Environmental justice identification & proposed outreach report, Statewide Transportation Improvement Program [2012]

Environmental Justice Identification and Proposed Outreach Report
GDOT Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP)
FY 2015-2018

Environmental Justice Identification & Proposed Outreach Report
Contents 1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................... 2 2.0 Purpose.................................................................................................................. 3 3.0 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 5 4.0 STIP Area Results ............................................................................................... 9 5.0 STIP District Area Maps ................................................................................. 15
5.1 District 1 ....................................................................................................... 15 5.2 District 2 ....................................................................................................... 21 5.3 District 3 ....................................................................................................... 27 5.4 District 4 ....................................................................................................... 33 5.5 District 5 ....................................................................................................... 39 5.6 District 6 ....................................................................................................... 45 6.0 Focus and Findings .......................................................................................... 51 6.1 Minority Findings ...................................................................................... 51 6.2 Hispanic Findings ...................................................................................... 51 6.3 Low-income Findings ............................................................................... 51 6.4 Elderly Findings ......................................................................................... 52 6.5 LEP Findings................................................................................................52 7.0 Public Outreach Strategy...............................................................................52 8.0 Sources of Information...................................................................................64 8.1 Reports and Studies..................................................................................64 8.2 Internet Sites .............................................................................................. 64
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1.0 Introduction
Since 1970, the Federal-Aid Highway Program has required full consideration of possible adverse social, economic, and environmental effects during project planning, development, and decision-making. Federal policies and laws that play a role in federal highway decision making include the following:
Title VI of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Intermodal Surface Transportation and Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). Environmental Justice (EJ) Executive Order 12898 signed in 1994. Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) signed in 1998. Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2005: A Legacy for Users
(SAFETEA-LU). 2011 Memorandum of Understanding on Environmental Justice and Executive Order 12898. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 (MAP-21).
Per federal law, STIPs must involve early and continuous public involvement and outreach; all peoples must be included in disregard of race, color and natural origin. Title VI of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on these accounts. In addition, President Clinton signed Environmental Justice (EJ) Executive Order (EO) 12898 in 1994, which defines EJ as the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, income or education level, in transportation decision making. The EO mandates that "each federal agency identify and address disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of its programs, policies, and activities on minority and/or low income populations." To further ensure efforts in EJ outreach, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on Environmental Justice and Executive Order 12898 was signed on August 4, 2011.
The STIP identifies federally funded transportation projects such as highway, maintenance, bicycle, and pedestrian projects. The Georgia STIP includes transportation projects for rural areas that were developed in the Georgia Department of Transportation's (GDOT's) ongoing planning process.
Minority and low-income identification and outreach is required as part of the STIP. According to FHWA Order 6640.23, minority is defined as a person who is African American, Asian American, American Indian, or Alaskan Native. It further defines a person having low-income as a person whose household income is at or below the Department of Health and Human Services poverty guidelines. By focusing on minority, Hispanic, and low-income, or traditionally underserved populations, federal agencies can ensure that federal actions are inclusive for all people. In addition to low-income and minority populations, elderly and disabled persons should also be considered in public involvement and outreach. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) encourages the involvement of people with disabilities in the development and improvement of transportation and paratransit plans and services.
This report details the efforts made to identify EJ populations within the STIP area and the strategies used to target these populations through the public involvement process.
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2.0 Purpose
Public outreach and involvement is extremely important for states to effectively integrate environmental justice concerns into transportation decision-making. During the STIP planning stage and prior to the project development stage, efforts must be made to identify EJ populations within each GDOT District (see Figure 1: GDOT District Map) and include these populations in a meaningful public outreach strategy. EJ populations can be identified using the following sources: (1) U.S. Census Bureau Data, (2) American Community Survey Data, and (3) data collected from local government planning departments and DOT transportation staff. Section 3 discusses the methodology for identifying the EJ populations for the GDOT rural counties. This document serves as the Environmental Justice Identification and Proposed Outreach Report included in the Georgia STIP for the rural counties within the state. To better guide the environmental justice outreach program, an analysis of racial, ethnic, income, and age demographics for each STIP county was conducted. In addition, English proficiency demographics were evaluated to identify populations with limited English proficiency in order to determine the need for Spanish speaking interpreters at Open House meetings or for handout materials to be made available in Spanish. Information contained in this report is used to identify characteristics and locations of EJ populations in the Georgia STIP area. In addition, this document outlines outreach strategies specific to EJ populations in rural areas of Georgia to ensure equal involvement of all peoples in the statewide planning process. This document includes the following: (1) methodology used to determine the EJ threshold for minorities, Hispanic, low-income, elderly and limited English proficiency groups; (2) identification of EJ communities that are above the EJ threshold; (3) information on public outreach strategies and best practices; and (4) identification of local EJ organizations and resources for disseminating information to EJ populations.
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Figure 1: GDOT District Map
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3.0 Methodology
This section describes the methodology employed in defining and identifying environmental justice populations in the GDOT STIP area. The rural STIP area consists of the 130 counties in Georgia that are the responsibility of the GDOT and not under the authority of the 29 counties included in the metropolitan planning organization (MPO) areas. There are several changes to the Environmental Justice Identification and Proposed Outreach Report for FY 2015-2018. These changes include the following:
Catoosa County is now included in the Chattanooga MPO area; Screven County moved from GDOT District 2 to GDOT District 5; Clinch County moved from District GDOT 4 to District GDOT 5; and, In 2014, Bartow County transitioned to the Cartersville-Bartow MPO. At the time of the FY 2015-
2018 STIP, this new MPO did not have an approved Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) or Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) in place so projects in the non-Atlanta Regional Commission portion of Bartow County appeared in the STIP and public meeting maps. However, for the Environmental Justice Identification report, Bartow County is considered a MPO and EJ populations have not been mapped. For the purpose of this report, counties not fully lying within the boundary of a MPO were considered rural. This means that if any portion of a county is not included in a MPO area, then the entire county is considered a STIP county. Additionally, in this report, non-STIP counties, with the exception of the newly designated Bartow County MPO, do not have projects listed in the STIP. Figure 2: Georgia Counties STIP Rural Study Area Map illustrates the counties included in the rural STIP area. Counties shaded in green are STIP counties. And counties shaded in gray are under the authority of a MPO and are not included in this report.
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Figure 2: Georgia Counties STIP Rural Study Area Map
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Minority, Hispanic, low-income, elderly, and limited English proficiency (LEP) populations were analyzed in the rural STIP area; definitions of these variables are included below.
Minority: All persons other than White and Hispanic. Hispanic: All persons of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other
Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. Low-income: Households with total income being at or below the poverty line. This number also
reflects the number of individuals living off of the reported income amount. Elderly: Individuals 65 years of age or greater. Limited English Proficiency (LEP): Individuals greater than 5 years of age speaking Spanish or
Spanish Creole in the home and speaking English "not well." Peoples speaking Asian and Endo European languages were also taken into consideration; however, numbers of peoples speaking these languages were so low that targeting these populations based on language alone did not yield valuable information.
Using the Hispanic definition above ensures that individuals identifying themselves as White and Hispanic are not counted multiple times during analysis. This definition also allows for Hispanic populations to be analyzed separately from other minority populations (e.g. the comparison of tracts with populations exceeding the STIP-wide EJ threshold for both LEP and Hispanic communities.) In addition, LEP data was analyzed to determine locations of above STIP-wide average concentrations of individuals "not speaking English well;" these data were used to determine meeting locations where a Spanish interpreter and/or outreach materials translated into Spanish would be appropriate.
Upon selecting these variables for study, minority, Hispanic and elderly population data for each of the 690 2010 Census tracts in the 130 counties in the STIP study area were collected from the U.S. Census American Fact Finder website (http://factfinder2.census.gov). Furthermore, LEP and poverty population data was collected from the American Community Survey (ACS) website (http://www.census.gov/).
Data from the 2010 Census included the following (collected at the census tract level): total population, total Hispanic population, minority population (including African American, American Indian, Asian, Hawaiian, and Other) and total population age 65 and above. Total population greater than 5 years of age speaking Spanish/Spanish Creole and English "not well" (LEP) and low-income was taken from the ACS 2008-2012 estimate data. Each variable was calculated as a percentage of the total population of each census tract. The percentages of each variable for every census tract included within the STIP study area were then averaged to yield the average percent for each EJ variable across the entire STIP study area. This percentage was used as the threshold above which a census tract level population was considered an "EJ population." Where a census tract's percentage on a variable met or exceeded the expected STIP-wide percentage, the census tract was identified as an EJ community. In other words, these tracts had a larger-than-average percentage of minority, Hispanic, low-income, LEP or elderly residents. Throughout this report, the terms "EJ community" or "EJ population" refer to a group that is above the STIP-wide threshold. See Table 1 for the EJ thresholds based on STIP-wide population characteristics.
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Table 1: Environmental Justice Thresholds

Minority

STIP Wide Percentages

29.07%

Source: US Census Bureau

Hispanic 5.0%

Low-income 20.9%

Elderly (65+) 13.8%

LEP 2.12%

Additionally, the STIP area census tracts with values higher than the calculated threshold were stratified into classes between I and IV (Class I being the values closest to the threshold and Class IV being the highest values). The Classes were calculated using the "equal number of features" classification algorithm (i.e. the total number of census tracts with populations exceeding the EJ threshold for any one variable was totaled; this total was divided by 4 and class breaks were placed as equal as possible within the data). Relative equidistance between classes is present due to data characteristics and was minimized as much as possible (e.g. class breaks were not placed between data containing the same values or between data that varied by only a tenth of a percent.) See Table 2 for the class breaks for each class of each variable, and the number of tracts falling in each class of each variable.

Table 2: Environmental Justice Class Breaks

Variable Minority*

Census Tracts
300

Class I
29.07%-35.89% (75 tracts)

Class II
35.90%-44.84% (75 tracts)

Hispanic*

210

Low-income** 321

Elderly*

319

5.0%-6.0% (54 tracts) 20.9%-24.4% (81 tracts) 13.8%-14.9% (79 tracts)

6.1%-8.0% (52 tracts) 24.5%-27.4% (82 tracts) 15.0%-16.1% (77 tracts)

LEP**

209

2.12%-2.94% (52 tracts)

2.95%-4.14% (53 tracts)

*American Fact Finder 2010 US Census ** American Community Survey 2008-2012 estimates

Class III
44.85%-57.34% (75 tracts) 8.1%-12.5% (52 tracts)
27.5%-32.8% (79 tracts)
16.2%-18.1% (83 tracts)
4.15%-6.64% (52 tracts)

Class IV
57.35%-96.45% (75 tracts)
12.6%-34.7% (52 tracts)
32.9%-90.3% (79 tracts)
18.2%-40.7% (80 tracts)
6.65%-34.04% (52 tracts)

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4.0 STIP Area Results
The following STIP Area Maps present the overall results for each variable (Minority, Hispanic, Low- income, Elderly and LEP) calculated for the study area to generate both the State and District Maps. District Maps can be found in Section 5. As mentioned previously, the STIP area census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold were stratified into classes between I and IV (Class I being the values closest to the threshold and Class IV being the highest values). The locations of census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold are indicated and the intensity of population (Class I to IV) is illustrated.
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Figure 3: STIP Area Minority EJ Population
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Figure 4: STIP Area Hispanic EJ Population
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Figure 5: STIP Area Low-income EJ Population
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Figure 6: STIP Area Elderly EJ Population
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Figure 7: STIP Area LEP EJ Population
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5.0 STIP District Area Maps
This section presents the results of the EJ analysis at the District level. As mentioned previously, the STIP area census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold were stratified into classes between I and IV (Class I being the values closest to the threshold and Class IV being the highest values). The locations of census tracts with values higher than the calculated STIP-wide threshold are indicated and the intensity of population (Class I to IV) is illustrated.
5.1 District 1
District 1 is located in northeastern Georgia and consists of 21 counties. It begins directly northeast of the Atlanta metro area and stretches to the North Carolina and South Carolina borders. The study area consists of 17 counties, and thus does not include the 4 counties in District 1 that are under the authority of the MPOs. Using 2010 Census data, District 1 contains 114 census tracts of which 9 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 46 are over the Hispanic EJ threshold, and 58 are over the Elderly EJ threshold. Using ACS 2008-2012 estimate data, 45 are over the LEP EJ threshold and 32 are over the low-income EJ threshold. Figure 8, below, is a map of the counties located in District 1.
Figure 8: District 1
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5.1.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 9 is a map of the Minority EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 8 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows no Class IV tracts, 3 Class III tracts, 3 Class II tracts, and 3 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 9.
Figure 9: District 1 Minority EJ Population
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5.1.2 Hispanic EJ Population
Figure 10 is a map of the Hispanic EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 41 percent of the tracts have a Hispanic population above the Hispanic EJ threshold. The analysis shows 3 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Habersham and Rabun. The analysis also shows 19 Class III tracts, 13 Class II tracts and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 10.
Figure 10: District 1 Hispanic EJ Population
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5.1.3 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 11 is a map of the Low-income EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 29 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 1 Class IV tracts located in Walton County. The analysis also shows 5 Class III tracts, 17 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 11.
Figure 11: District 1 Low-income EJ Population
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5.1.4 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 12 is a map of the Elderly EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 51 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 27 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Elbert, Franklin, Habersham, Hart, Jackson, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union and White. The analysis also shows 8 Class III tracts, 10 Class II tracts, and 13 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 12.
Figure 12: District 1 Elderly EJ Population
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5.1.5 LEP EJ Population
Figure 13 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 1. Within District 1, 40 percent of the tracts have an LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Barrow, Elbert, Habersham, and Walton. The analysis also shows 11 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 13.
Figure 13: District 1 LEP EJ Population
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5.2 District 2
District 2 consists of 27 counties to the southeast of the Atlanta metro area, stretching to the South Carolina border. One county in District 2 is under the purview of a metropolitan planning organization and therefore not included in the rural STIP study area, leaving 26 counties in this assessment. Using 2010 Census data, District 2 contains 136 census tracts of which 83 are over the minority EJ threshold, 25 are over the Hispanic EJ threshold, and 69 are over the Elderly EJ threshold. Using ACS 2008-2012 estimate data, 60 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 26 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 14, below, is a map of the counties located in District 2.
Figure 14: District 2
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5.2.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 15 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 61 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 26 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baldwin, Burke, Greene, Hancock, Jefferson, Laurens, McDuffie, Newton, Putnam, Taliaferro, Warren, Washington and Wilkes. The analysis also shows 20 Class III tracts, 17 Class II tracts, and 21 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 15.
Figure 15: District 2 Minority EJ Population
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5.2.2 Hispanic EJ Population
Figure 16 is a map of the Hispanic EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 19 percent of the tracts have a Hispanic population above the Hispanic EJ threshold. The analysis shows 2 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Columbia and Putnam. The analysis also shows 4 Class III tracts, 6 Class II tracts, and 13 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 16.
Figure 16: District 2 Hispanic EJ Population
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5.2.3 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 17 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 45 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 16 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baldwin, Burke, Emmanuel, Greene, Hancock, Jefferson, and Laurens. The analysis also shows 19 Class III tracts, 14 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 17.
Figure 17: District 2 Low-income EJ Population
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5.2.4 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 18 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 51 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 16 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baldwin, Columbia, Greene, Hancock, Laurens, Putnam, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes, and Wilkinson. The analysis also shows 19 Class III tracts, 17 Class II tracts, and 17 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 18.
Figure 18: District 2 Elderly EJ Population
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5.2.5 LEP EJ Population
Figure 19 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 2. Within District 2, 20 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 4 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Columbia, Emmanuel, Jasper, and Putnam. The analysis also shows 4 Class III tracts, 10 Class II tracts, and 8 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 19.
Figure 19: District 2 LEP EJ Population
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5.3 District 3
District 3 consists of 31 counties and is located to the southwest of the Atlanta metro area. Seven counties in District 3 are under the purview of a metropolitan planning organization and therefore not included in the rural STIP study area, leaving 24 in this assessment. Using 2010 Census data, District 3 contains 109 census tracts of which 68 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 19 are over the Hispanic EJ threshold, and 48 are over the Elderly EJ threshold. Using ACS 2008-2012 estimate data, 53 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 23 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 20, below, is a map of the counties located in District 3.
Figure 20: District 3
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5.3.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 21 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 63 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 20 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Macon, Marion, Peach, Spalding, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, and Troup. The analysis also shows 20 Class III tracts, 17 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 21.
Figure 21: District 3 Minority EJ Population
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5.3.2 Hispanic EJ Population
Figure 22 is a map of the Hispanic EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 18 percent of the tracts have a Hispanic population above the Hispanic EJ threshold. The analysis shows 3 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Peach and Stewart. The analysis also shows 3 Class III tracts, 6 Class II tracts, and 7 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 22.
Figure 22: District 3 Hispanic EJ Population
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5.3.3 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 23 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 49 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 12 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Dooly, Peach, Spalding, Sumter, Taylor, Troup, and Upson. The analysis also shows 16 Class III tracts, 11 Class II tracts, and 14 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 23.
Figure 23: District 3 Low-income EJ Population
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5.3.4 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 24 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 44 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 7 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Harris, Meriwether, Stewart, Sumter, Troup, and Upson. The analysis also shows 15 Class III tracts, 13 Class II tracts, and 13 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 24.
Figure 24: District 3 Elderly EJ Population
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5.3.5 LEP EJ Population
Figure 25 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 3. Within District 3, 22 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows three Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Peach, Spalding, and Stewart. The analysis also shows 9 Class III tracts, 6 Class II tracts, and 5 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 25.
Figure 25: District 3 LEP EJ Population
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5.4 District 4
District 4 consists of 31 counties and is located in the southwestern corner of Georgia. Two counties in District 4 are under the purview of a metropolitan planning organization and therefore not included in the rural STIP study area, leaving 28 counties in this assessment. Using 2010 Census data, District 4 contains 131 census tracts of which 81 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 47 are over the Hispanic EJ threshold and 71 are over the Elderly EJ threshold. Using ACS 2008-2012 estimates, 92 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 47 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 26, below, is a map of the counties located in District 4.
Figure 26: District 4
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5.4.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 27 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 62 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 25 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Brooks, Calhoun, Clay, Colquitt, Crisp, Decatur, Early, Grady, Mitchell, Randolph, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Tift, and Turner. The analysis also shows 23 Class III tracts, 13 Class II tracts, and 20 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 27.
Figure 27: District 4 Minority EJ Population
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5.4.2 Hispanic EJ Population
Figure 28 is a map of the Hispanic EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 36 percent of the tracts have a Hispanic population above the Hispanic EJ threshold. The analysis shows 19 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Atkinson, Coffee, Colquitt, Decatur, Echols, Grady, and Tift. The analysis also shows 9 Class III tracts, 12 Class II tracts, and 7 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 28.
Figure 28: District 4 Hispanic EJ Population
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5.4.3 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 29 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 71 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 34 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Atkinson, Baker, Ben Hill, Berrien, Calhoun, Clay, Coffee, Colquitt, Crisp, Decatur, Early, Echols, Grady, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Tift, and Wilcox. The analysis also shows 20 Class III tracts, 17 Class II tracts, and 21 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 29.
Figure 29: District 4 Low-income EJ Population
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5.4.4 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 30 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 55 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 14 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Baker, Clay, Crisp, Decatur, Early, Grady, Miller, Quitman, Randolph, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, and Wilcox. The analysis also shows 23 Class III tracts, 17 Class II tracts, and 17 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 30.
Figure 30: District 4 Elderly EJ Population
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5.4.5 LEP EJ Population
Figure 31 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 4. Within District 4, 36 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 13 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Atkinson, Colquitt, Echols, Grady, and Tift. The analysis also shows 12 Class III tracts, 11 Class II tracts, and 11 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 31.
Figure 31: District 4 LEP EJ Population
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5.5 District 5
District 5 consists of 26 counties and is located in the southeastern portion of Georgia. Three counties in District 5 are under the purview of a metropolitan planning organization and therefore not included in the rural STIP study area, leaving 23 in this assessment. Using 2010 Census data, District 5 contains 115 census tracts of which 49 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 42 are over the Hispanic EJ threshold and 35 are over the Elderly EJ threshold. Using ACS 2008-2012 estimate data, 57 tracts are above the low- income EJ threshold and 39 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 32, below, is a map of the counties located in District 5.
Figure 32: District 5
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5.5.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 33 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 43 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows 3 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Bulloch and Ware. The analysis also shows 9 Class III tracts, 23 Class II tracts, and 14 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 33.
Figure 33: District 5 Minority EJ Population
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5.5.2 Hispanic EJ Population
Figure 34 is a map of the Hispanic EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 37 percent of the tracts have a Hispanic population above the Hispanic EJ threshold. The analysis shows 12 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Appling, Candler, Evans, Jeff Davis, Long, Pierce, Tattnall, Telfair, Toombs, and Wayne. The analysis also shows 12 Class III tracts, 8 Class II tracts, and 10 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 34.
Figure 34: District 5 Hispanic EJ Population
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5.5.3 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 35 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 50 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 12 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Bulloch, Effingham, Tattnall, Telfair, Toombs, and Ware. The analysis also shows 12 Class III tracts, 17 Class II tracts, and 16 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 35.
Figure 35: District 5 Low-income EJ Population
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5.5.4 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 36 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 31 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 5 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Appling, McIntosh, Telfair, and Ware. The analysis also shows 9Class III tracts, 12 Class II tracts, and 9 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 36.
Figure 36: District 5 Elderly EJ Population
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5.5.5 LEP EJ Population
Figure 37 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 5. Within District 5, 34 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 9 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Candler, Clinch, Evans, Long, Pierce, Tattnall, Telfair, and Toombs. The analysis also shows 10 Class III tracts, 8 Class II tracts, and 12 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 37.
Figure 37: District 5 LEP EJ Population
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5.6 District 6
District 6 is composed of 17 counties located in the northwest corner of Georgia. Six counties in District 6 are under the purview of a metropolitan planning organization and therefore not included in the rural STIP study area, leaving 11 in this assessment. Using 2010 Census data, District 6 contains 85 census tracts of which 9 are over the Minority EJ threshold, 31 are over the Hispanic EJ threshold, and 38 are over the Elderly EJ threshold. Using ACS 2008-2012 estimate data, 27 tracts are above the low-income EJ threshold and 29 tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Figure 38, below, is a map of the counties located in District 6.
Figure 38: District 6
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5.6.1 Minority EJ Population
Figure 39 is a map of the minority EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 11 percent of the tracts have a minority population above the minority EJ threshold. The analysis shows only 1 Class IV tract located Carroll County. The analysis also shows there are no Class III tracts, 2 Class II tracts, and 6 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 39.
Figure 39: District 6 Minority EJ Population
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5.6.2 Hispanic EJ Population
Figure 40 is a map of the Hispanic EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 37 percent of the tracts have a Hispanic population above the Hispanic EJ threshold. The analysis shows 13 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Carroll, Gilmer, Gordon, Murray, and Polk. The analysis also shows 5 Class III tracts, 7 Class II tracts, and 6 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 40.
Figure 40: District 6 Hispanic EJ Population
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5.6.3 Low-income EJ Population
Figure 41 is a map of the low-income EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 32 percent of the tracts have a low-income population above the low-income EJ threshold. The analysis shows 4 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Carroll, Polk and Walker. The analysis also shows 7 Class III tracts, 6 Class II tracts, and 10 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 41.
Figure 41: District 6 Low-income EJ Population
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5.6.4 Elderly EJ Population
Figure 42 is a map of the elderly EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 45 percent of the tracts have an elderly population above the elderly EJ threshold. The analysis shows 11 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Carroll, Fannin, Gilmer, Pickens, and Walker. The analysis also shows 9 Class III tracts, 8 Class II tracts, and 10 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 42.
Figure 42: District 6 Elderly EJ Population
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5.6.5 LEP EJ Population
Figure 43 is a map of the LEP EJ population located in District 6. Within District 6, 35 percent of the tracts have a LEP population above the LEP EJ threshold. The analysis shows 14 Class IV tracts located in the following counties: Carroll, Chattooga, Gilmer, Gordon, Murray and Polk. The analysis also shows 6 Class III tracts, 4 Class II tracts, and 5 Class I tracts. Tract locations can be found in Figure 43.
Figure 43: District 6 LEP EJ Population
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6.0 Focus and Findings
Figure 44 provides a summary of the percent of census tracts within each District with EJ populations above the STIP threshold for each category (minority, Hispanic, low-income, elderly, and LEP). This gives a visual comparison of the EJ populations in each District.
Figure 44: EJ Summary Chart

District

EJ Population Summary

6

5

LEP

4

Elderly

3

Low-income

Hispanic

2

Minority

1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Percent

6.1 Minority Findings
Minority populations are greatest in Districts 2, 3, and 4, where greater than 60 percent of the census tracts are above the minority EJ threshold. Districts 1 and 6 have the lowest percentage of census tracts above the minority EJ threshold.
6.2 Hispanic Findings
Hispanic populations are greatest in District 1 where more than 40 percent of the census tracts in the region are above the Hispanic EJ threshold. Districts 2 and 3 have the lowest percentage of census tracts above the Hispanic EJ threshold.
6.3 Low-income Findings
The percentage of low-income populations is greatest in District 4 where greater than 70 percent of the census tracts in the region are above the low-income EJ threshold. Districts 1 and 6 have the lowest percentage of tracts above the low-income EJ threshold.
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6.4 Elderly Findings
The percentage of elderly populations is greatest in Districts 1, 2 and 4 where greater than 50 percent of the census tracts are above the elderly EJ threshold. District 5 has the lowest percentage of census tracts above the elderly EJ threshold.
6.5 LEP Findings
LEP populations are greatest in District 1 where 40 percent of the census tracts are above the LEP EJ threshold. Districts 1, 4, 5, and 6 are greater than 30 percent, but less than 40 percent. These higher concentrations of non-English speaking residents demonstrate the need for Spanish language public involvement and outreach strategies within these regions. Districts 2 and 3 have the lowest percentage of census tracts exceeding the LEP EJ threshold. Spanish language public involvement and outreach is not as critical in this part of the STIP study area; however, it may still be necessary.
7.0 Public Outreach Strategy
The STIP public involvement strategy includes a range of techniques that meet the needs of each District and allow for flexibility if the needs of the target audiences, or proposed project changes. Below is an outline of project deliverables for the subject area.
(a). Stakeholder Database - An essential component of the public involvement strategy is the development of a comprehensive stakeholder database of individuals, communities, businesses, faith- based organizations, environmental groups, and other interested parties as identified through the stakeholder involvement process or as interest is shown in the studies. The database will be used to disseminate information about the study area. The list, used to facilitate invitation of stakeholders to meetings, was built upon the existing GDOT Family of Partners database, lists from previous studies completed in the STIP study area, and other sources. The database will be updated throughout this STIP cycle as new stakeholders are identified.
(b). Media Coordination - Draft press releases will be developed for finalization and will be approved by the GDOT Project Manager. A proactive approach to these efforts will provide accurate, up-to-date information to the public and help to minimize misconceptions or misinformation. Information will be disseminated using press releases, paid radio advertisements, social media, and GDOT web site announcements.
(c). Study Website Materials - Study website materials from each public information open house meeting, including meeting announcements, will be made available to GDOT for posting to the Department`s website. The website address will be displayed on all study public informational materials.
(d). Public Meetings - All facility logistics will be coordinated through the GDOT District Planning & Programming Engineers. The number of meetings will be determined based on consultation and coordination with each District. Districts are encouraged to dovetail meetings where one meeting location is able to serve the stakeholders in two adjacent Districts. To ensure EJ populations are equitably served by the meetings, every attempt should be made to ensure that meeting venues are
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ADA compliant, easily accessible by public transportation, and located near the areas identified as EJ communities. In addition, every attempt should be made to secure meeting venues that are non- threatening, welcoming, and familiar locations. Schools, public places such as malls and welcome centers, religious institutions, and recreation centers are all viable options for meeting locations.
(e). Meeting Handouts & Materials - Meeting notifications will be distributed to the study`s stakeholder database before each public meeting. The types of meeting materials that will be developed include flyers, handouts, graphics, and maps that illustrate the location of proposed STIP projects. These collateral materials and maps are essential to provide straightforward information to the public. Considering the existence of concentrations of Spanish-speaking citizens in certain districts, relevant materials will be translated into Spanish on an as-needed basis to ensure successful outreach efforts to those populations. Additionally, flyers will be prepared and mailed to different locations, to be posted throughout the STIP area, to advertise each public meeting. Potential locations include libraries, social and civic buildings, and other major activity centers.
(f). Public Comment & Collection - Meeting attendees will have the opportunity to provide input on displays and information made available to them at each public meeting location. Comment forms will be made available for completion on site or to be returned to GDOT via the STIP website. Comment forms will also serve as meeting evaluation surveys, as attendees will be encouraged to provide feedback on the quality of each public involvement activity and the community outreach strategies employed.
(g). Annual Public Involvement Report - At the conclusion of the STIP cycle, a comprehensive report based on all public outreach will be prepared. The report will synthesize all process documentation completed throughout the preparation and implementation of the meetings.
The public outreach techniques will be further refined so that the EJ populations and their geographic concentrations dictate how the outreach techniques will be targeted for each district. Customized outreach strategies for each GDOT district are outlined below in Tables 3 through 8. In addition to recognizing counties within the STIP study area with census tracts having a greater percentage of minority, Hispanic, low-income, elderly and LEP populations than the identified EJ thresholds, cities and towns located within Class IV target areas have been identified. The cities and towns contain concentrated amounts of EJ populations and should be considered when determining public meeting locations and as priority target areas for distribution of outreach materials.
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Table 3: District 1

EJ Category Geographic Area (County: City/Town)

Minority Hispanic
Low-Income
Elderly
Limited English Proficiency

Barrow Elbert Hart
Banks Barrow Dawson Elbert Franklin Habersham: Baldwin,
Cornelia, Demorest,
Mount Airy Barrow Elbert Franklin Habersham Hart Jackson Lumpkin Barrow Dawson Elbert: Elberton Franklin: Canon,
Franklin Springs &
Royston Habersham:
Clarkesville & Tallulah
Falls Hart: Hartwell Jackson: Commerce Lumpkin
Banks Barrow: Bethlehem,
Russell & Winder Dawson Elbert Franklin Habersham: Alto,
Baldwin, Corneila &
Raoul Hart

Stephens Walton * No Class IV target areas. Hart Jackson Lumpkin Madison Oconee Rabun: Clayton Walton
Madison Rabun Stephens Walton: Monroe White
Madison Rabun: Clayton, Dillard,
Mountain City, Sky Valley, Tallulah Falls & Tiger Stephens: Toccoa Towns: Hiawassee, Tate City & Young Harris Union: Blairsville Walton White: Cleveland, Helen, Sautee Nacoochee & Yonah Jackson Lumpkin Madison Oconee Rabun Towns Union Walton: Loganville

Outreach Targets Recreation Centers Neighborhood Assoc. Churches Recreation Centers Churches Latin American
Associations
Recreation Centers Neighborhood
Associations Churches
Recreation Centers Senior Centers Civic Clubs
Churches Social Services Schools Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers (Malls)

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Table 4: District 2

EJ Category Minority Hispanic

Geographic Areas

Baldwin: Hardwick & Lincoln

Milledgeville Bleckley

McDuffie: Thomson Morgan

Burke: Midville, Vidette, Newton: Covington &

& Waynesboro

Porterdale

Columbia Dodge

Putnam: Eatonton Taliaferro: Crawfordville

Emanuel

& Sharon

Greene: Greensboro & Treutlen

Siloam Hancock: Sparta Jasper

Warren: Camak,
Norwood, & Warrenton Washington: Oconee,

Jefferson: Bartow, Louisville, & Wadley

Sandersville, & Tennille Wilkes: Washington

Jenkins Johnson

Wilkinson

Laurens: Dublin

Burke

Jefferson

Columbia: Grovetown Dodge

Morgan Newton

Emmanuel

Oglethorpe

Greene Jasper

Putnam: Eatonton Wilkes

Low-Income

Baldwin: Hardwick &
Milledgeville Bleckley Burke: Waynesboro Dodge Emmanuel: Nunez, Oak
Park & Swainsboro Glascock Greene: Greensboro &
Union Point Hancock: Sparta Jasper Jefferson: Bartow,
Louisville & Wadley

Jenkins Johnson Laurens: Dublin Lincoln McDuffie Newton Oglethorpe Putnam Taliaferro Treutlen Warren Washington Wilkes Wilkinson

Outreach Targets Recreation Centers Social Services Interest Groups (NAACP,
United Way, Urban League) Neighborhood Associations Churches Major Activity Centers (Malls)
Recreation Centers Churches Latin American Associations Social Services Interest Groups (NAACP,
United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers (Malls) Recreation Centers Neighborhood Associations Churches Social Services Interest Groups (NAACP,
United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers (Malls)

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EJ Category
Elderly
Limited English Proficiency

Geographic Areas

Baldwin: Milledgeville Bleckley

Lincoln McDuffie

Burke Columbia: Evans &

Morgan Newton

Martinez Dodge

Oglethorpe Putnam: Crooked Creek

Emanuel Glascock

Taliaferro: Crawfordville & Sharon

Greene: Greensboro, Union Point & White

Treutlen Warren: Warrenton

Plains

Washington

Hancock Jefferson

Wilkes: Tignall & Washington

Jenkins
Johnson
Laurens: Dublin

Wilkinson: Allentown & Toomsboro

Burke Columbia: Grovetown

Laurens Morgan

Dodge

Newton

Emmanuel: Nunez, Oak Oglethorpe

Park & Swainsboro
Greene
Jasper: Shady Dale
Jenkins

Putnam
Wilkes

Outreach Targets Recreation Centers Senior Centers Civic Clubs Social Services
Churches Social Services Schools Interest Groups (NAACP,
United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers (Malls)

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EJ Category Minority
Hispanic

Table 5: District 3

Geographic Areas

Butts

Pulaski

Crawford

Schley

Dooly

Spalding: Experiment &

Harris

Griffin

Jones

Stewart: Lumpkin &

Lamar

Richland

Macon: Marshallville,

Sumter: Americus

Montezuma, &

Talbot: Talbotton

Oglethorpe

Taylor

Marion: Buena Vista

Troup: LaGrange

Meriwether

Twiggs

Monroe

Upson

Peach: Fort Valley

Webster

Dooly
Macon Marion
Peach: Fort Valley
Spalding
Stewart: Lumpkin
Sumter Troup

Low-Income

Crawford Dooly: Byromville,
Dooling & Lilly Heard Jones Lamar Macon Marion Monroe Peach: Fort Valley Pike Pulaski

Schley Spalding: Griffin Stewart Sumter: Americus Talbot Taylor: Butler & Howard Troup: LaGrange Twiggs Upson: Thomaston Webster

Outreach Targets Recreation
Centers Social Services Interest Groups
(NAACP, United
Way, Urban
League) Neighborhood
Associations Churches Major Activity
Centers (Malls) University (Ft.
Valley State) Recreation
Centers Churches Latin American
Associations Social Services Interest Groups
(NAACP, United
Way, Urban
League) Major Activity
Centers (Malls) Recreation
Centers Neighborhood
Associations Churches Social Services Interest Groups
(NAACP, United
Way, Urban
League) Major Activity
Centers (Malls)

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EJ Category
Elderly
Limited English Proficiency

Geographic Areas

Butts

Pulaski

Crawford

Schley

Dooly

Spalding

Harris: Pine Mountain

Stewart: Richland

Jones

Sumter: Plains

Lamar

Talbot

Macon

Taylor

Marion

Troup: LaGrange

Meriwether:

Twiggs

Manchester, Warm

Upson: Lincoln Park &

Springs

Thomaston

Monroe

Webster

Peach

Dooly

Troup

Macon

Upson

Marion

Peach: Fort Valley

Pulaski

Spalding: Griffin

Stewart: Lumpkin

Sumter

Outreach Targets Recreation
Centers Senior Centers Social Services Churches Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers (Malls)
Churches Social Services Schools Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers (Malls)

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EJ Category Minority Hispanic

Table 6: District 4

Geographic Areas

Atkinson

Irwin

Baker Ben Hill

Lanier Lee

Brooks: Quitman Calhoun: Arlington,

Miller Mitchell: Camilla

Edison, Leary, & Morgan

Quitman Randolf: Coleman &

Clay: Bluffton & Fort
Gaines Coffee

Cuthbert Seminole:
Donalsonville

Colquitt: Moultrie Cook

Terrell: Dawson Thomas: Thomasville

Crisp Decatur: Attapulgus

Tift: Phillipsburg, Tifton & Unionville

Early: Blakely & Damascus

Turner: Ashburn Wilcox

Grady

Worth

Atkinson: Pearson &

Cook

Willacoochee

Decatur

Ben Hill Berrien

Echols: Statenville Grady

Brooks Coffee: Douglas

Lanier Mitchell

Colquitt: Berlin, Ellenton, Funston,

Thomas Tift: Omega,

Moultrie & Norman

Phillipsburg & Tifton

Park

Outreach Targets Recreation Centers Social Services Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way, Urban League) Neighborhood Associations Churches Universities (Albany State, Valdosta State)
Recreation Centers Churches Latin American
Associations Social Services Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers (Malls)

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EJ Category
Low- Income
Elderly
Limited English Proficiency

Geographic Areas

Atkinson: Pearson &

Irwin

Willacoochee Baker: Newton

Lanier Lee

Ben Hill: Fitzgerald Berrien: Enigma Brooks

Miller Mitchell Quitman

Calhoun: Arlington,

Randolph

Edison, Leary & Morgan Seminole:

Clay: Bluffton & Fort Gaines

Donalsonville Terrell: Dawson

Coffee Colquitt: Moultrie

Thomas: Meigs & Thomasville

Cook Crisp: Cordele

Tift: Omega & Unionville

Decatur: Attapulgus Early: Blakely

Turner Wilcox: Pitts & Seville

Echols: Statenville Grady

Worth

Baker

Irwin

Ben Hill Berrien

Miller: Boykin & Colquitt

Brooks Calhoun

Mitchell Quitman: Georgetown

Clay: Bluffton Coffee

Randolph Seminole: Iron City

Colquitt Cook Crisp

Terrell: Bronwood &
Parrot Thomas

Decatur Early: Cedar Springs &

Tift Turner

Jakin Grady: Whigham

Wilcox: Pineview Worth

Atkinson: Pearson Ben Hill

Crisp Decatur

Berrien Brooks

Echols: Statenville Grady: Cairo

Calhoun Coffee Colquitt: Berlin,

Mitchell Thomas Tift: Omega &

Ellenton, Funston & Moultrie

Phillipsburg Turner

Cook

Wilcox

Outreach Targets Recreation Centers Churches Social Services Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers (Malls)
Recreation Centers Senior Centers Social Services Churches Major Activity Centers
(Malls)
Churches Social Services, Schools Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers (Malls)

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EJ Category Minority Hispanic
Low-Income Elderly

Table 7: District 5

Geographic Areas

Appling

Long

Bryan

McIntosh

Bulloch

Montgomery

Camden

Screven

Candler

Tattnall

Charlton

Telfair

Clinch

Toombs

Effingham

Ware

Evans

Wayne

Jeff Davis

Wheeler

Appling: Baxley

Montgomery

Bacon

Pierce

Bryan

Tattnall

Bulloch

Telfair: Helena,

Camden

McRae, &

Candler: Pulaski

Scotland

Evans

Toombs: Lyons

Jeff Davis: Hazlehurst &

& Santa Claus

Saltilla

Ware

Long

Wayne: Jesup

Appling

Montgomery

Bacon

Pierce

Brantley

Screven

Bryan

Tattnall:

Bulloch: Statesboro

Manassas

Camden

Telfair:

Candler

Manassas &

Clinch

Reidsville

Effingham: Guyton

Toombs: Lyons

Evans

Ware: Waycross

Jeff Davis

Wayne

Long

Wheeler

Appling: Surrency

Pierce

Bacon

Screven

Camden

Tattnall

Candler

Telfair: Milan

Charlton

Toombs

Evans

Ware:

Jeff Davis

Deenwood &

McIntosh

Sunnyside

Montgomery

Wayne

Wheeler

Outreach Targets Recreation Centers Social Services Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way, Urban League) Neighborhood Associations Churches Major Activity Centers (Malls) Recreation Centers Churches Latin American Associations Social Services Interest Groups (NAACP, United Way, Urban League)
Recreation Centers Churches Social Services Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way, Urban League)
Recreation Centers Senior Centers Social Services Churches Social Services

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EJ Category
Limited English Proficiency

Geographic Areas

Appling

Pierce

Bacon

Tattnall:

Bulloch

Glennville

Camden

Telfair: Helena,

Candler: Pulaski

McRae &

Charlton

Scotland

Clinch: Du Pont & Fargo

Toombs: Lyons

Evans

& Santa Claus

Jeff Davis

Ware

Long

Wayne

Montgomery

Outreach Targets Churches Social Services Schools Interest Groups
(NAACP, United Way,
Urban League) Major Activity Centers
(Malls)

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EJ Category Minority
Hispanic Low-Income
Elderly
Limited English Proficiency

Table 8: District 6

Geographic Areas
Carroll Chattooga Polk

Carroll: Carrollton
Chattooga Gilmer: East
Ellijay & Ellijay Gordon:
Calhoun Carroll Chattooga Dade Fannin
Carroll Chattooga Dade Fannin: Blue
Ridge, Epworth, McCaysville, Mineral Bluff, & Morganton Carroll: Carrollton Chattooga: Trion Fannin Gilmer: Ellijay & East Ellijay

Murray: Chatsworth & Eton
Pickens Polk: Cedartown
Gilmer Gordon Haralson Murray Polk Walker: Rossville Gilmer: Cherry Log,
Ellijay & East Ellijay Haralson Murray Pickens Polk Walker: Rossville
Gordon: Calhoun Murray:
Chatsworth Pickens Polk: Cedartown

Outreach Targets Recreation Centers Social Services Interest Groups (NAACP,
United Way, Urban League) Neighborhood Associations Churches Major Activity Centers
(Malls) Recreation Centers Churches Latin American Associations Social Services Interest Groups (NAACP,
United Way, Urban League)
Recreation Centers Churches Social Services Interest Groups (NAACP,
United Way, Urban League)
Recreation Centers Senior Centers Social Services Churches
Churches Social Services Schools Interest Groups (NAACP,
United Way, Urban League) Major Activity Centers
(Malls)

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8.0 Sources of Information 8.1 Reports and Studies
"Community Impact Assessment: A Quick Reference for Transportation" (FHWA, 9/96) "Community Impact Mitigation Case Studies" (FHWA, 5/98) "Environmental Policy Statement" (FHWA, 1994) "EPA Environmental Justice Strategy: Executive Order 12898" (EPA, 1995) "EPA Environmental Justice: Guidance Under the National Environmental Policy Act (Council of
Environmental Quality, 12/97)
8.2 Internet Sites
American Community Survey, http://www.census.gov/ 2010 U.S. Census Bureau (American Fact Finder), http://factfinder2.census.gov Clark Atlanta University Environmental Justice Resource Center, www.ejrc.cau.edu Federal Highway Administration, www.fhwa.dot.gov Federal Transit Administration, www.fta.dot.gov Environmental Protection Agency, www. epa.gov Georgia Department of Transportation, www.dot.state.ga.us Surface Transportation Policy Project, www.transact.org United States Department of Transportation, www.dot.gov
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