Preservation posts: the online journal of the Historic Preservation Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Mar. 2011

In this issue:
-Message from the Director: Communications Within the Community of Interest -The Georgia Statewide Shipwreck Inventory -The National Register of Historic Places in Georgia, Part 4 -Preparing Maps for Proposed National Register District Nominations -Hunting for Equalization Schools -Staff Profiles: Rachel Rice
Message from the Director: Communications Within the Community of Interest
By Dr. David Crass, Division Director & State Archaeologist
Part three of a three-part series on communications

In my two previous columns I briefly examined the budget challenges facing historic preservation and our external communications. In the final column for this series I'll offer a few thoughts on what I call "internal communications," or communications within Georgia's historic preservation community. More specifically, I'd like to focus on HPD's role in these communications.
Section 101b of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as Amended, includes a long list of SHPO responsibilities. These include but are not limited to conducting a comprehensive survey of historic properties, administering state programs of federal assistance, identifying and nominating eligible properties to the National Register of Historic Places, advising and assisting federal, state, and local governments in matters of historic preservation, working with local governments in the development of local historic preservation programs, and helping them become Certified Local Governments, and providing consultation for federal undertakings under Section 106 of The Act.
Implied in all of these responsibilities are the concepts of transparency and effective communications, which includes communications with our professional colleagues. We've taken three substantial steps to enhance this area. Last fall, HPD co-sponsored with the Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation a "Preservation Summit" at Hay House in Macon. The purpose of this one-day meeting was to bring together professionals from organizations across the state so that we could all learn about each other's activities. I fully anticipate that HPD and the Georgia Trust will make this an annual meeting, with a more structured agenda perhaps focused on an issue of common interest and a brief conference report to summarize our thoughts. Look for more on this over the coming months.
Additionally, HPD and the Georgia Trust will be co-sponsoring (with the Georgia Humanities Council, the Georgia Department of Economic Development, and Historic Macon Foundation) the Statewide Historic Preservation Conference on March 31st and April 1st in Macon. As many of you know, this long-standing conference has been on hiatus for a number of years. Georgia Trust CEO Mark McDonald and I have made the re-institution of this important conference a top priority, and we look forward to improving it in coming years.

The third major step HPD has taken to increase professional communications is a restructuring of our Certified Local Government training. For many years this was carried out through an agreement with the University of Georgia. However, budget reductions made it impossible to continue that particular relationship. HPD restructured the agreement so that the Carl Vinson Institute of Government now takes the organizational lead, with contributions from HPD, UGA preservation staff, and a host of other partners. Our inaugural training was held March 11-12 in Carrollton and was a resounding success, with over 110 registrants. In addition, our colleagues at the Department of Community Affairs asked HPD to participate as a regular partner in the Main Street Institute, where local communities learn about the Main Street program and the integral role historic preservation plays in downtown revitalization. Our first training workshop in this new venue was held March 16-18th in Dahlonega and we received very positive feedback from participants. Thanks in particular to Billy Parrish at DCA for asking us to be a regular partner in this important endeavor.
Your comments on how HPD can improve any of these communications programs or other aspects of our office would be most welcome. There is a contact list on our website, organized by subject matter. I can also be reached directly at David.Crass@dnr.state.ga.us.
The Georgia Statewide Shipwreck Inventory
By Christopher McCabe, Deputy State Archaeologist - Underwater

Figure 1: The Cabretta Beach shipwreck (early 19th century) - courtesy of Robert Horan
One of HPD's important missions is to help protect archaeological resources on state-owned property, including sites found underwater or within inter-tidal zones like beaches, shorelines, or marshes. In order to carry out this task, archaeologists must first accurately identify, evaluate, and document these resources. Georgia has an extensive cultural history of maritime use that manifests itself archaeologically through submerged shipwrecks and other related sites found in rivers, lakes, sounds, and offshore areas. There are literally thousands of prehistoric and historic maritime sites located throughout Georgia, and many remain undocumented.
Recently, the Institute for International Maritime Research (IIMR), a non-profit organization which has done considerable work in the Southeast, completed a pilot project for HPD designed

to provide a better means to understand and manage Georgia's maritime resources via a Geographical Information System (GIS). Using an extensive dataset of archaeological reports, survey information, and historical research, personnel from the IIMR and Coastal Underwater Archaeology Field Station have created a solid foundation for cataloguing, georeferencing, and documenting maritime sites on a continual basis. The initiative is known as the Georgia Statewide Shipwreck Inventory (GSSI), and as the name implies, shipwreck sites those both already identified and yet to be discovered are a major component of the project.
Even so, recent archaeological theory and practice in the maritime community has advanced to include a broader range of sites such as abandoned vessels, wharf sites, mills, shipyards, lighthouses, bridges, dams, canals, piers, rice trunks, fish weirs, and even inundated towns. Georgia's maritime cultural landscape is quite complex and does not end at the water's edge as some may believe. The GSSI's ultimate goal is to include as many relevant components as possible in a format available to resource managers, coastal planners, and other user-groups who need to consider maritime cultural resources in their decision making process. Equally important, it also allows for improved educational and outreach organization.
Similar in scope to the Coastal Resources Division's Sunken and Derelict Vessel Project, where modern, non-historic vessels (those with no significant historical value) are identified and mapped to facilitate safe marine navigation and environmental protection, the GSSI was designed to help foster resource management, archeological site protection, and awareness of Georgia's extensive, but often overlooked, maritime heritage. The Historic Preservation and Coastal Resources Divisions have a long-established partnership of cooperation which continues currently with remote-sensing operations, permitting, outreach, and other coastal management programs and practices.
In many cases these missions are supported by state and federal laws. In the case of submerged cultural resources, Georgia State Code (OCGA) 12-3-80 thru

83 and the National Historic Preservation Act (among others) are relevant. They establish and recognize the role of the DNR and State Archaeologist, define resources and jurisdictions, regulate and review investigations, and help protect cultural sites and individual artifacts from intentional "injury, destruction, displacement, or removal."
It's clear that the challenge to create a comprehensive archaeological database of Georgia's maritime sites will take years of collaborative efforts to fully realize, but initial indications are encouraging. Among the numerous entries, some recent additions are:
The Cabretta Beach shipwreck (early 19th century) (Figure 1). The wreck of the Baltimore clipper Carrier Dove, lost in 1876 (Figure 2). Multiple Chattahoochee River sites near West Point, GA including steamboat wrecks, river landings, and former crossings (Figure 3).
Many important sites and associated histories have been listed in the GSSI database, but countless still remain undocumented or yet to be uncovered and properly surveyed. The possibilities seem endless considering Georgia's long history of nautical tradition. Sites and artifacts built and used by Native Americans, colonial settlers, antebellum merchants and laborers, Civil War sailors, 19th-century steamboats crews and passengers, World War II shipyard workers, and numerous others will hopefully one day be ably investigated, recorded, and preserved for the benefit of all our state's residents. Visit our website for more information on underwater archaeology in Georgia.
The National Register of Historic Places in Georgia
By Gretchen Brock, National Register & Survey Program Manager
Part 4: Additional Information Review, Site Visits, and Scheduling for Review Board

This is the fourth in a series of articles about the National Register process in Georgia that began in November 2010. For previous articles, please see the past editions of Preservation Posts available on our website.
As discussed in January, the Historic Preservation Division's National Register staff reviews proposed nominations following guidance set forth by the National Park Service in the National Register Bulletins. For a majority of proposed nominations, it is very common that we request additional information to document the property to HPD and National Register standards.
Additional Information Review Upon receipt at HPD, additional information is entered into our National Register logging/ tracking database and is reviewed by HPD's National Register staff during an in-house meeting. We generally review the information within 30 days.
After our in-house review, we notify the property owner(s) and/or sponsors of the result in writing. There are three possible outcomes:
1. The property is fully documented to HPD and National Register standards and the property appears to be eligible for listing in the National Register. The proposed nomination moves to the next step in the process.
2. The property is still not fully documented but appears to be eligible for listing. We will send another letter requesting additional information and provide guidance on what is needed, why it is needed, and where to find the information. Again, it is the responsibility of the property owner/sponsor to provide the additional information. The proposed nomination is put "on hold" in our office until we receive the requested information. There is no deadline or expiration date and proposed nominations are kept in our office indefinitely until we receive the additional information.
3. We determine that the property is not eligible for listing in the National Register. In this case, we will send a letter explaining the basis for our decision. If you want to appeal our decision to the Keeper of the National Register, the appeals process is available online in the Code of Federal Regulations (36 CFR 60.12).

Site Visits For some proposed individual properties and for every historic district nomination, HPD staff will request a site visit during this step in the state-level review process. We will contact the property owner/sponsor of the nomination by phone or email to set up the site visit. In some cases, we may need to see the property first-hand in order to determine whether it is eligible for listing in the National Register. In other cases, we may need to see the extent of changes, additions, and/or alterations to the property. In some cases, our architectural historians may need to crawl under the building or in the attic in order to determine a possible date of construction of a building.
For every district nomination, HPD staff makes a site visit to the district to determine the final National Register boundaries and identify each parcel within the district as contributing, noncontributing, or vacant following the procedures in the National Park Service National Register Bulletins. We use the maps submitted by the sponsor as field maps and make changes when necessary.
In some cases, a site visit may provide new information or raise questions about a property that were not previously known or addressed in the submitted documentation. We will then send a letter to the property owner/sponsor requesting additional information and the nomination is put "on hold" until we receive the information. This is not common, but it has happened.
Scheduling for Review Board Once the property is fully documented to HPD and National Register standards, a letter is sent to the property owner/sponsor indicating that the documentation is complete and the nomination will be scheduled for a Georgia National Register Review Board meeting, the next step in the state-level review.
Due to recent budget cuts and staff reductions, review board meetings are now held twice a year in the spring and in the fall (check our website for date, place, and time). Nominations are

scheduled for a review board meeting according to priority. These priorities were established by the review board in the 1980s and are weighed toward properties that will benefit the most by National Register listing. The highest priority is given for threatened or endangered properties, properties that are receiving tax incentives or grants, districts, and properties associated with minority groups. Next in line are community landmark buildings, publicly owned properties, and properties that are not threatened or receiving a direct benefit from listing.
Review board schedules are set three to four months in advance to allow for photography site visits and the notification process required in the federal regulations governing the National Register (36 CFR 60). When a proposed nomination is scheduled for a review board, we will notify the property owner/sponsor by letter. For an individual property, we will contact the property owner/sponsor to set up a date to formally photograph the property for the final National Register nomination. For district nominations, photographs are taken from the public right-of-way and we schedule these site visits according to weather, staff availability, and other considerations.
Throughout the National Register nomination process, we encourage you to contact our National Register staff by email or phone if you have any questions. We can also suggest sources of information and provide examples of similar National Register nominations that may be useful to you.
Next month in Preservation Posts: Part 5: Georgia National Register Review Board Meeting
-For questions or more information about the National Register process, please contact: Gretchen Brock, National Register & Survey Program Manager at 404.651.6782 or gretchen. brock@dnr.state.ga.us. Lynn Speno, National Register Specialist at 404.651.5911 or lynn.speno@dnr.state.ga.us. -The official National Register of Historic Places website is www.nps.gov/history/nr/index.htm. -The National Register of Historic Places has a series of publications and guidelines for evaluating, documenting, and listing different types of properties available at www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/ index.htm.

Preparing Maps for Proposed National Register District Nominations
By Lynn Speno, National Register Specialist
This is the first in a continuing series of tips for successful National Register nominations.
A critical component of a proposed historic district nomination is a properly prepared map. Directions for submitting maps are found in Section 5 of the Historic District Information Form (HDIF). These directions follow the National Park Service's requirements defined on page 62 of the National Register Bulletin: How to Complete the National Register Registration Form .
The Historic Preservation Division's National Register staff uses these maps for our in-house state-level review, as a field map for notes during a site visit, and to prepare a final map for the National Register nomination.
Here are some tips to follow when you are preparing maps: - Be sure to put the name of the proposed district and the county on the map in case the map is separated from the rest of the nomination.
- Make sure your map is to the scale of 1 inch = 200 feet and that th is scale is indicated on the map. This scale is important because it is easy to read all the markings on the map and is the scale preferred by the National Park Service.
- Maps also need to include a north arrow to provide context. Maps should be oriented so that

north is at the top. Remember that while you are familiar with the district, we may not know the area as you do. - Be sure that street names are clear and that each building lot or parcel is identified by address. Street names and addresses must be labeled on the map so that anyone can easily identify what properties are located within the district. - Key your photographs to the map by noting the number of each photograph and the direction from which the photograph was taken. Buildings in photographs are easily matched to their location in the district w ith this method. - Indicate the source for your map in case we need to contact them. In most cases, the source is your county tax assessor's office, planning department, or regional commission. - This is an example of a complete title block including all the necessary information:
- Maps should include a buffer zone beyond the proposed boundaries of a minimum of two blocks (or the equivalent in case of rural areas) in all directions on the district map. This helps to provide a context for the district. - Please submit two copies of each district map. One copy is for your use and one for HPD use.

Your copy should have your photographs marked and identify which properties are contributing, which are noncontributing, and which are vacant following the directions in Section 5 of the HDIF. Your copy should also have a boundary line indicating the proposed boundaries of the district.
The second copy of the map should only include parcels, street names, and addresses. HPD uses the second map to submit to the National Register with the completed nomination. The second copy of the map must be in black and white so that information is not lost when the map is copied to submit to the National Register. Once the district is listed in the National Register, photocopies of this official map will be mailed to local sponsors, historical societies, and governments where the district is located. We do not copy the map in color.
- Do not use adhesive labels or dots of any kind. They often lose their stickiness and fall off over time.
Look for more tips for successful National Register nominations in future issues of Preservation Posts.

Detail of a district map properly marked with contributing (C), noncontributing (X), and vacant (V) properties. Note the photo numbers with arrows identifying the direction the photographer was facing.
Hunting for Equalization Schools
By Joy Melton, African American Programs Intern

A concrete covered walkway highlights the entrance to the equalization-era building on the Carver Freshman Campus. Photo by Joy Melton.
What usually has a flat roof, large banks of windows, and is clad in bricks? The answer: an equalization school. As an intern for African American Programs at the State Historic Preservation Office in Georgia, my supervisor, Jeanne Cyriaque, and I have surveyed numerous equalization schools. Equalization schools were built in Georgia during the 1950s and 1960s to create school facilities that were "separate, but equal" for whites and blacks. The reason that this project is of particular interest is that about 400 new schools were built and additions were made to over 100 existing schools for African Americans alone in Georgia. In a state as geographically diversified as Georgia, Jeanne and I have traveled and seen a wide variety of adaptive uses for these historic school buildings.

In preparation for each journey, I research a potential address for each school and map out directions. Former HPD intern Reuben Acosta prepared a list identifying information such as the county and city of each school that he researched at the Georgia Archives. This information has proven invaluable in helping me locate the schools. Also, my co-workers share information with me gathered on equalization schools from section 106 and environmental review. Fortunately, Jeanne frequently travels across the state, so when she pursues a speaking engagement or an opportunity to meet with someone about an African American resource, we often document equalization schools in the area.
In the field, Jeanne and I have traveled to 45 counties and over 80 equalization schools. Many equalization schools are still in use as schools while many others are vacant. The most fascinating schools boast creative adaptive uses such as a homeless shelter in Morven, a church in Pearson, and an assisted living facility in Valdosta. Many schools are reused as community centers. The one in Woodbine houses a Head Start daycare, senior center, health department, cooperative extension program, and alumni meeting place. Many alumni of

these schools are still living and are more than willing to share helpful information. Many of the equalization schools also have Rosenwald schools on their campuses. These include the Colored Memorial Rosenwald School/Risley School in Brunswick, the Eleanor Roosevelt Rosenwald School in Warm Springs, and the Vienna High and Industrial School in Vienna. Rosenwald schools represented another large construction boom in schools for African Americans in the early 20th century funded in part by the philanthropist Julius Rosenwald. More information on Rosenwald schools is available here. Along the journey Jeanne and I have met some incredible people who are preserving these historic schools and finding new uses for them. I look forward to many success stories emerging from these endangered historic resources.
Staff Profiles
Rachel Rice, Tax Incentives Specialist
I am one of those rare people who are actually from Atlanta and I have lived here my whole life. I even stayed for college and went to Georgia Tech, where I studied in Paris my senior year. The next year I moved to Charleston, SC to get my graduate degree in historic preservation. Now I am back in Atlanta working with the Tax Incentives program where I get to see all kinds

of interesting buildings and rehabilitations.
What attracted you to the field of historic preservation? My first big leap into historic preservation was my senior year at Georgia Tech. I studied abroad in Paris with the architecture program and took a Paris Urban History course. I was fascinated by the way a building could hold evidence of a certain time and place; the way history could be viewed from the built environment. I also fell in love with art nouveau and its artistic nature and craftsmanship. This made me start to notice all the smaller crafted details in a building, details that do not exist in new construction today. I am still interested in those "wow" moments of workmanship in all buildings.
What do you do on a typical day? My typical day in the office involves many aspects of the Tax Incentives program. I enter new projects in our tax incentives database and divide up the application, with one part going to the architectural reviewer and the other to the National Register reviewer. I also update current and completed projects in the database. Occasionally I need to get in touch with project contacts for more information. I am also currently working on a new Part A application which will be more user-friendly.
What do you like to do outside the office? During most weekends from April to September you can find me at the my family's lake house on Lake Nottely. I like to wakeboard, jet-ski, throw my friends off the tube, or just lie around and read a book. During the week I teach swim lessons at the Y and do trivia on Tuesday nights.

Please send your comments or suggestions to charlie.miller@dnr.state.ga.us.
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