
I



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