Reflections- Georgia African American Historic Preservation Network, Vol. 5, no. 3 (Nov. 2005)

Volume V, No. 3 November 2005
A Program of the Historic Preservation Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources
continued on page 2
FROM GEORGIA STATE INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE FOR COLORED YOUTH
TO SAVANNAH STATE UNIVERSITY: THE RESTORATION OF HILL HALL
Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth (presently
Savannah State University) traces its origin to the First
Morrill Land Grant Act passed by the U.S. Congress in
1862. At that time, Georgia was embroiled in the Civil War, most
African Americans were still enslaved, and the benefits of these
land grant funds were consequently not implemented until
Reconstruction. The original legislation set aside 30,000 acres of
federal land in each state, and proceeds from sales of these lands
were earmarked to create a college to teach agriculture and
mechanical arts. In April 1872 the state established this college at
the University of Georgia, but it was for white students only. African
American citizens protested that no funds were allocated for their
education until 1874, when the State of Georgia began annual
appropriations totaling $8,000 to Atlanta University to equitably
provide similar funds for African American agriculture/mechanical
arts students.
This arrangement
between the state and Atlanta
University continued until 1887,
when legislators learned that
the children of white faculty
were attending classes with
African American students.
White legislators justified
withholding the appropriation
on the premise that the
university violated segregation
laws mandating separation of
the races in education.
In 1890, the Second
Morrill Land Grant Act provided
$50,000 appropriations to each
state annually, but mandated
that land grant funds must be
equitably distributed to both
white and African American agricultural colleges. Georgia risked
losing all federal funds, and the legislature acted swiftly in November
1890 to establish the Georgia State Industrial College for Colored
Youth. Immediately after the legislation passed, African American
leaders in cities across Georgia advocated for the school to be
located in their town.
In Savannah, African Americans held a series of meetings
in the basement of First African Baptist Church to organize their
initiative. A committee was formed to locate suitable land and donors
for the college that was led by the pastor, Reverend Emanuel K.
Love. Their efforts were successful, as George Parsons donated
ten acres, and Sara B. Postell donated 66.1 acres near Thunderbolt
to the trustees of the University of Georgia for the college.
The first president of the Georgia State Industrial College
for Colored Youth was Richard R. Wright, Sr. In 1996, Charles J.
Elmore, currently professor of
Humanities at Savannah State
University, wrote a monograph
about Wright. In Richard R.
Wright, Sr. at GSIC, 1891-
1921, Elmore said, “Out of the
controversy in the state over
the distribution of land grant
funds and the aftermath of the
Atlanta University controversy
evolved a college that was
headed during its formative
years by an extraordinary man
of rare vision and concern for
the welfare of his people.”
Wright was one of the first
African Americans to become
president of a historically black
college or university (HBCU)
in the 19th century.
Hill Hall is the oldest building on the campus of Savannah State University.
The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on April
23, 1981. This photo was taken in 2004, when the exterior restoration
was completed. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
2
continued from page 1
FROM GEORGIA STATE INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE FOR COLORED YOUTH
TO SAVANNAH STATE UNIVERSITY: THE RESTORATION OF HILL HALL
Richard R. Wright, Sr.
President, 1891-1921
Georgia State Industrial College
for Colored Youth
Photo courtesy of
Savannah State University
Richard R. Wright, Sr. was born enslaved near Dalton in
1855. His family settled in Cuthbert, and in December 1866 his mother
walked to Atlanta to enroll him in the Storrs School established by
the American Missionary
Association. Wright was one
of the first 400 students
enrolled at the school. Once,
while on a visit to the Storrs
School, the Freedmen’s
Bureau administrator General
Oliver O. Howard asked the
students what message they
would like to convey to their
northern friends. Wright
immediately held up his hand
and responded, “Tell them we
are rising.”
Wright spent seven
years in the high school and
college programs at Atlanta
University, and was one of the
graduates of the first college
class of 1876. He was the
valedictorian of his class, and
received his baccalaureate
degree in the Classics. In 1879,
Wright received his master’s degree from Atlanta University.
Wright’s classmates at Atlanta University included Henry O. Flipper,
the first African American graduate of West Point, William H.
Crogman, a future president of Clark College, and Lucy Craft Laney,
founder of the Haines Normal and Industrial Institute in Augusta.
After graduation, Wright was principal of the Howard
Normal School in Cuthbert. He remained in Cuthbert for four years,
and married Lydia Howard Wright. While at Howard Normal, Wright
organized the Georgia State Teacher’s Association, and was the
first president. He organized the state’s first black farmer institute
and by 1878, he held the first county fair for African Americans.
Wright was a delegate to three national Republican
Conventions, and became acquainted with William J. White, who
was then one of Augusta’s leading ministers and editor of the
Georgia Baptist. White recruited Wright to organize Augusta’s
first African American high school, and he became principal of
Ware High School in 1880. Ware was named after the president of
Atlanta University, Edmund Asa Ware, and it was the first African
American public high school funded by city appropriations in
Georgia. While principal at Ware, Wright owned the Augusta
Sentinel, one of the most widely circulated African American
newspapers in that era. During that time, he asked Reverend
Emanuel K. Love of Savannah’s First African Baptist Church to
serve as editor of the Augusta Sentinel.
Wright remained at Ware until he was appointed president
of the Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth in 1891.
He would lead the college for the next 30 years until 1921.
Richard R. Wright, Sr. envisioned a college that would
combine his classical college training that he received at Atlanta
University with the mission of industrial and agricultural training
that was prominent at Tuskegee and Hampton Institute. He sought
a blend of these approaches in developing his plan to divide a
typical student day into balancing both literary and manual courses
of study. At first, the college curriculum did not require agriculture
and/or mechanical arts, as these courses were offered in the normal
(teacher training) and sub-normal curricula. All students were
required to work on the farm, buildings or grounds, before or after
school hours to offset their expenses, as there were no scholarships
during the early years. The college graduated its first normal class
in 1895, and the first college degree was conferred to Richard R.
Wright, Jr., the president’s son, in 1898.
President Wright put his prior agricultural experience to
work at the college by organizing “Farmers Conferences” beginning
in 1893. George Washington Carver of Tuskegee Institute spoke at
the 1903 and 1904 conferences, and by 1906 the Farmers Conference
drew 192 participants. These Farmers Conferences were one of the
programs that President Wright used to fulfill the land grant mission
of the college. The conferences provided forums and bulletins for
African American farmers to receive the latest information on farming
methods and health.
Mechanical arts were first introduced at the college in
1892, with woodworking and mechanical drawing as the key elements
of the program. Blacksmithing, masonry and iron were added to the
three-year manual training program, and by 1895 students received
proficiency certificates in the trades.
Trade instructors Lewis B. Thompson, T. Lee, and Joseph
H. Hines supervised students who built Hill Hall in 1900. The
building was completed in 1901 and was used initially as the boys’
dormitory. It was named in honor of Walter B. Hill, who was
Chancellor of the University of Georgia from 1899-1905. Hill Hall
was remodeled in the late 1930s during the presidency of Benjamin
F. Hubert, Georgia State Industrial College’s third president.
Supervised by Antonio Orsot, director of Trades and Industries,
students added inside plumbing and electricity. The state financed
only $3,377 of the $43,377 required to renovate the building, and
Clyde W. Hall, who was acting president of the college from 1978-1980,
included this 1903 Farmers Conference group photo in his book, One
Hundred Years of Educating at Savannah State College: 1890-1990.
3
the remainder was provided through federal funds from the Works
Progress Administration and Public Works Administration that was
established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Hill Hall is the oldest building on Savannah State
University’s campus. Throughout its history, the building served a
variety of functions on the campus. U.S. President William Howard
Taft visited Hill Hall in 1912. During World War I, Hill Hall was a
training site for 200 soldiers who participated in the Army Training
School for Mechanics.
During the early 1990s, Hill Hall began to deteriorate, and
Savannah State University implemented a restoration program to
preserve the building. In 1992, Hill Hall was selected as one of 11
buildings on HBCU campuses to receive restoration funding from
the Black College Initiative of the U.S. Department of the Interior.
This program was managed by the National Park Service (NPS) and
the United Negro College Fund. In 1996, NPS released the funds,
and Savannah State University closed the building and began
fundraising initiatives for the match.
In 1999, the first Hill Hall Gala raised $75,000 for the
restoration. The 2000 Hill Hall Gala raised funds for academic
scholarships and the marching band program. In 2006, Savannah
State University will sponsor the eighth Hill Hall Gala, and continues
to dedicate proceeds to academic scholarships.
Carlton E. Brown,
the 11th president of Savannah
State University, said he never
forgot receiving the phone call
that Hill Hall was burning. As
he stood watching the 40
firefighters battle the blaze, the
building was in the second
phase of a three-phase
renovation. He vowed to
complete this project.
Brown envisions Hill
Hall as the core element of an
enrollment management center.
The building is large enough
to accommodate all enrollment
processes. These functions
would include admissions, the
registrar, counseling and
financial aid. President
Brown plans a museum on
the third floor with artifacts
and a past presidents’ hall.
This part of the building
would be used for alumni
receptions as well.
In spite of many
changes in administration,
student body, and the name
of the college over the years,
Hill Hall continues to be the
one constant, a grand symbol
of achievement for future
generations.
Carlton E. Brown began his
presidency of Savannah State
University on July 1, 1997. He is a
native of Macon,Georgia. Dr. Brown
is leading the preservation of Hill Hall.
Photo courtesy of
Savannah State University
Hill Hall was completed in 1901 by students who were supervised by by
trade instructors. The building materials consisted of masonry, wood and
metal, and the students received proficiency certificates in the mechanical
arts program that was offered at the college. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
The main hallway on the interior first
floor will lead students to enrollment
services. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
In 2001, the Georgia Historical Society and the Savannah State University
National Alumni Association erected this marker in front of the entrance to
Hill Hall. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Exterior repairs including a new roof, windows and doors were completed
when a fire struck the building in May 2000.
Photo courtesy of Savannah State University
4
EMBRACED BY THE COMMUNITY: A STORY OF TWO GEORGIA ROSENWALD SCHOOLS
Tiffany Tolbert, African American Programs Assistant
Historic Preservation Division
The search for Georgia’s Rosenwald Schools has been very
productive during 2005. Information provided from various
sources has helped to confirm four schools that are still standing,
bringing the number of identified Rosenwald Schools in Georgia to
40. The Southwest Georgia Regional Development Center assisted
Jeanne Cyriaque, African American Programs Coordinator, in
locating the Smithville Rosenwald School in Lee County. While
The town of Manchester is located in Meriwether County
approximately eight miles from Warm Springs, Georgia. In 1928,
the Meriwether County Training School appeared in the Georgia
Department of Education Annual Report. It was built with the aid
of the Julius Rosenwald Fund in order to provide better education
for African Americans in Manchester. This five-classroom school
was the largest Rosenwald School constructed in the county until
1936, when the Eleanor Roosevelt School was built in Warm Springs
and hailed as “The Last Rosenwald School.”
This photo of the Manchester Rosenwald School appeared in the 1928
Georgia Department of Education Annual Report.
visiting the Mt. Moriah
African American cemetery
with GAAHPN Steering
Committee member Donald
Beall, Cyriaque met Addie
Jones Flowers, who took them
to the Omaha School that she
attended in Stewart County.
The third school was located
with the aid of a teacher in
Meriwether County. Cyriaque
sent her a historic photo of the
Meriwether County Training
School, and she informed her
that it was still standing. The
fourth school was identified
while researching historic
buildings on the campus of
Savannah State University. It
was identified as Powell Hall.
Smithville and the Meriwether County Training School
(Manchester) are two surviving brick and wood Rosenwald Schools
in Georgia. These school buildings are important because, unlike
many others, when they closed as schools they were not demolished
by neglect. These school buildings were used for other purposes
and their continued existence is important to their local communities.
After its construction, Manchester served as a shining
example of acceptable school buildings for African American
children. Its construction pleased not only the local residents in
Manchester, but Franklin D. Roosevelt, who saw the school during
one of his frequent trips to Georgia. In Builders of Goodwill, S.L.
Smith discussed a meeting with Roosevelt, then governor of New
York, and his admiration of the Manchester Rosenwald School. He
quotes Roosevelt as saying, “When I was at Warm Springs in 1927-
28, I was out riding with two members of our local school board. As
we passed a very attractive school a few miles from Warm Springs
I remarked that it was a very beautiful building.” The chairman of
the board said, “That’s a Rosenwald Negro School.” The other
member said, “It puts our Warm Springs white school to shame.”
Powell Hall was built on the campus of Savannah State University in 1932
as a three-classroom school for faculty children. The building is presently
used for academic offices. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Addie Jones Flowers and her siblings
attended the Omaha Rosenwald School.
Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
The Omaha Rosenwald School in Stewart County is the first school identified
in the inventory that was converted to a residence. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
5
continued on page 6
The town of Smithville is located in Lee County in southwest
Georgia. In 1928 this small rural town was the site of a fourclassroom Rosenwald School. This school evolved from a school
started by A.R. Robinson in 1903. Robinson’s concern over the
illiteracy of African American children in Smithville led him to start
a school in an abandoned house. When the children began to
excel, the local school board decided to build a three-room
schoolhouse to be used by Robinson and the children. The school
remained successful until its was destroyed by fire. The classes
were divided and students were relocated to local churches and a
Masonic Hall.
In 1928, with the aid of the Julius Rosenwald Fund, a new
Smithville school was constructed containing four classrooms, a
library, an auditorium and storage rooms. The curriculum of
Smithville began in the first grade and went through the eighth. In
subsequent years the school added an associate student program,
focusing on teaching adults Mathematics and English.
Mrs. Willie Mae Davis, a life-long resident of Smithville,
attended the school during the 1940s. Mrs. Davis remembers
walking to school whether it was hot or cold as well as bringing her
own lunch. When it was cold the students were required to cut
wood for the stove in order to heat the building. While the construction
of Smithville was a major milestone for African American education,
Mrs. Davis still remembers the visible signs of segregation, including
used textbooks handed down from the white school.
When viewing Manchester’s exterior it is easy to see why
Roosevelt was impressed. While its construction follows the
standard plan for a five-classroom Rosenwald School, Manchester
displays ornamentation not common to wood and brick Rosenwald
Schools built during this era. This ornamentation includes a fanlight
above its arched entrance, quoins on its front façade corners, a
circular window in its front gable and a small cupola on the roof.
Though the cupola was removed, other features remain as defining
elements of the Manchester school.
After it was constructed, Manchester soon became a
county training school, and enrollment soared. To accommodate
this growth, the school constructed a separate annex located
adjacent to the original brick building. While the exact date of this
second building is not known, it appeared on a 1940 Sanborn Fire
Insurance map, and was built sometime during the 1930s.
Both of these buildings are excellent examples of a positive
adaptive use for historic buildings. The wooden building still
remains in its original location and houses a daycare center for
children as well as an Even Start program for adults in the evening.
The brick Manchester Rosenwald School is owned by the City of
Manchester. For the past 20 years the building has served as
classrooms for a Head Start program and is managed by Community
Action for Improvement (CAFI). Since both buildings are actively
used, they are not in danger of abandonment, new development or
encroachment. Their continued importance as historic resources
in the city is further insured by the Mayor and City Council of
Manchester, who unanimously support the nomination of this
school to the National Register of Historic Places.
The Manchester Rosenwald School still maintains defining architectural
features in 2005. The building is currently used for community services
and youth programs. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Sanborn Fire Insurance maps revealed an unusual pattern on the Manchester
campus, as the brick building was identified first while the wooden building
was denoted later. Like the brick building, the wooden building is adaptively
used for community services. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Willie Mae Davis is a graduate of the Smithville Rosenwald School. She
provided historical documents, oral history and led the research team
to a former principal. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
6
WE NEED YOUR INPUT FOR THE
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN
EMBRACED BY THE COMMUNITY: A STORY OF TWO GEORGIA ROSENWALD SCHOOLS
Tiffany Tolbert, continued from page 5
This historic photo of the Smithville Rosenwald School appeared in
Smithville, Georgia ... A Glimpse Into the Past.
Photo courtesy of Willie Mae Davis
The Historic Preservation Division (HPD) of the Department of
Natural Resources is Georgia’s State Historic Preservation
Office. HPD has currently begun the process of updating the state
historic preservation plan. The plan establishes the priorities and
policies to guide HPD’s preservation efforts for the next five years.
As part of the planning process, HPD held two public forums to
solicit input to help set goals and priorities and to develop a plan
that will be effective and useful to the Division, the preservation
community and stakeholders who use the Division’s services. The
forums provided information about HPD’s programs and services
and the historic preservation planning process. The forums were
held in Athens and Tifton in October, and provided one aspect of
public input on various preservation issues.
Karen Anderson-Cordova, Unit Manager, Planning & Local Assistance
Historic Preservation Division
Like many African American sharecropper families, Mrs.
Davis attended school only when she was not needed for work.
Regardless of these challenging circumstances, Mrs. Davis
completed school at Smithville by finishing the eighth grade. Mrs.
Davis realizes the importance that Smithville had on her education
as well as the lasting impact it had on her life. It’s this appreciation
that caused Mrs. Davis to be concerned about the building’s
maintenance as well as its preservation.
Reverend Lee Jerome Jones was principal of Smithville
from 1945-1946. After graduating from the seminary in Atlanta he
was ordained in 1942. Rev. Jones then moved to Smithville where
he lived for three years. While in Smithville he not only taught at
the school but also was the pastor at New Hope A.M.E Church.
There were three teachers who taught at Smithville during
this time, including Clennon King, who would later succeed him as
principal. While Rev. Jones
only taught the sixth and
seventh grade, his curriculum
covered all subjects. Rev.
Jones remembers the fluctuation
in enrollment due to the
economics of Smithville. He
said “Smithville was a farming
community … when it rained
we had a house loaded.” In the two grades that he taught there
were normally 30-45 children, but this number decreased when it
was time for crops to be planted and harvested. Rev. Jones
remembers Smithville as a flourishing community with a majority
African American population. He states that the goal of Smithville
was to prepare its students for life.
When his time at Smithville ended, his experience with
Rosenwald Schools did not. Rev. Jones moved to Sumter County
where he was principal of Shady Grove for four years and Shipp
Industrial Rosenwald School for two years. His wife, Tammy,
attended Quitman Rosenwald School in Brooks County. A few
years later Rev. Jones ended
his teaching career and
became a full-time pastor. He
has lived in Atlanta for the past
40 years and was pastor at
numerous churches including
Big Bethel A.M.E Church in
Atlanta and Antioch A.M.E
Church in Decatur. When
reflecting back on his time at
Smithville, Rev. Jones simply states “Enjoyed it. It was a learning
experience for me.”
In 1955, all African American schools in Lee County were
consolidated into one large school called the Lee Country Training
School. The Smithville Rosenwald School stood vacant for a few
years before it was converted to apartments. The school once
again stands vacant, while the City of Smithville works to purchase
the property. Mayor Jerry Myrick is excited about acquiring the
building and hopes that it can be used as a new space for the city
library or possibly a daycare center.
The Smithville Rosenwald School is an example of an intact four-classroom
wooden building. When the school closed in 1955, it was converted to
apartments. This photo was taken in 2005. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Reverend Lee Jerome Jones
Mrs. Tammy Roney Jones
7
Karl Webster Barnes
Atlanta, 404/758-4891
C. Donald Beall
Columbus, 706/569-4344
Corinne Blencoe
LaGrange, 706/884-8950
Linda Wilkes
Atlanta, 678/686-6243
Thomas Williams
Kennesaw, 678/445-5124
Isaac Johnson
Augusta, Chair
706/738-1901
Beth Shorthouse
Atlanta, Vice-Chair
404/253-1488
Jeanne Mills
Atlanta, Secretary/Treasurer
404/753-6265
GAAHPN STEERING COMMITTEE
Jeanne Cyriaque
African American
Programs Coordinator
Reflections Editor
Voice 404/656-4768
Fax 404/657-1040
jeanne_cyriaque@dnr.state.ga.us
STAFF
Isaac Johnson
Chairman
Tiffany Tolbert
African American
Programs Assistant
Voice 404/657-1054
Fax 404/657-1040
tiffany_tolbert@dnr.state.ga.us
Another aspect of stakeholder input is to respond to the
planning survey. This survey was mailed to HPD contacts without
email and is availabe on the HPD website for internet users. We
encourage you to respond to the survey or access it online at
www.gashpo.org. We will accept survey responses until the end of
November For more information contact Karen Anderson-Cordova
at 404-651-6461.
UNITED WE STAND... 218 YEARS LATER
SPRINGFIELD BAPTIST CHURCH
I
n August 2005, Springfield Baptist Church celebrated its 218th
anniversary. Reverend Jesse Peters organized this historic
Augusta Baptist congregation in 1787. Worship services were
held for many years under a brush arbor until the free black
community who resided in the village of Springfield purchased a
circa 1801 wooden church from the white St. John Methodist
congregation. The white Methodists outgrew this building that
resembled a New England style house of worship. In 1844, it was
moved by wagons to the community, and became Springfield Baptist
Church. As the congregation grew, Springfield Baptist Church built
a brick building in 1897, and turned the St. John building to face
Reynolds Street. A walkway connects both buildings today.
Springfield Baptist Church continues to preserve both
church buildings while the Springfield Village Park Foundation
constructed an adjacent
park to commemorate
the African American
village that once existed
on the banks of the
Savannah River in
downtown Augusta.
Reverend Dr.
Emmett T. Martin has
been the pastor of
Springfield Baptist
Church since 1971. He
appointed Deacon
Isaac Johnson as the
chairman of the 218th
anniversary committee.
One of his challenges in planning the celebration was to find a guest
minister to provide a message for the Springfield congregation.
Johnson, who is the chairman of the Georgia African American
Historic Preservation Network, had recently met Reverend Dr. Isaac
Mullins, the pastor of Thomasville’s First Missionary Baptist
Church. During the state preservation conference, the First
Missionary Baptist congregation invited Johnson to meet with the
deacons and the women’s auxiliary who are developing a
preservation plan for the First Missionary Baptist Church parsonage.
Reverend Mullins agreed to speak at Springfield’s anniversary,
and when he announced his plan to the congregation, everyone
wanted to see Springfield’s preservation initiatives.
The 1801 St. John wooden building was
listed in the National Register of Historic
Places on June 17, 1982. The 1897 brick
building was listed in the National Register
of Historic Places on July 5, 1990.
Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Two busloads
of Reverend Mullins’
congregation attended
services at Springfield.
All ministers and the First
Missionary Baptist Church
Mass Choir participated in
the celebration. William
H. Mays III, Augusta’s
interim mayor, presided at
the services, and Earlice
Taylor of Memphis was
the guest soloist.
A marquee and the Tower of Aspiration,
designed by Richard Hunt, are important
elements in Springfield Village Park.
Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
The Georgia African American Historic Preservation Network (GAAHPN)
was established in January 1989. It is composed of representatives from
neighborhood organizations and preservation groups. GAAHPN was formed
in response to a growing interest in preserving the cultural and ethnic diversity of
Georgia’s African American heritage. This interest has translated into a number of
efforts which emphasize greater recognition of African American culture and
contributions to Georgia’s history. The GAAHPN Steering Committee meets regularly
to plan and implement ways to develop programs that will foster heritage education,
neighborhood revitalization, and support community and economic development.
The Network is an informal group of over 2,075 people who have an interest in
preservation. Members are briefed on the status of current and planned projects and are
encouraged to offer ideas, comments and suggestions. The meetings provide an
opportunity to share and learn from the preservation experience of others and to receive
technical information through workshops. Members receive a newsletter, Reflections,
produced by the Network. Visit the Historic Preservation Division website at
www.gashpo.org. Preservation information and previous issues of Reflections are
available online. Membership in the Network is free and open to all.
ABOUT GAAHPN
This publication has been financed in part with federal
funds from the National Park Service, Department of the
Interior, through the Historic Preservation Division,
Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The contents
and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or
policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the
mention of trade names, commercial products or
consultants constitute endorsement or recommendation
by the Department of the Interior or the Georgia
Department of Natural Resources. The Department
of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis
of race, color, national origin, or disability in its
federally assisted programs. If you believe you have
been discriminated against in any program, activity, or
facility, or if you desire more information, write to: Office
for Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C
Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240.
Published quarterly by the
Historic Preservation Division
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
W. Ray Luce, Division Director &
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
Jeanne Cyriaque, Editor
A Program of the
Historic Preservation Division
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
34 Peachtree Street, NW
Suite 1600
Atlanta, GA 30303-2316