- Collection:
- Georgia Government Publications
- Title:
- Final report: federal aid in fisheries restoration [June 30, 1968]
- Creator:
- McBay, L. Glenn
Bunch, Zan E - Contributor to Resource:
- Georgia. Game and Fish Commission
- Publisher:
- Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia. Game and Fish Commission
- Date of Original:
- 1968-06-30
- Subject:
- Georgia
- Location:
- United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018
- Medium:
- publications (documents)
- Type:
- Text
- Format:
- application/pdf
- External Identifiers:
- OCLC 00122513
NZ MMS ID 9910134197602931
Call Number G275 .S1 F4 C6
Call Number QL628.G4 - Metadata URL:
- https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:dlg_ggpd_i-ga-bg275-b-ps1-bf4-bc6
- Digital Object URL:
- https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:dlg_ggpd_i-ga-bg275-b-ps1-bf4-bc6
- Language:
- eng
- Holding Institution:
- University of Georgia. Map and Government Information Library
- Rights:
-
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013
http://archive.org/details/federalaidinfishOOmcba
FINAL REPORT
COASTAL REGION RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Project F-20-R-3, July 1, 1967 to June 30, 1968 Dingell-Johnson Division FEDERAL AID IN FISHERIES RESTORATION
STATE GAME AND FISH COMMISSION 270 Washington Street, S. W. , Atlanta, Georgia 30334
THE LIBRARIES
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
B
JOB COMPLETION REPORT
Research Project Segment
State:
_< .
e_P_Lg_
1_a_
Cooper ators ;
U^S^JD LLrBBl_J_llL?_ Jj?2LL?Jj._LL^_-?J}^_^J14iL^'
Service, _ ij r_e_a_u_ _of_ S o r_t_ _F_i s_h_ _a_n_d__W_i_l_dJ. ij_e_
Project No:
VLj.LsJLI--3^-^--^
Project Title; _C_o_as t_al_ R_e_g_io n_
Period Covere d^J. u l_y__l_, _L1.1 JiLLlLy_li- J_9JL8_
_ ^jLltl?_IJ^2_Ln_v_ J2i-5-tJi)I1i.
Job No. 1-1 Rough Fish Control Attempts Using an Electric Weir
Job No. 1-2 Effect of pH and Artificially Prepared Areas on Spawning of Freshwater Species
Job No. 1-3 Inventory of Salinities and Larval Fish Forms
in Champney River
Job No. II - 1 Location of Sexually Mature Striped Bass
Submitted by :
L^ _ G_l e n n _M_c_B_a_y Project Leader
JLa_!L E_. Bunch_ Biological Aide
Mari n e 11_ _W_. T_h_o_m_p_s on
Se ere t ary
Approved by : Chief of Fisheries D . J . Coordinator
Approved by;
Director
Table of Contents
Rough Fish Control Attempts Using an Electric Weir
Effect of pH and Artificially Prepared Areas on Spawning of Freshwater Species
Inventory of Salinities and Larval Fish Forms
in Champney River
6
Literature Review
7
A Summary of Average Chemical Analyses
12
Determinations by Month of Water Samples
Collected from Champney River
14
Results of Collections made with Egg Nets
During the Period J anu ar y - Ju ly , 1967
22
Location of Sexually Mature Striped Bass
27
Map of Survey Areas in Gresh, Belfast Rivers,
and Jerico Creeks
31
Map of Survey Areas in the Savannah River System
32
Map of Survey Areas in the Ogeechee River System
33
Map of Survey Areas in the Altamaha River System
34
Sub-Adult and Adult Striped Bass Transported
and Stocked in Lake Blackshear During 1967-1968
35
Summary of 1965-66 Survey Areas, Striped Bass
Collected, Me thod of Collection and Effort
36
Summary of 1966-67 Survey Areas, Striped Bass
Collected, Method of Collection and Effort
37
Summary of 1967-68 Survey Areas, Striped Bass
Collected, Method of Collection and Effort
40
Summary of Striped Bass Collected and Catch Per
Effort in Various River Systems During 1965-1968
46
Length Frequencies of Fingerlings Reared in 1968
47
State:
Geor_gia_
Project No:
F-20-R -_3_
Job No:
__LlL-
Project Title; Coactal Region
J b Title:
Jillll!iL1_:^,,l0.Y.(Ls_t2iLcLrL?_
R o u g h _ F i zh C o nt r o 1_ JLLHi_ ^L? *.
Period Covered: July 1, 1967 to July 1, _ 19 68
I Summary: Prior to the aforementioned period, the diked area on Champney Island was necessarily drained in order to allow construction of Highway 1-95.
Consequently, the stated objectives for further evaluating the weirs during the project year could not be completely fulfilled as anticipated. The brief ob-
servations made in this project year and in project reports F-20-R-T and F-20-R-2 are summarized herein with project recommendations.
II Background: Bowfin, yellowbelly sunfish, gizzard chad, bay anchovies, tidewater silversides, striped mullet, brown bullhead, blue gill, European carp, American eel, needlefish, largemouth base, spotted gar, golden shiners, and various clupeids were successfully killed in the weir assembly during routine flooding and operation. Fish were observed being deterred from the outermost assembly unit while others were observed, during rapid flow, to be drifting to the intake trunk, apparently only partially elec tronarcotized ,, In a more extensive evaluation using a blockoff net to entrap these drifting fish, it was found that flooding with weirs in operation apparently killed striped bass, striped muliet, largemouth bass, and American eels, as evidenced by fish accumulating in the blockoff area. A large number Oi small fish of various types were recovered alive from within the blockoff net. However, the point of entry into the blockoff area
was questionable due to difficulty in securing the net on the substrate and because of the one half inch mesh size of the net,
:
.
Brief exposures from three to 15 minutes in a non-conductive container were not adequate to kill adult resident bream and bass a distance of three to four feet from the electrodes. Complete mortality of 1.00 - 2.50 inch bluegill was induced in a ten and a 15 minute exposure within one foot of the electrodes. However, it was 85.7 per cent in one 18 minute test and progressively lower from one 10 and a three minute exposure. Mortality in channel fatfish fingerlings (1.87 - 2.68 inches) shocked three and ten minutes was 30 per cent; and in fingerlings shocked 15 and 18 minutes, it was 70 and 50 per cent, respectively. III Ob j ect i ves
1. To determine the most effective means of preventing the entrance
of river fish into a public fishing area. 2. To determine the degree of residual effects upon native fish "shocked
for various time intervals. 3. To investigate the extent of mortality of larval fish flushed into
the lake
IV Procedure: Procedures for data summarized in this project report are presented in Project Reports D.J.; F-20-R1 and F-20-R-2.
V: Results: In additional tests complete mortality of adult bluegills was achieved in a 15 minute exposure, with 80 per cent killed in five minutes. Fingerling bluegill and redear sunfish were less susceptible with complete mortality achieved in 20 minute exposures only. Fingerling largemouth bass were the most susceptible te-t species with complete mortality occurring in one five minute test and a 70 per cent kill in one 15 minute exposure.
VI Recommendations: 1. A substitute approach should be used for flooding the public fishing lake. Electric weirs should be used for preventing entry of rough fish in a "freshwater lake" in the event river water flooding via the system used is necessary; however, it is doubtful if complete deterrence or mortality of rough fish can be accomplished. Such a device would, however, reduce the number of fish and be quite effective in reducing the number of adult rough fish. Alternatives would be to flood and treat with rotenone or antimycin or pump water into the basin at
selected periods. 2. If an electric weir assembly is used in conjunction with flood gates
for rough fish control, the gates should be screw-down type to allow controlled velocity of flow through a weir assembly. 3. A weir assembly, if used, should consist of two basic assembly units. One assembly unit should transect the flood ditch adjacent to the river
with a greater span than 12 feet used in the present study. This will
lengthen the gradient of the electrifc field and make it more effective
as a deterrent, electronarcotizing less fish approaching the river side of the assembly. The second assembly should be constructed within the flood ditch and positioned parallel to it to allow continuous exposure to drifting elec tr on ar co t ized fish and to fish sinking to the substrate.
_
State:
_5. LEJl3.
Project No: JF^20^R^3_
Job No:
1-2
Project Title: C_o_a_s 1^J_ R__g_[_
F i s_h6Jji.S Ijvy e_s t i_g_a tions
T J o b
e i 1 1
:
E
f_f_ec_t_
2.
L
_PJI
_a_n-fL All
ILLS i^J.
A_r e a_ on_ _Sj>_a_w_n_in_g_ _o_f
F re s h w a tej S e c i e s
Period Covered: l]_y_Jj._L9.1L_ti,_L4.ly_ii._L9_6_8_
I Summary: This job was terminated the previous year. The results obtained prior to this report are summarized with related project recommendations.
II Background: During the study the native largemouth bass spawned with heavy fingerling survival in the lake. Randomly taken samples of the soil in the basin indicated that these progeny were produced where pH values varied fr am 4 St. 1.5.
Spawning and successful hatches occurred in an experimental plot where soil pH in flooded areas was determined to be 4.8 to 5.1 and where brood fish were stocked at 1,054 per acre. A slightly higher hatching success was observed in an adjacent plot in which six inches of coarse sand was added. The stocking rate of broodfish was 744 per acre and soil pH was determined to be 5.6 to 5.8. Spawning in both plots occurred periodically over an eleven day period when hydrometer readings indicated that the salinity varied from 2.48 to 3.07 parts per thousand.
Bluegill or redear sunfish progeny did not appear by June 21 from 66,000 two-inch fingerlings stocked into the lake in mid February. Bluegills stocked in experimental pens with the s bstrate covered with sand swept nests and appeared to have swept nests on the natural substrate in the other plot. However no fry or fingerlings were collected. Soil pH values were determined to be 5.4 to 5.5 and 4.8 to 5.0, respectively, in ttie pens and the water salinity during
the spawning season exceeded 3.0 parts per thousand. Other species spawning heavily in the lake included black crappie,
golden shiners, and speckled bullheads. Edaphic factors or salinity did not prohibit largemouth bass or blue-
gill from reproducing in an adjacent 40-acre impoundment filled partially with rainwater over a two-year period. Soil pH of randomly collected
samples in this basin varied from 5.5 to 6.5 and the water salinity from 2.45 to 2.89 parts per thousand.
Ill Recommendations: 1. The use of artifically prepared spawning areas did not significantly influence spawning and it is doubtful if it would contribute significantly to the establishment of a good fish population in the lake. 2. Stocking per acre should consist of 1,000 bluegill and redear and 120 largemouth bass if fertilization is to be accomplished. Early bass stocking is advisable to help alleviate a potential rough fish problem. A supplemental forage species, such as the threadfin shad, should be experimentally stocked if checks indicate low bluegill and
redear productivity in the lake.
3. Soil pH measurements indicate the probability of low productivity; however, after flooding periodic samples should be taken to determine the increment of increase and need for liming.
State:
_G 0_g_i_a_
Project No; F-20-R-3
Job No:
1-3
Project Title: _Coas_t_a_l_Regi_on
Job Title:
_F_ijJ}_e_ i_e_s_ ri v e s_r i_g_a t _i_o_n_
J^
_ Ln_ ve_n toj_y_ o _S_al_i n i_t_i_e_s
And Larval Fish Forms
Period
Covered:
_l J^_ lj^
l_9_6_7__t_o_ J_u_1j_2j._1_9_6_8_
I Summary: This job was continued during this project year, however, it was interrupted by the construction of 1-95. Specimens collected during F-20-R-2 and previously tentatively identified are reported as complete as possible to date and summarized in this report with current year data. Croaker, spot,
striped mullet, Southern flounder and pickerel could be flooded into the public fishing lake in low densities in January based on this sampling. February, March,
April, May and June would provide limited larval fish of any type. July and
August flooding would provide higher populations of white and channel catfish with some hogchokers (T, maculatus). Early Septembei flooding would provide larval fish presumed to be gray snapper. October flooding would provide croakers
and hogchokers. November was not a productive collecting period. Populations of marine larval forms are considered to be of low density by
the author with few of the 17 known species collected of sportfishing value. Sa Unities are decidely too low to attempt culture of marine species.
II Background: Since 1948, experiments have been conducted on pond cultivation of a variety of estuarine or saltwater species of fish at Bears Bluff Laboratories, South Carolina. Considerations were given in this study to the possibility of
utilizing a 200 acre site on Champney Island in Mcintosh County for this type
fish culture or as a "freshwater lake".
The prospective area is located in the estuarine complex of the Altamaha River System and is adjacent to Middle River. Consequently, it can be flooded
from this stream by manipulating flood gates when desired. This land has been described in the previous report from surveys of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture.
This area of Mcintosh County is composed of wet alluvial type land (Altamaha Clay) which reacts strongly acid to Soil Text Tests. The land is farther inland than tidal marshes, which give an alkaline reaction, but it is still influenced by tides and alkalinity of the tidal influx. With open flood gates the area is covered with brackish water when tides are pushed by high winds, and it is swept with fresh water when rivers overflow their banks
Salinity measurements and species of larval fish found in Middle River during the period January 10, 1966 to August 3, 1966 have been partially submitted previously (D.J.; F-20-R Reports, 1966 and 1967). Additional information is included herein.
L i tejrjit u re Review; Swingle (1956) leports the exact limits within which largemouth bass and bluegill will successfully reproduce to be unknown. He also suggests that bass can reproduce at a slightly greater salinity than bluegills. Water with a salinity of 5 ppt. or above is apparently unsuitable for reproduction by either species. Neely (1962) reports these species thriving in salinities up to 5 ppt.; however, reproduction ceases at salinities above 2.5 to 3.0 ppt. Luntz (personal communication) reported bluegill and bass in water of 8.0 ppt. salinity but they were not reproducing.
Largemouth bass and bluegill are reported by Tebo and McCoy (1964)
to be distributed where sea-water concentrations ranged from to 29 per cent (0 to 10.2 6 ppt.) and to 10 per cent (0 to 3.56 ppt.), respectively, with a sharp decrease in numbers of bass in waters having more than 10 per cent sea-water. On the basis of bio-assay studies, these authors indicate that
10 to 12 percent sea water (osmotic pressure of 2.34 to 2.80 atmospheres)
or 3.56 to 4.26 ppt. salinity is the maximum concentration at which
large mouth bass can successfully reproduce. Hatching of eggs taken by hormone injection and manual stripping of females occurred where salinities were as high as 7.08 ppt.; however, the incidence of mortality during pro-larval development was high at 5.32 ppt. or higher. The
maximum concentration for normal egg development of largemouth bass
was surmised to be between 3.56 and 5.32 ppt. Surber and Taft (1962) report largemouth bass and bluegill eggs and
fry can survive in salt water up to about 10 per cent sea strength. Carver (1966) concluded that salinity was a major factor which limited
distribution of centrarchids on Delta National Wildlife Reguse in the Mississippi River Delta. In his studies, largemouth bass were collected in salinities that ranged from 0.04 to 4.10 ppt.
Young-of-the-year black crappie were collected in water with a salinity of 2.00 ppt. and several adults were collected in areas which reached 43 per cent sea water (14.43 ppt.) 4 months later. The author cites studies in the Cape Fear River in which black crappie were found in waters with salinities up to 4.7 ppt. This species was observed in greater number, however, in fresher waters.
White crappie were found in limited numbers in water salinities up to 1.32 ppt. and were considered limited in their distribution by relatively low salinities.
Redear sunfish and warmoutl were found at a maximum salinity of 4.1
ppt. The author cites Geagan (1962) in studies of Lake Borgne, Louisiana, in which redear sunfish were found in salinities ranging from 2.6 to 6.7 ppt.
Bearden (19 67) in summarizing some of the work at Bears Bluff Laboratories South Carolina, surmised, "findings indicated that saltwater fish ponds should
be built in areas where the salinities average at least 10 parts per thousand.
New water should be taken in during high tide or pumped in frequently,
especially during hot weather to avoid possible excessive phytolankton growth and subsequent oxygen depletion. Very low salinities seem to
inhibit growth of many species and to limit productivity in general. Two
to three hundred pounds of fish per acre annually have been regularly
produced in unfertilized, unfed ponds. This production is made up pri-
marily of herbivores (Mullet), but recent accounts of 200 pounds of red drum and spot are made.
Red drum (_S c iji e_n_o_p_s ocellata) will enter by flooding ponds on the South Carolina Coast during September to November and post-larval spot (J^i_2 t_om_u_s * a lL!LLLu_?-l are present in large numbers in February and March. Red drum proved to be the species most adaptable to pond conditions; but good results were also obtained with spot, black drum and southern flounder. The author speculates on a possible combination of red drum and spot at stocking rates per acre of 50 to 7 5 drum and 300 to 400 spot. Red drum, stocked as juveniles (2.5 to 5.5 TL) in tanks, with controlled conditions, increased 55 to 60 per cent in total length in 2 1/2 months. Record size spot for South Carolina (11.8 inches and 13.5 ounces) were grown in ponds in 3 years.
Tarpon and lady fish thrive in salt-water ponds during warmer months but could not survive the winter months in the Bears Bluff area. During 1962-66 a single fish kill was reported by the author. In a 2.5 acre pond with a
maximum dept of 7 feet the water temperature dropped to 33.4 F. in 3
days with a near complete kill of spotted seatrout and croakers and a partial kill of spot and red drum.
Duebler and White (1962) in a 3 3 day laboratory experiment with summer
flounder did not encounter lethal salinities in a range of 10 ppt. to 40 ppt.
9
where increments were of 10 ppt. These fish exhibited increased growth rates with increasing salinities, with a marked reduction at 40 ppt. These authors cite studies by Deubler (1960), with salinities of to 30 ppt. in which postlarvae of the southern flounder, P a r a 1 i_c h_t_yj> l_et h o s_ti_g_rna , attained a larger size at high salinities with controlled food supply, temperature, space and light.
Marine or brackish water species reported at various salinities in Guano Lake, Florida by Horel (personal communication) include croaker, sheepshead, pinfish, spot, drum, mullet, anchovy, and Menhaden at no detectable salinity, channel bass and Grunt at 0.65 and 1.1 ppt., respectively and pipefish, spotted trout, and flounder at a concentration of 5.6, 6.2, and 6.2 respectively.
III Objectives: The objectives of this phase are: (1) to determine salinity of water that would be available for flooding into a public fishing area, (2) to determine larval fish forms that might be flushed into the public fishing area, and (3), to survey literature on the larval forms found to determine salinity requirements and tolerance levels.
IV Procedure;
S a_l_in_i_t_y__De l^i^m i_n_aji_o_n_s ^_ Sampling was conducted eight river miles from the Atlantic Ocean in
Champney River at U.S. Highway 17 Bridge. This area is in very close proximity to floodgate number one of the proposed public iishing area.
Standard procedures consisted of surface, sampling at approximately two week intervals. Flood tide sampling was conducted from to 2 hours prior to the high water given for Tybee Outer Bar and at high water at the sampling station. A bench marker indicating the flood levels available for the proposed fishing area was set up and data is related to the Tybee Bar tide data. Salinities
10
were determined with a specific gravity hydrometer. The sample depth, pH, water temperature, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, salinity and relative tide level were periodically determined.
Larval Fish Sampli ng:
Sampling was conducted in conjunction with water sampling. Samples
were taken with a 1/2 meter egg net (Ace mesh 14 per inch) set for 30
minutes
on
M A ,,
.
and
P.M.
flood
tides
approximately
1
hour
30
minutes
prior to Tybee Bar high water and on A.M. and P.M. ebb tide shortly after
high water at the sampling station.
V Results: During the period January 10, 1966 to December 2 4, 1966 salinities at the sampling station in Middle River during flood tide varied from 1.20 to 3.22 ppt. with a calculated mean of 2.32 ppt. During the same period high water salinities varied from 1.35 to 6.40 ppt. with a calculated mean of 2.70 ppt. The range and mean salinity and temperature values by month for the
1966 calendar year and January and February of 1967 are presented in Table 1. Water sampling was discontinued after this due to silty water occurring from dredging operations upstream.
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The species collected in this study, the total effort expended, the si3e range of fish collected and catch per 30 minute netting effort are presented by month for the period January 1966 to January 1967 in tables 2 through 5. These data would indicate January flooding would provide the largest number of croaker, spot, striped mullet, Southern flounder and pickerel in the lake. July or August flooding exclusively would entrap a significant number of channel catfish, white catfish and hogchokers. Early September sampling indicated the presence of small fish which were possibly gray snapper. The salinities and temperatures at Which each of these species was collected is indicated in tables 6 through 9 .
Additional sampling and collecting in 1967 was conducted with the following results:
-P_aJir_
1-10 -67 1-11-67 2 -8 -67
2-8-67 2-8-67 2-27-67 2-27-67 2-27-67
jri_d_e_-_T_a_b_l_e_
High Ebb-Night High Ebb-Night
F 1 o o d -D a y
High Ebb-Day
Flood-Day Flood -Night High Ebb-Night
S a rnp_l e No. 87-E
Catch
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8 9 -E (Decomposed)
90 -E
91 -E (Broken)
92
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3-22 -67 3-22 -67 4-17-67 4-18-67 4-18-67 4-18-67 5-11-67
5-11-67 5 -12-67 5-12-67 6-1-67 6-2-67 6-22-67
_T_i_d_e_ T_a b_1 e _ Flood -Day High Ebb -Day Flood -Night
High Ebb-Night Flood-Day High Ebb -Day Flood-Day
J if-PlP-L^- -JL
High Ebb-Day Flood-Night High Ebb -Night
N F 1 o o d - i g h t Flood-Night Flood-Night
_C_a_t_c_h
o
1-44 mm. Menhaden 2-16 mm. Billheads
1-16 mm. Needlefish
The latter sampling efforts provided no replication of previously collected species. It would appear the larvae and ju venules disappeared as a heavy silt load occurred from the river dredging. Amphipods, and freshwater shrimp also virtually disappeared from the collections. The brief number of water samples collected on these dates were discarded as many were about 20 percent silt and debris.
VI Recommendations:
1. That studies relari-'e to utilization of the site as a lake for culturing
marine species be discontinued. Salinities are decidely too low with
limited desirable species available and low densities of those desired
species.
2. July or August flooding as a mean of providing a c.irfish fishery in
diked
areas
in
close
proximity
26 }
may
have
some
merit.
S t a t e_
_ JL5_LSiJL_
Project No; F ^ 2 0_^R ^iL-
Job No;
II -1
Project Title Job Title
_Coas L3i_5.iS.i.G._
_Fi^s_h_e_r_ies_
I_n_y_e _s
t_
i_g_^J
i
ojis
_Ma_t u re__S tijPJLd_J^aj>__
Period Covered: _J u lj^J^ l_9_6_7__t _IlLy_lj__L9_6_8_
I Summary: Distribution data for 961 of 1,044 striped bass fingerlings,
adults and sub-adults collected during 1966-67 and 1967-68 is presented. These fish were collected, primarily, electrcfishing 11,5 to 22.25 miles above Tybee Knoll Spit in the three lower rivers of the Savannah System and from 10.3 to 24.5 miles above Ossabaw Sound in the Ogeechee River
System during the period October to mid April. Two hundred seventy-
three of these, ranging from 0.13 to 32.0 pounds, were transported to Lake Blackshear for stocking.
Catch per man -day of effort electrofishing during the 1966-67 period for the Ogeechee and Savannah River Systems was approximately 0.21
and 3,11 fish, respectively. Electrofishing was the most effective collecting
technique tested in 1967-68. The average catch per man-day of effort was 5.07 and 3.67 fish for the Ogeechee and Savannah River Systems, respectively
Stripers were collected most consistently and with least effort at two
locations, the Georgia Power Company hot water discharge in the Savannah Front River, one mile south of Highway 17, and the Seaboard Coastline Railroad tressel in the Savannah Back River, 1.2 miles north of Highway 17-A.
A total of 2,996 fingerlings striped bass were reared from fry obtained by ovulating brood fish collected in this project year.
27
II Background: Georgia has twenty-two large reservoirs comprising 330,000 acres, several of which contain significant populations of gizzard shad. A biological control of this segment of the fish population and a subsequent increase in sport fishing may be possible with the successful establishment of this species. It is presently unknown if reproduction of stripers and consequent recruitment will occur in any of the reservoirs from a few broodfish or if a fishery will necessarily be provided by a w p u t - g r o - t a ke program.
Efforts were initiated to establish this species in Lake Blackshear from sub-adult and adult stocking during 1965-66. A very limited number of areas on the Georgia coast where significant numbers could be collected were determine.d in this initial study year; however, additional information on distribution was obtained each year.
A total of 323 striped bass were collected from various sources and areas during the year prior to this report ( 1966-67 ). One hundred fifty one of these, ranging from 0.6 to 32.0 pounds and averaging about three, were successfully transported to Lake Blackshear and stocked. Distribution studies of the striped bass on the coast and further collecting and stocking in Lake Blackshear was conducted in this project year.
28
Ill Objectives: To collect information on the availability of sub-adult and adult striped bass that could be used for stocking other areas. Additional stated objectibes, procedures and results for Job 1 1 - 1 for the project year 1967-68 are presented in the publication, A Preliminary Report on Fry Production and Rearing of Fingerling Stripe d Bass, Roccus sax_atilis
Walbaum at Richmond Hill Fish Hatchery in Georgia .
IV Procedures:
Cj?21.^c yoji of^dults_and Sub-_Ad_ultS: An e l ectr fi s hing assembly, consisting basically of a 15-foot aluminum jo nrboat and outboard motor,
powered by a three-phase 230 volt AC, 115 volt DC Homelite generator and a 500 volt minimum AC Chenault stepup voltage transformer, was
used extensively for collecting fish for stocking. Set and drift gill nets and hoop nets modified with leads into trap nets were fished also.
Survey areas included Jerico Creek, Gresh, Belfast, Ogeechee, Little Ogeechee, Altamaha, Savannah, Savannah Middle and Savannah Back Rivers and several tidal creeks of each stream.
Stripers collected were retained in concrete fish distribution vats
at Richmond Hill warmwater hatchery one to three days to accumulate a desired number, dipped for 30 seconds in 1:4000 malachite green and transported in a tank truck with agitators and an oxygen supply approximately 185 miles to Lake Blackshear. The water temperature during transport was maintained near 65 F.
Fingerling Rearing and Stocking: A brief section on disposition of fingerlings reared with general information is included herein.
Distribution and collection data in this report will represent the fish stocked in Lake Blackshear, fish preserved for related project studies those tagged and released in the AFS Project, and those utilized in
29
hatchery propagation studies. Several studies were conducted simulanteously and distribution data recorded on all striped bass collected were inseparable.
V Results:
S-2-LL<L2.LL?J1 l_4.^.,i.li_il4_.1^-l^.^.!ilt_?J.
The areas most frequently surveyed are
illustrated in Figures 1 through 4. The most productive sites are indicated,
points of collection for female broodfish taken in the spring of 1968 for
hatchery experiments are indicated on figures 2 and 3.
Table 1 summarizes striped bass sub-adults and adults transported
from Richmond Hill Hatchery in 1966-67 and 1967-68. The group was
comprised of 273 fish, ranging from 0.6 to 25.0 pounds, several mature
males; 3 large spent females above 8.0 pounds and several females that
should be eligable broodfish in 1969 or 1970.
Dates, collection techniques, survey areas, size range, and number
of all fish collected from March 15, 1966 to April 26, 1968 are summarized
in tables 2 through 4.
30
^NC
Boundary of usual sampling area
Productive collecting area
Figure 1
Survey areas for 1965-66 and 1967-68 collection of Striped B a s i raken electrofishing on Gresh River, Belfast River and Jerico Creek
31
(Feb. 14)
Highway 17-A To Savannah
Seaboard Coastline Railroad
Productive Collecting Areas
Female Brood Fish, Number
Collected in 196:
oundary of Usual Collectin; Area
Figure 2:
Survey Areas for 1965-66, and 1967-68 Collection of Striped Bass taken Electrofishing and in Nets in the Savannah Back, Savannah Middle and Savannah Front and Stage of Natural Advancement of Ovaries of 1968 Brood Females,
-32
~
Ogeec he e Canooc hee River
Stage I (Low Transparency) (March 14)
Stage 1^'Opaque) (February 21)
c1
><L^C__
Stage I^Opaque) (March 6)
Productive Collectinj Area
Figure 3 :
Survey Areas for 1965-56., 66-67 and 1967-68 Collecting of Striped Basi Taken Electrofishing and in Nets
m f i o the Ogeechee River and Tributary
Streams and Rockfish Creek Canal and Collecting Site and Stage of Natural Advancement of Ovaries of 1968 Brood females.
33 -
Female Brood Fish Collected in 196:
Boundary of Usual Collecting Area
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Collections were made most effectively el e c t ro f is hi ng . Catch per man day in 1966-67 for the Ogeechee and Savannah systems were approximately 0.21 and 3.11 fish, respectively (table V> ) , Compartively, catches per man day of effort were higher in each river in 1967-68 and averaged 5.07 and 3.67, respectively. The average number per trip for the Ogeechee and Savannah Systems during this period was 17.77 and 12.80, respectively. Significant catches were made with least expanded effort and expense ?.\ the Georgia Power plant on the Savannah Front River and in the vicinity of the Seaboard Coastline Railroad tiessel on the Savannah Back River.
g and F_i_n_g_e_r 1 i_ng_ _R_e_^_r i n g _
S t_o_c k i n _
A total of 4 eat t he r n ponds c o m prising 2\. 5 3 acres were used in
fingerling rearing experiments. Details on production is included in
the publication, A Preliminary Report on Fry Production and Rearing
of Fingerling Striped Bass, |oc_cu_s saxatil is - (Walbaum), at Richmond t
Hill Hatchery in Georgia during 1968.
A total of 2,996 fingerlings (fork length 1.25 and 2.95 inches)
were produced. The combined harvest and holding mortality and
disposition of the fingerlings was as follows:
Date of harvest: May 30, 1968 (48 production days)
Approximate water temperature: 80 F
Total Number Harvested: Day 1 Mortality in Vats;
JLiJJj?
-59
(2 percent)
Day 2 Mortality in Vats:
-46 ( 2 percent)
--1---M2H.^}JHJJL L V a ts i Number restocked at hatchery:
'19. --
4 percent)
(
-211
Number specimens preserved:
-5
- 46 -
Number stocked in Lake Seminole: -1,758 Number stocked in Lake Blackshear; -755
Hauling and slocking survival fur Lake Seminole was 97,2 percent or 1,708 fingerlings. Transport and stocking survival for Lake Blackshear, which received the last fingerlings harvested under more adverse conHiti.nns in the pond was 73,6 percent or 555 fingerlings.
Fork length measurements were made on 183 of the fingerlings that
died, which were considered near representative of the size distribution of the 2,996 and were as follows:
Size (cm)
Number
01 3.2 3.33.4 3.5 3.6 3.73,8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2
1
1
2
1
3
5
Size (cm)
Number
33 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0
4
4
1
5
6
6
5.1
8
5.2 5.3
5
5
Size (cm)
Number
Size (cm)
Number
5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4
12
6
5
5
6 1511
8
9
6
11
1247 01 00 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7,,2 7.3 7.4 7.5
7
2
1
Fingerlings ranged from 3.2 centimeters to 7.6 centimeters (fork length)
and averaged 5.6
VI Recommendations: 1. Stripers are more concentrated in the zone of effective electrofishing of Savannah and Ogeechee systems during the period November to late April. As the water reaches about 55 F . they appear to begin to disperse, ascending the river on the spawning migration. If future collections for stocking are made elect rofishing,
they should be limited to periodic efforts as the hot water discharge in January, February and March and at the railroad truss el on the
47
Back River. 2. Investigations with pound nets as a mthod of collecting adults
and sub-adults should prove more feasible as fewer man days of effort will necessarily be expended. 3. With advanced technology in rearing fingerlings reported
by various states, previous success in Georgia, and considering the extensive expense of obtaining stockings in this manner, it is suggested that future stockings exclude adult and sub-adult
stocking. Collection and hormone spawning of broodfish and
fingerling rearing is feasible.
48
LITERATURE CITED
Tebo, Lee B. and Edward G. McCoy 1964. Effect of Sea-Water Concentration on the Reproduction and Survival of Largemouth
Bass and Bluegill. Progressive Fish Culturist., Vo. 26, pp. 99-106.
Neely, William W. 1962. Saline Soils and Brackish Waters in
Management of Wildlife, Fish and Shrimp. Transactions of the Twenty -Se venth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. March 1962.
Swingle, Homer S. 195 6. Determination of Balance in Farm Fishpond. Transactions of Twenty-First North American Wildlife Conference. March 5-7, Wire Building, Washington,
D .C .
Bearden, Charles M. 1967. Salt-water Impoundments of Game
Fish in South Carolina. Progressive Fish Culturist. Vol. 29, pp. 12 3-128.
Carver, Dudley C. 1966. Distribution and Abundance of the Centratchids in the Recent Delta of the Mississippi River. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of Southeastern
Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, Asheville,
North Carolina. October, 1966
McKee and Wolf 1963. Water Quality Criteria; Resources Agency
of California. State Water Quality Control Boaryd Publication
No. 3 -A, pp. 160-161.
'*
Surber, Eugene W. and Robert A. Taft 1962. Water Quality Criteria for Fresh-water Fishes. Proceedings of Sixteenth
Conference of Southeastern Game and Fish Commissioners,
Charleston, South Carolina. October, 1962. pp. 435-436.
Deubler and White 1962. Postlarvae of Summer Flounder.
Copeia, July 20, 1962. No. 2 pp. 468-469.
49
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