Reflections- Georgia African American Historic Preservation Network, Vol. 11, no. 4 (Dec. 2013)

Volume XI, No. 4 December 2013
Jeanne Cyriaque, African American Programs Coordinator
Historic Preservation Division
continued on page 2
FARMING IN SOUTHWEST GEORGIA SINCE 1883:
THE KENTAVIA WILLIAMS FARM
The Kentavia Williams farm is an African American Centennial Farm
located near Thomasville. It is the eleventh African-American farm to
receive recognition for continuous farming in the same family for 100
years or more. Photo by Charlie Miller
Centennial Family Farm awards were presented to 26 families
at the Georgia National Fairgrounds and Agricenter in
October 2013. These families whose farms exist in 25 Georgia
counties have maintained their farms for at least 100 years to qualify
for this recognition. Since the program began in 1993, over 450
farms across Georgia have received the prestigious awards.
Celebrating the program’s 20th year, Gary W. Black, Commissioner
of the Georgia Department of Agriculture and Homer Bryson, Deputy
Commissioner of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources,
presented each farm with certificates recognizing their achievement
that were signed by Governor Nathan Deal. The Kentavia Williams
Farm of Thomasville was among this year’s awardees, and became
the eleventh African American farm to receive this honor since the
program began.
The Williams Family Farm began when Charles Cockrell
purchased 245 acres of land in November 1883. He started the
family legacy in farming that his descendants have continued for
130 years. Cockrell was born in
Virginia around 1840, and started
a family farm growing cotton,
corn, sugar cane and potatoes.
While he was separated from his
wife, Cockrell raised two
daughters, Ada and Clara. Both
daughters married and started
their own families.
Cockrell died in 1892
when he was struck by a train
near Boston, Georgia. The
Daily Times Enterprise reported
in his obituary that he was a
member of “the colored masonic
lodge” in Thomasville, and he
“was honored with one of the
largest attended colored
funeral ever seen in that
section.” His two daughters
were his only children, and
inherited his estate and 245
acres of land that was divided
equally among them.
Cows graze in abundant pastures on
the Kentavia Williams Farm.
Photo by Charlie Miller
Clara Cockrell, who
married Crawford (Cossie)
Williams, had three children.
When she died in 1907, her
sister Ada Cockrell and her
husband Howell Anthony took them in along with their seven
children and cared for them until they were married. Kenneth
Williams, one of Clara’s sons, married Octavia Wilson in 1914, and
this couple continued the family legacy with ten children. Kenneth
also continued the family farm, and purchased the 122.5 acres from
his aunt Ada’s estate in 1950.
He also purchased land from
his sisters and, by 1962,
owned the family farm with the
245 acres his grandfather
Cockrell had purchased in 1883.
Kenneth Williams
continued farming with a
variety of crops. He planted
corn, peanuts, cotton, potatoes,
cabbage, watermelon, tobacco,
soybeans and fruit trees.
Additionally, he raised hogs,
cows and chickens. Kenneth
Williams sold the milk produced
by his cows to the dairy in
Thomasville.
2
Jeanne Cyriaque, continued from page 1
FARMING IN SOUTHWEST GEORGIA SINCE 1883:
THE KENTAVIA WILLIAMS FARM
When Kenneth Williams died in 1967, he was buried in the
Summerhill Cemetery in Boston with his grandfather, Charles
Cockrell. His descendants, who had grown up farming, decided to
continue his legacy by incorporating the family farm. The Kentavia
Williams Farm was named by combining the letters of their
ancestors’ first names, Kenneth and Octavia.
Feeding the cows is a daily chore on the Kentavia Williams Farm.
Photo by Charlie Miller
Kenneth Williams’ descendants continued this Centennial
Family Farm by producing these major crops: cotton, peanuts, corn
and soybeans. The farm also has pecan trees today. They no
longer have as many chickens,
but 20-30 cows are abundant,
grazing in the pastures on the
farm today. Other crops they
no longer grow are sweet
potatoes and sugar cane. As
Kenneth’s male children,
Carlie, Walter, and Carey have
aged, Walter’s grandson
Bryan Williams manages farm
operations today. About 50
percent of the farm’s 245
acres are currently devoted
to farming.
Bryan Williams manages the farm.
Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
The original farm house that was built in 1916 still remains
today, but with important modern amenities like air conditioning
and indoor bathrooms. Most of the historic outbuildings on the
farm are gone, but the old tobacco barn still exists, though they
stopped producing tobacco. The Williams family has lots of
descendants today, so they built an enclosed pavilion with a large
kitchen and seating area for family reunions, which are always held
at the old homestead.
Belle Williams lives on the family farm with her brothers.
She attended Douglass High School in Thomasville. When she
heard about the Centennial Family Farm Awards by reading about
it in the Thomasville Times- Enterprise, she immediately recognized
that “our farm is well over 100 years old” and she went to work on
the application for this year’s awards. Belle also is a major family
advocate, and she made certain that at least 30 descendants attended
the award ceremony, ensuring the Kentavia Williams Family Farm
will continue to be a major agricultural producer in Thomas County
for years to come.
Descendants of Kenneth and Octavia Williams celebrate their
Centennial Family Farm Award. Photo by Charlie Miller
The Georgia Centennial Farm Program is administered
through a partnership including the Historic Preservation Division.
For more information on the program, visit our website
georgiacentennialfarms.org. The chair is Charlie Miller at
charlie.miller@dnr.state.ga.us or 404-651-5287. The application
deadline is May 1st each year.
Rows of corn can be seen during harvest time on the
Kentavia Williams Farm. Photo by Charlie Miller
The tobacco barn still stands and is repurposed today.
Photo by Charlie Miller
3
JACK HADLEY RECEIVES CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS
VETERANS BRAINTRUST AWARD
Jeanne Cyriaque, African American Programs Coordinator
Historic Preservation Division
J
ames “Jack” Hadley, a native of Thomasville, was honored by
the Congressional Black Caucus with a Veterans Braintrust Award
at a special ceremony in Washington, DC on September 20th. This
award program recognizes veterans who provide exemplary
services in their communities. The Braintrust is co-chaired by
U.S. Representatives Sanford Bishop (Georgia) and Corrine
Brown (Florida).
Jack Hadley served 28 years in the United States Air Force.
When he retired from military service in 1984, he returned to
Thomasville. Jack worked for the United States Postal Service as a
letter carrier until 1997, when he retired again. Hadley always had a
passion for black history, and began collecting artifacts while he
was stationed in Wiesbaden, Germany. He credits his son Jim as
the stimulus for his collection because while Jim was attending the
Department of Defense high school, he told his dad that the school
had no interest in Black History Week. Hadley viewed that as a
challenge, and he helped Jim on his first black history collection
that was assembled from issues of Ebony, Essence and Jet
magazines. Hadley’s collection continued to grow and his exhibits
were regularly displayed at the various bases where he was stationed
during his military career.
By the time Hadley returned to Thomasville, his collection
became the impetus for his quest to establish the Jack Hadley Black
History Museum. He developed a Black Heritage Trail Tour Guide
of 68 sites in Thomasville, and began Step On, Step Off tours for
family reunions and special events, like the tour he conducted during
the 2005 state preservation conference. He co-authored with
historian Titus Brown African American Life on the Southern
Hunting Plantation based upon his family and other employees
who worked at Pebble Hill or other hunting plantations and the
Thomas County Museum of History hosted the exhibit. Hadley’s
collection also includes exhibits on Lieutenant Henry Ossian Flipper,
the first African American to graduate from West Point, and other
military heroes.
The Jack Hadley Black History Museum received a grant
from the Institute of Museum and Library Services to catalogue its
collection of 4,500 artifacts. Additionally, staff and board members
have participated in museum conferences and professional
development workshops and an internship program was
established with Florida A&M University to train the next
generation of museum curators.
As Jack Hadley’s collection grew he did not have to look
far for the future home of the Jack Hadley Black History Museum
that opened in 2006. The museum is located in a renovated, brick
building on the campus of the Frederick Douglass High School that
he attended. The Douglass High School Alumni Association
presently owns the complex in the Dewey City Historic District,
The Jack Hadley Black History Museum (left) lies adjacent to one
of the buildings on the Douglass High School complex. Douglass
was one of Georgia’s equalization schools.
The Jack Hadley Black History Museum opened in 2006. Its
collection adds an important resource to the Thomasville community.
and the museum’s collections are now curated in a 5,617 sq. ft.
building that is a regular stop for area schools, scholars and tourists.
The museum is open from 10-5, Tuesday through Saturday. Visit
www.jackhadleyblackhistorymuseum.com for more information.
Jack Hadley is a past recipient of the Governor’s Awards in the
Humanities in Georgia, and the museum was featured in the
Thomasville Scene magazine.
From left to right following the Veterans Braintrust Award ceremony,
U.S. Representative Corrine Brown (Florida) James “Jack”
Hadley, Christine J. Hadley, Jackie Hadley Artybridge, Cathy Hadley
Wilson and Eugene Wilson celebrate his award.
4
AUGUSTA’S 2013 THIS PLACE MATTERS: BELAIR HILLS ESTATES
Danielle Ross, African American Programs Assistant
Historic Preservation Division
I
n a collaboration between Historic Augusta, the Lucy Craft Laney
Museum of Black History, and the Belair Hills Estates
Neighborhood Association, the 2013 “This Place Matters:
Preserving Augusta’s African American Communities” event
featured Belair Hills Estates. “This Place Matters: Preserving African
American Communities” was established three years ago as an
annual event to promote the preservation of African-American
neighborhoods and increase awareness, while finding solutions
to preservation issues. The featured site, Belair Hills Estates, is
located west of I-520 just outside of downtown Augusta. The
event was held on Friday, June 28 and Saturday, June 29, 2013. The
kickoff took place at Christian City of Praise, just east of the locally
recognized district, with a presentation by Alex Thomas. He serves
as a Vice-Chair of the National Trust for Historic Preservation Board
of Advisors. As a native of Natchez, Mississippi and former director
of the Mississippi Blues Heritage Trail, Thomas outlined how oral
history along with the preservation of place should be documented
for our future generations. Thomas presented several stories on
this process of gathering and listening to the oral histories of
blues singers across the state of Mississippi and how it further
motivated him to take action in protecting this legacy.
From left to right: Marion Griffin (resident), Rev. Kenneth Gainous,
Jeanne Cyriaque, Alex Thomas, Christine Miller-Betts (Lucy Craft Laney
Museum of Black History), Erick Montgomery and Robyn Anderson
(Historic Augusta) at the kickoff event at Christian City of Praise.
Photo courtesy of Historic Augusta
On Saturday attendees participated in a ramble of homes,
many of which are historic ranch homes. Many ranch homes across
the state of Georgia have reached the 50-year threshold for possible
listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Common
characteristics of the ranch-style home are a long footprint, singlestory silhouette, carports, and screened porches. Between 1940
and 1960, over 175,000 ranch homes were built in the state of
Georgia alone. There are a great number of architectural subtypes
within the broad category of the ranch-style, and Belair Hills Estates
has several of the subtypes present in the community. One such
house was the home of Leo and Lois Jackson, built in 1965. The
Jackson home is a linear ranch subtype, with slight projections and
recessed elements. A carport extends to one end of the house while
a sunroom to the rear of the house served as a later addition. The
exterior of the home is brick with vertical wood board accents. The
home is still set in a linear form with an addition for extra space built
to the rear of the house. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Jackson was the
sixth home to be built in the community.
Leo and Lois Jackson greet the ramble participants in front of their ranchstyle home. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Other homes seen while on the ramble in the community
were split-level homes, also built in the mid-20th-century. Along with
the ranch, this house type was very popular from 1950-1960. The
split-level home is known for its staggered half-floor levels and
effective construction in lowering what could be seen as a bulky
two-story section. One common characteristic of the split-level was
the contrasting exterior materials. Both brick and siding were used
to contrast each other on both the single-story and two-story
portions of the house. The home of Marion and Miriam Griffin is a
great example of a split-level home with brick and siding on the
exterior. The home was built in Belair Hills in 1963 with an addition
on the rear and an attached garage.
In 1958, the land on which Belair Hills Estates currently sits
was owned by two white developers, H.O Padrick and Murray
Lazarus. These developers offered lots for sale to African-American
citizens, and Martrice M. Scott was one of the first to purchase a
parcel. Scott ultimately assisted the developers with marketing and
selling lots to other potential buyers. At that time, segregation was
widespread and there were few places for African Americans to buy
land or property in the city. In the midst of their development, Padrick
and Lazarus decided to withdraw and remove themselves from the
ownership of the property due to changes in their development
plans. Seeing this situation as an opportunity to acquire land and
make it available to African Americans, Martrice Scott formed
5
Belair Hills Estates also features split-level homes, like the home of Marion
and Miriam Griffin. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Pioneers, Inc. and acquired the Belair Hills Estates property. Pioneers
consisted of his wife, Mrs. Mamie E. Scott, Mr. Futhey Babcock,
Mrs. Lola Gabriel, Mrs. Margaret Pickett, and Dr. William Graham.
Upon acquisition, many of the lots were under contract,
with some buyers defaulting and other buyers were slow on their
payments. In an effort to facilitate the purchase of property,
Pioneers, Inc. worked out a contract where Padrick and Lazarus
would be paid a financial lump sum, with the rest being paid in
monthly installments. The process was as follows: buyers paid the
Pioneers, who then paid Padrick and Lazarus, who then made a
certain number of lots available. Along with managing payments
and working to release lots, all of the Pioneers purchased ten
lots each.
THE ROLE OF PILGRIM HEALTH AND
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Ultimately, Pioneers, Inc. was able to pay off Padrick and
Lazarus and take over the finances for the development. With the
newly found responsibility of managing the development, Pioneers
soon encountered financial challenges. Many buyers paid
infrequently or fell behind. Despite the financial struggle, Pioneers
did not foreclose and they paid the taxes for non-deeded and unsold
lots. They also worked on getting paved roads, lights, and water
for the development. The first home built by Pioneers, Inc. was the
home of Mrs. Evelyn Screen on Flagler Road. Three more homes
built around the same time belonging to Mr. & Mrs. James Powell,
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Calhoun, and Mr. and Mrs. James Hills were
financed by Pilgrim Health and Life Insurance Company. While
Martrice M. Scott passed away in 1981, his community continued
to flourish into what it is today.
Pilgrim Health and Life became an integral part of the Belair
Hills Estates from its inception. Martrice M. Scott, head of Pioneers
and founder of Belair Hills, Inc. served as Associate Agency Director
and Board Chairman of Pilgrim Health and Life Insurance Company.
This company served as one of the most successful black
businesses started in Augusta.
Pilgrim was founded in 1898 by Solomon Walker, Thomas
Walker, Walter Hornsby, James Collier, and Rev. Thomas Jefferson
Hornsby. The basis for the creation of such a company was to
provide insurance services to African Americans, from an AfricanAmerican owned company. During this time many African Americans
gave money to benevolent societies through their churches. The
societies provided aid during an illness and paid for decent burials.
During the first few years of running the company they experienced
considerable growth until 1905, when the State of Georgia required
all informal benevolent societies to pay an upfront fee of $5,000 to
protect policy holders. As a result, Pilgrim merged with smaller
benevolent societies to ultimately pay the fee and incorporate under
the title of Pilgrim Health and Life Insurance Company of Augusta.
This photo of Martrice .M. Scott is from the archives
of the Lucy Craft Laney Museum of Black History.
continued on page 6
Employees of Pilgrim Health and Life Insurance Company pose outside of
the Augusta home office in 1970. Photo courtesy of the Lucy Craft Laney
Museum of Black History
6
Danielle Ross, continued from page 5
AUGUSTA’S 2013 THIS PLACE MATTERS:
BELAIR HILLS ESTATES
Pilgrim Health and Life Insurance Company is a contributing resource in
the Laney-Walker North Historic District, listed in the National Register of
Historic Places on September 5, 1985.
Photo courtesy of New Georgia Encyclopedia
Over the next 18 years Pilgrim continued to grow and
expand their offices and services. The company designed policies
for working-class citizens that were issued in small amounts. There
were branches of the company that operated in Macon, Savannah,
and Atlanta. Between 1923 and 1951, Pilgrim was issuing policies in
Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina, and received a license to
operate in Florida.
As a result, in segregated Augusta, young African
American men had a place where they could find a white collar job.
For women, Pilgrim served as a place where there was opportunity
to work as secretaries within the company’s office operations. By
1948, over 700 black Augustans were employed by the insurance
company, many of whom lived in Belair Hills Estates. One such
gentleman, Leo Jackson, described to visitors of the “This Place
Matters: Belair Hills Estates Ramble” his experiences working for
the company and having a stable job at the luncheon in Scott Park.
During the 1950s and 1960s, civil rights and desegregation
began to take its toll on the insurance company and Pilgrim began
to lose market share. Desegregation led to more white-owned
businesses offering their services and variety of products to AfricanAmerican consumers. After failing to create a surplus with their
funds, Pilgrim was declared “Financially Impaired” in 1989. This
declaration led to the acquisition of Pilgrim by Atlanta Life Insurance
Company in that same year.
Two of the many buildings that Pilgrim Health and Life
Insurance Company owned and operated still stand on LaneyWalker Boulevard down the street from Tabernacle Baptist Church
today: the Pilgrim Health and Life Headquarters and the Civic Room.
For more information on Belair Hills Estates please see History of
Belair Hills Estates by Joan Scott Ruff. The Historic Preservation
Division (HPD) maintains files for researchers about Pilgrim Health
and Life Insurance Company, as well as the National Register of
Historic Places nomination for the Laney-Walker North Historic
District. Pilgrim Health and Life Insurance Company is a contributing
resource in this historic district. A historic context on ranch homes
is available online at the HPD website, www.georgiashpo.org.
PINEVALE HIGH SCHOOL REMEMBERS
THE 1963 STATE FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP
Jeanne Cyriaque, African American Programs Coordinator
Historic Preservation Division
Pinevale High School in Valdosta was one of nearly 500
equalization schools that were built during the 1950s-1960s
when Georgia operated two racially separate school systems in
response to the Brown vs. Board Supreme Court decision.
Campuses of segregated schools in urban areas like Valdosta were
common in communities with significant African-American
population. These complexes included both an elementary and
high school, athletic fields and, in some cases, gymnasiums and
cafeterias that doubled as auditoriums. These schools became the
center of the community, and sports teams exemplified this spirit.
Many of these historic schools disappeared from the urban
landscape once school integration came. Another outcome was
loss of school sports history, as mascots, trophies and teams were
merged with larger, predominately white schools. As the Valdosta
City School District adapted to integration, some of the buildings
on the old Pinevale High School campus were demolished for a
modern elementary school, but the gymnasium and renamed
Pinevale Learning Center survive today. Additionally, alumni of
Pinevale hold reunions and community activities in the gymnasium.
When African American programs surveyed the school
complex, they met with alumni in the Pinevale gymnasium to discuss
their partnership with the school district, who maintains the facility.
The gymnasium is in good condition with a new roof. The
A Pinevale High School tiger is engraved on this marker that lies
on the walkway between the gymnasium and the Pinevale Learning
Center. These walkways were common on equalization school
campuses, and provided shelter for the students as they moved
between buildings. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
7
The Valdosta City School District maintains the Pinevale gym
that is still in use today. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
gymnasium floor is ideal for basketball games, has bleachers and is
air conditioned. Alumni were encouraged to develop mentoring
programs while continuing the gym’s primary use: recreation.
Alumni were excited about an upcoming reunion, one that would
commemorate how their football team won the 1963 state
championship in the segregated A4-A Division.
The Pinevale Tigers football team had no easy route to
the state championship in 1963, although they finished the 1962
season with a 7-3 record. When the season began, their team had
20 returning seniors and 18 juniors. The team’s camaraderie proved
strong against their first opponent, Savannah’s Johnson High. It
was a defensive game resulting in a 0-0 draw. The Pinevale team
beat all opposing teams including Ralph Bunche in Woodbine,
Monitor in Fitzgerald, Douglass in Thomasville and Carver in
Douglas. Their next formidable opponent on the schedule in 1963
was Center High School in Waycross. The outcome of that game
was also a tie, this time 7-7. When Pinevale met Center again in the
regional playoffs, defense again prevailed. This time Pinevale won
on a safety, 2-0. The Pinevale Tigers offense prevailed in subsequent
shutouts to Douglass and Norris, culminating in the championship
game against Lemon Street of Marietta. The Tigers defeated Lemon
Street in a 27-13 championship win.
On September 5,
2013, alumni and former
players from the 1963 Pinevale
Tigers championship team
transformed the gymnasium
for their 50th anniversary
banquet. The gym was
decorated in school colors:
orange and black. Donald
“Butch” Williams, a member of
the championship team, was
the emcee for the evening.
Coaches, players and trainers who were deceased were recognized
throughout the evening. Entertainment was provided by a local
young men’s singing group. Frank Wilson, one of the former
coaches, provided reflections of the championship season. James
Washington’s video presentation highlighted the team, former
students and supporters.
Charles C. Hall was Pinevale’s first principal. Principal
Hall was recognized throughout the evening, and in his talk, he
focused on what the team had accomplished while encouraging the
alumni to develop programs for community youth where they as
role models become their mentors.
The Pinevale Tigers
1963 championship team were
recognized during a pre-game
ceremony at the Valdosta
High School/Brooks County
football game over the
weekend, and subsequently
were the cover story in the
October 2013 South Georgia
edition of In The Game, a high
school sports magazine. While
the 1963 championship was
their only state title, the
Pinevale Tigers continue their preservation of this legacy through
their programs at the old gym in Valdosta.
Some of the players from the 1963 state championship team
wore their team letters and jackets at the 50th anniversary
banquet. Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Charles C. Hall, Pinevale High School’s first principal,
discussed how the Pinevale Tigers alumni could mentor
current students in the Valdosta community.
Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Pinevale graduate Farrell Thompson
sells caps to alumni as they enter the
gym for the reunion banquet.
Photo by Jeanne Cyriaque
Former 1963 champion Donald
“Butch” Williams mentors young
people at a program.
The Georgia African American Historic Preservation Network (GAAHPN)
was established in January 1989. It is composed of representatives from
neighborhood organizations and preservation groups. GAAHPN was formed
in response to a growing interest in preserving the cultural and built diversity of Georgia’s
African American heritage. This interest has translated into a number of efforts which
emphasize greater recognition of African American culture and contributions to Georgia’s
history. The GAAHPN Steering Committee plans and implements ways to develop
programs that will foster heritage education, neighborhood revitalization, and support
community and economic development.
The Network is an informal group of over 3,000 people who have an interest in
preservation. Members are briefed on the status of current and planned projects and are
encouraged to offer ideas, comments and suggestions. The meetings provide an
opportunity to share and learn from the preservation experience of others and to receive
technical information through workshops. Members receive a newsletter, Reflections,
produced by the Network. Visit the Historic Preservation Division website at
www.georgiashpo.org. Preservation information and previous issues of Reflections are
available online. Membership in the Network is free and open to all.
ABOUT GAAHPN
This publication has been financed in part with federal
funds from the National Park Service, Department
of the Interior, through the Historic Preservation
Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources.
The contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect
the views or policies of the Department of the
Interior, nor does the mention of trade names,
commercial products or consultants constitute
endorsement or recommendation by the
Department of the Interior or the Georgia
Department of Natural Resources. The
Department of the Interior prohibits
discrimination on the basis of race, color, national
origin, or disability in its federally assisted
programs. If you believe you have been discriminated
against in any program, activity, or facility, or if you
desire more information, write to: Office for Equal
Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street,
NW, Washington, D.C. 20240.
Published quarterly by the
Historic Preservation Division
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Dr. David Crass, Division Director
Jeanne Cyriaque, Editor
Lillian Davis
Dr. Gerald C. & Barbara Golden
Terry & Cynthia Hayes
Richard Laub
Kenneth Rollins
Isaac Johnson, Chair
706/738-1901
Velmon Allen, Vice-Chair
GAAHPN Network
912/261-1898
STEERING COMMITTEE
Isaac Johnson
Chairman
Jeanne Cyriaque
African American
Programs Coordinator
Reflections Editor
Voice 404/656-4768
Fax 404/657-1368
jeanne.cyriaque@dnr.state.ga.us
STAFF
8
Since its first issue appeared in December 2000, Reflections has documented
hundreds of Georgia’s African American historic resources. Now all of these
articles are available on the Historic Preservation Division website
www.georgiashpo.org. Search for links to your topic by categories: cemeteries, churches,
districts, farms, lodges, medical, people, places, schools, and theatres. You can now
subscribe to Reflections from the homepage. Reflections is a recipient of a Leadership
in History Award from the American Association for State and Local History
ABOUT REFLECTIONS
Danielle Ross
African American
Programs Assistant
Voice 404/657-1054
Fax 404/657-1368
danielle.ross@dnr.state.ga.us