Water quality in Georgia 1998-1999 [1998-1999]

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA 1998-1999
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA 1998-1999
Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division 205 Butler Street, SE Floyd Towers East Atlanta, Georgia 30334

WATER QUALITY
IN GEORGIA 1998-1999
Preface
This report was prepared by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division GAEPD, Department of Natural Resources, as required by Section 305(b) of Public Law 92-500 (the Clean Water Act) and as a public information document. It represents a synoptic extraction of the EPD files and, in certain cases, information has been presented in summary form from those files. The reader is therefore advised to use this condensed information with the knowledge that it is a summary document and more detailed information is available in the EPD files.
This report covers a two-year period, January 1, 1998 through December 31, 1999. Comments or questions related to the content of this report are invited and should be addressed to:
Environmental Protection Division Georgia Department of Natural Resources Floyd Towers East 205 Butler Street, S.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30334

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Protection In Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Protection Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
River Basin Management Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monitoring and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Quality Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fish Consumption Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NPDES Permitting and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonpoint Source Program Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stormwater Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State Revolving Loan Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major Issues and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PAGE
1-1 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-6 1-7

CHAPTER 2 - RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLANNING General Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Stakeholder Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Governmental Agency Partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Major River Basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Watershed Delineation Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 River Basin Management Planning Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 River Basin Groups and Planning Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

CHAPTER 3 - SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Water Resources Atlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Water Use Classifications and Water Quality Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Water Quality Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Trend Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Intensive Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 Lake Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27 Fish Tissue Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31 Toxic Substance Stream Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32 Aquatic Toxicity Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32 Coastal Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33

iv

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Facility Compliance Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33 Surface Water Quality Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
Data Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33 Fecal Coliform Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34 Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-35 Aquatic Toxicity Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-35 Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36 Fish/Shellfish Consumption Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36 Biotic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36 Assessment of Causes of Nonsupport of Designated Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36 Assessment of Potential Sources of Nonsupport of Designated Uses . . . . . . 3-36 Priorities for Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37
CHAPTER 4 - WETLAND PROGRAMS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Extent of Wetland Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Wetlands Trends In Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 Efforts To Track No Net Loss (404 Permit Review) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 Integrity of Wetland Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 Wetland Use Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 Wetland Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 Additional Wetlands Protection Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Land Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Education And Public Outreach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 State Protected Species in Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 EPA Wetland Protection Planning Grants. Watershed Demonstration Project for Ebenezer Creek Swamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 EPA Grant:Wetlands Protection in Georgia. Wetlands Training Program Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 EPA Grant: Flint River Corridor Characterization and Wetland Restoration Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Managing Wetlands on State WMAs, PFAs, Parks, Heritage Preserves, and Natural Areas. M.A.R.S.H. Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Assessment of DNR-Managed Wetlands (1990) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
CHAPTER 5 - ESTUARY AND COASTAL PROGRAMS

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

v

Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Water Quality Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Coastal Marshland Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Shellfish Sanitation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 Commercial Fishing Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 Coastal Zone Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 EPA Wetland Protection Development Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Joint General Permit with the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Savannah District Development Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Georgia Wetlands Training and Technical Support Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 EPA Lower Altamaha River Watershed Demonstration Project . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Consolidating and Streamlining the Permitting Process in Georgia Coastal
Counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 EPA Wetlands Protection Through Partners in Conservation Grant Program 5-9
CHAPTER 6 - PUBLIC HEALTH/AQUATIC LIFE ISSUES Fish Consumption Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Fish Monitoring Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Risk-Based Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 General Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 Specific Waterbody Consumption Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 Special Notice For Pregnant Women, Nursing Mothers, and Children . . . . . 6-3 Bathing Area Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 Shellfish Area Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 Pollution-Related Fishkills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
CHAPTER 7 - WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS Program Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 River Basin Management Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 Water Quality Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 Water Quality Modeling/Wasteload Allocations/TMDL Development . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 State Revolving Loan/Construction Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination system (NPDES) Permit Program . . . . . . 7-4 Swine Feeding Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5 Combined Sewer Overflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

vi

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Compliance and Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6 Zero Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7 Stormwater Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8 Nonpoint Source Management Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12 Silviculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16 Urban Runoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18 Georgia Project Wet Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21 Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23 Erosion and Sedimentation Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25 Emergency Response Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26 Environmental Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
CHAPTER 8 - GROUNDWATER AND DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 Ground and Surface Water Withdrawls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17 Ground and Surface Drinking Water Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
CHAPTER 9 - MAJOR ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Toxics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Nonpoint Source Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Public Involvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 Sustainable Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
APPENDIX A -WATERS ASSESSED FOR COMPLIANCE WITH DESIGNATED USES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
APPENDIX B - WATERS ADDED TO THE GEORGIA 303(d) LIST BY THE USEPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
APPENDIX C - FISH CONSUMPTION GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

vii

LIST OF TABLES

PAGE

TABLE 1-1 Civil Penalty Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 TABLE 2-1 River Basin Planning Vision, Mission, Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 TABLE 3-1 Water Resources Atlas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 TABLE 3-2 Georgia Water Use Classifications and Instream Water Quality
Standards for Each Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 TABLE 3-3 Georgia Instream Water Quality Standards For All Waters: Toxic
Substances (Excerpt From Georgia Rules and Regulations for Water Quality Control Chapter 391-3-6-.03 - Water Use Classifications and Water Quality Standards) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 TABLE 3-4 Water Quality Standards for Major Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 TABLE 3-5 Georgia Trend Monitoring Network 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 TABLE 3-6 Georgia Trend Monitoring Network 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22 TABLE 3-7 Major Lakes Ranked By Sum of Trophic State Index Values - 1980-1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30 TABLE 3-8 Contributors of Water Quality Data For Assessment of Georgia Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34 TABLE 3-9 Evaluation of Use Support By Water Body Type - 1996-1997 . . . . . 3-37 TABLE 3-10 Causes of Nonsupport of Designated Uses By Waterbody Type 1998-1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38 TABLE 3-11 Potential Sources of Nonsupport of Designated Uses by Waterbody Type - 1998-1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38 TABLE 4-1 State of Georgia Landcover Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 TABLE 4-2 Landcover Statistics For 14 Major River Basins of Georgia . . . . . . . 4-5 TABLE 4-3 Summary of Wetland Acreage Impacted By Section 404 Permits . . . 4-8 TABLE 4-4 Lands Acquired By The State With Significant Wetland Acreage . . . 4-13 TABLE 4-5 Assessment of DNR Lands (1990) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 TABLE 5-1 Location and Size of Areas Approved for Shellfish Harvest . . . . . . . 5-3 TABLE 6-1 Parameters For fish Tissue Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 TABLE 6-2 No Consumption Restrictions - 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 TABLE 6-3 Guidelines For Limiting The Fish You Eat - Lakes - 1999 . . . . . . . . 6-5 TABLE 6-4 Guidelines For Limiting The Fish You Eat - Rivers - 1999 . . . . . . . . 6-6 TABLE 6-5 Pollution-Caused Fish Kills - 1998-1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 TABLE 7-1 Municipal Facility Sources of Investment - 1998-1999 . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 TABLE 8-1 Major Sources of Ground Water Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 TABLE 8-2 Summary of State Ground Water Protection Programs . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

viii

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

TABLE 8-3 Aquifer Monitoring Data For CY 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

LIST OF FIGURES

PAGE

FIGURE 2-1 Major River Basins in Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 FIGURE 2-2 River Basin Management Planning Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 FIGURE 2-3 Major River Basin Groups for River Basin Management Planning . . 2-11 FIGURE 2-4 River Basin Management Planning Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 FIGURE 3-1 Georgia Trend Monitoring Network Station Locations 1994 . . . . . . . 3-10 FIGURE 3-2 Georgia Trend Monitoring Network Station Locations 1995 . . . . . . . 3-11 FIGURE 3-3 Georgia Trend Monitoring Network Station Locations 1996 . . . . . . . 3-12 FIGURE 3-4 Georgia Trend Monitoring Network Station Locations 1997 . . . . . . . 3-13 FIGURE 3-5 Georgia Trend Monitoring Network Station Locations 1998 . . . . . . . 3-14 FIGURE 3-6 Georgia Trend Monitoring Network Station Locations 1999 . . . . . . . 3-15 FIGURE 3-7 Georgia Trend Monitoring Network Station Locations 1995-1999 . . 3-17 FIGURE 4-1 Wetlands In Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 FIGURE 8-1 Hydrologic Provinces of Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5 FIGURE 8-2 Ambient Groundwater Monitoring Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7 FIGURE 8-3 Insecticide/Herbicide Use In Georgia, 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9 FIGURE 8-4 Areas Susceptible to Natural High Dissolved Solids and 24 County
Area Covered by the Interim Coastal Management Strategy . . . . . 8-10 FIGURE 8-5 Areas Susceptible to Natural and Human Induced Radiation . . . . . . . 8-12 FIGURE 8-6 Generalized Map of Significant Groundwater Recharge Areas of
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

ix

CHAPTER 1
Executive Summary
Purpose
This report, Water Quality in Georgia, 1998-1999, was prepared by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (GAEPD) of the Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The DNR Coastal Resources (CRD) and Wildlife Resources Divisions (WRD), the Georgia Forestry Commission, and the Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission also contributed portions of the report. In addition, water quality data was provided by a number of governmental agencies and universities.
The report is often referred to as the Georgia 305(b) Report as it is prepared to comply with this section of the Federal Clean Water Act. Section 305(b) requires that each State prepare and submit to the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) a report, biennially, which describes water quality conditions of navigable waters across the State. The USEPA provides guidance to the States to establish a framework for consistent reporting across the nation. The USEPA reviews the individual State reports and uses the information to develop a national water quality inventory report which is transmitted to the Congress of the United States.
This report provides an assessment of the water quality conditions of surface and groundwater in Georgia and includes a description of the nature, extent and causes of documented water quality problems. The lists of water quality problem areas serve as the basis for lists required by Sections 303(d), 314, and 319 of the Clean Water Act. The report also includes a review and summary of ongoing wetland, estuary, coastal, and public health/aquatic life issues; and water protection, groundwater, and drinking water supply program summaries.
In addition to complying with the Federal Clean Water Act, the major objective of this report is to provide Georgians a broad summary of information on water quality and the programs being implemented by the GAEPD to protect water resources across the State.
Water Protection In Georgia
The GAEPD is and has been since its inception in 1972 a comprehensive environmental agency responsible for environmental protection, management, regulation, permitting, and enforcement in Georgia. The GAEPD has for many years aggressively sought most available program delegations from the USEPA in order to achieve and maintain a coordinated, integrated approach to environmental management. Today the GAEPD administers regulatory programs for water pollution control, hazardous waste management, air quality control, solid waste management, strip mining, soil erosion control, geologic survey activities,

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

1-1

radiation control, water supply and groundwater management, underground storage tanks, surface water allocation, and safe dams.
This integrated approach to water pollution control originated in 1964 with the predecessor of the GAEPD, the Georgia Water Quality Control Board. The Georgia Water Quality Control Act of 1964 established the Board and consolidated all water pollution control functions under the Board. Early efforts by the Board in the late 1960s and early 1970s included documentation and assessment of water quality conditions, followed by judicial actions to force cleanup of targeted, priority water pollution problem areas. Another major action by the Board during this period was the establishment of water quality standards.
The Federal Clean Water Act of 1972 established the national goal of the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and for recreation in and on the water wherever attainable. Most industries in Georgia had installed effective water pollution control facilities by the end of 1972. In the mid/late 1970s, the GAEPD placed emphasis on the construction of municipal treatment plants, issuance of NPDES permits to municipal and industrial discharges, and the initiation of programs to monitor permit compliance and take appropriate enforcement actions. Major monitoring, modeling, and basin planning work was coordinated in support of treatment plant design and permitting programs. Priority was placed on targeted waters and on discharges to water quality limited stream segments through the construction grant priority funding list.
Today the Water Protection Branch of the GAEPD, in cooperation with many local, state, and federal agencies, manages most aspects of water pollution control, including, monitoring; water quality modeling and total maximum daily loads (TMDLs); river basin management planning and the continuing planning process; water quality standards; nonpoint source management; toxic substance monitoring and fish tissue monitoring; aquatic toxicity testing; watershed assessment and the State revolving loan process for funding municipal water pollution control plant construction; the NPDES permit and enforcement program for municipal and industrial point sources; the erosion and sedimentation program; stormwater management; industrial pretreatment; and land application of treated wastewater.
The GAEPD has designated the Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission as the lead agency for dealing with water quality problems caused by agriculture. The Georgia Forestry Commission has been designated by the GAEPD as the lead agency to deal with water quality problems due to commercial forestry operations.
Water Protection Programs
Georgia is rich in water resources. According to USEPA estimates, the State has 44,056 miles of perennial streams, 23,906 miles of intermittent streams, and 603 miles of ditches and canals for a total of 70,150 stream miles. Also, the State has 4.8 million acres of wetlands (9% tidally affected), 425,582 acres of public lakes and reservoirs, 854 square miles of estuaries, and 100 miles of coastline. This rich water heritage is often taken for granted. However, unusual events such as the flood in the summer of 1994 and drought conditions experienced throughout Georgia in 1986, 1988 and 1999-2000 serve as reminders that

1-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

water resources cannot be taken for granted and sound regulatory programs are necessary to protect the resources.
In 1998-1999, the GAEPD placed emphasis on river basin management planning, monitoring and assessment, modeling and TMDLs, NPDES permitting and enforcement, nonpoint source pollution abatement, stormwater permitting, treatment plant funding, fish consumption guidance, and public participation projects.
River Basin Management Planning. River basin management planning or the watershed approach to assessing and resolving water quality issues was a major priority in 1998-1999. River basin planning is an important process as it provides a basis for integrating point and nonpoint source water protection efforts across the State. A law passed by the Georgia General Assembly in 1992 requires the Department of Natural Resources to develop management plans for each river basin in Georgia. The law called for completion of the Chattahoochee and Flint River Basin Plans by December, 1997, and completion of the the Coosa and Oconee River Basin Plans by December 1998. Work was completed on the final draft basin management plans for the Chattahoochee and Flint and stakeholder meetings were held to present the plans in August, 1997. Public hearings were held to formally solicit public input in September, 1997. Comments were received and reviewed, the plans were updated in accordance with the public input and completed in December 1997. The plans were adopted by the Board of Natural Resources in February 1998. A similar process was conducted for the Coosa, Oconee, and Tallapoosa River Basins and management plans were completed and adopted by the Board in 1998. In addition to these efforts, in 1998-1999 river basin planning work was also ongoing on the Savannah, Ogeechee, Ochlockonee, Suwannee, Satilla, St. Marys, Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Altamaha Rivers. The River Basin Management Planning program is discussed in Chapter 2.
The GAEPD is also working with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and South Carolina on a Savannah River Watershed Project and with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Suwannee River Water Management District in Florida to conduct basin planning for the Suwannee River.
Monitoring and Assessment. Georgia's waters are currently classified for one of the following water use classifications: drinking water, recreation, fishing, coastal fishing, wild river, or scenic river. Specific water quality standards are assigned to support each water use classification. The use classifications and standards are discussed in some detail in Chapter 3. The quality of Georgia's waters is judged by the extent to which the waters support the uses (comply with standards set for the water use classification or designations) for which they have been designated. Water quality monitoring programs and information on assessments of Georgia's waters are discussed in Chapter 3.
Water Quality Modeling. One major modeling project that continued throughout 1998-1999 was the Chattahoochee River Modeling Project. The objective of the effort is to develop a dynamic water quality model of the Chattahoochee River from Buford Dam to Franklin. This project involves issue identification,

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

1-3

model selection and building, field data collection, model calibration and verification, and critical period model development. The water quality model will serve to support point source wasteload allocation, TMDL development, nutrient management, water supply, and stormwater management decisions, etc., into the 21st century. This project will continue into 2000. The Chattahoochee River Modeling Project is discussed in Chapter 3. In 1998-1999, Georgia initiated work on and completed several TMDLs for waters in the Savannah River Basin.
Fish Consumption Guidance. In 1998-1999 the GAEPD and the WRD continued work on the implementation of a risk based fish consumption guidance program. The results of the program are published annually in the DNR Freshwater and Saltwater Sport Fishing Regulations which are provided to all Georgians who purchase a fishing license. The information is discussed in additional detail in the DNR publication, Guidelines for Eating fish from Georgia Waters - 1999 which is reproduced in Appendix C. This guidance provides fishermen with information that is useful and understandable. This program is one of the most progressive in the southeast and has been praised by USEPA, Region IV, and the USEPA Office of Science and Technology in Washington. This work is discussed in Chapter 6.
NPDES Permitting and Enforcement. A considerable amount of time was allocated to treated wastewater discharge permit reissuance activities in 1998-1999. NPDES permits were modified or reissued to 236 municipal/private dischargers and to 152 industrial dischargers. In addition, 41 individual pretreatment permits were reissued. Since the initiation of the program in 1974 NPDES permit issuance and enforcement has been a high priority for the GAEPD.
Compliance and enforcement activities continued to receive significant attention in 1998-1999. Table 1 provides a summary of enforcement actions and civil penalties collected during 1998-1999.
TABLE 1 CIVIL PENALTY SUMMARY

Subject Municipal Discharges Industrial Discharges Other Water Quality Orders
TOTAL

Number of Orders 248 5 33

Dollar Amounts
$2,686,634 $361,000 $61,425
$3,109,059

By the end of 1999, of 128 major municipal discharges, 116 facilities (90%) consistently achieved compliance with permit limitations. 248 orders were issued to municipalities in 1998-1999 for violations of NPDES Permit requirements and/or violations of the Official Code of Georgia, Annotated resulting in the collection of $2,686,634 in civil penalties. The remaining twelve facilities are under compliance schedules to resolve the noncompliance or implementing infiltration/inflow strategies. Enforcement action has been taken by the GAEPD to insure problems are alleviated. Of 51 major industrial discharges, 49

1-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

facilities (96%) consistently achieved permit compliance in 1998-1999. Five orders were issued to industries for improperly treated discharges resulting in the collection of $361,000 in civil penalties.
Swine Feeding Operations. During 1998 and 1999 rules were developed for swine feeding operations.
Zero Tolerance. In response to a resolution adopted in 1998 by Georgia Department of Natural Resources that directed EPD to provide the "best quality of effort possible enforcing Georgia's environmental Laws", a "zero tolerance" strategy was adopted for certain high growth areas of the state requiring enforcement action on any and all noncompliance issues.
Nonpoint Source Management Program. The control of dominant point source problems has allowed the GAEPD to place increasing emphasis on the prevention, control and abatement of nonpoint sources of pollution. The GAEPD is responsible for administering and enforcing laws to protect the waters of the State, defined to include surface and ground water. Consequently, the GAEPD has been designated as the administering or lead agency for implementing the State's Nonpoint Source Management Program. This program combines regulatory and non-regulatory approaches, in cooperation with other State and Federal agencies, local and regional governments, State colleges and universities, businesses and industries, non-governmental organizations and individual citizens.
Georgia's initial Nonpoint Source Assessment Report was completed in compliance with the Federal Clean Water Act and approved by the USEPA in January 1990. This report, as required by Section 305(b) of Public Law 92-500, serves as the current process to update the Nonpoint Source Assessment Report.
In January, 1997, the GAEPD initiated efforts with the University of Georgia - Institute of Community Affairs and Development to revise and update the Nonpoint Source Management Program. This revision of the State's Nonpoint Source Management Program is intended to meet the requirements for funding under Section 319(b) of the Federal Clean Water Act and to delineate short- and long-term goals and implementation strategies. Just as important, it is also designed to be an information resource for the wide range of stakeholders across the State who are involved in the prevention, control and abatement of nonpoint sources of pollution. It has been developed as an inventory of the full breadth of nonpoint source management (regulatory and non-regulatory) in Georgia, including activities which are currently underway or planned for the time period FFY 2000 through FFY 2004.
The State's Nonpoint Source Management Program focuses on the comprehensive categories of nonpoint sources of pollution identified by the USEPA: Agriculture, Silviculture, Construction, Urban Runoff, Hydrologic/Habitat Modification, Land Disposal, Resource Extraction and Other Nonpoint Sources. This revision of the State's Nonpoint Source Management Program was developed through a consultatory process, incorporating input from a wide range of stakeholders involved in nonpoint source management activities throughout the State: local, regional, State and Federal agencies, as well as private, non-governmental organizations. This process encouraged intergovernmental

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

1-5

resource sharing and increased stakeholder involvement. This revision of the State's Nonpoint Source Management Program established new partnerships and strengthened existing partnerships in the development and implementation of nonpoint source strategies.
Under Section 319(h) of the Federal Clean Water Act, the USEPA awards a Nonpoint Source Implementation Grant to the GAEPD to fund eligible projects which support the implementation of the State's Nonpoint Source Management Program. Section 319(h) Grant funds for the prevention, control and/or abatement of nonpoint sources of pollution are made available annually to public agencies in Georgia. With funding from Section 319(h) FY90 - FY99 Grants, the GAEPD has awarded over $18,800,000 in grant funds to State agencies, local and regional governments, Resource Conservation and Development Councils, State colleges and universities to fund eligible projects supporting the State's Nonpoint Source Management Program.
Stormwater Management. The GAEPD developed its Storm Water Permitting Strategy in February, 1991, and revised it in February, 1997. Georgia's Phase II Storm Water Permitting Strategy was approved by USEPA in May 2000. In 1994-1995 a total of 58 NPDES permits were issued to large and medium municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s). The 45 NPDES permits covering the Atlanta metro area were reissued in 1999. The 13 NPDES permits for medium MS4s were reissued in April 2000.
In 1993, a general NPDES permit for storm water associated with industrial activity was issued. This permit was reissued in 1998. There are currently approximately 2500 facilities that have submitted Notices of Intent for coverage under the reissued permit. The general permit for storm water from construction activities was issued in September, 1996, appealed, and eventually overturned by a State Administrative Law Judge in April, 1998. The permit was redrafted and issued in July, 1999 and was subsequently appealed. Settlement negotiations began in October, 1999. A revised general NPDES permit for construction activities was issued on June 12, 2000, and became effective on August 1, 2000. Storm water management is discussed in Chapter 7.
State Revolving Loan Fund. In March 1988, Georgia became the third State in the nation to receive a Capitalization Grant from the USEPA for implementation of the State Revolving Loan Fund. In 19981999 more than twenty-seven million dollars were obligated to fourteen different communities for wastewater system improvements through the Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority (GEFA) in the form of low-interest, state loans. In addition, Georgia received a total of sixty-eight million dollars through federal Capitalization Grants. The revolving loan program is discussed in Chapter 7.
Major Issues and Challenges
The key issues and challenges to be addressed now and in the future years include (1) the control of toxic substances, (2) the reduction of nonpoint source pollution, (3) the need to increase public involvement in water quality improvement projects, and (4) the continued implementation of a comprehensive groundwater

1-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

management plan. The implementation of the River Basin Management Planning program in Georgia provides a framework for addressing each of the key issues.
The reduction of toxic substances in rivers, lakes, sediment and fish tissue is extremely important in protecting both human health and aquatic life. The sources are widespread. The most effective method to reduce releases of toxic substances into rivers is pollution prevention which consists primarily of eliminating or reducing the use of toxic materials or at least reducing the exposure of toxic materials to drinking water, wastewater and stormwater. It is very expensive and difficult to reduce low concentrations of toxic substances in wastewaters by treatment technologies. It is virtually impossible to treat large quantities of stormwater and reduce toxic substances. Therefore, toxic substances must be controlled at the source.
The pollution impact on Georgia streams has radically shifted over the last two decades. Streams are no longer dominated by untreated or partially treated sewage discharges which resulted in little or no oxygen and little or no aquatic life. The sewage is now treated, oxygen levels have returned and fish have followed. However, another source of pollution is now affecting Georgia streams. That source is referred to as nonpoint and consists of mud, litter, bacteria, pesticides, fertilizers, metals, oils, suds and a variety of other pollutants being washed into rivers and lakes by stormwater. This form of pollution, although somewhat less dramatic than raw sewage, must be reduced and controlled to fully protect Georgia's streams. As with toxic substance control, nonstructural techniques such as pollution prevention and best management practices must be significantly expanded. These include both watershed protection through planning, zoning, buffer zones, and appropriate building densities as well as increased use of stormwater retention ponds, street cleaning and perhaps eventual limitations on pesticide and fertilizer usage.
It is clear that local governments and industries, even with well funded efforts, cannot fully address the challenges of toxic substances and nonpoint source pollution control. Citizens must individually and collectively be part of the solution to these challenges. The main focus is to achieve full public acceptance of the fact that some of everything put on the ground or street ends up in a stream. Individuals are littering, driving cars which drip oils and antifreeze, applying fertilizers and pesticides and participating in a variety of other activities contributing to toxic and nonpoint source pollution. If streams and lakes are to be pollutant free, then some of the everyday human practices must be modified. The GAEPD will be emphasizing public involvement; not only in decision-making but also in direct programs of stream improvement. The first steps are education and adopt-a-stream programs.
The most significant future groundwater issues in Georgia will be management of the resource to further reduce salt water contamination of coastal drinking water aquifers, to develop a strategy for dealing with nonpoint sources of nitrates and to complete implementation of the Recharge Areas and Wellhead Protection Plans. Future groundwater issues and challenges are discussed in more detail in Chapter 9.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

1-7

CHAPTER 2
RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLANNING
General Background
River Basin Management Planning is the framework used in Georgia to implement water resource protection programs. Georgia has adopted a river basin management planning (RBMP) approach to watershed protection as defined in State law (O.C.G.A. 12-5-520) passed by the Georgia General Assembly in 1992 which requires that the GAEPD develop river basin management plans for the major rivers in Georgia. The law designated the Chattahoochee, Flint, Coosa, and Oconee Rivers as the first basins to be addressed. The law requires each plan include a description of the basin or watershed, identification of local governments in each basin, land use inventories, and a description of plan goals which may include providing environmental education, improving water quality, reducing pollution at the source, improving aquatic habitat, reestablishing native species of fish, restoring and protecting wildlife habitat, and providing recreational benefits. A description of the strategies and measures necessary to accomplish the goals is also to be a part of each management plan. The law also requires a seven person local advisory committee be appointed to provide advice and council to GAEPD during the plan development.
The river basin planning law focuses on surface water quality and provides five years for the development of one river basin plan for each major basin. The program being implemented by the GAEPD and partners provides for updates of each river basin plan on a five year basis thus establishing a long-term vision for the basin planning program. The program also goes beyond the law by incorporating groundwater and water supply/drinking water issues in the basin planning process. This comprehensive approach to water resource management and protection is a cornerstone of Georgia's program for RBMP. The program also provides for the development of the initial plan for each basin on a faster track than envisioned by the law.
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency provided funding in 1994 for the Cadmus Group, a consultant with experience in basin wide planning, to help GAEPD develop a framework for implementing RBMP in Georgia. The consultant helped facilitate the efforts of a GAEPD workgroup made up of representatives of the Water Protection and Water Resources Branches and the Wildlife Resources Division. The workgroup developed a basin planning cycle, basin plan outline, basin groupings, planning schedules, issue prioritization strategies, task assignments, and resource needs. A number of the initial efforts of the workgroup are described below. USEPA provided funding in 1997-1999 for Tetra Tech to support the Georgia river basin planning program by helping to facilitate work of the basin planning team in the compilation of the Chattahoochee and Flint River Basin Management Plans in 1997, the Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Oconee River Basin Management Plans in 1998, and work on various stages of the remaining plans in 1999.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

2-1

Stakeholder Participation
The local advisory committees for the Chattahoochee, Flint, Coosa, and Oconee River Basins were convened in 1993 and consist of a cross section of stakeholder interests, including local governments, agriculture, industry, forestry, environmental groups, and landowners. The four basin committees met together in January, 1994 in a facilitated meeting and finalized the proposed mission statement and goals for the statewide program (Table 2-1). The local advisory committee for the Tallapoosa River was established in 1996. Local advisory committees for the Satilla, St. Marys, Suwannee, and Ochlockonee Rivers were established in 1998 and Savannah and Ogeechee local advisory committees were established in 1999.
In addition to local advisory committees, GAEPD has incorporated stakeholder involvement in the RBMP program. GAEPD envisions stakeholder involvement as one of the key components of the RBMP program. Stakeholder meetings are planned to facilitate public input at important stages of the planning process. GAEPD planned and hosted initial stakeholder meetings in Albany, Griffin, Helen, Atlanta, and Columbus in late 1994, to invite and encourage stakeholder input early in the planning process for the Chattahoochee and Flint River basins. A second and third set of stakeholder meetings were held in these locations in the Chattahoochee and Flint River Basins in 1996 to discuss priority issues and in 1997 to present the final draft plans for review and input. A public hearing was then held in 1997 to formally receive comments on each draft plan. Stakeholder input was used in the formulation of the final plans and the plans were completed in December, 1997. The Chattahoochee and Flint River Basin Management Plans were adopted by the Board of Natural Resources in February, 1998.
In the summer of 1995 initial stakeholder meetings were held in Rome, Cartersville, Dalton, Athens, Dublin, and Carrollton for the Coosa, Oconee, and Tallapoosa River basins. A second and third set of stakeholder meetings were held in the Coosa, Oconee and Tallapoosa in February, 1998 to discuss priority issues and in September, 1998 to present the final draft plans for review and input. A public hearing was also held in September, 1998 to formally receive comments on each draft plan. The stakeholder input was used in the formation of the final plans and the plans were completed in October, 1998. The Coosa, Oconee, and Tallapoosa Plans were adopted by the Board of Natural Resources in November 1998.
Initial stakeholder meetings were held in the Savannah and Ogeechee River basins in January, 1997 in the Satilla, St. Marys, Suwannee and Ochlockonee River basins in January, 1998 and in the Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Altamaha in December, 1998 to solicit early input on problem issues and ideas on monitoring. GAEPD considers stakeholder involvement as a continuous process, not limited to scheduled meetings, and encourages stakeholders to provide input and assistance at any
TABLE 2-1. RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLANNING VISION, MISSION, GOALS
What is the VISION for the Georgia RBMP Approach?

2-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Clean water to drink, clean water for aquatic life, and clean water for recreation, in adequate amounts to support all these uses in all river basins in the State of Georgia. What is the Mission of the Georgia RBMP Approach? To develop and implement a river basin planning program to protect, enhance, and restore the waters of the State of Georgia, that will provide for effective monitoring, allocation, use, regulation, and management of water resources. What are the Goals guiding the Georgia RBMP Approach? 1. To meet or exceed local, State, federal laws, rules, and regulations, and be consistent with other applicable plans. 2. To identify existing and future water quality issues, emphasizing nonpoint sources of pollution. 3. To propose water quality improvement practices encouraging local involvement to reduce pollution, and monitor and protect water quality. 4. To involve all interested citizens and appropriate organizations in plan development and implementation. 5. To coordinate with other river plans and regional planning. 6. To facilitate local, State, and federal activities to monitor and protect water quality. 7. To identify existing and potential water availability problems and to coordinate development of alternatives. 8. To provide for education of the general public on matters involving the environment and ecological concerns specific to each river basin. 9. To provide for improving aquatic habitat and exploring the feasibility of reestablishing native species of fish.
10. To provide for restoring and protecting wildlife habitat.
11. To provide for recreational benefits.
12. To identify and protect flood prone areas within each river basin, and encourage local and State compliance with Federal floodplain management guidelines.
[Established January 1994 by a joint basin advisory committee workgroup]
time. In addition to providing input it is likely that stakeholders will play a major role in implementation of non-regulatory water resource protection strategies.
Governmental Agency Partnerships

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

2-3

Federal, State, and Local governments and agencies play a major role in all water resource protection and enhancement programs across Georgia. Creating and supporting governmental partnerships is another guiding principle of the river basin management planning program in Georgia. Initial efforts to foster partnerships culminated in a governmental partners meeting in January, 1995 hosted by GAEPD. Federal, State, and Local government representatives participated in presentations of the national and Georgia watershed protection approaches and discussed ways to work together on RBMP in Georgia. The Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission, Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Georgia Forestry Commission are major partners in the planning process and are conducting the basin planning work on agricultural and forestry issues. Two other significant partners are the USEPA and the United States Geologic Survey. Local governments throughout Georgia play a pivotal role in the protection and enhancement of water resources. One major project (described later) involving a number of agencies is the delineation of watersheds within each river basin in Georgia.
Major River Basins
The major river basins provide the geographical framework and focus for RBMP. Fourteen major river basins have been defined in the State of Georgia and are shown on Figure 2-1. These river basins are the Altamaha, Chattahoochee, Coosa, Flint, Ochlockonee, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Ogeechee, Saint Marys, Satilla, Savannah, Suwannee, Tallapoosa, and Tennessee. River basin management plans will be prepared for each of these major river basins. State regulatory programs and support activities, normally allocated statewide, will be focused in each major river basin on a rotating schedule to achieve the following objectives:
C Facilitate efficient use of limited financial and personnel resources for water resource activities. C Provide opportunities for intergovernmental resource sharing. C Improve spatial detail of water quality assessments resulting from increased monitoring coverage within
river basins (a set of core trend monitoring sites will be maintained statewide). C Improve basic knowledge of the watershed as well as cumulative impacts within a watershed. C Provide a framework for centralized data management. C Improveopportunitiesformanagementstrategyimplementationbyincreasing stakeholder involvement
within the watershed. C Provide consistent and integrated decision making for water resource issues.
Focusing State regulatory programs on basins represents an alternative approach to water resources management in the State of Georgia.
FIGURE 2-1 MAJOR RIVER BASINS IN GEORGIA

2-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Watershed Delineation Project

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

2-5

The major river basins provide the geographical framework for RBMP, however, a smaller watershed unit system is needed to provide the organizational elements within a major river basin. This smaller watershed system will provide the basis for many RBMP tasks including:
C Water quality monitoring program design. C Land use and nonpoint source pollution assessment. C Issue identification and prioritization. C Data management and geographic information systems. C Geographic targeting.
The objective of the watershed delineation project is to develop a consistent and standard system of defined watersheds for the State, and to provide the watershed boundaries for mapping and data management.
Currently, the State's major river basins have been divided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) into smaller watersheds called hydrological units. The USGS uses these smaller watershed units for cataloging purposes and have assigned an eight digit code to each. Many water and land resource management agencies use these hydrological units for watershed related work. GAEPD, Natural Resource Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) and the U.S. Forest Service and others have further subdivided the USGS hydrological units into finer watershed units. However, few agencies use a common watershed delineation scheme. As a result, many agencies are interested in a standard watershed system for the State of Georgia, and are participating in a project to develop standardized watersheds within the USGS hydrological units. This interagency project is being coordinated and conducted by the USGS and is funded primarily by the GAEPD. The USGS is also providing quality assurance and quality control, as well as geographic information system (GIS) expertise to develop a GIS watershed coverage.
Methods and criteria have been developed for defining the watershed units as well as procedures for delineating, digitizing, and numbering the watershed units. One criteria for watershed delineation that was agreed upon is that watershed units would be hydrologically sound or based upon the hydrologic definition of a watershed and not defined by artificial boundaries such as government jurisdictions. The project is scheduled to be completed in 2000.
River Basin Management Planning Cycle
A RBMP cycle (Figure 2-2) has been developed to provide the process for the development and implementation of river basin management plans. The RBMP cycle consists of twelve elements organized into five phases designed to develop and implement RBMP over a five year period. The objectives of the individual cycle elements are described on the following pages.
FIGURE 2-2. RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLANNING CYCLE

2-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

1. Organize River Basin Advisory Committee. Public participation or stakeholder involvement is an

Key Points for Stakeholder Involvement

Steps

Stages

1. Organize Advisory Committee and Basin Team 2. Review Basin Planning Goals and Objectives

Basin Planning Organization

Stakeholders

3. Compile and Review Preliminary Information 4. Develop Information Collection Plan 5. Collect and Compile Detailed Information

Data Collection

Stakeholders

6. Analyze and Evaluate Information/Data 7. Identify and Prioritize Issues 8. Develop Strategies for Priority Issues

Assessment/ Prioritization

Stakeholders

9. Prepare/Update Draft River Basin Plan 10. Agency and Public Review/Hearings

Basin Plan Development

11. Finalize River Basin Plan

Stakeholders

12. Implement River Basin Plan

Implementation

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

2-7

important aspect of the program. The river basin management planning law requires the Director of GAEPD to appoint at least seven citizens and a chairman to a local advisory committee to provide advice and counsel to the Director during the development of the management plans.
In addition to the local advisory committee, basin stakeholders will be encouraged to participate in developing and implementing the river basin management plan. GAEPD will host meetings to familiarize the stakeholders with the progress of the individual basin plans and seek input on issues and actions at important points in the planning process.
2. Review River Basin Management Goals and Objectives. The overall Mission, Goals, and Objectives for RBMP were drafted by GAEPD in 1993. In January, 1994, GAEPD hosted a combined meeting of the local advisory committees for the Chattahoochee, Flint, Coosa, and Oconee River basins for the purpose of reviewing and reaching consensus on the Mission, Goals, and Objectives. These goals and objectives will be reviewed in the initial steps of each basin planning cycle and goals and objectives specific to the individual basin may be added.
*Stakeholder Involvement will be encouraged at this point in the cycle to introduce RBMP and receive information and comments from all interested stakeholders, and to solicit input on water resource issues in the river basin. The major objective of this initial stakeholder involvement is to encourage early involvement in the RBMP process.
3. Compile and Review Preliminary Information/Data. Readily available information and data will be compiled and analyzed to begin characterizing each river basin. This initial information and data review will help identify deficiencies in the available information, and provide input to the strategic monitoring plan and future RBMP activities.
4. Develop and Implement Monitoring Plan. A strategic monitoring plan will be implemented to collect data to characterize basin water quality and to monitor the effectiveness of river basin management actions or implementation strategies. The monitoring plan will be developed based on watershed units, review of preliminary information/data, and stakeholder recommendations. The plan will describe specific station locations, water quality parameters, and sampling frequency.
Some water resource issues may require detailed assessments to evaluate the magnitude and define causal relationships. Such detailed assessments or intensive surveys, may include water availability and use studies, assimilative capacity studies, Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) evaluations, or use attainment studies.
5. Compile Detailed Information/Data. Existing information and data of varying types will be available for each basin. GAEPD will use its information resources and databases, and request information from other agencies, organizations, and stakeholders where appropriate. Information and data will be sought for basin characterization (e.g., land use, hydrology, water availability, population and demographics, water supply

2-8

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

demand, economics, water quality, resource manage-ment). Information and data collected for each river basin may be entered into databases and GIS coverages to facilitate its longterm management.
6. Analyze and Evaluate Information/Data. Analysis of basin wide monitoring data and stakeholder information will focus on issue identification and resource management strategies. Information and data limitations will be identified so that initial findings can be appropriately qualified. Some assessment and quantification of water availability and use requirements, loading estimates, and assimilative capacity may be performed to develop causal relationships.
7. Identify Issues and Prioritize Watersheds. Basin wide water resource issues identified during the initial stakeholder involvement and those identified during the monitoring, information/data collection, and analysis will be prioritized. GAEPD will develop methods for prioritizing river basin water resource issues, and identify those needing corrective actions. The priority issues identified during the RBMP process may require additional study to facilitate decision making. A variety of assessment tools such as numerical modeling may be used. The results of the assessments will be factored into the management strategies for the particular priority issue.
*Stakeholder Involvement will be encouraged at this point in the RBMP cycle to receive input on the water resource issues and priorities.
8. Develop Strategies For Priority Watersheds. GAEPD will propose strategies to address the issues identified in the river basin. Potential strategies include water supply alternatives, point source and nonpoint source controls, best management practices, stormwater management, erosion and sedi-ment control, and habitat restoration. Where applicable, strategies will be evaluated for their effectiveness in achieving water resource goals using predictive modeling or other methods. Regulatory constraints and procedures will be considered and stakeholder cooperation will be encouraged where voluntary efforts are needed to meet water supply and water quality goals.
9. Prepare/Update Draft River Management Basin Plan. GAEPD will prepare a draft river basin management plan documenting the results of the planning process including a comprehensive basin characterization including information on data collected, analyses results and the methods used, issue identification and prioritization, water resource management goals, and management and implementation strategies. For successive river basin management plans, the existing plan will be updated to reflect plan progress and changing conditions in the river basin.
10. Agency and Public Review/Meetings. The draft river basin management plan will be distributed to the local advisory committee, the governmental partners, and made accessible to interested stakeholders. Stakeholder meetings will be conducted to explain the content of the river basin management plan and to solicit stakeholder comments and recommendations to the plan.
*Stakeholder Involvement will be encouraged at this point in the RBMP process to obtain comments and recommendations on the plan.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

2-9

11. Finalize River Basin Management Plan. Appropriate modifications will be made to the draft river basin management plan based on the comments and recommendations received during the review process. The final plan will be reviewed and adopted by the Board of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources.
12. Implement River Basin Management Plan. The RBMP cycle concludes with the implementation of management strategies. Potential activities during this period may include TMDL implementation, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) point source and stormwater permitting activities, surface water and groundwater withdrawal permitting, nonpoint source best management practices implementation, voluntary self-monitoring programs, adopt-a-stream programs, compliance monitoring, and enforcement actions. GAEPD will consider implementation strategies that are both within its regulatory capacity, and those that will be voluntary.
*Stakeholder Involvement will be encouraged to support and implement the river basin management plan strategies. Some management strategies may be voluntary and their successful implementation can only be achieved by the appropriate stakeholders.
River Basin Groups and Planning Schedule
The major river basins previously described have been organized into five groups for RBMP. Grouping was necessary to accomplish the following:
C Complete river basin management plans for each major river basin in a timely manner. C Repeat RBMP activities in each basin every five years. C Coordinate NPDES permitting (including wasteload allocations) which has a five year renewal period.
The five river basin groups are shown in Figure 2-3 and are: Chattahoochee-Flint, Coosa-TallapoosaTennessee, Oconee-Ocmulgee-Altamaha, Savannah-Ogeechee, and Suwannee-Satilla - OchlockoneeSaint Marys. These river basin groups were determined based on river basin location, contributing drainage, physiographic features, and related water resource issues. The basin groups are critical to the scheduling of RBMP efforts.
A schedule (Figure 2-4) has been developed to complete plans for each major river basin and to establish a longterm basin planning process involving detailed reassessments of each river basin on a five year rotating basis. For instance, the initial Chattahoochee and Flint River basin plans were

2-10

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

FIGURE 2-3 MAJOR RIVER BASIN GROUPS FOR RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLANNING

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

2-11

FIGURE 2-4 RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLANNING SCHEDULE
RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLANNING SCHEDULE

River Basins/ Groups Chattahoochee Flint Coosa Tallapoosa Tennessee Savannah Ogeechee Ochlockonee Suwannee Satilla Saint Marys Oconee Ocmulgee Altamaha

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

River Basin Cycle Monitoring Period Implementation Period

completed in 1997. These basins will be reassessed beginning in 1999 with the process culminating in updated plans in the year 2003. Similarly, plan implementation for each river basin will be based on a rotating schedule. This approach will provide needed long-term perspectives and a defined schedule. This is a key issue, since the long-term, defined schedule offers the opportunity for many governmental agencies and stakeholders to plan partnerships and participation in the planning and implementation processes.
The initial scheduling process was complicated by several issues. First, the State law requires plans for the Coosa and Oconee River basins, which are in different basin groups (as previously defined), be the second set of plans to be started. Second, there was a significant opportunity to coordinate Georgia's RBMP work with the ongoing Tri-State (Alabama, Florida, Georgia)/U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Comprehensive Study of the Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa and Appalachicola - Chattahoochee - Flint (ACT-ACF) basins which involves the Chattahoochee, Flint, Coosa, and Tallapoosa River basins. Thus, the Tallapoosa River basin plan was scheduled with the Coosa and Oconee River basin plans. However, program resources were not adequate to develop plans for the Tennessee, Ocmulgee, and Altamaha River basins at the same time. Third, an additional objective is to coordinate planning work with South Carolina on the Savannah River basin. In addition, the USACE, in coordination with other Federal agencies, planned to initiate a Comprehensive Study of the Savannah River basin in 1997. Thus, the schedule placed

2-12

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

the Savannah and Ogeechee River basins in the rotation beginning in 1996. Scheduling Georgia's RBMP to coincide with these other basin initiatives provides opportunities for resource, data, and information sharing. As shown in the schedule, once the initial complications are worked out, the program will converge into a long term rotating schedule. The schedule also shows beginning in 2000 RBMP will be ongoing in all river basins in Georgia.
It should be noted that under the scheduling provisions of the RBMP law it would take approximately sixteen years to complete the plans for all fourteen river basins. The schedule proposed by the GAEPD provides for the fourteen plans to be completed in approximately ten years. Secondly, the law does not require the river basin plans to be updated on a rotating basis as is currently planned by the GAEPD.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

2-13

CHAPTER 3
Surface Water Quality Monitoring And Assessment
Background
Water Resources Atlas. In an effort to move toward national consistency in estimating river miles and lake acreage, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed and provided to the States in 1992 new estimates for use in this report. The estimates were based on the USGS 1:100,000 Digital Line Graph (DLG) which provides the first national database of hydrologic traces. The DLG in coordination with the USEPA River Reach File provided a consistent computerized methodology for summing river miles and lake acreage for each State. The estimates are based on hydrologic features on the USGS 1:100,000 scale map series. The 1:100,000 scale map series is the most detailed scale available nationally in digital form and includes 75 to 90 percent of the hydrologic features on the USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic map series. Included in river mile estimates are perennial streams (streams that flow all year), intermittent streams (streams that stop flowing during dry weather), and ditches and canals (waterways constructed by man). Since 1992, USEPA enhanced the database from which the original estimates were made. The miles of streams were reduced by nearly 1,000 miles while the total acreage estimate for lakes increased by nearly 4000 acres.
The estimates for Georgia which are used in this report are 44,056 miles of perennial streams, 23,906 miles of intermittent streams, and 603 miles of ditches and canals for a total of 70,150 geological stream miles. The information provided by the USEPA estimates the number of lakes in Georgia to be 11,813 with a total acreage of 425,382. This information is summarized in Table 3-1.
Georgia has 14 major river basins. These are the Altamaha, Chattahoochee, Coosa, Flint, Ochlockonee, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Ogeechee, St. Marys, Satilla, Savannah, Suwannee, Tallapoosa, and the Tennessee (Figure 2-1). The rivers in Georgia provide the water needed by humans and animals to sustain life. Water also provides significant recreational opportunities, is used for industrial purposes, drives turbines to provide electricity, and assimilates our wastes.
Water Use Classifications and Water Quality Standards. The Board of Natural Resources was authorized through the Rules and Regulations for Water Quality Control promulgated under the Georgia Water Quality Control Act of 1964, as amended, to establish water use classifications and water quality standards for the waters of the State. The water use classifications and standards were first established by the Georgia Water Quality Control Board in 1966. Georgia was the second State in the nation to have

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-1

its water use classifications and standards for intrastate waters approved by the federal government in 1967. For each water use classification, water quality standards or criteria

TABLE 3-1. WATER RESOURCES ATLAS

State Population State Surface Area Number of Major River Basins Number of Perennial River Miles Number of Intermittent River Miles Number of Ditches and Canals Total River Miles Number of Lakes Over 500 Acres Acres of Lakes Over 500 Acres Number of Lakes Under 500 Acres Acres of Lakes Under 500 Acres Total Number of Lakes & Reservoirs, Ponds Total Acreage of Lakes, Reservoirs, Ponds Square Miles of Estuaries Miles of Coastline Acres of Freshwater Wetlands Acres of Tidal Wetlands

7,000,000 59,441 square miles
14 44,056 miles 23,906 miles 603 miles 70,150 miles 48 265,365 acres 11,765 160,017 acres 11,813 425,382 acres 854 square miles 100 4,500,000 acres 384,000 acres

were developed which established a framework to be used by the Water Quality Control Board and later the Environmental Protection Division in making water use regulatory decisions.The water use classification system was applied to interstate waters in 1972 by the GAEPD. Georgia was again one of the first states to receive federal approval of a statewide system of water use classifications and standards. Table 3-2 provides a summary of water use classifications and criteria for each use.
In the latter 1960s through the mid-1970s there were many water quality problems in Georgia. Many stream segments were classified for the uses of navigation, industrial, or urban stream. Major improvements in wastewater treatment over the years have allowed the stream segments to be raised to the uses of fishing or coastal fishing which include more stringent water quality standards. The final two segments in Georgia were upgraded as a part of the triennial review of standards completed in 1989. All of Georgia's waters are currently classified as either fishing, recreation, drinking water, wild river, scenic river, or coastal fishing. This action represented the culmination of 25 years of effort to improve and protect water quality in order that all waters in Georgia could be classified for uses in accordance with goals in the Federal Clean Water Act which provides for "the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and provides for recreation in and on the water". This goal had been interpreted by the USEPA to be achieved if waters

3-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

of the State achieved standards associated with the classifications of fishing (including secondary contact recreation) or recreation. Based on Georgia's progress to achieve this goal, the USEPA had reviewed and approved Georgia standards every three years since 1972.

TABLE 3-2 GEORGIA WATER USE CLASSIFICATIONS AND INSTREAM
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR EACH USE

Use Classification
Drinking Water requiring treatment Recreation
Coastal Fishing3 Fishing
Wild River Scenic River Agriculture4
Industrial4
Navigation4
Urban Stream4

Bacteria (fecal coliform)

Dissolved Oxygen

pH

(other than trout streams)1

30-Day Geometric Mean2 (no/100 ml)

Maximum (no./100ml)

Daily Average (mg/l)

Minimum (mg/l)

Std. Units

1,000 (Nov-April)

4,000 (Nov-April)

5.0

200 (May-Nov)

4.0

6.0-

8.5

200 (Freshwater)

--

100 (Coastal)

5.0

4.0

6.0-

8.5

200 (May-October)

1,000 (Nov-April)

4,000 (Nov-April)

5.0

4.0

6.0-

8.5

No alteration of natural water quality

No alteration of natural water quality

5,000

--

--

3.0

6.0-

8.5

--

--

--

3.0

6.0-

8.5

5,000

--

--

3.0

6.0-

8.5

2,000

5,000

--

3.0

6.0-

8.5

Temperature (other trout streams)1

Maximum
Rise (EF)

Maximum (EF)

5

90

5

90

5

90

5

90

5

90

5

90

--

--

1 Standards for Trout Streams for dissolved oxygen are an average of 6.0 mg/l and a minimum of 5.0 mg/l. No temperature alteration is allowed in Primary Trout Streams and a temperature change of 2EF is allowed in Secondary Trout Streams.
2 Geometric means should be "based on at least four samples collected from a given sampling site over a 30-day period at intervals not leass than 24 hours." The geometric mean of a series of N terms is the Nth root of their product. Example: the geometric mean of 2 and 18 is the square root of 36.
3 Standards are same as fishing with the exception of dissolved oxygen which is site specific. 4 Improvements in water quality since the water use classifications and standards were originally adopted in 1972 provided the opportunity for Georgia to upgrade
all stream classifications and eliminate these use designations in 1993.

However, in the 1989 triennial review, the USEPA changed its interpretation of the Clean Water Act goal to include the requirement that all waters be classified to protect the use of swimming or primary contact recreation. In order to comply with this change in Federal requirements, the Board of Natural Resources adopted in December 1989, revised standards which established a fecal coliform standard of a geometric mean of 200 per 100 ml for all waters with the use designations of fishing or drinking water to apply during

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-3

the months of May - October (the recreational season). This standard provides the regulatory framework to support the USEPA requirement that States protect all waters for the use of primary contact recreation.

In addition, Congress made changes in the Clean Water Act in 1987 which required each State to adopt numeric limits for toxic substances for the protection of aquatic life and human health. In order to comply with these requirements, the Board of Natural Resources adopted 31 numeric standards for protection of aquatic life and 90 numeric standards for the protection of human health. Table 3-3 provides a summary of toxic substance standards that apply to all waters in Georgia.
TABLE 3-3 Georgia Instream Water Quality Standards For All Waters: Toxic Substances
(Excerpt From Georgia Rules and Regulations for Water Quality Control Chapter 391-3-6-.03 - Water Use Classifications and Water Quality Standards)

(I) Instream concentrations of the following chemical constituents which are considered to be other toxic pollutants of concern in the State of Georgia shall not exceed the criteria indicated below under 7-day, 10-year minimum flow (7Q10) or higher stream flow conditions except within established mixing zones:

1. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

70 g/l

2. Methoxychlor*

0.03 g/l

3. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid (TP Silvex)

50 g/l

(ii) Instream concentrations of the following chemical constituents listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as toxic priority pollutants pursuant to Section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Clean Water Act (as amended) shall not exceed criteria indicated below under 7-day, 10-year minimum flow (7Q10) or higher stream flow conditions except within established mixing zones or in accordance with site specific effluent limitations developed in accordance with procedures presented in 391-3-6-.06.

1. Arsenic (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters
2. Cadmium (a) Freshwater (at hardness levels less than 100 mg/l) (at hardness levels of 100 mg/l to 199 mg/l) (at hardness levels greater than or equal to 200 mg/l) Note: Total hardness expressed as CaCO3. (b) Coastal and Marine Waters 3. Chlordane* (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters
4. Chromium (VI) (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters
5. Total Chromium (at hardness levels less than 100 mg/l) (at hardness levels of 100 mg/l to 199 mg/l) (at hardness levels greater than or equal to 200 mg/l) Note: Total hardness expressed as CaC03.
6. Copper (a) Freshwater (at hardness levels less than 100 mg/l) (at hardness levels of 100 mg/l to 199 mg/l) (at hardness levels greater than or equal to 200 mg/l) Note: Total hardness expressed as CaCO3. (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters
7. Cyanide* (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters
8. Dieldrin* 9. 4,4'-DDT* 10. a-Endosulfan*

50 g/l 36 g/l
0.7 g/l* 1.1 g/l* 2.0 g/l*
9.3 g/l
0.0043 g/l 0.004 g/l
11 g/l 50 g/l
120 g/l 210 g/l 370 g/l
6.5 g/l* 12 g/l 21 g/l
2.9 g/l*
5.2 g/l 1.0 g/l 0.0019 g/l 0.001 g/l

(a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters 11. b-Endosulfan* (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters 12. Endrin* 13. Heptachlor* (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters 14. Heptachlor Epoxide* (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters 15. Lead* (a) Freshwater (at hardness levels less than 100 mg/l)
(at hardness levels of 100 mg/l to 199 mg/l) (at hardness levels greater than or equal to 200 mg/l) Note: Total hardness expressed as CaCO3. (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters 16. Lindane [Hexachlorocyclohexane (g-BHC-Gamma)] 17. Mercury* (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters 18. Nickel (a) Freshwater (at hardness levels less than 100 mg/l) (at hardness levels of 100 mg/l to 199 mg/l) (at hardness levels greater than or equal to 200 mg/) Note: Total hardness expressed as CaCO3. (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters 19. Pentachlorophenol* (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters 20. PCB-1016 21. PCB-1221 22. PCB-1232 23. PCB-1242 24. PCB-1248 25. PCB-1254 26. PCB-1260 27. Phenol 28. Selenium (a) Freshwater (b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters 29. Silver 30. Toxaphene 31. Zinc (a) Freshwater (at hardness levels less than 100 mg/l) (at hardness levels of 100 mg/l to 199 mg/l)
(at hardness levels greater than or equal to 200 mg/l)
Note: Total hardness expressed as CaCO3.

0.056 g/l 0.0087 g/l
0.056 g/l 0.0087 g/l 0.002 g/l
0.0038 g/l 0.0036 g/l
0.0038 g/l 0.0036 g/l
1.3 g/l 3.2 g/l 7.7 g/l
5.6 g/l 0.08 g/l
0.012 g/l 0.025 g/l
88 g/l 160 g/l 280 g/l
8.3 g/l
2.1 g/l 7.9 g/l 0.014 g/l 0.014 g/l 0.014 g/l 0.014 g/l 0.014 g/l 0.014 g/l 0.014 g/l 300 g/l
5.0 g/l 71 g/l
0.0002 g/l
60 g/l 110 g/l 190 g/l

3-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

(b) Coastal and Marine Estuarine Waters

86 g/l

*The in-stream criterion is lower than the EPD laboratory detection limits.

**This pollutant is addressed in 391-3-6-.06.

(iii) Instream concentrations of the following chemical constituents listed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency as toxic priority pollutants pursuant to Section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Clean Water Act (as amended) shall not exceed criteria indicated below under annual average or higher stream flow conditions:

1. Acenaphthene 2. Acenaphthylene 3. Acrolein 4. Acrylonitrile 5. Aldrin 6. Anthracene 7. Antimony 8. Arsenic 9. Benzidine 10. Benzo(a)Anthracene 11. Benzo(a)Pyrene 12. 3,4-Benzofluoranthene 13. Benzene 14. Benzo(ghi)Perylene

**

**

780

g/l

0.665

g/l

0.000136

g/l

110000

g/l

4308

g/l

0.14

g/l

0.000535

g/l

0.0311

g/l

0.0311

g/l

0.0311

g/l

71.28

g/l

**

TABLE 3-3 (Continued)

15. Benzo(k)Fluoranthene

0.0311

g/l

16. Beryllium

**

17. a-BHC-Alpha

0.0131

g/l

18. b-BHC-Beta

0.046

g/l

19. Bis(2-Chloroethyl)Ether

1.42

g/l

20. Bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)Ether

170000

g/l

21. Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate

5.92

g/l

22. Bromoform (Tribromomethane)

360

g/l

23. Carbon Tetrachloride

4.42

g/l

24. Chlorobenzene

21000

g/l

25. Chlorodibromomethane

34

g/l

26. 2-Chloroethylvinyl Ether

**

27. Chlordane

0.000588

g/l

28. Chloroform (Trichloromethane)

470.8

g/l

29. 2-Chlorophenol

**

30. Chrysene

0.0311

g/l

31. Dibenzo(a,h)Anthracene

0.0311

g/l

32. Dichlorobromomethane

22

g/l

33. 1,2-Dichloroethane

98.6

g/l

34. 1,1-Dichloroethylene

3.2

g/l

35. 1,3-Dichloropropylene (Cis)

1700

g/l

36. 1,3-Dichloropropylene (Trans)

1700

g/l

37. 2,4-Dichlorophenol

790

g/l

38. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene

17000

g/l

39. 1,3-Dichlorobenzene

2600

g/l

40. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene

2600

g/l

41. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

0.077

g/l

42. 4,4'-DDT

0.00059

g/l

43. 4,4'-DDD

0.00084

g/l

44. 4,4'-DDE

0.00059

g/l

45. Dieldrin

0.000144

g/l

46. Diethyl Phthalate

120000

g/l

47. Dimethyl Phthalate

2900000

g/l

48. 2,4-Dimethylphenol

**

49. 2,4-Dinitrophenol

14264

g/l

50. Di-n-Butyl Phthalate

12100

g/l

51. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene

9.1

g/l

52. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine

0.54

g/l

53. Endrin Aldehyde

0.81

g/l

54. Endosulfan Sulfate

2.0

g/l

55. Ethylbenzene

28718

g/l

56. Fluoranthene

370

g/l

57. Fluorene

14000

g/l

58. Heptachlor

0.000214

g/l

59. Heptachlor Epoxide

0.00011

g/l

60. Hexachlorobenzene

0.00077

g/l

61. Hexachlorobutadiene

49.7

g/l

62. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

17000

g/l

63. Hexachloroethane

8.85

g/l

64. Indeno(1,2,3-cd)Pyrene

0.0311

g/l

65. Isophorone

600

g/l

66. Lindane [Hexachlorocyclohexane

(g-BHC-Gamma)]

0.0625

g/l

67. Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane) 4000

g/l

68. Methyl Chloride (Chloromethane) **

69. Methylene Chloride

**

70. 2-Methyl-4,6-Dinitrophenol

765

g/l

71. 3-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol

**

72. Nitrobenzene

1900

g/l

73. N-Nitrosodimethylamine

8.12

g/l

74. N-Nitrosodi-n-Propylamine

**

75. N-Nitrosodiphenylamine

16.2

g/l

76. PCB-1016

0.00045

g/l

77. PCB-1221

0.00045

g/l

78. PCB-1232

0.00045

g/l

79. PCB-1242

0.00045

g/l

80. PCB-1248

0.00045

g/l

81. PCB-1254

0.00045

g/l

82. PCB-1260

0.00045

g/l

83. Phenanthrene

**

84. Phenol

4,600,000

g/l

84. Pyrene

11,000

g/l

85. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

10.8

g/l

85. Tetrachloroethylene

8.85

g/l

87. Thallium

48

g/l

88. Toluene

200000

g/l

89. 1,2-Trans-Dichloroethylene

**

90. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane

41.99

g/l

91. Trichloroethylene

80.7

g/l

92. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

6.5

g/l

93. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

**

94. Vinyl Chloride

525

g/l

**These pollutants are addressed in 391-3-6-.06.

(iv) Site specific criteria for the following chemical constituents will be developed on an as-needed basis through toxic pollutant monitoring efforts at new or existing discharges that are suspected to be a source of the pollutant at levels sufficient to interfere with designated uses:

1.

Asbestos

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-5

(v) Instream concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) must not exceed 0.0000012 g/l under long-term average stream flow conditions.
(e) Applicable State and Federal requirements and regulations for the discharge of radioactive substances shall be met at all times.
In 1995, the Board of Natural Resources adopted additional water quality standards for West Point Lake. Additional standards for Lakes Jackson and Walter F. George were adopted in 1996. Standards were adopted for chlorophyll a, pH, total nitrogen, phosphorus, fecal coliform bacteria, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Also, standards for major tributary phosphorus loading were established. Water quality standards were adopted by the Board for Lakes Lanier and Allatoona in 2000. The standards for the five lakes are summarized in Table 3-4.
Water Quality Monitoring
Goals. The goal of the water protection program in Georgia is to effectively manage, regulate, and allocate the water resources of Georgia. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to monitor the water resources of the State to establish baseline and trend data, document existing conditions, study impacts of specific discharges, determine improvements resulting from upgraded water pollution control plants, support enforcement actions, establish wasteload allocations for new and existing facilities, develop TMDLs, verify water pollution control plant compliance, and document water use impairment and reasons for problems causing less than full support of designated water uses. Trend monitoring, intensive surveys, lake, estuary, biological, and toxic substance monitoring, aquatic toxicity testing, and facility compliance sampling are the major monitoring tools used by the GAEPD.
Trend Monitoring. Long term monitoring of streams at strategic locations throughout Georgia, trend or ambient monitoring, was initiated by the GAEPD during the late 1960s. This work was and continues to be accomplished to a large extent through cooperative agreements with federal, state, and local agencies who collect samples from groups of stations at specific, fixed locations throughout the year. The cooperating agencies conduct certain tests in the field and ship stream samples to the GAEPD or USGS laboratories for additional laboratory analyses. Although there have been a number of changes over the years, trend monitoring is still accomplished through similar cooperative agreements.
Today the GAEPD contracts with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for the majority of the trend sampling work, and with the Columbus Water Works for samples on the Chattahoochee below Columbus. In addition to monthly stream sampling, a portion of the work with the USGS involves continuous monitoring at several locations across the State. Automatic monitors which continuously record dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and conductivity data are located on the Chattahoochee and South Rivers downstream of Atlanta, the Conasauga River below Dalton, the Coosa River at the State line and the Ocmulgee River downstream of Macon.

3-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

In addition to work done by cooperative agreements, GAEPD associates collect samples monthly from locations on the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam to downstream of Atlanta at Georgia Highway 92. The trend monitoring network in place in 1994 is shown in Figure 3-1.

TABLE 3-4. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR MAJOR LAKES
(16) Specific Criteria for Lakes and Major Lake Tributaries. In addition to the general criteria, the following lake. specific criteria are deemed necessary and shall be required for the specific water usage as shown:

(a) West Point Lake: Those waters impounded by West Point Dam and downstream of U.S. 27 at Franklin.

(i) Chlorophyll a: For the months of April through October, the average of monthly photic zone composite samples shall not exceed 27 g/l at the LaGrange Water Intake.

(ii) pH: Within the range of 6.0 - 9.5.

(iii) Total Nitrogen: Not to exceed 4.0 mg/l as Nitrogen in the photic zone.

(iv) Phosphorus: Total lake loading shall not exceed 2.4 pounds per acre foot of lake volume per year.

(v) Fecal Coliform Bacteria:

1. U.S. 27 at Franklin to New River: Fecal coliform bacteria shall not exceed the Fishing criterion as presented in 391-3-6 .03(6)(c).

2. New River to West Point Dam: Fecal coliform bacteria shall not exceed the Recreation criterion as presented in 391-3-6-.03(6)(b).

(vi) Dissolved Oxygen: A daily average of 5.0 mg/l and no less than 4.0 mg/l at all times at the depth specified in 391-3-6-.03(5)(f).
(vii) Temperature: Not to exceed 90EF. At no time is the temperature of the receiving waters to be increased more than 5EF above intake temperature.

(viii) Major Lake Tributaries: For the following tributaries, the annual total phosphorus loading to West Point Lake shall not exceed the following:

1. Yellow Jacket Creek at Hammet Road:

2. New River at Hwy 100:

14,000 pounds.

3. Chattahoochee River at U.S. 27:

11,000 pounds. 1,400,000 pounds.

(b) Lake Walter F. George: Those waters impounded by Walter F. George Dam and upstream to Georgia Highway 39 near Omaha.

(i) Chlorophyll a: For the months of April through October, the average of monthly photic zone composite samples shall not exceed 18 ug/l at mid-river at U.S. Highway 82 or 15 ug/l at mid-river in the dam forebay.

(ii) pH: Within the range of 6.0-9.5 standard units.

(iii) Total Nitrogen: Not to exceed 3.0 mg/l as nitrogen in the photic zone.

(iv) Phosphorous: Total lake loading shall not exceed 2.4 pounds per acre-foot of lake volume per year.

(v) Fecal Coliform:

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-7

1. Georgia Highway 39 to Cowikee Creek: Fecal coliform bacteria shall not exceed the Fishing criterion as presented in 391-3-6-.03(6)(c)(iii).

2. Cowikee Creek to Walter F. George Dam: Fecal coliform bacteria shall not exceed the Recreation criterion as presented in 391-3-6-.03(6)(b)(I).

(vi) Dissolved Oxygen: A daily average of no less than 5.0 mg/l and no less than 4.0 mg/l at all times at the depth specified in 391-3-6-.03(5)(f).

(vii) Temperature: Water temperature shall not exceed the Recreation criterion as presented in 391-3-6-.03(6)(b)(iv).

(viii) Major Lake Tributary: The annual total phosphorous loading to Lake Walter F. George, monitored at the Chattahoochee River at Georgia Highway 39, shall not exceed 2,000,000 pounds.

(c) Lake Jackson: Those waters impounded by Lloyd Shoals Dam and upstream to Georgia Highway 36 on the South and Yellow Rivers, upstream to Newton Factory Bridge Road on the Alcovy River and upstream to Georgia Highway 36 on Tussahaw Creek.

(i) Chlorophyll a: For the months of April through October, the average of monthly mid-channel photic zone composite samples shall not exceed 20 ug/l at a location approximately 2 miles downstream of the confluence of the South and Yellow Rivers at the junction of Butts, Newton and Jasper Counties.

(ii) pH: Within the range of 6.0-9.5 standard units.

(iii) Total Nitrogen: Not to exceed 4.0 mg/l as nitrogen in the photic zone.

(iv) Phosphorous: Total lake loading shall not exceed 5.5 pounds per acre-foot of lake volume per year.

(v) Fecal Coliform: Fecal coliform bacteria shall not exceed the Recreation criterion as presented in 391-3-6.03(6)(b)(I).

(vi) Dissolved Oxygen: A daily average of 5.0 mg/l and no less than 4.0 mg/l at all times at the depth specified in 391-3-6-.03(5)(f).

(vii) Temperature: Water temperature shall not exceed the Recreation criterion as presented in 391-3-6-.03(6)(b)(iv).

(viii) Major Lake Tributaries: For the following major tributaries, the annual total phosphorous loading to Lake Jackson shall not exceed the following:

1. South River at Island Shoals: 2. Yellow River at Georgia Highway 212: 3. Alcovy River at Newton Factory Bridge Road: 4. Tussahaw Creek at Fincherville Road.:

179,000 pounds 116,000 pounds
55,000 pounds 7,000 pounds

(d) Lake Allatoona: Those waters impounded by Allatoona Dam and upstream to State Highway 5 on the Etowah River, State Highway 5 on Little River, the Lake Acworth dam, and the confluence of Little Allatoona Creek and Allatoona Creek. Other impounded tributaries to an elevation of 840 feet mean sea level corresponding to the normal pool elevation of Lake Allatoona.

(i) Chlorophyll a: For the months of April through October, the average monthly mid-channel photic zone composite samples shall not exceed the chlorophyl a concentrations at the locations listed below:

1. Upstream from the Dam 2. Allatoona creek upstream form I-75 3. Mid-Lake downstream from Kellogg Creek 4. Little River upstream from Highway 205 5. Etowah River upstream from Sweetwater Creek

10 Fg/l 10 Fg/l 10 Fg/l 15 Fg/l 12 Fg/l

3-8

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

(ii) pH: within the range of 6.0-9.5 standard uints

(iii) Total Nitrogen: Not to exceed 4 mg/l as nitrogen in the photic zone.

(iv) Phosphorous: Total lake loading shall not exceed 1.3 pounds per acre-foot of lake volume per year.

(v) Fecal Coliform:

1. Etowah River, State Highway 5 to State Highway 20: Fecal coliform bacteria shall not exceed the Fishing Criterion as presented in 391-3-6-.03(6)(c)(iii).

2. Etowah River, State Highway 20 to Allatoona Dam; Fecal coliform bacteria shall not exceed the Recreation criteria as presented in 391-3-6-.03(6)(b)(i).

(vi) Dissolved Oxygen: A daily average of 5.0 mg/l and no less than 4.0 mg/l at all times at the depth specified in 391-3-6-.03(5)(g).

(vii) Temperature:

1. Etwoah River, State Highway 5 to State Highway 20: Water temperature shall not exceed the Fishing criterion as presented in 391-3-6-.03(6)(b)(iv).

2. Etowah River State Highway 20 to Allatoona Dam: Water temperature shall not exceed the Recreation criterion as presentedi n 391-3-6-.03(6)(b)(iv).

(viii) Major Lake Tributaries: For the following major tributaries, the annual total phosphorous loading to Lake Allatoona shall not exceed the following:

1. Etowah River at State Highway 5 spur and 140, at the USGS gage 2. Little River at State Highway 5 (Highway 754) 3. Noonday Creek at North Rope Mill Road 4. Shoal Creek at State Highway 108 (Fincher Road)

340,000 lbs/yr 42,000 lbs/yr 38,000 lbs/yr 9,2000 lbs/yr

(e) Lake Sidney Lanier. Those waters impounded by Buford Dam and upstream to Belton Bridge Road on the Chattahoochee River, 0.6 miles downstream from State Road 400 on the Chestatee River, as well as other impounded tributaries to an elevation of 1070 feet mean sea level corresponding to the normal pool elevation of Lake Sidney Lanier.

(i) Chlorophyll a: For the months of April through October, the average of monthly mid-channel photic zone composite samples shall not exceed the chlorophyll a concentrations at the locations listed below:

1. Upstream from the Buford Dam forebay 2. Upstream from the Flowery Branch confluence 3. At Browns Bridge Road (State Road 369) 4. At Bolling Bridge (State Road 53) on Chestatee River 5. At Lanier Bridge (State Road 53) on Chattahoochee River

5 Fg/l 5 Fg/l 5 Fg/l 10 Fg/l 10 Fg/l

(ii) pH: Within the range of 6.0-9.5 standard units.

(iii) Total Nitrogen: Not to exceed 4 mg/l as nitrogen in the photic zone.

(iv) Phosphorous: Total lake loading shall not exceed 0.25 pounds per acre-foot of lake volume per year.

(v) Fecal Coliform: Fecal coliform bacteria shall not exceed the Recreation criterion as presented in 391-3-6.03(6)(b)(l).

(vi) Dissolved Oxygen: A daily average of 5.0 mg/l and no less than 4.0 mg/lk at all times at the depth specified in 391-3--6-.03(5)(g).

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-9

(vii) Temperature: Water temperature shall not exceed the Recreation criterion as presented in 391-3-6.03(6)(b)(iv).

(viii) Major Lake Tributaries: For the following major tributaries, the annual total phosphorous loading to Lake Sidney Lanier shall not exceed the following:

1. Chattahoochee River at Belton Bridge Road 2. Chestatee River at Georgia Highway 400 3. Flat Creek at McEver Road
FIGURE 3-1

178,000 pounds 118,000 pounds
14,400 pounds

GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK

STATION LOCATIONS 1994

3-10

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

FIGURE 3-2 GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK
STATION LOCATIONS 1995

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-11

FIGURE 3-3 GEORGIA TEND MONITORING NETWORK
STATION LOCATIONS 1996

3-12

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

FIGURE 3-4 GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK
STATION LOCATIONS 1997

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-13

FIGURE 3-5 GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK
STATION LOCATIONS 1998

3-14

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

FIGURE 3-6 GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK
STATION LOCATIONS 1999

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-15

trend monitoring network for 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999. The focus for trend monitoring in 1995, the GAEPD adopted and implemented significant changes to the strategy for trend monitoring in Georgia. The changes were implemented to support the River Basin Management Planning program described in

3-16

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Chapter 2. The number of fixed stations statewide was reduced in order to focus resources for sampling and analysis in a particular group of basins in any one year in accordance wiht the basin planning schedule. Figures 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5 and 3-6 show the redirected monitoring network. In 1995 the Chattahoochee and Flint River basins were the basins of focus. The focus for trend monitoring in 1996 was the Coosa, Oconee and Tallapoosa River basins. In 1997 the basins of monitoring focus were the Savannah and Ogeechee; in 1998 the Ochlockonee, Suwannee, Satilla, and the St. Marys; and in 1999 the Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Altamaha. Statewide trend monitoring was continued at the core station locations, in the Chattahoochee in the Atlanta and Columbus areas, and at all continuous monitoring locations. The remainder of the trend monitoring resources were devoted to the basins of focus each year. As a result, more sampling was conducted along the mainstem and in the smaller tributaries of each river. Increasing the resolution of the water quality monitoring will improve the opportunity to identify impaired waters as well as the causes of impairment. Figure 3-7 shows the trend monitoring stations for the period 19951999. Tables 3-5 and 3-6 provide a list of stations and parameters for the 1998 and 1999 trend monitoring network.
Intensive Surveys. Intensive surveys complement long term fixed station monitoring as these studies involve intensive monitoring of a particular issue or problem over a shorter period of time. Several basic types of intensive surveys are conducted including model calibration surveys and impact studies. The purpose of a model calibration survey is to collect data to calibrate a mathematical water quality model. Models are used for wasteload allocations and/or TMDLs and as tools for use in making regulatory decisions. Impact studies are conducted where information on the cause and effect relationships between pollutant sources and receiving waters is needed. In many cases biological information is collected along with chemical data for use in assessing environmental impacts.
In 1994-1996 intensive survey resources were focused on model calibration studies for the Chattahoochee River Modeling Project (CRMP). The CRMP provides a time-variable hydrodynamic and water quality model for the main stem of the Chattahoochee River from Buford Dam to the headwaters of West Point Lake at Franklin, Georgia. The model is a general-purpose model, capable of supporting regulatory decision making for a variety of water resource and water quality management issues into the 21st century. The project was coordinated in three phases. Phase I focused on project planning and implementation and covered the period from January 1993 to May 1994. Phase II included field data collection and involved work performed during August-October 1993, May-October 1994, May-October 1995, and continued on a reduced scale into 1996. Phase III comprises all model development activities including software development and testing, massive data handling and processing, main stem model calibration and verification, critical conditions assessment, and model preparation for critical period decision making. Phase III began in late 1994, and continues to present.
FIGURE 3-7 GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK
STATION LOCATIONS 1995-1999

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-17

TABLE 3-5. GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK 2000

STATION NUMBER

LOCATION

TYPE1 PARAMETERS2

01001001

Chattooga River at U.S. Highway 76 near Clayton, Georgia

C

Standard, S. Solids

01

St

01

St

02

St

03

St

03

St

04

St

04

St

04

St

04

St

04

St

05

St

05

St

05

St

06

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

07

St

08

St

3-18

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

STATION NUMBER
08004001 08008001 08008401 08008901 08009901 08010001 08010101 08010491 08011001 09000151 09000201 09000251 09000351 09000451 09001001 09001201 09001401 09001501 09001601 09002001 09002101 09002901 09004001 09004201 09004901 09005001 09005901 09006901 09007501 09010001 09010401 09010451 09010601 09010751 09010801 09010901 09011201 09011351 09011701 09011801 09012001 09013001 09013451 09013701 09018301 09019001 09019201 09019501 09019901 09027101 09028901 09029501

TABLE 3-5. GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK 2000

LOCATION

TYPE1 PARAMETERS2

North Prong Saint Marys River at State Road 121 Saint Marys River at State Road 94 at Saint George, Georgia Boone Creek at State Road 121 near Saint George, Georgia Corn House Creek at State Road 121 near Saint George, Georgia Spanish Creek at State Road 121 near Folkston, Georgia Saint Marys River - U.S. Highway 301 Saint Marys River Tributary at State Road 40 at Folkston, Georgia Horsepen Creek at County Road 55 (Greenville Road) Saint Marys River at U.S. Highway 17 near Gross, Florida Suwannee Creek at U.S. Highway 84 near Manor, Georgia Greasy Branch at County Road 473 near Waycross, Georgia Cane Creek at County Road 149 near Homerville, Georgia Surveyors Creek at County Road 204 near Homerville, Georgia Tatum Creek at U.S. Highway 441 near Homerville, Georgia Suwannee River - U.S. Highway 441 Suwannoochee Creek at U.S. Highway 84 at DuPont, Georgia Suwannoochee Creek at County Road 27 near Fargo, Georgia Toms Creek at County Road 36 near Needmore, Georgia Suwannoochee Creek at State Road 94 near Fargo, Georgia Alapaha River at State Road 112 near Rochelle, Georgia Mill Creek at State Road 112 near Rochelle, Georgia Double Run Creek at County Road 250 near Rebecca, Georgia West Fork Deep Creek at State Road 159 near Amboy, Georgia Deep Creek at County Road 250 near Rebecca, Georgia Big Creek at County Road 258 (Crystal Lake Road) Alapaha River at State Road 32 near Irwinville, Georgia Sand Creek at State Road 125 near Irwinville, Georgia Hat Creek at State Road 125 near Irwinville, Georgia Alapaha River at State Road 35 near Tifton, Georgia Alapaha River at State Road 50 near Alapaha, Georgia Turkey Branch at County Road 124 near Fitzgerald, Georgia Willacoochee River at State Road 32 near Ocilla, Georgia Reedy Creek at County Road 57 (Firecracker Road) Little Brushy Creek at County Road 63 (Harrell Road) Willacoochee River at U.S. Highway 82 Alapaha River at State Road 64 near Nashville, Georgia Tenmile Creek at State Road 64 near Lakeland, Georgia Fivemile Creek at State Road 64 near Lakeland, Georgia Alapaha River at U.S. Highway 84 near Naylor, Georgia Cow Creek at State Road 11 near Stockton, Georgia Alapaha River - Georgia Highway 94 Mud Creek at County Road 112 (Vann Road) near Valdosta, Georgia Grand Bay Creek at State Road 94 near Statenville, Georgia Alapahoochee River at State Road 135 near Statenville, Georgia New River - U.S. Highway 82 Near Tifton New River at County Road 252 near Lenox, Georgia New River at State Road 76 near Nashvillel, Georgia Hardy Mill Creek at County Road 230 (Sapps Lake Road) Withlacoochee River at State Road 76 near Nashville, Georgia Bear Creek at County Road 32 near Adel, Georgia Cat Creek at County Road 777 (Cat Creek Road) near Barretts, Withlacoochee River - McMillian Road Near Bemiss

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, Tannins + Lignins, COD, TKN

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-19

STATION NUMBER
09036001 09036101 09036301 09036601 09036701 09036801 09037201 09037401 09037501 09037551 09037701 09037901 09038201 09038401 09038751 09038801 09038981 09040001 09040201 09040301 09041601 09042001 09043001 09043701 09043901 09044501 10000501 10002001 10003001 10003901 10004501 10004901 10005001 10005501 10006801 10007901 10008201 10008901 10009601 10010001 10011001 10012001 10016301 10016401 10016601 10016901 10017001 10018001 10019001 10020001 10021001 10022001 11018001 11060001

TABLE 3-5. GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK 2000

LOCATION

TYPE1 PARAMETERS2

Withlacoochee River - Georgia Highway 94 Little River at State Road 112 near Ashburn, Georgia Little River at County Road 419 (Chula Road) near Chula, Georgia Little River at U.S. Highway 82 near Tifton, Georgia Little River at County Road 424 (Omega-Eldorado Road) Little River at County Road 246 (Kinard Bridge Road) Ty Ty Creek at U.S. Highway 82 at Ty Ty, Georgia Ty Ty Creek at County Road 486 (Ellenton-Omega Road) Warrior Creek at State Road 256 near Norman Park, Georgia Town Creek at County Road 169 near Sylvester, Georgia Horse Creek at County Road 178 near Gordy, Georgia Warrior Creek at County Road 486 (Ellenton-Omega Road) Bear Creek at County Road 170 near Moultrie, Georgia Indian Creek - FAS 1753 Near Berlin Morrison Creek at County Road 243 near Adel, Georgia Little River at S-1780 (Morven Road) near Hahira, Georgia Franks Creek at County Road 775 (Shiloh Road) Withlacoochee River - U.S. Highway 84 Okapilco Creek at County Road 182 (James Buckner Road) Okapilco Creek at County Road 121 near Moultrie, Georgia Mule Creek at County Road 274 near Barwick, Georgia Okapilco Creek - U.S. Highway 84 Piscola Creek at State Road 38 near Dixie, Georgia Negro Branch at County Road 125 near Quitman, Georgia Piscola Creek at State Road 33 below Quitman, Georgia Withlacoochee River at Clyattville-Nankin Road Ochlockonee River at County Road 411 near Bridgeboro, Georgia Ochlockonee River at State Road 133 near Moultrie, Georgia Ochlockonee River - FAS 1205 Near Moultrie Little Creek at County Road 480 (Lower Meigs Road) Bridge Creek at County Road 481 near Doerun, Georgia Bridge Creek at County Road 222 near Coolidge, Georgia Ochlockonee River at County Road 306 (Bee Line Road) Big Creek at State Road 35 near Coolidge, Georgia Little Ochlockonee River at County Road 228 (Coleman Road) Lost Creek at State Road 111 near Meigs, Georgia Big Creek at State Road 111 near Meigs, Georgia Little Ochlockonee River at State Road 188 Oquina Creek at County Road 138 (Old Cassidy Road) Ochlockonee River - U.S. Highway 84 East Branch Barnetts Creek at County Road 159 (McMillan Road) Barnetts Creek at U.S. Highway 84 near Thomasville, Georgia Tired Creek at State Road 111 near Cairo, Georgia Parkers Mill Creek at County Road 324 near Cairo, Georgia Little Tired Creek at County Road 324 near Cairo, Georgia Tired Creek at County Road 151 near Reno, Georgia Ochlockonee River at Hadley Ferry Road near Calvary Attapulgus Creek at U.S. Highway 27 near Attapulgus, Georgia Little Attapulgus Creek at State Road 241 near Attapulgus, Georgia Swamp Creek at U.S. Highway 27 near Attapulgus, Georgia Wards Creek at County Road 20 (Twelve Mile Post Road) Aucilla River at County Road 383 near Boston, Georgia Flint River - Georgia Highway 92 Flint River - Georgia Highways 26 and 49

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids

3-20

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

STATION NUMBER
11110001 12033201 12050001 12055001 12060001 12070001 12080001 12090001 12105001 12120001 12140001 12140501 12150001 12170001 12174301 12180001 12181601 12218001 12219001 12230001 13030001 14010051 14030001 14250001 14330001 14450001 14560001 15090001

TABLE 3-5. GEORGIA TREND MONITORING NETWORK 2000

LOCATION

TYPE1 PARAMETERS2

Flint River - 0.8 Mile Downstream from State Docks Dicks Creek at Forest Service Road 144-1 near Neel Gap, Georgia Chattahoochee River - Gwinnett County Water Intake Chattahoochee River - DeKalb County Water Intake Big Creek - Roswell Water Intake Chattahoochee River - Cobb County Water Intake Chattahoochee River - Atlanta Water Intake Peachtree Creek - Northside Drive in Atlanta Chattahoochee River - I-285 Upstream from Proctor Creek Sweetwater Creek - Interstate Highway 20 Chattahoochee River - Georgia Highway 92 Chattahoochee River - Capps Ferry Road Chattahoochee River - Georgia Highway 16 Chattahoochee River - U.S. Highway 27 New River at State Road 100 near Corinth, Georgia Chattahoochee River - LaGrange Water Intake Yellow Jacket Creek at Hammet Road near Hogansville, Georgia Chattahoochee River downstream from Oswichee Creek Chattahoochee River at Seaboard Railroad near Omaha, Georgia Chattahoochee River - Georgia Highway 91 Tallapoosa River at U.S. Highway 78 near Tallapoosa, Georgia Coosa River at U.S. Highway 76 near Dalton, Georgia Conasauga River at Tilton Bridge near Tilton, Georgia Oostanaula River at Rome Water Intake near Rome, Georgia Etowah River at FAS 829 near Euharlee, Georgia Coosa River at Georgia/Alabama State Line near Coosa, Georgia Chattooga River at FAS 1363 near Chattoogaville, Georgia West Chickamauga Creek at State Road 146 near Lakeview, Georgia

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

RC

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

RC

Standard, Color, TKN

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness, COD, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness, COD, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness, COD, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness, COD, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness

1There are three major types of stations: core(C), routine chemical (RC), and basin monitoring (BM).
2Standard parameters include gage height, air temperature, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, BOD5, pH, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite+nitrate, phosphorus, TOC, and fecal coliform bacteria.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-21

STATION NUMBER
01001001 01011001 01014001 02023001 03008001 03011001 03015001 03015301 03015401 03015501 03015601 03015701 03016001 03018901 03023501 03023601 03023951 03024001 03027001 03030481 03030701 03030801 03032001 03033001 03034901 03035001 03035401 03035601 03035851 03036201 03036301 03036401 03036701 03037001 03038401 03038451 03038681 03038701 03038781 03040101 03040501 03041101 03041301 03041501 03041601 03041701 03042001 03043401 03043801 03045001

TABLE 3-6. GEORGIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK 2001

LOCATION

TYPE1 PARAMETERS2

Chattooga River - U.S. Highway 76 Savannah River - 0.5 Mile Downstream from Spirit Creek Savannah River - Seaboard Coast Line Railway, North of Clyo Ogeechee River - Georgia Highway 24 North Oconee River at Georgia Highway 82 North Oconee River at State Highway 335 North Oconee River - Athens Water Intake W. Fork Trail Creek at U.S. 29 near Athens, Georgia East Fork Trail Creek Tributary at Olympic Drive Trail Creek at East Broad Street near Athens, Georgia Tanyard Creek at East Campus Drive near Athens, Georgia Carr Creek at Bailey Street near Athens, Georgia North Oconee River at Whitehall Road near Whitehall, Georgia E.T. Creek near Chicopee, Georgia Walnut Creek at Georgia Highway 332 near Winder, Georgia Allen Creek at Baker Road near Candler, Georgia Cedar Creek at State Road 211 near Winder, Georgia Mulberry River at Georgia Highway 11 near Winder, Georgia Middle Oconee River at Georgia Highway 82 Hunnicut Creek at Westchester Drive Brooklyn Branch at West Lake Drive Anne Court Branch at Old Will Hunter Road Middle Oconee River at U.S. Highway 441 Kingswood Branch at Kingswood Drive Cedar Creek at Barnett Shoals Drive Oconee River - FAS 1086 South of Athens Oconee River at Georgia Highway 15 Fishing Creek at Macedonia Road Town Creek at State Road 15 Apalachee River at State Road 11 Marburg Creek at Manning Gin Road Jacks Creek at Snows Mill Road (County Road 45) Apalachee River - Near Bostwick Apalachee River at State Road 24 near Apalachee, Georgia Little Sugar Creek at Kingston Road (County Road 127) Sugar Creek at Mount Zion Road (County Road 134) Richland Creek at Shelby Dreyer Road Town Creek at Old Covington Road County Road 39 Beaverdam Creek at Walkers Church Road (County Road 66) Rooty Creek at Martin Luther King Jr. Drive (County Road 90) Rooty Creek at County Road 89 near Eatonton, Georgia Little River at U.S. Highway 278 near Covington, Georgia Little River at Georgia Highway 83 near Godfrey, Georgia Big Indian Creek at Georgia Highway 83 Big Indian Creek at Hearn Road near Eatonton, Georgia Little River - Georgia Highway 16 Near Eatonton Little River Tributary 2 at Horton Drive (County Road 212) Murder Creek - FAS 777 Near Eatonton Big Cedar Creek at U.S. Highway 129 Oconee River - Milledgeville Water Intake

C

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

3-22

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

STATION NUMBER
03046001 03046501 03046601 03047001 03047301 03047401 03047501 03048701 03051001 03052001 03054531 03054581 03054601 03055001 03070001 03080001 03080201 03090001 04105001 04107001 04108001 04108301 04108601 04108701 04109201 04109401 04109801 04110601 04111001 04111701 04112101 04112151 04112201 04112401 04113001 04116001 04119001 04140001 04160001 04170001 04180001 04180501 04181001 04185501 04185601 04201001 04202001 04205001 04205201 04205501

TABLE 3-6. GEORGIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK 2001

LOCATION

TYPE1 PARAMETERS2

Oconee River - 1 Mile Downstream Central State Hospital Town Creek at Georgia Highway 24 near Milledgeville, Georgia Bluff Creek at Georgia Highway 272 near Oconee, Georgia Buffalo Creek at Georgia Highway 272 near Oconee, Georgia Little Commissioner Creek at Vinson Road (County Road 183) Commissioner Creek at Georgia Highway 112 Oconee River - Georgia Highway 57 Big Sandy Creek at State Road 112 near Toomsboro, Georgia Oconee River - Interstate Highway 16 Pughes Creek at State Road 199 near Dublin, Georgia Rocky Creek at State Road 257 near Dexter, Georgia Turkey Creek at Walker Dairy Road (County Road 338) Turkey Creek at U.S. Highway 441 near Dublin, Georgia Mercer Creek at State Road 199 near Soperton, Georgia Oconee River at Georgia Highway 46 near Soperton, Georgia Oconee River - U.S. Highway 280 Ochwalkee Creek at U.S. Highway 280 Oconee River at Bells Ferry Road near Uvalda, Georgia South River at Jonesboro Road at Atlanta, Georgia Intrenchment Creek at Bailey Street near Atlanta, Georgia South River - Bouldercrest Road Sugar Creek at Clifton Church Road near Atlanta, Georgia Doolittle Creek at Flat Shoals Road near Decatur, Georgia Doless Creek at Flat Shoals Road near Decatur, Georgia Shoal Creek at Rainbow Drive near Atlanta, Georgia Cobbs Creek at Rainbow Drive near Decatur, Georgia Conley Creek at River Road near Panthersville, Georgia Snapfingfer Creek at State Road 155 near Panthersville, Georgia South River - Georgia Highway 155 South River - Klondike Road McClain Branch at Troupe Smith Road near Conyers, Georgia Honey Creek at State Road 212 near Conyers, Georgia South River at State Road 20 near Kelleytown, Georgia Big Cotton Indian Creek at Stockbridge Road South River - Georgia Highway 81 at Snapping Shoals Almand Branch at State Road 138 near Conyers, Georgia Snapping Shoals Creek at Bethany Road near Oak Hill, Georgia South River at Island Shoals Road near Snapping Shoals Little Suwanee Creek at Russell Road near Lawrenceville Pew Creek at Patterson Road near Lawrenceville, Georgia Shetley Creek at Old Norcross Road near Norcross, Georgia Bromolow Creek at Shackelford Road near Norcross, Georgia Sweetwater Creek at U.S. Highway 29 near Luxomni, Georgia Camp Creek at Killian Hill Road near Lilburn, Georgia Jackson Creek at Arcado Road near Luxomni, Georgia Turkey Creek at Martin Nash Road near Snellville, Georgia Watson Creek at High Point Road near Snellville, Georgia Yellow River - Killian Hill Road Pounds Creek at Pucketts Drive near Lilburn, Georgia Jacks Creek at State Road 264 near Centerville, Georgia

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-23

STATION NUMBER
04206201 04206301 04207501 04208001 04210001 04210201 04211001 04212001 04213001 04214001 04220001 04221001 04222001 04223001 04224001 04227001 04250001 04310001 04350051 04450001 05005001 05005101 05005281 05005401 05005701 05006251 05007001 05007501 05010001 05011101 05011251 05011901 05013501 05013575 05013601 05015001 05015601 05016001 05016151 05016701 05016801 05017501 05017751 05018101 05018201 05019001 05019601 05021001 05023001 05025001

TABLE 3-6. GEORGIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK 2001

LOCATION

TYPE1 PARAMETERS2

Stone Mountain Creek at Silver Hill Road Little Stone Mountain Creek at Old Stone Mountain Road No Business Creek at Lee Road near Snellville, Georgia Swift Creek at Conyers Street near Lithonia, Georgia Yellow River - Conyers Water Intake Boar Tusk Branch at State Road 20 at Milstead, Georgia Brushy Creek at Rock Bridge Road near Rosebud, Georgia Big Haynes Creek at State Road 20 near Conyers, Georgia Big Haynes Creek at State Road 138 near Conyers, Georgia Little Haynes Creek at State Road 138 near Conyers, Georgia Yellow River - Georgia Highway 212 Hopkins Creek at Stanley Road near Dacula, Georgia Shoal Creek at Bramlett Shoals Road Cedar Creek at Luke Edwards Road near Dacula, Georgia Alcovy River at State Road 81 near Loganville, Georgia Big Flat Creek at U.S. Highway 78 near Loganville, Georgia Ocmulgee River - 1.1 Mi Downstream From Yellow and South Alcovy River - Newton Factory Bridge Road Jackson Lake at confluence of Alcovy R. & Yellow/South River Br Tussahaw Creek at Fincherville Road near Stark, Georgia Ocmulgee River - Georgia Highway 16 Yellow Water Creek at State Road 16 near Jackson, Georgia Wise Creek at Concord Road (County Road 141) Town Branch at James Moore Drive (County Road 262) Big Sandy Creek at State Road 87 near Sandy, Georgia Cabin Creek at State Road 16 near Griffin, Georgia Towaliga River - Georgia Highway 83 Falling Creek - FAS 1640 Near East Juliet Ocmulgee River - Macon Water Intake Walnut Creek at McKay Road (County Road 11) Walnut Creek at U.S. Highway 80 near Macon, Georgia Tobesofkee Creek at Parks Road near Forsyth, Georgia Rocky Creek at Log Cabin Drive near Macon, Georgia Rocky Creek at Rocky Creek Road near Macon, Georgia Tobesofkee Creek - U.S. Highways 41 and 129 Ocmulgee River - 6.0 Miles Downstream from Tobesofkee Creek Horse Creek at Warner Robins, Georgia Ocmulgee River - Georgia Highway 96 Shellstone Creek at Reddog Farm Road (County Road 219) Bay Creek at State Road 96 near Fort Valley, Georgia Bay Creek at U.S. Highway 341 near Perry, Georgia Big Indian Creek at State Road 247 near Kathleen, Georgia Limestone Creek at State Road 27 near Hawkinsville, Georgia Big Creek at U.S. Highway 129 near Hawkinsville, Georgia Bluff Creek at U.S. Highway 129 near Finleyson, Georgia Ocmulgee River - U.S. Highway 280 House Creek at Sea Graves Road near Forest Glen, Georgia Ocmulgee River at U.S. Highway 441 near Jacksonville, Georgia Big Horse Creek at State Road 117 near Lumber City, Georgia Ocmulgee River - U.S. Highway 341 at Lumber City

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids, TKN

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids

3-24

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

STATION NUMBER
05025501 05040001 05060001 05070001 05100001 05101001 05101501 06005501 06006001 06006201 06006301 06006501 06006601 06006701 06006901 06007001 06007201 06007401 06008001 06008501 06009001 06009201 06009301 06009401 06009501 06009701 06010001 06010201 06010401 06010501 06011001 06011201 06011301 06011501 06011701 06011901 06014001 06016001 06016101 06016501 06016801 06017001 07005801 07021001 09001001 09045001 10017001 11018001 11060001 11100001

TABLE 3-6. GEORGIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK 2001

LOCATION

TYPE1 PARAMETERS2

Gum Swamp Creek at State Road 126 near Cochran, Georgia Gum Swamp Creek - Georgia Highway 117 Little Ocmulgee River at State Road 134 near Towns, Georgia Alligator Creek at State Road 46 near McRae, Georgia Alligator Creek at State Road 134 near Alamo, Georgia Turnpike Creek at Cedar Park Dowdyville Road Sugar Creek at State Road 27 near Lumber City, Georgia Milligan Creek at Old River Road (County Road 1125) Altamaha River - U.S. Highway 1 Oconee Creek at Vidalia Road (County Road 78) Cobb Creek at State Road 147 near Reidsville, Georgia Ohoopee River at Harts Ford Road (County Road 239) Big Cedar Creek at Liberty Church Road (County Road 175) Ohoopee River at U.S. Highway 80 near Adrian, Georgia Little Ohoopee River at Pleasant Hill Church Road Little Ohoopee River at State Road 57 near Kite, Georgia Little Ohoopee River at State Road 56 near Covena, Georgia Ohoopee River at State Road 297 near Swainsboro, Georgia Yam Grandy Creek at Levilligar Pond Road (County Road 198) Jacks Creek at State Road 46 near Stillmore, Gerogia Ohoopee River at State Road 292 near Lyons, Georgia Pendleton Creek at U.S. Highway 221 near Soperton, Georgia Pendleton Creek at Blackston Road near Normantown, Georgia Tiger Creek at Victory Drive near Normantown, Georgia Swift Creek at State Road 152 near Lyons, Georgia Pendleton Creek at State Road 86 near Ohoopee, Georgia Ohoopee River - Georgia Highway 56 Rocky Creek at State Road 4 near Lyons, Georgia Rocky Creek at Todd Brothers Road (County Road 180) Thomas Creek at Lester Durrence Road (County Road 259) Ohoopee River at State Road 178 near Glennville, Georgia Ten Mile Creek at Ten Mile Road (S603) near Baxley, Georgia Altamaha River at State Road 121 near Surrency, Georgia Beards Creek at State Road 23 near Glennville, Georgia Goose Creek at Woods Road (County Road 30) Jones Creek at U.S. Highway 25 near Ludowici, Georgia Altamaha River - U.S. Highway 301 Altamaha River - 6.0 Miles Downstream From Doctortown Doctors Creek at State Road 99 near Ludowici, Georgia Penholoway Creek at U.S. 341 near Jesup, Georgia Alex Creek at River Road near Mount Pleasant, Georgia Altamaha River - Seaboard Railway at Everett Brunswick River - U.S. Highway 17 Satilla River - Georgia Highways 15 and 121 Suwannee River - U.S. Highway 441 Withlacoochee River - Georgia Highway 31 Ochlocknee River - Bridge 3.2 Miles North of State Line Flint River - Georgia Highway 92 Flint River - Georgia Highways 26 and 49 Flint River - Plant Mitchell Intake

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, Tannins+Lignins, COD, TKN

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

BM

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, Tannins+Lignins, COD, TKN

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

RC

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-25

STATION NUMBER
11110001 12033201 12050001 12055001 12060001 12070001 12080001 12090001 12105001 12120001 12140001 12140501 12150001 12170001 12174301 12180001 12181601 12218001 12219001 12230001 13030001 14010001 14030001 14250001 14330001 14450001 14560001 15090001

TABLE 3-6. GEORGIA WATER QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK 2001

LOCATION

TYPE1 PARAMETERS2

Flint River - 0.8 Mile Downstream from State Docks Dicks Creek - Forest Service Road 144-1 Chattahoochee River - Gwinnett County Water Intake Chattahoochee River - DeKalb County Water Intake Big Creek - Roswell Water Intake Chattahoochee River - Cobb County Water Intake Chattahoochee River - Atlanta Water Intake Peachtree Creek - Northside Drive in Atlanta Chattahoochee River - I-285 Upstream from Proctor Creek Sweetwater Creek - Interstate Highway 20 Chattahoochee River - Georgia Highway 92 Chattahoochee River - Capps Ferry Road Chattahoochee River - Georgia Highway 16 Chattahoochee River - U.S. Highway 27 New River at State Road 100 near Corinth Chattahoochee River - LaGrange Water Intake Yellow Jacket Creek at Hammet Road Chattahoochee River - Downstream Oswichee Creek Chattahoochee River at Spur 39 near Omaha, Georgia Chattahoochee River - Georgia Highway 91 Tallapoosa River at U.S. Highway 78 near Tallapoosa, Georgia Conasauga River - Dalton Water Intake Conasauga River - Tilton Bridge Near Tilton Oostanaula River - Rome Water Intake Etowah River - FAS 829 North of Euharlee Coosa River - Georgia/Alabama State Line Monitor Chattooga River - FAS 1363 Near Chattoogaville West Chickamauga Creek - Georgia Highway 146

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

RC

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids, COD, TKN

RC

Standard, Color, TKN

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

RC

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, S. Solids

C

Standard, Color, S. Solids, COD, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness, COD, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness, COD, TKN

C

Standard, S. Solids, Hardness

1There are three major types of stations: core(C), routine chemical (RC), and basin monitoring (BM).
2Standard parameters include gage height, air temperature, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, BOD5, pH, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite+nitrate, phosphorus, TOC, and fecal coliform bacteria.

A companion effort, called the Chattahoochee Stormwater Project, began in April 1994 to develop lumped stormwater management models (SWMM models) for forty-seven tributary watersheds in the Chattahoochee study area. These stormwater models will be used to estimate wet weather loadings to the river during mainstem model calibration for the 1994 data year, and verification for the 1995 data year. These models will also be used in the future to estimate stormwater impacts on the river during the analysis of specific issues that require regulatory decisions.
Phase I, project planning and implementation was completed in May 1994. The Phase I work was summarized in two reports, Phase I Final Report, Issue Analysis and Model Selection, May 1994, and Field Study Plan, Part I: Purposes and Guiding Principles, February, 1994. The Phase I report summarized the work done through public participation to identify the major issues to be addressed by the

3-26

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

model over the next two decades and the work done to select the model to be used to address the priority issues. The field study plan report summarized the monitoring efforts necessary to collect data for model calibration and verification.
The field work involved multiple intensive survey efforts carried out over six month periods May-October, in 1994 and 1995 and continued in 1996 at a smaller scale. The field work was divided into modules and carried out as individual intensive studies. Modules were established for tributary sampling, mainstem river sampling, continuous monitoring, photosynthesis and respiration measurements, time series BOD sampling, water pollution control plant sampling, Chattahoochee River/West Point Lake transition sampling, flow monitoring, temperature monitoring and bottom characterization. For the tributary and mainstream river sampling modules alone more than 3000 samples were collected and analyzed in GAEPD laboratories.
This project has been conducted in partnership, both technically and financially with other water resource agencies. Partners include the USEPA, the USGS, the local governments in the Atlanta Regional Commission, the National Park Service, the Corps of Engineers, the Waterways Experiment Station, Georgia Power Company, local government water pollution control plant, drinking water and stormwater utility personnel, as well as the multiple agency, environmental group, and individual input that was received during the issue identification work in Phase I of the project. Project cash contributions by the partners and the GAEPD total to more than $2,000,000 with an equal amount estimated in GAEPD field, laboratory, and modeling work for an estimated total project cost in excess of $4,000,000.
The GAEPD conducted intensive survey work for the West Point Lake Model Calibration Study in 1996 and 1997. The study was designed to collect data for use in calibration of a model being developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). Work conducted in 1997 was expanded over that done in 1996. In addition to the monthly lake monitoring at seven stations, six tributary stations were established where bimonthly monitoring occurred at five, and weekly monitoring occurred at one, the Chattahoochee River at Franklin. Also, an in-lake continuous monitor was established for dissolved oxygen continuous monitoring for one week per month. The project involved water quality sampling and in situ data collection from up to 5 defined depth zones for chemical parameters and three depths within the photic zone for chlorophyll a at the seven lake stations, monthly from May-September, 1997.
The GAEPD conducted intensive survey work for the Lake Allatoona Model Calibration Study in 1996 and 1997. The study was designed to collect designed to collect data for use in calibration of a model of the lake being developed by the COE. Work conducted in 1997 was expanded over that done in 1996. In addition to the monthly lake monitoring at seven stations, six tributary stations were established where bimonthly monitoring occurred at five, and weekly monitoring occurred at one, the Etowah River. Also, an in-lake continuous monitor was established for dissolved oxygen continuous monitoring for one week per month. The project involved water quality sampling and in situ data collection from up to five defined depth zones for chemical parameters and three depths within the photic zone for chlorophyll a at the seven lake stations, monthly from May-September, 1997.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-27

Lake Monitoring. The GAEPD has maintained monitoring programs for Georgia's public access lakes for many years. In the late 1960's, lake water quality studies were conducted on Lake Lanier and Jackson Lake. Also at that time a comprehensive statewide study was conducted to assess fecal coliform levels at public beaches on major lakes in Georgia as the basis for water use classifications and establishment of water quality standards for recreational waters. In 1972, GAEPD staff participated in the USEPA National Eutrophication Survey which included fourteen lakes in Georgia. A post-impoundment study was conducted for West Point Lake in 1974. Additional lake monitoring continued through the 1970s. The focus of these studies was primarily problem/solution oriented and served as the basis for regulatory decisions. Georgia's water quality monitoring network has collected long term data from sites in four major lakes including Lake Lanier, West Point Lake, Lake Harding, and Jackson Lake.
In 1980-1981, the GAEPD conducted a statewide survey of public access freshwater lakes. The study was funded in part by USEPA Clean Lakes Program funds. The survey objectives were to identify freshwater lakes with public access, assess each lake's trophic condition, and develop a priority listing of lakes as to need for restoration and/or protection. In the course of the survey, data and information were collected on 175 identified lakes in 340 sampling trips. The data collected included depth profiles for dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and specific conductance, Secchi disk transparency, and chemical analyses for chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, nitrogen compounds, and turbidity. The three measures of Carlson's Trophic State Index were combined into a single trophic state index (TTSI) and used with other field data and observations to assess the trophic condition of each lake and to establish categories of lakes relative to need for restoration and/or protection. Eight lakes were determined to have the a need for restoration and/or protection (Category A), twenty-eight lakes were found to have moderate need for protection (Category B), and one hundred twenty-seven lakes were found to have few water quality problems (Category C).
Monitoring efforts have continued since the 1980-1981 Lake Classification Survey with a focus on Category A lakes and major lakes (those with a surface area greater than 500 acres). Five lakes (Hillsboro Lake, Floyd State Park Upper and Lower Lakes, Rome City Park Pond, and Heath Park Lake) were removed from Category A and placed in Category B in 1984. Even though their trophic condition remained unchanged, the lake management authorities for these lakes indicated no conflict between the lake condition and intended uses. Three lakes remained as Category A lakes: Jackson Lake, High Falls Lake, and Williams Public Fishing Area Lake. Point source nutrient reduction has been implemented in the Jackson Lake and High Falls Lake watersheds and these lakes have been changed to Category B. Williams Public Fishing Area Lake was drained in the early 1990s due to problems with the dam and there are no plans to fill the lake.
Since the initial effort to identify and sample all publicly owned/public access lakes in 1980-1981, additional publicly owned/ public access lakes have been identified. Many of these have been purchased through the state land acquisition program, others including drinking water reservoirs have been built in the last ten years, some lakes previously closed to the public have since allowed public access, and still others were missed in the classification study. At the current time, 350 publicly owned/public access lakes and ponds have been identified.

3-28

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

The monitoring of major lakes (> 500 acres) since 1984 has continued to use the TTSI as a tool to mark trophic state trends. The major lakes are listed in Table 3-7 are ranked according to the TTSI for the period 1984-1993. Greater emphasis has been placed on those lakes with consistently higher rankings. Sixteen of the lakes were sampled more intensively in 1989. This sampling was partially funded by a Clean Lakes Program Assessment Grant. Work on major lakes is now conducted as a part of the river basin planning process. In addition, monitoring is conducted each year on lakes West Point, Jackson, Walter F. George, Lanier and Allatoona to assess compliance with lake specific water quality standards.
A Clean Lakes Phase I Diagnostic/ Feasibility study was conducted for Jackson Lake in 1989 and 1990. This study documented reductions in phosphorus loading. Despite this, the lake remains nutrient sensitive. Consequently, it was recommended that the total phosphorus loading from all sources be held constant or reduced. This study also documented an approximate 40% reservoir storage loss since inundation in 1910 due to sedimentation. Since sedimentation in the upper reaches of the lake interferes with recreation, sediment removal was offered as a management option.
A joint GAEPD-USEPA study of West Point Lake was conducted in 1987-1988. Sufficient data were available at the end of 1988 for the GAEPD to document nutrient problems and implement a control strategy. Because the nutrient loading was point source dominated, all major point sources were directed to reduce total phosphorus to 0.75 mg/l by 1992 with a 50% reduction by the middle of 1990. The phosphorus reduction process was aided in the 1990 when the Georgia General Assembly adopted legislation for a statewide ban on high phosphate detergents. This action along with the implementation of phosphorus reduction at the majority of the major metropolitan Atlanta water pollution control plants has resulted in a significant reduction in phosphorus reaching West Point Lake.
In 1991, a major effort to further delineate West Point Lake trophic status and trophic dynamics was initiated. A multi-year Clean Lakes Phase I Study was conducted jointly by LaGrange College and Auburn University with a fish health assessment task being accomplished by the University of Georgia. The study was completed in 1994. Data from this study indicated that West Point Lake remains nutrient sensitive.
In March 1990, the Georgia General Assembly passed Senate Bill 714 which mandated the State conduct comprehensive studies of publicly owned lakes (in excess of 1000 acres) and develop water quality standards for pH, fecal coliform bacteria, chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus loading, and epilimnion dissolved oxygen. The Bill also requires that nutrient limits be established for major tributary streams to the lakes. The Bill mandated that comprehensive studies of Lake Lanier, Lake Walter F. George and West Point Lake be initiated in 1990 and three additional studies be performed each subsequent year on the remaining lakes of 1,500 acres or more, providing funds were available.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-29

TABLE 3-7. MAJOR LAKES RANKED BY SUM OF TROPHIC STATE INDEX VALUES
1980-1993

1984
High Falls . . . . 205 Jackson . . . . . . 187 Harding . . . . . . 181 Seminole . . . . . 179 Blackshear . . . 177 Sinclair . . . . . . 173 Oliver . . . . . . . 170 WF George . . . 168 Worth . . . . . . . 167 Carters . . . . . . 161 Goat Rock . . . . 159 Banks . . . . . . . 158 Nottely . . . . . . 157 West Point . . . 156 Tobesofkee . . . 156 Russell . . . . . . 155 Oconee . . . . . . 154 Chatuge . . . . . 147 Clarks Hill . . . 144 Tugaloo . . . . . 141 Lanier . . . . . . . 138 Rabun . . . . . . . 136 Allatoona . . . . 135 Juliette . . . . . . 134 Burton . . . . . . 125 Hartwell . . . . . 122 Blue Ridge . . . 120

1985
Sinclair . . . . . . . 188 Seminole . . . . . . 184 Blackshear . . . . . 181 Worth . . . . . . . . 177 Jackson . . . . . . . 172 Harding . . . . . . . 171 Oconee . . . . . . . 169 High Falls . . . . . 168 WF George . . . . 161 Oliver . . . . . . . . 161 West Point . . . . . 157 Goat Rock . . . . . 155 Tobesofkee . . . . 152 Nottely . . . . . . . 148 Chatuge . . . . . . . 145 Tugaloo . . . . . . . 144 Allatoona . . . . . 136 Banks . . . . . . . . 135 Carters . . . . . . . . 134 Blue Ridge . . . . 125 Juliette . . . . . . . . 125 Lanier . . . . . . . . 123 Clarks Hill . . . . . 123 Rabun . . . . . . . . 122 Russell . . . . . . . 122 Burton . . . . . . . . 121 Hartwell . . . . . . 116

1986

1987

1988

Harding . . . . . . . 177 Oliver . . . . . . . . . 176 Seminole . . . . . . 175 Goat Rock . . . . . 171 Jackson . . . . . . . 170 Worth . . . . . . . . . 164 High Falls . . . . . 163 WF George . . . . 162 Blackshear . . . . . 162 Oconee . . . . . . . . 161 West Point . . . . . 160 Allatoona . . . . . . 157 Tobesofkee . . . . 155 Sinclair . . . . . . . 152 Tugaloo . . . . . . . 148 Chatuge . . . . . . . 147 Carters . . . . . . . . 144 Nottely . . . . . . . . 142 Banks . . . . . . . . . 140 Juliette . . . . . . . . 135 Russell . . . . . . . . 131 Lanier . . . . . . . . 128 Clarks Hill . . . . . 123 Hartwell . . . . . . . 121 Blue Ridge . . . . . 119 Rabun . . . . . . . . 117 Burton . . . . . . . . 114

Harding . . . . . . . . 184 Oliver . . . . . . . . . . 177 Goat Rock . . . . . . 174 Jackson . . . . . . . . . 170 Worth . . . . . . . . . . 167 Blackshear . . . . . <167 Carters . . . . . . . . . 166 Tugaloo . . . . . . . . 166 Seminole . . . . . . <160 High Falls . . . . . . . 157 Banks . . . . . . . . . <157 West Point . . . . . <156 Sinclair . . . . . . . . <154 Clarks Hill . . . . . . 151 Tobesofkee . . . . . <146 Oconee . . . . . . . . <145 Allatoona . . . . . . <143 WF George . . . . . <141 Nottely . . . . . . . . <137 Russell . . . . . . . . <133 Chatuge . . . . . . . <132 Rabun . . . . . . . . . <130 Hartwell . . . . . . . <126 Lanier . . . . . . . . . <123 Burton . . . . . . . . <119 Blue Ridge . . . . . <117 Juliette . . . . . . . . <108

Harding . . . . 178 High Falls . . 177 Blackshear . 177 Seminole . . . 174 Goat Rock . . 173 Oliver . . . . . 171 Banks . . . . . 169 West Point . 169 WF George . 168 Oconee . . . . 164 Worth . . . . . 164 Jackson . . . <158 Sinclair . . . <152 Tobesofkee <151 Russell . . . <145 Allatoona . <141 Chatuge . . . . 139 Tugaloo . . . <133 Lanier . . . . <132 Nottely . . . <132 Carters . . . <127 Juliette . . . <123 Burton . . . . <120 Blue Ridge <119 Clarks Hill <118 Hartwell . . <114 Rabun . . . . . 111

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

Blackshear . . . 209 WF George . . . 192 Harding . . . . . . 191 High Falls . . . . 191 Jackson . . . . . . 188 Oliver . . . . . . . 184 Tobesofkee . . . 180 Goat Rock . . . . 179 Carters . . . . . . 179 Seminole . . . . . 174 Allatoona . . . . 171 Worth . . . . . . . 170 Sinclair . . . . . . 169 Banks . . . . . . . 166 Oconee . . . . . . 165 West Point . . . 164 Nottely . . . . . . 158 Tugaloo . . . . . 156 Russell . . . . . . 156 Clarks Hill . . . 153 Chatuge . . . . . 151 Juliette . . . . . . 141 Hartwell . . . . . 138 Blue Ridge . . . 133 Rabun . . . . . . . 128 Lanier . . . . . . <128 Burton . . . . . . 123

Sinclair . . . . . . . 182 Blackshear . . . . . 178 Oliver . . . . . . . . 177 Harding . . . . . . . 174 Tobesofkee . . . . 173 Jackson . . . . . . . 168 Goat Rock . . . . . 167 Oconee . . . . . . . 166 Worth . . . . . . . . 163 Chatuge . . . . . . . 161 Tugaloo . . . . . . . 161 High Falls . . . . . 159 Seminole . . . . . . 154 Allatoona . . . . . 146 WF George . . . . 145 Clarks Hill . . . . . 145 Rabun . . . . . . . . 142 West Point . . . . . 141 Burton . . . . . . . . 138 Hartwell . . . . . . 136 Blue Ridge . . . . 135 Nottely . . . . . . . 132 Juliette . . . . . . . . 132 Russell . . . . . . . 128 Lanier . . . . . . . . 126 Banks . . . . . . . <122 Carters . . . . . . . . 118

Blackshear . . . . . 193 High Falls . . . . . 190 Harding . . . . . . . 185 Seminole . . . . . . 181 Worth . . . . . . . . . 176 Goat Rock . . . . . 174 WF George . . . . 172 West Point . . . . . 171 Allatoona . . . . . . 167 Banks . . . . . . . . . 164 Jackson . . . . . . . 162 Oconee . . . . . . . . 161 Oliver . . . . . . . . . 157 Sinclair . . . . . . . 150 Tobesofkee . . . . 149 Clarks Hill . . . . . 146 Russell . . . . . . . . 141 Nottely . . . . . . . . 141 Chatuge . . . . . . . 138 Blue Ridge . . . . . 136 Carters . . . . . . . . 135 Juliette . . . . . . . . 133 Tugaloo . . . . . . . 133 Hartwell . . . . . . . 132 Burton . . . . . . . . 130 Rabun . . . . . . . . 122 Lanier . . . . . . . . 121

High Falls . . . . . . . 194 Seminole . . . . . . . 183 WF George . . . . . . 181 Tobesofkee . . . . . . 176 Blackshear . . . . . . 176 Goat Rock . . . . . . 173 Sinclair . . . . . . . . . 172 Oliver . . . . . . . . . . 168 Harding . . . . . . . . 166 Jackson . . . . . . . . . 166 Oconee . . . . . . . . . 163 West Point . . . . . . 163 Nottely . . . . . . . . . 161 Tugaloo . . . . . . . . 157 Worth . . . . . . . . . . 157 Banks . . . . . . . . . . 156 Allatoona . . . . . . . 156 Chatuge . . . . . . . . 155 Burton . . . . . . . . . 149 Russell . . . . . . . . . 147 Carters . . . . . . . . . 143 Rabun . . . . . . . . . . 143 Blue Ridge . . . . . . 141 Hartwell . . . . . . . . 138 Lanier . . . . . . . . . . 138 Clarks Hill . . . . . . 131 Juliette . . . . . . . . . 131

High Falls . . 195 Blackshear . 185 Seminole . . . 175 Goat Rock . . 173 Jackson . . . . 173 Sinclair . . . . 172 Worth . . . . . 172 Oconee . . . . 172 Harding . . . . 170 Oliver . . . . . 170 Tobesofkee . 169 WF George . 169 West Point . 163 Allatoona . . 158 Russell . . . . 156 Carters . . . . 154 Banks . . . . . 154 Clarks Hill . 153 Hartwell . . . 146 Nottely . . . . 145 Chatuge . . . . 145 Burton . . . . . 145 Tugaloo . . . . 143 Blue Ridge . 140 Rabun . . . . . 140 Juliette . . . . 136 Lanier . . . . . 122

3-30

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

In March 1990, the GAEPD applied to and received from the USEPA Clean Lakes Phase I funds to be used to initiate studies of Lakes Lanier, Walter F. George, and West Point. Studies were begun in late 1990 and early 1991. Subsequently, EPD applied for funding for Lakes Allatoona and Blackshear. These were funded and sampling was initiated in April, 1992. Supplemental funding was awarded by Congress for the Lake Allatoona and Lake Lanier Phase I studies. Reports on these studies was completed in 1999. The GAEPD applied for Clean Lakes funds to conduct a Phase I Diagnostic-Feasibility study for Carters Lake in 1995. The application was approved and the field work for the Carters Lake project was completed in 1998. The Carters lake Phase I Diagnostic Feasibility Report was completed in 2000.
A Lake Walter F. George Phase I Diagnostic/Feasibility study was conducted by the GAEPD in 1990 and 1991. In 1992 and 1993, the work was continued by the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) and Auburn University. These studies found the lake in relatively good condition. No water use (i.e. recreation or fishing) impacts were documented. The trophic status was documented as eutrophic (characterized by an accumulation of nutrients that support elevated algal productivity without the problems associated with hypereutrophic overproduction). Therefore, the management of nutrient loading, particularly phosphorus, is an important longterm objective in maintaining the water quality of Lake Walter F. George. The Lake Walter F. George Phase I Diagnostic Feasibility Study Report was submitted to and approved by the USEPA in 1997.
The West Point Lake Clean Lakes study was completed in 1994 and the GAEPD proposed water quality standards for the lake which, after public review, were adopted by the Board of Natural Resources in 1995. The lake water quality standards for Walter F. George and Jackson Lakes were proposed and adopted by the Board of Natural Reosurces in October, 1996. The Clean Lakes studies for Lakes Allatoona and Lanier, conducted by Kennesaw State College and the University of Georgia, respectively, were completed in 1999 and water quality standards adopted by the Board of Natural Resources in 2000.
In 2000 and 2001, lake standards monitoring was conducted April through October, at the specified lake locations on West Point Lake, Jackson and Walter F. George in accordance with the lakes standards law. In addition, tributary sampling was conducted monthly. In addition to monitoring for the required parameters of chlorophyll a, pH, total nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliform bacteria, water quality profile data were collected at each lake monitoring station.
Fish Tissue Monitoring. The DNR fish tissue monitoring and consumption guidelines program is described in Chapter 6. This assessment project is focused on fish tissue sampling and analyses, risk-based data assessment, and annual publication of consumption guidance in Georgia's Freshwater & Saltwater Sport Fishing Regulations and in Guidelines for Eating Fish from Georgia Waters. Fish tissue samples are collected in the fall from Georgia lakes and rivers, and analyzed in the winter and spring. Site-specific sampling in Georgia estuaries occurs between the spring and fall on a case specific basis. The sampling is conducted by either the GADNR Wildlife Resources Division (WRD), or the Coastal Resources Division (CRD), depending on whether the site is freshwater (WRD), or estuarine/marine waters (CRD). Samples are catalogued and transported to GAEPD or University of Georgia laboratories and results are reported

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-31

to the GAEPD the following late summer or early fall. The data are assessed in the fall and winter and consumption guidance is updated each spring. The initial risk-based consumption guidance was published by the DNR in 1995.
In the fall of 1996 sampling included areas of the Coosa, Oconee, and Tallapoosa River basins. During the summer of 1996 special site-specific sampling was conducted in Terry and Dupree Creeks in the Brunswick area. Laboratory testing and data assessment were completed in 1997 and results published in 1998 Guidelines for Eating Fish From Georgia Waters and Georgia's 1997-1998 Freshwater and Saltwater Sport Fishing Regulations in March, 1998. Sampling in the fall of 1997 focused on the Savannah and Ogeechee River Basins, in 1998 focus was on the Ochlockonee, Suwannee, Satilla, and St. Marys and in 1999 focus was on the Oconee, Ocmulgee and Altamaha.
Three contaminants, PCBs, chlordane, and mercury, have been found in sufficient concentrations to result in fish consumption guidance in Georgia In the initial guidance, PCBs and chlordane caused most of the reduced consumption guidance restrictions in Georgia. Today more restrictions are due to mercury. The DNR fish consumption guidance has more restrictions due to mercury now than in the past because the USEPA standard that the DNR uses to develop its guidance for mercury was lowered three fold in 1997. The DNR uses a very conservative approach, as recommended by USEPA, to ensure protection for consumers. This change has resulted in reduced consumption guidance for fish from many areas of the state where fish appear to have about as much mercury as they have had for many years. That is, in many areas where the guidance from DNR was for "No Restriction" in 1996, the recommendation is now "One Meal Per Week".
Toxic Substance Stream Monitoring. The GAEPD has focused resources on the management and control of toxic substances in the State's waters for many years. Toxic substance analyses have been conducted on samples from selected trend monitoring stations since 1973. Wherever discharges were found to have toxic impacts or to include toxic pollutants, the GAEPD has incorporated specific limitations on toxic pollutants in NPDES discharge permits.
In 1983 the GAEPD intensified toxic substance stream monitoring efforts. This expanded toxic substance stream monitoring project included facility effluent, stream, sediment, and fish sampling at specific sites downstream of selected industrial and municipal discharges. From 1983 through 1991, ten to twenty sites per year were sampled as part of this project. Future work will be conducted as a part of the River Basin Planning process.
Aquatic Toxicity Testing. In 1982 the GAEPD incorporated biomonitoring or aquatic toxicity testing in selected industrial NPDES permits. Biomonitoring requirements are currently addressed in all municipal and industrial NPDES permits. In January 1995, the GAEPD issued approved NPDES Reasonable Potential Procedures which further delineated required conditions for conducting whole effluent toxicity

3-32

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

(WET) biomonitoring for municipal and industrial discharges. The GAEPD started conducting aquatic toxicity tests on municipal and industrial water pollution control plant effluents in 1985. In 1988, the GAEPD constructed laboratory facilities to support chronic and acute testing capabilities. All toxicity testing was conducted in accordance with appropriate USEPA methods. The aquatic biomonitoring project (ABP) was initially funded with Federal CWA Section 205(j) Grant money, and later under Section 604(b). Requests for State funding were proposed annually and were unsuccessful. Continued funding under Section 604(b) met with difficulties and absorption of costs into the State budget not possible with the State government redirection priorities and privatization initiatives that were implemented in 1995. When reorganization of the Water Protection Branch was finalized in June 1996, the resources of the ABP was redirected into monitoring and TMDL areas. It was decided that the ABP would be phased out over the FY1997 period with the aquatic toxicity testing laboratory to be closed down by July 1, 1997. In addition to funding and redirection issues, it was decided that toxicity testing work would be required of the individual permittee in the future.
Coastal Monitoring. Coastal monitoring is conducted as a part of the monitoring programs supporting the River Basin Management Planning process. In 1997, the Coastal Monitoring Project was conducted in cooperation with the Coastal Resources Division, at the eight fixed stations located in the Savannah and Ogeechee River Basins. The Savannah and Ogeechee were the river basins of focus for monitoring in calendar year 1997 and the Satilla, St. Marys and Altamaha in 1998. Data collection included field water quality parameters, water column samples for basic parameters, chlorophyll a, nutrients, and priority pollutant metals and organic scans. In addition, sediment samples were collected and analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus and priority pollutant metals and organics. Oyster tissues were also collected and analyzed for toxic substances.
Facility Compliance Sampling. In addition to surface water quality monitoring, the GAEPD conducts evaluations and compliance sampling inspections of municipal and industrial water pollution control plants and on industrial pretreatment systems. Compliance sampling inspections include the collection of 24-hour composite samples, and an evaluation of the permittee sampling and flow monitoring operations.
In excess of 350 sampling inspections were conducted by the GAEPD staff in 2000-2001. The results were used, in part, to verify the validity of permittee self-monitoring data and as supporting evidence, as applicable, in enforcement actions. In 1998 this work was focused in the Ochlockonee, Suwannee, Satilla and St. Marys River basins and in 1999 in the Oconee, Ocmulgee, and Altamaha River basins in support of the River Basin Planning process.
Surface Water Quality Summary
Data Assessment. Water quality data are assessed to determine if standards are met and if the waterbody supports its designated or classified water use. If monitoring data shows that standards are not

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-33

achieved, depending on the frequency standards are not met, the waterbody is said to be partially or not supporting the designated use. The data reviewed included GAEPD monitoring data, and data from other State, Federal, local governments, contracted Clean Lakes projects, and data from three electrical utility companies. Table 3-8 provides a list of agencies that contributed data for use in assessing water quality in this report.

TABLE 3-8 CONTRIBUTORS OF WATER QUALITY DATA
FOR ASSESSMENT OF GEORGIA WATERS

GAEPD Watershed Planning and Monitoring Program GAEPD Permitting and Compliance Program DNR Coastal Resources Divisiion West Georgia College Gainesville College Georgia Institute of Technology U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Forest Service Tennessee Valley Authority Cobb County DeKalb County Douglas County WSA Fulton County Gwinnett County City of Clayton City of Roswell

City of Gainesville City of LaGrange Georgia Mountains RDC/DNR Wildlife Resources Division City of Conyers Kennesaw State College Lake Blackshear Watershed Association University of Georgia LaGrange College/Auburn University Georgia Power Company Oglethorpe Power Company South Carolina Electric & Gas Co. South Carolina DHEC Jones Ecological Research Center Alabama DEM City of College Park Columbus Water Works Columbus Unified Government St. Johns WMD

Appendix A includes lists of streams and rivers, lakes, and estuaries for which data have been assessed and indications are that designated uses for those waters are not fully supported. The lists are organized by river basin and include information on the location, data source, designated water use classification, criterion violated, potential cause, actions planned to alleviate the problem, and estimates of stream miles affected. The list is further coded to indicate status of each waterbody under several sections of the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA). Different sections of the CWA require states to assess water quality (Section 305(b)), to list waters with water quality standards violations for which no actions have been initiated or actions underway will not be completed in less than two years, and therefore a TMDL is needed (Section 303(d)), and to document waters with nonpoint source problems (Section 319).
The Appendix A waters are described in these categories, waters supporting designated uses, waters partially supporting designated uses, and waters not supporting designated uses. Waters were placed on the partially or not supporting lists based on the following assessments.
Fecal Coliform Bacteria. Georgia water quality standards establish a fecal coliform criterion of a geometric mean (four samples collected over a 30-day period) of 200 MPN/100 ml for all waters in Georgia during the recreational season of May through October. This is the year-round standard for waters with the water use classification of recreation. For waters classified as drinking water, fishing, or coastal

3-34

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

fishing, for the period of November through April, the fecal coliform criterion is a geometric mean (four samples collected over a 30-day period) of 1000 per 100 ml and not to exceed 4000 per 100 ml for any one sample.
The goal of fecal coliform sampling in 1998-1999 was to collect four samples in a thirty day period in each of four quarters. If one geometric mean was in excess of the standard then the stream segment was placed on the partial support list. If more than one geometric mean was in excess of the standard the stream was placed on the not support list.
In some cases the number of samples was not adequate to calculate geometric means due to sampling or laboratory differences. In these cases, the USEPA recommends the use of a review criterion of 400 per 100 ml to evaluate sample results. This bacterial density (400 per 100 ml) was used to evaluate data from the months of May through October and the maximum criterion of 4000 per 100 ml was used in assessing the data from the results of November through April when geometric mean data was not available. Thus, where geometric mean data was not available, waters were deemed not supporting uses when 26 percent of the samples had fecal coliform bacterial densities greater than the applicable review criteria (400 or 4000 MPN/100 ml) and partially supporting when 11 to 25 percent of the samples were in excess of the review criterion.
Metals. In general, data on metals from any one given site are not frequent. As the data are infrequent, using the general evaluation technique of more than 25% exceedence to indicate nonsupport and 11%-25% exceedence to indicate partial support was not meaningful. Streams were placed in the not support category if multiple exceedences of state criteria occurred and the data were based on more than four samples per year. With less frequent sampling, streams with exceedences were placed on the partially supporting list. In addition, an asterisk is placed beside metals data in those cases where there is a minimal database. In 1998-1999, the goal was to collect metals samples in the winter and summer in the river basins of monitoring focus for comparison to water quality standards. Clean techniques were used. If one sample was in excess of a standard, the stream segment was placed on the partial support list. If two samples indicated exceedence of water quality standards, the stream segment was placed on the not support list. This is in accordance with USEPA guidance which suggests listing if more than one sample exceeds the criteria.
Aquatic Toxicity Testing. Data from GAEPD toxicity testing of water pollution control plant effluents were used to predict toxicity in the receiving stream at critical 7Q10 low flow conditions. Based on the effluent toxicity, receiving waters were evaluated as not supporting when one or more tests gave a clear indication of instream toxicity and as partially supporting when based on predicted instream toxicity. Effluent data for toxic substances were used to designate either partial support or non-support based on whether instream corroborating data were available. When instream data were available, the stream was determined to be not supporting. When instream data were not available, the stream is listed as partially supporting.
Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Temperature. When available data indicated that these parameters were out of compliance with state standards more than 25% of the time, the waters were evaluated as not supporting

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-35

the designated use. Between 11% and 25% noncompliance resulted in a partially supporting evaluation. South Georgia blackwater streams were not evaluated for compliance with the state pH standards because these streams have naturally low pH.
In lakes, pH values that naturally occur within the upper photic zone will typically exceed the 6.0-8.5 range established for water classified for recreation and fishing due to natural algal photosynthesis. To reflect this, pH values within the range of 6.0-9.5 standard units at the one meter depth were evaluated as meeting the state standard for the pH parameter. This pH standard (6.0-9.5) has been adopted for those lakes where specific lake standards have been established (Lakes Jackson, Walter F. Georgia,West Point, Lanier, and Allatoona).
Fish/Shellfish Consumption Guidelines. A waterbody was included in the not supporting category when an advisory was for no consumption of fish, a commercial fishing ban, or a shellfishing ban based on actual data was in effect. Waterbodies were placed in the partially supporting category if a guideline for restricted consumption of fish had been issued for the waters.
Biotic Data. The "Biota Impacted" designation in the "Criterion Violated" column indicates that studies showed a modification of the biotic community. Communities utilized were fish. Studies of fish populations by the DNR Wildlife Resources Division used the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) to identify affected fish populations. The IBI values were used to classify the population as Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, or Very Poor. Stream segments with fish populations rated as "Poor" or "Very Poor" were included in the partially supporting list.
Evaluation of Use Support. Table 3-9 provides summary information from Appendix A on the total number of stream miles, lake acres, or square miles of estuaries that fall in each use support category. Separate totals are given for waterbodies that were monitored, for which the assessment is based on current water quality data, and waters that were evaluated, for which assessment was made based on older data, location, and/or professional judgment. Many additional streams, particularly in urban areas may not meet all standards, but monitoring resources are not adequate to sample all streams.
Assessment of Causes of Nonsupport of Designated Uses. There are many potential pollutants which may interfere with the designated use of a river, stream, lake, or estuary. These can be termed the causes of use nonsupport. Based on information presented in Appendix A, Table 3-10 summarizes the parameters of concern or the causes which contribute to nonsupport of water quality standards or designated uses of a particular waterbody.
Assessment of Potential Sources of Nonsupport of Designated Uses. Pollutants which impact waterbodies in Georgia may come from point or nonpoint sources. Point sources are discharges into waterways through discrete conveyances, such as pipes or channels. Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities are the most common point sources. Point sources also include overflows of combined storm and sanitary sewers.

3-36

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Nonpoint sources are diffuse sources of pollution primarily associated with run off from the land following a rainfall event. Table 3-11 summarizes detailed information presented in Appendix A concerning the sources of pollutants which prevent achievement of water quality standards and use support in various waterbodies in Georgia.

Degree of Use Support
Supported Partially Supported Not Supported TOTAL

TABLE 3-9 Evaluation of Use Support By Waterbody Type
2000-2001

Streams/Rivers (miles)

Lakes/Reservoirs (acres)

Estuaries (sq. miles)

Assessment Basis

Assessment Basis

Assessment Basis

Evaluated 1,058 470 179 1,707

Monitored 2,955 3,128 2,206 8,289

Total 4,013 3,598 2,385 9,996

Evaluated Monitored

5,551

59,615

39,752

273,034

8,518

55,950

53,821

388,599

Total

Evaluated

65,166

499

312,786

0

64,468

177

442,420

676

Monitored 10 4
168 182

Total 509
4 345 858

Priorities for Action. The list of waters includes all waters for which available data indicate that water quality standards are or are not being met and designated uses are supported or not fully supported. This list of waters has become a comprehensive list of waters for Georgia incorporating the information requested by Sections 305(b), 303(d), 314, and 319 of the Federal CWA. As noted, waters listed on the partial and not supporting lists are active 305(b) waters. The list of lakes or reservoirs listed as partial or not supporting designated uses provides the information requested in Section 314 of the CWA. Waters with nonpoint sources identified as a potential cause of a standards violation are considered to provide the information requested in the CWA Section 319 nonpoint assessment. The 303(d) designation is described in the following paragraph.
The 303(d) list is a subset of the 305(b) listed waters. To develop the 303(d) list, the 305(b) list was reviewed and coded based on the guidance provided by the USEPA. Specifically, the August 13, 1992 and November 26, 1993 Memorandums from the USEPA Washington Office of Water titled, "Supplemental Guidance on Section 303(d) Implementation" and "Guidance for 1994 Section 303(d) Lists", were used. First, segments were identified where enforceable State, local or Federal requirements have led to or will lead to attainment of water quality standards. Segments where improvements were completed in 2000-2001 were assigned a "1" code and segments with ongoing action which will lead to attainment of water quality standards were assigned a "2" code under 303(d) status. A "3" code was assigned to segments where TMDLs have been developed and approved. The remaining segments are marked with an "X" and represent 303(d) listed waters for

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-37

TABLE 3-10. Causes of Nonsupport of Designated Uses By Waterbody Type 1998-1999

Cause Cateogry
Fish Guidance Toxicity Pesticides Priority Organics Metals Ammonia pH Dissolved Oxygen Thermal Modification Pathogens Biota Impacted Other Inorganics
Cause Category
Fish Guidance Toxicity Pesticides Priority Organics Metals pH Dissolved Oxygen Thermal Modification Pathogens
Cause Category
Priority Organics Metals Dissolved Oxygen Pathogens Fish Guidance

Rivers/Streams (miles) Contribution to Impairment1

Major2
1,465 4 0 1
142 0 4
683 0
1,930 393 0

Moderate/Minor3
841 79 0 0
457 0
15 774
9 1,544
85 0

Lakes/Reservoirs (acres) Contribution to Impairment1

Major2
332,420 0 0 0
225 438
45 650 2000

Moderate/Minor3
32,958 0 0 0
40,548 700 0 0
20,277

Estuaries (square miles) Contribution to Impairment1

Major2
0 0 0 240 0

Moderate/Minor3
2 2 77 97 22

1 A water body may be affected by several different causes or sources and its size is counted in each relevant cause category. Thus totals will be significantly larger and will not sum to totals in Table 3-9 or Appendix A.

2 Major Contribution - A cause or source makes a major contribution to impairment if it is the only one responsible for less than full use support, or if it predominates over others.

3 Moderate/Minor - A cause or source makes a moderate/minor contribution to impairment if it is one of multiple causes responsible for less than full use support.

TABLE 3-11. Potential Sources of Nonsupport of Designated Uses By Waterbody Type 1998-1999

Cause Cateogry

Rivers/Streams (miles) Contribution to Impairment1

Major2

Moderate/ Minor3

Industrial Point Industrial Nonpoint Municipal Point Municipal Nonpoint Combined Sewer Overflows Urban Runoff/Stormwater Hydropower/Habitat (Dam
Release) Thermal Modification Nonpoint Source Agriculture Silviculture Resource Extraction Land Disposal Natural Sources
Cause Category

18

54

169

82

74

129

0

0

0

162

1,537

388

17

48

0

0

3,518

152

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

433

0

Lakes/Reservoirs (acres) Contribution to Impairment1

Major2

Moderate/ Minor3

Industrial Point Industrial Nonpoint Municipal Point Municipal Nonpoint Urban Runoff/Stormwaters Nonpoint Sources
Cause Category

650
55,980 328 0
11,334 187,298

0
0 0 0 121,584 121,584

Estuaries (square miles) Contribution to Impairment1

Industrial Point Industrial Nonpoint Municipal Point Urban Runoff/Stormwaters Nonpoint Sources Marina

Major2
4 0 2 0 152

Moderate/ Minor3
105 2
129 77
150

3-38

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Georgia. In addition to these waters, the USEPA added waters to the Georgia 303(d) list on December 31, 1996, June 25, 1997, and June 18, 1999. Those waters are shown in Appendix B and are 303(d) listed waters. To summarize, the Georgia 303(d) list of waters is made up of those waters with an X in the column marked 303(d) in Appendix A and those waters in Appendix B.
Georgia is implementing a watershed approach to water resource management through River Basin Management Planning. This approach provides the framework and schedule for actions to address waters on the Georgia 303(d) list. This work is summarized in Chapter 2 of this report. Basin planning provides an opportunity to focus monitoring, assessment, problem prioritization, TMDL development, water resource protection strategy development and implementation resources in specific basins on an orderly five year rotating basis. Of course, significant problems may arise in basins other than the basins of focus and the GAEPD will continue to respond in an appropriate manner. Thus, a discussion for prioritization of the 305(b)/303(d) list must be made in the context of the river basin planning program and in the context of current actions underway to address water quality problems documented in the Georgia 305(b) report. The majority of resources will be directed to insuring the ongoing pollution control actions are completed and water quality improvements are achieved. This work applies to those waters which are identified as 305(b) waters and coded with a "2" in the 303(d) status column of the table. These stream segments while listed on the 305(b) report list are not segments on the Georgia 303(d) list in accordance with USEPA guidance as actions are ongoing which will resolve the issues. However, these streams are the highest priority waters as these segments will continue to require resources to complete actions and insure standards are achieved. These stream segments have been assigned priority one. This is evidenced by the "1" noted in the far right column titled priority on the listing.
Second priority was allocated to segments with multiple data points which showed metals or other toxic substance concentrations in excess of water quality standards and to segments in which dissolved oxygen concentration was an issue.
Third priority was assigned to waters where air deposition, urban runoff or general nonpoint sources caused fish consumption guideline listings, or poor fish communities, and/or metal or fecal coliform bacteria standards violations. Waters added to the Georgia 303(d) list by EPA were also assigned to third priority.
Several issues helped forge the rationale for priorities. First, strategies are currently in place to address many of the significant water quality problems across the state and significant resources will be required to ensure that these actions are completed. Second, a large percentage of waters for which no control strategy is currently in place are listed due to fish consumption guidelines or as a result of exceedance of criteria of fecal coliform bacteria due to urban runoff or nonpoint sources or atmospheric deposition. At the present time, the efficacy of the fecal coliform bacteria standard is in question in the scientific community, and there is no national strategy in place to address air deposition of

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

3-39

mercury which may be the primary cause of fish consumption guidelines across the southeastern United States.
The Georgia River Basin Management Planning process provides the framework for the long-term schedule for developing TMDLs for 303(d) listed segments. The schedule includes 1) public proposal of TMDLs for the Savannah and Ogeechee River Basins in 303(d) listed segments with impacts from NPDES permitted point sources by June 30, 1999, 2) public proposal of TMDLs for the St. Marys, Satilla, Suwannee, and Ochlockonee River Basins for 303(d) listed segments by June 30, 2000, 3) public proposal of TMDLs for the Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Altamaha River Basins for 303(d) listed segments by June 30, 2001, 4) public proposal of TMDLs for the Chattahoochee and Flint River Basin 303(d) listed waters by June 30, 2002, and 5) public proposal of TMDLs for the Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Tennessee River Basin 303(d) listed waters by June 30, 2003. This schedule is in concert with the agreements between the USEPA and the plaintiffs in the recent court case. The USEPA will continue to support the Georgia TMDL efforts and will be specifically responsible for TMDL development for the waters in Appendix B.
The lists in Appendix A and B will continue to reflect the segments where water quality data indicate compliance with or problems with achieving compliance with water quality standards. These segments will be removed when the actions have been taken and compliance attained. The list will grow and shrink based on these considerations and any new standard or approaches implemented in the future. This will also affect the 303(d) list as these entries will undergo changes along with the 305(b) list.

3-40

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

CHAPTER 4
Wetland Programs
Introduction
Various assessments of Georgia's wetlands have identified from 4.9 to 7.2 million acres, including more than 600,000 acres of open water habitat found in estuarine, riverine, palustrine, and lacustrine environments. Estimates of wetland losses since colonial settlement beginning in 1733 and expanding over the next two and one-half centuries are between 20-25% of the original wetland acreage.
Georgia has approximately 100 miles of shoreline along the south Atlantic, with extensive tidal marshes separating the barrier island sequences of Pleistocene and Holocene age from the mainland. Georgia's coastline and tidal marshes are well preserved compared to other South Atlantic states.
Georgia's interior ranges in elevation from sea level to 4,788 feet at Brasstown Bald in the Blue Ridge Mountain Province. At the higher elevations, significant, pristine cool water streams originate and flow down steep to moderate gradients until they encounter lower elevations of the Piedmont Province. Many of the major tributaries originating in the mountains and piedmont have been impounded for hydropower and water supply reservoirs. These man-made lakes constitute significant recreational resources and valuable fishery habitat. At the fall-line, streams flowing southeasterly to the Atlantic, or southsouthwesterly to the Gulf, have formed large floodplains as each encounters the soft sediments of the upper Coastal Plain (Figure 4-1).
Other significant wetlands found in the state are associated with blackwater streams originating in the Coastal Plain, lime sink-holes, spring heads, Carolina bays, and the great Okefenokee Swamp, a bogswamp measuring approximately one-half million acres in south Georgia and north Florida. The swamp drains to the east by the St. Marys River into the Atlantic, and to the west by the Suwannee River into the Gulf.
The lower Coastal Plain has frequently been designated as Atlantic Coastal Flatwoods, where seven tidal rivers headwater in the ancient shoreline terraces and sediments of Pleistocene age. Scattered throughout the flatwoods are isolated depressional wetlands and drainageways dominated by needle-leaved and broad-leaved tree species adapted to long hydroperiods.
Due to considerable variation in the landscape in topography, hydrology, geology, soils, and climatic regime, the state has one of the highest levels of biodiversity in the eastern United States. The state provides a diversity of habitats for nearly 4,000 vascular plant species and slightly less that 1,000 vertebrate

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

4-1

species. Numerous plant and animal species are endemic to the state. Many of the rarer species are dependent upon wetlands for survival.
FIGURE 4-1. WETLANDS IN GEORGIA

4-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Extent of Wetland Resources
Assessments of wetland resources in Georgia have been carried out with varying degrees of success by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, the USFWS National Wetland Inventory, and the state Department of Natural Resources. The extent and location of specific tidal marsh types have been reported in numerous scientific papers and reports. Estimates of other specific wetlands types, such as bottomland hardwood swamps, are also reported in studies on a regional scale.
Inventory. Hydric soils as mapped in county soil surveys are useful indicators of the location and extent of wetlands for the majority of Georgia counties with complete surveys. The dates of photography from which the survey maps are derived vary widely across the state. There is an ongoing effort by NRCS to develop digital databases at the soil mapping unit level, but most of these data sets are not yet available. However, soil surveys have proven useful in wetland delineation in the field and in the development of wetland inventories. County acreage summaries provide useful information on the distribution of wetlands across the state.
The National Wetland Inventory (NWI) of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service utilizes soil survey information during photo-interpretation in the development of the 7.5 minute, 1:24,000 scale products of this nationwide wetland inventory effort. Wetlands are classified according to the Cowardin system, providing some level of detail as to the characterization of individual wetlands. Draft products are available for the 1,017 7.5 minute quadrangles in the state of Georgia, and many final map products have been produced. More than 100 of these quadrangles are available in a digital format. Although not intended for use in jurisdictional determinations of wetlands, these products are invaluable for site surveys, trends analysis, and landuse planning.
A complementary database was completed by Georgia DNR in 1991 and is based on classification of Landsat TM satellite imagery. Due to the limitations of remote sensing technology, the classification scheme is simplified in comparison to the Cowardin system used with NWI. Integration of this digital information with Geographic Information System technology is straight-forward. The inclusion of other upland landcover classes adds to the utility of this database in environmental analysis and landuse planning. Relatively current NWI data and remote sensing-based wetlands information which covers the entire state is available for Georgia, but is not specific to Cowardin classes.
Statewide statistics for 15 landcover classes are presented in Table 4-1. A summary of wetland acreages is as follows: open water = 647,501; emergent wetlands = 351,470; scrub/shrub wetlands = 387,793; forested wetlands = 3,194,593; salt marshes = 241,242; brackish marshes = 91,951; and tidal flats/beaches = 14,750. Total wetland acreage based on Landsat TM imagery is 4,929,300 acres or 13.1% of land area. This data underestimates the acreage of forested wetlands in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain, where considerable acreage may have been classified as hardwood or mixed

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

4-3

TABLE 4-1 STATE OF GEORGIA LANDCOVER STATISTICS

LANDCOVER CLASS
Open Water Clear Cut/Young Pine Pasture Cultivated/Exposed Earth Low Density Urban High Density Urban Emergent Wetland Scrub/Shrub Wetland Forested Wetland Coniferous Forest Mixed Forest Hardwood Forest Salt Marsh Brackish Marsh Tidal Flats/Beaches
TOTALS

ACRES
647,501 3,701,968 3,341,292 5,185,438
606,533 232,510 351,470 387,793 3,194,593 6,549,360 6,708,396 6,444,519 241,242 91,951 14,750
37,699,316

PERCENT
1.72 9.82 8.86 13.75 1.61 0.62 0.93 1.03 8.47 17.37 17.79 17.09 0.64 0.24 0.04
100.00

forest. The data overestimates emergent and scrub/shrub wetlands in the pine flatwoods because of wet surface soils associated with clear-cuts or young pine plantations. The data under-estimates the tidal marshes and tidal flats because of a high tide stage that flooded considerable acreage. The targeted accuracy level for the overall landcover assessment using Landsat imagery was 85%. However, the classification error was not necessarily distributed equally throughout all classes.

Georgia reported landcover statistics by county in 1996 that included acreage occurrences for 15 landcover classes derived from early spring Landsat TM satellite imagery from 1988-1990. This document (Project Report 26) and accompanying landcover map of the state at a scale of 1:633,600 ( 1 inch = 10 miles) are available to the public from the Georgia Geologic Survey, Map Sales office.

Also reported herein and described in Chapter 2 in this document in greater detail under River Basin Management Planning, landcover statistics for 15 landcover classes have been generated for the surface area of the 14 major river basins in Georgia (Table 4-2). By statute (O.C.GA. 12-5-520), Georgia established a comprehensive, ecosystem-level, river basin management planning approach to watershed protection in 1992. Specific goals of the planning process are to educate the public on matters involving the environmental and ecological concerns specific to a particular river basin, improve water quality and

4-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

reduce pollution at the source, improve aquatic habitat, reestablish native species of fish, restore and protect wildlife habitat, and provide recreational benefits.

TABLE 4-2 LANDCOVER STATISTICS FOR 14 MAJOR RIVER BASINS OF GEORGIA*

TENNESSEE

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

0.9

Clear Cut/Young Pine

1.7

Pasture

10.3

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

5.0

Low Density Urban

1.4

High Density Urban

0.4

Emergent Wetland

0.0

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

0.0

Forested Wetland

0.1

Coniferous Forest

20.0

Mixed Forest

17.5

Hardwood Forest

42.5

Salt Marsh

0.0

Brackish Marsh

0.0

Tidal Flats/Beaches

0.0

Total 100.0

COOSA Class Name -------------------------------------Open Water Clear Cut/Young Pine
Pasture Cultivated/Exposed Earth
Low Density Urban High Density Urban
Emergent Wetland Scrub/Shrub Wetland
Forested Wetland Coniferous Forest
Mixed Forest Hardwood Forest
Salt Marsh Brackish Marsh Tidal Flats/Beaches
Total

% ------
1.1 4.6 8.8 6.6 2.1 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 22.5 23.2 30.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

TALLAPOOSA

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

0.9

Clear Cut/Young Pine

1.9

Pasture

15.0

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

6.9

Low Density Urban

3.2

High Density Urban

0.9

Emergent Wetland

0.1

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

0.1

Forested Wetland

1.0

Coniferous Forest

16.4

Mixed Forest

30.6

Hardwood Forest

22.8

Salt Marsh

0.0

Acres ---------------
8,550.1 16,739.3 99,353.9 48,048.9 13,053.3
3,403.1 152.4 252.5
1,124.9 192,902.5 168,627.0 409,325.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 963,215.2
Acres ---------------
31,490.5 136,692.0 259,169.1 195,392.9 60,482.3 24,881.7
809.9 1,418.7 6,343.5 664,882.4 685,230.5 889,175.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 2,956,127.0
Acres ---------------
3,676.8 8,031.3 62,163.7 28,509.8 13,334.3 3,592.3
336.1 281.9 4,143.3 68,202.3 126,777.4 94,719.4
0.0

Brackish Marsh

0.0

Tidal Flats/Beaches

0.0

Total 100.0

CHATTAHOOCHEE

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

2.9

Clear Cut/Young Pine

4.4

Pasture

8.3

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

8.2

Low Density Urban

3.1

High Density Urban

1.6

Emergent Wetland

0.2

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

0.2

Forested Wetland

1.7

Coniferous Forest

21.2

Mixed Forest

22.3

Hardwood Forest

25.5

Salt Marsh

0.0

Brackish Marsh

0.0

Tidal Flats/Beaches

0.0

Total 100.0

FLINT Class Name -------------------------------------Open Water Clear Cut/Young Pine
Pasture Cultivated/Exposed Earth
Low Density Urban High Density Urban
Emergent Wetland Scrub/Shrub Wetland
Forested Wetland Coniferous Forest
Mixed Forest Hardwood Forest
Salt Marsh Brackish Marsh Tidal Flats/Beaches
Total

% ------
1.5 7.1 13.7 26.3 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 6.6 12.2 15.1 15.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

OCMULGEE

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

1.0

Clear Cut/Young Pine

9.0

Pasture

10.3

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

13.0

Low Density Urban

2.5

High Density Urban

0.8

Emergent Wetland

0.2

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

1.4

Forested Wetland

8.3

Coniferous Forest

17.8

0.0 0.0 414,892.4
Acres ---------------
110,939.8 170,860.2 318,762.6 313,544.0 120,863.7
60,383.2 5,654.8 7,001.9 64,037.9 816,271.5 859,295.5 979,244.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 3,847,560.0
Acres ---------------
81,067.4 383,525.9 745,054.5 1,423,399.0
55,524.6 23,392.2 26,264.6 31,061.7 355,039.1 662,356.3 817,954.7 818,097.9
0.0 0.0 0.0 5,422,872.0
Acres ---------------
37,855.1 349,143.8 399,593.0 503,604.5
95,097.7 31,120.4 6,728.2 54,100.3 320,458.6 692,414.2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

4-5

Mixed Forest Hardwood Forest
Salt Marsh Brackish Marsh Tidal Flats/Beaches
Total

20.6 15.4 0.0
0.0 0.0 100.0

OCONEE

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

1.5

Clear Cut/Young Pine

9.8

Pasture

11.5

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

8.1

Low Density Urban

1.5

High Density Urban

0.3

Emergent Wetland

0.1

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

1.1

Forested Wetland

6.6

Coniferous Forest

17.2

Mixed Forest

23.5

Hardwood Forest

18.8

Salt Marsh

0.0

Brackish Marsh

0.0

Tidal Flats/Beaches

0.0

100.0

SAVANNAH

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

2.1

Clear Cut/Young Pine

11.7

Pasture

9.2

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

8.8

Low Density Urban

1.5

High Density Urban

0.6

Emergent Wetland

0.5

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

0.5

Forested Wetland

7.9

Coniferous Forest

21.0

Mixed Forest

18.0

Hardwood Forest

17.9

Salt Marsh

0.1

Brackish Marsh

0.0

Tidal Flats/Beaches

0.0

Total 100.0

OGEECHEE

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

2.6

Clear Cut/Young Pine

15.5

Pasture

5.5

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

12.0

Low Density Urban

0.9

High Density Urban

0.4

Emergent Wetland

1.3

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

1.0

Forested Wetland

17.0

Coniferous Forest

15.9

Mixed Forest

12.8

Hardwood Forest

9.9

798,618.5 596,916.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
3,885,650.0
TABLE 4-2 (Cont)

Acres ---------------
52,223.4 335,733.2 392,142.1 275,807.4
51,467.6 11,163.5 2,895.3 36,132.4 226,097.3 586,396.3 801,581.8 640,538.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 3,412,179.0
Acres ---------------
76,464.0 431,685.9 336,547.8 323,285.1
55,855.1 21,404.1 17,908.3 16,434.4 289,074.6 771,403.5 663,618.0 656,838.3 1,869.6 1,500.5
387.5 3,678,663.0
Acres ---------------
94,974.7 569,760.8 202,741.0 441,752.0
34,706.3 14,465.6 46,261.9 34,730.2 623,070.5 584,877.5 468,934.9 362,531.3

Salt Marsh Brackish Marsh Tidal Flats/Beaches
Total

4.1 1.0 0.1 100.0

ALTAMAHA

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

1.0

Clear Cut/Young Pine

18.1

Pasture

7.3

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

11.4

Low Density Urban

1.1

High Density Urban

0.3

Emergent Wetland

1.2

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

0.8

Forested Wetland

14.5

Coniferous Forest

17.0

Mixed Forest

13.2

Hardwood Forest

13.5

Salt Marsh

0.2

Brackish Marsh

0.4

Tidal Flats/Beaches

0.0

Total 100.0

SATILLA

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

2.4

17.0

Pasture

4.1

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

14.3

Low Density Urban

1.4

High Density Urban

0.5

Emergent Wetland

1.8

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

0.6

Forested Wetland

16.3

Coniferous Forest

16.0

Mixed Forest

14.5

Hardwood Forest

6.3

Salt Marsh

3.0

Brackish Marsh

1.6

Tidal Flats/Beaches

0.3

Total 100.0

ST MARY'S

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

1.5

Clear Cut/Young Pine

8.1

Pasture

0.7

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

1.6

Low Density Urban

1.0

151,728.8 37,876.2 4,985.3
3,674,407.0
Acres ---------------
18,605.2 329,043.6 133,457.8 207,072.5 19,900.0
5,618.9 22,633.7 13,869.7 264,476.8 309,747.8 239,699.8 245,226.0
2,751.2 6,612.5
247.9 1,818,963.0
Acres ---------------
61,992.9 449,475.7 107,009.6 378,019.0 37,565.8 12,637.3 47,038.8
15,024.9 429,619.8 421,808.0 383,597.5 164,872.1
80,118.8 40,772.4 6,821.9 2,637,771.0
Acres ---------------
6,132.3 33,497.8 2,922.0 6,826.5 3,973.4

4-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

High Density Urban Emergent Wetland
Scrub/Shrub Wetland Forested Wetland Coniferous Forest Mixed Forest Hardwood Forest Salt Marsh Brackish Marsh
Tidal Flats/Beaches Total

0.9 4.2 11.6 23.9 25.8 13.0 2.5 0.5 1.0 0.1 100.0

3,754.8 17,488.6 48,173.8 99,450.4 107,390.7 53,847.8 10,210.3
2,171.7 4,338.9
255.3 415,636.2
TABLE 4-2 (Cont)

SUWANNEE

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

0.7

Clear Cut/Young Pine

7.3

Pasture

8.0

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

21.7

Low Density Urban

0.9

High Density Urban

0.4

Emergent Wetland

3.7

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

3.5

Forested Wetland

12.6

Coniferous Forest

16.7

Mixed Forest

20.4

Hardwood Forest

3.7

Salt Marsh

0.0

Brackish Marsh

0.0

Tidal Flats/Beaches

0.0

Total 100.0

Acres ---------------
24,321.5 260,783.4 289,022.3 779,758.0
33,205.8 12,548.3 133,275.1 126,395.4 453,486.7 601,469.0 732,923.1 134,164.9
0.9 0.0 0.0 3,598,520.0

OCHLOCKONEE

Class Name

%

--------------------------------------

------

Open Water

0.5

Clear Cut/Young Pine

4.6

Pasture

12.9

Cultivated/Exposed Earth

31.0

Low Density Urban

1.2

High Density Urban

0.4

Emergent Wetland

2.4

Scrub/Shrub Wetland

0.2

Forested Wetland

5.2

Coniferous Forest

6.4

Mixed Forest

30.6

Hardwood Forest

3.7

Salt Marsh

0.0

Brackish Marsh

0.0

Tidal Flats/Beaches

0.0

Total 100.0

Acres ---------------
5,230.5 44,978.2 126,412.8 303,919.5 11,476.6 4,116.6 23,374.8 2,157.0 50,441.0 62,475.9 300,098.6 36,026.8
0.0 0.0 0.0 979,881.0

*Data based on Landsat TM imagery, 1988-1990, with pixel resolution of 200 ft.sq. Wetlands less than 1 acre excluded, Percent error 15.

Wetland Trends In Georgia
The loss of wetlands has become an issue of increasing concern to the general public because of associated adverse impacts to flood control, water quality, aquatic wildlife habitat, rare and endangered species habitat, aesthetics, and recreation.. Historically, we have often treated wetlands as "wastelands" that needed "improvement". Today, "swamp reclamation" acts are no longer funded or approved by Congress and wetland losses are in part lessened. However, we still lack accurate assessments for current and historic wetland acreages. For this reason, we have varying accounts of wetland losses, which provide some confusion in the public's mind as to trends.
The most recent (1991) and precise measure of Georgia's wetland acreage has been developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetland Inventory efforts. This statistically sound study was based upon 206 sample plots of four (4) square miles each that were delineated and measured from 1975 and

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

4-7

1982 aerial photography. The total acreage of wetlands for Georgia was estimated at 7,714,285 acres in 1982 as compared to earlier estimates of 5.2 million acres. This new estimate is considerably higher than the total shown in a 1984 trend study and is due to better quality photography.
Georgia's total wetland area covers an estimated 20 percent of the State's landscape. This total (7.7 mil. ac.) includes approximately 367,000 acres of estuarine wetlands and 7.3 million acres of palustrine wetlands (forested wetlands, scrub-shrub, and emergents). A net wetland loss due to conversion of approximately 78,000 acres was estimated for the seven (7) year period, while 455,000 acres were altered by timber harvesting. These latter estimates are less reliable than the total acreage and are slightly higher than the 1984 study. Regardless of the method used to measure total acreage or wetland losses, Georgia still retains the highest percentage of pre-colonial wetland acreage of any southeastern state. The state lacks the resources to conduct an independent monitoring program on the frequency of wetland alterations by class or type. A limited effort is being made to assess trends in land use change for specific small watersheds. These work elements will be described in a later section.
Efforts To Track "No Net Loss" (404 Permit Review). While the 1993 Federal Administration Wetlands Plan called for a concerted effort by EPA and other Federal agencies to work cooperatively toward achieving no overall net loss of wetlands in the short term and a net increase in the quantity of the nations wetlands in the long run, there have been no statutory or executive level directives to carry out this policy. Policy achievement is dependent upon limited regulation changes, memoranda of understanding, cooperative agreements, and other partnerships between Federal, State, and local governments, conservation organizations, and private citizens.
All dredge and fill activities in freshwater wetlands are regulated in Georgia by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE). Joint permit procedures between the COE and DNR, including public notices, are carried out in tidally influenced wetlands. Separate permits for alterations to salt marsh and the State's waterbottoms are issued by the Coastal Marshlands Protection Committee, a State permitting authority. Enforcement is carried out by the State, COE and EPA in tidal waters, and by the COE and EPA in freshwater systems. Normal agricultural and silvicultural operations are exempted under Section 404 regulations with certain conditions.
The COE reports 1,214 permit or violation actions involving 819 acres of wetlands for the year 1996. Similar actions for 1997 totaled 1,120 for 995 acres (Table 4-3). Mitigation efforts associated with permit activities resulted in the creation, restoration, and protection of 2,015 acres in 1996 and 2,184 acres in 1997. A net gain for 1996 resulting from permit activities and known violations was 1,196 acres. For 1997, 1,189 acres of wetlands were gained. These wetland acreages do not include losses due to undiscovered dredge and fill violations, exemptions, and activities above the headwaters.

4-8

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

TABLE 4-3 SUMMARY OF WETLAND ACREAGE IMPACTED BY SECTION 404 PERMITS

1996

# of Actions - (Permits/Violations)

1,214

Wetland Acres - Permitted

819

Wetland Acres - Mitigated

2015

Net Gain Acres

1196

# of Restoration Actions

48

# of Penalty Actions

3

*Data Compiled by Regulatory Branch, Savannah District, Corps of Engineer, DOA.

Integrity of Wetland Resources

1997
1,120
995 2184 1189
38 5

Wetland Use Support. In Georgia, wetland uses are tied to both the state water quality standards through the definition of "water" or "waters of the state", and to established criteria for wetlands protection (Chap. 391-3-16-03) associated with the Comprehensive Planning Act of 1989 (O.C.G.A. 12-2-8).

The definition of "water" or "waters of the State" (Chap. 391-3-6) means "any and all rivers, streams, creeks, branches, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, drainage systems, springs, wells, wetlands, and all other bodies of surface or subsurface water, natural or artificial, lying within or forming a part of the boundaries of the state which are not entirely confined and retained completely upon the property of a single individual partnership, or corporation". The waters use classifications and general criteria for all waters are discussed elsewhere in this report.

The Comprehensive Planning Act requires all local governments and regional development centers to recognize or acknowledge the importance of wetlands for the public good in the landuse planning process. All local governments (municipalities and county governments) were required, beginning in 1990 and ending in 1995, to meet minimum criteria for wetland use and protection. By December, 1995, 696 governments in Georgia had submitted acceptable landuse plans. Only 30 small incorporated governments have not submitted plans. Each government is required to map wetlands using DNR or NWI maps, and describe how wetlands will be protected from future development. The wetlands protection criteria define freshwater "wetlands" as "those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas (33 CFR 32.93)". This definition is not intended to include "coastal marshlands" or tidal salt marshes as defined by the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act. The minimum area of wetlands to be identified in landuse planning is not to exceed five acres.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

4-9

The categories of freshwater wetlands and aquatic habitats to be identified, defined and mapped by the State and included in landuse planning are open water, non-forested emergent, scrub/shrub, forested and altered wetlands. Landuse plans must address at least the following considerations with regard to wetland classes identified in the database:
Whether impacts to an area would adversely affect the public health, safety, welfare, or the property of others.
Whether the area is unique or significant in the conservation of flora and fauna including threatened, rare or endangered species.
Whether alteration or impacts to wetlands will adversely affect the function, including the flow or quality of water, cause erosion or shoaling, or impact navigation.
Whether impacts or modification by a project would adversely affect fishing or recreational use of wetlands.
Whether an alteration or impact would be temporary in nature.
Whether the project contains significant state historical and archaeological resources, defined as "Properties On or Eligible for the National Register of Historic Places".
Whether alteration of wetlands would have measurable adverse impacts on adjacent sensitive natural areas.
Where wetlands have been created for mitigation purposes under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, such wetlands shall be considered for protection.
The mapping of altered wetlands defined as "areas with hydric soils that have been denuded of natural vegetation and put to other uses, such as pasture, row crops, etc., but that otherwise retain certain wetland functions and values" has not been completed due to a lack of resources. It is unlikely that there will be any significant resources committed at the state or federal levels for monitoring wetland alterations and conversions in the near future.
The acceptable uses of wetlands without long term impairment of function were identified in wetland protection criteria as the following:
Timber production and harvesting. The socio-economic value of wetlands for consumptive uses such as timber and wood products production is extremely high. High quality hardwoods are produced along the

4-10

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

major river corridors throughout the state. There are established "best management practices" for harvesting in wetlands; the level of compliance with these voluntary standards is monitored by the Georgia Forestry Commission in cooperation with the DNR-EPD.
Wildlife and fisheries management. Wetlands are an invaluable resource, both ecologically and economically. They are among the state's most biologically productive ecosystems and are crucial as habitats for wildlife. Wetlands function as essential breeding, spawning, nursery, nesting, migratory, and/or wintering habitat for much of the migratory and resident fauna. More than 40% of the state threatened and endangered plant and animal species depend heavily on wetlands. Coastal wetlands function as nursery and spawning grounds for 60-90% of commercial fin and shellfish catches. In addition, high levels of plant productivity in coastal wetlands contribute to corresponding levels of invertebrate organisms upon which fish and other animals feed. Plant decomposition in wetlands is also important for waterfowl production, which contributes to the economy through hunting-related expenditures.
Water Quality Protection. Wetlands help to maintain water quality and improve degraded water by removing, transforming, or retaining nutrients; processing chemical and organic wastes and pollutants; and reducing sediment loads. Wetlands function as sediment, toxic substance, and nutrient traps, performing functions similar to a waste treatment plant. Wetland vegetation filters and retains sediments which otherwise enter lakes, streams, and reservoirs, often necessitating costly maintenance dredging activities. Wetlands may also perform similar purification functions with respect to ground water. Those wetlands hydrologically connected to ground water could also be a source of recharge for underground water supplies, in which case the natural settling and filtering of pollutants would increase the purity of the water resource. As with any filter, wetlands can be damaged, overloaded, or made nonfunctional. Wetlands conservation and careful management of point and non-point pollutants can provide good wetland filtration of materials.
Recreation. The non-consumptive uses of wetlands may contribute most significantly and positively to quality of life, yet these uses are often undervalued or unrecognized altogether. Wetlands are areas of great diversity and beauty and provide open space for recreational and visual enjoyment. They support a myriad of recreational activities including boating, swimming, birdwatching, and photography. In addition, tidal, coastal, and inland wetlands provide educational opportunities for nature observation and scientific study.
Natural water quality treatment or purification. (See wastewater treatment above). Maintaining the biological and ecological integrity of wetlands is essential to the capitalization of these natural systems for the improvement of water quality and quantity. The polluting, filling, silting, channelizing, draining, dredging, and converting to other uses of wetlands are destructive to the ecological functions of wetlands.
Other uses permitted under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Such uses must have an overwhelming public interest. Unacceptable uses of wetlands include:

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

4-11

Receiving areas for toxic or hazardous waste or other contaminants.
Hazardous or sanitary waste landfills.
Other uses unapproved by local governments.
The criteria established by the State for freshwater wetlands are designed to assist in the identification and protection of wetlands, and do not constitute a state or local permit program. The protection of coastal marshlands, seashores, and tidal waterbottoms is described under the Estuary and Coastal Assessment section of this report.
Wetland Monitoring. The state maintains monitoring and enforcement procedures for estuarine marshes under authority of the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act of 1970. Monthly or bimonthly over-flights are made of the Georgia coastline for potential violations. Restoration and penalties are provided for in the Act.
The State does not maintain a specific monitoring program for freshwater wetlands because of the size of the area (>37 million acres), lack of resources, and weak public support for a state-managed regulatory program. At this time no assessment of costs has been made for establishing any monitoring of wetland changes for the entire state.
Additional Wetlands Protection Activities
Georgia is protecting its wetlands through aggressive land acquisition, public education, land use planning, regulatory programs, and wetland restoration. Since 1987, the state has acquired more than 155,000 acres through program expansion and the Preservation 2000 and RiverCare 2000 acquisition efforts. Additional protection to wetlands is provided either directly or indirectly by several statutes listed below, but described elsewhere in this report. These state laws are as follows:
Coastal Marshlands Protection Act Shore Protection Act 401 Water Quality Certification Water Quality Control Act Ground Water Use Act Safe Drinking Water Act Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act Metropolitan Rivers Protection Act
Land Acquisition. The Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Wildlife Resources Division (WRD), began a land acquisition program in 1987 to acquire 60,000 acres of additional lands for Wildlife

4-12

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Management Areas (WMAs) and Public Fishing Areas (PFAs). This initiative was funded by $30 million of 20-year obligation bonds to be paid off by hunting and fishing license increases and WMA permit fees. Significant parcels containing wetlands are listed in Table 4-4.
Beginning in 1990 and continuing through 1995, Governor Zell Miller initiated Preservation 2000, a $60 million program to acquire 100,000 acres of lands to be used for wildlife and fisheries management, parks and recreation, natural area preservation, and general conservation (Table 4-4). Through December, 1995 100,000 acres have been acquired by purchase, gift, or long term lease.
In September, 1995 Governor Miller announced RiverCare 2000, an initiative to protect and improve the management of Georgia's rivers. Under RiverCare 2000, the DNR is preserving riverfront land that will become wildlife management areas, parks, natural and historic landmarks, and greenways. In FY-96, $5 million was appropriated from general revenues for land acquisition. Additional funds were appropriated for FY-97 and FY-98, with 4,423 acres acquired through 1997.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

4-13

TABLE 4-4 LANDS ACQUIRED BY THE STATE WITH SIGNIFICANT WETLAND ACREAGE

PROGRAM EXPANSION (1987-1989)

Beaverdam WMA Big Hammock WMA Bullard Creek WMA Dodge County PFA Grand Bay WMA Hannahatchee WMA Horse Creek WMA Big Lazer Creek WMA/PFA Paradise PFA Yuchi WMA

Site Name

County(s) Laurens Tattnall Jeff Davis, Appling Dodge Lowndes Stewart Telfair Talbot Berrien Burke

Subtotal

PRESERVATION 2000 (1990-1995)

Site Name Mayhaw WMA Ocmulgee WMA Tuckahoe WMA Little Tybee/Cabbage Islands NA Buffalo Swamp WMA Charlie Elliott WMA/PFA Flint River WMA Lighthouse Tract-Sapelo Island-NERR Dawson Forest WMA Doerun Bog NA Grand Bay WMA Paradise PFA Montezuma Bluffs NA Griffin=s Ridge WMA Little Wahoo Island NA OakyWoods WMA Smithgall-Dukes Creek CA Echeconnee Creek CA Ohoopee Dunes NA Jericho River NA Meriwether County WMA Troup Lake WMA

County(s) Miller Pulaski Screven
Chatham McIntosh Jasper, Newton Dooley McIntosh Dawson Colquitt Lowndes Berrien
Macon Long McIntosh Houston White Bibb Emanuel Liberty Meriwether Laurens

Subtotal

RIVERCARE 2000 (1995-1997)

Altamaha WMA Dawson Forest WMA Oaky Woods WMA Pigeon Island NA
Grand Total

Site Name

County(s) McIntosh Dawson Houston Chatham

Subtotal

Code: WMA = Wildlife Management Area

PFA = Public Fishing Area

NA

= Natural Area

CA

= Conservation Area

Acreage

326 5,566 8,442
444 1,865
258 3,787 2,233 1,060 7,360 31,341

Acreage

4,681 5,836 10,950 7,721 5,939 6,039 2,358
206 2,710
650 429 181 499 5,615 1,012 107 5,604 159 1,808 776 3,654 3,509 70,443

Acreage

2,034 1,483
496 410 4,423 106,207

4-14

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Education And Public Outreach. WRD has one full-time person involved in aquatic education, providing training for educators in wetland values and acting as a resource person for developing and coordinating teaching materials. The Aquatic Education Program consists of three key components: Youth Education, Adult Education, and Kids Fishing. Youth Education involves training educators to use Aquatic Project Wild (APW), which consists of instructional workshops and supplementary conservation curriculum materials for teachers of K-12 grade age children. About 1,000 educators are trained annually to use APW in the classroom. Adult Education consists primarily of producing educational materials such as the annual Freshwater and Saltwater Sport Fishing Regulations, Reservoir and Southeast Rivers Fishing Predictions, Small Georgia Lakes Open to Public Fishing, Introduction to Trout Fishing, news releases, brochures, radio Public Service Announcements, videos, and staff presentations to sportsmen and civic organizations, as well as large events. The purpose of Kids Fishing Events (KFEs) is to introduce youth and their families to the joys of recreational fishing. The Aquatic Education Program touches tens of thousands of youths and adults each year, bringing these people closer to the environment, and teaching them conservation principles that are important to sustaining wetlands and healthy fish populations.
State Protected Species in Wetlands. With assistance from the USFWS, Section 6 Federal Aid Program, and USDA-FS Stewardship Program, WRD developed and published a descriptive handbook of Georgia's 103 protected plant species that include endangered, threatened, unusual, and rare plant species found in the state. Forty percent of the protected species are dependent on wetland or aquatic habitats in the vast majority known occurrences. The "Protected Plants of Georgia" book includes illustrations, descriptions, threats to species or their habitats, range in adjoining states, historical notes, and recommendations for management of protected species habitats. The protected plant book has been distributed to all DNR personnel and wildlife biologists involved in the management of state properties. It has been distributed to the Georgia Forestry Commission, USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service, Forest Service, USFWS, Corps of Engineers, US EPA, major utility companies, forest products corporations, consulting biologists, educators, and private citizens. The book calls the public's attention to the need to protect wetlands on private property as well as public property in the state. In addition, WRD has Section 6, USFWS grant-in-aid funds for continuing research on endangered wetland species as follows:
Loggerhead sea turtle - nest survey and protection, educational material Wood stork - aerial surveys of rookeries and educational material Bald eagle - nest surveys, monitoring, and management Manatee - comprehensive management plan implementation, investigate and analyze habitat use and
movements Wood stork - ecology of coastal colonies Listed aquatic species - Conasauga River corridor identification and mapping of essential habitats Listed animal species - protected animal book for the State of Georgia (111 species) Goldline darter - life history and status in Coosawattee River system Tennessee Yellow-eyed Grass - surveys for undocumented populations Whorled Sunflower - habitat management plan development Pitcherplant Bogs - habitat management plan development

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

4-15

Swamp Buckthorn - status survey
EPA Wetland Protection Planning Grants: Watershed Demonstration Project for Ebenezer Creek Swamp. Start 8-15-93, End 12-31-96. The goal of this project was to investigate the various factors affecting water quality and ecosystem functions within the watershed of Ebenezer Creek, a significant blackwater stream in southeastern Georgia. Ebenezer Creek contains an old-growth cypress-tupelo swamp, and has been designated both a National Natural Landmark and a Georgia Scenic River. The research project involved an assessment of land use changes, biological diversity, stream flows, and water quality in the watershed. The study represents a cooperative effort between GDNR-WRD, GDNR-EPD, UGA-ICAD, the Army COE, The Georgia Conservancy, Scenic Ebenezer, Inc., and local volunteers.
Results of this project will be valuable in understanding the characteristics and functions of several different wetland types within the Ebenezer Creek watershed. The study has helped to focus cooperative efforts to improve water quality and proper watershed management, including protection of ecologically important wetland habitats. The approach followed in this study may serve as a model for better watershed management throughout Georgia.
EPA Grant: Wetlands Protection in Georgia - Wetlands Training Program Materials. Start 7-194, End 3-31-98. The goals of this grant are to develop training materials for DNR staff and other state agency personnel involved in wetland protection activities throughout the state. The materials will also be available to consultants, educators, and federal regulatory personnel. The materials consist of a landcover map and accompanying statistics for 15 landcover classes throughout the state and a descriptive handbook of the ecological values of Georgia wetland communities.
The statewide landcover map is valuable in training personnel from DNR and related agencies in wetlands assessment and monitoring. Production of a wetland community handbook will enhance the ability of the state to protect wetlands by increasing the level of training of personnel involved in wetland protection efforts and by increasing the general public's awareness and appreciation of Georgia's natural resources.
EPA Grant: Flint River Corridor Characterization and Wetland Restoration Project. Start 7-197, End 9-30-99. The Natural Heritage Program is the recipient of a Development Grant for the ecological characterization of the Flint River corridor from the Pine Mountain area downstream to Albany. An ecological assessment will be made of the riparian zones of the main river corridor and its principal tributaries. The project will identify information on rare species, natural communities, degraded and converted wetlands, land ownership of large tracts, and potential partners for wetland restoration. Priorities for the conservation of wetlands and riparian zones through acquisition, easements, and voluntary management strategies will be identified.
The project will interface with the statewide river basin planning effort being conducted by the Environmental Protection Division through information sharing and partnerships. Tools for management identified in the Governor's RiverCare 2000 Program will be utilized to implement conservation goals along

4-16

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

the Flint River. The Wildlife Resources Division will also utilize the rare species conservation information developed in this project to enhance wildlife habitat through partnerships with the forest products industry.
Managing Wetlands on State WMAs, PFAs, Parks, Heritage Preserves, and Natural Areas. M.A.R.S.H. Project. Georgia DNR-WRD has a cooperative agreement with Ducks Unlimited (DU) for the purpose of acquiring, developing, restoring, or enhancing waterfowl habitat. A major aspect of this agreement is the M.A.R.S.H. program (Matching Aid to Restore States Habitat). Under the MARSH program, 7.5% of the money raised by DU in Georgia is made available as matching funds for work to develop, improve, or restore waterfowl habitat.
Since 1985, 1.2 million dollars have been spent on habitat projects in the state of Georgia involving thousands of acres of wetlands. Completed projects include:
Altamaha Waterfowl Management Area - 4,500 acres Ansley-Hodges Memorial Marsh - 42 acres Arrowhead Hatchery - 28 acres Blanton Creek WMA - 50 acres B.F. Grant WMA - 45 acres Clark Hill - 70 acres (goose grazing acres) Crockford-Pigeon Mountain WMA - 35 acres Dixon Memorial Forest - 12 acres Dyar Pasture - 60 acres Fishing Creek WMA - 50 acres Grand Bay WMA - 8,730 acres (most acreage is natural wetlands) Horse Creek WMA - 110 acres Joe Kurz WMA - 50 acres Mayhaw WMA - 45 acres Oconee WMA - 150 acres

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

4-17

Rum Creek WMA - 25 acres
West Point Lake WMA - 20 acres Assessment of DNR-Managed Wetlands (1990). In 1990 while developing a state wetland conservation plan and strategy for mitigation of impacts from water supply reservoirs and public fishing lakes, Georgia DNR/WRD made an assessment of wetlands on DNR-managed state-owned lands. As part of this assessment, an effort was made to identify degraded wetland acreage suitable for mitigation. Degraded wetlands were identified as having potentials for restoration or enhancement of wetland functions and values.

Table 4-5 summarizes DNR-managed lands (as of 1990) by various categories. This plan was developed by DNR and Law Environmental, Inc. to mitigate potential impacts from future development of regional water supply reservoirs and public fishing areas. DNR still has under study and evaluation a potential regional water supply reservoir on the Tallapoosa River. To date there has been no implementation of mitigation on state lands except for a mitigation site at Horse Creek WMA for wetlands losses associated with the construction of the Dodge County PFA.
TABLE 4-5 ASSESSMENT OF DNR LANDS (1990).

Categories
WMA/ PFA Sites Park Sites Other Sites*

Total Acreage
128,106

Total Wetland Acreage
38,754

Acreage Suitable for Mitigation

Restoration

Enhancement

1,782

9,749

43,850 58,712 230,668

6,158 12,126 57,038

509 83
2,374

86 2,322 12,157

*Includes natural areas, heritage preserves, and some barrier islands (Ossabaw, Sapelo).

4-18

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

CHAPTER 5
ESTUARY AND COASTAL PROGRAMS

Background
Monitoring and management of Georgia's coastal environments is primarily conducted by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Coastal Resources Division (CRD). The Coastal Resources Division operates the Coastal Management program and the Shellfish Sanitation program, manages recreational and commercial fisheries; and reviews applications for permits under the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act and Shore Protection Act. CRD also oversees several EPA wetland protection development grants. The DNR Wildlife Resources (WRD) and Environmental Protection Divisions (GAEPD) each play additional roles in this effort and interact with various agencies on management of Georgia's coastal areas. The Georgia University System conducts research on estuarine and coastal habitats from Skidaway Oceanographic Institute in Savannah and the University of Georgia Marine Institute on Sapelo Island.
Water Quality Monitoring
The GAEPD monitors estuarine water quality as part of its long term trend monitoring network. Additional intensive surveys have been conducted with major studies for the North River, Satilla River, Brunswick/ Turtle Rivers, North Newport River, and Savannah River and several estuarine sites have been included in the GAEPD's toxics monitoring projects. Monitoring of estuaries and coastal waters is currently being conducted as these areas are the focus of monitoring efforts associated with the River Basin Management Planning Program.
The GAEPD monitoring programs have included sampling for the presence of potentially toxic materials in water, sediment, fish, oysters, shrimp, and blue crabs. To date, only one site sampled as part of the toxics monitoring has revealed metals or organic compounds at problem concentrations. Based on the sampling at this site near Brunswick, seafood consumption advisory was issued. This advisory is noted in Chapter 6.
Coastal Marshland Protection
The State recognizes that tidal marshes are an invaluable resource, both ecologically and economically. The biological productivity of tidal marshes can exceed that of the best agricultural lands. Wetlands sustain over one half of Georgia's protected species, provide breeding grounds for wildfowl, serve as nursery and spawning grounds for commercial fisheries, play a key role in water quality and hydrological cycles, and

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

5-1

have an enormous impact on Georgia recreation. It is estimated that Georgia has approximately five million acres of wetlands. Of these, over 700,000 acres are tidally affected wetlands.
In 1970, the Georgia General Assembly enacted the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act (CMPA) to protect and conserve vital estuarine marshlands. The CMPA, administered by the CRD, Habitat Management Program, provides a permitting process for certain water related uses, and prohibits or restricts other uses impacting tidal wetlands. Permit applicants must demonstrate that the proposed project is water dependant, minimizes impacts to tidal marshlands, that no feasible alternative sites exist, and that the project is within the public interest in order to receive a permit. Through the permit review process, most applications are either revised to eliminate the need for a permit, or withdrawn because of potential adverse impacts. The CMPA was amended in 1989 to include a requirement that commercial docking facilities pay a fair market value annual lease for use of the State owned tidal waters. In 1992, this act was amended and revised to increase the protection given to jurisdictional waters, and provided for a mechanism to handle permit applications for small projects in a more timely manner. Wetland losses for tidal marshes have been controlled by the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act. Since enactment of the CMPA in 1970, a total of 348 permits have been issued. These 348 permits have authorized the filling of approximately 167 acres of tidal wetlands. During the last five years, the CRD, Habitat Management program has aggressively investigated more than 160 illegal/unauthorized activities impacting tidal wetlands. In each instance, individuals responsible for the tidal areas impacted were required to comply with the CMPA and restore any lost tidal areas to their original state prior to impacts.
Shellfish Sanitation Program
Georgia's one-hundred linear mile coastline contains approximately 700,000 acres of potential shellfish habitat. Only about 10% of that area, however, actually produces viable shellfish stocks. Lack of suitable cultch, tidal amplitudes, littoral slope, and other geomorphological features contribute to the limited occurrence of natural shellfish resources along the Georgia coast. Most shellfish in Georgia grow in the narrow inter-tidal zone and are exposed between high water and low water tidal periods. Very few shellfish are naturally produced in sub-tidal waters.
In July, 1997, Georgia maintained 31,816 acres approved for the harvest of shellfish for commercial and/or personal consumption. In order to classify any growing area as "Approved" for the harvest of shellfish, the National Shellfish Sanitation Program's (NSSP) Manual of Operations (Part 1, Section C-3,a) requires that the state show that the growing area "is not subject to contamination from human and/or animal fecal matter in amounts that in the judgement of the SSCA [State Shellfish Control Authority] may present an actual or potential hazard to public health." Standards of the NSSP further require the state to regularly collect water samples from each approved harvest area and to perform certain analytical procedures to ensure that the area is free from fecal matter as indicated by the absence of coliform bacteria. Georgia is vigorous in its approach to protecting the health of shellfish consumers. Although the guidelines of the

5-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

National Shellfish Sanitation Program call for testing shellfish growing waters for contaminants on six occasions per year, the Coastal Resources Division doubles that effort by testing the waters twelve times per year.
Georgia currently has three harvest areas comprised of commercial leases and public recreational plots. Table 5-1 indicates the location and size of those areas approved for shellfish harvest. Only those areas designated for Public Recreational Harvest or those areas under commercial lease are classified as "Approved". All other wasters of the state are classified "Prohibited" and are closed to the taking of shellfish.
During FY96 the Growing Area Element of the Georgia Shellfish Sanitation Project was evaluated by the Federal Food and Drug Administration. The project administered by Coastal Resources Division was found to be in full compliance with the National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) requirements.
TABLE 5-1 LOCATION AND SIZE OF AREAS APPROVED FOR SHELLFISH HARVEST

County Chatham Bryan/Liberty McIntosh Glynn/Camden

Approved 2,903 acres 0 14,902 acres
14,011 acres

Leased 1,500 acres (51.7%)
0 9,782 acres (65.6%) 6,402 acres (45.7%)

Public 1,403 acres (48.3%
0 5,120 acres (34.4%) 7,609 acres (54.3%)

Commercial Fishing Program
The CRD conducts several programs to assess stocks of commercially and recreationally important fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. The Commercial Fisheries Program conducts monthly shrimp and crab assessment trawls in the Wassaw, Ossabaw, Sapelo, St. Simons, St. Andrew and Cumberland Sound systems. This sampling is used to evaluate the abundance, size composition, and reproductive status of penaeid shrimp and blue crab for the opening and closing of fishing seasons and areas. Information is also obtained on the commercial landings by species of fish and shellfish harvested each month in Georgia's coastal waters. Recreational finfish landings are monitored by the National Marine Fisheries Service. The Recreational Fisheries Program conducts stock assessments on selected marine sportfish (i.e. spotted seatrout and red drum (closed) and determines the relative abundance of most marine sportfish.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

5-3

Total annual commercial landings in Georgia have ranged from 11.6 to 18 .4 million pounds of product over the 20 year period from 1977 to 1997. Commercial fishermen in Georgia have landed an average annual catch of 14.8 million pounds over the period. The species composition of reported landings has varied substantially. For example, prior to 1980 there were no reported landings of whelks (Busycon) in coastal Georgia. A market became established in the early 1980's, and by 1988 Georgia was landing over 1 million pounds of raw meat (3 million pounds of shell stock), making the state the top producer of whelks or conchs in the nation. This fishery developed as an alternative to shrimp trawling for roughly 40 vessels on an average annual basis. Preliminary 1997 landings are 621,230 pounds of raw meat (1.9 million pounds of shell stock). The population dynamics of whelks are poorly understood, but preliminary examinations of catch and effort data have revealed no decrease in stock density over time, and landings have been inversely related to shrimp productivity. A slight trend for the fishery to land smaller animals has been noted.
Penaeid shrimps are the most valuable catch in Georgia commercial landings, typically totaling over 16 million dollars (4.7 million pounds of tails) in unadjusted, ex-vessel value during recent years. Catches are composed primarily of white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) during the fall, winter and spring, and brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) during the summer. These shrimp spawn in oceanic waters, but depend on the salt marsh wetlands to foster their juvenile and subadult stages. White shrimp landings have varied over the last 40 years with no overall trend. Research has shown that densities of spawning stock, and to a lesser extent fall harvest, respond strongly to cold air outbreaks during the early winter which produce wide scale kills of white shrimp, and to a suite of environmental variables impacting the salt marsh ecosystem which produce a range of growing conditions. Landings in 1984 following the Christmas freeze of 1983 were 52% below the long term average. Stocks recovered during 1985-1989 as evidenced by increased landings and increases in monthly experimental trawl samples. The Christmas freeze of 1989 produced another region wide kill. Following this event, the states of Georgia and South Carolina closed their territorial waters to shrimp harvest, then requested and received a concurrent closure of adjacent federal waters which covered the spawning season. A combination of this spawning closure and favorable growth and survival conditions during the following 13 months produced an excellent fall/winter harvest during 1990/1991 and a record spring harvest during 1991. In 1995, the record shrimp harvest of 7.1 million pounds was recorded.
Trends in the brown shrimp fishery present a different picture. While recent landings and experimental catches have varied with no apparent pattern, the long term (40 year) trend in brown shrimp landings has been downward. Several alternative hypotheses bear examination. Reported declines in brown shrimp production may reflect the effects of a shrinking range due to land use practices, and climatological changes. Conditions for juvenile growth and survival may have been altered by a changing climate or direct and indirect alteration to nursery grounds (losses or changes in the quality of fresh and salt water wetlands). Additionally, possible misclassification of brown shrimp by Port Agents may be a factor in the earlier time series of the reported landings. Although highly unlikely with current fishing technology and economic

5-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

conditions, over fishing of the spawning stock may be resulting in poorer recruitment to Georgia's nursery grounds. Some combination of factors may be influencing stock abundance. Economic conditions in all domestic shrimp fisheries are declining, primarily due to low unit prices kept down by high volumes of imported product, and by increasing costs of operation.
Reported annual blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) landings have declined significantly from earlier landings, with landings in recent years being as much as 40% below the historic average. Blue crabs live longer than penaeid shrimps (3-4 years versus 1-2 years), and also exhibit less extreme fluctuations in annual abundance from one year to the next. Reported 1997 commercial landings (6.8 million pounds) were a full million pounds higher than 1996 (5.8 million), but remained significantly below the 9.2 million pound longterm average since 1956. The exact cause of these reduced landings is unknown at this time, but is possibly linked to reduced abundance resulting from precipitation variations and wetlands drainage patterns which in turn affect discharge rates in the coastal zone. In addition, non-reporting of commecial landings is considered to be problematic in evaluating true population declines versus missing landings.
Economic conditions in the crab fishery are generally good at the individual harvester level due to a high ex-vessel price commanded by the live bushel trade and the soft crab market. However, the processing (picking) sector of this industry has suffered during periods of low abundance and as a result of the live bushel trade, with three plants closing since 1980. Research is focusing on trend variations in landings and the relative impact of harvest of spawners on the stock's ability to recover.
Total finfish landings have increased over time. This has been effected by the re-establishment of an offshore fleet in Georgia during the late 1970's. Snapper, grouper, porgy, king mackerel, sharks, wreckfish, and associated species have contributed to the trend. Some of these species are currently in an over-fished state and are under intensive management. Others, such as king mackerel, have responded positively to state and federal management. American shad populations in the Altamaha River have fluctuated over the past 30 years. Research conducted in 1967 and 1968 generated population size estimates, and the shad run of 1.9 million fish in 1968 was the largest of the time series examined. Additional research conducted since 1982 has been able to provide updated population estimates and has shown Altamaha shad runs quadrupling from 70,396 fish in 1991 to 272,556 in 1997. This rebound may be attributable to a statistically significant decrease in commercial fishing effort which occurred from 1982 to 1991. Apparently, as older fishermen have left, there have been few new entrants into the fishery. No effort estimates are available since 1991. Regulations have remained fairly constant over the past 15 years. The only two modifications were a 15-day season extension in 1983, and commercial fishing regulations in 1984 to clarify open and closed areas on the Altamaha River. No changes were made to shad sportfishing regulations. While the increases in landings and stock size over the past six years are significant, they still represent only a fraction of the 1968 run.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

5-5

Atlantic sturgeon landings continued to decline to very low levels during the last 20 years, and strict harvest limitations have been unable to rebuild spawning stock. Bycatch of juveniles in the shad and shrimp fisheries may also have hindered this stock's recovery as well as that of the endangered shortnose sturgeon. As a result of the stock crash of the Atlantic sturgeon stocks in Georgia, the commercial season was closed indefinitely in 1997 to allow the stocks to recover. Research on Atlantic sturgeon in the Altamaha River and the endangered shortnose sturgeon in the Altamaha and Savannah Rivers indicated that these species have very narrow habitat requirements especially during the summer. The impact of habitat and water quality alterations on the stock is unknown.
Total landings of bivalve molluscs have fluctuated greatly over the last 20 years. During the 1970's landings were totally dominated by oysters (Crassostrea), generally over 50,000 pounds of raw meats per annum. During the early 1980's fishermen were increasingly focused on hard clams (Mercenaria) due to stock declines in other areas along the east coast and their market value. This combined with increasing acreages available for harvest activities due to water quality certifications, allowed the replacement of oysters by clams as the premier species from 1986-1988. From 1988-1992 clam landings again declined and oyster landings grew. In 1996 clams were up with 31,647 pounds versus only 4,269 pounds of oysters. In 1997, clam and oyster harvest was modest at 16,371 pounds and 7,480 pounds. Labor costs have effected this change in combination with temporary inaccessibility to some grounds because of conflicts over harvest rights. No acreage has been lost to deteriorating water quality. Current research is focusing on improvements in stock genetics (growth and appearance enhancements), cultch substrate comparisons, and establishing new populations.
Recreational fishing effort, in numbers of trips, has exhibited substantial variation from year to year. In 1996 total trips were estimated to be 577,137 with a total catch of 2.0 million finfish. In order to preserve sport fish stocks, regulations establishing seasons, creel limits, and size limits for 17 species were instituted in 1989. In 1991, these were revised to further reduce the fishing mortality on red drum. Recent stock assessments now indicate that spotted seatrout need further harvest restrictions.
Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve
The Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve (SINERR) is one of 22 estuarine sites nationwide in the National Estuarine Research Reserve Program. Georgia began efforts to designate the Duplin Estuary as an estuarine sanctuary in 1975 and received designation from the Department of Commerce in 1976.
The SINERR has two primary functions: to protect natural and cultural resources and to allow scientists to investigate how such estuarine systems function. Of the 16,000 acres which make up Sapelo Island, SINERR occupies nearly one third. The DNR, which manages SINERR, also manages more than one half

5-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

the island as the Richard J. Reynolds Wildlife Management Area and another 2,732-acre tract designated as the Natural Area. Hog Hammock, a 434-acre tract, is privately owned.
The DNR has instituted protective management practices while promoting visitor activities including guided interpretive tours, hunting, fishing, and nature study. DNR activities include managing wildlife and forest resources, enforcing conservation laws, operating the ferry and visitor use facilities, presenting educational programs for visitors, and assisting in scientific monitoring. The research function of SINERR is largely carried on by the University of Georgia Marine Institute. The Maine Institute employs full-time scientists, technical, and support staff. Its research is centered on how salt-marsh estuaries function. Fully 80% of the Marine Institute research is conducted within the SINERR.
Coastal Zone Management
Recognizing the economic importance of environmentally sensitive coastal areas, the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 encourages states to balance sustainable development with resource protection in their coastal zone. As an incentive, the federal government awards states financial assistance to develop and implement coastal zone management (CZM) programs that fulfill the guidelines established by the Act. As further incentive, states with federally-approved CZM programs are granted "federal consistency" authority whereby any federal activity that may impact resources within a state's coastal zone must be consistent with the enforceable policies of that state's federally-approved CZM program. Thus, states with approved programs have a voice in federal activities such as harbor projects, federal permits, federal fisheries management plans, and federally financed construction projects.
To achieve approval, state CZM programs must address the protection of natural resources and fish and wildlife, coastal development, public access to the coast for recreational purposes, and other aspects of coastal management. State programs must also include public and local government participation in coastal management decision making. States must submit CZM programs to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for approval in order to receive federal implementation funds. The annual amount of implementation funding available to each state with an approved program is based upon a formula factoring in the linear miles of coastline with coastal population. With an approved CZM program, Georgia is eligible for more than $1 million annually.
Developed over the past five years through an extensive public process, the Georgia Coastal Management Program is a networked program implemented by the CRD and other state agencies with management authority in the coastal area. As lead agency for the program, the CRD conducts several functions including managing saltwater fisheries, monitoring water quality for shellfish, administering Coastal Marshlands Permits and Shore Permits, providing technical assistance, reviewing federal activities for consistency with the state laws that comprise the Coastal Management Program, and other activities. Other state, local, and federal agencies continue to administer their respective authorities, and cooperate with the CRD on coastal

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

5-7

issues. Acting as a strategic plan for the coastal area, the Program relies on existing state laws and authorities to fulfill federal resource protection guidelines. The jurisdiction of the Program extends over the first and second tier of coastal counties to encompass all tidally-influenced waters. This eleven-county area includes: Brantley, Bryan, Camden, Charlton, Chatham, Effingham, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh, and Wayne.
The Georgia Coastal Management Program seeks to balance economic development in Georgia's coastal zone with preservation of natural, environmental, historic, archaeological, and recreational resources for the benefit of Georgia's present and future generations. Several activities will help the CRD achieve these goals in a proactive manner without increasing bureaucracy. The Program will offer Coastal Incentive Grants to local communities to promote grassroots solutions to coastal issues. The Program will promote interagency cooperation through regular meetings and technical assistance. The Program will simplify permitting processes in order to be more customer friendly and allow staff to focus on resource protection rather than paperwork. The Program will open a site office in Savannah for coastal permitting, to better serve the public in that area. Finally, the Program will educate the public on coastal issues by hiring a public outreach specialist, hosting an annual coastal environmental education festival, and implementing the Coastal Ark, a mobile resource training and education unit.
The GAEPD has been an active participant throughout the development of the Georgia Coastal Management Program. The agency has provided guidance and technical assistance in efforts to improve coastal water quality in general, and in the development of a Coastal NonPoint Source Control Program in particular. Under the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments of 1990, Congress added a section entitled "Protecting Coastal Waters." This section directs states with federally-approved CZM programs to develop a Coastal NonPoint Source Program. To that end, the GAEPD is assisting the CRD in l) identifying land uses which may cause or contribute to the degradation of coastal waters, 2) identifying critical coastal areas adjacent to affected coastal waters, 3) identification of appropriate measures related to land use impacts to achieve and maintain water quality standards and designated uses, and 4) identifying management boundaries to more effectively manage land use impacts and water uses to protect coastal waters.
EPA Wetland Protection Development Grants.
Joint General Permit with the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Savanna District Development Project. Start 7-1-94, End 6-30-95. The goal of this grant was to simplify the permitting process by reducing unnecessary duplication between involved State and Federal agencies and by reducing permit processing times for the individual applicant for private, recreational docks. This allowed valuable personnel and monetary resources to be more effectively allocated to activities directly affecting the State's coastal resources, such as monitoring and enforcement.

5-8

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Georgia Wetlands Training and Technical Support Project. Start 7-1-94, End 6-30-97. The goal of this grant was to improve state wetlands management through an in-service training program that would enhance the capabilities of conservation officers to recognize and report violations of current federal and state regulatory laws and permits designed to prevent the loss of wetlands and degradation caused by erosion and sedimentation and non-point source pollution. A second goal of this grant was to enhance the understanding of the ecological value of wetlands and wetlands protection of local government officers, educators, and teachers in the coastal counties by providing training and printed support materials. Digitization was also completed on the National Wetland Inventory maps for the entire coast of Georgia.
EPA Lower Altamaha River Watershed Demonstration Project. Start 7-1-95, End 6-30-97. The main goals of the Demonstration Project were to inventory and analyze wetlands data collected from the Altamaha River watershed using GIS; classify and rank priority wetlands within the watershed; design a wetlands protection strategy; and develop individualized maps and informational packets for landowners. The end result of the two year Lower Altamaha River Watershed Demonstration Project is a comprehensive management plan for the lower watershed based on scientific data collected before and during the project. The management plan includes an identification of priority wetlands; and analysis of the stresses to the system and the sources of those stresses; and strategies and goals that will serve as recommendations on how to best conserve, preserve and restore the flora, fauna and habitats of the Altamaha River watershed. As a result, State, regional, and local officials will be able to use the management plan to make realistic planning and land use decisions based on sound scientific data; and individual landowners will be well informed about the value of their land and the potential conservation and preservation options available to them.
Consolidating and Streamlining the Permitting Process in Georgia Coastal Counties. Start 7-1-96, End 6-30-99. The goal of this grant is to develop processes to enhance State regulatory authority and policies in regards to wetlands by improving coordination of Section 401 Water Quality Certification with EPD and State Programmatic General Permits for residential docks with the Army Corps of Engineers. The grant will identify and combine various programs, resources, and recommendations into a wetlands protection strategy that reduces duplicative programs to achieve more comprehensive habitat protection in coastal Georgia.
EPA Wetlands Protection Through Partners in Conservation Grant Program. Start 8-1-97, End 7-31-99. The goal of this grant is to develop watershed-based wetland technical assistance, outreach activities, and training opportunities to local government officials within the eleven county coastal area of Georgia. The objectives of this grant enable Coastal Resources Division to foster wetland ecosystem considerations in local land use decisions, to expand local government capacity to become proactive in protecting wetland resources, and to encourage local government officials to take responsible actions regarding environmental issues affecting coastal Georgia. The Coastal Resources Division will establish an information clearing house and coordination function to bring understanding and implementation of currently

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

5-9

available wetland management tools and techniques directly to stakeholders, including local government regulators, elected officials, and building inspectors in the eleven coastal counties. A mobile classroom called the Coastal Ark will be used to conduct on-site training, demonstrations, and technical assistance.

5-10

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

CHAPTER 6
Public Health/Aquatic Life Issues

Fish Consumption Guidelines

Background. Fishing is a valuable activity to Georgia's citizens. The ways in which people participate in fishing varies widely. To some people, fishing is an activity associated with family. Teaching children to catch bream off a dock or taking a group of campers at a scout camp for an afternoon of bank fishing are both memorable experiences. Some people participate in fishing purely for the challenge of competition, either competing in an organized club tournament or just competing with the fish to bring to creel and release a limit. Catching fish for the dinner table is also a valuable activity. No matter how a person participates in fishing it should be a fun and safe activity. This also includes eating the fish.

Unfortunately, some fish from a few waterbodies contain substances, which prohibit the safe consumption in unlimited quantities. The Wildlife Resources Division (WRD), the Coastal Resources Division (CRD), and the GAEPD of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) work cooperatively to collect and analyze fish samples to provide information for Georgia fishermen.

Fish Monitoring Program. Georgia has more than 44,000 miles of perennial streams and more than 421,000 acres of lakes. It is not possible for the DNR to sample every stream and lake in the state. However, high priority has been placed on the 26 major reservoirs, which make up more than 90% of the total lake acreage. These lakes will continue to be sampled as part of a five year rotating schedule to track any trends in fish contaminant levels. The DNR has also made sampling fish in rivers and streams downstream of urban and/or industrial areas a high priority. In addition, DNR focuses attention on areas, which are frequented by a large number of anglers.

The program includes testing of fish tissue samples for the substances listed in Table 6-1. Of the 43 constituents tested, only PCBs, chlordane, dieldrin, and mercury have been found in fish at concentrations, which may create a fish consumption problem.

TABLE 6-1 PARAMETERS FOR FISH TISSUE TESTING

Antimony Arsenic Beryllium Cadmium Chromium, Total Copper Lead

Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Zinc Aldrin

a-BHC b-BHC d-BHC g-BHC (Lindane) Chlordane 4,4-DDD 4,4-DDE

4,4-DDT Dieldrin Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan Sulfate Endrin Endrin Aldehyde

Heptachlor Heptachlor Epoxide Toxaphene PCB-1016 PCB-1221 PCB-1232 PCB-1242

PCB-1248 PCB-1254 PCB-1260 Methoxychlor HCB Mirex Pentachloroanisole Chlorpyrifos

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

6-1

The use of PCBs and chlordane was banned in the United States in the late 1970s, and, over time, the levels are expected to decline. Mercury is a naturally occurring metal that cycles between the land, water, and the air. As mercury cycles through the environment it is absorbed and ingested by plants and animals. It is not known where the mercury in Georgia's fish originates. Mercury may be present due to mercury content in natural environments such as in South Georgia swamps, from municipal or industrial sources, or from fossil fuel uses. It is also possible that mercury contamination is related to global atmospheric transport. States across the southeast and the nation have detected mercury in fish at levels which limit fish consumption. In 1995, the USEPA updated guidance on mercury, which documented increased risks of consuming fish with mercury. The DNR reassessed all mercury data and added reduced consumption guidelines in 1996 for a number of lakes and streams, which had no restrictions in 1995. The Georgia guidance for 1997-1999 reflect the continued use of the more stringent USEPA risk level for mercury.
Risk-Based Assessment. In 1995, Georgia began issuing tiered recommendations for fish consumption. Georgia's fish consumption guidelines are "risk-based" and are conservatively developed using currently available scientific information regarding likely intake rates of fish and toxicity values for contaminants detected. One of four, simple, species-specific recommendations is possible under the guidelines: No Restriction, Limit Consumption to One Meal Per Week, Limit Consumption to One Meal Per Month, or Do Not Eat. In 1999, 60 % of recommendations for fish tested in Georgia waters were for No Restriction, 26 % were to Limit Consumption to One Meal Per Week, 11 % were to Limit Consumption to One Meal Per Month, and 3 % were Do Not Eat Advisories. Eighty-six percent of the recommendations available in 1999 were for no, or only minor restrictions (allowing more than 50 meals to be consumed per year). It should be noted that the dramatic increase of waters not fully meeting designated uses as related to fish consumption is a result of converting to a conservative risk-based approach for evaluating contaminants data, and is not a result of increased contaminant concentrations in Georgia's fish.
General Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks. The following suggestions may help to reduce the risks of fish consumption:
Keep Smaller Fish For Eating. As a general rule, larger, older fish may be more contaminated than smaller, younger fish from the same body of water. You can minimize your health risk by eating smaller fish that are within legal size limits.
Vary The Kind of Fish You Eat. Contaminants build up in top predators and bottom-feeders, like bass and catfish, to a greater extent than panfish, such as bream and crappie.
Clean And Cook Your Fish Properly. How you clean and cook your fish can reduce the level of contaminants by as much as half in some fish. Some chemicals have a tendency to concentrate in the fatty tissues of fish. By removing the fish's skin and trimming fillets according to the following diagram, you can

6-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

reduce the level of chemicals substantially. Mercury is bound to the meat of the fish, so these precautions will not help reduce this contaminant.
Remove The Skin From Fillets Or Steaks. The internal organs (intestines, liver, and so forth) and skin are often high in fat and contaminants.
Trim Off The Fatty Areas. These include the belly fat, side fat, and the flesh along the top of the back. Careful trimming can reduce some contaminants by 25 to 50%.
Cook Fish So Fat Drips Away. Broil, bake, or grill fish and do not use the drippings. Deep fat frying removes some contaminants, but you should discard the oil once you have cooked the fish. Pan-frying removes few, if any, contaminants.
Specific Waterbody Consumption Guidelines. These guidelines are designed to protect you from experiencing health problems associated with eating contaminated fish. It should be noted that these guidelines are based on the best scientific information and procedures available. As more advanced procedures are developed, these guidelines may change.
PCBs, chlordane, dieldrin and methylmercury build up in your body over time. It may take months or years of regularly eating contaminated fish to accumulate levels, which would affect your health. It is important to keep in mind that these guidelines are based on eating fish with similar contamination over a period of 30 years or more. These guidelines are not intended to discourage people from eating fish. They are intended to help fishermen choose safe fish for the table.
Table 6-2 lists the lakes and streams where the fish have been tested and found to contain little or no contamination. There are no problems with eating fish from these water bodies.
Tables 6-3 and 6-4 list the lakes and streams where consumption guidance has been issued by the DNR. This information is provided annually in Georgia's Freshwater and Saltwater Fishing Regulations, which is available from DNR and also supplied with each fishing license purchased. This information is also updated annually in the DNR publication Guidelines for Eating Fish From Georgia Waters.
Special Notice For Pregnant Women, Nursing Mothers, and Children. If you plan to become pregnant in the next year or two, are pregnant now, or are a nursing mother, you and your children under 6 years of age are especially sensitive to the effects of some contaminants. For added protection, women in these categories and children may wish to limit consumption to a greater extent than recommended in Tables 6-3 and 6-4.
Fish tissue consumption guidelines are discussed in detail in the DNR publication Guidelines for Eating Fish from Georgia Waters - 1999 that is reproduced in Appendix C.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

6-3

TABLE 6-2 NO CONSUMPTION RESTRICTIONS - 1999

LAKES
Blackshear City of Adairsville Pond Chatuge Gordon Lake North Gordon Lake South Hard Labor Creek (Rutledge) Juliette Ken Garden Mayer McDuffie PFA Olmstead Paradise PFA (Patrick & Horseshoe 4) Sinclair Shepard Tobesofkee Varner

RIVERS
Alcovy River Boen Creek (Rabun Co.) Brasstown Creek (Towns Co.) Broad River Buffalo Creek (Carroll Co.) Butternut Creek (Union Co.) Cane Creek (Lumpkin Co.) Chattahoochee River (Chattahoochee, Early, & Stewart cos.) Chattanooga Creek Chattooga River (NW Ga.) Dukes Creek Flint River (Taylor, Dougherty, Baker & Mitchell cos.) Daniels Creek (Cloudland Canyon State Park) East Chickamauga Creek Goldmine Branch Jacks River Jones Creek Little Dry Creek (Floyd Co.) Little Tallapoosa River Mill Creek (Whitfield Co.) Moccasin Creek (Lake Burton Trout Hatchery) Noon Day Creek (Cobb Co.) Ocmulgee River (Houston & Twiggs cos.) Oconee River (Laurens Co. & Milledgeville to Dublin) Ogeechee River (Ft. McAllister) Ponder Branch (Walker Co.) Slab Camp Creek (Oconee Co.) Stamp Creek (Pine Log WMA) Stekoa Creek Tallapoosa River Yahoola Creek Yellow River.

Bathing Area Monitoring
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has conducted fecal coliform monitoring at its bathing beaches in Georgia. The National Forest Service, the Georgia State Parks, and counties and cities throughout the state have also conducted some sampling. During the reporting period one area was reopened to swimming. The City of Acworth closed a swimming beach on Lake Acworth in the early 1990s. In 1994-

6-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

1995, a water quality investigation of Lake Acworth and its watershed was conducted by Kennesaw State College under a contract with Cobb County. Based on the results of the study, Cobb County developed and implemented portions of an action plan for water quality improvements. In 1997 the City of Acworth and Cobb County conducted monitoring on Lake Acworth. The City of Acworth reopened the beach in June 1998. Shellfish Area Closures
The potential shellfish growing areas on the Georgia coast are classified as "Approved", "Restricted", or "Prohibited" in accordance with the criteria of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. Shellfish growing areas classified as "Prohibited" are listed in Appendix A. These areas are closed to shell fishing because of the proximity to a marina or a municipal or industrial discharge.
TABLE 6-3 GUIDELINES FOR LIMITING THE FISH YOU EAT
LAKES - 1999

LAKES
Albany By-Pass Pond

NO RESTRICTIONS

Acworth Allatoona
Andrews Banks

Bluegill, Largemouth bass under 16"
Carp under 16", Crappie, Golden redhorse Spotted bass under 12", Largemouth bass 12-16" Channel catfish under 16"
Channel catfish
Bluegill

Bennett - C. Elliott PFA Big Haynes Big Lazer Blue Ridge Burton
Carters
Clarks Hill
Evans County PFA
Goat Rock

Channel catfish under 12"
Largemouth bass 12-16"
Channel catfish over 12"
Largemouth bass 6-12", White catfish under 16" Channel catfish, Bluegill
Walleye 12-16", Largemouth bass over 12" Spotted bass under 16", Channel catfish over 12"
Catfish under 16", Black crappie, Redear sunfish White perch under 12", Striped bass
Spotted sucker, Hybrid bass, Bullheads under 12"
Channel catfish Largemouth bass 12-16"
Black crappie, Channel catfish under 16" Largemouth bass 12-16", Spotted sucker

1 MEAL PER WEEK Largemouth bass over 12"
Brown bullhead Largemouth bass over 16"
Spotted bass 12-16" Carp over 16", White bass 12-16"
Largemouth bass over 16" Largemouth bass over 12"
Largemouth bass over 12"

1 MEAL PER MONTH
Largemouth bass over 12"

Channel catfish 12-16" Largemouth bass over 16"
White bass 12-16" Largemouth bass over 16"

Largemouth bass 12-16"

Walleye over 16"

Catfish over 16" Largemouth bass over 12"

Largemouth bass over 16"

Hybrid bass under 12" Largemouth bass over 16"

Hybrid bass over 16" Channel catfish over 16"

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

6-5

Harding (Bartlett's Ferry)

Crappie

Hybrid bass under 12" Largemouth bass over 12" Channel catfish under 12"

Hybrid bass over 16" Channel catfish over 12"

TABLE 6-3 (Continued)

LAKES

NO RESTRICTIONS

1 MEAL PER WEEK

1 MEAL PER MONTH

Hartwell (Tugaloo Arm)

Black crappie, Hybrid/Striped bass under 12", Channel catfish under 16"

Largemouth bass over 12"

Hybrid/Striped bass 1216"
Channel catfish over 16"

DO NOT EAT Hybrid and Striped bass over 16 inches in length

Hartwell (Main Body Downlake of Andersonville Island; courtesy of S.C. DHEC)

Largemouth bass, Channel catfish
DO NOT EAT Hybrid and Striped bass (S.C. DHEC -- South Carolina Dept. of Health and Environmental Control, 1-888-849-7241)

High Falls

Channel catfish under 16" Largemouth bass under 16", Redear sunfish

Channel catfish over 16" Largemouth bass over 16"

Jackson

Black crappie, Redear sunfish Catfish under 16"

Catfish over 16" Largemouth bass over 12"

Lanier

Catfish, Bluegill, Black crappie

Largemouth bass over 12"

Carp over 16"

Nancytown

Bream

Nottely

Channel catfish, Black crappie

Largemouth bass over 12"

Oconee

Largemouth bass under 16", Channel catfish White catfish, Black crappie Hybrid bass under 16"

Largemouth bass over 16"

Oliver

Largemouth bass 12-16", Striped bass under 12" Channel catfish under 12", Redear sunfish, Bluegill

Largemouth bass over 16"

Channel catfish over 12"

Rabun

Largemouth bass 12-16", Bluegill White catfish under 16"

White catfish over 16" Largemouth bass over 16"

Richard B. Russell

Largemouth bass 12-16", Black crappie under 16" White perch under 12", Channel catfish under 16"
Bullhead under 12", Bluegill

White catfish under 12" Largemouth bass over 16"

Seminole

Bullhead under 12", Largemouth bass 12-16" Channel catfish, Spotted sucker under 16"

Bullhead over 12" Largemouth bass over 16"

Stone Mountain

Catfish

Largemouth bass over 16"

Tugaloo

White catfish under 16", Bluegill

Largemouth bass

Walter F. George

Hybrid bass, Crappie, Catfish under 16"

Largemouth bass, Catfish over 16"

West Point

Black crappie, Hybrid bass Largemouth bass

Carp, Channel catfish

Worth

Largemouth bass 12-16", Flathead catfish Channel catfish under 16", Spotted sucker

Channel catfish over 16" Largemouth bass over 16"

6-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

TABLE 6-4 GUIDELINES FOR LIMITING THE FISH YOU EAT
RIVERS - 1999

RIVERS / CREEKS Alapaha River

NO RESTRICTIONS Redbreast sunfish

Alapahoochee River Altamaha River

Channel catfish

Apalachee River Beaver Creek (Taylor Co.) Brier Creek (Burke Co.) Canoochee River

Channel catfish

Casey Canal
Chattahoochee River (Buford Dam to Morgan Falls Dam)
Chattahoochee River (Morgan Falls Dam to Peachtree Creek)
Chattahoochee River (Peachtree Creek to Franklin, Ga)
Chattahoochee River (Oliver Dam to Chattahoochee Co.)
Chattahoochee River (West Point dam to I-85)
Chickamauga Creek (West)
Coosa River (Floyd Co.)

Largemouth bass, Bluegill Brown trout, Carp
Brown trout, Jumprock sucker Largemouth bass
Channel catfish, Spotted bass White sucker, Carp Largemouth bass
Largemouth bass, Bullheads
Redbreast sunfish Spotted bass

Etowah River (above Lake Allatoona)

Golden redhorse

Etowah River (below Lake Allatoona)

Channel catfish Striped bass, Bluegill

Flint River (Meriwether/Upson/Pike cos.) Channel catfish, Flathead catfish

Flint River (Spalding/Fayette cos.)

Spotted sucker

Gum Creek (Crisp Co.)

Carp

Little River (above Clarks Hill Lake)

Spotted sucker

Ochlockonee River (near Thomasville)

Ocmulgee River (Bibb Co.)

Largemouth bass, Channel & Flathead catfish

Ocmulgee River (Pulaski Co.)

Channel catfish

Ocmulgee River (Telfair/Wilcox cos.)

Oconee River (above Barnett Shoals)

1 MEAL PER WEEK Spotted sucker
Spotted bullhead Flathead catfish Largemouth bass Largemouth bass
Spotted sucker Redbreast sunfish, Channel catfish
(above Ft. Stewart) Striped mullet
Rainbow trout, Largemouth bass

1 MEAL PER MONTH Largemouth bass Spotted bullhead
Yellow bullhead Largemouth bass Largemouth bass, Channel catfish (below Ft. Stewart)

Carp

Largemouth bass

Striped bass

Channel catfish

Spotted bass

Spotted bass Black crappie, Largemouth bass
Spotted bass Spotted bass Largemouth bass Shoal bass Largemouth bass Largemouth bass Largemouth bass Spotted sucker, White catfish Black crappie

Striped bass, Channel catfish, Smallmouth buffalo
Smallmouth buffalo
Largemouth bass

Largemouth bass
Flathead catfish Largemouth bass
Silver redhorse,Largemouth bass

TABLE 6-4 (Continued)

RIVERS / CREEKS

NO RESTRICTIONS

1 MEAL PER WEEK

1 MEAL PER MONTH

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

6-7

Ogeechee River (Bryan/Burke/Jefferson/ Washington cos.)

Channel catfish

Redbreast sunfish, Bowfin Spotted sucker, Chain pickerel

Ogeechee River (Bulloch Co.) Ohoopee River (Hwy 80 to Hwy 280)

Okefenokee Swamp (Billy's Lake) Oostanaula River

Bluegill, Spotted bass

Patsiliga Creek (Taylor Co.) Pipemaker Canal Satilla River Savannah River (above & below New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam) Savannah River (Chatham/Screven cos.) Savannah River (Effingham Co.)
Savannah River (Tidal Gate) Short Creek (Warren Co.) South River
Spring Creek (Seminole/Decatur/Miller cos) St. Marys River (Camden Co.) St. Marys River (Charlton Co.) Suwannee River Swamp Creek (Redwine Cove Road) Talking Rock Creek Withlacoochee River

Redbreast sunfish
Channel catfish, Redear sunfish Channel catfish Redbreast sunfish Red drum
Snail & Flat bullhead, Channel catfish, Spotted sucker Redear sunfish Spotted sucker
Redbreast sunfish
Redbreast sunfish

Largemouth bass Spotted sucker Redbreast sunfish
Flier Largemouth bass Channel catfish Grayfin redhorse, Suckers Largemouth bass Channel catfish Spotted sucker Largemouth bass Largemouth bass
White catfish
White catfish Sunfish
Largemouth bass, White catfish Black crappie, Silver redhorse
Largemouth bass
Largemouth bass Redbreast sunfish Bullhead, Chain pickerel
Redeye bass Redeye bass Suwannee bass

Largemouth bass Largemouth bass
Bowfin Striped bass Smallmouth buffalo
Bass Largemouth bass
Largemouth bass, Bowfin
Largemouth bass Largemouth bass Largemouth bass

COASTAL RIVERS & CREEKS Turtle River System (Purvis and Gibson creeks) Turtle & Buffalo Rivers (upriver of Hwy 303)
Turtle River (Hwy 303 - Channel Marker 9)
Turtle River (Channel marker 9 & South Brunswick River downstream to Dubignons & Parsons creeks) Terry Creek (south of Torras Causeway to Lanier Basin)

NO RESTRICTIONS
Shrimp Shrimp Shrimp Flounder Red drum Spot, Mullet, Shrimp Croaker, Spotted seatrout Red & Black drum, Blue crab

1 MEAL PER WEEK

1 MEAL PER MONTH

DO NOT EAT all Seafood

Red drum Blue crab, Flounder
Flounder Croaker Blue crab

Croaker Spotted seatrout

Black drum, Clams, Mussels,
Oysters

Red & Black drum Spotted Clams, Mussels

seatrout

Oysters

Croaker, Blue crab

Black drum Spotted seatrout

Clams, Mussels Oysters

Yellowtail (Silver perch)

Clams, Mussels Oysters

Special Listings for 1999
RIVERS / CREEKS Terry and Dupree creeks (all of Dupree Creek and Terry Creek north of Torras Causeway to mile west of confluence with the Back River)

Recommendation No Fishing or Swimminga

6-8

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

a Due to the disturbance of toxaphene-contaminated sediments in the cleanup process, the Ga. EPD, CRD, and US Environmental Protection Agency recommend that people refrain from fishing and swimming in this area.
Even though some of these areas meet the criteria to allow harvesting, they were classified as "Prohibited" so that a safe zone can be maintained in the event of an accidental spill. Additionally, another 179,000 acres of the potential shellfish growing area is classified as "Prohibited" due to the lack of available water quality data.
Pollution-Related Fish Kills
During the 1998-1999 period, a total of 41 fish kill events were reported, with 26 attributable to some pollutant entering a stream, lake, or reservoir. These events, including the suspected pollutant, its source, and estimated number of fish killed are presented in Table 6-5. Depending on the location, the first responders to a fish kill event are the DNR Wildlife Resources Division or Coastal Resources Division. GAEPD personnel typically augment the investigation. Depending on the circumstances causing the fish kill, GAEPD may issue a consent or administrative order and assess a civil penalty.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

6-9

TABLE 6-5 Pollution-Caused Fish Kills 1998-1999

Name of Waterbody Sandy Rock Creek, Walton County Ebenezer Creek, Effingham County Spring Creek, Miller County Lake Sinclair, Oconee River Basin, Putnam County
Rae's Creek, Savannah River Basin, Richmond County Little Creek, Coosa River Basin, Whitfield County Unnamed Trib. To New River, Suwannee R.B., Tift County Unnamed Trib. To Jackson Creek, Ocmulgee R.B., DeKalb County Hatchett Creek, Tennessee River Basin, Union County Little Nancy Creek, Chattahoochee R.B., Fulton County Cedar Creek, Savannah River Basin, Hart County Lullwater Creek, Chattahoochee River Basin, DeKalb County Little Cotton Indian Creek, Ocmulgee River Basin, Henry County Little Attapulgus Creek, Ochlockonee R.B., Decatur County Horseleg Creek, Coosa River Basin, Floyd County Unnamed Trib. To North Fork Peachtree Creek, DeKalb County Sewell Mill Creek, Chattahoochee R.B., Cobb County Flat Creek, Chattahoochee River Basin, Hall County Big Toms Creek, Savannah River Basin, Stephens County Unnamed Trib. To Etowah River, Coosa R.B., Cherokee County Unnamed Trib. To Rock Branch, Flint R.B., Coweta County Drainage Canal to Caney Branch, Satilla R.B., Ware County Borrow Pit on Racoon Creek, Ochlockonee R.B., Mitchell County Unnamed Trib. To Clark Creek, Cobb County
Little Ogeechee Creek, Ogeechee R.B., Chatham County Little Cedar Creek, Coosa River Basin, Floyd County Cooper Branch, Chattahoochee River Basin, Muscogee County West Chickamauga Creek, Tennessee R.B., Walker County Dry Creek, Tennessee River Basin Lawrence Creek, Coosa River Basin Chattahoochee River, Heard County Walnut Creek, Oconee River Basin
Mountain Oak Creek, Chattahoochee River Basin Unnamed Trib. To Nancy Creek, Chattahoochee River Basin Unnamed Trib. To Pine Log Creek Unnamed Trib. To Nancy Creek, Chattahoochee River Basin West Chickamauga Creek, Tennessee River Basin Tanyard Creek, Coosa River Basin
Euharlee Creek, Coosa River Basin Lake Lanier, Chattahoochee River Basin Unnamed Trib. To Rottenwood Creek, Chattahoochee R.B.

Pollutant of Concern Unknown Unknown Chlorine D.O. and Temperature
Sewage Spill Sewage Spill Unknown Sewage Discharge
Unknown Unknown Sewage Discharge Sewage Discharge Chlorine
Acid Spill Sewage Discharge Sewage Spill
Chlorine Sewage Discharge Mixed Chemicals Chemical discharge
Undetermined Chemical Spill Chlorine D.O. Depletion
Surcharging Sewage, D.O. Depletion D.O. Depletion Chlorine discharge Petroleum Discharge Industrial Chemical Discharge Unknown Sewage Discharge D.O. Depletion/Temperature D.O. Depletion
Unknown Sewage Discharge Ammonia & Creek Dewatering Sewage Discharge Unknown Sewage Discharge, D.O. Depletion Unknown Blasting Acid Spill

Source(s) of Pollutants Unknown Unknown City of Colquitt WWTP
City of Augusta Dalton Utilities Unknown DeKalb County
Unknown Unknown City of Hartwell DeKalb County Undetermined
Undetermined City of Rome DeKalb County
Private Swimming Pool City of Gainesville Chicken Rendering Plant Georgia Nutrients
Unknown City of Waycross Undetermined
Blocked sewer line
Flow Impingement Swimming Pool
Reichold Chemical Unknown City of Dallas
Manure Lagoon Discharge Unknown DeKalb County Individual DeKalb County Unknown
Unknown N/A Truck Accident

Comments 7 fish killed 50 fish killed 603 fish killed 17720 fish killed 1204 fish killed 148 fish killed 685 fish killed 1364 fish killed
Unknown 606 fish killed 163 fish killed 7517 fish killed 220 fish killed
147 fish killed 261 fish killed 428 fish killed
223 fish killed 342 fish killed 109 fish killed 32 fish killed
68 fish killed 223 fish killed 1230 fish killed
11 fish killed
200 fish killed 546 fish killed 289 fish killed 746 fish killed 908 fish killed 156 fish killed 759 fish killed 19059 fish killed 189 fish killed 1658 fish killed 351 fish killed 3517 fish killed 264 fish killed 4973 fish killed
7957 fish killed 309 fish killed 2482 fish killed

6-10

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

CHAPTER 7
Water Protection Programs
Program Perspective
The first major legislation to deal with water pollution control in Georgia was passed in 1957. The Act was ineffective and was replaced by the Water Quality Control Act of 1964. This Act established the Georgia Water Quality Control Board, the predecessor of the Environmental Protection Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources which was established in 1972. Early efforts by the Board in the late 1960's and early 1970's included documenting water quality conditions, cleanup of targeted pollution problems and the establishment of water use classifications and water quality standards. Trend monitoring efforts were initiated and a modest State construction grants program was implemented.
In 1972 the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 was enacted by Congress. Today, this law is known as the Clean Water Act (CWA). The CWA set the national agenda for water protection and launched the national objective to provide "for the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and provide for recreation in and on the water." The CWA established the NPDES permit system for regulation of municipal and industrial water pollution control plants, a water use classifications and standards process, and a construction grants process to fund the construction of municipal water pollution control facilities.
Most industries in Georgia had installed modern, effective water pollution control facilities by the end of 1972. In the mid/late 1970's emphasis was placed on the design and construction of municipal facilities through the federal Construction Grants Program. First and second round NPDES permits were negotiated and operation and maintenance, compliance monitoring, and enforcement programs initiated. Basin planning, trend monitoring, intensive surveys, modeling and wasteload allocation work was well underway.
In 1987 Congress made significant changes to the Clean Water Act. The Water Quality Act of 1987 placed increased emphasis on toxic substances, control of nonpoint source pollution, clean lakes, wetlands and estuaries. The Act required that all States evaluate water quality standards and adopt numeric criteria for toxic substances to protect aquatic life and public health. The Act also required each State to evaluate nonpoint source pollution impacts and develop a management plan to deal with documented problems. This work was initiated and completed by the GAEPD in the late 1980s.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Georgia General Assembly passed a number of laws that set much of the agenda for the GAEPD in the early 1990s. Laws such as the Growth Strategies Act which helps protect sensitive watersheds, wetlands, and groundwater recharge areas and the ban on high phosphate detergents to reduce nutrient loading to rivers and lakes were enacted. Legislation was passed in 1990 which requires the GAEPD to conduct comprehensive studies of major publicly owned lakes and establish specific water quality standards for each lake. In addition in 1991 the General Assembly passed a law requiring a phosphorus limit of 0.75 mg/l for all major point sources discharging to the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and West Point Lake. Major river corridors were accorded additional protections with laws passed in 1991. Also in 1991, the General Assembly passed the Georgia Environmental Policy Act which requires an environmental effects report be developed for major State funded projects. In 1992, the General Assembly passed the River Basin Management Planning Act which requires the GAEPD develop and implement plans for water protection for each major river basin in Georgia. The work ongoing to implement this significant legislation was discussed in detail in Chapter 2 and at appropriate locations through this report.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-1

In 1996-1997 high priority was placed on NPDES permitting and enforcement, nonpoint source pollution abatement, monitoring and assessment, river basin management planning, Chattahoochee River modeling, fish consumption guidance, stormwater permitting, and treatment plant funding, and public participation projects.
Water Quality Monitoring
The goal of the water protection program in Georgia is to effectively manage, regulate, and allocate the water resources of Georgia. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to monitor the water resources of the State to establish baseline and trend data, document existing conditions, study impacts of specific discharges, determine improvements resulting from upgraded water pollution control plants, support enforcement actions, establish wasteload allocations and/or total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for new and existing facilities, verify water pollution control plant compliance, and document water use impairment and reasons for problems causing less than full support of designated water uses. Trend monitoring, intensive surveys, toxic substances monitoring, aquatic toxicity testing and facility compliance sampling are some of the monitoring tools used by the GAEPD. These programs were discussed in Chapter 3.
Water Quality Modeling/Wasteload Allocations/TMDL Development
In 19961997 the GAEPD conducted a significant amount of modeling and wasteload allocation work. Several TMDLs were completed and approved by the USEPA. The major modeling project in 1996-1997 was the Chattahoochee River Modeling Project.
The Chattahoochee River Modeling Project was initiated in June 1992 with official publication of a solicitation for professional services to assist with issue analysis, model selection, field study plan development , and model building. A number of excellent technical proposals were received and a consultant was selected for the duration of the project. A contract was executed to start Phase I one the project, "Issue Identification and Model Selection" in 1993. A facilitated issues identification meeting was held in July, 1993 to receive input from all stakeholders. Field work was initiated in the summer of 1993 and continued in 1996 and 1997 and included work on eleven modules including work on photosynthesisrespiration, algal growth potential, sediment oxygen demand/ nutrient flux, tributary sampling, continuous water quality monitoring, Buford Dam release characterization, river bottom characterization, West Point Lake transition zone sampling, and Morgan Falls impoundment water quality sampling. Work in 1996 involved finalizing model selection and phase 1 reporting, development of study plans, model development, and initiation of model calibration field studies. This work will continue into 1997.
River Basin Management Planning
River basin management planning efforts were expanded significantly in 1992 with the passage of O.C.G.A. 12-5-520 by the Georgia General Assembly. The Act provides for the development of river basin management plans for the major rivers in the State. The Act provides guidance regarding the content of the plans and for local input to plan development . The Act also provides that upon adoption of a plan by the Board of Natural Resources all permitting and other activities conducted by or under the control of the Department of Natural Resources be consistent with the plan. The River Basin Management Planning program is discussed in Chapter 2.
In addition to basin planning work sponsored by the GAEPD, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers are working together on major studies of the Apalichicola/ Flint/Chattahoochee and Alabama/Coosa/Tallapoosa river basins that have resulted in interstate compacts

7-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

regarding water allocations. The USEPA has initiated a Savannah River Watershed Project which includes Georgia and South Carolina as major partners. The Georgia and Florida Natural Resources Conservation Services have conducted basin planning work on the Suwannee River. The GAEPD and the Suwannee River Management District in Florida and the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation have also joined together with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Serivce, and other state and federal agencies to coordinate work on the Suwannee River basin planning process. The GAEPD is supporting these projects to avoid duplication of efforts and to effectively leverage resources to accomplish river basin planning across Georgia.
State Revolving Loan/Construction Grants
Georgia presently administers through the Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority (GEFA) and the GAEPD a State Revolving Loan Fund (SRF) program which provides low interest loans for the construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities and nonpoint source pollution control projects. This program was initiated in 1988 to the full extent allowed by the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water Act. With the initiation of SRF, the federal Construction Grants program has been phased out and all federal monies received through the Environmental Protection Agency are being used to capitalize the SRF program. Considerable progress has been made in the close-out of existing construction grants projects. Only two recent grants, one awarded to Atlanta for Olympic related infrastructure work and one demonstration grant awarded to Columbus for CSOs remain active.
Considerable amounts of money have been required for water pollution abatement in Georgia and additional expenditures will be needed in the future. Local governments have the responsibility of securing funding for water pollution control projects including CSO controls. In addition to the SRF program, other funding sources are available, including other state low interest loans from GEFA, grants and loans from the Rural Economic and Community Development Administration (RECD), the Appalachian Regional Commission, and various programs administered by the Georgia Department of Community Affairs. Table 7-1 lists the major funding sources utilized by Georgia communities in 1996-1997 for wastewater treatment system and CSO control construction and improvements.
TABLE 7-1 Municipal Facility Sources of Investment
1997-1998
SRF Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000,000 GEFA Loans . . . . . . . . . . $45,500,000 Construction Grants . . . . . $27,000,000 Local or Federal . . . . . . . $162,000,000
TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . $274,500,000
In 1996-1997 through various forms of funding, construction was completed on five new municipal water pollution control plants and two new CSO control facilities which discharge to waters of the State. Ten major expansions of treatment facilities were completed. Thirty-three facilities were upgraded. A total of sixteen new wastewater treatment facilities which utilize land application as the final disposal method began operation. Six land application systems were expanded.
Upgrading the level of wastewater treatment produces direct benefits by reducing pollutant discharges to Georgia streams, rivers, and lakes/reservoirs. The most widely used measure of municipal

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-3

pollution is the extent to which the organic content of treated wastewater depletes oxygen in the receiving water and reduces the oxygen available to fish and aquatic life. In 1995, of the nearly one million pounds per day of oxygen demanding pollutants produced by municipalities, approximately 93% was removed by municipal water pollution control plants.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit Program
The NPDES permit program provides a basis for municipal and industrial discharge permits, monitoring compliance with limitations, and appropriate enforcement action for violations.
In 1996-1997, a significant amount of personnel time was allocated to the reissuance of NPDES permits. Permits were reissued for 374 municipal and private discharges and for 179 industrial discharges. In contrast to many other areas in the nation, Georgia had a very small backlog of permits to be issued.
In addition to permits for point source discharges, the GAEPD has developed and implemented a permit system for land application systems. Land application systems for final disposal of treated wastewaters have been encouraged in Georgia. Land application systems are used as alternatives to advanced levels of treatment or as the only alternative in some environmentally sensitive areas. A total of 140 (municipal and private) and 53 (industrial) permits for land application systems were in effect in 1997.
Combined Sewer Overflows
The Georgia Environmental Protection Division (GAEPD) has issued NPDES Permits to the three cities in Georgia that have Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) in their wastewater collection systems. The permits require that the CSO must not cause violations of Georgia Water Quality Control Standards. In addition, the CSOs must be controlled to prevent the following conditions for waters downstream of the CSO:
! materials which settle to form sludge deposits that become putrescent, unsightly or to interfere with legitimate water uses;
! oil, scum and floating debris in amounts sufficient to be unsightly or to interfere with legitimate water uses;
! materials which produce turbidity, color, odor or other objectionable conditions which interfere with legitimate water uses;
! toxic, corrosive, acidic and caustic substances in amounts, concentrations or combinations which are harmful to humans, animals or aquatic life.
Concurrently with the NPDES Permits, the GAEPD issued Administrative Orders for those cities that were unable to meet the requirements of the permit. The Orders required that the CSOs in the City of Atlanta meet the requirements of their permits by January 1, 1994. All other cities had until January 1, 1996 to meet the requirements of the NPDES Permits issued for their CSO treatment facilities. All of the cities except for the City of Atlanta met the requirements of the orders/permits issued to them.

7-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Atlanta has completed construction and initiated operation of five of the six CSO treatment facilities in their sewerage system. The remaining CSO treatment facilities are currently under construction with a scheduled completion date of July 1998. To address the City's failure to complete construction of the CSOs by the date specified in the Orders issued to the City, the Georgia General Assembly passed legislation in 1996 specifying that the City pay a stipulated penalty of $10,000 per day per CSO for each day beyond January 1, 1994 that the City fails to complete construction of the CSO control facilities. The City is currently paying a stipulated penalty of $10,000/day. In addition to the stipulated penalty, State Law placed a moratorium on new sewer connections or increases in existing sewer connections on those sewers tributary to the Utoy Creek CSO until completion of the CSO treatment facility.
Compliance and Enforcement
The Georgia Water Quality Control Act requires that every point source discharge obtain a NPDES permit, and that zero discharge systems obtain a Land Application System Permit from the GAEPD which specifies allowable discharge limits for the receiving streams or land application sites. Insuring compliance with permit limitations is an important part of the Georgia water pollution control program. Staff review discharge and groundwater monitoring reports, inspect water pollution control plants, sample effluents, investigate citizen complaints, provide on-site technical assistance and, if necessary, initiate enforcement action.
As of December 1997, of the 125 major municipal water pollution control plants (facilities with design flow >1.0 mgd), all were physically capable of meeting final effluent limitations and 115 of the 125 were in general compliance with the final limitations. The remaining ten facilities of the 125 are under compliance schedules to resolve the noncompliance or implementing infiltration/ inflow strategies which will allow compliance at the plant to be achieved. Enforcement action has been taken by the GAEPD to insure problems are alleviated.
Data evaluations (using annual reports, GAEPD sampling and biomonitoring results) were performed on NPDES permitted municipal facilities to determine the need to reopen specific permits for inclusion of numerical limits and monitoring for appropriate toxic pollutants.
Increased emphasis was placed on the industrial pretreatment programs for municipalities to ensure that the cities comply with the new requirements for pretreatment established in the November 1988 Amendments to the Federal General Pretreatment Regulations (40 CFR Part 403).
Industries in Georgia achieved a high degree of compliance in 1996-1997. Of 51 major industrial facilities, 49 have final effluent limitations. The two major industrial dischargers not on final limits have orders or NPDES permits with interim limits in accordance with water quality standards revised in 1997. Of the 49 facilities on final limits, all were achieving compliance at the end of 1997.
The GAEPD utilizes all reasonable means to obtain compliance, including technical assistance, noncompliance notification letters, conferences, consent orders, administrative orders, and civil penalties. Emphasis is placed on achieving compliance through cooperative action. However, compliance cannot always be achieved in a cooperative manner. The Director of the GAEPD has the authority to negotiate consent orders or issue administrative orders. In 1996-1997, 13 orders were issued to industries for improperly treated discharges. A total of $148,500 in negotiated settlements was collected in conjunction with the orders. Five orders were issued to resolve erosion/sedimentation problems with $53,500 collected in negotiated settlements. 101 orders were issued to municipalities for failure to comply with NPDES permit requirements resulting in the collection of $10,245,279 in negotiated settlements. The use of sewer connection bans has proven to be an effective enforcement tool when working with municipalities to achieve

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-5

compliance. Forty-two municipalities in Georgia were operating under sewer connection bans in 1996-1997.
Stormwater Management
The Water Quality Act of 1987 requires permits to be issued for certain types of storm water discharges, with primary focus on storm water runoff from industrial operations and large urban areas. The USEPA promulgated Storm Water Regulations on November 16, 1990. The GAEPD subsequently received delegation from the USEPA in January 1991 to issue NPDES Permits for regulating storm water in Georgia. GAEPD has developed and implemented a storm water strategy which assures compliance with the Federal Regulations.
The Federal Regulations set specific application submittal requirements for large (population 250,000 or more) and medium (population 100,000 to 250,000) municipal separate storm sewer systems. The GAEPD has determined that the metropolitan Atlanta area is a large municipal system as defined in the regulations. Clayton, Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, and Gwinnett Counties and all interlying incorporated cities were required to comply with the application submittal target dates for a large municipal area. Fortyfive stormwater permits were issued to the Atlanta area municipalities on June 15, 1994.
Augusta, Macon, Savannah, Columbus, the counties surrounding these cities and any other incorporated cities within these counties were identified as medium municipal systems as defined in the storm water regulations. Thirteen storm water permits were issued to the medium municipal systems on April 20, 1995 and May 25, 1995. The storm water permits for large and medium municipal systems require annual reports to be submitted starting one year after the permit issuance. Each year, the Georgia storm water permitting program reviews the Annual Reports from the large and medium municipalities. Among other things, the Annual Report includes a detailed description of the municipality's implementation of its Storm Water Management Program.
The GAEPD has begun issuing general permits for the eleven industrial subcategories defined in the Phase I Federal Regulations. During 1993, the GAEPD issued a single general permit that regulates the discharge of stormwater from 10 categories of industrial activity. As of January 1998, approximately 2900 "Notice of Intent" applications for these general permits have been submitted to the GAEPD. A second general permit that would regulate stormwater discharges from construction activities was issued by GAEPD and subsequently appealed in 1992, 1994, 1995 and 1996. A ruling on the latest appeal by the State Administrative Law Judge is anticipated in early 1998.
An important component of storm water management in Georgia is information exchange/technology transfer. Hundreds of copies of the Georgia Storm Water Permitting Strategy and approximately the same number of for-information-only general permits have been distributed to potential permittees, trade associations, consultants and other interested parties. GAEPD staff respond to dozens of telephone calls each week concerning the status of NPDES storm water permitting in Georgia. Staff have also participated in many meetings and seminars throughout Georgia in an effort to disseminate the storm water strategy to the regulated community. In addition, a limited number of inspections of industrial and municipal storm water management programs were conducted during 1996-1997.
The GAEPD will continue to regulate storm water runoff from industrial and urban areas as a part of the point-source permitting process where appropriate to protect water quality. Municipalities may be required to conduct comprehensive watershed assessments and to address nonpoint source pollution problems in order to obtain new or increased wastewater discharge permits. Each year, the GAEPD staff will provide comments on the municipal Annual Reports submitted by the permittees, noting areas of noncompliance and recommended improvements to the storm water management programs.

7-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Nonpoint Source Management Program
Nonpoint sources of water pollution are both diffuse in nature and difficult to define. Nonpoint source pollution can generally be defined as the pollution caused by rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground. As water moves over or through the soil, it picks up and carries away natural pollutants and pollutants resulting from human activities, finally depositing them in lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters and ground waters. Habitat alteration (e.g., removal of riparian vegetation) and hydrological modification (e.g., channelization, bridge construction) can cause adverse effects on the biological and physical integrity of surface waters and are also treated as nonpoint sources of pollution.
The diffuse nature of nonpoint sources (e.g., agriculture, construction, mining, silviculture, urban runoff) and the variety of pollutants generated by them create a challenge for their effective control. Although progress has been made in the protection and enhancement of water quality, much work is still needed to identify nonpoint source management strategies that are both effective and economically achievable under a wide range of conditions.
The control of dominant point source problems has allowed the GAEPD to place increasing emphasis on the prevention, control and abatement of nonpoint sources of pollution. In 1996, the GAEPD established the NonPoint Source Program to focus on nonpoint sources of pollution. This program combines regulatory and non-regulatory approaches, in cooperation with other State and Federal agencies, local and regional governments, State colleges and universities, businesses and industries, nonprofit organizations and individual citizens.
The Nonpoint Source Assessment Report and Nonpoint Source Management Program were completed in compliance with the Clean Water Act of 1987 and approved by the USEPA in January, 1990. This report, as required by Section 305(b) of Public Law 92-500, serves as the current process to update the Nonpoint Source Assessment Report. In January, 1997, the GAEPD initiated efforts with the University of Georgia - Institute Community Affairs and Development (UGA-ICAD) to revise and update the Nonpoint Source Management Program. The Nonpoint Source Management Program will provide an overview of the State's nonpoint source management activities as well as a summary of what the State intends to accomplish in the next five (5) federal fiscal years (FFY1998 - FFY2000). The State's Nonpoint Source Management Program will focus on the comprehensive categories on nonpoint sources of pollution identified by the USEPA: Agriculture, Silviculture, Construction, Urban Runoff, Hydrologic/Habitat Modification, Land Disposal, and Resource Extraction/Exploration/Development. The UGA-ICAD faculty solicited participation from State and Federal agencies, local and regional governments, State colleges and universities, businesses and industries, and nonprofit organizations with significant programs directed towards nonpoint source pollution management. A preliminary draft was submitted to the USEPA for review and comments in May, 1997 and the final draft should be submitted to the USEPA for review and approval by May, 1998.
Under Section 319(h) of the Clean Water Act, the USEPA awards a Nonpoint Source Implementation Grant to the GAEPD to fund eligible projects which support the implementation of the State's Nonpoint Source Management Program. Section 319(h) Grant funds for the prevention, control and/or abatement of nonpoint sources of pollution are made available annually to public agencies in Georgia (e.g., cities, counties, local authorities operating local government delivery programs, local school systems, State colleges and universities, and State agencies).
With funding from Section 319(h) FY90 - FY97 Grants, the GAEPD has awarded $7,640,132 in grant funds to other State agencies, local and regional governments, Regional Development Centers, Resource Conservation and Development Councils, and State colleges and universities to fund eligible projects supporting the State's Nonpoint Source Management Program.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-7

Agriculture

Agricultural nonpoint source pollution continues to be managed and controlled with a statewide non-regulatory approach. This approach utilizes cooperative partnerships with various agencies and a variety of programs. Agencies that form the basis of the partnerships include the following:

<

Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission (GSWCC)

<

Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD)

<

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)

<

University of Georgia College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES)

<

University of Georgia Marine Institute and Skidaway Institute of Oceanography

<

Farm Services Agency (FSA)

<

Georgia Forestry Commission (GFC)

<

Georgia Department of Agriculture (GDA)

<

Agricultural Research Service (ARS)

<

Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) Councils

A brief description of these agencies and outline of their functions and programs should help in further understanding nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control in Georgia.
Created in 1937 by an Act of the Georgia Legislature, the Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission (GSWCC) has been designated as the administering or lead agency for agricultural nonpoint source pollution prevention in the state. The GSWCC develops NPS water quality programs and conducts educational activities to promote conservation and protection of land and water resources devoted to agricultural uses. Primary functions of the GSWCC are to provide guidance and assistance to the Soil and Water Conservation Districts and provide oversight for the Georgia Erosion and Sedimentation Act. There are six (6) regional offices and forty (40) local districts.
The Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD) include all counties and are governed by boards of supervisors comprised of local citizens. The SWCD, NRCS and GSWCC provide technical assistance to the agricultural community. In addition, SWCD sponsor educational programs and field days to encourage and demonstrate new and/or innovative conservation practices. Some SWCD own and make available specialized equipment such as planters and hydroseeders. They also offer assistance with waste management such as lagoon pump outs, manure composting, and the development of nutrient management plans.
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) cooperates with federal, state and local units of government to provide technical assistance to landowners, cooperators, producers and special interest groups. Standards and specifications regarding conservation practices, animal waste management systems, grazing activities, plant materials, and other practices are developed and revised by a varied staff.
The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) includes various departments, the Cooperative Extension Service and Experiment Stations. Services provided include classroom instruction in agriculture related topics, basic and applied research, consultative assistance and information on nonpoint related impacts on water quality, water quality monitoring, pest control, and analyses of nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, and other constituents in forage, water and animal waste. Nutrient management plans for farms are often developed by CAES.

7-8

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

The University of Georgia Marine Institute at Sapelo Island, Georgia and the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography near Savannah, Georgia are involved in research and monitoring programs that reflect agricultural nonpoint impacts in coastal or estuarine waters. The Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve is one of 22 estuarine sites nationwide devoted to protection of the resource and study of estuarine function. Coastal aquaculture will likely become more prevalent and a consideration for prevention of NPS pollution in future years.
The Farm Services Agency (FSA), formerly known as the Consolidated Farm Services Agency (CFSA) and the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS), administers conservation cost-sharing programs for practices which improve water quality on farms. A variety of water quality improvement practices are cost-shared with rates generally between 50-70 percent of the total cost of the installation. A large portion of funds allocated are targeted for high priority watersheds with water quality problems.
The Georgia Forestry Commission (GFC) provides technical information and assistance regarding areas such as reforestation, forest stewardship and management, harvesting, marketing and education. Services provided by the GFC include development of management plans, timber marking, loan or rental of equipment, fire brake plowing and sales of seedlings.
The Georgia Department of Agriculture (GDA) administers a variety of insect and plant and animal disease control programs. The Department also enforces a myriad of Georgia laws that include inspections of agricultural products and the registration and use of pesticides. The GDA also provides guidance in location of animal waste facilities and disposal of dead animals.
As part of the United States Department of Agriculture, the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is involved in a wide variety of agricultural research projects and monitoring programs. Research on grazing land systems and irrigation methods relevant to watershed scale monitoring projects and nutrient movement in surface and ground waters are examples of work performed by the ARS.
Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) Councils are groups of local citizens that are involved in a program to encourage economic development as well as the wise conservation of natural and human resources. The RC&D Councils are locally organized within geographic regions served by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) . The 1962 Food and Agriculture Act established the RC&D Council program with USDA employees assigned to help the RC&D Councils and termed coordinators. Currently, there are ten (10) RC&D Councils in Georgia.
The federal and state agencies work closely with the Georgia agricultural commodity commissions and organizations such as the Farm Bureau Federation, AgriBusiness Council, Cattleman's Association, Milk Producers, Pork Producers Association, Poultry Federation, and other producer groups and agriculture support industries to control, prevent and/or abate nonpoint source pollution.
Since 1990, approximately $1,750,000 in Section 319(h) Grant monies have been used to fund agricultural water quality demonstration projects in Georgia. In addition to the minimum 40% required nonfederal in-kind match, the NRCS has contributed over $4,500,000 in technical assistance to support these projects. The CAES, GSWCC, FSA, GFC and other agencies have also contributed significant technical assistance to support these projects. These projects offer solutions, as well as financial and technical implementation assistance, in identified priority watersheds.
Since 1990, the following agency programs have directed significant resources to improving and maintaining water quality in priority watersheds using best management practices (BMP) established through the Section 319(h) Grant Program:
< Agricultural Conservation Project (ACP)

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-9

< Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) < PL-566 Watershed Projects < Little River/Rooty Creek HUA Project < Little River Special Water Quality Project < Gum Creek Demonstration Project < Upper Chattahoochee River Water Quality Project < Little Tennessee River Special Water Quality Project < Special Water Quality Funding Projects < Agricultural Education and Information < Agricultural Pesticide Container Recycling Program

In addition, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) special project initiatives promoting USDA nationally approved conservation practices include:
< Piscola Creek Watershed Project - Animal Holding and Management Areas < Five Points Watershed Project - Animal Holding and Management Areas < Turkey Creek Watershed Project - Crop Production < Upper Fifteenmile Creek Watershed Project - Crop Production < Lower Little Tallapoosa River Watershed Project - Animal Holding and Management Areas < Water Quality Incentive Projects - Cost Share/Incentive Projects

The Farm Services Agency (FSA) Water Quality Incentive Projects (WQIP) promoting the use of USDA nationally approved conservation practices during 1996 include:

<

Upper Apalachee River Watershed - Barrow, Gwinnett, Oconee and Walton Counties

<

Upper Little Ocmulgee River Watershed - Bleckley, Dodge and Twiggs Counties

<

Piscola Creek Watershed - Brooks and Thomas Counties

The cost-share programs require a 25% - 50% farmer in-kind match. Many best management practices have a maximum dollar amount which often increases the local cost-share. In addition, the RC&D Councils have individual plans/programs that address water quality issues. The RC&D Council projects are often in watersheds addressing nonpoint source issues as described above. An example of a RC&D Council project in a larger scale project is the Walker Branch Waste Management System, located in the Little River/Rooty Creek watershed.
Watershed projects and individual projects often involve the participation of one to several "cooperating" agencies. An example of cooperation in the Walker Branch Waste Management System project includes the sponsoring organization, the Oconee River RC&D Council, and cooperating agencies that include the GAEPD, USEPA, NRCS, GSWCC, Piedmont Soil and Water Conservation District, Putnam County Commissioners, Georgia Milk Producers, Georgia Farm Bureau, Putnam County Dairy Association, Farmers Home Administration, and Piedmont Conservation Products.
With Section 319(h) Grant funding, the GSWCC, CAES, GAEPD and the Georgia Pollution Prevention Assistance Division have established the Georgia Farm-A-Syst Program to address the problems of nonpoint source contamination of surface and groundwater from agricultural sources. The

7-10

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

overall objective of this program is to develop and test voluntary agricultural self assessment materials to fit the needs and conditions throughout the State. The self assessments, fact sheets, and action plans encourage farmers to become environmentally proactive and to ultimately take steps to prevent nonpoint source pollution.
The GSWCC has continued to sponsor local demonstration projects, provide farmers with visual demonstrations and information on the use and installation of best management practices, and collect data and generate computer databases on land use, animal units and agricultural BMP implementation. The GSWCC has published and continues to distribute the following guidebooks for implementing agricultural best management practices to protect the State's waters: Agricultural Best Management Practices for Protecting Water Quality in Georgia, Planning Considerations for Animal Waste Systems, A Georgia Guide to Controlling EROSION with Vegetation, and Guidelines for Streambank Restoration.
The State's Nonpoint Source Management Program will be implemented in conjunction with the River Basin Management Planning Process. The GSWCC and NRCS are working to merge the planning process currently used to deliver most conservation technical and financial assistance with the planning process adopted by the GAEPD. The agricultural community's involvement will be evident in every step of the GAEPD River Basin Management Planning Process. Identification and selection of priority waters affected by agricultural nonpoint source pollution is a continuing process.

Silviculture
In 1977, the Silviculture Task Force prepared a report which recommended a voluntary approach to the implementation of best management practices (BMP) and the designation of the Georgia Forestry Commission (GFC) as the lead agency for implementing the Silviculture portion of the State Section 208 Water Quality Management Plan. The GFC was designated as the lead agency for silvicultural nonpoint source pollution prevention in the State in November, 1979. The Forestry Nonpoint Source Control Program is managed and implemented by the GFC, with the support of the forest industry, for the voluntary implementation of best management practices. The objectives of this program are to continue educational efforts and to conduct workshops which promote best management practices within the logging community and to sustain regional complaint, inspection and resolution activities.
The Forestry Nonpoint Source Control Program is managed by a Statewide Coordinator and appointed foresters serving as District Coordinators from each of the twelve (12) GFC districts. The GFC Statewide and District Coordinators conduct educational workshops, training programs and field demonstrations for the forest community (i.e., land owners, land management and procurement foresters, timber buyers, loggers, site preparation contractors). In addition, the Recommended Best Management Practices for Forestry in Georgia manual, training videos, slide programs, table top exhibits and BMP billboards have been developed to support the Forestry Nonpoint Source Control Program. In 1996 and 1997, the GFC Statewide and District Coordinators provided BMP advice and guidance to over 5,000 landowners involving approximately 345,000 acres of forest and conducted 190 BMP workshops and field demonstrations for major corporations and independent loggers.
The GFC also investigates and mediates complaints involving forestry operations. After notifying the land owner, the GFC District Coordinators conduct field inspections to determine if best management

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-11

practices were followed, if the potential for water quality problems exists, if a contract was used and who purchased the timber. If a written contract was executed, the GFC District Coordinators will verify if the contractual agreement contains a clause specifying the implementation of` BMP. If problems do exist, the GFC District Coordinator will work with the timber buyer and/or logger on behalf of the land owner to correct the problems. Complaints usually involve logging debris left in streams and are resolved without involving the GAEPD. However, the GFC is not a regulatory authority. Therefore, in situations when the GFC cannot get satisfactory compliance, the case is turned over to the GAEPD for enforcement action as provided under the Georgia Water Quality Control Act. During 1996 and 1997, the GFC investigated 285 complaints; however, only five (5) cases were forwarded to the GAEPD for noncompliance.
In addition, the GFC conducts BMP compliance surveys to assess the application of best management practices by logging operations. The survey of 349 harvesting sites conducted during 1991 revealed that best management practices had been properly applied to 86% of the total area harvested and that only 4.8% of the perennial and intermittent stream mileage had been adversely affected. Regional BMP compliance was highest in the Coastal Plain physiographic region (92%) and lowest in the Mountain physiographic region (61%). Forestry industry land had the highest rate of BMP compliance (93%) followed by private non-industrial forest lands (80%) and public lands (77%).
In 1997, the GFC initiated a project to conduct a standardized survey of BMP implementation, stream habitats and turbidity levels for selected harvested plots. The goal of the 1997 Statewide BMP Compliance Survey is evaluate 10% of the estimated 3,000 annual harvesting operations. Silvicultural BMP to be evaluated include streamside management zones, stream crossings, roads, harvesting, mechanical and chemical site preparation, regeneration, prescribed burning and firebreaks. The streams will also be assessed for physical damage and turbidity in approximately 300 selected harvested plots. In addition, the GFC will select a subsample of five (5) commercial forestry plots for the purpose of evaluating stream habitat quality and aquatic benthic macroinvertebrate community health up and downstream of forestry operations.
Statewide and regional BMP compliance rates by physiographic regions and ownership will be determined and compared with the results from the 1991 Statewide BMP Compliance Survey. The results from the 1997 Statewide BMP Compliance Survey will be used to update and revise the State's Nonpoint Source Management Program.
The Georgia Forestry Association (GFA) and the forestry industry have played a significant role in encouraging the voluntary implementation of BMP in Georgia. The forest industry has initiated numerous education workshops and training programs. The American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA) has adopted the Sustainable Forestry Initiative Program. The objective of the Sustainable Forestry Initiative Program is to induce and promote a proactive approach to forest management, including the protection of water resources. Two pertinent aspects of this program are: 1) A continuing series of 2 day Master Timber Harvester Workshops with a component devoted to the protection of water resources and the implementation of best management practices, and 2) A Land Owner Outreach Program which endeavors to deliver information about forestry management and the protection of water resources to forest land owners. During 1996 and 1997, twenty (20) Master Timber Harvest Workshops were conducted and attended by approximately 800 of 1,400 loggers within the State. The AFPA, GFA and Cooperative Extension Service (CES) will conduct an additional twelve (12) Master Timber Harvest Workshops in 1998 with the intent of reaching the remaining 600 loggers within the State.
In 1997, the State Board of Registration for Foresters adopted procedures to sanction or revoke the licenses of professional foresters involved in unresolved complaints where the lack of BMP implementation has resulted in state water quality or federal wetlands requirement violations.

7-12

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Urban Runoff
An objective of the GAEPD is to establish and maintain long-term comprehensive programs to protect and enhance the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the waters of the State from nonpoint sources of pollution. The effective management of nonpoint source pollution from urban runoff requires a cooperative, intergovernmental approach implemented through integrated watershed planning and management.
In 1989, the Department of Natural Resources appointed the Community Stream Management Task Force (CSMTF) to seek a cooperative intergovernmental approach to integrate land and water quality management to prevent, control and abate nonpoint source pollution from urban runoff. The CSMTF 1990 report, We All Live Downstream, recommended cooperative partnerships between the State, local and regional governments, business and industry, and the general public with education as the common denominator for all partnerships.
The water quality in an urban and/or developing watershed is the result of both point sources discharges and the impact of diverse land activities in the drainage basin (i.e., nonpoint sources). Activities which can alter the integrity of urban waterbodies include habitat alteration, hydrological modification, erosion and sedimentation associated with land disturbing activities, stormwater runoff, combined sewer overflows, illicit discharges, improper storage and/or disposal of deleterious materials, and intermittent failure of sewerage systems. In a more recent assessment, studies reviewed by the CSMTF indicated that waterbodies throughout the State are threatened by the effects of urban development. During urbanization, pervious, vegetated ground is converted to impervious, unvegetated land. Land imperviousness in urban areas - as rooftops, roads, parking lots, and sidewalks - can range from 35% in lightly urbanized areas to nearly 100% in heavily urbanized areas. Increases in pollutant loading generated from human activities are associated with urbanization, and imperviousness results in increased stormwater volumes and altered hydrology in urban areas.
While the State has statutory responsibilities for water resources, local governments have the constitutional authority for the management of land activities. Therefore, it is necessary to forge cooperative partnerships between the State, local and regional governments, business and industry, and the general public. Watershed planning and management initiatives are necessary to identify local problems, implement corrective actions and coordinate the efforts of cooperating agencies. In 1997, the GAEPD in cooperation with the University of Georgia prepared and distributed the Environmental Management Requirements for Stream and River Corridors in Georgia and Land Development Provisions to Protect Georgia Water Quality reports.
Environmental Management Requirements for Stream and River Corridors in Georgia is a handy summary of the environmental laws , regulations and programs used to manage and protect Georgia's stream and river corridors and waters. The descriptions of each include an overview, the locations or activities affected, specific provisions and procedures, and who to contact for more information or technical assistance. This report is intended as a guide for those who own, develop, use or manage land adjacent to waterbodies.
Land Development Provisions to Protect Georgia Water Quality describes provisions that could be modified in or added to local development regulations to better protect water quality. This report also includes two sections introducing the problem of runoff water quality and its relationship to urban development. This document is intended to serve as a partial "menu" from which each municipality can select appropriate provisions and adapt them to the local conditions. Municipal ordinances where these provisions could be used include zoning and subdivision ordinances, erosion and sedimentation control codes, stormwater management ordinances and design standards documents.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-13

In cooperation with the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC), the GAEPD has also produced and distributed the Protecting Community Streams: A Guidebook for Local Governments in Georgia and Urban Streams Assessment and Evaluation Guidelines reports. The guidebooks outline actions that a local community can undertake to protect its healthy streams and restore its degraded streams. The guidebooks provide details of where and how to collect information on stream water quality, how to evaluate the quality of a community's streams, what protection measures should be considered and how all of this can be put together in an integrated planning and management program. The guidebooks are intended for use by government officials, public work departments, planning departments and drainage departments, but are also useful resources to any individual or community group interested in stream protection. The focus of the guidebooks is not only the stream and the stream's edge but the entire land area of "watershed" that drains into the stream. Streams are best protected through careful development of the land that they drain.
In addition, educational programs are necessary to encourage the implementation of watershed planning and management, to promote pollution prevention and to transfer technologies to local and regional governments. The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program and the Statewide Nonpoint Source Education Program target the general public, local and regional governments, businesses and industries, and the school system. The GAEPD in cooperation with the University of Georgia School of Environmental Design has produced the Pointless Pollution in Georgia brochure and video and the Georgia Urban Waterbody Education Plan and Program. The Pointless Pollution In Georgia brochure and video were developed to provide individuals with suggestions to minimize nonpoint source pollution from entering Georgia's urban streams and rivers.
The GAEPD has continued to provide both financial and technical support to encourage the development of local government watershed planning and management initiatives. With funding from Section 319(h) FY94 - FY97 Grants, the GAEPD has recently funded the following projects: City of Marietta - Victory Park Streambank Restoration, City of Atlanta - Proctor Creek Streambank Restoration, DeKalb County - Urban Watershed Restoration, City of Clayton - Stekoa Creek Water Quality Improvement, Conasauga River Nonpoint Source Pollution Abatement, Chatham-County Savannah Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution and Education, Gilmer County - Coosawattee River Streambank Restoration, Atlanta Regional Commission - Chattahoochee River Corridor Buffer Survey, and Mitchell County - Big Slough Creek Streambank Restoration.
Statewide Nonpoint Source Education Program
In October, 1996, the GAEPD selected the Project WET (Water Education for Teachers) Curriculum as the most appropriate water science and education curriculum for the Statewide Nonpoint Source Education Program. The Project WET Curriculum was developed by the Watercourse and the Western Regional Environmental Education Council with a grant from the U. S. Department of the Interior. Project WET is an interdisciplinary water science and education curriculum that can be integrated into the existing education curricula of a school, museum, university pre-service class, or a community organization. The goals of Project WET are to facilitate and to promote awareness, appreciation, knowledge, and stewardship of water resources through the development and dissemination of classroom (K - 12) ready teaching aids.
In October, 1996, Petey Giroux was accepted as the State Coordinator for the Project WET Curriculum in Georgia. In 1997, Project WET Facilitator Training Workshops were successfully completed in Alpharetta, Macon, and Savannah, Georgia. Currently, there are 86 Project WET Facilitators in Georgia.

7-14

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

In 1997, 32 Project WET Educator Workshops were successfully completed in Georgia statewide with over 500 educators receiving certified Project WET training and implementing the Project WET Curriculum in classrooms. In addition to Project WET Facilitator Training and Educator Workshops, 40 Project WET Demonstration Workshops were presented to teachers and environmental educators throughout Georgia. A newsletter is published and distributed quarterly with program updates, workshop schedules, information about available resources, reports about classroom activities and success stories..
In 1997, partnerships were formed with the National Park Service Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CRNRA), the Environmental Education Alliance (EEA) and the GAEPD to support Project WET Curriculum programs and activities.
In December, 1996, the GAEPD in conjunction with the International Rivers Network offered educators in Georgia the opportunity to participate in the "River of Words," a national environmental art and poetry contest for students. National winners are selected by the Poet Laureate and the International Children's Art Museum. The GAEPD has made arrangements with the International Rivers Network to have the students' art work and poetry returned to the GAEPD. Annually, selected art work and poetry will be on display throughout Georgia for the year following the contest. After that time, color copies will reside in permanent displays with the GAEPD and other environmental education organizations in Georgia.
Georgia had a national grand prize winner in art in 1997. Emily Forbes' drawing, "Seeing the Pond from the Pipe," received first place in the kindergarten through second grade category. Two other students in Georgia were national finalists. Through the GAEPD and EEA, national and state winners' art work and poetry have been on display throughout Georgia in the "Georgia River of Words" exhibition.
Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program
The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program is a citizen monitoring and stream protection program with two (2) staff positions in the GAEPD and five (5) Regional Training Centers. Established in 1996, the Regional Training Centers are a network of college-based training centers located in Columbus, Dahlonega, Milledgeville, Savannah and Valdosta, Georgia. This network of training centers allows the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program to be accessible to all areas of the State. The Regional Training Centers ensure that the volunteers are trained consistently and systematically are regionally convenient locations and that the monitoring data is professionally assessed for quality assurance and quality control.
The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program Advisory Board includes representatives from Brown and Caldwell, Georgia Power Company, Georgia Water and Pollution Control Association, Georgia Wildlife Resources Division, International Paper, Inc., Izaak Walton League of America, City of Rome, State colleges and universities, and the Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper Fund.
Currently, more than 5,000 volunteers participate in 180 individual and community Adopt-AStream Programs. Volunteers conduct clean-ups, stabilize streambanks, monitor steams using biological and chemical methods, and evaluate habitats and watersheds. These activities lead to a greater awareness of water quality and nonpoint sources of pollution, active cooperation between the public and local governments in protecting water resources, and the collection of basic water quality data. The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program focuses on what individuals and communities can do to protect Georgia's water resources from nonpoint source pollution.
The existing community Adopt-A-Stream Programs include: City of Alpharetta, Athens-Clarke County, City of Austell, Barrow County, Conasauga River Alliance, Clayton County, Chattahoochee River Kids Network, City of Cumming, DeKalb County, Gainesville-Hall County, Gwinnett County, City of

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-15

Kennesaw, City of Macon, City of Rome, City of Roswell, Savannah-Chatham County, City of Social Circle, and the Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper Fund Adopt-A-Stream Program Network.
Volunteers are offered three (3) levels of involvement. Each level involves an education and action component on a local stream. Volunteers commit for a minimum of one (1) year on a half-mile stream segment. Level I consists of setting up a project (i.e., identifying a stream segment, identifying partners, registering with the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program), evaluating land use and stream conditions during a "watershed walk," conducting quarterly visual evaluations and clean-ups, and one public outreach activity. Volunteers create a "Who to Call for Questions or Problems" list so that if something unusual is noted, immediate professional attention can be obtained. Level II builds on Level I by adding either biological monitoring, chemical monitoring or a habitat improvement project. Level III includes two or more Level II activities.
During 1996 and 1997, the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program conducted 198 Level I/Level II Training Workshops and 15 "Train the Trainer" Workshops statewide with approximately 2,455 participants and 142 participants, respectively. An "Introduction to the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program" and "Watershed Walk" videos have been produced, duplicated and distributed on loan. The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program Level I and Level II Training Manuals have been developed, printed and distributed to approximately 2,500 volunteers. The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program Teacher's Guide was finalized and presented at the third annual Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program Conference and Awards Ceremony in 1996. This guide presents activities for grades K - 12 on nonpoint source pollution, watersheds, chemical monitoring and biological monitoring. In addition, a bi-monthly newsletter is published and distributed to over 1,500 volunteers with program updates, workshop schedules, information about available resources, reports about local watershed projects, and success stories.
The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program infrastructure has expanded to include wetlands in a new pilot program, the Georgia Adopt-A-Wetland Program. The GAEPD and the Regional Training Centers have developed methodologies and have prepared draft volunteer wetland monitoring and assessment manuals. In 1997, the wetland monitoring methodologies were field tested at the Alcovy River Greenway Project site to identify suitability for the Georgia environment and skills and capacities of various partners. In addition, the Georgia Adopt-A-Wetland Program field tested wetland monitoring methodologies with the Izaak Walton League of America's Save Our Stream Wetland Conservation Program at the J. W. Jones Ecological Research Center in Newton, Georgia. The volunteer wetland monitoring and assessment manuals will be finalized in 1998 and each Regional Training Center will participate in wetlands monitoring and assessment demonstration project with a community partner. The demonstration projects will be representative of the various physiographic regions of the State and associated wetlands issues.
The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program has cooperated with the Georgia Lake Management Society (GLMS) to develop the Georgia Adopt-A-Lake Program. Volunteers are offered 2 levels of involvement. Level I provides volunteers with the basic tools to get started with an emphasis on watershed assessments, lake walks and fundamental monitoring methods. Level II builds on Level I by adding additional water quality monitoring parameters with an emphasis on the collection of chlorophyll-a. Within both Level I and Level II, volunteers can participate in various activities: Boat Watch, Shore Watch, Fish Watch or Thoreau Watch. Thoreau Watch serves to integrate volunteers who have more of an artistic appreciation for nature through art and poetry. The Georgia Adopt-A-Lake Program Level I/Level II Training Workshops are conducted by the GLMS at following University of Georgia locales: Columbus State University, Kennesaw State University, Gainesville College, State University of West Georgia, Georgia Southwestern State University and the University of Georgia.
In 1997, the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program partnered with the Georgia Farm-A-Syst Program to organize the Watershed Stewardship Seminar. The seminar is part of Georgia's Sustainable Agriculture

7-16

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Program and is supported by the WaterStewards. The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program will introduce voluntary stream monitoring as a health check for water quality to farm families, youth organizations and agricultural professionals.
Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program has partnered with the DeKalb County Parks and Recreation Department and the Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper Fund to promote Community Watershed Workshops. Since 1996, quarterly workshops have been organized to promote community networking and consensus building in the Nancy Creek/ Peachtree Creek, Lullwater Creek/Peavine Creek and South River watersheds. Workshop topics have included nonpoint sources of pollution, erosion and sedimentation control plans, streambank stabilization techniques, community watershed alliances, and environmental laws and regulations. In 1998, the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program will expand this partnership to include the City of Atlanta, Fulton County and the Peavine Creek Alliance.
The Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program has also partnered with the U. S. Forest Service (USFS) and the Georgia Forestry Commission (GFC) to promote the PASS on Clean Water Program. PASS is an acronym for "Plant a Streamside." The USFS will donate trees suitable for streambank planting to the GFC who will then assist individual and community Adopt-A-Stream Programs in planting trees along eroding streambanks. In 1998, the PASS on Clean Water Program will focus on the Soquee River watershed in northeast Georgia.
In addition, the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program organizes the Annual Georgia River Clean-Up Week. In October, 1997, over 2,000 volunteers cleaned up rivers, creeks, canals, lakes and ponds in over 50 locations statewide.
The GAEPD sponsors an annual Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program Conference and Awards Ceremony to provide an opportunity for volunteers to meet and share information, to recruit volunteers, to motivate and educate the community, and to recognize individual volunteers and community Adopt-AStream Programs.
In October, 1997, the fourth annual Georgia Adopt-A-Stream Program Conference and Awards Ceremony was held Dahlonega, Georgia with over 350 participants. The theme for the fourth annual conference and awards ceremony was "Georgia's Living Waters: Watersheds, Wetlands, and Lakes." A new addition added to the annual conference and awards ceremony was the Youth Track sponsored by the Georgia Water and Pollution Control Association. This student-oriented session allow conference participants to choose between four (4) Project WET activities. In addition, students were provided with the opportunity to speak with water resources professional from engineers to grassroots organizers about their occupations.
Erosion and Sedimentation Control
The Erosion and Sedimentation Act (Act) was signed into law in April 1975. This legislation was the result of over five years of work, debate, and legislative compromise. Agencies and groups that coordinated their efforts to this end included the Georgia Association of Conservation Districts, the State Soil and Water Conservation Commission, and the GAEPD.
The intent of the Act is to establish a statewide and comprehensive program for erosion and sedimentation control to conserve and protect air, water and land resources of the State. The Act provides a mechanism for controlling erosion and sedimentation as related to certain land disturbing activities. Land disturbing activities are any activities which may result in soil erosion and the movement of sediments into State waters and onto lands within the State. Such activities may include, but are not limited to, clearing, dredging, grading, excavating, transporting, and filling of land. Activities not regulated under the Act include

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-17

surface mining, construction of single family homes being constructed by the owner or under contract to an owner, and minor activities such as home landscaping and gardening.
Implementation of the Act involves local units of governments and State agencies. The Act provides for municipalities and counties to adopt local ordinances and to become delegated "Issuing Authorities". The GAEPD delegates local "Issuing Authority" and administers the GAEPD rules where there is no local authority, and oversees local programs implemented. Currently 235 municipalities and 130 counties have adopted ordinances which have been reviewed by the GAEPD for compliance with the Act.
Emergency Response Program
The GAEPD maintains a team of Environmental Emergency Specialists capable of responding to oil or hazardous materials spills 24-hours a day. Each team member is cross-trained to address and enforce all environmental laws administered by the GAEPD. The team members interact at the command level with local, state and federal agency personnel to ensure the protection of human health and the environment during emergency and postemergency situations. The majority of the team members are located in Atlanta in order to facilitate rapid access to the major interstates. Two additional team members operate out of the Environmental Protection Division office in Savannah to provide rapid response to water quality concerns along the coast of Georgia and to assist the United States Coast Guard Marine Safety Office when needed.
The team has responded to over 1,000 releases into state waterways since its inception in 1990. The number of reported releases to state waters has increased over the past two years largely due to citizen awareness and responsible reporting by both industry and owners of POTW's.
A significant number of reported releases involve discharges to storm sewers. Many citizens and some industries do not understand the distinction between storm and sanitary sewers and intentional discharge to storm sewers occurs all too frequently. A problem which arises several times a year involves the intentional discharge of gasoline to storm sewers, with a resulting buildup of vapors to explosive limits. A relatively small amount of gasoline can result in explosive limits being reached in a storm sewer. The resulting evacuations and industry closures cost the citizens of Georgia hundreds of thousands of dollars each year.
The GAEPD is designated in the Georgia Emergency Operations Plan as the lead state agency in responding to hazardous materials spills. Emergency Response Team members serve in both a technical support and regulatory mode during an incident. Team members collect evidence to support enforcement actions as necessary. During 1996 and 1997 the ERT executed 29 orders collecting over $125,000.00 in settlements. However, the first goal of the Emergency Response Team is to minimize and mitigate harm to human health and the environment.
Emergency Response Team members work directly with responsible parties to coordinate all necessary clean-up actions. Team members can provide technical assistance with clean-up techniques, as well as guidance to ensure regulatory compliance.
Environmental Radiation
In 1976, the Georgia Radiation Control Act was amended to provide the GAEPD with responsibility for monitoring of radiation and radioactive materials in the environment. The Environmental

7-18

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Radiation Program was created to implement these responsibilities for environmental monitoring. Since that time, the Program has also been assigned responsibility for implementing the GAEPD lead agency role in radiological emergency planning, preparedness and response, and for analyzing drinking water samples collected pursuant to the Safe Drinking Water Act for the presence of naturally-occurring radioactive materials such as uranium, 226Ra, 228Ra and gross alpha activity.
The Environmental Radiation Program monitors environmental media in the vicinity of nuclear facilities in or bordering Georgia to determine if radioactive materials are being released into the environment in quantities sufficient to adversely affect the health and safety of the citizens of Georgia or the quality of Georgia's environment. Among the more important of the facilities monitored by the Program are:
! Georgia Power Company Edwin I. Hatch Nuclear Plant, located in Appling County, Georgia;
! Alabama Power Company Joseph M. Farley Nuclear Plant, located in Houston County, Alabama;
! Georgia Power Company Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, located in Burke County, Georgia;
! U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site, located in Aiken and Barnwell Counties, South Carolina;
! Naval Submarine Base, Kings Bay, located in Camden County, Georgia;
! Tennessee Valley Authority Sequoyah Nuclear Plant, located in Hamilton County, Tennessee; and ! Duke Power Company Oconee Nuclear Plant, located in Oconee County, South Carolina.
On a routine basis, associates in the Environmental Radiation Program collect samples of groundwater, surface water, stream sediment and/or aquatic species (i.e. fish, shellfish) from each of these facilities. The Program contracts with the Environmental Radiation Laboratory (ERL) at Georgia Tech for laboratory analysis of these samples for natural and man-made radionuclides such as 90Sr, 131I, 137Cs and 3H (tritium).
The results of the GAEPD monitoring around Plant Hatch indicate very little evidence of releases of radioactive materials, with the exception of monitoring related to a 1986 spill of spent fuel pool water, as discussed in the GAEPD Environmental Monitoring Reports. Slightly elevated levels of 60Co, 65Zn, 134Cs, and 137Cs have been detected in fish and river sediment from the Altamaha River downstream to the coastal area near Darien. Slightly elevated levels of 137Cs are observed in vegetation samples from a background station and cannot be attributed to plan operations, as similar levels are not found at indicator stations closer to the plant. Overall, it appears that Plant Hatch operations have not added significant quantities of radioactive materials to the environment.
The results of the GAEPD monitoring around Plant Farley indicate little evidence of releases of radioactive materials, with the exception of slightly elevated levels of tritium (3H) in surface water and slight traces of 58Co and 60Co in river sediment.
Results of the GAEPD monitoring around SRS and Plant Vogtle show evidence of current and previous releases of radioactive materials from SRS. Elevated levels of tritium (3H) due to airborne and liquid releases are routinely detected in fish, milk, precipitation, surface water and vegetation. Elevated levels of 137Cs and 60Co, attributed to releases from previous SRS operations, are found in sediments from the

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

7-19

Savannah River. Elevated 137Cs, gross beta, and 90Sr levels are also found in fish from the Savannah River. Staff of the Environmental Radiation Program are working with SRS personnel on a study of the effects on human health from consumption of contaminated fish. The GAEPD monitoring results also show evidence of current and previous releases of radioactive materials from Plant Vogtle. Slightly elevated concentrations of 54Mn, 58Co, and 60Co have been detected in aquatic vegetation and sediment downstream of Plant Vogtle, and 134Cs has been detected in fish downstream of the plant.
The results of the GAEPD monitoring around Kings Bay indicate little evidence of releases of radioactive materials. Elevated gross beta concentrations in surface water are due to naturally-occurring 40K in sea-water. Overall, it appears that operations at Naval Submarine Base, Kings Bay have not added significant quantities of radioactive materials to the environment.
The results of the GAEPD monitoring around the Sequoyah Nuclear Plant indicate no evidence of releases of radioactive materials.
Results of the GAEPD monitoring around the Oconee Nuclear Plant indicate no evidence of releases of radioactive materials. Elevated gross alpha and gross beta concentrations observed in ground water at one location are due to the presence of 226Ra (naturally-occurring radioactive isotope).

7-20

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

CHAPTER 8
Groundwater, Ground and Surface Water Withdrawals/Availability, and Ground and
Surface Water Drinking Water Supplies
Groundwater
Georgia began the development of its Comprehensive State Groundwater Protection Program (CSGWPP) in the 1970s with enactment of the Ground Water Use Act in 1972. By the mid-1980s, groundwater protection and management had been established by incorporation in a variety of environmental laws and the rules. In 1984, the GAEPD published its first Groundwater Management Plan, in which the various regulatory programs dealing with groundwater were integrated.
Most laws providing for protection and management of groundwater are administered by the GAEPD. Laws regulating pesticides are administered by the Department of Agriculture, environmental planning by the Department of Community Affairs, and on-site sewage disposal by the Department of Human Resources. The GAEPD has established formal Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) with these agencies. The Georgia Groundwater Protection Coordinating Committee was established in 1992 to coordinate groundwater management activities between the various departments of state government and the several branches of the GAEPD.
The first version of Georgia's Groundwater Management Plan (1984) has been revised several times to incorporate new laws, rules and technological advances. The current version, Georgia Geologic Survey Circular 11, was published in February, 1998. This document was GAEPD's submission to the USEPA as a "core" CSGWPP. The USEPA approved the submittal in September of 1997. Georgia is now one of approximately 20 percent of the states with an EPA-approved CSGWPP.
Groundwater is extremely important to the life, health, and economy of Georgia. For example, in 1995, groundwater made up 23 percent of the public water supply, 91 percent of rural drinking water sources, 66 percent of the irrigation use and 45 percent of the industrial and mining use. Total groundwater withdrawals in 1995 were approximately 1.2 billion gallons per day. For practical purposes, outside the larger cities of the Piedmont, groundwater is the dominant source of drinking water. Literally billions of dollars could be lost to the economy of Georgia and the health of millions of persons could be compromised if Georgia's vast treasure trove of pure groundwater were to be significantly polluted.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-1

Few cases of groundwater pollution have been documented in Georgia and there is no significant portion of the population at risk from groundwater pollution from any source. No particular source of man-made pollution is known to be widespread or represents a significant threat to groundwater quality in the State. Data on the major sources of groundwater contamination are provided in Table 8-1.
The GAEPD's groundwater regulatory programs follow an anti-degradation policy under which regulated activities will not develop into significant threats to the State's groundwater resources. This antidegradation policy is implemented through three principal elements:
! pollution prevention ! management of groundwater quantity and ! monitoring of groundwater quality and quantity.
The prevention of pollution includes (1) the proper siting, construction and operation of environmental facilities and activities through a permitting system, (2) implementation of environmental planning criteria by incorporation in land-use planning by local government, (3) implementation of a Wellhead Protection Program for municipal drinking water wells, (4) detection and mitigation of existing problems, (5) development of other protective standards, as appropriate, where permits are not required, and (6) education of the public to the consequences of groundwater contamination and the need for groundwater protection. Management of groundwater quantity involves allocating the State's groundwater, through a permitting system, so that the resource will be available to present and future generations. Monitoring of groundwater quality and quantity involves continually assessing the resource so that changes, either good or bad, can be identified and corrective action implemented when and where needed. Table 8-2 is a summary of Georgia groundwater protection programs.
The State of Georgia possesses a groundwater supply that is both abundant and of high quality. Except where aquifers in the Coastal Plain become salty at great depth, all of the State's aquifers are considered as potential sources of drinking water. For the most part, these aquifers are remarkably free of pollution. The aquifers are continuously recharged by precipitation falling within the borders of the State and can, in most places, continue to provide additional water to help meet future water needs. While water from wells is safe to drink without treatment in most areas of Georgia, water to be used for public supply is required to be chlorinated (except for very small systems). Water for domestic use can also be treated if required.
Ambient groundwater quality, as well as the quantity available for development, is related to the geologic character of the aquifers through which it has moved. Georgia's aquifers can, in general, be characterized by the five main hydrologic provinces in the State (Figure 8-1).

8-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

TABLE 8-1 MAJOR SOURCES OF GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION

Contaminant Source
Agricultural Activities
Agricultural chemical facilities
Animal feedlots Drainage wells Fertilizer applications

Contaminan t Source Selection Factors

Contaminant s

Irrigation practices

Pesticide applications

Storage and Treatment Activities

Land application

Material stockpiles

Storage tanks (above ground)

Storage tanks

C, D, F

D

(underground)*

Surface impoundments

Waste piles

Waste tailings

Disposal Activities

Deep injection wells

Landfills*

C, D, F

D, G, H

Septic systems*

C

E, K, L

Shallow injection wells

Contaminant Source Other

Contaminant Source Selection Factors

Contaminants

Hazardous waste generators
Hazardous waste sites* Industrial facilities* Material transfer operations Mining and mine drainage Pipelines and sewer lines* Salt storage and road salting Salt water intrusion* Spills* Transportation of materials Urban runoff*

F C, F
F
B, C, E, F F
D, E

C, H C, D, H
D
G D Variable

Natural iron and

F

H, I

manganese*

Natural radioactivity

*10 highest-priority sources

Factors used to select each of the contaminated sources.

A. Human health and/or environmental risk (toxicity) B. Size of the population at risk C. Location of the sources relative to drinking water
sources D. Number and/or size of contaminant sources E. Hydrogeologic sensitivity F. State findings, other findings

Contaminants/classes of contaminants considered to be associated with each of the sources that was checked.

A. Inorganic pesticides B. Organic pesticides C. Halogenated solvents D. Petroleum compounds J. E. Nitrate F. Fluoride

G. Salinity/brine H. Metals I. Radio nuclides Bacteria K. Protozoa L. Viruses

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-3

TABLE 8-2 SUMMARY OF STATE GROUND WATER PROTECTION PROGRAMS

Programs or Activities
Active SARA Title III Program Ambient ground water monitoring system
Aquifer vulnerability assessment Aquifer mapping
Aquifer characterization Comprehensive data management system EPA-endorsed Core Comprehensive State Ground Water
Protection Program (CSGWPP) Ground water discharge
Ground water Best Management Practices Ground water legislation
Ground water classification Ground water quality standards Interagency coordination for ground water protection initiatives
Nonpoint source controls Pesticide State Management Plan
Pollution Prevention Program Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Primacy
State Superfund State RCRA Program incorporating more stringent requirements
than RCRA Primacy State septic system regulations Underground storage tank installation requirements Underground Storage Tank Remediation Fund Underground Storage Tank Permit Program Underground Injection Control Program Vulnerability assessment for drinking water/wellhead protection Well abandonment regulations Wellhead Protection Program (EPA-approved) Well installation regulations

Check (X) X X X X X X X
X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X
X X X X X

Implementation Status
Fully Established Fully Established
Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Fully Established
Prohibited Pending Fully Established Not applicable Ongoing Fully Established Pending Fully Established Fully Established Fully Established Fully Established Fully Established
Fully Established Fully Established Fully Established
Not applicable Fully Established
Ongoing Fully Established Fully Established Fully Established

Responsible State Agency GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD
GAEPD GAEPD
GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD
DOA DNR GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD
DHR GAEPD GAEPD
GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD GAEPD

8-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

FIGURE 8-1 HYDROLOGIC PROVINCES OF GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-5

In addition to sampling of public drinking water wells as part of the Safe Drinking Water Act and sampling of monitoring wells at permitted facilities, the GAEPD monitors ambient groundwater quality through the Georgia Groundwater Monitoring Network. The Network consists of approximately 120 -130 wells which are sampled periodically (Figure 8-2). These wells are located in all of the main aquifers and throughout the State in key areas. Water quality is reported annually. This network allows the GAEPD to identify groundwater quality trends before they become a problem. The only adverse trend noted to date is that nitrate, while still a fraction of the USEPA established MCL for drinking water, has slightly increased in concentration in the recharge areas of some Coastal Plain aquifers since 1984. General results of aquifer monitoring data for calendar year 1998 are provided in Table 8-3.
To evaluate nitrate/nitrite from non-point sources in the State's groundwater, the GAEPD sampled over 5000 shallow domestic drinking water wells for nitrate/nitrite since 1991. Results indicate that water from 97 percent of the wells has less than 5 ppm nitrate as N, well below the MCL of 10 ppm. Water from less than one percent of the wells exceeded the MCL value. Nitrate can come from non-point sources such as natural and artificial fertilizer, natural sources, feedlots and animal enclosures. Septic tanks and land application of treated wastewater and sludge are other potential sources of nitrate. The GAEPD's extensive sampling program demonstrates that nitrates, from non-point sources, are not a significant contributor to groundwater pollution in Georgia.
Agricultural chemicals are commonly used in the agricultural regions of the State (Figure 8-3). In addition to the Monitoring Network and the nitrate/nitrite sampling, the GAEPD has sampled domestic drinking water wells, agricultural drainage wells and sinkholes in the agricultural regions of Georgia's Coastal Plain for pesticides. Only a few pesticides and herbicides have been detected at levels below MCLs in groundwater. There is no particular pattern to occurrence; and most detections have been transient. That is, the chemical is no longer present when the well is resampled. Prudent agricultural use of pesticides, therefore, does not appear to represent a significant threat to drinking water aquifers in Georgia at this time. Nevertheless since 1993, the GAEPD has been cooperating with the Georgia Department of Agriculture to sample a network of special monitoring wells located downgradient from fields, where pesticides are routinely applied. Pesticides have not been detected in any of these monitoring wells to date.
The most extensive contamination of Georgia's aquifers is from naturally occurring mineral salts (i.e., high total dissolved solids, or TDS levels). Areas generally susceptible to high TDS levels are shown in Figure 8-4. Intensive use of groundwater in the 24 counties of the Georgia coast has caused some groundwater containing high levels of dissolved solids to enter freshwater aquifers either vertically or laterally. Salt-water intrusion into the Upper Floridan Aquifer threatens groundwater supplies in the Hilton Head-Savannah and Brunswick areas. Intrusion rates, however, are quite slow, being more than a hundred years to reach Savannah. The GAEPD has placed limitations on additional withdrawals of groundwater in the affected areas. This has effectively

8-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

FIGURE 8-2 AMBIENT GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-7

TABLE 8-3 AQUIFER MONITORING DATA FOR CY 1998

Ambient Monitoring
Network

Total wells used in assessmen
t

Parameter groups (See note 1)

ND (See note 2)/ nitrate
<3

ND/ 3<nitrate <5 mg/l

Parameters detected >PQL <MCL; 5<nitrate <=10 mg/l

Parameters detected >MCLs

Removed from service

Special treatment

Backgroun d
parameters >
MCLs

Cretaceous

10

VOC

7 of 8

7 of 8

1 of 8

0 of 8

0

Aquifer System

Coastal Plain

Nitrate

10 of 10

0 of 10

0 of 10

0 of 10

0

0

0 of 8

0

0 of 10

Providence

0

VOC

0 of 0

0 of 0

0 of 0

0 of 0

0

Aquifer System

Coastal Plain

Nitrate

0 of 0

0 of 0

0 of 0

0 of 0

0

0

0 of 0

0

0 of 0

Clayton

4

VOC

4 of 4

4 of 4

0 of 4

0 of 4

0

Aquifer System

Coastal Plain

Nitrate

3 of 4

0 of 4

1 of 4

0 of 4

0

0

0 of 4

0

0 of 4

Claiborne

2

VOC

0 of 2

0 of 2

1 of 2

1 of 2

0

Aquifer System

Coastal Plain

Nitrate

2 of 2

0 of 2

0 of 2

0 of 2

0

0

0 of 2

0

0 of 2

Jacksonian

5

VOC

4 of 4

4 of 4

0 of 4

0 of 4

0

Aquifer System

Coastal Plain

Nitrate

3 of 5

1 of 5

1 of 5

0 of 5

0

0

0 of 4

0

0 of 5

Floridan

31

VOC

24 of 24

24 of 24

0 of 24

0 of 24

0

Aquifer System

Coastal Plain

Nitrate

29 of 31

2 of 31

0 of 31

0 of 31

0

0

0 of 24

0

0 of 31

Miocene

5

VOC

2 of 4

2 of 4

0 of 4

2 of 4

0

Aquifer System

Coastal Plain

Nitrate

2 of 5

0 of 5

1 of 5

2 of 5

0

0

0 of 4

0

0 of 5

Piedmont/Blue

14 wells

VOC

10 of 10

10 of 10

0 of 10

0 of 10

0

Ridge

3 springs

Unconfirned

Nitrate

17 of 17

0 of 17

0 of 17

0 of 17

0

Aquifers

0

0 of 10

0

0 of 17

Valley & Ridge

3 wells

VOC

4 of 4

4 of 4

0 of 4

0 of 4

0

Unconfirned

1 spring

Aquifers

Nitrate

3 of 4

1 of 4

0 of 4

0 of 4

0

0

0 of 4

0

0 of 4

Notes: 1. Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) used for VOC Parameter Group. For nitrates, 3 mg/l is assumed for background. Combined nitrate/nitrite analysis was used for evaluating nitrate levels.
2. ND (Not Detected) used where parameters were analyzed but not detected above the PQL.

8-8

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

FIGURE 8-3 INSECTICIDE/HERBICIDE USE IN GEORGIA, 1980

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-9

FIGURE 8-4 AREAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO NATURAL HIGH DISSOLVED SOLIDS AND 24 COUNTY
AREA COVERED BY THE INTERIM COASTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

8-10

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

slowed the rate of additional contamination. On April 23, 1997, the GAEPD implemented an Interim Strategy to protect the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the 24 coastal counties from salt-water intrusion. The strategy, developed in consultation with South Carolina and Florida, will continue until December 31, 2005 at which time the GAEPD plans to implement a Final Strategy that will (a) stop salt-water intrusion before municipal water supply wells on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia are contaminated and (b) prevent an existing salt-water problem at Brunswick, Georgia from worsening. To accomplish this objective, the GAEPD will do the following:
(1) Continue to conduct scientific and feasibility studies to determine with certainty how to permanently stop the salt-water intrusion moving towards Hilton Head Island, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia and how to prevent the existing salt-water intrusion at Brunswick, Georgia from worsening.
(2) Complete the development of comprehensive local water supply plans in a 24 county area of southeast Georgia. These are required by December 31, 2000 from all 24 counties as a condition of issuing any future proposed public water, agriculture, or industry water withdrawal permit.
(3) Maintain caps on groundwater use in Glynn County, Chatham County, and portions of Bryan and Effingham counties, to avoid worsening the rate of salt-water intrusion at Hilton Head-Savannah and at Brunswick.
(4) Reduce groundwater use in Chatham County by at least 10 million gallons per day by December 31, 2005 through conservation and substitution of surface water for groundwater. This will be affirmed through reductions in groundwater use permits.
(5) Allow, on an interim basis, increases in groundwater withdrawals in the areas of southeast Georgia that have little impact on salt-water intrusion problems.
(6) Encourage and promote water conservation and reduced groundwater usage wherever feasible, throughout southeast Georgia.
Some wells in Georgia produce water containing relatively high levels of naturally occurring iron and manganese. Another natural source of contamination is from radioactive minerals that are a minor rock constituent in some Georgia aquifers. While natural radioactivity may occur anywhere in Georgia, the most significant problems have occurred at some locations near the Gulf Trough, a geologic feature of the Floridan Aquifer in the Coastal Plain (Figure 8-5). Wells can generally be constructed to seal off the rocks producing the radioactive elements to provide safe drinking water. Radon, a radioactive gas produced by the radioactive minerals mentioned above, also has been noted

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-11

FIGURE 8-5 AREAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO NATURAL AND HUMAN INDUCED RADIATION

8-12

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

in highly variable amounts in groundwater from some Georgia wells, especially in the Piedmont region. Treatment systems may be used to remove radon from groundwater.
Tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, in excess of expected background levels, was found in 1991 by GAEPD sampling in Burke County aquifers. While the greatest amount of tritium thus far measured is only 15 percent of the USEPA MCL for tritium, the wells in which it has been found lie across the Savannah River from the Savannah River Plant in South Carolina, where tritium was produced for nuclear weapons (Figure 8-5). The tritium does not exceed MCLs for drinking water; therefore it does not represent a health threat to Georgia citizens at the present time. Results of the GAEPD's studies to date indicate the most likely pathway for tritium to be transported from the Savannah River Plant is through the air due to evapo-transpiration of tritiated water. The water vapor is condensed to form tritiated precipitation over Georgia and reaches the shallow aquifers through normal infiltration and recharge. In July, 1994, heavy rainfall associated with Hurricane Alberto caused the Flint River in southwest Georgia to flood. Some floodwaters appear to have entered the Upper Floridan Aquifer through sinkholes and contaminated the aquifer with coliform bacteria. During the summer and fall of 1994, over 6000 analyses were made at domestic wells. Subsequent follow-up monitoring in the winter of 1995 demonstrated that the aquifer had cleaned itself and any residual problems related to bacteria were probably due to improper well construction.
Man-made pollution of groundwater can come from a number of sources, such as business and industry, agriculture, and homes (e.g., septic systems). Widespread annual testing of more than 2000 public water supply wells for volatile organic chemicals (VOC's, e.g. solvents and hydrocarbons) is performed by the GAEPD. In 1998-1999, one water system had a VOC level high enough to exceed the MCL and become a violation. The sources of the VOCs most commonly are ill-defined spills and leaks, improper disposal of solvents by nearby businesses, and leaking underground fuel-storage tanks located close to the well. Where such pollution has been identified, alternate sites for wells are generally available or the water can be treated.
The GAEPD evaluates public groundwater sources (wells and springs) to determine if they have direct surface water influence. Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water (GWUDI) is defined as "Water beneath the surface of the ground with: (1) Significant occurrence of insects or other macro organisms, algae, or large diameter protozoa and pathogens such as Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium. (2) Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity or pH which closely correlate to climatological or surface conditions." Microscopic Particulate Analysis (MPA) is a method of sampling and testing for significant indicators. Hundreds of MPA's have been performed each year since the program began in 1988. All of the known existing sources have been evaluated either on site or from information gathered from our files. Some are being re-evaluated as better information becomes available. Recently the primary focus of the program has been to monitor the nearly 100 public spring sources scattered around the state and to evaluate new wells and spring sources as they enter the source approval process.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-13

On the basis of the information gathered from MPAs and evaluations during 1998-1999, 30 sources were found to have direct surface water influence. During this period 75% of the influenced sources were either taken out of service, added additional treatment to eliminate the influence or took corrective action to find and repair the cause. All of the remaining 25% are either on time schedules for adding treatment or in the process of gathering more information by collecting additional samples.
Groundwater protection from leaking underground storage tanks was enhanced with the enactment of the Georgia Underground Storage Tank Act in 1988. The program established a financial assurance trust fund and instituted corrective action requirements to clean up leaking underground storage tanks. Through June 30, 1999, confirmed releases have been identified at 8025 sites and site investigation and corrective action procedures have been completed at 3618 sites and initiated at the remaining 4407 sites.
In 1992, the Georgia Legislature enacted the Hazardous Site Response Act to require the notification and control of releases of hazardous materials to soil and groundwater. Currently, there are 426 sites listed on the Georgia Hazardous Site Inventory (HSI). Since the initial publication of the HSI, cleanups have been initiated at 314 sites with 91 of them completed. Only very minor off-site pollution has been noted, and corrective action is in progress where required. As with underground storage tanks, Georgia has established a trust fund raised from fees paid by hazardous waste generators for the purpose of cleaning abandoned hazardous waste sites. Using a combination of site assessment, and removal and transportation/disposal contractors, the Hazardous Site Response Program has issued over 100 contracts to investigate and cleanup abandoned sites, of which approximately 60 have been completed.
Leachate leaking from solid waste landfills is also a potential groundwater pollutant. Georgia has a program, utilizing written protocols, to properly site, construct, operate, and monitor such landfills so that pollution of groundwater will not become a threat to drinking water supplies. In this regard, the GAEPD has completed a set of maps generated by a Geographic Information System that shows areas geotechnically unsuitable for a municipal solid waste landfill. Maps at the scale of 1:100,000 have been distributed to all of the State's Regional Development Centers. In addition, all permitted solid waste landfills are required to have an approved groundwater monitoring plan and monitoring wells installed in accordance with the GAEPD standards for groundwater monitoring. As of September 1999, there were 101 permitted active (operational) solid waste landfills in Georgia. In addition, 68 landfills have ceased accepting waste and are currently closing the facility. There are 120 landfills in post-closure care (required to conduct groundwater monitoring for 30 years). Of these 289 landfills, 274 are monitoring groundwater with approved systems. The remaining landfills are in the process of installing monitoring systems, and/or are awaiting GAEPD approval.
The GAEPD also actively monitors sites where treated wastewaters are further treated by land application methods. Agricultural drainage wells and other forms of illegal underground injection of wastes are being closed under another GAEPD program. The GAEPD has identified the non- domestic septic systems in use in the State and has collected information on their use. Very few of the systems were used for the disposal of non-sanitary waste and the owners of those systems have been required to stop disposing of non-sanitary waste, carry out groundwater pollution studies, or to clean up pollution which was detected.

8-14

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

None of these sources represents a significant threat to the quality of Georgia's groundwater at the present time.
The GAEPD has an active Underground Injection Control Program. As of June 30, 1999, there were 74 active UIC permits covering 629 Class V wells. In this regard, it is the policy of GAEPD not to permit the disposal of waste fluids; all of the permits are for maintenance of aquifer pressures or remediation of UST sites, petroleum product spills, or hazardous waste sites.
Georgia requires that all well drillers constructing domestic and public water supply wells be licensed (267 active licenses as of September 30, 1999) and follow strict well construction standards. The GAEPD is actively locating and prosecuting the few unlicensed drillers who remain in business and is working with drilling associations and individual drillers to enforce construction standards. Drillers constructing monitoring wells and engineering and geologic borings must be bonded in Georgia. The GAEPD has taken steps to see that unbonded drillers do not operate in Georgia.
Activities affecting groundwater quality, which take place in the areas where precipitation is actively recharging groundwater aquifers, are more prone to cause pollution of drinking water supplies than those taking place in other areas. In this regard, Georgia was one of the first states to implement a state-wide recharge area protection program. The GAEPD has identified the most significant recharge areas for the main aquifer systems in the State (Figure 8-6). In addition, the GAEPD has completed detailed maps showing the relative susceptibility of shallow groundwater to pollution by man's activities at the land surface. These maps at the scale of 1:100,000 have also been distributed to the State's Regional Development Centers, and a state-wide map at the scale of 1:500,000 has been published as Hydrologic Atlas 20.
Recharge areas and areas with higher than average pollution susceptibility are being given special consideration in all relevant permit programs. The GAEPD has developed environmental criteria to protect groundwater in significant recharge areas as required by the Georgia Comprehensive Planning Act of 1989. These criteria also reflect the relative pollution susceptibility of the land surface in recharge areas. Local governments are currently incorporating the pollution prevention measures contained in the criteria in developing local land use plans.
Some areas, where recharge to individual wells using the surficial or unconfined aquifers is taking place, are also significant recharge areas. To protect such wells, the GAEPD implemented a Wellhead Protection Program for municipal drinking water wells in 1993. Wells in confined aquifers have a small Wellhead Protection Area, generally 100 feet from the well. Wells, using the unconfined aquifer, have Wellhead Protection Areas extending several hundred to several thousand feet from the well. Wells in karstic areas require even larger protection areas, which are defined using hydrogeologic mapping techniques. Wellhead Protection is expected to be fully implemented

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-15

FIGURE 8-6 GENERALIZED MAP OF SIGNIFICANT GROUNDWATER RECHARGE
AREAS OF GEORGIA

8-16

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

in Georgia by 2003; through September 1999, 336 Wellhead Protection Plans covering 1,010 wells (about 84% of the estimated 1200 municipal wells in Georgia) have been completed. In addition, the GAEPD is carrying out vulnerability studies for non-municipal public water systems.
Table 8-1 summarizes the sources and nature of groundwater contamination and pollution in Georgia. In Table 8-1, an asterisk indicates that the listed source is one of the 10 highest sources in the state. Of these, the most significant source is salt-water intrusion in the 24 coastal counties. The second most significant source is naturally occurring iron, manganese, and radioactivity. On the other hand, agricultural applications of pesticides and fertilizers are not significant sources. In 1996, USEPA requested that states report information on the type and number of contaminant sources within a specific reporting area or aquifer. The GAEPD does not collect such information; moreover, such data would be of little practical use in Georgia because of the State's complex hydrogeology and interaquifer leakage.
Table 8-2 is a summary of Georgia groundwater protection programs. Georgia, primarily the GAEPD, has delegated authority for all federal environmental programs involving groundwater. In addition, Georgia has several unique groundwater protection statutes that are more stringent than federal statutes. Of the 28 programs, identified by USEPA, only three are not applicable to Georgia: discharges to groundwater are prohibited; the State's hydrogeology is not compatible to classification; and, while managed through construction standards, actual permits for underground storage tanks are not issued.
Table 8-3 is a summary of ambient groundwater quality for 1998. The data presented in this report were developed from the Georgia Groundwater Monitoring Network.
The USEPA also has requested that the States provide information on groundwater-surface water interactions. As previously mentioned, contamination of groundwater by surface water occurred when coliform bacteria entered the Upper Floridan Aquifer via sinkholes during flooding on the Flint River in southwest Georgia as a result of Hurricane Alberto. This is the only documented case of groundwater being contaminated by surface water. Also as previously mentioned there are some wells and springs that GAEPD has determined to be under the influence of surface water. There are no documented cases in Georgia of groundwater polluting surface water sources.
Ground and Surface Water Withdrawals (including water availability analysis and conservation planning)
The Water Resources Management Program (WRMP) of the Water Resources Branch currently has three (3) major water withdrawal permitting responsibilities: (a) permitting of municipal and industrial ground water withdrawal facilities; (b) permitting of municipal and industrial surface water withdrawal facilities; and (c) permitting of both surface and groundwater agricultural irrigation water use facilities.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-17

Any person who withdraws more than 100,000 gallons of surface water per day on a monthly average or more than 100,000 gallons of groundwater on any day must obtain a permit from the GAEPD prior to any such withdrawal. Through September 1999, the GAEPD had issued 277 Surface Water Withdrawal Permits, 440 active municipal and industrial Ground Water Withdrawal Permits, and approximately 19,000 Agricultural Water Use Permits (surface and groundwater). Future efforts will focus on long-term permitting, water conservation planning, drought contingency planning and monitoring and enforcement of existing permits.
The Georgia Ground Water Use Act of 1972 requires all non-agricultural groundwater users of more than 100,000 gpd for any purpose to obtain a Ground Water Use Permit from GAEPD. Applicants are required to submit details relating to withdrawal location, historic water use, water demand projections, water conservation, projected water demands, the source aquifer system, and well construction data. A GAEPD issued Ground Water Use Permit identifies both the allowable monthly average and annual average withdrawal rate, permit expiration date, withdrawal purpose, number of wells, and standard and special conditions for resource use. Standard conditions define legislative provisions, permit transfer restrictions and reporting requirements (i.e., semi-annual groundwater use reports); special conditions identify such things as the source aquifer and conditions of well replacement. The objective of groundwater permitting is the same as that defined for surface water permitting.
The 1977 Surface Water Amendments to the Georgia Water Quality Control Act of 1964 require all nonagricultural surface water users of more than 100,000 gallons per day (gpd) on a monthly average (from any Georgia surface water body) to obtain a Surface Water Withdrawal Permit from the GAEPD. These users include persons, municipalities, governmental agencies, industries, military installations, and all other non-agricultural users. The 1977 statute "grandfathered" all pre-1977 users who could establish the quantity of their use prior to 1977. Under this provision these pre-1977 users were permitted at antecedent withdrawal levels with no minimum flow conditions. Applicants for surface water withdrawal permits are required to submit details relating to withdrawal source, historic water use, water demand projections, water conservation, low flow protection (for non-grandfathered withdrawals), drought contingency, raw water storage, watershed protection, and reservoir management. A GAEPD issued Surface Water Withdrawal Permit identifies withdrawal source and purpose, monthly average and maximum 24-hour withdrawal limits, standard and special conditions for water withdrawal, and Permit expiration date. Standard conditions define legislative provisions, permit transfer restrictions and reporting requirements (i.e., usually annual water use reports); special conditions identify withdrawal specifics such as the requirement for protecting non-depletable flow (NDF). The NDF is that minimum flow required to protect instream uses, (e.g., waste assimilation, fish habitat, and downstream demand). The objective of surface water permitting is to provide a balance between resource protection and resource need.
The 1988 Amendments to both the Ground Water Use Act and the Water Quality Control Act require all agricultural groundwater and surface water users of more than 100,000 gpd on a monthly average to obtain an Agricultural Water Use Permit. "Agricultural Use" is specifically defined as the processing of perishable agricultural products and the irrigation of recreational turf (i.e., golf courses) except in certain areas of the state where recreational turf is considered as an industrial use. These areas are defined for surface water

8-18

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

withdrawals as the Chattahoochee River watershed upstream from Peachtree Creek (North Georgia), and for groundwater withdrawals in the coastal counties of Chatham, Effingham, Bryan and Glynn. Applicants for Agricultural Water Use Permits who were able to establish that their use existed prior to July 1, 1988 and whose applications were received prior to July 1, 1991, are "grandfathered" for the operating capacity in place prior to July 1, 1988. Other applications are reviewed and granted with consideration for protecting the integrity of the resource and the water rights of permitted, grandfathered users. Currently, agricultural users are not required to submit any water use reports. A GAEPD issued Agricultural Water Use Permit identifies among other things the source, the purpose of withdrawal, total design pumping capacity, installation date, acres irrigated, inches of water applied per year, and the location of the withdrawal. Special conditions may identify minimum surface water flow to be protected or the aquifer and depth to which a well is limited. Agricultural Water Use Permits may be transferred and have no expiration date.
Since January, 1992, the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers - Mobile District have been cooperating partners in an interstate water resources management study. The study area encompasses the Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa River system (shared by Alabama and Georgia), and the Appalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River system (shared by the three states). These river basins make up 38 percent of Georgia's total land area, provide drinking water to over 60 percent of Georgia's people, and supply water for more than 35 percent of Georgia's irrigated agriculture. Significant portions of Georgia's industrial production and recreation-based economy are dependent on the water in these basins. The fish and wildlife resources that depend on these waters are also vital to Georgia. The goals of the study include, (a) a forecasts of water demands for a myriad of uses in the two river systems through the year 2050; (b) estimates of ability of already developed water sources to meet the projected water demands; and (c) development of a conceptual framework for the basin wide management of the water resources of the two basins in a manner that would maximize the potential of the systems to meet expected water demands. At the end of December, 1997, the study was essentially completed. Work on most of the detailed scopes of work were completed, and the states along with the federal government, had executed river basin compacts for the two basins. The compacts are providing the framework under which the states and the federal government continue to negotiate water allocation formulas that will equitably apportion the waters of these basins. Once these allocation formulas are developed and agreed upon, the state and federal partners will manage the two river systems to comply with the formulas.
Under Georgia's comprehensive water management strategy, permit applicants for more than 100,000 gallons per day of surface water or groundwater for public drinking water have been required for a number of years to develop comprehensive water conservation plans in accordance with GAEPD guidelines. These plans primarily address categories such as system unaccounted-for water (leakage, un-metered use, flushing, etc.), metering, plumbing codes, water shortage planning, water reuse, public education, and so forth. Such plans must be submitted in conjunction with applications for new or increased non-agricultural ground and surface water withdrawals. Key provisions of the plans include the required submittal of water conservation progress reports 5 years after plan approval, the submittal of yearly "unaccounted-for" water

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-19

reports, and greater emphasis on incorporating water conservation into long-term water demand projections.
Georgia law also requires the use of ultra-low flow plumbing fixtures (1.6 gpm toilets, 2.5 gpm shower heads and 2.0 gpm faucets) for all new construction. Local governments must adopt and enforce these requirements in order to remain eligible for State and Federal grants or loans for water supply and wastewater projects.
During times of emergency, the GAEPD Director is authorized to issue orders to protect the quantity and safety of water supplies. In general, municipal water shortage plans follow a phased reduction of water use based on the implementation of restrictions on non-essential water uses such as lawn watering, and so forth. These demand reduction measures typically include odd/even and/or time of day restrictions and progress from voluntary to mandatory with appropriate enforcement procedures. Severe shortages may result in total restriction on all nonessential water use, cut-backs to manufacturing and commercial facilities, and eventual rationing if the shortage becomes critical enough to threaten basic service for human health and sanitation. Water conservation efforts are extremely important to Georgia's future particularly in the north and central regions of the State.
Ground and Surface Drinking Water Supplies
Similar to groundwater, Georgia's surface water sources provide raw water of excellent quality for drinking water supplies. During 1997-1998, there was only one violation of chemical maximum contaminant levels for treated water for any surface water supplies. Likewise, no surface water supply system reported an outbreak of waterborne disease. Since the Federal and State Surface Water Treatment Regulations (SWTR) went into effect on June 29, 1993, 22 surface water plants around the state have opted to either shut down or stop providing potable water in lieu of making the required improvements to meet the SWTR's tougher disinfection and turbidity treatment technique requirements. During 1997-1998, no surface water systems were required to issue "boil water" advisories to their customers due to significant SWTR treatment technique violations.
The Public Water System Supervision Program is designed to ensure that Georgia residents, served by public water systems, are provided high quality and safe drinking water. Its legal basis is the Georgia Safe Drinking Water Act and Rules. As of December 31, 1998, the GAEPD regulates 1,670 community, 247 non-transient, non-community and 638 transient non-community public ground and surface water systems (serving populations greater than 25), each of which must obtain a Permit to Operate from the GAEPD. These permits set forth operational requirements for wells, surface water treatment plants and distribution systems for communities, industries, trailer parks, hotels, restaurants and other public water system owners. Georgia's community and non-transient, non-community public water systems are currently monitored for 84 regulated and 35 unregulated contaminants.
The program is funded from State and Federal appropriations and grants respectively on a year to year basis and a Drinking Water Service Fee (DWSF), which has been in effect since July 1992. The DWSF

8-20

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

was necessary to provide the resources to implement testing for (a) lead and copper and (b) Phase II and V Synthetic Organic and Inorganic Chemicals in public water systems. Water system owners who contract with the GAEPD for this testing are billed annually based on the system population. Fees range from $30 per year for a transient non-community system to a maximum of $24,000 per year for a large water system with three or more entry points. Participation in the DWSF is voluntary to the extent that a system may elect to use a public or commercial laboratory, which are State certified, to analyze their required samples.
Testing for lead and copper in accordance with the Federal Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) began on January 1, 1992. Georgia's 17 largest water systems (population of greater than 50,000) performed two, six month consecutive rounds of lead and copper monitoring starting January of 1992 and ending December of 1992. During this monitoring period, 6 systems exceeded the action levels for lead, copper, or both. In accordance with the requirements of the LCR, all large systems submitted a corrosion control plan to the GAEPD for approval. The plans were approved by the GAEPD and implemented by the systems. Beginning January of 1997, the large systems started a follow-up monitoring period of two, six month consecutive rounds. Three of the 17 large systems failed to complete this first round of follow-up monitoring. In response, the GAEPD took enforcement action against these three systems for failure to monitor for lead and copper. Also, these three systems were required by the GAEPD to notify the public of their failure to monitor. These systems completed the public notification requirements, have now monitored and returned to compliance. None of the currently existing 21 large systems, as of June 30, 1999 are exceeding an action level.
The medium size systems, populations of 3,300-50,000, started their two initial, six month consecutive rounds of lead and copper monitoring in July of 1992 and completed them in June of 1993. The systems that did not exceed an action level went into a reduced monitoring phase of the LCR in May of 1995. During this phase the systems are required to collect a reduced number of samples once per year for a period of three years. Beginning June 30, 1999, medium size systems that were eligible started the three year compliance cycle. Of the 172 medium size systems that collected lead and copper samples, as of September 30, 1999, four systems are currently exceeding the lead, copper, or both action levels. These systems are currently monitoring full rounds and conducting corrosion control tests to correct the problem.
Between July of 1993 and June of 1994, the small water systems, populations of 25-3,000 in size, conducted their consecutive rounds of lead and copper monitoring. Of the 1757 small water systems collecting lead and copper samples, 1352 systems are in total compliance; and beginning in 1999, they began monitoring once every three years. A total of 230 small systems still have additional lead and copper monitoring to complete, either full monitoring or reduced monitoring, but are currently not exceeding any action level. There are 132 small systems currently exceeding the action levels for lead, copper, or both. These systems will remain in full monitoring until they have completed two consecutive rounds of monitoring without an exceedance, installed corrosion control, and for those exceeding lead, continue to provide public education on an annual basis. In addition, 43 small water systems are currently receiving some form of enforcement by the GAEPD due to non-compliance with the requirements of the LCR at this time.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-21

Monitoring for the 16 inorganic chemicals, 55 volatile organic chemicals and 43 synthetic organic chemicals, pesticides, herbicides and polychlorinated biphenyls continued as the second three-year compliance cycle commenced on January 1, 1996. New systems were required to initiate baseline monitoring (quarterly for all organic monitoring and surface water nitrate monitoring, annual for surface water inorganic monitoring and once every three years for groundwater inorganic monitoring).
The second three-year compliance period afforded many community and non-community non-transient water systems to reduce their monitoring frequency for the volatile organic and synthetic organic compounds. Public water systems that demonstrated three consecutive years of Volatile Organic Chemical monitoring with none of the 21 regulated VOCs above the Method Detection Level of 0.0005 mg/l were placed on a reduced monitoring frequency of once every three years (1996-1998).
A majority of the community and non-community non-transient water systems completed their quarterly baseline synthetic organic chemical monitoring during the initial 1993-1995 compliance period. For systems with populations less than 3300, SOC monitoring was reduced to one event during the 1996-1998 compliance period. Systems with populations greater than 3300 are required to sample for two quarters during the 1996-1998 compliance period.
In order to reduce the Federal chemical monitoring requirements, the GAEPD conducts vulnerability studies for all public water sources. The studies are conducted to assist the GAEPD with the issuance of chemical monitoring waivers to public water systems. Water sources at low risk to contamination are issued waivers from the chemical monitoring requirements as specified by the Federal Phase II/Phase V regulations. To date, the GAEPD has issued state-wide monitoring waivers for asbestos, cyanide, dioxin and most synthetic organic compounds. The GAEPD, however, does continue to monitor a representative number of water systems deemed to be of high vulnerability to contamination for asbestos, cyanide, dioxin and all waived synthetic organic compounds to obtain the chemical data needed to issue and maintain these state-wide waivers. The issuance of waivers from monitoring for the above chemical parameters has saved Georgia's public water systems millions of dollars in monitoring costs over the duration of the waiver terms.
In addition, the GAEPD is also preparing vulnerability studies for individual water sources. These studies include the preparation of county wide and site specific maps of the area immediately surrounding the water source, and a report about the water source. The maps include water wells, potential pollution sources around the wells, cultural information such as roads, and bodies of water. As of October 26, 1999, the GAEPD has prepared site specific maps for 795 public water systems.
The Federal Information Collection Rule (ICR) is a negotiated rule that was developed to provide for the collection of data to support the development of amendments to the existing Surface Water Treatment Rule (known as the Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule) as well as future regulations for disinfectants and disinfection by-products (DBPs). The ICR was first proposed in February 1994 and finalized May 1996. Under the provisions of the ICR, the USEPA required all public water systems that use surface water and serve a population of over 100,000 to monitor their source water and in some cases their finished water monthly for an 18-month period for Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, other micro-organisms, precursors of DBPs, disinfectant residuals, water quality and treatment parameters, and several DBPs. If

8-22

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

oocysts, cysts or viruses were found in the source water above set levels, the finished and/or filtered water was also monitored. Monitoring for the parameters listed above began during July 1997. The twelve public water systems in Georgia that were affected by the ICR are: Albany Water, Gas & Light Commission; Atlanta Dept. of Water; Atlanta-Fulton County Water Resources Commission; AugustaRichmond Utilities; Clayton County Water Authority; Cobb County-Marietta Water Authority; Columbus Water Works; DeKalb County Public Works; Gwinnett County Department of Public Utilities; Macon Water Authority; Savannah Main and I&D Water System; and the Warner Robins Water System. These systems serve a combined population of over 4.3 million. All of these water systems were required to complete the full ICR monitoring, except for Albany Water, Gas & Light Commission and the Warner Robins Water System. These two systems were only required to perform twelve months of total organic carbon (TOC) monitoring, which was completed in 1997.
Georgia's Source Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) program is in the EPA review and approval phase. Under SWAP, States must identify the areas that are sources of public drinking water, assess water systems' susceptibility to contamination, and inform the public of the results. Georgia's SWAP Implementation Plan was submitted to EPA on January 29, 1999. Full approval of Georgia's SWAP Implementation Plan is expected by February 2000. The proposed implementation plan was developed with coordinated participation of the Georgia SWAP team, citizens and technical advisory committees and lots of input from interested stakeholders. The plan is tailored uniquely to Georgia while still satisfying all requirements of the 1996 Federal Safe Drinking Water Act. Once the plan is approved, permitted water systems will have until May 2003 to put system specific SWAP plans in place. Due to the overlapping nature of a number of states water supply watersheds, the Division is encouraging regional watershed initiatives. Several watershed related initiatives are underway which will also fulfill SWAP requirements for the participants. An Alcovy River Basin Watershed Protection Study involving some 15 jurisdictions is scheduled for completion Fall of 2000. Columbus Water Works is hosting a middle Chattahoochee River Watershed Study involving the cities of LaGrange, West Point, Opelika and Columbus. This effort is also being coordinated with Alabama. With funding assistance from GAEPD, the Atlanta Regional Commission has undertaken an effort to assist 13 metro Atlanta counties with SWAP. Other initiatives are getting underway in the Lake Lanier drainage basin of the upper Chattahoochee River basin, in the upper Oconee River basin, in the Lake Alatoona drainage area, and in the Augusta, Savannah and Macon areas.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

8-23

CHAPTER 9
Major Issues and Challenges
The key issues and challenges to be addressed now and in the future years include (1) the control of toxic substances, (2) the reduction of nonpoint source pollution, (3) the need to increase public involvement in water quality improvement projects, and (4) a sustainable supply of potable water..
Toxic Substances
The reduction of toxic substances in rivers, lakes, sediment and fish tissue is extremely important in protecting both human health and aquatic life.
The sources of toxic substances are widespread. Some municipal and industrial treated wastewaters contain concentrations of heavy metals coming from plumbing (lead, copper, zinc) or industrial processes. Stormwater runoff may contain metals or toxic organic chemicals, such as pesticides (chlordane, DDE) or PCB's. Even though the production and use of PCB's and chlordane is outlawed, the chemicals still persist in the environment as a result of previous use. One of the primary sources of mercury detected in fish tissue in Georgia and other states may be from atmospheric deposition.
The concern over toxic substances is twofold. First, fish are very sensitive to metals and even small concentrations of metals can impair a fish population. Fortunately, metals at low concentrations are not harmful to humans. Second, the contrary is true for carcinogenic organic chemicals. Concentrations of these can accumulate in fish flesh without damage to the fish but may increase a person's cancer risk if the fish are eaten regularly.
The most effective method to reduce the release of toxic substances into rivers is pollution prevention which consists primarily of eliminating or reducing the use of toxic substances or at least reducing the exposure of toxic materials to drinking water, wastewater and stormwater. It is very expensive and difficult to reduce low concentrations of toxic substances in wastewaters by treatment technologies. It is virtually impossible to treat large quantities of stormwater for toxic substance reductions. Therefore, toxic substances must be controlled at the source.
Nonpoint Source Pollution
The pollution impact on Georgia's streams has radically shifted over the last two decades. Streams are no longer dominated by untreated or partially treated sewage discharges which resulted in little or no oxygen and little or no aquatic life. The sewage is now treated, oxygen levels have returned and fish have followed. However, another source of pollution is now affecting Georgia's streams. That source is referred to as nonpoint and consists of mud, litter, bacteria, pesticides, fertilizers, metals, oils, suds and a variety of other pollutants being washed into rivers and lakes by stormwater. This form of pollution, although somewhat less dramatic than raw sewage, must be reduced and controlled to fully protect Georgia's streams. The

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

9-1

vast improvement in treatment of wastewaters was accomplished by local governments and industries with massive funding and modern technology. While these methods are important in reducing nonpoint source pollution, they alone are insufficient. As with control of toxic substances, nonstructural techniques such as pollution prevention and best management practices must be significantly expanded. These include both watershed protection through planning, zoning, buffer zones, and building densities as well as increased use of stormwater retention ponds, street cleaning and perhaps eventual limitations on pesticide and fertilizer usage.
Public Involvement
It is clear that local governments and industries, even with well funded efforts, cannot fully address the challenges of toxic substances and nonpoint source pollution control. Citizens must individually and collectively be part of the solution to these challenges.
The main focus is to achieve full public acceptance of the fact that some of everything put on the ground or street ends up in a stream. Individuals are littering, driving cars which drip oils and antifreeze, applying fertilizers and pesticides and participating in a variety of other activities contributing to toxic and nonpoint source pollution. If streams and lakes are to be pollutant free, then some of the everyday human practices must be modified.
The GAEPD will be emphasizing public involvement; not only in decision-making, but also in direct programs of stream improvement. The first steps are education and Adopt-A-Stream programs.
Sustainable Water
In 1998-1999, Georgia was one of the 5 fastest growing states in the nation (in percentage); from 19901999, metropolitan Atlanta was the 3rd fastest growing city in the nation (in actual number of people). The burgeoning population is making considerable demands on the Georgia's ground and surface water resources. Problems of sustinable long-term supply have become critical and include:
(1) Salt-water intrusion in the Upper Floridan Aquifer in coastal Georgia, including potential impacts in South Carolina and Florida.
(2) Depletion of Clayton Aquifer in southwest Georgia.
(3) Reductions in flow in the Flint River and its tributaries in southwest Georgia as a result of ground and surface water withdrawals for irrigation.
(4) Allocating water in the Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa and Appalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint river basins equitably between the adjoining states of Alabama and Florida.
(5) Meeting the water supply needs of metropolitan Atlanta from the regions limited surface water sources and extremely small groundwater sources.

9-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

The above situations are further complicated by the fact that surface water resources are limited in south Georgia and groundwater resources are limited in north Georgia. In some locations, the fresh water resources are approaching their sustainable limits.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

9-3

APPENDIX A WATERS ASSESSED FOR COMPLIANCE WITH
DESIGNATED USES
WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

APPENDIX A
Waters Assessed For Compliance With Designated Uses
The attached tables present lists of rivers, streams, lakes, and estuaries for which water quality data have been assessed and used to determine compliance with designated water uses. The data reviewed included EPD monitoring data for rivers and streams, both trend data and intensive survey data, major lakes project data, toxic substances stream monitoring project data, aquatic biomonitoring project data, and coastal monitoring project data. The assessment also included data from other State, Federal, local governments, contracted Clean Lakes projects, and reports from three electrical utility companies.
The lists are divided into three categories; waters supporting designated uses, waters partially supporting designated uses, and waters not supporting designated uses. Waters were placed on the partially supporting list if 1) the chemical data (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature) indicated an exceedence of a water quality standard in 11%-25% of the samples collected or 2) a fish consumption guideline was in place for the waterbody. The partially supporting list also includes stream reaches based on predicted concentrations of metals at low streamflow (7Q10 flows) in excess of State standards as opposed to actual measurements on a stream sample. A stream reach was placed on the not supporting list if 1) the chemical data (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature) indicated an exceedence of a water quality standard in greater than 25% of the samples collected, 2) a fish consumption ban was in place for the waterbody, or 3) chronic toxicity tests conducted on municipal or industrial effluent samples indicated or predicted toxicity at critical 7Q10 low streamflow. Additional specific detail is provided in the following paragraphs on analysis of data for fecal coliform bacteria, metals, toxicity, dissolved oxygen, fish/shellfish consumption advisories, and biotic data.
Fecal Coliform Bacteria. Georgia water quality standards establish a fecal coliform criterion of a geometric mean (four samples collected over a 30-day period) of 200 MPN/100 ml for all waters in Georgia during the recreational season of May through October. This is the year-round standard for waters with the water use classification of recreation. For waters classified as drinking water, fishing, or coastal fishing, for the period of November through April, the fecal coliform criterion is a geometric mean (four samples collected over a 30-day period) of 1000 per 100 ml and not to exceed 4000 per 1000 ml for any one sample.
The goal of fecal coliform sampling in 1998-1999 was to collect four samples in a thirty day period in each of four quarters. If one geometric was in excess of the standard then the stream segment was placed on the partial support list. If more than one geometric mean was in excess of the standard the stream was placed on the not support list.

A-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

In some cases the number of samples was not adequate to calculate geometric means due to sampling or laboratory differences. In these cases, the USEPA recommends the use of a review criterion of 400 per 100 ml to evaluate sample results. This bacterial density (400 per 100 ml) was used to evaluate data from the months of May through October and the maximum criterion of 4000 per 100 ml was used in assessing the data from the results of November through April when geometric mean data was not available. Thus, where geometric mean data was not available, waters were deemed not supporting uses when 26% of the samples had fecal coliform bacterial densities greater than the applicable review criteria (400 or 4000 MPN/100 ml) and partially supporting when 11 to 25% of the samples were in excess of the review criterion.
Metals. In general, data on metals from any one given site are not frequent. As the data are infrequent, using the general evaluation technique of greater than 25% exceedence to indicate nonsupport and 11%-25% exceedence to indicate partial support was not meaningful. Streams were placed in the not support category if multiple exceedences of state criteria occurred and the data were based on more than four samples per year. With less frequent sampling, streams with exceedences were placed on the partially supporting list. In addition, an asterisk is placed beside metals data in those cases where there is a minimal database. This is in accordance with USEPA guidance which suggests listing if more than one sample exceeds the criteria.
Toxicity Testing/Toxic Substances. Data from EPD toxicity testing of water pollution control plant effluents were used to indicate or predict toxicity in the receiving stream at critical 7Q10 flow conditions. Based on the effluent toxicity, receiving waters were evaluated as not supporting when one or more tests gave an indication of instream toxicity and as partially supporting when based on predicted instream toxicity. Effluent data for toxic substances were used to designate either partial support or non-support based on whether instream corroborating data were available. When instream data were available, the stream was determined to be not supporting. When instream data were not available, the stream was listed as partially supporting.
Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Temperature. When available data indicated that these parameters were out of compliance with state standards more than 25% of the time, the waters were evaluated as not supporting the designated use. Between 11% and 25% non-compliance resulted in a partially supporting evaluation. South Georgia blackwater streams were not evaluated for compliance with the state pH standards because these streams have naturally low pH.
Fish/Shellfish Consumption Bans and Advisories. A waterbody was included in the not supporting category when an advisory was for no consumption of fish, a commercial fishing ban, or a shellfishing ban was in effect. Waterbodies were placed in the partially supporting category if a guideline for restricted consumption of fish had been issued for the waters.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-3

Biotic Data. The "Biota Impacted" designation in the "Criterion Violated" column indicates that studies showed a modification of the biotic community. Communities utilized were fish. Studies of fish populations by the DNR Wildlife Resources Division and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) used the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) to identify impacted fish populations. The IBI values were used to classify the population as Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, or Very Poor. Stream segments with fish populations rated as "Poor" or "Very Poor" were included in the partially supporting list.
List Content. The lists are organized by river basin and include information on the location, data source, designated water use classification, and estimates of stream miles assessed. In addition, for the partial and not supporting lists, information is provided on the criterion violated, potential cause, actions planned to alleviate the problem, estimates of stream miles affected, 305(b) and 303(d) status, and priority. A discussion of the potential cause and actions to alleviate columns along with a discussion of priorities is given below. Explanations for the various codes used in the lists are given on the last page of this section.
Potential Cause(s)/Actions To Alleviate. In providing the information for the evaluated causes and actions to alleviate columns as listed in the tables on the following pages, many potential sources which may have caused the violation of the indicated criterion were considered. These sources are identified as the most likely candidates for affecting a particular stream segment. One potential source may be largely responsible for the criterion violated or the impact may be the result of a combination of sources. In many cases, action is described that has already been taken to address the potential sources or the ongoing action to alleviate the impact has been indicated. The GAEPD is addressing impacts from point and nonpoint sources through a river basin management planning or watershed protection strategy which provides for a holistic approach to addressing identified problems in Georgia's waters.
Priorities for Action. The list of waters includes all waters for which available data indicate that water quality standards are or are not being met and designated uses are supported or not fully supported. This list of waters has become a comprehensive list of waters for Georgia incorporating the information requested by Sections 305(b), 303(d), 314, and 319 of the Federal CWA. As noted, waters listed on the partial and not supporting lists are active 305(b) waters. The list of lakes or reservoirs listed as partial or not supporting designated uses provides the information requested in Section 314 of the CWA. Waters with nonpoint sources identified as a potential cause of a standards violation are considered to provide the information requested in the CWA Section 319 nonpoint assessment. The 303(d) designation is described in the following paragraph.
The 303(d) list is a subset of the 305(b) listed waters. To develop the 303(d) list, the 305(b) list was reviewed and coded based on the guidance provided by the USEPA. Specifically, the August 13, 1992 and November 26, 1993 Memorandums from the USEPA Washington Office of Water titled, "Supplemental Guidance on Section 303(d) Implementation" and "Guidance for 1994 Section 303(d) Lists", were used. First, segments were identified where enforceable State, local or Federal requirements have led to or will lead to attainment of water quality standards. Segments where improvements were completed in 1998-1999 were assigned a "1" code and segments with ongoing action which will lead to attainment of water quality standards were

A-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

assigned a "2" code under 303(d) status. A "3" code was assigned to segments where TMDLs have been developed and approved. The remaining segments are marked with an "X" and represent 303(d) listed waters for Georgia. In addition to these waters, the USEPA added waters to the Georgia 303(d) list on December 31, 1996 and June 25, 1997. Those waters are shown in Appendix B and are 303(d) list waters. To summarize, the Georgia 303(d) list of waters is made up of those waters with an X in the column marked 303(d) in Appendix A and those waters in Appendix B.
Georgia is implementing a watershed approach to water resource management through River Basin Management Planning. This approach provides the framework and schedule for actions to address waters on the Georgia 303(d) list. This work is summarized in Chapter 2 of this report. Basin planning provides an opportunity to focus monitoring, assessment, problem prioritization, TMDL development, water resource protection strategy development and implementation resources in specific basins on an orderly five year rotating basis. Of course, significant problems may arise in basins other than the basins of focus and the GAEPD will continue to respond in an appropriate manner. Thus, a discussion for prioritization of the 305(b)/303(d) list must be made in the context of the river basin planning program and in the context of current actions underway to address water quality problems documented in the Georgia 305(b) report. The majority of resources will be directed to insuring the ongoing pollution control actions are completed and water quality improvements are achieved. This work applies to those waters which are identified as 305(b) waters and coded with a "2" in the 303(d) status column of the table. These stream segments while listed on the 305(b) report list are not segments on the Georgia 303(d) list in accordance with USEPA guidance as actions are ongoing which will resolve the issues. However, these streams are the highest priority waters as these segments will continue to require resources to complete actions and insure standards are achieved. These stream segments have been assigned priority one. This is evidenced by the "1" noted in the far right column titled priority on the listing.
Second priority was allocated to segments with multiple data points which showed metals or other toxic substance concentrations in excess of water quality standards and to segments in which dissolved oxygen concentration was an issue.
Third priority was assigned to waters where air deposition, urban runoff or general nonpoint sources caused fish consumption guideline listings, or poor fish communities, and/or metal or fecal coliform bacteria standards violations. Waters added to the Georgia 303(d) list by EPA were also assigned to third priority.
Several issues helped forge the rationale for priorities. First, strategies are currently in place to address many of the significant water quality problems across the state and significant resources will be required to ensure that these actions are completed. Second, a large percentage of waters for which no control strategy is currently in place are listed due to fish consumption guidelines or as a result of exceedance of criteria of fecal coliform bacteria due to urban runoff or nonpoint sources or atmospheric deposition. At the present time, the efficacy of the fecal coliform bacteria standard is in

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-5

question in the scientific community, and there is no national strategy in place to address air deposition of mercury which may be the primary cause of fish consumption guidelines across the southeastern United States.
The Georgia River Basin Management Planning process provides the framework for the long-term schedule for developing TMDLs for 303(d) listed segments. The schedule includes 1) public proposal of TMDLs for the Savannah and Ogeechee River Basins in 303(d) listed segments with impacts from NPDES permitted point sources by June 30, 1999, 2) public proposal of TMDLs for the St. Marys, Satilla, Suwannee, and Ochlockonee River Basins for 303(d) listed segments by June 30, 2000, 3) public proposal of TMDLs for the Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Altamaha River Basins for 303(d) listed segments by June 30, 2001, 4) public proposal of TMDLs for the Chattahoochee and Flint River Basin 303(d) listed waters by June 30, 2002, and 5) public proposal of TMDLs for the Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Tennessee River Basin 303(d) listed waters by June 30, 2003. This schedule is in concert with the agreements between the USEPA and the plaintiffs in the recent court case. The USEPA will continue to support the Georgia TMDL efforts and will be specifically responsible for TMDL development for the waters in Appendix B.
The lists in Appendix A and B will continue to reflect the segments where water quality data indicate compliance with or problems with achieving compliance with water quality standards. These segments will be removed when the actions have been taken and compliance attained. The list will grow and shrink based on these considerations and any new standard or approaches implemented in the future. This will also affect the 303(d) list as these entries will undergo changes along with the 305(b) list.

A-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Data Source Codes

State Agencies

Department of Natural Resources

Environmental Protection Division

1

= Watershed Planning & Monitoring Program

2

= Permitting Comp. & Enf. Program (Municipal)

3

= Permitting Comp. & Enf. Program (Industrial)

4

= Wildlife Resources Division

5

= Coastal Resources Division

6

= State University of West Georgia

7

= Gainesville College

8

= Georgia Institute of Technology

Federal Agencies

9

= U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

10

= U.S. Geological Survey

11

= U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

12

= U.S. Forest Service

13

= Tennessee Valley Authority

Local Agencies

14

= Cobb County

15

= Dekalb County

16

= Douglas County Water & Sewer Authority

17

= Fulton County

18

= Gwinnett County

19

= City of Clayton

20

= City of Gainesville

21

= City of LaGrange

22

= Georgia Mountains R.D.C.

23

= City of Conyers

Contracted Clean Lakes Studies

24

= Lake Allatoona (Kennesaw State University)

25

= Lake Blackshear (Lake Blackshear Watershed

Association)

26

= Lake Lanier (University of Georgia)

27

= West Point (LaGrange College/

Auburn University)

Other

28

= Georgia Power Company

29

= Oglethorpe Power Company

30

= South Carolina Electric & Gas Company

31

= South Carolina DHEC

32

= Jones Ecological Research Center

33

= Alabama DEM

34

= City of College Park

35

= Kennesaw State University

36

= University of Georgia

37

= ColumbusWater Works

38

= Columbus Unified Government

39

= St. Johns River Water Mgmt. District

Criterion Violated Codes

As = Arsenic

Bio = Biota Impacted

Cd = Cadmium

CN = Cyanide

Cr

= Chromium

Cu = Copper

DO = Dissolved Oxygen

CFB = Commercial Fishing Ban

FC = Fecal Coliform Bacteria

FCG = Fish Consumption Guidance

Hg = Mercury

Ni

= Nickel

Pb

= Lead

SB = Shellfishing Ban

Se

= Selenium

Temp = Temperature

Tox = Toxicity Indicated

Zn = Zinc

Potential Cause Codes

CSO = Combined Sewer Overflow

I1

= Industrial Facility

I2

= Residual from Industrial Source

MA = Marina

M

= Municipal Facility

NP = Nonpoint Sources/Unknown Sources

UR = Urban Runoff/Urban Effects

SB = Shellfish Ban

NAT = Natural

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-7

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Altamaha River (1,10)
Crooked Creek (1)
Thomas Creek (1)
Bear Creek (10)
Beech Creek (4)
Beech Creek (4)
Big Branch (4)
Big Springs Creek (4)
Blue Creek (4)
Bluff Creek (16)
Boggs Creek (4)
Box Springs Creek (4)
Browns Creek (4)
Brush Creek (4)
Cane Creek (4)
Caney Creek (4)
Caney Creek (4)
Carthbody Creek (4)
Cavender Creek (4)

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

LOCATION
ALTAMAHA RIVER BASIN Penholoway Creek to Wesley Horn (Wayne/Glynn/McIntosh Co.) Swainsboro WPCP to Hammock Branch (Emanuel Co.) Upstream Ohoopee River

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER BASIN Near Clermont

Fishing

Upstream Ross Keith Road (Meriwether Co.)
Downstream Ross Keith Road

Fishing Fishing

Troup County

Fishing

Troup County

Fishing

Meriwether County

Fishing

Douglas County

Fishing

Lumpkin County

Fishing

Carroll County

Fishing

Coweta County

Fishing

Heard County

Fishing

Lumpkin County

Fishing

Carroll County

Fishing

Heard/Coweta Counties

Fishing

Carroll County

Fishing

Lumpkin County

Fishing

MILES
21 3 2
3 10 17
4 6 6 4 4 5 4 10 8 5 10 3 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-7

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Cedar Creek (4)
Chattahoochee River (4)
Chattahoochee River (1,10)
Chattahoochee River (1)
Cooper Creek (38)
Crawford Creek (4)
Crews Creek (4)
Cry Creek (20)
Deep Creek (10)
Deer Creek (4)
Dick Creek (1)
Dicks Creek (1)
Double Branch (38)
Dukes Creek (4)
Dukes Creek (4)
Flat Creek (4)
Flatrock Creek (38)
Flatshoals Creek (4)
Fromby Creek (4)
Flybow Creek (4)

LOCATION Heard County Upstream Jasus Creek Downstream Fort Gaines U.S. Hwy. 84 to Lake Seminole Columbus (Muscogee Co.) Meriwether/Troup Counties Carroll County Gainesville Habersham County Heard County Forsyth County Headwaters to Waters Creek (Lumpkin Co.) Columbus (Muscogee Co.) White County Heard County Meriwether County Columbus (Muscogee Co.) Meriwether County Heard County Douglas County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Recreation Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 9 7
38 17
6 6 5 1 8 10 2 5 1 10 3 6 3 7 3 3

A-8

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Gothard's Creek (4)
Gum Creek (4)
Harris Creek (1)
Harris Creek (1,4)
Haw Creek (1)
Hillabahatchee Creek (1)
Hillabahatchee Creek (1,4)
Hurricane Creek (1,4)
Ingram Creek (4)
Keaton Creek (16)
Kitchen Creek (18)
Kubota Creek (20)
Little Bear Creek (2)
Little Panther Creek (4)
Little Snake Creek (4,10)
Little Taylor Creek (4)
Little Tesnatee Creek (4)
Lindsey Creek (38)
Long Cane Creek (4)
Low Gap Creek (9)

LOCATION Douglas County Heard/Carroll Counties Heard County Heard County Forsyth County Franklin Tolieson Branch to Glovers Road Douglas/Carroll Counties Troup County Douglas County Gwinnett County Gainesville Palmetto Habersham County Carroll County Heard County White County Columbus (Muscogee Co.) Upstream LaGrange WPCP (Troup Co.) Northwest of Helen

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 11 6 6 6 4 6 22 7 4 5 2 1 5 5 4 4 3 6 19 4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-9

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Maple Branch (4)
Messiers Creek (4)
Moore Creek (1)
Mountain Creek (4)
Mud Creek (4)
Mulberry Creek (1,10)
Noses Creek (14)
Nutt Creek (1)
Ossahatchie Creek (10)
Pataula Creek (1)
Pink Creek (1,4)
Polecat Creek (4)
Powder Springs Creek (14)
Randall Creek (38)
Redbud Creek (4)
Roaring Branch (1)
Roaring Branch (1,38)
Sandy Creek (4)
Sandy Creek (4)
Sautee Creek (4)

LOCATION Coweta Coweta County Coweta County Newnan (Coweta Co.) Troup County Mulberry Grove Cobb County Heard County Near Cataula-Hwy 1 to Hwy 85 Hodchodkee Creek to W F George Heard County Troup County Cobb County Columbus (Muscogee Co.) Heard County Upstream Columbus Foundaries Downstream Columbus Foundaries (Muscogee Co.) Carroll County Coweta County Habersham/White Counties

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 3 6 4
14 9 8
11 3 7 6 3 9 7 3 5 1 2 3 9 5

A-10

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Shoal Creek (4)
Slater Mill Creek (4)
Smith Creek (4)
Soquee River (4)
South Fork Camp Creek (34)
Squirrel Creek (22)
Sulfur Creek (4)
Sulfur Creek (4)
Tanyard Creek (4,16)
Tesnatee Creek (4)
Thomas Creek (1,4)
Tiger Creek (38)
Town Creek (4)
Town Creek (4)
Tuggle Creek (1)
Turkey Creek (38)
Upatoi Creek (1,10)
Waters Creek (4)
Wehadkee Creek (4)
White Creek (10)

LOCATION Troup County Douglas County White County Habersham County College Park Hall County Upstream White Sulfur Creek (Meriwether Co.) Downstream White Sulfur Creek Douglas County Lumpkin/White Counties Coweta County Columbus (Muscogee Co.) White County Heard County Fulton County Columbus (Muscogee Co.) Columbus Headwaters to Chestatee River (Lumpkin Co.) Heard County Upstream Webster Lake - Cleveland

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 11 2 6 29 3 2 7 6 2 5 4 3 10 6 3 1 14 6 7 4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-11

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
White Sulfur Creek (4)
Whitewater Creek (4)
Wildcat Creek (4)
Yahoola Creek (4)
Yellowdirt Creek (1,4)
Yellowjacket Creek (4,26)
Allen Creek (4)
Allgood Branch (4)
Amicalola Creek (4)
Anderson Creek (4)
Blankets Creek (24)
Boston Creek (24)
Burt Creek (4)
Caldwell Mills Creek (4)
Cartecay River (1)
Cedar Creek (4)
Chappel Creek (4)
Chattooga River (1)
Chattooga River (1)
Chelsea Creek (4)

LOCATION Meriwether County Heard/Troup Counties Troup County Jack Walker Road to Hwy 52 (Lumpkin Co.) Carroll/Heard Counties Upstream West Point Lake
COOSA RIVER BASIN Walker County Chattooga County Hwy 52 to Etowah River (Dawson Co.) Gilmer County Lake Allatoona Tributary (Cherokee Co.) Lake Allatoona Tributary (Bartow/Cherokee Co.) Dawson County Coahulla Creek Tributary (Whitfield Co.) Licklog Creek to Owltown Creek Polk County Chattooga and Walker Counties Downstream LaFayette (Walker Co.) Lyerly to Stateline Chattooga County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Drinking Water Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 9
17 4
10 10 31
4 4 24 13 3 6 4 3 10 7 6 7 7 4

A-12

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Clear Creek (4)
Clear Creek (24)
Coahulla Creek (4)
Cochran Creek (4)
Conasauga River (1,12)
Conasauga River (1)
Concord Creek (4)
Cooper Creek (24)
Coosawattee River (1)
Coosawattee River (1)
Darnell Creek (4)
Dill Creek (4)
Downing Creek (24)
Dry Creek (4)
Duck Creek (4)
Dykes Creek (4)
East Armuchee Creek (4)
East Fork Little River (4)
Ellijay River (4)
Emery Creek (4)

LOCATION
Gilmer/Pickens Counties
Lake Allatoona Tributary (Bartow Co.)
Whitfield County
Dawson County
Headwaters to Stateline (Murray/Fannin Co.) Hwy. 286 to Holly Creek (Whitfield/Murray Co.) Walker County
Lake Allatoona Tributary (Bartow Co.)
U.S. Hwy. 411 to Noblet Creek (Downstream Carters Lake) Salacoa Creek to Oostanaula River (Gordon Co.) Pickens County
Murray County
Lake Allatoona Tributary (Cherokee Co.)
Tributary to Armuchee Creek (Walker Co.) Walker County
Floyd County
Upstream Hwy. 136 (Walker Co.)
Chattooga County
Upstream Ellijay (Gilmer Co.)
Murray County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Wild and Scenic/Fishing Fishing/Drinking Water Fishing Fishing Drinking Water Drinking Water Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Drinking Water Fishing

MILES 13 2 1 7 15 18 3 1 10 10 4 3 2 4 7 3 2 10 10 4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-13

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)

LOCATION

Etowah River (4)

Lumpkin County

Etowah River (1)

Dawson County

Fawcett Creek (4)

Gilmer County

Fisher Creek (4)

Pickens County

Fourmile Creek (4)

Pickens County

Furnace Creek (4)

Walker County

Harris Creek (1)

Upstream Carters Lake (Gilmer Co.)

Harrisburg Creek (4)

Walker County

Hinton Creek (4)

Chattooga County

Hobson Creek (4)

Tributary to Talking Rock Creek (Pickens Co.)

Holly Creek (4)

Murray County

Illinois Creek (24)

Lake Allatoona Tributary (Bartow/Cherokee Co.)

Johns Creek (4)

Floyd County

Jones Creek (4)

Lumpkin County

Left Fork Coulter Branch Walker County (4)

Little Armuchee Creek Chattooga County (4)

Little Cedar Creek (4)

Floyd/Polk Counties

Little Cedar Creek (6)

Upstream Cedar Rock Lake (Polk Co.)

Little Scarecorn Creek Pickens County (4)

Long Branch (4)

Gordon/Pickens Counties

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 21 24 5 5 4 2 3 4 5 2 6 2 8 8 5 6 10 1 6 4

A-14

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Long Swamp Creek (1)
McKaskey Creek (24)
Middle Fork Little River (4)
Mill Creek (4)
Montgomery Creek (4)
Mountaintown Creek (4)
Mud Creek (4)
Murray Creek (12)
Nimblewill Creek (4)
North Prong Sumac Creek (4)
Oostanaula River (1)
Panther Creek (12)
Penitentiary Branch (12)
Perennial Spring (4)
Pin Hook Creek (4)
Pine Log Creek (4)
Polecat Creek (4)
Poplar Camp Creek (12)
Possum Creek (4)
Pumpkinpile Creek (4)

LOCATION
Hwy 53 to Etowah River - Near Ball Ground Lake Allatoona Tributary (Bartow Co.)
Chattooga County
Murray County
Lumpkin County
Gilmer County - Headwaters to Hwy. 282
Tributary to Talking Rock Creek (Pickens Co.) Fannin County
Lumpkin County
Murray County
Confluence of Conasauga & Coosawattee Rivers to Oothkalooga Creek Fannin County
Fannin County
Chattooga County
Gordon County
Hwy 140 to Cedar Creek (Cherokee/Bartow Co.) Pickens County
Fannin County
Paulding County
Polk County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Drinking Water Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Drinking Water/Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 8 3 4 9 4
15 3 3 8 7
11 2 2 5 6
18 6 2 3 7

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-15

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Pumpkinvine Creek (4)
Pyle Creek (4)
Racoon Creek (4)
Racoon Creek (4)
Rock Creek (4)
Rock Creek (4)
Rock Creek (1)
Rock Mountain Creek (29)
Rocky Creek (4)
Rose Creek (24)
Rough Creek (12)
Ruff Creek (4)
Salacoa Creek (4)
Scarecorn Creek (4)
Shoal Creek (4)
Snake Creek (4)
Spring Creek (4)
Spring Creek (1)
Spring Creek (4)
Spring Creek (4)

LOCATION Paulding County Bartow County Chattooga County Paulding County Gilmer County Pickens County Headwaters to Holly Creek (Murray Co.) Rocky Mountain Project (Floyd Co.) Gordon County Lake Allatoona Tributary (Cherokee Co.) Fannin County Headwaters to Armuchee Creek (Chattooga Co.) Henderson Mountain Road to Hwy 61 Pickens County Dawson County Gordon/Walker Counties Floyd County (Upstream Fishing Ban Area) Chattooga County Whitfield County Floyd/Polk Counties

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 3 3 4 6 6 6 7 3 4 3 7 5
19 6
10 8 6 5 5 9

A-16

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Storey Mill Creek (4)
Sugar Cove Branch (12)
Sugar Creek (4)
Sumac Creek (1)
Sweetwater Creek (4)
Tails Creek (4)
Taliaferro Creek (4)
Talking Rock Creek (1)
Talking Rock Creek (4)
Talona Creek (4)
Toms Creek (4)
Town Creek (4)
Two Run Creek (4)
Ward Creek (4)
Ward Creek (1)
West Armuchee Creek (4)

LOCATION
Chattooga County Fannin County Murray County Coffey Lake to Conasauga River Dawson County Headwaters to Hwy. 282 (Gilmer Co.) Chattooga County Upstream Carters Lake (Gordon Co.) Pickens County Gilmer County Bartow County (Upstream Fishing Ban Area) Gilmer County Bartow County (Upstream Fishing Ban Area) Paulding/Bartow Counties Shannon (Floyd Co.) Walker County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 3 1 4 9 3 6 5 3 3 6 5 5 6 6 1 9

FLINT RIVER BASIN

Andrews Creek (4)

Upson County

Fishing

2

Auchumpkee Creek (4)

Upson County

Fishing

23

Bailey Creek (4)

Crawford County

Fishing

4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-17

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)

LOCATION

Bear Creek (2)

Hampton

Beaver Creek (4)

Meriwether County

Big Cypress Creek (10)

Near Newton/Upstream Ichawaynochaway Creek

Big Drain Creek (10)

Boykin/Upstream Spring Creek

Big Slough (1)

Bainbridge

Birch Creek (4)

Pike County

Britten Creek (4)

Meriwether County

Cane Creek (4)

Meriwether County

Cater Creek (34)

College Park

Chandlers Creek (4)

Coweta County

Chickasawhatchee Creek Elmodel (1,10,32)

Cold Springs Branch (4)

Meriwether County

Cooleewahee Creek (1)

Newton

Culpepper Creek (4)

Crawford County

Cypress Creek (10)

Colquitt/Upstream Aycocks Creek

Dead Oak Creek (1)

Upstream Line Creek

Dominy Branch (10)

Near Cobb/Upstream Lime Creek

Double Branch (4)

Coweta County

Drake Branch (4)

Upson County

Dye Branch (1)

Thomaston

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 2 6 6 2 5
11 5 9 1 5
10 4
16 4 4 2 3 3 2 2

A-18

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
East Swift Creek (4)
Elkins Creek (4)
Five Mile Creek (4)
Five Mile Creek (4)
Flat Creek (4)
Flint River (1)
Flint River (1,24)
Flint River (1)
Ginger Cake Creek (4)
Grace Branch (4)
Grape Creek (2)
Grape Creek (4)
Haddock Creek (4)
Horse Creek (4)
Horseley Creek (4)
Hurricane Branch (4)
Hurricane Creek (4)
Ichawaynochaway Creek
(1,10,32)
Ison Branch (2)
Jerry Reeves Creek (4)

LOCATION Upson County Upson, Pike & Spalding Counties Pike County Upson County Spalding County Taylor Co. Line to Horse Creek Horse Creek to Spring Creek Big Slough to 1 mi. downstream State docks Fayette County Crawford County Griffin Lamar County Fayette County Crawford County Upson County Meriwether County Upson County Baker County
Griffin Upson County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing

MILES 5
26 4 3
11 49 16
5 6 2 2 3 4 6 2 3 3 35
3 4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-19

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Keg Creek (1)
Kendall Creek (4)
Kinchafoonee Creek (1)
Kiokee Creek (10)
Line Creek (4)
Line Creek (1,4)
Line Creek (2)
Line Creek (1,10)
Little Potato Creek (4)
Little Redoak Creek (aka Sandy Creek)
(4)
Little Turkey Creek (4)
Little White Oak Creek (4)
Little White Oak Creek (4)
Long Branch (4)
Mackaloochee Creek (10)
Marby Creek (4)
Matthews Creek (4)
Mill Creek (4)
Mock Woodall Creek (4)
Mountain Creek (4)

LOCATION
Hutchins Lake to Line Creek Meriwether County Webster County Mud Creek to Hwy 62 Upstream Wynns Pond - Fayette/Coweta Counties Wynns Pond to Line Creek WPCP Line Creek WPCP to Flat Creek (Fayette Co.) Flat Creek to Flint River Downstream Barnesville Meriwether County
Upson County Upstream White Oak Creek (Coweta Co.) Downstream Linch Creek (Coweta/Meriwether Co.) Upson County Downstream Hwy 118 - Smithville Upson County Crawford County Meriwether County Upson County Pike County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 3 3
23 3 7 4 2
15 8 6
2 6 8 3 5 4 5 6 2 6

A-20

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Muckalee Creek (1,10)
Muckalee Creek (2)
Murphy Creek (4)
Pachitla Creek (1)
Pappys Creek (4)
Pecan Creek (24)
Pigeon Creek (4)
Potato Creek (4)
Powder Creek (4)
Red Oak Creek (1)
Redoak Creek (4)
Rocky Ford Branch (4)
Rose Creek (4)
Shoal Creek (4)
Shoal Creek (2,4)
Spring Creek (4)
Spring Creek (1)
Starling Branch (4)
Sullivan Creek (4)
Swift Creek (4)

LOCATION Leesburg Americus Fayette County Edison Meriwether County Lake Blackshear Meriwether County U.S. Hwy. 333 to Upson Co. Line (Lamar Co.) Pike County Imlac Meriwether County Meriwether County Willis Road to Potato Creek (Upson Co.) Fayette County Griffin Upson County Montezuma Upson County Upson County Upson County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 20 2 4 3 6 1 8 11 5 8 10 2 6 5 5 3 2 2 4 19

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-21

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Ten Mile Creek (4)
Tobler Creek (4)
Turkey Creek (4)
Ulcohatchee Creek (4,10)
Walnut Creek (4)
White Oak Creek (4)
Whitewater Creek (1)
Whitewater Creek (4)
Whitewater Creek (1)
Wildcat Creek (4)
Winky Branch (4)
Wolf Creek (4)
Wolf Creek (4)
Womble Creek (4)
Woolsey Creek (4)
Tired Creek (1)
Aboothlacosta Creek (4)
Alcovy River (18)
Alcovy River (1)

LOCATION Smyrna Road to Potato Creek (Upson Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Upson County

Fishing

Upson County

Fishing

Crawford County

Fishing

Meriwether County

Fishing

I-85 to Sullivan Creek

Fishing

Starr's Millpond to Line Creek

Fishing

Downstream Lake Bennett (Fayette Co.)

Fishing

Oglethorpe

Fishing

Spalding County

Fishing

Meriwether County

Fishing

Upson County

Fishing

Meriwether County

Fishing

Upson County

Fishing

Fayette County

Fishing

OCHLOCKONEE RIVER BASIN
Wolf Cr. to Parkers Mill Cr. near Cairo (Grady Co.)
OCMULGEE RIVER BASIN
Butts County

Fishing Fishing

Gwinnett County

Fishing

Henderson Mill Rd. to Jackson Lake

Fishing/Recreation

MILES 8
23 3
16 4 6 5 8 2 2 4 5 5 6 6
4
6 15
6

A-22

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Bay Creek (1)
Beaverdam Creek (4)
Big Creek (4)
Big Creek (Tucsawhatchee Creek)
(10)
Big Flat Creek (1)
Big Flat Creek (1)
Big Indian Creek (4)
Big Sandy Creek (4)
Big Towaliga Creek (4)
Briar Branch (4)
Buck Creek (4)
Castleberry Creek (4)
Chambliss Creek (4)
Champion Creek (4)
Coley Creek (4)
Coppas Branch (4)
Crow Branch (4)
Deer Creek (4)
Douglas Creek (4)
Dry Bone Creek (4)

LOCATION
1 Mile Upstream Hwy 341 to Big Indian Creek (Peach/Houston Co.) Monroe/Bibb Counties
Downstream Hwy 26 - Houston County
Hwy 230 to Ocmulgee River - Pulaski County
Upstream Loganville WPCP (Walton Co.)
Hwy 78 to Little Flat Creek (Walton Co.)
Houston County
Downstream Indian Springs (Butts/Monroe Co.) Lamar County
Upstream Towaliga River (Monroe Co.)
Tributary to High Falls Lake (Lamar/Spalding Co.) Tributary to Rocky Creek (Monroe/Butts Co.) Tributary to Lake Juliette, Forsyth (Monroe Co.) Monroe County
Bleckley County
Bibb County
Jasper County
Tributary to Rum Creek (Monroe Co.)
Butts County Upstream Little Sandy Creek Jones/Bibb Counties

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 5 6
11 10
1 10
7 10
5 2 14 3 4 3 4 2 3 10 4 7

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-23

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Echeconnee Creek (4)
Eightmile Creek (4)
Fambro Creek (4)
Feagin Creek (4)
Gilmore Branch (4)
Hardy's Creek (4)
Herds Creek (4)
Horse Creek (1,3)
Indian Creek (4)
Johnson Creek (2)
Jordan Creek (1)
Kinnard Creek (4)
Lamar Branch (4)
Lee Creek (4)
Little Buck Creek (4)
Little Falling Creek (4)
Little Sandy Creek (4)
Little Tobesofkee Creek (4)
Little Towaliga River (4)
Long Branch (4)

LOCATION
Rock Quarry Road to Knoxville Road (Monroe/Bibb Co.) Tributary to Towaliga River (Monroe Co.)
Monroe County
Jones County
Tributary to Towaliga River (Monroe/Butts Co.) Jasper County
Headwaters to Ga. Hwy. 212 (Jasper Co.)
Warner Robins (Houston Co.)
Lester Mill Rd., Locust Grove to Towaliga River (Henry/Butts Co.) Tributary to Cabin Creek, Griffin (Spalding Co.) Cochran to Ocmulgee River (Bleckley/Pulaski Co.) Tributary to Ocmulgee River (Jasper Co.)
Tributary to Echeconnee Creek (Bibb/Monroe Co.) Tributary to Ocmulgee River (Monroe Co.) Lamar County
Jasper/Jones Counties
Butts County
Lamar/Monroe Counties
Downstream Barnesville Reservoir
Butts County Upstream Big Sandy Creek

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 27 5 4 3 3 6 3 5 8 1 10 9 3 6 6 5 4 23 13 4

A-24

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Mossy Creek (4)
Ocmulgee River (1)
Ocmulgee River (1)
Ocmulgee River (1,28)
Ocmulgee River (1,2)
Panther Creek (4)
Plymale Creek (4)
Pole Bridge Creek (15)
Pounds Creek (18)
Prairie Creek (4)
Pughs Creek (18)
Reedy Creek (4)
Rock Creek (4)
Rocky Creek (4)
Rocky Creek (4)
Rum Creek (4)
Sabbath Creek (4)
Sand Creek (4)
Savage Creek (4)
Scott Creek (23)

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

LOCATION Peach County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Downstream Lloyd Shoals Dam

Fishing

3 Miles Downstream Lloyd Shoals Dam to Towaliga River
Hwy 18 to Fifth St. Bridge (Jones/Bibb Co.)
Fifth St. Bridge, Macon to Hawkinsville

Fishing Fishing/Drinking Water
Fishing

Tributary to Yellow Water Creek (Butts Co.)
Butts County

Fishing Fishing

DeKalb County

Fishing

Downstream Lakeview Court Lake (Gwinnett Co.)
Lamar County

Fishing Fishing

Tributary to Yellow River (Gwinnett Co.)

Fishing

Tributary to Tobesofkee Creek (Monroe Co.)
Downwstream Lite-N-Tie Rd. (Jones Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Jasper County

Fishing

Downstream Lake Wildwood (Bibb Co.)

Fishing

Downstream Lake Juliette (Monroe Co.)

Fishing

Tributary to Ocmulgee River (Bibb Co.)

Fishing

Jones County
Twiggs County
Headwaters to Deer Run Lake (Rockdale Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 9 3
14 18 69
4 7 10 1 5 5 4 6 5 4 2 4 7 18 1

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-25

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
South Shellstone Creek (1)
Stalking Head Creek (4)
Standard Creek (4)
Stone Mountain Creek (15)
Strouds Creek (2)
Swan Creek (4)
Third Branch (4)
Tobesofkee Creek (1,4)
Tom George Creek (2)
Towaliga River (4)
Towaliga River (1,4,10)
Town Creek (4)
Troublesome Creek (4)
Walnut Creek (2)
Whitewater Creek (4)
Wolf Creek (4)
Wood Creek (4)
Yellow Creek (4)
Yellow Water Creek (4)
Apalachee River (18)

LOCATION
Downstream Coley, NW Cochran (Bleckley Co.) Jones/Jasper Counties
Monroe County
Downstream Stone Mountain Lake
Social Circle
Lamar County
Tributary to Ocmulgee River (Jones Co.)
Lake Tobesofkee to Ocmulgee River
DeKalb County
Thompson Creek to Hwy 42
Hwy 42 to Ocmulgee River
Jones County
Spalding County
Downstream McDonough Walnut Creek WPCP (Henry Co.) Crawford County
Bibb County
Monroe County u/s Echeconnee Creek
Tributary to Little Tobesofkee Creek (Monroe Co.) Downstream Jackson (Butts Co.)
OCONEE RIVER BASIN Gwinnett/Barrow Counties

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing

MILES 4 7 2 5 3 4 3
15 2
32 12
4 5 2 1 2 4 9 10
10

A-26

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Bay Branch (4)
Beaverdam Creek (4)
Beaverdam Creek (4)
Beaverdam Creek (4)
Big Sandy Creek (4)
Black Spring Branch (4)
Buck Creek (4)
Buffalo Creek (1,4)
Buffalo Creek (1,4)
Camp Creek (4)
Cedar Creek (4)
Cedar Creek (4)
Cedar Creek (4)
Commissioner Creek (4)
Copeland Creek (4)
Crooked Creek (4)
Crooked Creek (4)
Deep Creek (4)
Fishing Creek (4)
Ford Creek (4)

LOCATION Tributary to Oconee River (Putnam Co.) Hancock County Northwest of Smyrna Church Putnam County Hancock County Wilkinson County Baldwin County Tributary to Oconee River (Baldwin Co.) Keg Creek to Oconee River (Washington Co.) St. Road 787 to Swift Creek (Hancock Co.) Tributary to Oconee River (Baldwin Co.) Jasper County Jasper County Wilkinson County Jones County Hancock County Jones County Bleckley County Washington County Tributary to Oconee River (Baldwin Co.) Hancock County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 1 2 2 4 3 4 4
10 9 7 5 8 3 9 1 5 3 5
12 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-27

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Gap Creek (4)
Glady Creek (4)
Glady Creek Tributary (4)
Greenbriar Creek (28)
Hard Labor Creek (28)
Hitchcock Branch (4)
Hog Creek (4)
Jenkins Branch (4)
Keg Creek (4)
Lake Sinclair Tributary (4)
Lake Sinclair Tributary (4)
Lamars Creek (4)
Little Buffalo Creek (4)
Little Camp Creek (4)
Little Cedar Creek (4)
Little Creek (4)
Little Creek (4)
Little Keg Creek (4)
Little Rocky Creek (4)
Little Sandy Hill Creek (4)

LOCATION Jasper County Putnam County Putnam County near Reids Crossroads Salem Scull Shoals Road to Lake Oconee Big Sandy Creek to Apalachee River (Morgan Co.) Putnam County Tributary to Big Cedar Creek (Jones Co.) Tributary to Oconee River (Putnam Co.) Washington County Putnam County near Putnam Beach Putnam County North of Key Cemetery Washington County Hancock County Tributary to Camp Creek (Baldwin Co.) Tributary to Lake Sinclair (Jones Co.) Jones County Tributary to Town Creek (Hancock Co.) Washington County Twiggs County Washington County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 3 3 1 8 4 1 7 1 8 1 1 8 1 4 6 3 1 5 3 3

A-28

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Little River Tributary (4)
Log Dam Creek (4)
Long Creek (4)
Lowry Branch (4)
Lundy Creek (4)
Maiden Creek (4)
Miller Creek (4)
Milsap Creek (4)
Moore Creek (4)
North Oconee River (10)
Oconee River (1,27)
Oconee River (1)
Oconee River (1)
Oconee River (1)
Pinkston Creek (4)
Pittman Creek (4)
Plunkett Creek (4)
Robinson Creek (4)
Rock Creek (4)
Rocky Creek (4)

LOCATION Putnam County near Martin's Mill Road Tributary to Oconee River (Hancock Co.) Hancock County Jasper County Hancock County Wilkinson County Jones County Jones County Tributary to Fishing Creek (Jones/Baldwin Co.) Little Curry Creek to Clarke County Lake Sinclair to Fishing Creek Fishing Creek to Gumm Creek Gumm Creek to US Hwy 319/80 Red Bluff Creek to Altamaha River Tributary to Buffalo Creek (Hancock Co.) Jasper County Tributary to Whitten Creek (Hancock Co.) Jasper County Putnam County Tributary to Lake Sinclair (Baldwin Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing/Drinking Water Drinking Water Fishing Fishing/Drinking Water Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 3 5 1 3 2 2 1 5 6 7 5
20 52 37
1 7 1 4 1 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-29

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Rocky Creek (4)
Sand Creek (4)
Sandy Run Creek (4)
Sheppard Creek (4)
Shoal Creek (1)
Shoal Creek (4)
Shoulderbone Creek (4)
Smokey Hollow Creek (20)
South Fork Wolf Creek (4)
Swift Creek (4)
Tanyard Branch (1)
Taylor Creek (4)
Tiger Creek (4)
Tobler Creek (4)
Town Creek (1,4)
Tributary to North Oconee River (20)
Tributary to Turkey Creek (4)
Tributary to Whitten Creek (4)
Turkey Creek (1)

LOCATION
Bleckley County Tributary to Lake Sinclair (Baldwin Co.) Tributary to Buffalo Creek (Hancock Co.) Jasper County Little Shoal Creek to Apalachee River (Walton Co.) Jasper County Tributary to Oconee River (Hancock Co.) Gainesville Jasper County Tributary to Buffalo Creek (Hancock Co.) Tributary to Limestone Creek Sandersville Jones County Washington County Baldwin County Peavy Branch to Gumm Creek (Hancock/ Baldwin Co.) Gainesville
Twiggs County
Hancock County
Bluewater Creek to Oconee River (Laurens Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing
Fishing
Fishing

MILES 3 3 2 5 2 3 1 1 6 1 1 7 4 8
16 3
2
3
9

A-30

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Ugly Creek (4)
Whitehouse Branch (4)
Whiteoak Creek (4)
Whitten Creek (4)
Wildcat Branch (4)
Will Hunter Branch (2)
Wolf Creek (1,4)
Big Creek (1)
Canoochee Creek (1)
Little Lotts Creek (1)
Mill Creek (1)
Mill Creek (1)
North Newport River (1)
Ogeechee River (1)
Rocky Comfort Creek (1)
Taylors Creek (1)
Tributary to Taylors Creek (1)
Alabaha River (1)
Bishop Creek (1)

LOCATION Twiggs County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Jasper County

Fishing

Jasper County

Fishing

Hancock County

Fishing

Wilkinson County

Fishing

Tributary to North Oconee River Athens
Gray

Fishing Fishing

OGEECHEE RIVER BASIN
Kelley's Pond to Ogeechee River, Louisville (Jefferson Co.)
Upstream SR 119, Ft. Stewart (Liberty Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Downstream South Main Street, Statesboro (Bulloch Co.)
Newsome Branch to Ogeechee River near Statesboro (Bulloch Co.)
Upstream Taylors Creek, Fort Stewart (Liberty Co.)
Lower Carrs Neck Creek to Timmons River (Liberty Co.)
Long Creek to Hwy. 102 near Jewell (Hancock/Washington Co.)
Duhart Creek to Ogeechee River, Louisville (Jefferson Co.)
Upstream WPCP Drainage Canal, Fort Stewart (Liberty Co.)
Drainage Canal to Taylors Creek, Fort Stewart (Liberty Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

SATILLA RIVER BASIN
Tan Trough Cr. to Satilla River (Pierce Co.)
Downstream Hazelhurst (Jeff Davis Co.)

Fishing Fishing

MILES 4 3 4 2 1 1 3
5 7 1 16 2 4 12 6 3 2
12 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-31

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Hurricane Creek (1)
Little Satilla River (1)
Satilla River (1)
Seventeen Mile River (1)

LOCATION
Whitehead Cr. to d/s Little Cr.(Jeff Davis/Bacon Co.)
Sixty Foot Branch to Satilla River (Pierce/Wayne/Brantley Co.)
Seventeen Mile River to US Hwy 84/Ga. Hwy. 38 (Ware Co.)
Otter Cr. (Douglas) to Twentynine Mile Cr. (Coffee Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing
Fishing
Fishing
Fishing

Bear Creek (1)
Bear Creek (1)
Beaverdam Creek (1)
Beaverdam Creek (1)
Broad River (1)
Butler Creek (1)
Chattooga River (1,31)
Coleman River (4)
Crawford Creek (1,2)
Davidson Creek (4)
Grindstone Branch (1)
Hannah Creek (1)
Holcomb Creek (4)
Hoods Creek (4)
Kiokee Creek (1)

SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN SCS Pond to Unawatti Creek, Lavonia (Franklin Co.) Lavonia
Commerce
McDonald Branch to Brier Creek, near Sylvania (Screven Co.) Hwy. 77 to Clarks Hill Lake (Elbert Co.)
Boardmans Pond to SR56, South Augusta (Richmond Co.) Stateline to Lake Tugaloo (Rabun Co.)
Tributary to Tallulah River (Rabun Co.)
Downstream Columbia Co. WPCP to Tudor Branch Tributary to Panther Creek near Tallulah Falls (Habersham/Stephens Co.) Rhodes Pond to Spirit Creek, Hephzibah (Richmond Co.) Royston to Broad River (Franklin/Madison Co.) Headwaters to Billingsley Creek (Rabun Co.) Headwaters to Walnut Fork (Rabun Co.)
Greenbrier Creek to Savannah River near Evans (Columbia Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Wild/Scenic Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 9 6
27 8
1 1 5 5 24 8 36 5 2 6 1 8 4 3 6

A-32

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)

LOCATION

Little Bear Creek (1)

Tributary to Unawatti Creek, Lavonia (Franklin Co.)

Little Toccoa Creek (4)

Tributary to Toccoa Creek, Toccoa (Stephens Co.)

McBean Creek (1)

Poorly Branch to Savannah River (Richmond/Burke Co.)

Middle Fork Broad River Dicks Creek to upstream Lake Russell

(4)

(Stephens Co.)

Moccasin Creek (4)

Tributary to Lake Burton (Rabun Co.)

North Fork Broad River Habersham/Stephens Co. Line to Old

(4)

Rock Quarry Rd. near Toccoa (Stephens

Co.)

Panther Creek (1,4)

Upstream Lake Yonah (Habersham/Stephens Co.)

Phinizy Ditch (1)

Augusta (Richmond Co.)

Pistol Creek (1)

Headwaters to Clarks Hill Lake near Tignall (Wilkes/Lincoln Co.)

Sarahs Creek (4)

Headwaters to Rd. S 884 (Rabun Co.)

Savannah River (1)

Hwy. 368 to Coldwater Creek (Elbert Co.)

Savannah River (1,31)

Johnsons Landing to Brier Creek (Screven Co.)

Spirit Creek (1)

Marcum Branch to McDade Pond (Richmond Co.)

St. Augustine Creek (1)

Walthour Swamp to Front River near Port Wentworth (Effingham/Chatham Co.)

Tallulah River (1)

Upstream Lake Burton (Rabun Co.)

Tiger Creek (4)

Headwaters to Pole Bridge Creek near Clayton (Rabun Co.)

Toccoa Creek (4)

Stephens County

Unawatti Creek (1)

Downstream Lavonia

Walnut Fork (4)

Headwaters to Hoods Creek (Rabun Co.)

Warwoman Creek (4)

Finney Creek to Sarah's Creek (Rabun County)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Recreation Fishing/Drinking Water Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 1 4
14 4 5 5
9 2 8 5 6 26 14 7 11 8 5 6 4 6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-33

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Wildcat Creek (4)
Bear Creek (1,3)
Grand Bay Creek (1)
Gum Creek (2)
Hat Creek (1)
Heard Creek (10)
Horse Creek (1)
Little River (1)
Rough Creek (1)
Warrior Creek (10)
Baxter Creek (2)
Beach Creek (4)
Brooks Creek (4)
Buck Creek (2)
Cochran Creek (6)
Lassetter Creek (4)
Little Tallapoosa River (1)
Little Tallapoosa River (1,6)
Little Tallapoosa River (1,6)

LOCATION
Headwaters to SR 197 (Rd. S874) (Rabun Co.)
SUWANNEE RIVER BASIN
U/S Giddons Mill Cr. to d/s Ga. Hwy. 37/76, Adel (Cook Co.)
Grand Bay to Alapahoochee River (Lanier/Lowndes Co.)
Headwaters to New River, Tifton (Tift Co.)
SR S1989 S.E. of Sycamore to Middle Creek (Turner/Tift/Irwin Co.)
Headwaters to Little River, near Tifton (Tift Co.)
Headwaters near Sylvester to Warrior Cr. (Worth Co.)
Wells Mill Cr. to Slaughter Creek (Brooks Co.)
U/S Alapaha River near Tifton (Tift Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Briar Creek to Horse Creek (Worth Co.)

Fishing

TALLAPOOSA RIVER BASIN Bremen (Haralson Co.)

Fishing

Haralson County

Fishing

Carroll/Haralson Counties

Fishing

Downstream Bremen (Carroll Co.)

Fishing

Upstream Tallapoosa River (Haralson Co.)

Fishing

Haralson County

Fishing

Little Tallapoosa Lake to Hwy 16

Fishing

Hwy 16 to Carrollton WPCP

Fishing

Carrollton to Buffalo Creek

Fishing

MILES 6
3 18
5 13
5 13 16
4 3
2 5 10 5 2 3 11 2 16

A-34

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Mann Creek (4)
Mud Creek (4)
Swinney Branch (4)
Tallapoosa River (4)
Thomasson Creek (4)
Town Branch (1)
Trestle Creek (6)
Water Mill Creek (4)
Allison Creek (4)
Arkaqua Creek (1,13)
Big Creek (13)
Bitter Creek (1)
Bryant Creek (4)
Butler Creek (13)
Canada Creek (13)
Charlie Creek (13)
Chattanooga Creek (1)
Conley Creek (13)
Cooper Creek (13)
Coosa Creek (13)

LOCATION Haralson County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Carroll/Paulding Counties

Fishing

Haralson/Polk Counties

Fishing

McClendon Creek to Water Mill Creek (Paulding/Haralson Co.)
Haralson/Paulding Counties

Drinking Water Fishing

Villa Rica (Carroll/Douglas Co.)

Fishing

Temple (Carroll Co.)

Fishing

Haralson/Paulding Counties

Fishing

TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN Tributary to Lookout Creek (Dade Co.)

Fishing

Pine Ridge Road to Nottely River (Union Co.)
Tributary to Toccoa River (Gilmer/Fannin Co.)
Headwaters to Brasstown Creek (Union Co.)
Tributary to Cooper Creek (Union Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Tributary to Nottely River (Union Co.)

Fishing

Union County

Fishing

Fannin County

Fishing

Flintstone to Stateline (Walker Co.)

Fishing

Tributary to Lake Nottely (Union Co.)

Fishing

Tributary to Toccoa River (Fannin Co.)

Fishing

Union County

Fishing

MILES 6 4 4 7 4 1 2 5
2 4 9 3 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-35

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)

LOCATION

Corbin Creek (4)

Tributary to Hiawassee River (Towns Co.)

Crawfish Creek (13)

Tributary to Lookout Creek (Dade Co.)

Crawfish Creek (13)

Tributary to W. Chickamauga Creek (Walker Co.)

Dooley Creek (13)

Tributary to Nottely River (Union Co.)

Dry Creek (13)

Tributary to Lookout Creek (Dade Co.)

East Chickamauga Creek Downstream Cove Creek

(13)

(Whitfield/Catoosa Co.)

East Fork Little River Walker/Dade Counties (4)

Fightingtown Creek (13)

CR 159 to Stateline (Fannin Co.)

Fodder Creek (13)

Towns County

Gulf Creek (4)

Tributary to Lookout Creek (Dade Co.)

Helton Creek (13)

Union County

Hemptown Creek (13)

Fannin County

Hiawassee River (1,13)

Upstream Lake Chatuge (Town Co.)

Hightower Creek (13)

Towns County

Hog Creek (13)

Towns County

Hothouse Creek (13)

Tributary to Toccoa River (Fannin Co.)

Hurricane Creek (4,13)

Tributary to S. Chickamauga Creek (Catoosa Co.)

Ivylog Creek (13)

Tributary to Lake Nottely (Union Co.)

Kiutuestia Creek (13)

Union County

Little Chickamauga Creek (4)

Walker/Catoosa Counties

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Recreation Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 5 3 7 6 3 5 5 7 3 6 1
10 10
1 2 8 2 7 3 8

A-36

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Little Chickamauga Creek (13)
Little Fightingtown Creek (4)
Little Hightower Creek (1)
Lookout Creek (4,13)
Moccasin Creek (13)
Noontootlah Creek (13)
Pope Creek (13)
Rock Creek (13)
Skeenah Creek (13)
Squirrel Town Creek (13)
Stanley Creek (4)
Star Creek (13)
Stink Creek (13)
Suches Creek (13)
Sugar Creek (13)
Tanyard Creek (13)
Tiger Creek (4,13)
Toccoa River (1,13)
Town Creek (13)
Upper Bell Creek (13)

LOCATION Upstream South Chickamauga Creek (Catoosa Co.) Fannin County
Towns County Downstream Berrong Lake Upstream Trenton (Dade Co.) Union County Fannin County Tributary to Lookout Creek (Dade Co.) Fannin County Fannin County Dade County Tributary to Toccoa River (Gilmer/Fannin Co.) Tributary to Blue Ridge Lake (Fannin Co.) Union County Union County Fannin County Tunnel Hill (Whitfield/Catoosa Co.) Catoosa/Whitfield Counties Headwaters to Lake Blue Ridge (Union/Fannin Co.) Union County Towns County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing
Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Recreation Fishing Fishing

MILES 10
6
1 21
2 3 3 5 1 5 4 1 2 2 2 3 11 32 3 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-37

RIVERS/STREAMS SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
West Chickamauga Creek (4)
West Fork Little River (4)
Wilscot Creek (13)
Wolf Creek (13)
Youngcane Creek (13)

LOCATION Walker County
Walker/Dade Counties Fannin County Union County Union County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

MILES 4
6 3 3 4

A-38

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-37

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Altamaha River (1)
Altamaha River (1)
Ohoopee River (1)
Ohoopee River (1)
Ohoopee River (1)
Penholoway Creek (10)
Acorn Creek (1)
Baldwin Creek (16)
Balus Creek (22,25)
Bear Creek (1)
Bear Creek (1,4,16) Big Creek (26)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Confluence of Oconee and Ocmulgee Rivers to ITT Rayonier (Jeff Davis/Appling/Wayne Co.)
ITT Rayonier to Penholoway Creek (Wayne Co.)
U.S. Highway 80 to U.S. Highway 292 (Emanuel/Candler/Tattnall Co.)
Hwy 292 to Hwy 147 (Tattnall Co.)
Ga. Hwy 147 to Confluence with Altamaha River (Tattnall Co.)
Wayne County

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Carroll County Douglas County Gainesville (Hall Co.) Fulton County

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Dorsett Shoals Rd. to Chattahoochee River (Douglas Co.)
Hall County

Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ALTAMAHA RIVER BASIN

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 72

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 20

X

X

strategy.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 37

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

DO,FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 12

X

X

strategy.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 10

X

X

strategy.

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER BASIN

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

3

strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

3

strategy.

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

4

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

3

strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

3

strategy.

Priority
3 3 3 2 3 2
3 3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-38

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Big Creek (1,10,17,40)
Blue John Creek (1,4,21,26)
Cavender Creek (4)
Cedar Creek (1,4)
Centralhatchee Creek (1,4)
Chattahoochee River (9)
Chattahoochee River (1,9,25)
Chattahoochee River (1,9,17,18)
Chattahoochee River (1,2,9)
Chattahoochee River (1,9,10,28)

LOCATION Hwy 400 to Chattahoochee River (Fulton Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing/Drinking Water

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

LaGrange (Troup Co.)

Fishing

FC

Carroll County

Fishing

Bio

Coweta County

Fishing

FC

Heard County

Fishing

FC

Jasus Creek to Helen (White Co.)

Recreation

Pb*

Downstream Helen (White Co.)

Recreation

FC

Hwy 20 to I-285 (Forsyth/Gwinnett/Fulton/Cobb Co.) Recreation/Drinking

FCG

Water

I-285 Bridge to Peachtree Creek (Fulton/Cobb Co.)

Recreation/Drinking Water

FC,FCG

Pea Creek to Franklin (Fulton/Coweta/Heard Co.)

Fishing

FC,FCG

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

5

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

303(d) X

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

8

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

3

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 19

X

3

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

8

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

39

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999. EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) in

Forsyth County through a watershed protection strategy. Fish

consumption guidelines due to PCBs and mercury. PCBs have been

banned in the U.S. and levels have been declining; source of mercury

unknown.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

6

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999. Fish consumption guidelines due to PCBs. PCBs

have been banned in the U.S. and levels have been declining.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

42

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999. EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) in

Coweta and Heard Counties through a watershed protection strategy.

Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury and PCBs. PCBs have

been banned in the U.S. and levels have been declining; source of

mercury unknown.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-39

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Chattahoochee River (1,10,11)
Chattahoochee River (1,10)
Chattahoochee River (1,11)
Clear Creek (1)
Cracker Creek (1)
Crawfish Creek (4,16)
Dog River (4,16)
Dog River (4,16)
Drag Nasty Creek (1)
Etta Vista Creek (20)
Flowery Branch (20)
Fourmile Creek (7)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

West Point Dam to Johnson Island (Troup/Harris Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO,FCG

Upatoi Creek to Railroad at Omaha (Stewart Co.)

Fishing

FC,FCG

Downstream W.F. George Dam (Clay Co.) Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

Fishing Fishing

DO,FC FC,DO

Douglas County Douglas County Upstream Hwy 5 (Douglas Co.) Hwy 5 to Dog River Reservoir (Douglas Co.) Tributary to W. F. George (Quitman/Clay Co.) Gainesville (Hall Co.)
Hall County Lake Lanier Tributary (Forsyth Co.)

Fishing Fishing Drinking Water Drinking Water Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

FC FC FC,Bio Bio FC FC FC FC

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

Dam Release,NP Dam Release. EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed 13

X

protection strategy. Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury found

in fish tissue of the Spotted Bass; source of the contaminant is unknown.

303(d) NA,X

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

31

X

X

Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was issued on 4/20/95. Fish

consumption guidelines due to PCBs. PCBs have been banned in the

U.S. and levels have been declining.

Dam Release,NP Dam Release. EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

2

protection strategy.

X

NA,X

CSO,UR

Atlanta completed CSO treatment facility in 1997 to provide screening

3

X

X

equivalent to primary treatment and disinfection. Consent Decree

requires compliance with water quality standards by 2/1/07. Urban

runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management Strategy

for Metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was reissued

in 1999.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

7

X

3

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

3

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

3

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

3

strategy.

Priority NA,3 3
NA,3 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-40

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Foxwood Branch (2)
Heiferhorn Creek (2,38)
Hilly Mill Creek (1,4)
Hog Waller Creek (17)
Jasus Creek (9)
Little Bear Creek (4,16)
Long Branch (4)
Mineral Springs Branch (1)
Mineral Springs Branch (1,4)
Mobley Creek (4,16)
Mountain Oak Creek (1)
Mt. Hope Branch (4)
Mud Creek (20)

LOCATION Tributary to Rottenwood Creek (Cobb Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

Columbus (Muscogee Co.) Heard/Coweta Counties Roswell (Fulton Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

pH FC,Bio
FC

Northwest of Helen (White Co.) Douglas County Coweta County
Newnan Upstream from Bonnell (Coweta Co.) Newnan Downstream from Bonnell (Coweta Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Pb FC Bio Pb Tox,Bio

Douglas County Hamilton (Harris Co.) Meriwether County
South Hall County

Fishing

FC

Fishing

FC

Fishing

Bio

Fishing

FC

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

1

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

303(d) X

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

3

X

X

Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was issued on 4/20/95.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

4

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

3

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

I1,UR

Bonnell NPDES permit compliance schedule for meeting whole

3

X

X

effluent toxicity limit and a schedule requiring elimination of toxicity by

12/1/99. Bonnell did not pass the last WET test conducted 10/99. EPD

will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

7

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3
3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-41

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Nancy Long Creek (16)
New River (1,4,26)
New River (1)
North Fork Balus Creek (20)
North Utoy Creek (1)

LOCATION Douglas County Heard/Coweta Counties Cornith (Heard Co.) Gainesville (Hall Co.) Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

Fishing

FC

Fishing

FC

Fishing

FC

Fishing

FC

Ollie Creek (4)
Panther Creek (1,4)
Pea Creek (1)

Meriwether County Coweta County Fulton County

Fishing Fishing Fishing

Bio,DO FC FC

Pepperell Creek (2)

LaGrange (Troup Co.)

Fishing

FC

Piney Woods Branch

Headwaters to Tom Keith Rd. (Meriwether Co.)

Fishing

Bio

(4)

Proctor Creek

Headwaters to Chattahoochee River, Atlanta (Fulton

Fishing

FC

(1,8,10)

Co.)

Rock Creek (20)
Rocky Branch (2)

Gainesville (Hall Co.) Columbus (Muscogee Co.)

Fishing

FC

Fishing

FC

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

strategy.

303(d) 3

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 24

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

3

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

2

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

6

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

3

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

3

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

3

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

UR,CSO

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

9

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999. Atlanta completed CSO treatment facilities to provide

screening equivalent to primary treatment and disinfection. Consent

Decree requires compliance with water quality standards by 2/1/07.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

3

protection strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

2

X

X

Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was issued on 4/20/95.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3
3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-42

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Sawnee Creek (7)
Shoal Creek (4)
Snake Creek (1,4,10)
Snake Creek (4)
Soquee River (1)
Sweetwater Creek (1,2,10,14)

LOCATION Lake Lanier Tributary (Forsyth Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Headwaters (Mountville) to I-85/Ga. Hwy. 403 (Troup Co.)
Carroll County

Fishing Fishing

Coweta County

Fishing

Clarkesville to Chattahoochee River (Habersham Co.)

Fishing

Cobb/Douglas Counties

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC
Bio
FC,Hg*,Pb*
Bio
FC
FC

Tanyard Branch (1)

Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

Fishing

FC

Tanyard Creek (1,21)

LaGrange (Troup Co.)

Fishing

FC

Taylor Creek (26)

Dawson/Forsyth Counties

Fishing

FC

Tesnatee Creek (1)

Cleveland (White Co.)

Fishing

FC

Toto Creek (26)

Dawson County

Fishing

FC

Tributary to Flat Shoal Creek Headwaters to Flat Shoal Creek (Meriwether Co.)

Fishing

Bio

(4)

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

strategy.

303(d) 3

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 12

X

3,X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

6

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

24

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999. EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) in

Douglas County through a watershed protection strategy.

UR,CSO

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

2

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999. Tanyard Creek CSO completed 10/94 providing

treatment by screening equivalent to primary treatment and

disinfection. Consent Decree requires compliance with water quality

standards by 2/1/07.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

2

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

3

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

5

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

3

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-43

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Tributary to Mud Creek (14)

LOCATION Cobb County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Tributary to Sope Creek (14)

Cobb County

Fishing

Trib. to West Fork Little River (1)
Two Mile Creek (26)
Wahoo Creek (4)
Ward Creek (14)

Hall County Forsyth County Upstream Arnco Mills Lake (Coweta Co.) Cobb County

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Whooping Creek (1,4)
Woodall Creek (1)

Carroll County Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Yahoola Creek (1,36)
Yellow Jacket Creek (1)

Dahlonega WPCP to Chestatee River (Lumpkin Co.) LaGrange (Troup Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Allatoona Creek (14,24)
Bear Branch (12)

Cobb County Fannin County

Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

3

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

303(d) X

Cd,Cu,Pb

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

1

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

3

strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

3

strategy.

Bio

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy.

FC,Pb

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

6

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

3

strategy.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

3

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

Pb,Hg

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

5

X

3

protection strategy.

COOSA RIVER BASIN

FC,Pb

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

9

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

Cu,Zn

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3
2 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-44

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Beech Creek (12)
Cartecay River (1)
Chappel Creek (2)
Chastain Branch (2)
Coahulla Creek (1)
Cox Creek
Etowah River (1)
Etowah River (1)
Euharlee Creek (1)
Hickory Creek (12)
Holly Creek (1,2)
Holly Creek (1)
Jacks River (1,12)
Lavendar Creek (29)

LOCATION Fannin County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
pH,Cd

Owltown Creek to Coosawattee River (Gilmer Co.)

Fishing

FC

Trion (Chattooga Co.)

Fishing

FC

Tributary to Noonday Creek (Cobb Co.)

Fishing

FC

Below 728 Road to Mill Creek (Whitfield Co.)

Fishing

FC

Ellijay (Gilmer Co.)

Fishing

FC

Sharp Mountain Creek to Lake Allatoona (Cherokee Fishing/Drinking Water Co.)

Richland Creek to Euharlee Creek (Bartow Co.)

Fishing

Cu,FCG FCG

Hills Creek to upstream Plant Bowen (Bartow Co.)

Fishing

FC

Murray/Fannin Counties

Fishing

Cu

Downstream Chatsworth WPCP (Murray Co.)

Fishing

Cd

Rock Creek to Conasauga River (Murray Co.)

Fishing

FC

West/South Forks to Stateline (Fannin Co.)

Wild/Scenic

Zn

Rocky Mountain Project (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

FC

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

strategy.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

3

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

2

X

3

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

3

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 20

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy. Fish Consumption Guidelines for mercury and PCBs. PCBs

have been banned in the U.S. and levels have been declining.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 22

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

3

strategy.

Priority 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
3 2 2 3 2 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-45

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Little Allatoona Creek (14)

LOCATION Cobb County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Mountaintown Creek (1)
Oostanaula River (1)

Hwy. 282 to Coosawattee River (Gilmer Co.) Oothkalooga Creek to Hwy 156 (Gordon Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Pumpkinvine Creek (1)
Rice Camp Branch (12)
Rocky Creek (17)

Little Pumpkinvine Creek to Etowah River (Paulding/Bartow Co.) Fannin County
Fulton County

Fishing Fishing Fishing

Rough Creek (12)
Swamp Creek (1)

Murray County Headwaters to confluence with Conasauga River

Fishing Fishing

Tails Creek (1)
Talking Rock Creek (1)

Hwy. 282 to Carters Lake (Gilmer Co.)
Ga. Hwy. 136 to Pickens/Gilmer County Line (Pickens Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Tributary to Oothkalooga Creek (2)

Peters Street to Oothkalooga Creek, Calhoun (Gordon Co.)

Fishing

Avera Creek (4)

Crawford County

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

3

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

303(d) X

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

FC,FCG

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

5

X

X

protection strategy. Fish consumption guidelines for PCBs. PCBs have

been banned in the U.S. and levels have been declining.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 15

X

X

strategy.

Cd

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

1

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

pH,Cu

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

X

strategy. Fish consumption guidance due in part to natural source of

mercury.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

FC,FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 19

X

X

strategy. Fish consumption guidance due in part to natural source of

mercury.

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

FLINT RIVER BASIN

Bio,pH

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3
3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-46

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Aycocks Creek (1,10)
Baptist Branch (1,2)
Basin Creek (4)
Beaver Creek (4)
Beaver Creek (1)
Bell Creek (1,2,4)
Buck Creek (1,10)
Cannon Branch (25)
Cedar Creek (25)
Chickasawhatchee Creek (1)
Dry Creek (1)
Elkins Creek (1)
Flat Creek (1)

LOCATION Miller County Downstream Blakely (Early Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

Fishing

Pb

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 15

X

strategy.

303(d) 3

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

2

X

X

protection strategy. Blakey WPCP in compliance with permit

requirements for Pb (1999).

Upson County Crawford County Butler (Taylor Co.)
Thomaston (Upson Co.) Oglethorpe (Macon Co.)
Lake Blackshear Crisp County
Dougherty County Downstream Blakely (Early Co.)
Molena (Pike Co.) Lake Peachtree to Line Creek, Peachtree City
(Fayette Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Bio Bio,DO Hg,Cr,Cu,Zn,FCG
FC FC pH Zn* FC FC FC DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 11

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy. City of Butler LAS completed and discharge eliminated

12/5/98. Fish consumption guidance is due to mercury in fish tissue.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 16

X

3

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 12

X

3

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 12

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 11

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3 2
3 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-47

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Flint River (1,10)
Flint River (1)
Flint River (10)
Gum Creek (1,24)
Heads Creek (4)
Hog Crawl Creek (10,24)
Lee Creek (4)
Lewis Creek (4)
Limestone Creek (24)
Muckalee Creek (1)
North Branch (4)
Patsiliga Creek (1)

LOCATION
N. Hampton Road to Road S1058/ Woolsey Rd. (Clayton Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

Flat Shoals Rd. to Taylor County line

Fishing

FCG

Racoon Creek to Ichawaynochaway Creek

Fishing

FC

Downstream Cordele Downstream Griffin Reservoir
NW Cordele Crawford County - Downstream Lake Henry
Pike County Lake Blackshear Upstream Americus Crawford County Beaver Cr. to Flint River, Butler (Taylor Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Zn*,FC,FCG Bio Pb* Bio Bio
Zn*,Cu* FC Bio FCG

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

5

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 43

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

UR,CSO

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 28

X

X

protection strategy. Albany CSO treatment plant expansion completed

8/97. Construction on pump stations completed 7/25/98.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

6

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

3

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

M

City of Butler completed LAS, discharge eliminated 12/5/98. Fish

6

X

X

consumption guidance due to mercury in fish tissue.

Priority 3
3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-48

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Potato Creek (1,4)
Potato Creek (1,3,10)
Spring Creek (1,10)
Spring Creek (25)
Sullivan Creek (1,34)
Swift Creek (24)
Town Branch (4)
Tributary to Nash Creek (2)
Vallhalla Branch (24)
Whitewater Creek (4)
Willingham Spring Creek (4)
Attapulgus Creek (1)

LOCATION
Headwaters to U.S. Hwy. 333 (Spalding/Lamar Counties)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Thomaston Downstream Arlington & Colquitt
Lake Blackshear Clayton County
Lake Blackshear Thomaston (Upson Co.) Fayetteville (Faytette Co.)
Lake Blackshear Upstream Lees Lake (Fayette Co.)
Upson County

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Callahan Br. to Little Attapulgus Cr. (Decatur Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Bio

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP,UR,M

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 11

X

protection strategy. Griffin Potato Creek WPCP is under a compliance

schedule to meet TRC limit by 5/14/99 and to meet other permit limits

including one for whole effluent toxicity by 5/14/2000. WPCP passed

quarterly WET test 11/99 and is in compliance with TRC limits in

permit.

303(d) X

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 11

X

3

protection strategy.

FC,FCG

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 35

X

X

protection strategy.

Zn*,Pb*

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy for the basin.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

5

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

Zn*,Pb*

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

7

X

X

strategy.

Bio

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

3

protection strategy.

Cu*

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

Bio

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

6

X

X

protection strategy.

Bio

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

OCHLOCKONEE RIVER BASIN

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-49

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Barnetts Creek (1)
E. Br. Barnetts Creek (1)
Little Tired Creek (1,2,3)
Ochlockonee River (1)
Olive Creek (2)
Tired Creek (1)
Almand Branch (1,2,23)
Beaver Ruin Creek (2,18)
Big Flat Creek (1)
Big Haynes Creek (2,18,23)
Big Haynes Creek (23)
Big Sandy Creek (4)

LOCATION
West Branch to Ochlockonee River, W. of Thomasville (Thomas/Grady Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Horse Cr. to Barnetts Cr. near Ochlocknee (Thomas Co.)

Fishing

SR188 downstream Cairo to Tired Cr. (Grady Co.)

Fishing

Oquina Creek to Stateline (Thomas/Grady Co.)

Fishing

Headwaters to upstream U.S. Hwy. 19, Thomasville (Thomas Co.)
Turkey Cr. to Ochlockonee River (Grady Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Downstream Almand Branch WPCP (Rockdale Co.) Gwinnett County

Fishing Fishing

Downstream Loganville WPCP (Walton Co.)

Fishing

Gwinnett County

Fishing

Rockdale County Upsteam Indian Springs (Butts Co.)

Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

strategy.

303(d) X

DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

DO,FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

6

X

X

protection strategy.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 33

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FC,DO

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

OCMULGEE RIVER BASIN

FC,DO

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

8

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

DO,Tox

M

City under order to meet whole effluent toxicity limit by 10/17/00. The

2

X

X

City is implementing plant upgrade and will implement a stormwater

management program.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

9

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 14

X

X

protection strategy.

Bio

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

X

strategy.

Priority 2 2 2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-50

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Boar Tusk Creek (2) Bromolow Creek (18)
Brown Branch (4)
Brush Creek (2)
Brushy Fork Creek (23)
Butlers Creek (4)
Cabin Creek (1,4)
Calaparchee Creek (4)
Camp Creek (2)
Cedar Creek (18)
Cole Creek (4)
Falling Creek (1,4,10)

LOCATION Rockdale County Gwinnett County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

Fishing

FC

Headwaters (Locust Grove) to Wolf Creek (Henry

Fishing

Bio

Co.)

Downstream Stockbridge WPCP (Henry Co.)

Fishing

Zn

Lake Carlton to Big Haynes Creek (Gwinnett Co.)

Fishing

FC

Tributary to Ocmulgee River (Jones Co.) Hwy. 16 to Towaliga River, Downstream Griffin

Fishing Fishing

Bio DO,Bio,Tox

Upstream Lake Wildwood (Monroe/Bibb Co.)

Fishing

Bio

DeKalb/Gwinnett Counties

Fishing

FC

Tributary to Alcovy River (Gwinnett Co.)

Fishing

FC

Tributary to Tobesofkee Creek (Lamar/Monroe Co.)

Fishing

Bio

Jones County

Fishing

Hg*

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

protection strategy.

303(d) 3

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

5

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

M

Enforcement action against Stockbridge WPCP for zinc violations.

2

X

X

Consent Order issued 6/9/98. City paying stipulated penalties for

violations of zinc requirements.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

5

X

3

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

I1

Spring Industries (formerly known as Dundee Mills) under Order to

13

X

X

attain compliance with permit limits by 12/1/01. Model predicts DO

violations at low flow in Cabin Creek. Model calibration study planned

in conjunction with next river basin monitoring.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

X

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

4

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

3

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3 3 3 2 3 3 2
3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-51

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Gladesville Creek (4)
Hansford Branch (4)
Harmon Pye Branch (4)
Hartley Branch (4)
Herds Creek (4)
Honey Creek (1,23)
Jackson Creek (1,18)

LOCATION Headwaters to Little Falling Creek (Jasper Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Bio

Monroe County

Fishing

Bio

Tributary to Wise Creek (Jasper Co.)

Fishing

Bio

Tributary to Deep Creek (Crawford Co.)

Fishing

Bio

D/S Ga. Hwy. 212 to Ocmulgee River (Jasper Co.)

Fishing

Bio

DeKalb/Rockdale Counties

Fishing

FC

Gwinnett County

Fishing

FC

Little Chehaw Creek

Headwaters to Chehaw Creek (Jones Co.)

Fishing

Bio

(4)

Little Deer Creek (4)

Monroe County

Fishing

Bio

Little Haynes Creek

Hwy 20 to Big Haynes Creek (Walton/Rockdale Co.)

Fishing

FC

(23)

Little Shellstone Creek (4)

Bleckley County

Fishing

Bio

Little Stone Mountain Creek (15)

DeKalb County

Fishing

FC

Little Suwanee Creek

Tributary to Yellow River (Gwinnett Co.)

Fishing

FC

(18)

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

strategy.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

X

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

7

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 11

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

2

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

3

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-52

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Long Branch (4)
Malholms Creek (4)
McClain Branch (2,23)
Mill Dam Creek (4)
No Business Creek (2,18)

LOCATION Tributary to Ocmulgee River (Jasper Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Bio

Headwaters (Jenkinsburg) to Tussahaw Creek (Butts

Fishing

Bio

Co.)

Rockdale County

Fishing

FC

Monroe County

Fishing

Bio

Gwinnett County

Fishing

FC

North Branch South River

Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

Fishing

FC

Ocmulgee River (1,2)

Hawkinsville to U.S. Hwy 441 (Pulaski/Wilcox/Ben Hill/Coffee Co.)

Fishing

FC,FCG

Ocmulgee River

U.S. Hwy 441 to Altamaha River

Fishing

FCG

(1)

Phinazee Creek (4)

Lamar/Monroe Counties

Fishing

Bio

Pounds Creek

Upstream Lakeview Ct. Lake (Gwinnett Co.)

Fishing

FC

(18)

Red Creek

Tributary to Rocky Creek (Monroe Co.)

Fishing

Bio

(4)

Rock Creek

Upstream Lite-N-Tie Rd. (Jones Co.)

Fishing

Bio

(4)

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

strategy.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

7

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

UR,CSO

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

3

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999. CSO permit issued and requirements being met.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 72

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue. Consumption guidelines start at Hwy. 280 (Abbeville) in Wilcox

Co.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 44

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

1

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-53

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Rocky Creek (4)
Rocky Creek (4)
Rocky Creek (4)
Rocky Creek (1)
Rum Creek (4)
Sand Branch (4)
Sandy Run Creek (2,4)
Scoggins Creek (4)
Shellstone Creek (4)
Shetley Creek (2)
Shoal Creek (18)
Snapping Shoals Creek (23)

LOCATION Upstream Big Sandy Creek (Monroe/Butts Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Bio

D/S English Rd. (CR152) to Towaliga River

Fishing

Bio

(Monroe Co.)

Upstream Lake Wildwood (Monroe/Bibb Co.)

Fishing

Bio

Upstream Tobesofkee Creek, Macon (Bibb Co.)

Fishing

Pb*

Rum and Town Creeks, Upstream Lake Juliette

Fishing

Bio

(Monroe Co.)

Tributary to Towaliga River (Monroe Co.)

Fishing

Bio

Downstream Warner Robins (Houston Co.)

Fishing

Bio,Zn

Tributary to Ocmulgee River (Jones Co.)

Fishing

Bio

U.S. Hwy. 23 to Ocmulgee River (Bleckley/Twiggs

Fishing

Bio

Co.)

Tributary to Bromolow Creek (Gwinnett Co.)

Fishing

FC

City Lake to Alcovy River, Lawrenceville (Gwinnett

Fishing

FC

Co.)

Almand Branch Creek to Bethany Road

Fishing

FC

(Rockdale/Newton Co.)

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

strategy.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

7

X

X

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

2

X

X

Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was issued on 5/25/95.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

2

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

X

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

2

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

5

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
3
3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-54

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
South River (1,15,23)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Pole Bridge Creek to Hwy 20 (Rockdale/Henry Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC,Cu,Pb,Zn,FCG

South River (1,23)
Spring Branch (4)
Stone Mountain Creek (2,15)

Snapping Shoals to Jackson Lake (Newton Co.) Tributary to Wise Creek (Jasper Co.)
Upstream Stone Mountain Lake (DeKalb Co.)

Swift Creek (15)

Tributary to Yellow River (DeKalb Co.)

Tobesofkee Creek (4)

Lamar/Monroe Counties

Tobler Creek (4)
Todd Creek (4)
Tributary to Tobesofkee Creek (1,3)
Turkey Creek (18)

Tributary to Ocmulgee River (Monroe Co.) Tributary to Tobesofkee River (Monroe Co.)
Barnesville (Lamar Co.) Gwinnett County

Turnpike Creek (10)
Walnut Creek (4)

Hwy 80 to Sugar Creek (Telfair Co.) Downstream Hwy 42 (Crawford Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

FC Bio FC,Cu FC,Pb Bio Bio Bio Pb,Tox,Bio FC DO Bio

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

UR,CSO

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 15

X

protection strategy. The South River is impacted by Atlanta CSOs

discharging upstream (McDaniel St. & Custer Ave. CSOs). Consent

Decree requires compliance with water quality standards by 2/1/07.

Fish Consumption Guidelines due to PCBs. PCBs have been banned in

the U.S. and levels have been declining.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

7

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

4

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

5

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

I1,NP

William Carter Co. scheduled to eliminate discharge in early 2000.

12

X

2,X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

I1

William Carter Co. scheduled to eliminate discharge in early 2000.

2

X

X

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

4

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 24

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

Priority 2
3 3 2 2 1,3 3 3 2 3 2 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-55

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Walnut Creek (4)
Watson Creek (18)

LOCATION Jones/Bibb Counties

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Tributary to Yellow River (Gwinnett Co.)

Fishing

White Creek (4)
Wise Creek (4)
Wood Creek (4)

Lamar/Monroe Counties Jasper County
Headwaters to d/s Ga. Hwy. 83 (Lamar/Monroe Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

Allen Creek (20)

Gainesville (Hall Co.)

Alligator Creek (also known as Ugly Creek) (4)

Twiggs County

Apalachee River (1)

Hwy. 186 to Lake Oconee (Oconee/Morgan/Greene Co.)

Beaverdam Creek (28)

Oliver Creek to Lake Oconee, S. of Greensboro (Greene Co.)

Big Cedar Creek (1)

Cedar Creek to Lake Sinclair (Jones/Putnam/Baldwin Co.)

Big Indian Creek (1)

I-20 to Little River (Morgan/Putnam Co.)

Black Creek (4)

Baldwin County

Bottoms Branch (20)

Tributary 5 to North Walnut Creek, Gainesville (Hall Co.)

Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Bio

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 20

X

strategy.

303(d) X

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

5

X

X

Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide stormwater permit was

reissued in 1999.

Bio

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

Bio

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

Bio

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

OCONEE RIVER BASIN

FC,Pb*

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy.

Bio

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

FC,FCG FC FC FC Bio
Hg*, DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 21

X

X

strategy. Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish tissue.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 18

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority 3 3
3 3 3
3 3
3 3 3 3 3 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-56

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Carter's Mill Creek (4)
Cedar Creek (1)
Commissioner Creek (1)
Crooked Creek (4)
E. T. Creek (20)
Jacks Creek (2)
Lick Creek (4)
Limestone Creek (4)

LOCATION Washington County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Winder (Barrow Co.)

Fishing

Little Commissioner Creek to Upstream Oconee River (Wilkinson Co.)
Putnam County

Fishing Fishing

Tributary to North Walnut Creek, Gainesville (Hall Co.)
Downstream Monroe Jacks Creek WPCP (Walton Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Upstream Lake Oconee (Putnam Co.)

Fishing

Washington County

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Bio Pb* FC Bio FC Cu Bio Bio

Little Commissioner Creek (4)

Wilkinson County

Fishing

Bio

Little Fishing Creek (4)

Baldwin County

Fishing

Bio

Little River

Glady Creek to Lake Sinclair (Putnam Co.)

Fishing

FC

(1,10)

Little River (2)

Social Circle (Walton Co.)

Fishing

FC

Middle Oconee River

Bear Creek to McNutt Creek (Clarke Co.)

Fishing

FC

(1,2,10)

Murder Creek

So. Fork Wolf Creek to Lake Sinclair (Putnam Co.)

Fishing

FC

(1,4,10)

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

strategy.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 14

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

3

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

2

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

NP,I1

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

X

strategy. Various point source discharges in the area including some

kaolin mining operations may be contributing to the degradation in the

creek.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 10

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 12

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-57

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
North Oconee River (1)
North Oconee River (1,2)
North Walnut Creek (20)
North Walnut Creek (20)
Oconee River (1)
Porter Creek (4)
Rocky Creek (10)
Sandy Creek (4)
Sandy Hill Creek (4)
Sandy Run Creek (4)
Sugar Creek (28)
Town Creek (1,2)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Bordens Creek to Little Curry Creek (Jackson Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

Jackson County to Sandy Creek (Clarke Co.)

Fishing/Drinking Water

FC,Cu

Gainesville (Upstream Hall County Camp)

Fishing

FC,Hg*

Gainesville (Downstream Hall County Camp)

Fishing

FC,Hg*

Turkey Creek to Red Bluff Creek

Fishing

FC

(Laurens/Treutlen/Wheeler Co.)

Wilkinson County

Fishing

Bio

Laurens County

Fishing

Hg*

Jones County

Fishing

Bio

Washington County

Fishing

Bio

Hancock County

Fishing

Bio

Upstream Lake Oconee (Morgan Co.)

Fishing

FC

Hwy. 15 to I-20, Greensboro (Greene Co.)

Fishing

DO,FC,Pb*,Tox

Tributary 5 to Allen Creek (1,20)
Tributary 2 to Allen Creek (1,20)

Gainesville (Hall Co.) Gainesville-Downstream Old Landfill (Hall Co.)

Fishing Fishing

FC FC,Pb

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

strategy.

303(d) X

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

5

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

2

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 31

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 12

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

3

strategy.

M,UR

Greensboro under order to eliminate toxicity by 5/22/98. Greensboro

4

X

X,1

WPCP upgraded to a SBR/LAS 10/99 and passed a chronic WET test

12/99. EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

watershed protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

1

X

X

strategy.

Priority 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2,N/A
3 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-58

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Tributary 9 to Allen Creek (1,9,20)
Tributary to North Walnut Creek (20)
Zoie Brown Creek (4)

LOCATION Gainesville (Hall Co.) Gainesville (Hall Co.) Tributary to Buffalo Creek (Hancock Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing
Fishing
Fishing

Black Creek (1)
Bull Creek (1)
Canoochee Creek (1)
Canoochee River (1)

Ash Branch to Mill Creek near Blitchton (Bulloch/Bryan Co.)
Strickland Pond to Canoochee River near Daisy (Evans Co.)
Taylors Creek to Canoochee River, Ft. Stewart (Liberty Co.)
Ga. Hwy. 192 to Fifteen Mile Creek near Metter (Emanuel/Candler Co.)

Canoochee River (1)

Fifteen Mile Creek to Cedar Cr. (Candler/Evans Co.)

Canoochee River (1,10)

Cedar Creek to Lotts Creek (Evans Co.)

Canoochee River (1)

Lotts Cr. to confluence with Ogeechee River (Liberty/Bryan Co.)

Jackson Branch (1)
Little Ogeechee River (1)

Upstream King Finishing Company from SR17 to Co. Rd. 39, Dover (Screven Co.)
Two Mile Creek to Hamburg Mill Pond near Culverton (Hancock/Washington Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Cu,Pb

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

strategy.

303(d) X

FC,Hg*

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

Bio

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

3

X

X

strategy.

OGEECHEE RIVER BASIN

DO,FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 11

X

X

strategy.

DO

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

6

X

X

protection strategy.

DO

M

City currently in compliance with permit limits. Plant upgrade

4

X

X

completed 6/98.

DO,FC,FCG

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 21

X

X

protection strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury

in fish tissue.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 14

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 56

X

X

strategy. Fish consumption guidance due in part to natural source of

mercury.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

3

strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy.

Priority 2 3 3
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-59

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Lotts Creek (1) Ogeechee Creek (1) Ogeechee River (1) Ogeechee River (1)
Ogeechee River (10)
Ogeechee River (1)
Peacock Creek (1)
Rocky Comfort Creek (1)
Short Creek (1)
Taylors Creek (1)
Buffalo Creek (1)
Hog Creek (1)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

U.S. Hwy. 301 to Little Lotts Creek near Register (Bulloch Co.)

Fishing

Rd. S2178 to Ogeechee River near Oliver (Screven Co.)

Fishing

Powell Creek to Beaverdam Creek near Powelton (Hancock Co.)

Fishing

Hwy 102 to US Hwy 301 (Washington, Jefferson, Jenkins, Emanuel, & Bulloch
Co.)

Fishing

U.S. Hwy. 301 to Black Creek (Bulloch/Bryan Co.)

Fishing

Black Creek to Richmond Hill (Bryan/Effingham/Chatham Co.)
Hwy. 144 to North Newport River near McIntosh (Liberty Co.)
Joes Creek to Ivey Branch near Edgehill (Glascock/Jefferson Co.)
Headwaters to confluence with Long Creek (Warren Co.)
Downstream WPCP Discharge to Drainage Canal, Fort Stewart

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Little Buffalo Cr. to Satilla River (Brantley Co.)
Downstream CR185 to Hurricane Cr. near Nicholls (Coffee Co.)

Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

strategy.

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

8

X

X

DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

7

X

X

strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 98

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 59

X

X

strategy. Fish consumption guidance due in part to natural source of

mercury.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 21

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

DO,FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 17

X

X

protection strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 10

X

X

strategy.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

DO

M

City currently in compliance with permit limits. Plant upgrade

4

X

3

completed 6/98.

SATILLA RIVER BASIN

DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 10

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2
2 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-60

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Little Satilla River (1,10)
Satilla River (1)
Satilla River (1)
Satilla River (1)
Satilla River (1)
Seventeen Mile River (1)

LOCATION
Big Satilla Cr. to Sixty Foot Branch (Pierce/Wayne/Brantley Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Pudding Cr. to Smut Br. near Pearson (Atkinson Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO,FC
DO

U.S. Highway 84/Ga. Hwy. 38 to 6 miles downstream

Fishing

FCG

Hwy 15/121 (Ware/Pierce/Brantley Co.)

Six miles d/s of Ga. Hwy. 15 to Bullhead Bluff

Fishing

FCG

(Pierce/Brantley/Camden Co.)

Rose Cr. to White Oak Cr. (Camden Co.)

Fishing

DO

Twentynine Mile Cr. to Satilla River (Coffee Co.)

Fishing

DO,FC

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 10

X

strategy for the basin.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

X

strategy for the basin.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 23

X

X

protection strategy. Note: FCG is a partial support.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 76

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 19

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

X

strategy.

Beaverdam Creek (1)

Downstream Commerce (Jackson Co.)

Fishing

Brier Creek (1)

Hwy 305 to Savannah River (Burke/Screven Co)

Fishing

Broad River (1)
Brushy Creek (1)
Cedar Creek (1,2)
Crawford Creek (1)

SR 281 to Scull Shoal Creek near Danielsville (Madison Co.)
SR 80 (Rd. S1571) west Wrens to Brier Creek (Jefferson/Burke Co.)
Downstream Hartwell WPCP to Little Cedar Creek (Hart Co.)
Upstream Lake Hartwell near Lavonia (Franklin Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN

DO

M

Commerce in compliance with permit limits. Model predicts dissolved

1

X

3

oxygen violations at low flows. Georgia transmitted TMDL to EPA

2/00.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 45

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 15

X

X

strategy.

Zn

M

Hartwell constructed land application system and eliminated discharge

8

X

X

8/99.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

Priority 2 2 3 3 2 2
1 3 3 3 2 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-61

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Jones Creek (2)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Tributary to Savannah River near Evans (Columbia Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

Little River

Kettle Creek to Rocky Creek (Wilkes Co.)

Fishing

FCG

(1)

Little River (1)

Rocky Creek to Clarks Hill Lake (Wilkes Co.)

Fishing

FC,FCG

Pipemaker Canal

Walthour Creek to Confluence with Savannah River

Fishing

FCG

(1)

(Effingham/Chatham Co.)

Reed Creek

Upstream Lake Hartwell (Hart Co.)

Fishing

FC

(1)

Reed Creek

Bowen Pond to Savannah River (Columbia Co.)

Fishing

FC

(2)

Reedy Creek (1)
Rocky Creek (1,2,9)
Savannah River (1,11,31)
Savannah River (1,11,30)

Warren Co. line to Brier Creek near Wrens (Jefferson Co.)
Washington to Little River (Wilkes Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Lake Hartwell to Lake Russell (Hart/Elbert Co.)

Recreation

Clarks Hill Lake to Stevens Creek Dam (Columbia Co.)

Fishing

FC Bio DO DO,FCG

Savannah River (1,30)

Stevens Creek Dam to US Hwy 78/278 (Columbia/Richmond Co.)

Drinking Water

DO,FCG,FC

Savannah River

US Hwy. 78/278 to Johnsons Landing

Fishing

FCG

(1)

(Richmond/Burke/Screven Co.)

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

protection strategy. Columbia Co. has applied for an areawide

stormwater permit.

303(d) 3

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 23

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

8

X

3,X

protection strategy. Note: Fish Consumption Guidelines due to mercury

in fish tissue.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

X

strategy. Fish consumption guidelines due in part to natural source of

mercury.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

3

protection strategy. Columbia Co. has applied for an areawide

stormwater permit.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 12

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a watershed 12

X

X

protection strategy.

Dam Release Dam Release. EPD will continue to work with the Corps of Engineers

8

X

NA

to assess and implement feasible actions.

Dam Release,NP Dam Release. EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

protection strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury

in fish tissue.

X

NA,X

Dam Release,UR Dam Release. EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff)

9

through a watershed protection strategy. Note: Fish consumption

guidelines due to mercury in fish tissue.

X

NA,X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 78

X

X

strategy. Fish consumption guidelines due in part to natural source of

mercury.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 NA
NA,3 NA,3
3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-62

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Savannah River (1,10)

LOCATION
Brier Creek to Tide Gate (Screven/Effingham/Chatham Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing/Drinking Water/Coastal Fishing

Spirit Creek (1)

McDade Pond to Savannah River (Richmond Co.)

Fishing

Toccoa Creek (1)

Little Toccoa Creek to Lake Hartwell (Stephens Co.)

Fishing

Warwoman Creek (1)
West Fork Chattooga River (1,4)
Whites Creek (1)

Sarah's Creek to Chattooga River (Rabun Co.) Rabun County
Downstream Thomson WPCP (McDuffie Co.)

Fishing Wild/Scenic
Fishing

N. Prong St. Marys River (1)

Headwaters to Cedar Cr. (Charlton Co.)

N. Prong St. Marys River (1)

Cedar Cr. to S. Prong St. Marys River (Charlton Co.)

Spanish Creek (1)
St. Marys River (1,39)

Long Branch to St. Marys River (Charlton Co.)
S. Prong St. Marys River to St. Marys Cut (Charlton/Camden Co.)

St. Marys River (1)

Upstream Cabbage Bend to Catfish Cr. (Camden Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FCG

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 84

X

strategy. Fish consumption guidelines due in part to natural source of

mercury.

303(d) X

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

7

X

X

Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was issued to

Augusta/Richmond County on 4/20/95.

FC

M,UR

City of Toccoa's overflowing manholes is being addressed through State

3

X

X

& Federal enforcement actions. EPD will address nonpoint source

(urban runoff) through a watershed protection strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

Tox

M

Thomson under Order to meet whole effluent toxicity & TRC limits by

2

X

3

5/99. Paying stipulated penalities for not meeting permit requirements.

ST. MARYS RIVER BASIN

FCG,DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 19

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FC,DO

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 55

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 15

X

X

strategy.

SUWANNEE RIVER BASIN

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 2
2 3 2 3 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-63

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Alapaha River (1)

LOCATION
Sand Creek to U.S. Hwy. 129/Ga. Hwy. 11 (Irwin/Tift/Berrien Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO,FCG

Alapaha River

U.S. Hwy. 129/Ga. Hwy. 11 to Stateline

Fishing

FCG

(1)

(Berrien/Atkinson/Lanier/Lowndes/Echols Co.)

Alapahoochee River

Confluence of Mud and Grand Bay Cr. to Stateline

Fishing

FCG

(1)

(Echols Co.)

Bear Creek (1)

City of Adel Lake to Withlacoochee River (Cook Co.)

Fishing

DO,FC

Big Creek (1)
Cow Creek (1)
Deep Creek (1)
Franks Creek (1,2)
Giddens Mills Creek (1,3)
Hardy Mill Creek (1)
Horse Creek (1)
Little Brushy Creek (1)
Little River (10)

SR107 to Alapaha River near Irwinville (Irwin Co.)
Headwaters to Alapaha River (Clinch/Lanier/Echols Co.)
W. Fork Deep Cr. to Lake Cr., E. of Ashburn (Turner Co.)
St. Rt. S1780 to Little River near Hahira (Lowndes Co.)
U/S U.S. Hwy. 41/SR 7 to Bear Cr., Adel (Cook Co.)
U.S. Hwy. 319, S. of Tifton to Withlacoochee River (Tift/Berrien Co.)
Headwaters near Sylvester to Warrior Cr. (Worth Co.)
Stump Cr. to Reedy Cr. S. of Ocilla (Irwin Co.)
Ashburn Branch, W. of Sycamore to Warrior Cr. (Turner/Tift/Colquitt Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

DO DO DO DO,FC DO DO DO DO,FC DO

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 16

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 102

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 11

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

M

WPCP is a LAS with a hydrograph controlled release. Engineers are

4

X

X

working on replacement sprinklers due to high water table in the LAS

area including Bear Creek.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 14

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 17

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 41

X

X

strategy.

Priority 2
3
3
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-64

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source) Morrison Creek (1,3)
Negro Branch (1)
New River (1)
New River (1)
Okapilco Creek (1)
Okapilco Creek (1)
Okapilco Creek (1)
Reedy Creek (1)
Sand Creek (1)
Southside Branch (2)
Suwannee Canal (1)
Suwannee River (1,10)
Town Creek (10

LOCATION Adel

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO

Headwaters to Piscola Cr., Quitman (Brooks Co.)

Fishing

DO

Reedy Cr. to Gum Branch near Lenox (Cook Co.)

Fishing

DO,FC

Brushy Cr. to Withlacoochee River, E. of Sparks

Fishing

DO

(Berrien/Cook Co.)

Upstream SR S1540 to U.S. Hwy. 319, Moultrie

Fishing

DO

(Colquitt Co.)

SR 37 to Hog Cr., S. of Moultrie

Fishing

DO

(Colquitt Co.)

SR 76, Quitman to Withlacoochee River (Brooks Co.)

Fishing

DO

Little Creek (upstream U.S. Hwy. 319/SR 35) to Little Brushy Cr., S. of Ocilla (Irwin Co.)
Headwaters E. of Sycamore to Alapaha River (Turner/Irwin Co.)
Tributary to New River, Tifton (Tift Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

DO DO,FC
FC

Okeefenokee Swamp (Charlton/Ware Co.)

Fishing

FCG

Mainstem-Suwannee Canal to Stateline

Fishing

FCG

(Charlton/Ware/Clinch/Echols Co.)

Headwaters to Warrior Cr. near Sylvester (Worth Co.)

Fishing

DO

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

strategy.

303(d) X

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

7

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

4

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 10

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 10

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 10

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 14

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

1

X

3

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 27

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 40

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
3
2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-65

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Tributary to Withlacoochee River (1)

LOCATION Upstream Morris Pond, Nashville (Berrien Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Ty Ty Creek (1)

Little Cr. near Ty Ty to Tucker Cr. near Omega (Worth/Tift Co.)

Fishing

Warrior Creek (1)

Horse Cr. to Rock Cr. near Norman Park (Worth/Colquitt Co.)

Fishing

Willacoochee River (1)

Turkey Branch, upstream SR90/U.S. Hwy. 319 N. of Ocilla to SR 90, S.E. of Ocilla (Irwin Co.)

Fishing

Willacoochee River (1)

SR 158 to Alapaha River (Berrien Co.)

Fishing

Withlacoochee River (1)

New River to Bay Branch (Cook/Berrien/Lowndes Co.)

Fishing

Withlacoochee River (1)

Bay Branch to Little River (Lowndes Co.)

Fishing

Withlacoochee River (1)

Little River to Stateline (Lowndes/Brooks Co.)

Fishing

Little Tallapoosa River (1)
Tallapoosa River (1,2,10)
Tallapoosa River (1)

Buffalo Creek to Stateline (Carroll Co.) Hwy. 100 to Stateline (Haralson Co.) Water Mill Creek to Beach Creek (Haralson Co.)

Bearmeat Creek (13)

Tributary to Hiawassee River (Towns Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b)

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

strategy.

303(d) X

DO,FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 10

X

X

strategy.

DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 10

X

X

strategy.

DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 13

X

X

strategy.

DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 11

X

X

strategy.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 23

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FC,FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

9

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

FCG

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 33

X

X

strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish

tissue.

TALLAPOOSA RIVER BASIN

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed 14

X

X

protection strategy.

Pb*

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 10

X

X

strategy.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 21

X

X

strategy.

TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN

Bio

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

Priority 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
3 3 3
3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-66

RIVERS/STREAMS PARTIALLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Brasstown Creek (1,13)
Butternut Creek (13)

LOCATION Little Bald Cove to Stateline (Union/Towns Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Blairsville (Union Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC
Bio

Chattanooga Creek (13)
Corn Creek (1)
Dry Creek (13)
Little Tennessee River (1)
Lookout Creek (1)
Lower Youngcane Creek (13)
Mill Creek (1)
Nottely River (13)
Nottely River (1)
Peavine Creek (13)
Rock Creek (13)
Toccoa River (13)
Weaver Creek (13)
West Chickamauga Creek (1,13)
Yewell Branch (1)
*Indicates minimal data set.

High Point to Flintstone (Walker Co.) Tributary to Brasstown Creek, Young Harris
(Towns Co.) Upstream East Chickamauga Creek (Catoosa Co.)
Dillard to Stateline (Rabun Co.) Trenton to Stateline (Dade Co.)
Union County Towns County Downstream Lake Nottely (Union Co.) Right/Left Forks to US Hwy 19 (Union Co.) Upstream South Chickamauga Creek (Catoosa Co.) Tributary to Chattooga Creek (Dade/Walker Co.) Downstream Lake Blue Ridge (Fannin Co.) Fannin County Hwy 2 to Stateline (Catoosa Co.) Darr Cove to Brasstown Creek (Town Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Recreation Recreation Fishing Fishing Recreation Fishing Fishing Fishing

Bio FC Bio Ni* FC Bio FC DO FC Bio Bio DO Bio FC,FCG FC

EVALUATED CAUSE(S)
NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 11 strategy.

305(b) X

NP,M

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

strategy. Blairsville completed upgrade in 1994. Under Order to attain

compliance with permit limits issued 2/99. The facility attained

compliance in 8/99.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

7

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

5

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

3

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 14

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

strategy.

Dam Release EPD will continue to work with TVA to implement feasible actions.

2

X

303(d) 3 X
X 3 X X X X 3 NA

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

6

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

8

X

X

strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection 14

X

X

strategy.

Dam Release EPD will continue to work with TVA to assess and implement feasible

7

X

NA

actions.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

X

strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection

2

X

3

strategy.

Priority 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 NA 3 3 3 NA 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-58

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Anneewakee Creek (1,4,16)
Arrow Creek (15)
Ball Mill Creek (1,15)
Bishop Creek (2,14)
Bubbling Creek (2,15)
Bull Creek (2,10,38)
Burnt Fork Creek (2,15)
Buttermilk Creek (14)
Camp Creek (1)
Chattahoochee River (1,9)
Chattahoochee River (1,9,10,22)
Chattahoochee River (1,11,22)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Douglas County Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Fulton/DeKalb Counties

Fishing

Cobb County

Fishing

DeKalb County

Fishing

Columbus (Muscogee Co.)

Fishing

DeKalb County

Fishing

Cobb County

Fishing

Fulton County

Fishing

Upstream Soquee River (Habersham Co.)
Soquee River to Lake Lanier (Habersham/White Co.)

Recreation Recreation

Downstream Buford Dam (Gwinnett/Forsyth Co.) Recreation/Drinking Water

CRITERION VIOLATED

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S)

CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER BASIN

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

6

watershed protection strategy.

FC,Cu,Pb

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

3

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

3

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

FC,Cu

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

FC,Cu

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

11

Management Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was

issued on 4/20/95.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

6

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

11

protection strategy.

FC

M,NP

Clarkesville under Consent Order to complete plant upgrade by

13

10/99. Upgrade not completed, enforcement action pending.

EPD will address nonpoint sources though a watershed

protection strategy.

DO,FCG

Dam Release,NP Dam Release. EPD will address nonpoint sources though a

3

watershed protection strategy. Note: FCG is a partial support.

305(b)
X X X X X X X X X X X
X

303(d)
X X X X X X X X X 3 X
NA,X

Priority
3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
NA,3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-59

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Chattahoochee River (1,2,9,28)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Peachtree Creek to Utoy Creek (Fulton/Cobb Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Temp,FC,Tox,FCG

Chattahoochee River (1,9)

Utoy Creek to Pea Creek (Fulton/Douglas Co.)

Fishing

Chattahoochee River (1,2)

N. Highland Dam to Upatoi Creek (Muscogee Co.)

Fishing

Chestatee River (1,10,22)
Crooked Creek (1,18)
Deep Creek (1)
Dixie Creek (2,26)
Dram Creek (38)
East Fork Little River (25)
Flat Creek (1,7,20,22,25)
Flat Shoal Creek (1,10)
Foe Killer Creek (17)

Dahlonega (Lumpkin Co.) Gwinnett County Fulton County
LaGrange (Troup Co.) Columbus (Muscogee Co.) Downstream Hwy 52 (Hall Co.)
Gainesville (Hall Co.) West Point (Troup Co.)
Fulton County

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

FC,FCG
FC,FCG
FC FC FC FC Cu FC FC FC FC

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) I1,M,UR,CSO
UR,CSO
UR UR,NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

9

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999. Atlanta CSOs provide

treatment by screening equivalent to primary treatment and

disinfection. Consent Decree requires compliance with water

quality standards by 2/1/07. EPD working with Georgia Power

and Atlanta and Cobb County dischargers to assess and

implement appropriate action with respect to the temperature

issue. Note: FCG is a partial support. Fish consumption guidance

due to mercury and PCBs. PCBs have been banned in the U.S.

and the levels have been declining.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

14

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999. EPD will address

nonpoint source (urban runoff) in Douglas County through a

watershed protection strategy. Utoy Creek CSO eliminated by

separation on 3/27/98. Note: FCG is a partial support. Fish

Consumption Guidance due to PCBs. PCBs have been banned

in the U.S. and levels have been declining.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

12

X

X

Management Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was

issued on 4/20/95. Note: FCG is a partial support. Fish

Consumption Guidance due to PCBs. PCBs have been banned in

the U.S. and levels have been declining.

EPD will address through a watershed protection strategy.

19

X

3

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

3

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

1

X

X

Management Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was

issued on 4/20/95.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

X

3

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

6

X

X

watershed protection strategy for the basin.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

26

X

3

protection strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

7

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Priority 2
3
3
3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-60

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Hannahatchee Creek (1)
House Creek (16)
James Creek (1)
Johns Creek (1)
Lee Branch (1,21)
Level Creek (1)
Limestone Creek (20)
Limestone Creek (20,22)
Long Cane Creek (1,4)
Long Island Creek (1)
Longwood Park Creek (20)
Lullwater Creek (15)
March Creek (1,17)
Mossy Creek (1,10)
Mud Creek (14)
Nancy Creek (1,2,10,15)

LOCATION U.S. Hwy 27 to Lake W.F. George (Stewart Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Douglas County

Fishing

Forsyth County

Fishing

Fulton County

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC
FC
FC
FC

LaGrange (Troup Co.) Gwinnett County

Fishing

FC

Fishing

FC

Upstream Brenau Lake (Hall Co.)
Downstream Brenau Lake (Hall Co.)
Panther, Blue John & Long Cane Creeks (d/s LaGrange to Chattahoochee River), Troup Co.
Fulton County

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

FC FC Cu*,Zn*,Pb*,Bio,DO FC

Gainesville (Hall Co.) DeKalb County

Fishing Fishing

FC FC,Cu,Zn

Fulton County

Fishing

FC

Clermont (White/Hall Co.)

Fishing

FC

Ga. Hwy. 120 to Noses Creek (Cobb Co.)

Fishing

FC

Headwaters to Peachtree Creek, Atlanta (DeKalb/Fulton Co.)

Fishing

FC,Pb

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) NP
NP
NP,UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

14

X

3

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

2

X

3

protection strategy.

EPD will address through a watershed protection strategy.

2

X

3

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

1

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

1

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

1

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

14

X

X

watershed protection strategy for the basin.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

1

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

X

3

protection strategy.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

16

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-61

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Nickajack Creek (1,2,10,14)
North Fork Peachtree Creek (2,15,18)

LOCATION Cobb County
Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

Fishing

FC,Pb

Olley Creek (2,14)

Cobb County

Fishing

FC

Park Branch (1,21)

LaGrange (Troup Co.)

Fishing

FC

Peachtree Creek

I-85 to Chattahoochee River, Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

Fishing

FC

(1,10)

Peavine Creek (15)

DeKalb County

Richland Creek (1)

Gwinnett County

Rottenwood Creek (1,10,14)

Headwaters to Chattahoochee River (Cobb Co.)

Sandy Creek (also known as Cooper Sandy Creek) (1)
Sewell Mill Creek (1,10,14)

I-285 to Chattahoochee River (Fulton Co.) Cobb County

Six Mile Creek (3,7,22,25)
Slaughterhouse Creek (20)
Sope Creek (1,2,10,14)

Forsyth County Gainesville (Hall Co.) Headwaters to Chattahoochee River (Cobb Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

FC,Cu,Pb,Zn FC FC
FC,DO FC FC FC FC

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) UR UR,CSO
UR UR UR,CSO
UR UR UR UR UR NP UR UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

11

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD stormwater

14

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999. Atlanta Clear Creek

CSO treatment facility was completed on 9/4/97. Tanyard

Creek CSO treatment facility completed in 10/94. Consent

Decree requires compliance with water quality standards by

2/1/07.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

11

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

2

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

7

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999. Installation of

treatment facilities at Atlanta Clear Creek CSO completed in

9/14/97. Tanyard Creek CSO treatment facility completed in

10/94. Consent Decree requires compliance with water quality

standards by 2/1/07.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

3

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

9

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint sources throught a watershed

2

X

3

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

1

X

3

water protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

11

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Priority 3 2
3 3 3
2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-62

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
South Fork Balus Creek (20)
South Fork Limestone Creek (20)
South Fork Mud Creek (1)

LOCATION Gainesville (Hall Co.) Gainesville (Hall Co.) Cornelia (Habersham Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing
Fishing
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC
FC
Tox,Cu,Zn

South Fork Peachtree Creek (2,10,15)

Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

South Utoy Creek (8)

Headwaters to Fairburn Rd., Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

Suwanee Creek (1)
Troup Branch (21)
Utoy Creek (1,8,10)

Gwinnett County LaGrange (Troup Co.) Atlanta (Fulton Co.)

Wahoo Creek (22,25)
Wahoo Creek (1,4)
Weracoba Creek (2,38)
West Fork Little River (10,22,25)
White Oak Creek (1)
Willeo Creek (1,10,14,17)
Wolf Creek (1,4)

Hall County Downstream Arnco Mills Lake (Coweta Co.)
Columbus (Muscogee Co.) Hall County Fulton County
Cobb/Fulton Counties Douglas/Carroll Counties

Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

FC,Pb Tox,FC
FC FC FC
FC Bio,FC
FC FC FC FC FC

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) UR UR M
UR UR,I2
UR UR UR,CSO
NP NP UR NP UR UR NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

2

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

2

watershed protection strategy.

Cornelia under Order to reduce ammonia toxicity. Under a

2

schedule to meet total residual chlorine limits by 6/2/99 and

whole effluent toxicity limits by 6/2/2000. Cornelia WPCP in

compliance with TRC limits in permit. Permit does not contain

limits for Cu.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

15

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999. US Plywood site

identified.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

1

watershed protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999. Atlanta eliminated

Utoy Creek CSO by separation on 3/27/98.

EPD will address nonpoint source through a watershed

5

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

6

Management Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was

issued on 4/20/95.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

11

protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

10

protection strategy.

X

3

X

3

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3

X

X

X

3

X

X,3

X

X

X

3

X

X

X

X

X

3

Priority 3 3 2
2 2
3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-63

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Yahoola Creek (1,36)
Acworth Creek (14,35)
Armuchee Creek (28)
Beech Creek
Big Cedar Creek (1,6)
Big Dry Creek
Burwell Creek
Butler Creek (14,35)
Chattooga River (1,2,10)
Conasauga River (1)

LOCATION Dahlonega (Lumpkin Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Tributary to Lake Acworth (Cobb Co.) Oostanaula River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Downstream Hicks Lake, near Rome (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

Cedartown to Coosa River (Polk/Floyd Co.)

Fishing

Rome (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

Rome Cobb County Trion to Lyerly (Chattooga Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

Holly Creek to Oostanaula River (Murray/Gordon Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC,Hg

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S)
UR,NP

COOSA RIVER BASIN

FC

UR

CFB

I2

CFB

I2

FC,CFB

UR,I2

FC,CFB

M,I2

CFB FC FC,Cu,Pb FC

I2 UR M M,UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address through a watershed protection strategy.

7

X

X

Mercury may be from past mining operations. Pilot watershed

assessment initiated & ongoing by Governor's Environmental

Advisory Council.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

1

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

20

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

10

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

35

X

X

watershed protection strategy. DNR commercial fishing ban

due to PCBs which originated from General Electric facility in

Rome. Cleanup operations completed in the 1980s. PCB

concentrations in fish tissue slowly declining.

The City of Rome has constructed a new reliable & f lood

3

X

X

resistant lift station at U.S. 27 & Big Dry Creek. It was

operational 1/99. Sewer lines in the area of Big Creek were also

rehabilitated in accordance with an enforcement order. DNR

commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated from

General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

3

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

6

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Trion completed Individual Control Strategy to comply with

10

X

X

State limits in September 1995. Toxicity is being addressed

through the permit which requires compliance by 5/2000.

Passed WET tests in 1999. Permit does not contain limits for Cu

& Pb. In compliance with permit limits for FC.

Dalton under Consent Order to correct land application system

24

X

X

operational problems. Comprehensive enforcement action

underway. EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff)

thorugh a watershed protection strategy.

Priority 2
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-64

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Connesenna Creek
Coosa River (1,10,28)

LOCATION Etowah River Tributary (Bartow Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
CFB

Rome to Hwy 100 (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

FC,CFB,FCG

Coosa River (1)
Coosawattee River (1)
Dozier Creek (1)
Ellijay River (1)
Etowah River (1,10,24)
Etowah River (1)
Etowah River (1)

Hwy 100 to Stateline (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

Confluence with Ellijay River to Mountaintown Creek (Gilmer Co.)
Oostanaula River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Upstream Coosawattee River (Gilmer Co.) Lake Allatoona to Richland Creek (Bartow Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Euharlee Creek to US Hwy 411 (Bartow Co.) Hwy. 411 to Coosa River (Bartow/Floyd Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Flat Creek (1)
Hamilton Creek

Upstream Coosawattee River (Gilmer Co.) Coosa River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Heath Creek (29)
Heath Creek (29)

Upstream Rocky Mtn. Project (Floyd Co.) Downstream Rocky Mountain Project (Floyd Co.)

Fishing Fishing

DO,FC,CFB,FCG FC CFB FC
DO,FC,FCG FC
CFB,FC,FCG
FC CFB Hg,Pb Hg

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) I2
UR,I2
I2
UR I2
UR Dam Release,NP
UR I2,NP
NP I2
NP NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

6

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

16

watershed protection strategy. DNR commercial fishing ban

due to PCBs which originated from General Electric facility in

Rome. Cleanup operations completed in the 1980s. PCB

concentrations in fish tissue slowly declining. Note: FCG is a

partial support.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

15

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining. Note: FCG is a partial support.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

9

watershed protection strategy.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

3

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

2

watershed protection strategy.

Dam Release. EPD will address nonpoint sources through a

12

watershed protection strategy. Note: FCG is a partial support.

Fish Consumption Guidance for PCBs and mercury. PCBs have

been banned in the U.S. and levels have been declining.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

10

watershed protection strategy.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

21

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining. Note: FCG is a partial support. EPD will address

nonpoint sources through a watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

protection strategy.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

5

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

protection strategy.

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

NA,X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Priority 3 3
2 3 3 3 NA,3 3 3
3 3 2 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-65

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Horseleg Creek

LOCATION Rome (Floyd Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
CFB

Johns Creek

Oostanaula River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Kellogg Creek

Lake Allatoona Tributary (Cherokee Co.)

Fishing

FC

(24)

Kings Creek

Coosa River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Little Dry Creek

Rome (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Little Noonday Creek (14)

Cobb County

Fishing

FC

Little River

Hwy 140 to Lake Allatoona (Cherokee Co.)

Fishing

FC

(24)

Mt. Hope Creek

Coosa River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Muck Creek

Oostanaula River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Noonday Creek

Old U.S. Hwy. 41 to Posey Branch (Cobb/Cherokee

Fishing

FC

(1,2,14,24)

Co.)

Oostanaula River (1,2)
Owl Creek (24)
Pine Log Creek (1)

Hwy 156 to Coosa River (Gordon/Floyd Co.) Fishing/Drinking Water

CFB,FC,FCG

Lake Allatoona Tributary (Cherokee Co.)

Fishing

FC

Cedar Creek to Salacoa Creek (Gordon Co.)

Fishing

FC

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) I2
I2
UR I2
I2
UR UR I2
I2
UR
I2
UR NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

4

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

6

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

3

X

3

protection strategy.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

4

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

6

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

3

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

10

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

4

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

5

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

12

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued for Cobb County in 1999. EPD

will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) in Cherokee County,

through a watershed protection strategy.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

32

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining. Note: FCG is a partial support.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

2

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-66

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Proctor Creek (14,24)
Robbins Creek

LOCATION Cobb County

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC

Oostanaula River Tributary (Gordon Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Rowland Springs Branch

Lake Allatoona Tributary (Bartow Co.)

Fishing

FC

(24)

Rubes Creek (14)

Cobb/Cherokee Counties

Fishing

FC

Shoal Creek

Hwy 140 to Lake Allatoona (Cherokee Co.)

Fishing

FC

(24)

Silver Creek

Rome (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Smith Creek

Coosa River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Spring Creek (1)

Chattooga County

Fishing

FC

Spring Creek

Etowah River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Stamp Creek

Lake Allatoona Tributary (Bartow Co.)

Fishing

FC

(24)

Tanyard Creek

White Lake to Lake Allatoona (Cobb Co.)

Fishing

FC

(14,24)

Tom's Creek

Etowah River Tributary (Bartow Co.)

Fishing

CFB

Tributary to Allatoona Creek (14)

Cobb County

Fishing

FC,Cd*,Cu*

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) UR I2
NP UR
NP I2
I2
NP I2
NP UR I2
UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

2

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

2

X

3

protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

7

X

X

Management Strategy for Cobb County. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued for Cobb County in 1999. EPD

will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) in Cherokee County

through a watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

17

X

3

protection strategy.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

9

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

5

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

X

X

protection strategy.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

2

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

X

3

protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

1

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Priority 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-67

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Tributary to Pettit Creek (2)
Two Run Creek
Webb Creek
Woodward Creek
Beaver Creek (1)
Big Slough (1)
Brantley Creek (1)
Camp Creek (1)
Camp Creek (1,24)
Fish Pond Drain (1)
Flint River (1)
Flint River (1,2)
Flint River (1)

LOCATION Cartersville (Bartow Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Clear Creek to Etowah River (Bartow Co.)

Fishing

Coosa River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

Oostanaula River Tributary (Floyd Co.)

Fishing

Upstream Spring Hill Creek, SW Marshallville (Macon Co.)
Near Pelham (Baker Co.) Dawson (Terrell Co.)
Clayton County
Oglethorpe (Macon Co.) Donalsonville (Seminole Co.) Upstream Hartsfield Airport (Clayton Co.)
Hartsfield Airport to Hwy 138 (Clayton Co.)
Hwy 138 to N. Hampton Road (Clayton Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC
CFB

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) UR
I2

CFB

I2

CFB

I2

FLINT RIVER BASIN

FC

NP

DO,FC

UR

Tox

M

FC,DO

UR

Cu,Zn,FC

NP

FC

UR

FC,Cu*,Pb*

UR

FC,Pb*,DO

UR

FC,DO

UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

1

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

10

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

4

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

DNR commercial fishing ban due to PCBs which originated

8

X

X

from General Electric facility in Rome. Cleanup operations

completed in the 1980s. PCB concentrations in fish tissue slowly

declining.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

X

3

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

4

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

Whole effluent toxicity monitoring requirement placed in

2

X

X

Dawson's permit in 1995. Dawson under enforcement action to

meet toxicity requirements of permit.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

9

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

7

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

1

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

8

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

8

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Priority 3 3
3
3
3 2 1 2 2 3 3 2 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-68

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Flint River (1)
Flint River (1,24)
Flint River (1,28)
Gulley Creek (24)
Kinchafoone Creek (1,10)
Lazar Creek (1)
Lime Creek (1,10,24)
Mud Creek (1)
Sweetwater Creek (24)
Tributary to Flint River (1)
Turkey Creek (1)
Turkey Creek (1,10,24)
White Oak Creek (1)
White Oak Creek (1)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Road S1058 to Flat Shoals (Clayton/Spalding/Pike Drinking Water/Fishing Co.)

Spring Creek to Hwy 27 Lake Worth Dam to Racoon Creek
(Dougherty/Mitchell Co.)
Upstream Lake Blackshear (Crisp Co.) Dawson (Terrell Co.) Talbotton (Talbot Co.)
Lake Blackshear (Sumter Co.) Downstream Hapeville (Fulton/Clayton Co.)

Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Downstream Andersonville (Sumter Co.) College Park (Clayton Co.)
Newnan to Reese Lake (Coweta Co.) Downstream Pennahatchee Creek, NW Cordele
(Dooly Co.) Alvaton (Meriwether Co.) Newnan - I-85 to Chandlers Creek (Coweta Co.)

Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC,FCG
FC,Pb*,Cu* FC
DO,Pb,Zn FC FC
Zn,FC FC,Cu,Pb,Zn
pH,Pb,Zn FC,Pb* FC,Pb*
FC FC FC

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) UR
UR CSO,UR
NP UR NP NP UR,I1
NP UR UR NP NP NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

32

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued for Clayton County in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) in Spalding and

Pike Counties through a watershed protection strategy. Note:

FCG is a partial support.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

20

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

Albany CSO treatment plant expansion completed 8/97.

23

X

X

Construction of pump completed 7/15/98. EPD will address

nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed protection

strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

29

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

X

3

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

X

X

protection strategy for the basin.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999. Ford plant discharge

under compliance schedule to eliminate discharge by 7/18/2000.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

X

X

protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

1

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

4

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

X

3

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source through a watershed

9

X

3

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

X

3

protection strategy.

OCHLOCKONEE RIVER BASIN

Priority 3
3 3
2 3 3 2 2
2 3 3 3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-69

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Aucilla River (1)
Big Creek (1)
Big Creek (1)
Bridge Creek (1)
Bridge Creek (1)
Little Attapulgus Creek (1)
Little Creek (1)
Little Ochlockonee River (1)
Little Ochlockonee River (1)
Lost Creek (1)
Ochlockonee River (1)
Ochlockonee River (1)
Ochlockonee River (1,10)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Masse Branch to Brooks County line near Boston (Thomas Co.)

Fishing

Headwaters to Little Cr. near Meigs (Mitchell/Thomas Co.)

Fishing

Woodhaven Rd. E. of Coolidge to Ochlockonee River (Thomas Co.)

Fishing

Mill Cr. to upstream Ga. Hwy. 111 near Moultrie (Colquitt Co.)

Fishing

Upstream Ga. Hwy. 111 near Moultrie to Ochlockonee River (Colquitt/Thomas Co.)

Fishing

Downstream Crescent Lake to Attapulgus Creek (Decatur Co.)

Fishing

Ga. Hwy. 37 to Ochlockonee River near Moultrie (Colquitt Co.)

Fishing

Slocumb Branch to downstream SR 111 near Moultrie (Colquitt Co.)

Fishing

Big Cr. to Ochlockonee River near Ochlocknee (Thomas Co.)

Fishing

Upstream Ga. Hwy. 93 N.E. of Cotton to Little Ochlockonee River (Mitchell/Colquitt Co.)

Fishing

Headwaters, upstream Ga. Hwy. 112 near Sylvester to Bay Branch, E. of Bridgeboro (Worth
Co.)

Fishing

D/S Ga. Hwy. 270 to Wolf Pit Branch (d/s Giles Millpond) (Colquitt Co.)

Fishing

SR 37 downstream Moultrie to upstream CR222 (Colquitt Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO,FC DO,FC DO,FC DO,FC
DO FC DO DO,FC DO,FC DO,FC DO,FC
DO FC,DO,FCG

Ochlockonee River (1)
Oquina Creek (1)
Parkers Mill Creek (1,2)

Bridge Cr. to Big Cr. W. of Coolidge (Thomas Co.)
Bruces Branch to Cassidy Rd., Thomasville (Thomas Co.)
Headwaters to Tired Cr., Cairo (Grady Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

DO,FCG FC FC

Swamp Creek (1)

SR 262 to Stateline (Decatur Co.)

Fishing

DO,FC

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

10

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

12

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

12

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

10

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

8

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy.

UR,M

EPD will address through a watershed protection strategy.

11

X

X

Moultrie facility in compliance with DO limits (1999). Model

predicts dissolved oxygen violations at low flows. Model

calibration study ongoing. Note: FCG is a partial support.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy. Note: FCG is a partial support.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

2

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

M

Cairo completed Individual Control Strategy for metals in 1994.

5

X

X

The City was given permission to begin operating its land

application system on 3/11/98. The system has not operated as

designed. Other treatment options are being considered.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 3 3
2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-70

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Wards Creek (1)
Bay Creek (1,4)
Cabin Creek (1,4)
Cobbs Creek (15)
Conley Creek (15)
Doolittle Creek (15)
Gum Swamp Creek (1)
Hopkins Creek (2)
Intrenchment Creek (15)
Jacks Creek (2)
Pew Creek (18)
Shoal Creek (2,15)
Snapfinger Creek (2,15)

LOCATION
Pine Cr. to McKeever Slough E. of Metcalf (Thomas Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Downstream Fort Valley (Peach Co.) Griffin (Spalding Co.) DeKalb County
Clayton/DeKalb Counties DeKalb County
Hwy 257 to Hwy 46 (Dodge Co.) Gwinnett County
Atlanta (Fulton/DeKalb Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Gwinnett County Gwinnett County DeKalb County DeKalb County

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S)
NP

OCMULGEE RIVER BASIN

DO,Cu*,Bio

UR

Cu,Bio,Tox

I1

FC,Pb

UR

FC,Cu

UR

FC,Cu

UR

DO

NP

FC

UR

FC,Zn

UR,CSO

FC

UR

FC

UR

FC

UR

FC,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cd

UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

7

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

Spring Industries (formerly Dundee Mills) under Order to attain

3

X

X

compliance with permit limits by 12/1/01.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

7

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

9

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

16

X

X

protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

5

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999. Atlanta CSO

discharging in this segment is Custer Ave. CSO. Consent Decree

requires compliance with water quality standards by 2/1/07.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

4

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

7

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

18

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Priority 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2
3 3 3 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-71

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
South River (1,10,15,34)
South River (1,2,15)
South River (1,23)
Sugar Creek (15)
Sweetwater Creek (2,18)
Town Branch (1,4)
Tussahaw Creek (1,4)
Yellow River (1,10,15,18)
Yellow River (1,2,15,23)
Yellow River (1)
Anne Court Branch (2)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Atlanta to Flakes Mill Road (Fulton/DeKalb Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Zn,Pb,Cu,FC,FCG

Flakes Mill Road to Pole Bridge Creek (DeKalb Co.)

Fishing

FC,Pb,Zn,FCG

Hwy 20 toSnapping Shoals Creek (Newton Co.)

Fishing

DeKalb County Gwinnett County Downstream Jackson South WPCP (Butts Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

FC,FCG FC,Cu,Pb,Zn
FC Bio,Cu,DO

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) UR,CSO
UR,CSO
NP UR UR UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

16

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permiit was reissued in 1999. Atlanta CSOs

(McDaniel St. & Custer Ave.) discharge to headwaters of

tributaries to the South River. Consent Decree requires

compliance with water quality standards by 2/1/07. Note: FCG

is a partial support and is due to PCBs. PCBs have been banned

in the U.S. and levels have been declining.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

9

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999. Although no Atlanta

CSOs discharge directly to this segment, the McDaniel St. &

Custer Ave. CSOs discharge to headwaters of tributaries to the

South River and may be having a negative impact. Consent

Decree requires compliance with water quality standards by

2/1/07. Note: FCG is a partial support and is due to PCBs. PCBs

have been banned in the U.S. and levels have been declining.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through an watershed

11

X

X

protection strategy. Note: FCG is a partial support and is due to

PCBs. PCBs have been banned in the U.S. and levels have been

declining.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

8

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

8

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint source(urban runoff) through a

2

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

Butts County Sweetwater Creek to Hwy 124 (Gwinnett Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Hwy 124 to Big Haynes Creek (DeKalb/Rockdale Fishing/Drinking Water Co.)

Big Haynes Creek to Jackson Lake (Newton Co.) Fishing/Drinking Water

Athens (Clarke Co.)

Fishing

FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

X

X

protection strategy.

FC

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

16

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued in 1999.

FC,Cu,Pb

UR

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

16

X

X

Management Strategy for metropolitan Atlanta. An areawide

stormwater permit was reissued for DeKalb County in 1999.

EPD will address nonpoint sources in Rockdale County through

a watershed protection strategy.

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint sources (urban runoff) through a

25

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

OCONEE RIVER BASIN

FC

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

1

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

Priority 2
2
3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-72

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Bluff Creek (1)
Brooklyn Creek (1,2)
Carr Creek (1)
Carver Branch (2)
Cedar Creek (2)
Cloverhurst Branch (2)
Fishing Creek (28)
Kingswood Branch (2)
Little River (1)
Little Sugar Creek (28)
Marburg Creek (1)

LOCATION Headwaters to Oconee River
Athens (Clarke Co.) Athens (Clarke Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing
Fishing
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC,DO
FC
Cu,Zn,pH,Tox

Tributary to Trail Creek, Athens (Clarke Co.) Athens (Clarke Co.) Athens (Clarke Co.)
McWhorter Creek to Lake Oconee Tributary to McNutt Creek, Athens (Clarke Co.)
Shoal Creek to Gap Creek Upstream Lake Oconee
Hwy. 11 to Apalachee River

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

FC FC FC FC FC FC FC,Pb FC, Tox

Middle Oconee River (1)
Mitchell Bridge Branch (2)
Mulberry River (1)
N. Oconee River (1)
N. Oconee River (1,2)
N. Oconee River (1)

Mulberry River to Bear Creek (Jackson/Clarke Co.)
Tributary to Middle Oconee River, Athens (Clarke Co.)
Little Mulberry River to Middle Oconee River (Barrow Co.)
Candler Creek to Bordens Creek (Jackson Co.)
Sandy Creek to Alt. 15 (129/441 bypass) (Clarke Co.)
Alt. 15 (129/441 bypass) to Oconee River (Clarke Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

FC FC FC FC FC,Cu FC,DO

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) NP UR I1,UR
UR UR UR NP UR NP NP UR, M
NP UR NP NP NP UR,M

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

10

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

2

watershed protection strategy .

Consent Order issued to Vigoro, Inc. Remediation plan

3

completed 6/94. EPD will address nonpoint source (urban

runoff) through a watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

1

watershed protection strategy .

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

4

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

2

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

1

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

12

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

6

watershed protection strategy. Winder Marburg Cr. WPCP is

upgrading to a point source discharge that will produce reuse

quality water.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

10

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

1

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

14

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

8

watershed protection strategy. Athens No. WPCP in

compliance with permit limits. Model predicts dissolved oxygen

violations at low flows.

X

X

X

3

X

2,X

X

3

X

X

X

3

X

3

X

3

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Priority 2 3 1,2
3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2
3 3 3 3 2 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-73

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
N. Bypass Branch (2)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Tributary to Middle Oconee River, Athens (Clarke Co.)

Fishing

Oconee River (1,28)

Athens to Lake Oconee (Clarke/Oconee/Greene Co.)

Fishing

Oconee River (1)

US Hwy 319/80 to Turkey Creek (Laurens Co.)

Fishing

Richland Creek (1)

Upstream Greensboro to Interstate 20 (Greene Co.)

Fishing

Richland Creek (1)

Interstate 20 to Beaverdam Creek (Greene Co.)

Fishing

Rooty Creek (1,4)

Putnam County

Fishing

Town Creek (28)

Penfield to Lake Oconee (Greene Co.)

Fishing

Trail Creek (2)

Athens (Clarke Co.)

Fishing

Tributary 7 to Allen Creek (1,20)

Gainesville-West Side of New Landfill (Hall Co.)

Fishing

Tributary 8 to Allen Creek (1,20)

Gainesville-East Side of New Landfill (Hall Co.)

Fishing

Tributary 4 to Allen Creek (1,20)

Gainesville (Hall Co.)

Fishing

Tributary 1 to Allen Creek (1,20)

Gainesville (Hall Co.)

Fishing

Tributary to Little River (9)

Putnam County

Fishing

Unnamed Tributary to Middle Oconee River

Downstream closed UGA Botanical Gardens Landfill (Milledge Ave. Site), Athens (Clarke Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC FC,FCG FC,DO DO,FC
FC FC,Bio
FC FC FC FC Pb Pb DO,Tox Benzene, Chloroform

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) UR UR UR NP,UR UR NP,UR NP UR NP NP NP NP NP I2

Walnut Creek (1)
West Fork Trail Creek (2)

Caney Fork to Middle Oconee River (Hall/Jackson Co.)
Athens (Clarke Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Buckhead Creek (1)

Downstream Spring Mill Branch to Ogeechee River, Millen (Jenkins Co.)

Fishing

FC

NP

FC

UR

OGEECHEE RIVER BASIN

FC

UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

2

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

20

watershed protection strategy. Note: FCG is a partial support.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

10

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address through a watershed protection strategy.

9

X

3

X

X

X

X

X

X,3

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

8

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address through a watershed protection strategy.

9

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

X

3

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

2

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

Closed landfill (used by UGA in the 1970's) for chemical waste

1

X

2

disposal is under hazardous waste site remediation and

monitoring.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

11

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

3

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed protection strategy.

4

X

X

Priority 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1
3 3
3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-74

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Casey Canal (1)
Casey Canal (1)

LOCATION
Head of Canal to DeRenne Ave., Savannah (Chatham Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

DeRenne Ave. to Montgomery Crossroad, Savannah (Chatham Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO,FC
DO,FC,FCG

Cedar Creek (1)

Water Hole Creek to Canoochee River, Claxton (Evans Co.)

Fifteenmile Creek (1)

Stocking Head Branch to Canoochee River near Metter (Candler Co.)

Hayners Creek (known upstream as Casey Canal) (1)

Casey Canal (Montgomery Crossroad) to Vernon River (Chatham Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

Horse Creek (1)
Jackson Branch (1)
Little Ogeechee River (1)
Nevills Creek (1)
N.Fork Ogeechee River (1)
Sculls Creek (1)
S. Newport River (1)
Tenmile Creek (1)
Williamson Swamp Creek (1)
Williamson Swamp Creek (1)

Little Horse Creek to Ogeechee River near Rocky Ford (Screven Co.)
Downstream King Finishing Company from SR17 to Ogeechee River, Dover (Screven Co.)
Little Ogeechee Pond to below US Hwy. 17 near Burroughs (Chatham Co.)
Bay Gull Creek to Ogeechee River near Rocky Ford (Bulloch Co.)
Hwy. 77 to Ogeechee River near Crawfordville (Greene/Taliaferro Co.)
Richardson Creek to Ogeechee River near Scarboro (Jenkins Co.)
Upstream US Hwy. 17, South Newport (Liberty/McIntosh Co.)
Upstream Canoochee River, Excelsior (Candler Co.)
Hwy. 24 to Limestone Creek, Davisboro (Washington/Jefferson Co.)
Mill Creek to Ogeechee River, Wadley (Jefferson Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

DO,FC DO,FC DO,FC,FCG
DO,FC FC FC DO FC
DO,FC FC,Se DO,FC
FC FC

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) UR UR
UR NP UR
NP NP UR NP NP NP NP UR NP NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was issued to the City of Savannah on 4/20/95.

3

X

X

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

3

X

X

Management Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was

issued to the City of Savannah on 4/20/95. Note: FCG is a

partial support and is due to levels of Dieldrin in the fish tissue

of striped mullet. Dieldrin is a pesticide that has been

restricted from use in the U.S.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed protection strategy.

6

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection strategy.

6

X

X

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

X

X

Management Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was

issued to Chatham County on 4/20/95. Note: FCG is a partial

support and is due to levels of Dieldrin in the fish tissue of striped

mullet. Dieldrin is a pesticide that has been restricted from use

in the U.S..

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection strategy.

5

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was issued to Chatham County on 4/20/95.

6

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection strategy.

3

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection strategy.

13

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection strategy.

4

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed protection strategy.

3

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection strategy.

12

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed protection strategy.

9

X

X

Priority 2 2
2 2 2
2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-75

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Big Creek (1)
Big Satilla Creek (1)
Boggy Creek (1)
Broxton Creek (1)
City Drainage Canal (2)
Colemans Creek (1)
Hog Creek (1)
Hurricane Creek (1)
Little Hurricane Creek (1)
Little Satilla Creek (1)
Little Satilla Creek (1)
Pudding Creek (1)
Red Bluff Creek (1)
Reedy Creek (1)
Roses Creek (1)
Satilla Creek (1)
Satilla River (1)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

S. Prong Big Cr. to Satilla River (Brantley Co.)
Headwaters near Hazlehurst to Sweetwater Cr. near Baxley (Jeff Davis/Appling Co.)
Dry Creek to Little Satilla Cr. N. of Screven (Wayne Co.)
Seven Cr. to Seventeen Mile River near Broxton (Coffee Co.)
Trib. to Satilla River, Waycross (Ware Co.)
Dry Branch S. of Surrency to Big Satilla Cr. near Screven (Appling/Wayne Co.)
Hurricane Cr. to Satilla River S. of Nicholls near Bickley (Coffee/Ware Co.)
Downstream Little Cr. to Ten Mile Cr. near Alma (Bacon Co.)
Ga. Hwy. 32 to Hurricane Cr. (Bacon/Ware/Pierce Co.)
Keene Bay Branch to Dry Branch near Odum (Wayne Co.)
Boggy Cr. to Little Satilla River near Screven (Wayne Co.)
Park Bay to Satilla River N. of Pearson (Atkinson Co.)
Little Red Bluff Cr. to Satilla River E. of Pearson (Atkinson Co.)
Headwaters to Big Satilla Cr. near Screven (Appling/Wayne Co.)
Upstream Ga. Hwy. 206 to Seventeen Mile River near Broxton (Coffee Co.)
Hunters Cr. E. of Ocilla to Satilla River (Irwin/Coffee Co.)
Satilla Cr. to Reedy Cr. near Douglas (Coffee Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S)

SATILLA RIVER BASIN

DO

NP

DO,FC

UR

DO,FC

NP

DO,FC

NP

FC

UR

DO,FC

UR

DO,FC

NP

DO,FC

NP

DO,FC

NP

DO,FC

UR

DO

NP

DO

NP

DO

NP

DO,FC

UR

DO,FC

NP

DO,FC

NP

DO

NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

34

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

3

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

17

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

15

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

20

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

22

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

10

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

3

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

13

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

12

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority
2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-76

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Seventeen Mile River (1)
Sweetwater Creek (1)
Bear Creek (1)
Beaverdam Creek (1)
Brier Creek (1)
Buck Creek (1)
Butler Creek (1)
Cedar Creek (1)
Clark Creek (1)
Cold Water Creek (1)
Eastanollee Creek (1,2,3)
Ebenezer Creek (1,4)
Falling Creek (1)
Fortson's Creek (2)

LOCATION
Twenty Mile Cr. N. of Douglas to Otter Cr. downstream Gen. Coffee St. Park (Coffee Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Black Water Cr. to Big Satilla Cr. near Baxley (Appling Co.)

Fishing

Downstream Lavonia WPCP (Franklin Co.)

Fishing

Confluence of North & South Beaverdam Creeks to Savannah River near Elberton (Elbert Co.)
Big Brier Creek to Sweetwater Creek near Thomson (McDuffie Co.)
Downstream Sylvania WPCP to Savannah River (Screven Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

Phinizy Ditch to Savannah River, Augusta (Richmond Co.)

Fishing

Little Cedar Creek to Savannah River near Montevideo (Hart Co.)
Greensboro Branch to Long Creek near Tignall (Wilkes Co.)
SR 77 to Little ColdWater Creek near Ruckersville(Elbert Co.)
Toccoa to Lake Hartwell (Stephens Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Long Bridge to Savannah River near Springfield (Effingham Co.)
Dry Fork Creek to Broad River near Fortsonia (Elbert Co.)
Elberton to Beaverdam Creek (Elbert Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO,FC

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S)
UR

DO,FC

UR

SAVANNAH RIVER BASIN

DO

M

FC

NP

FC

NP

DO,Cu

M

DO,FC,Se

M,UR

FC FC FC Zn,FC,Cu,Tox

NP NP NP M,UR,I1

DO

NP

FC

NP

FC

UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

7

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

12

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

Lavonia in compliance with permit. Under schedule to meet

2

total residual chlorine limit by 6/2/99 and BOD & ammonia

6/2/2000. Georgia transmitted TMDL to EPA 02/00.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

22

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

3

protection strategy.

Sylvania completed Individual Control Strategy in 1994 and is in

12

compliance with permit. Sylvania WPCP passed WET test

5/95. NPDES permit has limits for CN & Zn. In compliance

with permit limits.

Augusta under A.O. to improve WPCP O&M. Phase II of the

3

wetlands system is to be completed by 10/1/2000. Urban runoff

is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater Management

Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was issued to

Augusta/Richmond County on 4/20/95.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

protection strategy.

City of Toccoa's overflowing manholes is being addressed

14

through State & Federal enforcement actions. The permit for

Toccoa Eastanollee Cr. WPCP contains a limit for Cu and

requires Zn monitoring for future evaluation. EPD will address

nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a watershed protection

strategy. Coats American under order. Toxicity to be

addressed through construction of a wetlands system scheduled

for completion 9/1/99. Wetlands system completed but not

operating at design yet. Failed WET test 12/99.

Multiagency study ongoing to address issues and implement

6

solutions.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

4

watershed protection strategy.

X

3

X

X

X

X

X

2

X

3,X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,X

X

3

X

X

X

3

Priority 2 2
1 3 3 1
2
3 3 3 2
2 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-77

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Hudson River (1)

LOCATION

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION

Mountain Creek to Webb Creek near Homer (Banks Co.)

Fishing

Hudson River (1)
Little River (1)

Black Creek to Nails Creek near Fort Lamar (Franklin/Madison Co.)
Confluence of N. & S. Forks to Kettle Creek near Washington (Taliaferro/Wilkes Co.)

Fishing Fishing

Middle Creek (1)
Middle Fork Broad River (1)
No. Fork Broad River (1)
Reed Creek (1)

Childers Creek to Big Creek (trib. to Clark Hill Lake), near Wrightsboro (McDuffie Co.)
Nancy Town Creek to Hunters Creek (Banks/Franklin Co.)
Unawatti Creek to Broad River near Carnesville (Franklin Co.)
Rd. S1727 to Bowen Pond near Martinez (Columbia Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Rocky Creek (1)

SR 56 to below New Savannah Road, Augusta (Richmond Co.)

Fishing

Runs Branch (Ebenezer Creek) (1)
Shoal Creek (1)
So. Fork Broad River (1)
So. Fork Broad River (1)
Stekoa Creek (1)
Uchee Creek (1)

Cowpen Creek to Little Ebenezer Creek near Clyo (Effingham Co.)
Pooles Creek to Lake Hartwell, Parkertown (Hart Co.)
Brush Creek to Beaverdam Creek near Comer (Madison Co.)
Clouds Creek to Fork Creek near Carlton (Madison/Oglethorpe Co.)
Clayton to Chattooga River (Rabun Co.)
Tudor Branch to upstream Little River near Evans (Columbia Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

Boone Creek (1)
Corn House Creek (1)

Upstream St. Marys River (Charlton Co.) Upstream St. Marys River (Charlton Co.)

Fishing Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
FC
FC FC,FCG
FC FC FC FC
FC,Tox

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) UR,M
NP NP
NP NP NP UR
UR,I2

DO,FC

NP

FC

NP

FC

NP

FC

NP

FC

UR

FC

UR

ST. MARYS RIVER BASIN

DO

NP

DO

NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

13

watershed protection strategy. The Homer Housing Authority

has installed an upgraded chlorination system.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

8

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

protection strategy. Note: FCG is a partial support. Fish

consumption guidelines due to mercury in fish tissue.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

13

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

8

watershed protection strategy. Columbia County has applied for

an areawide stormwater permit.

Urban runoff is being addressed in the EPD Stormwater

2

Management Strategy. An areawide stormwater permit was

issued to Augusta/Richmond County on 4/20/95. Southern Wood

Piedmont site under remediation.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

11

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

3

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

14

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

3

watershed protection strategy. Columbia County has applied for

an areawide stormwater permit

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3,X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

3

X

X

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

7

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2
2 3 3 3 3 3
2 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-78

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Horsepen Creek (1)
St. Marys Trib. 5 (1)

LOCATION Headwaters to St. Marys River (Camden Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Upstream St. Marys River (Charlton Co.)

Fishing

Alapaha River (1)

U.S. Hwy. 280 to Sand Creek (Wilcox/BenHill/Turner/Irwin Co.)

Bear Creek (1)

Reedy Cr. to Indian Cr. near Berlin (Colquitt Co.)

Cane Creek (1)

Rooty Branch to Okeefenokee Swamp near Homerville (Clinch Co.)

Cat Creek (1)

Beaverdam Cr. downstream SR 37 to Withlacoochee River near Ray City
(Berrien/Lowndes Co.)

Double Run Creek (1)

Upstream SR 90 to Alapaha River near Rebecca (Turner Co.)

Fivemile Creek (1)

Downstream Gaskins Pond to Big Cr. near Nashville (Berrien/Lanier Co.)

Greasy Branch (1)

U.S. Hwy. 84/SR38 to Okeefenokee Swamp (Ware Co.)

Indian Creek (1)

Upstream Little River near Berlin (Colquitt Co.)

Little River (10)

Newell Branch, d/s Hwy. 32 to Ashburn Branch, W. of Sycamore (Turner Co.)

Mill Creek (1)

Reynolds Cr. to Alapaha River (Wilcox Co.)

Mud Creek (also known as Mud Swamp Creek) (2)

D/S Valdosta Mud Cr. WPCP to Alapahoochee River (Lowndes Co.)

Mule Creek (1)

Headwaters to Reedy Cr. near Pavo (Thomas/Brooks Co.)

New River (1,2)

Westside Branch to Gum Cr. downstream Tifton (Tift Co.)

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing Fishing

Piscola Creek (1)

Downstream Whitlock Branch @ Ozell Road to Okapilco Creek near Boston (Thomas/Brooks Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO,FC

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S)
NP

DO

UR

SUWANNEE RIVER BASIN

DO

NP

DO

UR

DO

NP

DO

NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

3

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

29

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

7

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

6

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

8

X

X

protection strategy.

DO,Hg DO DO DO DO DO FC

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

5

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

10

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

10

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

4

X

X

protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

3

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

UR

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

10

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

DO DO,FC
DO

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

8

X

X

protection strategy.

M,UR

Tifton facility in compliance with permit limits. Model predicts

5

X

X

dissolved oxygen violations at low flows. Model calibration study

planned. Dissolved Oxygen data collected from trend

monitoring station in 1998 complied with water quality

standards. EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff)

through a watershed protection strategy.

NP

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

25

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-79

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Suwannee Creek (1)
Suwannoochee Creek (1)
Suwannoochee Creek (1)
Tatum Creek (1)
Tenmile Creek (1)
Toms Creek (1)
Turkey Branch (2)
Two Mile Branch (2)
Ty Ty Creek (1)
Warrior Creek (1)
West Fork Deep Creek (1)
Westside Branch (2)
Withlacoochee River (1)
Buffalo Creek (1)
Buffalo Creek (1)
Tributary to Baxter Creek (2)
Tributary to Buck Creek (2)

LOCATION
Headwaters to Little Suwannee Cr. near Manor (Clinch/Ware Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing

Bear Branch to Lees Bay (Clinch Co.)

Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
DO
DO

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S) NP
NP

Lees Bay to Suwannee River (Clinch Co.)

Fishing

DO,Cd

NP

Tower Rd. to Jones Cr. (Clinch Co.)

Fishing

DO

NP

Averys Millpond to Big Cr. near Nashville

Fishing

DO

UR

(Berrien/Lanier Co.)

Headwaters to Stateline (Echols Co.)

Fishing

DO

NP

Headwaters to Willacoochee River downstream

Fishing

DO,FC,Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Hg,Tox

M

Fitzgerald (Ben Hill Co.)

Headwaters to Sugar Cr., Valdosta (Lowndes Co.)

Fishing

FC

UR

Tucker Cr. to Warrior Cr. near Omega (Colquitt

Fishing

DO

NP

Co.)

Rock Cr. to Ty Ty Cr. near Norman Park (Colquitt

Fishing

DO

NP

Co.)

Downstream SR S1798 to downstream SR 159 N. of

Fishing

DO

NP

Ashburn (Turner Co.)

Tributary to Little River, Tifton (Tift Co.)

Fishing

FC

UR

Headwaters (Hardy Mill Creek) to New River

Fishing

DO,FCG

NP

(Berrien Co.)

Upstream Little Tallapoosa River (Carroll Co.)

Fishing

TALLAPOOSA RIVER BASIN

FC

UR

Downstream Southwire Corp. (Carroll Co.)

Fishing

Cu,Pb

I2

Bremen (Haralson Co.)

Fishing

FC

UR

Bremen (Haralson Co.)

Fishing

FC

UR

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

16

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

30

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

11

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

11

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

9

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

23

X

X

protection strategy.

Fitzgerald WPCP under compliance schedule to meet copper

8

X

X

limit by 1/5/2001. A WET limit was placed in the permit with a

compliance schedule to meet permit requirements by 6/15/02.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

2

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

9

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

8

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

1

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

2

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

17

X

X

protection strategy. Note: Fish consumption guidelines are a

partial support and due to mercury in fish tissue.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

6

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD Hazardous Waste Management Branch is working with the

3

X

X

Southwire Corporation to assess and develop site cleanup options.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

1

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

1

X

3

watershed protection strategy.

Priority 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 2 2 3 2
3 2 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-80

RIVERS/STREAMS NOT SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

BASIN/STREAM (Data Source)
Tributary to Buffalo Creek (1)
McFarland Branch (1)
Nottely River (1,13)
South Chickamauga Creek (1,10,13)
*Indicates minimal data set.

LOCATION Carrollton (Carroll Co.)
Rossville to Stateline (Walker Co.) US Hwy 19 to Lake Nottely (Union Co.)
Ringold to Stateline (Catoosa Co.)

WATER USE CLASSIFICATION
Fishing
Fishing Recreation
Fishing

CRITERION VIOLATED
Cd,Cu,Pb,Ni,Zn,Se

POTENTIAL CAUSE(S)
I2

TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN

FC

UR

FC

NP

FC

NP

ACTIONS TO ALLEVIATE

MILES 305(b) 303(d)

EPD Hazardous Waste Management Branch is working with the

1

X

X

Southwire Corporation to assess and develop site cleanup options.

EPD will address nonpoint source (urban runoff) through a

1

X

X

watershed protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

8

X

X

protection strategy.

EPD will address nonpoint sources through a watershed

15

X

X

protection strategy.

Priority 2
3 3 3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-80
LAKE NAME Albany By-Pass Pond (1)
Banks Lake (1) Big Haynes Reservoir (1)
Big Lazer (1)
Blalock Lake (9) Carters Lake (1) Clarks Hill Lake (1) Dog River Reservoir (16) Evans County PFA (1) Goat Rock Lake (1,28) High Falls Lake (1,9) Jackson Lake (1,28) Jackson Lake (1,28) Lake Acworth (14,35) Lake Allatoona (1,24) Lake Allatoona (1,24) Lake Allatoona (1,24) Lake Andrews (1) Lake Bennett (1)
Lake Blackshear (25) Lake Blue Ridge (1,12,13)
Lake Brantley (9)

ESTUARINE WATERS NOT FULLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

LOCATION
Dougherty County Lanier County
Rockdale County Big Lazer Public
Fishing Area (Talbot County) Clayton County Gilmer and Murray
Counties Lincoln and Columbia Counties Douglas County Evans County Public Fishing Area Harris County
Monroe County
Newton, Butts and Jasper Counties
Newton, Butts and Jasper Counties Upper/Mid-Lake Cobb County Tanyard Creek Embayment
Cherokee, Cobb, & Bartow Counties Little River Embayment Early County Charlie Elliott Public Fishing Area (Jasper Co.) Crisp, Sumter, Lee
and Dooly Counties Fannin County
Hard Labor State Park

BASIN Flint
Suwannee Ocmulgee
Flint
Ocmulgee Coosa
Savannah Chattahoochee
Ogeechee Chattahoochee
Ocmulgee Ocmulgee Ocmulgee
Coosa Coosa Coosa Coosa Chattahoochee Oconee
Flint Tennessee
Oconee

CSAUTPEPGOORRTY Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support
Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support
Not Support Partial Support Partial Support

CLWASASTIFEIRCAUTSEION Fishing Fishing
Drinking Water Fishing
Fishing Recreation Recreation Drinking Water
Fishing Drinking Water/Recreation
Recreation Recreation Recreation
Fishing Drinking Water/Recreation Drinking Water/Recreation Drinking Water/Recreation
Recreation Fishing
Recreation Recreation
Fishing

CVRIOITLEARTIEODN FCG FCG FCG FCG
pH FCG FCG Cu*,Zn* FCG FCG FCG FCG FCG,FC FC,FCG FCG,FC FCG,Hg,FC FCG FCG FCG
FC,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn Pb,FCG DO

POCATEUNSET(ISA)L UR,NP NP NP NP
M NP NP UR NP NP UR,NP UR,NP UR,NP UR UR UR NP,UR NP NP
NP,UR NP NP

AFAFCERCETSED 20 2900 650 195
260 3,882 69,999 225 122 941 699 4,102 650 194
84 10,831
950 1,540
17
8,518 3,219
45

305(b) X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X

303(d) X X X X
X X X X X 3 3 3 3,X X 3,X 3,X 3 X X
X X X

Priority 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 NA NA NA NA,3 3 NA,3 NA,2 NA 3 3
2 2 2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

ESTUARINE WATERS NOT FULLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

LAKE NAME Lake Burton (1) Lake Harding (1,28,33) Lake Hartwell (1,11,31) Lake Lanier (1,26) Lake Lanier (1,9,26) Lake Lanier (1) Lake Nottely (1,13) Lake Oconee (1)
Lake Oliver (1,28) Lake Rabun (1) Lake Russell (1)
Lake Seminole (1,11) Lake Sinclair (1,3)
Lake Tugaloo (1) Lake Walter F. George (1,33) Lake Walter F. George (1,33)
Lake Worth (1) Nancy Town Lake (1) Rock Eagle Lake (9)
Shamrock Lake (9) Stone Mountain Lake (Rockbridge
Lake) (1) West Point Lake (1)

LOCATION
Rabun County Harris County Tugaloo Arm -
Hartwell Six Mile Creek
Embayment Clark's Bridge Area
Lakewide Union County Morgan, Greene and Putnam
Counties Near Columbus Rabun County Elbert County Seminole and Decatur Counties Putnam, Baldwin,
and Hancock Counties
Rabun County Upstream Hwy 82 Stewart, Quitman and Clay Counties Dougherty County Habersham County
Putnam County Clayton County Stone Mountain Park (DeKalb
County) Lagrange Water Intake (Troup
County)

BASIN Savannah Chattahoochee Savannah Chattahoochee Chattahoochee Chattahoochee Tennessee Oconee
Chattahoochee Savannah Savannah Flint Oconee
Savannah Chattahoochee Chattahoochee
Flint Savannah Oconee Ocmulgee Ocmulgee
Chattahoochee

CSAUTPEPGOORRTY Partial Support Partial Support Not Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support
Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support
Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support Partial Support
Partial Support

CLWASASTIFEIRCAUTSEION Recreation
Recreation/Drinking Water Recreation Recreation Recreation Recreation Recreation Fishing
Drinking Water/Recreation Recreation Recreation Recreation Recreation
Recreation Recreation/Fishing
Recreation Recreation
Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
Fishing

CVRIOITLEARTIEODN FCG FCG FCG
FCG,Hg FCG,Hg,pH
FCG Cu,FCG
FCG
FCG FCG FCG FCG Temp
FCG FCG,Pb
FCG FCG FCG pH pH FCG
FC

POCATEUNSET(ISA)L NP NP I2 NP NP NP NP NP
NP NP NP NP,UR I1
NP UR,NP UR,NP
NP NP Lake Fertilization M NP
UR,NP

AFAFCERCETSED 2,775 5,851 55,950 1,100 700 38,039 4,180 19,007
2,150 835 26,650 37,515 650
598 12,000 32,219 1,401
8 110 68 494
2000

A-81

305(b) X X X X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X

303(d) X 3 3 X X X X X
3 X X X X
X 3,X 3 X X X X X
X

Priority 3 NA NA 2 2 3 2 3
NA 3 3 3 3
3 NA,2 NA
3 3 3 3 3
3

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

A-82
LAKE NAME West Point Lake (1,6,27,33)
*Indicates minimal data set.

ESTUARINE WATERS NOT FULLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

LOCATION Troup and Heard
Counties

BASIN Chattahoochee

CSAUTPEPGOORRTY Partial Support

CLWASASTIFEIRCAUTSEION Recreation

CVRIOITLEARTIEODN FCG

POCATEUNSET(ISA)L UR,NP

AFAFCERCETSED 22,911

305(b) X

303(d) 3

Priority NA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

ESTUARINE WATERS NOT FULLY SUPPORTING DESIGNATED USES

A-83

ES(TDUatAaRSYouNrAceM) E
Altamaha Estuary (5) Brunswick Harbor (1,5) Brunswick River (1,5) Cumberland Estuary (5) Doboy Sound (5) Dunbar Creek (5) Dupree Creek (3,5) Gibson Creek (1,5) Medway River (5) North River (1,5) Ossabaw Estuary (5) Purvis Creek (1,5) Sapelo Sound (5) Savannah Harbor (1) St. Andrews Sound (5) St. Catherines Sound (5) St. Simons Sound (1,5) Terry Creek (1) Turtle River System (1,5)
Wassaw Sound (5)

LOCATION RIVER BASIN USECLWASASTIFEIRCATION

Altamaha River Brunswick Brunswick Cumberland Doboy Sound St. Simons Island Brunswick Brunswick Sunbury St. Marys Ossabaw Brunswick

Altamaha Satilla Satilla Satilla Ogeechee Satilla Satilla Satilla Ogeechee St. Marys Ogeechee Satilla

Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing

CSAUTPUEPSGOEORRTY
N N N N N N N N N N N N

Sapelo Sound Hwy 17 to South Channel St. Andrews Sound St. Catherines Sound Brunswick Brunswick Brunswick: Turtle River, Buffalo River, and South Brunswick River (Glynn Co.) Wassaw Sound

Ogeechee Savannah Satilla Ogeechee Satilla Satilla Satilla
Ogeechee

Fishing

N

Coastal Fishing

P

Fishing

N

Fishing

N

Fishing

N

Fishing

N

Fishing

N

Fishing

N

CVRIOITLEARTIEODN
SB SB DO,SB SB SB SB SB,FCG PCBs,Hg,FCG,SB SB SB SB Hg,Cd,PCBs,CFB, FCG,SB SB FC SB SB DO,SB FCG,SB FCG,SB
SB

POCATEUNSET(ISA)L
NP I1,M,UR
I1,M NP M,MA,NP M I1 I2 NP I1 NP I1,I2
MA,NP UR,M
M.NP
MA,NP
I1,M,UR,NP I1,I2 I1,M

SQAUFAFREECMTEILDES
74 1 11 27 17 2 1 1 6 3 45 1
24 4
12
25
66 1 18

305(b)
X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X
X
X
X X X

303(d)
NA NA X,NA NA NA NA NA,X X,NA NA NA NA X,NA
NA 3
NA
NA
X,NA X,NA X,NA

Priority
NA NA 2,NA NA NA NA NA,3 2,NA NA NA NA 2,NA
NA 3
NA
NA
2,NA 3,NA 3,NA

NP,I1,UR

6

X

NA

NA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

APPENDIX B WATERS ADDED TO THE GEORGIA 303(d) LIST
BY THE USEPA
WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

APPENDIX C FISH CONSUMPTION GUIDELINES (Reproduction of Guidelines for Eating Fish
from Geogia Waters - 1999)
WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

APPENDIX C Guidelines for Eating Fish from Georgia Waters - 1999 Update (This Appendix is a Reproduction of Guidelines For Eating Fish From Georgia Waters - 1999)1 Introduction Fishing is a popular pastime in Georgia. Whether you go alone to relax and enjoy nature, with your friends to enjoy camaraderie and "fish tales" or with your family to pass on a sport you learned as a child, fishing is a fun and rewarding sport enjoyed by many people. Not only does fishing give people an excuse to get away from the hustle and bustle of daily life, but it can also put a healthy, satisfying meal on the table. Fish is low in saturated fat, high in protein, and can have substantial health benefits when eaten in place of other high-fat foods. The quality of sport fish caught in Georgia is very good; however, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, chlordane, DDT residues (DDE/DDD), and dieldrin have been found in some fish. In most cases, the levels of these chemicals are low. However, to help ensure the good health of Georgians, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has developed guidelines for how often certain species of fish can be safely eaten. These guidelines are based on the best scientific information and procedures available. As more advanced procedures are developed, these guidelines may change. Also, it is important to keep in mind that these calculations are based on eating fish with similar contamination over a period of 30 years or more. These guidelines are not intended to discourage people from eating fish, but should be used as a guide for choosing to eat fish from Georgia waters. Some changes have been made in the 1999 Guidelines for ease in use. The river basin where tested sites are located has been identified in the tables. The listings for lakes have been divided into those with a surface area of 500 acres or more, and small lakes and ponds less than 500 acres in size. The Georgia rivers have also been divided into freshwater rivers and creeks, and tidal estuarine systems. Are Georgia's Fish Safe to Eat? Yes. The quality of fish in Georgia is good. This booklet provides you with the guidance and recommendations to use in eating fish in a healthy and informed manner. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has one of the most progressive fish testing programs in the southeast. A variety of different fish species were tested for 43 separate contaminants, including metals, organic chemicals and pesticides. Many of these contaminants did not appear in any fish; however, two contaminants, PCBs and mercury, were frequently detected in significant amounts in a few species from some bodies of water in Georgia. Three additional contaminants, chlordane, DDT residues (DDE/DDD), and dieldrin were also detected infrequently. This publication provides you with information on those five contaminants--PCBs, mercury, chlordane, DDE/DDD and dieldrin.
1 Most of the graphics, a River Basins of Georgia map, and the index were removed from this reproduction of the 1999 Guidelines.
In some areas, fish are contaminated with low concentrations of PCBs, which stands for polychlorinated biphenyls. It is now illegal to manufacture PCBs; however, in the past, these synthetic oils were used regularly as fluids for electrical transformers, cutting oils, and carbonless paper. Although they were banned in 1976, they do not break down easily and remain in aquatic sediments for years. Over time levels of PCBs are decreasing. Mercury is a naturally occurring metal that does not break down as it cycles between land, water, and air. As mercury cycles through the environment it is absorbed and ingested by plants and animals. Most of the mercury absorbed or ingested will be returned to the environment but some will remain in the plant and animal tissues. It is not known where the mercury in Georgia's fish originated. Mercury may be present in fish because of the mercury content of soils and rocks in the southeast, from municipal and industrial sources, or from fossil fuel use. Scientific evidence is growing that mercury is transported long distances

C-2

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

through the upper atmosphere, making its control a global environmental issue. Although mercury has always been present, scientific research shows that the amount of mercury cycling through the environment has increased significantly following the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s. Fish at one site had enough chlordane to recommend a restriction in consumption. Chlordane is a manmade pesticide used in the U.S. from the late 1940s to the early 1980s. Historically, chlordane was used as an agricultural pesticide, but in 1978 it was restricted to termite control use only. It has since been banned for all uses. Chlordane is persistent in the environment and may remain in aquatic sediments for years. Fish at one site had enough DDE/DDD residues to recommend a restriction in consumption. The DDE/DDD contaminants are chemical breakdown products of the pesticide DDT. DDT was first synthesized in 1874 and its insecticidal properties were discovered in 1939. In the United States DDT was used extensively until 1969. The U.S. production of DDT was discontinued in 1969. Residues of DDE/DDD are persistent and break down slowly in the environment. Fish at one site had enough dieldrin to recommend a restriction in consumption. Dieldrin is another chlorinated pesticide like chlordane and DDT, and has been restricted from use in the United States. It was used to control corn and citrus pests, termites, and in moth proofing. Dieldrin is persistent in the environment because of the slow breakdown rate. Like PCBs, the chlorinated pesticides do not break down easily and remain in aquatic sediments for years. These organic contaminants tend to concentrate in fat and fatty tissues of fish such as the liver and other organs. Over time levels of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides are decreasing. How Do Georgia's Fish Compare? Georgia has one of the most extensive fish monitoring programs in the southeast. This is not because Georgia has highly contaminated fish, but because the DNR has made a serious commitment to evaluate fish quality and provide detailed information to the people of Georgia. Review and comparison of data collected nationally on fish tissue contamination that the U.S.EPA has assembled shows that the quality of fish in Georgia is similar to that in surrounding southeastern states. How Do Fish Become Contaminated? Contaminants get into water as a result of storm water runoff, industrial and municipal discharges, agricultural practices, nonpoint source pollution and other factors. When it rains, chemicals from the land and in the air are washed into the water. Contaminants are carried downstream by rivers and creeks into lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries. Contaminants can get into fish in a variety of ways. Fish absorb PCBs, chlordane and other pesticides from either water, suspended sediments, or their food. These chemicals concentrate in the fat of fish tissue and in fatty fish such as carp and catfish. Cleaning and cooking a fish to remove fat will lower the amount of PCBs, chlordane or other pesticides in a fish meal. Larger, older fish and fish which eat other fish may accumulate more contaminants than smaller, younger fish. Contaminants are not usually detected in panfish such as crappie and bluegill. Once in the water, mercury is converted to methylmercury by bacteria and other processes. Fish absorb methylmercury from their food and from water as it passes over their gills. Mercury is bound to proteins in fish tissue, including muscle. What is Being Done? The DNR is committed to protecting Georgia's rivers, streams, lakes and other waters. Both PCBs and chlordane have been banned and the levels of these chemicals are steadily decreasing over time. The Department began this progressive program to evaluate problem areas and to protect public health by giving people the information they need to make decisions about eating fish from different waters. The

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-3

DNR's fish testing program is ongoing. Testing on additional lakes and rivers is balanced with retesting of waters where changes may be occurring. Contaminant levels in fish change very slowly and sampling the same species of fish from the same locations over time will allow the DNR to document changes and trends in contamination levels. Georgia has more than 70,150 miles of rivers and streams and more than 425,382 acres of lakes, reservoirs and ponds. It will not be possible for the DNR to sample every stream and lake in the state. However, high priority has been placed on the 26 major reservoirs which make up more than 90% of the total lake acreage. Waterways listed in this guide will continue to be sampled as part of a five year rotating schedule of river basin planning and monitoring to track any trends in fish contaminant levels. The Department has also made sampling fish in rivers and streams downstream of urban and/or industrial areas a high priority. The DNR also focuses attention on areas which are frequented by a large number of anglers. Most lakes and rivers contain a wide variety of fish and selecting which species of fish to test is important. The DNR samples fish that are top predators (high in the food chain) and fish that feed on the bottom. For this reason, largemouth bass and channel catfish are usually the primary species tested. Hybrid bass are also tested in areas with good fisheries for this species. Smaller fish, such as crappie, bluegill and redbreast sunfish, are tested in secondary studies after testing the larger target fish. This is because smaller fish accumulate contaminants more slowly and in smaller amounts than larger fish and bottom feeders. To prevent future contamination, the Department seeks to identify pollution sources and to work with industries, cities, farms and others to reduce the threat posed by pollutants. In many cases this means implementing new technologies or practices that eliminate the use or creation of contaminants and thus the need to dispose of or discharge these chemicals. State laws have tough restrictions and penalties for discharge of toxic substances. The DNR is responsible for enforcing these laws in Georgia and for ensuring compliance with these regulations. Individuals can play a role in preventing contamination of Georgia's waters by recycling and disposing of chemicals, such as oil, antifreeze, paint, and other wastes properly. Manufacturers are working to reduce the use of mercury in their products, but it is still found in common household products such as thermostats, electrical switches, thermometers, some batteries, and fluorescent and mercury vapor lamps. To protect Georgia's waterways from contamination, individuals, industries, farmers and others must learn to modify their day-to-day activities and work practices to apply new ways to prevent pollution. The DNR will continue to work closely with these groups to improve water quality in Georgia. Planning, regulations, facilities modernization, public education and other activities will play a major role in protecting Georgia's waters for future generations. Benefits of Eating Fish Fish has long been recognized as a nutritious "protein food". It's nutritional value as a protein source is greater than that for beef, pork, chicken or milk. Additionally, the types and amounts of dietary fats are generally more "heart healthy" than the fats found in other protein foods. Fish is also an important source of the fatty acids which are critical for the development of the brain and nervous system. Fish is an excellent source of several vitamins, and also contributes appreciable amounts of dietary calcium, iron and zinc. These minerals are essential nutrients that tend to be low in people's diets. Many studies suggest that eating fish regularly may help protect against heart and inflammatory diseases. These guidelines are based on a range in fish meal size from 4 to 8 ounces ( to pound). Where the guidelines recommend only 1 meal per week or month, you may prefer to have two smaller meals over that period. Risks of Contaminated Fish

C-4

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

These guidelines were designed to protect you from experiencing health problems associated with eating contaminated fish. PCBs, methylmercury, chlordane, DDE/DDD and dieldrin build up in your body over time. It may take months or years of regularly eating contaminated fish to accumulate levels which would affect your health. Keep in mind that these guidelines are based on eating fish with similar contamination over a period of 30 years or more. Current statistics indicate that cancer will affect about one in every four people nationally, primarily due to smoking, diet and hereditary risk factors. If you follow Georgia's consumption guidelines, the contaminants in the fish you eat may not increase your cancer risk at all. At worst, using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) estimates of contaminant potency, your cancer risk from fish consumption should be less than 1 in 10,000. PCBs, chlordane, DDD/DDE and dieldrin can cause cancer in laboratory animals exposed to very large amounts, and may cause cancer in humans. Effects other than cancer from these chemicals may include developmental problems in children whose mothers were exposed to them before or during pregnancy. Studies of people who have been exposed to very large quantities of these chemicals (pesticide workers, etc.), have indicated a relationship between high exposures and health effects on the nervous system, the digestive system and liver, and the immune system. Exposure to methlymercury has not been linked to cancer. Methylmercury is a concern because of it's potential to damage the nervous system, especially in the developing fetus and young child. The consumption advice provided in this booklet is developed in a conservative manner. It is intended to protect both children and adults from cancer and the other potential toxic effects of these chemicals. Special Notice for Pregnant Women, Nursing Mothers and Children If you plan to become pregnant in the next year or two, are pregnant now, or are a nursing mother, you and your children under 6 years of age are especially sensitive to the effects of some contaminants. For added protection, these women and children may wish to eat fish less often than recommended in the tables.
Guidelines to Reduce Risk Keep smaller fish for eating. Generally, larger older fish may be more contaminated than younger, smaller fish. You can minimize your health risk by eating smaller fish (within legal size limits) and releasing the larger fish. Vary the kinds of fish you eat. Contaminants build up in large predators and bottom-feeding fish, like bass and catfish, more rapidly than in other species. By substituting a few meals of panfish, such as perch, sunfish and crappie, you can reduce your risk. Eat smaller meals when you eat big fish and eat them less often. If you catch a big fish, freeze part of the catch (mark container or wrapping with species and location), and space the meals from this fish over a period of time. Clean and cook your fish properly. How you clean and cook your fish can reduce the level of contaminants by as much as half in some fish. Some chemicals have a tendency to concentrate in the fatty tissues of fish. By removing the fish's skin and trimming fillets according to the following diagram, you can reduce the level of chemicals substantially. Mercury is bound to the meat of the fish, so these precautions will not help reduce this contaminant. Remove the skin from fillets or steaks. The internal organs (intestines, liver, roe, and so forth), and skin are often high in fat and contaminants. Trim off the fatty areas shown in black on the drawing. These include the belly fat, side or body fat, and the flesh along the top of the back. Careful trimming can reduce some contaminants by 25 to 50%.

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-5

Cook fish so fat drips away. Broil, bake or grill fish and do not use the drippings. Deep-fat frying removes some contaminants, but you should discard and not reuse the oil for cooking. Pan frying removes few, if any, contaminants.

Using These Guidelines

Check the following pages for the area where you fish. The lakes and rivers on the list are arranged in

alphabetical order. If your fish or fishing location is NOT in this booklet, follow the suggestions in

Guidelines to Reduce Risk .

If your fish or fishing location is in the booklet, it does not necessarily mean that there is a contaminants

problem, but only that the fish have been tested. Meal advice will depend on what contaminant(s) were

found and how much was found in different species and sizes of fish. Follow these instructions carefully.

<

Measure fish from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail fin.

<

On the charts find your lake (river) and the species and size of fish you caught. If there is no

frequency listed for a particular size fish, that size has not been tested or is illegal to keep. For

rivers, the size that was tested was the common creel size for that species.

C-6

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

<

Listed below are the four different recommended meal frequencies that are possible for different

species and sizes of fish.

no restriction

1 meal per week

1 meal per month

do not eat

<

For the purposes of these guidelines, one meal is assumed to range from to pound of fish (4-8

ounces) for a 150 pound person. Subtract or add 1 ounce of fish to the range for every 20 pound

of body weight. For example, one meal is assumed to be 3 - 7 ounces for a 130 pound person and

5 - 9 ounces for a 170 pound person.

Fish Consumption Guidelines

The tables for public lakes have been separated into two categories based on size. The first set of lakes

are those with a surface area of 500 or more acres. The second listing of public lakes includes those having

less than 500 acres in surface area. These include Georgia DNR Public Fishing Areas (PFAs) and State

Parks with small lakes and ponds, and municipal or other public fishing impoundments.

Georgia Public Lakes 500 Acres or Larger

Lake Allatoona

Coosa River Basin

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Over 16"

Chemical

Crappie

No Restrictions

Carp

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

1 meal/week

PCBs

White Bass

1 meal/week

PCBs

Largemouth Bass

No Restrictions

1 meal/week

PCBs

Spotted Bass

No Restrictions

1 meal/week

Mercury

Golden Redhorse

No Restrictions

Channel Catfish

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

Lake Andrews Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Banks Lake
Species Largemouth Bass Bluegill Sunfish
Lake Blackshear

Less than 12"
Less than 12" No Restrictions

12" - 16" 1 meal/week
12 - 16" 1 meal/month

Chattahoochee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

1 meal/week

Mercury

No Restrictions

Over 16"

Suwannee River Basin Chemical Mercury

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Flint River Basin
C-7

Species

Less than 12"

12 - 16"

Largemouth Bass *

No Restrictions *

Flathead Catfish

Spotted Sucker

No Restrictions

Striped Bass

*

Only Largemouth Bass 14 inches and longer may be legally retained.

Over 16" No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

Chemical

Lake Blue Ridge Species
White Bass Channel Catfish

Less than 12"

12" - 16" 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Tennessee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

Mercury

No Restrictions

Lake Burton Species
Largemouth Bass White Catfish
Channel Catfish Bluegill Sunfish

Less than 12" No Restrictions No Restrictions
No Restrictions

12" - 16" No Restrictions No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

1 meal/week

Mercury

No Restrictions

Carters Lake Species
Largemouth Bass Spotted Bass
Channel Catfish Walleye
Lake Chatuge Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish

Less than 12" No Restrictions
Less than 12"

12" - 16" No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions
12" - 16" No Restrictions No Restrictions

Over 16" No Restrictions

Coosa River Basin Chemical

No Restrictions 1 meal/week

Mercury

Tennessee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

Clarks Hill Lake (J. Strom Thurmond)

C-8

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Savannah River Basin

Species Largemouth Bass
Black Crappie White Perch Redear Sunfish Hybrid Bass Striped Bass
Catfish Bullhead Spotted Sucker

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions
No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16" 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Over 16" 1 meal/week

Chemical Mercury

No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

No Restrictions No Restrictions
1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Mercury

Goat Rock Lake Species
Largemouth Bass Hybrid Bass
Spotted Sucker Black Crappie Channel Catfish

Less than 12" 1 meal/week No Restrictions

12" - 16" No Restrictions
No Restrictions No Restrictions

Chattahoochee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

1 meal/week

PCBs

1 meal/month

PCBs

No Restrictions

1 meal/month

PCBs

Lake Harding (Bartletts Ferry)

Species

Less than 12"

Largemouth Bass

Channel Catfish

1 meal/week

Crappie

No Restrictions

Hybrid Bass

1 meal/week

Lake Hartwell: Tugaloo Arm (T); Main Body (M)

Species

Less than 12"

Largemouth Bass

Black Crappie Hybrid/Striped Bass
Channel Catfish

No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16" 1 meal/week 1 meal/month No Restrictions
12" - 16" 1 meal/week No Restrictions 1 meal/month No Restrictions

Chattahoochee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

1 meal/week

PCBs

1 meal/month

PCBs

1 meal/month

PCBs

Savannah River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

1 meal/week

(T) PCBs, Mercury

(T)

Do Not Eat

(T) PCBs

1 meal/month

(T) PCBs

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-9

Largemouth Bass

1 meal/month

1 meal/month

(M) PCBs

Hybrid/Striped Bass

Do Not Eat

Do Not Eat

Do Not Eat

(M) PCBs

Channel Catfish

1 meal/month

1 meal/month

1 meal/month

(M) PCBs

Information on Main Body ((M) Downlake of Andersonville Island) provided courtesy of the South Carolina DHEC (Ph.: 1-888-849-7241) to ensure consistency of guidance.

High Falls Lake Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Redear Sunfish
Jackson Lake Species
Largemouth Bass Catfish
Black Crappie Redear Sunfish

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16" No Restrictions No Restrictions

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16" 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

1 meal/week

PCBs

1 meal/week

PCBs

Ocmulgee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

1 meal/week

PCBs

1 meal/week

PCBs

Lake Juliette Species
Largemouth Bass Redear Sunfish Brown Bullhead

Less than 12" No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16" No Restrictions
No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

No Restrictions

C-10

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Lake Sydney Lanier Species
Largemouth Bass Catfish Carp
Bluegill Sunfish Black Crappie

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16" 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Chattahoochee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

1 meal/week

Mercury

No Restrictions

1 meal/month

PCBs

Lake Nottely Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Black Crappie

Less than 12" No Restrictions

12" - 16 " 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Tennessee River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

1 meal/week

Mercury

No Restrictions

Lake Oconee

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16 "

Over 16 "

Largemouth Bass *

No Restrictions *

No Restrictions *

1 meal/week

Hybrid Bass

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

Channel Catfish

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

White Catfish

No Restrictions

Black Crappie

No Restrictions

* Only Largemouth Bass smaller than 11 inches and 14 inches or longer may be legally retained.

Oconee River Basin Chemical Mercury

Lake Oliver Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish
Striped Bass Bluegill Sunfish Redear Sunfish

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16 " No Restrictions 1 meal/month

Chattahoochee River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

1 meal/week

PCBs, Mercury

1 meal/month

PCBs

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-11

Lake Rabun Species
Largemouth Bass White Catfish Bluegill Sunfish

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions

Lake Richard B. Russell Species
Largemouth Bass Black Crappie Sunfish Bluegill Sunfish White Perch Channel Catfish White Catfish Bullhead

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions
1 meal/week No Restrictions

Lake Seminole Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish
Bullhead Spotted Sucker

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions

Lake Sinclair Species
Largemouth Bass Hybrid Bass Catfish Black Crappie

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16 " No Restrictions No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

1 meal/week

Mercury

1 meal/week

Mercury

12" - 16 " No Restrictions No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

1 meal/week

Mercury

No Restrictions

Mercury

Chattahoochee/Flint River Basin (Apalachicola)

12" - 16 "

Over 16 "

Chemical

No Restrictions

1 meal/week

Mercury

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

1 meal/week

Mercury

No Restrictions

12" - 16 " No Restrictions
No Restrictions

Over 16 " No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

Oconee River Basin Chemical

C-12

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Lake Tobesofkee Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish

Less than 12" No Restrictions

12" - 16 " No Restrictions No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

Lake Tugaloo Species
Largemouth Bass White Catfish Bluegill Sunfish

Less than 12"
No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16 " 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

1 meal/week

Mercury

Lake Walter F. George (Eufaula)

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16 "

Largemouth Bass *

1 meal/week *

Hybrid Bass

No Restrictions

Catfish

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

Crappie

No Restrictions

*

Only Largemouth Bass 14 inches and longer may be legally retained.

Chattahoochee River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

1 meal/week

PCBs, Mercury

No Restrictions

1 meal/week

PCBs

West Point Lake Species
Largemouth Bass Hybrid Bass
Channel Catfish Carp
Black Crappie

Less than 12" No Restrictions No Restrictions

12" - 16 "
No Restrictions 1 meal/week 1 meal/week

Chattahoochee River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

1 meal/week

PCBs

1 meal/week

PCBs

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-13

Lake Worth (Flint River Reservoir)

Species

Less than 12"

Largemouth Bass

Channel Catfish

Flathead Catfish

Spotted Sucker

12" - 16 " No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

Over 16 " 1 meal/week 1 meal/week No Restrictions No Restrictions

Georgia Public Lakes and Ponds Less Than 500 Acres in Size

Lake Acworth

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Largemouth Bass

No Restrictions

Bluegill Sunfish

No Restrictions

Over 16" 1 meal/week

Flint River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury
Coosa River Basin Chemical Mercury

City of Adairsville Pond Species Carp

Less than 12"

12" - 16" No Restrictions

Over 16"

Coosa River Basin Chemical

Albany By-Pass Pond Species
Largemouth Bass Brown Bullhead

Less than 12"

12" - 16" 1 meal/week 1 meal/week

Over 16" 1 meal/week

Flint River Basin Chemical DDE/DDD DDE/DDD

Lake Bennett (Charlie Elliot Wildlife Center)

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Largemouth Bass *

1 meal/week*

*

Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise.

Over 16" 1 meal/week

Oconee River Basin Chemical Mercury

Big Haynes Reservoir Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Big Lazer PFA
C-14

Less than 12" No Restrictions

12" - 16" 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

Ocmulgee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

Mercury

Mercury

Flint River Basin

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Largemouth Bass *

No Restrictions *

*

Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise.

Over 16" 1 meal/week

Chemical Mercury

Dodge County PFA (Steve Bell Lake)

Species

Less than 12"

12 - 16"

Largemouth Bass *

No Restrictions *

Channel Catfish

No Restrictions

*

Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise.

Ocmulgee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

Evans County PFA

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Largemouth Bass *

No Restrictions *

Channel Catfish

*

Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise.

Over 16" 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Ogeechee Basin Chemical Mercury

Fort Yargo State Park Lake (Marburg Cr. Watershed Proj.)

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Largemouth Bass

No Restrictions

Carp

No Restrictions

Gordon Lake North (Fort Gordon)

Species

Less than 12"

Largemouth Bass

12" - 16" No Restrictions

Oconee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

No Restrictions

Over 16" No Restrictions

Savannah Basin Chemical

Gordon Lake South (Fort Gordon)

Species

Less than 12"

Largemouth Bass

12" - 16" No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

No Restrictions

Ken Gardens Lake (Albany, Georgia)

Flint River Basin

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-15

Species Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish

Less than 12" No Restrictions

12" - 16" No Restrictions

Over 16"

Chemical

Lake Mayer (City of Savannah)

Species

Less than 12"

Largemouth Bass

Redear Sunfish

No Restrictions

Speckled Bullhead

12" - 16" No Restrictions
No Restrictions

Ogeechee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

No Restrictions

McDuffie PFA (East Watershed Ponds)

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Largemouth Bass *

No Restrictions *

Channel Catfish

No Restrictions

*

Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise.

Savannah River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

McDuffie PFA (West Watershed Ponds)

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Largemouth Bass *

No Restrictions *

Channel Catfish

No Restrictions

*

Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise.

Savannah River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

Nancy Town Lake (Habersham County)

Species

Less than 12"

Bream

1 meal/week

12" - 16"

Savannah River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

Chlordane

C-16

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Lake Olmstead (Richmond County)

Species

Less than 12"

Largemouth Bass

Spotted Sucker

Paradise PFA (Horseshoe 4) Species
Channel Catfish

Less than 12"

12" - 16" No Restrictions No Restrictions
12" - 16"

Savannah River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

Suwannee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

No Restrictions

Paradise PFA (Lake Patrick)

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Largemouth Bass *

No Restrictions *

Brown Bullhead

No Restrictions

*

Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise.

Lake Rutledge (Hard Labor Creek State Park)

Species

Less than 12"

Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish

No Restrictions

12" - 16"
No Restrictions No Restrictions

Shepard Lake (Charlie Elliot Wildlife Center)

Species

Less than 12"

12" - 16"

Largemouth Bass *

No Restrictions *

*

Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise.

Suwannee River Basin

Over 16"

Chemical

No Restrictions

No Restrictions

Over 16"

Oconee River Basin Chemical

Over 16"

Oconee River Basin Chemical

Stone Mountain Lake Species
Largemouth Bass Catfish

Less than 12" No Restrictions

12" - 16 " No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

1 meal/week

Mercury

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-17

Lake Varner (Cornish Cr. Res. - Newton Co.)

Species

Less than 12"

Largemouth Bass

Channel Catfish

12" - 16 " No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin

Over 16 "

Chemical

No Restrictions

Georgia Rivers Please note that the consumption guidelines for Georgia rivers are presented in a different format from the lake charts. Due to the flow of rivers, the site tested is important to the consumption guidelines. Consumption guidelines may vary from one stretch of river to another. The fish tested was the common creel size for the location and species. Freshwater rivers and creeks are tabulated first, followed by listings for Georgia tidal estuarine systems.
Georgia Freshwater Rivers and Creeks

Alapaha River (Tifton to Stockton) Species
Largemouth Bass Spotted Sucker Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested U.S.Hwys. 82 to 84
See Above See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Suwannee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Alapaha River (Near State Line) Species
Largemouth Bass Spotted Bullhead

Site Tested Near Statenville
See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/month

Suwannee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Alapahoochee River (Near State Line) Species
Spotted Bullhead

Site Tested Echols County

Recommendation 1 meal/week

Suwannee River Basin Chemical Mercury

Alcovy River Species
Spotted Sucker Chain Pickerel Altamaha River

Site Tested Arrowhatchee Farms
See Above

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical
Altamaha River Basin

C-18

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Species Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Flathead Catfish Flathead Catfish
Apalachee River Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish

Site Tested Ga. Hwy 25 See Above See Above U.S. Hwy 1
Site Tested Apalachee Beach
See Above

Beaver Creek (Tributary to Patsiliga Creek)

Species

Site Tested

Yellow Bullhead

Taylor County

Boen Creek Species
Bluehead Chub

Site Tested Rabun County

Brasstown Creek Species
Northern Hog Sucker
Brier Creek Species
Largemouth Bass Spotted Sucker

Site Tested Towns County
Site Tested Burke County
See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions 1 meal/week 1 meal/week

Chemical Mercury
Mercury Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Oconee River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/month

Flint River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical

Recommendation No Restrictions

Tennessee River Basin Chemical

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-19

Broad River Species
Channel Catfish Flathead Catfish
Buffalo Creek Species
Bluegill Sunfish
Butternut Creek Species
Hogsucker

Site Tested Ga. Hwy 17 See Above
Site Tested Carroll County
Site Tested Union County

Cane Creek (Wimpy's Air Field) Species
Largemouth Bass

Site Tested Lumpkin County

Canoochee River (Above Ft. Stewart) Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested U.S. Hwy. 280
See Above See Above

Canoochee River (At & Below Ft. Stewart)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Below Canoochee Creek (Taylor Creek)

Channel Catfish

See Above

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical

Recommendation No Restrictions

Tallapoosa River Basin Chemical

Recommendation No Restrictions

Tennessee River Basin Chemical

Chattahoochee River Basin

Recommendation

Chemical

No Restrictions

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week 1 meal/week

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/month

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical Mercury

1 meal/month

Mercury

C-20

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Casey Canal (Tributary to Hayners Cr. / Vernon River)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Eisenhower Dr.

Bluegill Sunfish

See Above

Stripped Mullet

See Above

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/week

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical
Dieldrin

Chattahoochee River (Buford Dam to Morgan Falls Dam)
Species Largemouth Bass
Carp Brown Trout Rainbow Trout

Site Tested Below Buford Dam
See Above See Above See Above

Chattahoochee River (Morgan Falls Dam to Peachtree Creek)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Below Morgan Falls

Carp

See Above

Brown Trout

See Above

Jumprock Sucker

See Above

Chattahoochee River Basin

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions No Restrictions
1 meal/week

Chemical Mercury
Mercury

Chattahoochee River Basin

Recommendation No Restrictions 1 meal/month No Restrictions No Restrictions

Chemical PCBs

Chattahoochee River (Peachtree Creek to Franklin, Ga.)
Species Largemouth Bass
Spotted Bass Carp
Channel Catfish Striped Bass White Sucker

Site Tested Multiple Sites
See Above See Above See Above See Above See Above

Chattahoochee River Basin

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/month No Restrictions

Chemical Mercury
PCBs

Chattahoochee River (West Point Dam to Interstate 85)
WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Chattahoochee River Basin
C-21

Species Largemouth Bass
Spotted Bass Flat Bullhead Catfish

Site Tested Below Dam See Above See Above

Chattahoochee River (Oliver Dam to Oswichee Creek, Chattahoochee County)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Below Eagle Phoenix Dam

Channel Catfish

See Above

Chattahoochee River (Chattahoochee County to Stewart County)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Oswichee Creek to Omaha, Ga.

Crappie

See Above

Channel Catfish

See Above

Chattahoochee River (Early County)

Species

Site Tested

Hybrid Bass

Downstream of Plant Farley

Chattanooga Creek Species
Bluegill Sunfish Northern Hogsucker

Site Tested Ga. Hwy 193 See Above

Recommendation No Restrictions 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Chemical Mercury

Chattahoochee River Basin

Recommendation No Restrictions 1 meal/week

Chemical PCBs

Chattahoochee River Basin

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

Chemical

Chattahoochee River Basin

Recommendation

Chemical

No Restrictions

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Tennessee River Basin Chemical

C-22

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Chattooga River (Northwest Georgia) Species
Bluegill Sunfish Black Crappie

Site Tested Chattoogaville
See Above

Chickamauga Creek (East) Species
Rock Bass Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested Ga. Hwy 2 See Above

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Coosa River Basin Chemical

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Tennessee River Basin Chemical

Chickamauga Creek (West) Species
Spotted Bass Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested Ga. Hwy 2 See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Tennessee River Basin Chemical Mercury

Coosa River Species
Smallmouth Buffalo Largemouth Bass Striped Bass Spotted Bass Channel Catfish Blackie Crappie

Site Tested Rome to State Line
See Above See Above See Above See Above See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week 1 meal/month No Restrictions 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

Coosa River Basin Chemical PCBs PCBs PCBs
PCBs PCBs

Daniels Creek (Dade County) Species
Bluegill Sunfish

Site Tested Cloudland Canyon State Park

Dukes Creek (Near Helen) Species
Rainbow Trout

Site Tested Near Ga.Hwy. 75

Recommendation No Restrictions

Tennessee River Basin Chemical

Chattahoochee River Basin

Recommendation

Chemical

No Restrictions

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-23

Etowah River (Above Lake Allatoona) Species
Spotted Bass Golden Redhorse

Site Tested York Street See Above

Etowah River (Below Lake Allatoona) Species
Channel Catfish Largemouth Bass
Striped Bass Spotted Bass Bluegill Sunfish Smallmouth Buffalo

Site Tested U.S. Hwy. 411
See Above See Above See Above See Above See Above

Flint River (Spalding/Fayette Counties) Species
Largemouth Bass Spotted Sucker

Site Tested Ga. Hwy. 92 See Above

Flint River (Meriwether/Pike/Upson Counties)

Species

Site Tested

Shoal Bass

Ga. Hwy. 18

Channel Catfish

See Above

Flathead Catfish

See Above

Flint River (Taylor County) Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish
Shoal Bass

Site Tested U.S. Hwy. 80
See Above See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Coosa River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions 1 meal/week No Restrictions 1 meal/week No Restrictions 1 meal/month

Coosa River Basin Chemical Mercury
PCBs, Mercury PCBs

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Flint River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions No Restriction

Flint River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

Flint River Basin Chemical

C-24

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Flint River (Dougherty County)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Downstream of Merck Discharge

Sucker

See Above

Flathead Catfish

See Above

Flint River (Baker/Mitchell Counties) Species
Largemouth Bass Spotted Sucker Flathead Catfish

Site Tested Ga. Hwy. 37 See Above See Above

Goldmine Branch (Tributary to Warwoman Cr.)

Species

Site Tested

Brook Trout

Rabun County

Gum Creek Species
Largemouth Bass Carp

Site Tested Crisp County
See Above

Jacks River (Fannin County) Species
Brown Trout

Site Tested Watson Gap

Jones Creek (U.S. Forest Service Rd. 28-1)

Species

Site Tested

Brown Trout

Lumpkin County

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions
Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

Flint River Basin Chemical
Flint River Basin Chemical

Recommendation No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical

Recommendation 1 meal/week No Restriction
Recommendation No Restrictions
Recommendation No Restrictions

Flint River Basin Chemical Mercury
Coosa River Basin Chemical
Coosa River Basin Chemical

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-25

Little Dry Creek (Floyd County) Species
Bluegill Sunfish

Site Tested Near Rome

Little River (Above Rocky Creek Confluence)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Above Rocky Cr.

Spotted Sucker

See Above

Little River (Below Rocky Creek Confluence)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Below Rocky Cr.

Spotted Sucker

See Above

Little Tallapoosa River Species
Largemouth Bass Black Crappie Brown Bullhead

Site Tested U.S. Hwy. 27
See Above See Above

Mill Creek (Near Dalton) Species
Spotted Sucker Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested Whitfield County
See Above

Moccasin Creek (Lake Burton Hatchery)

Species

Site Tested

Rainbow Trout

DNR Hatchery

Recommendation No Restrictions

Coosa River Basin Chemical

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

Tallapoosa River Basin Chemical

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Coosa River Basin Chemical

Recommendation No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical

C-26

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Noonday Creek Species
Redbreast Sunfish Alabama Hogsucker

Site Tested Cobb County
See Above

Ochlockonee River (Moultrie to Thomasville)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Above Thomasville

White Catfish

See Above

Ochlockonee River (Thomasville to State Line)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Ga. Hwy. 93

Spotted Sucker

See Above

Ocmulgee River (Bibb County)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Downstream of Tobesofkee Creek

Flathead Catfish

See Above

Black Crappie

See Above

Channel Catfish

See Above

Ocmulgee River (Houston/Twiggs Counties)

Species

Site Tested

Channel Catfish

Ga. Hwy. 96

Flathead Catfish

See Above

Ocmulgee River (Pulaski County) Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish

Site Tested Hawkinsville See Above

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Coosa River Basin Chemical

Ochlockonee River Basin

Recommendation

Chemical

1 meal/month

Mercury

1 meal/week

Mercury

Ochlockonee River Basin

Recommendation

Chemical

1 meal/month

Mercury

1 meal/week

Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical
Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical Mercury

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-27

Ocmulgee River (Wilcox County) Species
Largemouth Bass Flathead Catfish
Ocmulgee River (Telfair County) Species
Largemouth Bass Flathead Catfish

Site Tested U.S. Hwy 280
See Above
Site Tested U.S. Hwy 341
See Above

Oconee River (Upstream of Barnett Shoals)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Above Barnett Shoals

Silver Redhorse

See Above

Oconee River (Baldwin/Wilkinson Counties)

Species

Site Tested

Flathead Catfish

Milledgeville to Dublin

Largemouth Bass

See Above

Channel Catfish

See Above

Oconee River (Laurens County) Species
Largemouth Bass Spotted Sucker Channel Catfish

Site Tested I-16
See Above See Above

Ogeechee River (Washington County) Species
Largemouth Bass Spotted Sucker

Site Tested Ga. Hwy 88 See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/week 1 meal/week

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week 1 meal/week

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week 1 meal/week

Oconee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

Oconee River Basin Chemical

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions

Oconee River Basin Chemical

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

C-28

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Ogeechee River (Jefferson County; Louisville)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

U.S. Hwy 1

Spotted Sucker

See Above

Chain Pickerel

See Above

Channel Catfish

See Above

Bowfin

See Above

Ogeechee River (Burke County; Midville)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Ga. Hwy. 56

Redbreast Sunfish

See Above

Ogeechee River (Bulloch County; near Oliver)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Ga. Hwy. 24 (south crossing)

Ogeechee River (Bryan County) Species
Largemouth Bass Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested Ga. Hwy 204 See Above

Ogeechee River (Near Ft. McAllister) Species Mullet

Site Tested Fort McAllister

Ohoopee River (Near Oak Park, Ga.) Species
Largemouth Bass Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested I-16
See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week 1 meal/week No Restriction 1 meal/week

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury Mercury
Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

Altamaha River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-29

Ohoopee River (Near Reidsville, Ga.) Species
Largemouth Bass Redbreast Sunfish
Spotted Sucker

Site Tested Ga. Hwy 56 See Above See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week 1 meal/week

Altamaha River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury Mercury

Okefenokee Swamp (Stephen Foster State Park)

Species

Site Tested

Bowfin

Billy's "Lake"

Flier (sunfish)

See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

Suwannee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Oostanaula River (Floyd/Gordon Counties)

Species

Site Tested

Spotted Bass

Ga. Hwy. 140

Bluegill Sunfish

See Above

Largemouth Bass

See Above

Striped Bass

See Above

Smallmouth Buffalo

See Above

Channel Catfish

See Above

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/week 1 meal/month 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

Coosa River Basin Chemical
PCBs PCBs PCBs PCBs

Patsiliga Creek (Downstream of Beaver Creek)

Flint River Basin

Species

Site Tested

Recommendation

Chemical

Bass Spp. *

Taylor County

1 meal/month

Mercury

Sucker Spp. *

See Above

1 meal/week

Mercury

*Bass were Largemouth and Shoal Bass; Suckers were Grayfin Redhorse, Spotted Sucker and Greater Jumprock

Ponder Branch (Walker County, Villanow)

Species

Site Tested

Redeye Bass

Ga. Hwy 136

Recommendation No Restrictions

Coosa River Basin Chemical

C-30

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Pipe Makers Canal (Near Savannah, Georgia)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Chatham County

Satilla River (Above U.S. Hwy 82, Waycross)

Species

Site Tested

Channel Catfish

U.S. Hwy 301

Satilla River (Below U.S. Hwy 82, Waycross)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Ga. Hwy. 252

Redbreast Sunfish

See Above

Savannah River (Columbia County)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Above New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam

Spotted Sucker

See Above

Savannah River (Richmond/Burke Counties)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Downstream of New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam

Sucker

See Above

Savannah River (Screven County) Species
Largemouth Bass Redear Sunfish Channel Catfish

Site Tested U.S. Hwy 301
See Above See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/week

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week

Satilla River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/month No Restrictions

Satilla River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury

1 meal/week

Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury

No Restrictions

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-31

Savannah River (Effingham County) Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish

Site Tested Ga. Hwy 119 See Above

Savannah River (Fort Howard) Species
Largemouth Bass White Catfish
Redbreast Sunfish Bowfin

Site Tested Near Rincon See Above See Above See Above

Savannah River (Chatham County) Species
Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish

Site Tested U.S. Hwy. 17
See Above

Savannah River (Tidal Gate) Species
Red Drum White Catfish

Site Tested Tidal Gate See Above

Short Creek (Warren County) Species Sunfish

Site Tested Warren County

Slab Camp Creek (Oconee County) Species
Greater Jumprock Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested Watson Spring Road
See Above

Recommendation 1 meal/month No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week No Restrictions 1 meal/month

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury
Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions 1 meal/week

Savannah River Basin Chemical
Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week

Ogeechee River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Oconee River Basin Chemical

C-32

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

South River Species
Largemouth Bass Black Crappie Silver Redhorse Spotted Sucker Redear Sunfish
South River Species
White Catfish Channel Catfish
South River Species
Snail Bullhead Largemouth Bass
White Catfish Flat Bullhead

Site Tested Snapping Shoals
See Above See Above See Above See Above
Site Tested Butts/Newton County Line
See Above
Site Tested Ga. Hwy. 36 See Above See Above See Above

Spring Creek (Seminole/Decatur/Miller Counties)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Ga. Hwy. 84

Spotted Sucker

See Above

Stamp Creek (Cherokee County) Species
Rainbow Trout

Site Tested Pine Log WMA

Recommendation 1 meal/week 1 meal/week 1 meal/week
No Restrictions No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical PCBs PCBs PCBs

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical PCBs

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/week No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical
PCBs

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

Flint River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation No Restrictions

Coosa River Basin Chemical

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-33

Stekoa Creek Species
Striped Jumprock

Site Tested Rabun County

St. Marys River (Charlton County) Species
Largemouth Bass Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested Near St. George
See Above

St. Marys River (Camden County) Species
Largemouth Bass Redbreast Sunfish

Site Tested U.S. Hwy. 17
See Above

Suwannee River Species
Largemouth Bass Bullhead Catfish Chain Pickerel

Site Tested Short Camp Road. Off Hwy. 177
See Above See Above

Swamp Creek (Whitfield County) Species
Redeye Bass

Site Tested Redwine Cove Road

Talking Rock Creek (Pickens County)

Species

Site Tested

Redeye Bass

Downtown Talking Rock at Fire Department

Recommendation No Restrictions

Savannah River Basin Chemical

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week

St. Marys River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week
No Restrictions

St. Marys River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week 1 meal/week

Suwannee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week

Coosa River Basin Chemical Mercury

Recommendation 1 meal/week

Coosa River Basin Chemical Mercury

C-34

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Tallapoosa River Species
Blacktail Redhorse Bluegill Sunfish

Site Tested U.S. Hwy. 27
See Above

Withlacoochee River (Valdosta to State Line)

Species

Site Tested

Largemouth Bass

Near Clyattville

Suwannee Bass

See Above

Redbreast Sunfish

See Above

Yahoola Creek (Consolidated Goldmine)

Species

Site Tested

Alabama Hog Sucker

Lumpkin County

Yellow River Species
Flat Bullhead Catfish

Site Tested Porterdale Dam

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions

Tallapoosa River Basin Chemical

Recommendation 1 meal/month 1 meal/week No Restriction

Suwannee River Basin Chemical Mercury Mercury

Chattahoochee River Basin

Recommendation

Chemical

No Restrictions

Recommendation No Restrictions

Ocmulgee River Basin Chemical

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-35

Georgia Tidal Estuarine Systems

Turtle River System: Purvis and Gibson Creeks (St. Simons Sound)

Species

Site Tested

Blue Crab, Clams, Mussels, Oysters, Shrimp, and other
seafood

Purvis & Gibson Creeks

Turtle & Buffalo Rivers (St. Simons Sound)

Species

Site Tested

Shrimp Blue Crab

Turtle and Buffalo Rivers,Upriver of Georgia Hwy 303

Flounder

Red Drum

Croaker

Spotted Sea Trout

Black Drum

Clams, Mussels, Oysters

* Shellfish Ban per the National Shellfish Sanitation Program

Recommendation Do Not Eat
Recommendation No Restrictions 1 meal/week 1 meal/week 1 meal/week 1 meal/month 1 meal/month Do Not Eat Do Not Eat

Satilla River Basin Chemical
PCBs, Mercury
Satilla River Basin Chemical
PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury Shellfish Ban *

Turtle River (St. Simons Sound)

Species

Site Tested

Shrimp

State Hwy 303 to Channel Marker 9

Flounder

Black Drum

Red Drum

Spotted Sea Trout

Croaker

Blue Crab

Clams, Mussels, Oysters

* Shellfish Ban per the National Shellfish Sanitation Program

Recommendation No Restrictions 1 meal/week 1 meal/month 1 meal/month 1 meal/month 1 meal/month 1 meal/month Do Not Eat

Satilla River Basin Chemical
PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury Shellfish Ban *

C-36

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

Turtle & South Brunswick Rivers (St. Simons Sound)

Species

Site Tested

Shrimp Red Drum Flounder

Turtle River (From Channel Marker 9) and South Brunswick River (Downstream to Dubignons and Parsons Creeks)

Blue Crab

Croaker

Black Drum

Spotted Sea Trout

Clams, Mussels, Oysters

* Shellfish Ban per the National Shellfish Sanitation Program

Recommendation No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/week 1 meal/week 1 meal/month 1 meal/month Do Not Eat

Satilla River Basin Chemical
PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury PCBs, Mercury Shellfish Ban *

Special Listings
Terry Creek (St. Simons Sound)

Species

Site Tested

Recommendation

Yellowtail (Silver Perch) Spot

South of Torras Causeway 1 meal/week to Lanier Basin
No Restrictions

Mullet

No Restrictions

Spotted Sea Trout

No Restrictions

Black Drum

No Restrictions

Red Drum

No Restrictions

Croaker

No Restrictions

Shrimp

No Restrictions

Blue Crab

No Restrictions

Clams, Mussels, Oysters

Do Not Eat

* Shellfish Ban per the National Shellfish Sanitation Program

Satilla River Basin Chemical PCBs, Mercury
Shellfish Ban *

Terry & Dupree Creeks * Recommendation: No Fishing or Swimming. Due to the cleanup of toxaphene contaminated sediments the EPD, CRD, and U.S.EPA recommend that people refrain from fishing and swimming in this area. * All of Dupree Creek and Terry Creek north of Torras Causeway to mile west of confluence with the Back River

WATER QUALITY IN GEORGIA

C-37