GEORGIA

JANUARY, 1972

Jimmy Carter
Governor
Joe D. Tanner
Director State Game & Fish Department
COMMISSIONERS
James Darby Chairman
Vidalia-1st District
William Z. Camp, Sec. Newnan-6th District
Leo T. Barber, Jr. Moultrie-2nd District
Dr. Robert A. Collins, Jr. Americus-3rd District
George P. Dillard Decatur-4th District
Rankin M. Smith Atlanta-5th District
Judge Harley Langdale Valdosta-8th District
Clyde Dixon Cleveland-9th District
Leonard Bassford Augusta-1Oth District
Jimmie Williamson Darien-Coastal District
TECHNICAL SERVICE DIVISION Jack A. Crockford, Assistant Director
Leon Kirkland, Fisheries Chief Hubert Handy, Game Management Chief
LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION R. K. Fansler, Colonel
Chief of Law Enforcement
Bill Cline, Major Deputy Chief, Northern Region
Calhoun (404) 629-B675
J. D. Atchison, Major Deputy Chief, Southern Region
Metter (912) 685 -2145
David Gould, Major Supervisor of Coastal Fisheries
Brunswick (912) 265-1552

FEATURES

Are You Missing A Bet? . Dean Wohlgemuth 2

Grouse Are Where You Find Them

Aaron Pass 6

Industry Can Do It!

Bob Wilson 10

Rabbit Report

Aaron Pass 14

It's No Joke

Ricky Florea 18

DEPARTMENTS

Outdoor World .

19

Sportsmen Speak

20

Sportsman's Calendar

21

ON THE COVERS
ON THE COVER : The explosive flush of a ruffed grou se is said to cause a more violent excitement reaction than a covey of quail, o b race of w oodcock, and even jumping a buck deer, particularl y if the bird is walked up without the aid of a point dog. Hunting this great game bird is challenging sport, usually rugged and often frus trating, but al w ays rewording. Painting by Duan e Rov er.
ON THE BACK COVER : Hunting quail is a favorite pastime for many Georgians . Among th em is Governor Jimmy Co rter. His busy schedule does n' t prese nt much opportunity, but when he con, the Governor lik es to go afield for small game, particu larly quail and dov es. Find ing a place to hunt is a problem for most small g ame h unters. An ans wer to this p roblem con be found on Pag e 2 of this issue, in an artic le by Dea n Wohlg em uth , " Are You Missing A Be t? " Photo by Dea n Wohlgemuth.

~ Oiiia ofish

January 1972

Volume VII

Number 1

Georgia Game and Fish is the official monthly magazine of the Georgia Game and Fish De partment, publ ished at the Deportment's offices, Trinity -Washington Building, 270 Washington St., Atlanta, Georg ia 30334. No adve rtising accepted. Subscriptions are $1 for one year or $2.50 for three years . Printed by Williams Printing Company, Atlanta, Go . Notification of address change must include old address label from a recent magazine, new address and ZIP code, with 30 days notice. No subscri ption requests will b e acce pted without ZIP code . Articles and photographs may be reprinted when proper credit given. Contributions are welcome, but the editors assum e no res ponsib ility or liabi li ty for lass or damage of articl es, photographs, or illustrations. Second-class postage paid at Atlanta, Go .

PUBLIC RELATIONS STAFF Phone 656 -3530

Dean Wohlgemuth, Chi ef Editor

Bob Wilson Managing Editor

Jim Couch Photographer

Morvin Tye Press Services

Ben Gunn Audio-Visuals

Aaron Pass Special Publications

Circulation Margaret Howard

EDITORIAL

A Purveyor of Weapons?

As I tidy up my shop this morning in preparation for the day's business, I have some thoughts concerning my place in this wo~ld. and my responsibility to it. I sell guns. In the racks that surround me stand many different types of firearms. From an inexpensive single-shot shotgun, a "boy's first gun," to a meticulously handcrafted double costing over $2,000, they are very different in design but similar in function. There are some superbly accurate rifles which are limited only by the shooter's ability to place his shots. There are also several short-barrelled pistols in the glassedin counter which, I admit, are principally designed for the short-range termination of another human being.
A gun is first of. all a weapon, originally designed to serve in hunting, warfare, or personal defense, and although there have been some digressions such as specialized target arms for competition, guns continue to be utilized in these three basic ways. And so it is, I am the purveyor of weapons. Weapons which, according to many, should be outlawed because of the serious social harm arising from their use.
Unending statistics citing the firearms' part in crimes of violence, murders and assaults, accidental deaths, are all used to show that guns are bad and that people should not possess them. This bothers me because all my life I have used and enjoyed firearms; otherwise I would probably be selling automobiles. As a gun user, am I the same type of person as the

man who shot the policeman last week? I hope not. Did that killer buy his gun from me? Again, I hope not. These questions cause me to ponder my wares carefully and wonder how they will be used after I have sold them. Will they be used carefully and legally, as they are intended? I hope so.
That pump gun I sold two days ago for instance; how will it be treated? It was a fine model 12 Winchester, an excellent shotgun that anyone would be proud to own. Will it be well cared for and stored safely in .a secure place as it deserves? Or will the new owner stupidly leave it loaded and standing in a corner or hall closet until someday it is found by a child who thinks it would make a swell toy?
During the deer season, I sell many deer rifles. In this part of the country calibers which push a relatively heavy bullet at a moderate velocity are the most popular because they penetrate brush well. Will the hunters who buy these rifles be real hunters or just killers? Will they have a true appreciation for the game they seek, and respect it enough to wait until they are sure of a well-placed shot? Or will they sit on their stands, nervous and over-anxious, ready to fire at any sound in the brush that might be a deer, but could just as easily be another hunter?
Often a proud father brings his son into my shop to buy that all important first gun; the first real symbol of a boy approaching manhood. Besides

the gun and instruction on how to use it proficiently, the boy should be taught the responsibility he must bear along with the gun. Will the father give the time to undertake this teaching, or will the boy be turned loose to learn on his own?
More and r!Tore people are buying pistols for personal defense. The rise in violent crime is frightening, and leads people to purchase guns so that they can travel and inhabit their own homes in a state of "protected" fright. Who am I to blame them, I carry a gun .myself, not knowing when the police-killer might decide to switch to gunshop clerks. It is on this point the people who oppose the private ownership take their strongest stand, saying that if guns were illegal, everyone would be safe. Am I to suppose that a criminal, who would attack me, would not have a gun because it is illegal? I'm not yet ready to sacrifice myself for another's dream of Utopia.
A gun is basically just a machine which throws balls; it has no reason nor conscience. It can be misguided, true, but this guidance must come from the hands that hold it. Like many other things, a gun has the potential for both good and evil, depending entirely upon its use. Do I add to criminal violence by selling guns? Are guns bad? I think not, since a gun has no morality. Only man has a sense of morality, or a lack of it, and it is man's lack of morality which leads to fiream misuse and criminal violence.

Are You Missing A Bet?
Managed Small Game Hunts May Be The Answer
Photo by Ted Borg
By Dean Wohlgemuth
Looking for a place to hunt small game? Maybe you've overlooked the 37 State Game Management Areas and four Public Hunting Areas.
Deer areas? Yes. Because these are woodland areas and very well suited to deer management, and because deer require more management than do small game species, emphasis on management has been on deer. Yet there is considerable small game bunting on these lands.
The management areas include a total of 1,114,800 acres, most of which have some small game bunting allowed each year. What species are available is determined largely by which section of the state an area i in. For example, if you're after grouse, don't bother to head to ~0uth Georgia . . . the grouse are in the mountains . Similarly, if you want quail , the mountain areas aren't the answer.
Now that the deer hunts are over for the year, most of the management areas are open on specified days for small game hunts. Also, the public hunting areas are open for whatever game is open statewide. In many cases, no permit and no fee are required for small game hunting.
Squirrel hunters in particular will find a mecca for seeking their quarry. The huge timber stands to be
A favorite quarry of small game hunters, young or old, is Mr. Bushytail himself. He's abundant in most of the state's game management areas, more prominently in the mountains, but along rivers and swamps in other parts of th e state. He's just one of several species awaiting the small game h1mter in the management areas.
2

Food plots ad;acent to woods provide top notch habitat for farm gam e species such as doves, quail and rabbits. Th e Gam e and Fish Department prepares and plants food plots in gam e managem ent areas, to provide good hunting for th e sportsman who '"has no place to hunt."

found on management areas provide ample and excellent habitat for this species, from one end of the state to the other.
Two areas are managed primarily for waterfowl huntin g. The e include the Altamaha Public Hunting Area and the Seminole Public Hunting Area.
Butler Island Area , in the center of the Altamaha Area, offers the duck hunter everything he needs. The fee of 5 includes transportation to the blind , a boat, decoys and the blind. Applications must be made before the ea on , howeve r vacancies will be allotted on a fir t come-first served basis. Butler is open only on Saturd ays during the regular duck season.
Surwunding Butler Island , the Altamaha Area is

open for duck hunting every day of the season. No permit or fee is required, and hunters must furnish their own equipment, including boats and decoys.
With deer and turkey populations pretty well established in the management areas, these areas will probably soon be open for longer and more small game hunts. Pl ans are to have whole weeks at a time open for small game, rather th an several one-day-a-week hunts. This is ex pected to produce better hunting, with bigger game bags for the hunter.
Actu all y, managed small ga me hunts have gone beggi ng in Georgia, while s'mall game hunters are anxiously ea rching for a place to go.
If more hunters would utilize the available small

3

While managem ent areas are predominantly forest land, and th erefore best for deer and squirrel, many of th e managem ent areas have sections where the timber has been harvested so as to leave relatively open fields. Th ese fields, particularly on th e edges near the woods, are excellent habitat for doves, quail and rabbits ... and th ey also provide food for forest gam e.
Rushes and marsh grass in th e A ltamah a Public Huntin g A rea pro vide a natural blind for duck hunters. Waterfowlers who go to th e coast will find good shooting. There is also a public waterfowl hunting area at Lake Seminole.
game hunting on management areas, game managers wou ld be more inclined to work toward providing small game hunting, according to Hubert Handy, Ch!ef of Game M anagement for the D epartment.
" If we go to the effort and expen e of making these hunts ava ilabl e and no one goes, we tend to think that th ere is no desire or need for such hunt ," Handy sa id. " We beg in to feel th at hunters don 't want to use management area for small ga me hunting. "
Wh y hunters should stay away from managed areas is a my tery to the Department . Most are operi without fee and permit, and when a fee is charged, it is only $2 , exce pt in th e ca e of th e $5 Butler Island duck huntin g fee where everything is provided.
Th e rea o n probabl y stems from the fact th at many hunters don 't know what i avai lab le. Others may have been un ucce sful the fir t time out, and felt the hunting wasn 't worthwhile. In this case , most of the unsucce ful hunters obviously needed to learn more about how to hunt the particul ar speci es they sought.
An art icl e in th e 1anu ary, 1971 , GAME & FISH, entitl ed " Qu ai l for You ," brought a very wide re pon e, proving th at indeed there is a very great need for public ma ll ga me hunting. Doze ns of hunters flocked to the area on the days it wa open for the rema ind er of the hunting seaso n. M any found good hunting.
Quite a lot of them, however, came away di sappointed . Why? Observations b y D epartment personnel
4

indicated that most hunters who failed either didn't put out the effort to hunt the rugged terrain , or were definitely in need of more knowledg~ a~out hu~ting the variou pecies. Man y hunted quail without bird dogs. Other tayed only along the road s, hunting areas which
had already been hunted that day. At thi point, it should be emphasized that the only
dog allowed during small game hunts are pointing dogs for quail and grou e. No rabbit dogs are allowed. This is because rabbit dogs will readily cha e deer, often leaving the trail of a rabbit to do o. Bird dogs-pointing breed -a re trained to tay clo e to their masters and remain under their control , while trail dogs may work far out of sight. In a few special hunts , coon dogs may be u d on raccoon hunts.
Out of necessity, all man agement areas are largely timbe r land , since this i all that is available to the D partme nt for use in public hunting. However, several of these a rea do have some open acreage, mostly where timber ha been clear-cut. Management areas from the Piedmont ection of the state southward have food

plots, pl anted for small ga me management purposes.

Areas north of there, in the mountains, have good

hunting for grouse, and excellent squirrel hunting.

Areas th at have some open acreage good for quail

and rabbit hunting include Piedmont E xperiment Sta-

tion, O aky Woods, Cedar Creek, Ocmulgee, and Su-

wanoochee. R ye and millet have been planted on these

and other central and so uthern areas, providing food

for farm game , such as qu ail , rabbits and doves .

Along the coast, qu ail and rabbit hunting is very good

on managemen t areas . Squirrel hunting is confined

largely to river swamps and hardwood areas.

Complete lists of management areas, directions on

how to reach them, and a chedule of the days they

are open, are included in the current Management

Area R egulation Booklet available from all Game and

Fi h offices.

If you're one of those who feel there are too few

pl ac to hunt small game, and you 've been passing up

Geo rgi a's Game Man agement Area small game hunts,

you've bee n missing a b t.

.-

5

GROUSE ARE WHERE YOU FIND THEM

By Aaron Pass
Photos by the Author
6

H igh in the Blue Ridge and Cohutta Mountains in th e northern part of the state lives one of the most esteemed game birds of North America , the ruffed grouse. Limited to these high elevations for reasons really known only to the grouse, the population of these birds isn't really large but sufficient for the few hunters who expend the effort to seek them. Considerable effort is invclved too because it takes hard hunting over equ ally hard terrain to bag this wary and elu-

ive bird. In other parts of the country where grouse are hunted, it's not quite the up and down affair that it is in the southern Appalachians, but even so, the nature of good grouse habitat makes grouse hunting
tough hunting. The object of this madness (and there is an element
of madness about every tru~ grouse hunter) is a brownmottled bird about the size of a bantam chicken. The wing-span is about 25 inches, and the bird is about 18 inches long including tail feathers 4~ to 71/z inches in length. On either side of the neck are patches of dark brown or black feathers which form a ruff giving the bird a portion of its name. In the spring courting ritual , the ruffs are extended and the tail fanned as the ruffed grouse, escounced on a log or stone, "drums" with rapid wingbeats to attract the attention of his lady. The sound resembles the progressively increasing tempo of a drum roll and this annual performance accounts for the nickname of "drummer," one of the many localized nicknames for the bird. It also accounts for
the Latin name Bonasa (comparing the drumming 19
the bellow of a buffalo) and umbellas which refers to the umbrella-like ruff.
Other regional nicknames include ruff, partridge, or imply "pat" in the Northeast and Great Lake states where the grouse is regarded as the ultimate game bird. In the South, however, partridge is reserved for quail

and grouse are often known as "mountain pheasant." "Fool hen" was another name that was at one time
descriptively used to identify the ruffed grouse. When white men first arrived in the New World , grouse were so naive that they would sit still and allow themselves to be clubbed to death by colonial hunters. After hundreds of years of hunting this trait has become less common , but some remote areas are still said to harbor grouse this trusting. The grouse of the east, whether southern or northern, are now well educated to men, dogs and gunfire and provide some of the toughest wingshooting possible.
Grou se are not particularly fast flying birds and much prefer to walk or run from trouble rather than fly . When flight is necessary, however, the grouse is equally at home in the air. Taking off with an unnerving roar, the bird appears to have a jet assist and he is a past master at dodging around obstacles. The forest habitat which the birds prefer gives them a wide choice of obstacles, and many an experienced grouse shooter kiddingly advises novices to "shoot just before you see 'em."
Grouse are classified as forest game, but this is a partial misnomer. While grouse are occasionally found in the deep woods, they tend to prefer the brushy edges around clearings where they find their preferred foods such as insects and fruits in summer or buds and certain leaves in winter. It has been theorized that the

Grouse usually flush with a roar of wings but they can take off and fl y as silently as owls. In the picture below the bird allowed the hunter and dog to pass before flushin g quietly and making it safely out of range.

7

A good dog contributes a great deal to the en joy m ent of th e hunt, and to its success. G ood gro use dogs are scarce, and a rea lly great one is a rea l rarity.

pioneers made a significant contributio n to grouse range when they cleared portio n o f the virgin forest to establi h farm s. Even today good gro use hunting is often fo und aro und o ld deserted clea ring reverting to forest which prov ides th ~ variety of food plants gro use utilize .
In more ex tensive fo rest areas grou se h abit at can be a id ed by th oughtfu l lumbering practices. Timber h arvests, parti cul arly clea r-cutting open up the tree canopy and allow bru h to sprout from the fo rest fl oor. This, li ke any other good practice, can be carried too fa r tho ugh and th e gro use and oth er forest game benefit far more from several small cuts rath er th an o ne. larg(! one. An oth er fo rest practice th at is poor for grouse (a nd ju t abo ut everything else) is the conversion of hard wood stand s to the more economical conifers, such as pine. A pure pine tand i a poor area for wildlife and grows worse each year after the trees reach pole ize. T he future of r uffed gro use depends on the land use practices in it habitat, and considering the bird's limited range in thi s state o nly a few environ mentally destructive practice could cause significant losses.
Th ere is a certa in look to good grouse cove r that is ha rd to describe or lea rn except by experience. It's open, but it' not; it's brushy, but it isn't. There is u uall y orne break in the surrounding monotony of th e fores t uch as a tone or brush pile, or an old wash, a logging road , etc., which to the experienced eye spell s G-R-0-U-S-E. Spring seeps and the fla ts along streams are usuall y good in the outhern mountain s, particul arly if th ere arc foo d pl ants nea rby. A ny brushy ope ning where natural fo rest succession is taking pl ace, uch as a deserted fa rm , a clear-cut or old burn, is

A lunch break gives a welcome rest after tramping
up and dOIVII moun tains all m orning, and a bit of refreshment do es IVonders to revive both man and dog. T his terrain is typical
of th e high moun tain " flats" th at are often productive of birds.
potential grou se cove r and should be thoroughly wo r ked.
Grou se rarely range more th an a half mile so they are tied to the food sources within this area. Some hunters, without a dog, attempt to utilize the bird's food preferences as an indicator of where the birds can be fo und . G ro use, on the other hand , aren't finick y and eat just about everything. One study in P ennsylvania showed utilizatio n of approxim ately 994 species of plants by grouse. W ild grapes, wintergreen, apples, and laurel leaves are all favorite and hunting near such a fo od is always a good bet.
Since the range of grou se food is so incredibly d iverse, many hunters are doubtful of the long quoted tradition th at a dogless hunter who knows grouse food has the key to success. A ctu ally those hunters who know the food so urces also probably have a good working knowledge of the gro use in the area that they are hunting. Thi combination of kno wledge of grouse food and habits is the key to successful hunting.
Many grouse hunters swea r by dogs , while others swear at them. This is forever a bone of contention where bird hunters gather. Most agree that a great dog adds to th e hunt (great grouse dogs come along about once or may be twice in th e lifetime of a hunter), bu t many say th at even an average dog is better th an no dog. Th e grouse dog is a speciali st, not likely to be useful on ph easant or quail, therefore many hunters ca n't afford to keep such a single-purpose anim al. The E nglis h setter is the traditional favo rite in grouse covers. Irish and Gordon setters were at one time standard, but bench breeding which ignored hunting skills and

8

the general desire for wide-ranging dogs has led to a decline in the use of these breeds. While fast dogs are preferred by some, others want a slow, close working dog such as the Brittany Spaniel and German Short-
h air. The subject of guns and shot sizes for grouse, Eke
th e discussion of dogs , is likely to start an argument among hunters. Some prefer 12 gauge with No. 6 shot, while others insist that a 20 with No. 7 112 or No. 8 is plenty of gun. Probably more important than gauge, would be the handling qualities of the gun. A Eght, fas t handling gun is the best for scoring on the rapidly dodging birds, and since most birds are seen at short range an open choke is a definite advantage. Shot size sh ould be dictated by what performs best in your gun. Mo t grouse shooting is snap shooting and the hunter who is familiar with his weapon will have the best chance. In event of a miss, watch the bird; since grouse don't fly very far, the bird can perhaps be reflushed later for another shot.
To classify the grouse as an upland game bird is

doubly apt in Georgia. The grouse range in the mountains goes up-and up-and on up. It is rugged hunting and physically taxing so weight should be kept to a minimum. A light gun, shells, a light lunch and food for the dog are about all that's needed for a day's hunt. Even in cold weather the hunter should not dress too warmly since the exertion of clambering up and down hill all day will keep one quite warm. Boots should be light and uninsulated, the best soles are rugged crepe composite with a definite heel to dig in on down-slopes . Leather soles are atrocious in the mountains unless the hunter would rather ski than hunt.
Grouse hunting is hunting in its truest sense. The hunter walks (and climbs) rugged miles over unspeakable terrtain for the relatively rare reward of a flushed grouse. He sees about half the birds flushed and has a decent shot on about half of these (any grouse in shotgun range is a decent shot). If he is a good shot and has a good day, he might hit one bird out of three shot at. This is undoubtedly madness, but. it's happy madness.

9

INDUSTRY AN DO IT!

"At the beginning of this project, I instructed our own employees, our engineering firm and our consultants that when designing the system for the treatment of our wastes, they observe not only the letter of the laws of Georgia and the community, but the spirit of the law as well."
-Howard D. Epstein President, Interstate Paper Corporation

By Bob Wilson
to find good fishing in an industrial water-treatment pond? Down in Riceboro, Georgia, employees of Interstate Paper Corporation do, and take good strings of fat fish from a portion of the kraft paper mill's water treatment facility, and find the fish delicious! Waste water from cotton and paper mills is frequently blamed for fish kills or waters so polluted that fish are unfit to eat; but things don't have to be that way.
It is easy these days to find industry spokesmen bemoaning the pressure of "emotional environmentalists." They talk of over-reaction, emotionalism, and a lack of thorough investigation and sound planning before pointing an accusing finger at industry as an unthinking and uncaring major contributor to today's pollution woes. All too often it seems that these protestations are simply a smoke-sreen delaying tactic calculated to buy time in the hope that the current public interest in ecological matters will soon pass.
This makes it all the more noteworthy when one company takes the pollution problem seriously, accepts responsibility for its actions and moves ahead to meet and eliminate the problem. Interstate Paper Corporation, with a mill at Riceboro, Georgia, is such a compny. Interstate has satisfied the requirements established by the State Water Quality Control Board and has exceeded some, and continues resarch into potential pollution problems connected with the operation of the mill.
Georgia has its share of industries that are guilty of wholesale degradation of the environment, and cotton

and paper mills, as a group, lead the pack. Georgia has escaped much of the serious pollution problems suffered by many of the industrial states to the north by virtue of a kind of benign neglect. But more and more industries are finding it in their best interests to move to Georgia or open a regional plant here. Industrial polluti on is already with us and the potential exists for it to get much worse.
In 1965, R. S. ' Rock" Howard of the Georgia Water Quality Control Board laid down rigid standards for the protection of the environment when Interstate sought to build its mill at Riceboro. The requirements set by Howard were more stringent than any previous restrictions on industrial pollution. Howard turned down three separate plans that Interstate put forward to meet the anti-pollution requirements. Fortunately for everyone concerned, engineers and consultants at Interstate came up with a fourth plan which received approval. Interstate got approval for their plant site, the local economy got a boost, new jobs were created, and the coastal marshlands were protected.
Interstate did , of course, have an advantage in meeting anti-pollution sta ndards in that it was possible to incorporate pollution abatement req uirements into the initial planning and construction of the plant at Riceboro. The compa.ny has done more than was required by the Water Quality Control Board and has insta11ed several safety devices and back-up systems to prevent even accidental pollution spills.
Interstate funded a four-year study conducted by the University of Georgia M arine Institute at Sapelo Island to search for any adverse effects caused on the shrimp, oysters and other marine life of the orth Newport River, St. Catherine's Sound and adjacent estaurine waters. The study could uncover no adverse effects. In fact, according to plant manager William Verross,

the treated mill effluent has a higher oxygen content and is clearer to the eye when it is discharged than the waters of Riceboro Creek into which it is released.
Water pours from the kraft mill a dark chocolate color, and the first step in making the water fit for the environment is the removal of the color. In developing an effective system for this color removal, Interstate was assisted by a federal grant from the Water Quality Administration to help defray initial construction costs. Of the $2.7 million company officials estimate pollution controls have cost at the mill site, the federal funds have provided Jess than $.5 million.
After color removal and primary treatment, the water moves into a 650-acre oxidation lake. Long dikes almost cut the lake into smaller ponds and force the water to zig-zag across the lake several times before it reaches the outfall at Riceboro Creek. As a sort of early-warning system, Interstate has stocked this lake with bass and bream. A sudden fish kill in the lake would signal that something had gone amiss, and the outflow could be cut off.
The fish seem to thrive on the aquatic life in the pond, and mill employees enjoy the side benefit of fishing privileges in the Jake. Unfortunately, insurance requirements have caused the company to limit the fishing to employees only by permit. A log-book, or register kept as a record of permits and fishing activity on the lake, shows fishing varies from fair to excellent, and a lot of fish have come out of the lake in the past year.
Unhappily, fishing in Interstate's treatment lake eventually may have to be eliminated. Mill officials face the poss ibility of having to remove the fish at orne point because the oxidation Jake may not be able to continue to support fish life while performing its primary purpose: that of biological stabilization of

12

Many of these pipes and towers, related to the plants pollution con trol program, are not required to meet the Georgia Water Quality Control Board standards, but have been installed by company officials to "observe not only th e letter of th e laws of G eorgia and th e community, but th e spirit of th e la w as well."

waste water from the mill. This possibility has come about by the use, starting early this year, of aged stumpwood as a secondary source of wood fiber, replacing and conserving substantial quantities of trees from the
living forest . The processing of stumpwood has doubled the pol-
lution load going into the treatment lake and is requiring more and more of the lake's capacity to assimilate and neutralize oxygen-consuming materials in the water. As a consequence, the entire lake area is increasingly needed to assure that the oxygen content of the water is near saturation before it is released into the receiving stream. "The objective of our treatment system, including the oxidation lake, is to see that our treated effluent meets state standards and in no way harms the waters of the streams into which we discharge," Verross says. "That objective will continue to be met."
Other wildlife is attracted by the lake, too. Deer tracks can be found along the five-mile shoreline almost any morning. Watrefowl find the rich, shallow lake well suited to their needs. Ducks and graceful wading birds are frequent visitors in the fall and winter months.
As Verross points out, the mill is not there to create fishing facilities or to win awards such as that recently awarded the company by the Sports Foundation for outstanding water pollution prevention during 1970. The purpose of the mill is to operate efficiently and profitably. Significantly, this hasn't been looked at as an "either . .. or" proposition.
Interstate Paper Corporation has proven that pollution effluent from a kraft paper mill can be successfully cleaned up and not simply dumped into the nearest tream or lake. Of chief importance is the fact that the treatment of its waste water does not keep the mill from showing a profit or remaining competitive. -

~,

Bill Bates hooks a frisk y bream in the lower bay of the water treatment pond, and adds th e fish to his stringer. Plant employees report that the fish tastes fine, too!
?hoto by Bob Wilson
j=
I
13

Br'er Rabbit has always been popular with G eorgia hunters, from bank presiidents to farm boys. A decline in this species pro voted widespread concern and stimulated ta study on th e state's rabbit population.

Photo by Ted Borg

RABBIT REPORT
t4

By Aaron Pass
IT ee ms th at hardl y a day goes by
during hunting season without someo ne commenting th at there seem to be fewer rabbits th a n there used to be. R abbit hunters naturally want to know why, a nd wh a t could be do ne to reve rse th e tre nd .
R esponding to growing inquiries by sportsmen, the G ame and Fi h De partme nt fin anced a stud y of cotto ntail rabbit from 1965- 19 68. T he stu dy was ca rried out by Dr. Mich ael Pelto n (now as istant professor o f fo restry at th e U nive rsity o f T ennesee), Dr. J a mes Je nkin s a nd Dr. D. E. Provost (both professor o f wildli fe ma nage me nt a t the Uni ve rsity of Geo rgia). Th e res ults of this study

were publi hed in G eo rgia GAME & FISH in December of 1968. It fo und that indeed there were less rabbits than there used to be.
The real significance of the study wa not that it "di covered" an obvious decline in the rabbit population , but that it contributed a great dea l to th e understanding of why the decline was occurring. The basis of the decline, according to the tudy, wa that rabbit habitat h as declined. Quite simpl y thi s mea ns that rabbits we re running out of a pl ace to live. There were other factors , of course, all of which were studied , but the Jo s of suitable habitat seems to be the root of the rabbit problem in Georgia. In addition to pointing out th at cottontails were experiencing a hou ing shortage, the study yielded valu able insight into the other m ajor factors governing rabbit populations .
The Georgia rabbit study agreed with many other wildlife tudies, that natural predation is not a significant factor in cau ing a drastic decline in a pecie if good habitat i available . It is indicated that natural predators

in an area contribute to healthy game populations in several ways. Predators such as hawk , owls, foxes, etc., tend to prey mai nly on small rodents such as field mice and cotton rats which compete with the rabbit for food and cover. The predators can also prevent the outbreak of disea e, such as tularemia , by elimin ating prime carriers uch as cotton rats, removing diseased rabbits, a nd keeping the population within healthy limits.
Predation by free-ranging dogs and cats is a more critical problem for seve ral reasons. Th ey are more numerous th an w ild predators, they tend to be concentrated in smaller areas, and becau e of thei r association with man they will not leave an area when the prey popul ation drops.
Para ites and di ease become important limiting factors when a population exceeds its natural limits due to a lack of natural predation, or harve t by man . In rabbits, the best example is tularemia, sometimes called rabbit fever.
Tularemia and other forms of dis-

ease are not bl amed for the rabbit decline since popul ation density over the state is not sufficient to cause an o utbreak of epidemic proportions. The rabbits have also declined at a slower rate than would be evident if di ease were the major facto r.
Overharvest by man can cause a decline in rabbit poul ation s in certain spec ial cases. In an area in which th e habitat is poor and the rabbits are already in trouble, they can be hunted or trapped out. However, it ha been demonstrated that in areas of good habitat it is almost impo sible to deplete a rabbit population by sport hunting.
Habitat seems to be the crux of the rabbit decline. A human poplation shift from farm to urban areas has created a two edged attack on rabbit habitat. The farms have reverted to forest , and the expanded urban areas and attendant developments have removed large tracts of rabbit-prvducing land.
Rabbits are creatures of the "edge," that is, they prefer the brushy fallow area where the forest gives way to

Th ese hunters are working through prime rabbit habitat in an old field lying fallow and grown up to brush. In a few years th e fo rest will reclaim such 011 area, making it less suitable for rabbits.

15

fi eld s. (See "Better Habitat for Better Hunting," Georg ia GAME & FISH, April, 1971.) This bru h provide rabbits with food , cover from their en ~ mi e and a place to rear their yo ung.
The forest provid es little food or cover after the mature tree canopy shade the ground , elimin ating any significa nt bru sh growth. The new forestry concept of even-age m anagement a nd the practice of clea r-cutting may be a parti al an wer to this problem , provided e cape cove r is prese nt. A cl a r-cut open up the fore t, allowin g regeneration in bru h, and creating good habitat for rabbits for five to even year . After th at time it is no longe r good rabbit h a bitat, due to th e maturing of th e forest.
La nd owne r who would l ike more rabbit o n th e ir land ca n improve the hab itat wi th little troubl e. Leav ing a few bru hy, fallow pot around the

fie ld s, a nd a few bru hpiles can do

a lot for the rabbit population . Strips

alo ng fence rows, ditche , a nd wood-

lot edges are the places which can be

utilized without losing a ny cropland.

A few food strips near th e cover areas

will also pay divid end in cottontails .

O ats , wheat lespedeza , and clover are

all good bunn y food. Th ese food plot

a nd cover a reas produce best when

they are pread a round an area rather

than concentrated.

The cottontail rabbit is a prolific

a nim al a nd m a inta in hi s own popu-

latio n quite well where their is ample

h abitat. It is tru e tha t rabbits are not

a ple ntiful now as they were when

agriculture wa the eco nomic m ain-

tay of the sta te, but the population

ee ms to be doing well in the areas

which c rve their needs. The best

thing ma n can do is recognize these

needs and manage hi la nd in uch a

way as to provide for them.

-

This bunn y is in some prime escape cover that serves as
his protection against enemies. If a predator approach es
from one side, Mr . Rabbit makes it out the back way. This
protection is necessary to a good
rabbit population and as farmlands revert to for est or to
clean , intensive agriculture, brush piles and thickets
are becoming more scarce.

Dr. Pelton sets a "rabbit box" to take live specim ens for study of th eir ph ysical condition. Such research is importan t sin ce th e condition of th e individual rabbits captured will be indicati ve of th e population at large.

16

Photo by Bob Wilson
17

It's No Joke!
By Ricky Florea
About the Author
R ICKY FLOREA

Whe n Rick y Florea, 15 , of Stone Mo untain isn't hunting or fi hing, he's thinking about it. He pa rti cu larly lik e hunting for quirrels, dove and quail , and fi hing in small creek and ponds close to home.
Ri cky was born in Florida, but moved to th e Atlanta a rea a t age 2. The tudent of Stone Mountai n Hi gh Schoo l hopes to find a career for himself in conservation work.

Laugh a nd brag a bout ge tting away with hooti ng over the limit? Let's get o ne thing traight . .. it's no joke!
Sure, the re a re lot of people who wi ll break th e law whe n they can get away with it , and the n brag about wha t they have done. Th ey la ugh a nd joke abo ut it , a nd maybe the ir friend think it's funny , too.
Let s hope that omcday, befo re too lo ng, those who do take over the limit, o r take game out of ea on , wi ll find a wi ldli fe ranger look ing over their hou lde r. A ranger, however, has a lot of territory to cover. chances a re good th at Jawbreakers wi ll eve ntu a ll y be caught, but r a nge rs can 't watch everybody a ll the time .
Hunte rs hou ldn't keep within th e law s impl y becau se of th e danger of being caught, anyway. There are far better rca o n for obeyi ng the law.
Look at it thi s way . . . you lik e to hunt , don't yo u? We ll , how long wo uld you lik e to hunt? T oday? How a bout tom o rrow? And nex t week? ex t yea r? Ten or 20 years from now?

Lf yo u're eriou about hunting and wa nt to continue to enjoy it , that hould be rea on enough to obey the law. Suppo e eve ryone di regarded hunting and fi hing regulation . ln a very short time, you wou ldn't have to worry a bout where to fi sh or hunt .. . because the re wou ld be no hunting or fi hin g.
It's very important to rea lize th at law a re no t made si mpl y to prevent us fro m doing what we wa nt to do. Laws arc made to make certain that there will alway be a continuing crop o f wi ldli fe. Seaso n a nd bag limits a re set so th a t the natural urplu s of game will be harvested. Thi leave e nough ga me. o th at natural reproducti o n will keep ga me popul atio ns continuing at a good level, providing plenty of hunting for everyo ne.
It takes tea mwork . . . teamwork o n you r pa rt , and on the part of the State G a me a nd Fi h D epartment. Working to ~e th e r, we can always have good hunting. Every time so meo ne fail to do hi s share howeve r, eve ryo ne is hurt.

You say that so many people take more th an th e limit th at you should be able to do so, too . We ll , most people tay within the law . So let's lurn it a round ... most people obey the law, why shouldn't you? And don't forge t, those th at don 't make it ha rde r for you to have a good day afield .
Well , yo u say, ince most p eople obey the law, maybe it doesn't hurt o much for me, just one person , to go over the bag limit just a little bit. You ay that you don't always get yo ur limit , and besides, yo u don't get to go hunting very often . Sure ly it doesn't hurt to go over the limit just thi once.
Come on, now. You know better. If yo u break the law once it's easier to do it agai n . . . and aga in . Bag limits a re not set as a gua ra ntee of succe s. It doesn't ass ure you the right to take o much ga me for eve ry day yo u hunt . D ai ly limits are ju t th a t . . . the max imum a mount of ga me yo u can take in one day of hunting. Your ch a nces of getting a

18

full limit are taken into consideration when limits are set by Game and Fish
Department officials. But, you say, you're just one per-
son. How much damage can just one person do? Think again. Everyone who hunts is just one person. Everytime a single person breaks the law, there is more and more pressure on wildlife, and everyone's chances are hurt for having a good day next
time. Remember, you're part of the team.
If you don't do what you're supposed to, everyone on the team is hurt. Have you ever seen a football game where a ball .carrier seemed sure to make a good run, then an opposing player came, apparently out of nowhere, to make a tackle? How did he get there? The answer is easy . . . someone on the ball carrier's team didn't do his job. Your team was hurt.
Now you say you didn't know the law. You didn't know what the limit was, or the season, or other regulations.
That's no excuse. You went to the trouble to find a place to hunt, you got a gun, and learned how to use it. Jt takes very, very little trouble to learn what the regulations are. That's your responsibility. You can always get the latest regulation booklet by writing or phoning the Game and Fi h Department. The address and phone number are in the front of thi magazine. If you don't have one, a k for one ... right away!
Do you want your team to win or

the
OUTDOOR WORLD

DR. MARLAND NAMED DIRECTOR OF MARSHLAND PROTECTION
Dr. Frederick Charles Marland has been appointed Director of Marshland Protection, and assumed his duties on December 1. Marland will advise the Coastal Mashlands Protection Agency, the Game and Fish Department and other state agencies and organizations concerned with the protection and development of the marshlands.
"I believe that a man of Dr. Marland's caliber will provide a valuable service to the people of Georgia," Game and Fish Director Joe D. Tanner said. "He will provide scientific investigations of projects proposed to

lose? Do you want to keep hunting

and fishing, and have good hunting

and fishing? Then you'll have to do

your job as a team member.

If you don't, it won't be funny. If

you're caught, and have to pay a fine,

you won't be laughing then. Even if

you're not caught, it will hurt you.

Laws aren't for fun ... and that's no

joke!

-.

the Coastal Marshlands Protection

Agency, and he will give scientific

advice to the Game and Fish Depart-

ment on matters concerning the

marshes."

The Georgia Coastal Marshlands

Protection Agency is an autonomous

division of the Game and Fish De-

partment and is empowered to issue

permits, obtain injunctions, set pen-

alties and to provide for policing. Its

main function is to grant a uniform

protection to Georgia's marshlands

and insure an orderly development

of the area without damaging the

nat~ral habitat. The Mashland Agen-

cy IS composed of seven members:

Director of Game and Fish, Execu-

tive Director of Ocean Science Cen-

ter of the Atlantic, Executive Secre-

tary of Georgia Water Quality Con-

trol Board, Executive Director of

Georgia Ports Authority, Director of

Georgia Department of Industry and

Trade, the Attorney General and Di-

rector of Coastal Area Planning and

Development Commission.

A native of North Andover, Mas-

sachusetts, he received B.S. degrees

in biology and mathematics from

Union College in Barbourville, Ken-

tucky, in 1955. He received his M.S.

in oceanography from Texas A & M

in 1958 and Ph.D. in limnology from

Virginia Polytechnic IJ)stitute in 1967.

Dr. Marland, his wife, Sarita, and

their children, Vanessa and Ross re-

side on Sapelo Island.

'

Bob Baker of the Georgia Game

and Fish Department will continue

to serve as Executive Secretary to the

Marshland Agency. Application for

permits should be presented to Bob

Baker, Executive Secretary, Coastal

Marshlands Protection Agency, 270

Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta,

Georgia 30334- (404) 656-3534.

' "-~; .::: ..:::-:,;:.

-Marvin Tye

;::i~:if.~ ~- ~

:'::~!:" . 1 '
---- t. ~ .... JO+-.

---~

W''M et ....

19

Book Reviews

HoME BooK oF TAXIDERMY AND

TANNING

By Gerald J. Grantz

Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Penn-

sylvania. 160 pages, $7.95.

If the number of inquiries received

at the Public Relations office at the

Game and Fish Department is any in-

dication, a lot of people think they

would like to tan or preserve a deer

hide or the skin of a small animal.

Many are discouraged when they learn

that tanning is something of a long,

drawn-out process. Some things take

time, and tanning is one of them.

A few of the more adventuresome

types would like to try their hand at

taxidermy and actually mount their

trophies themselves. More often than

not, a disastrous first attempt either

causes them to give up the whole

project or search out more informa-

tion on the subject.

The HoME BooK OF TAXIDERMY

AND TANNING, by Gerald J. Grantz,

contains a wealth of information for

anyone who wants to do it himself in

a minimum of time. One very good

incentive for doing it yourself is the

six months to a year delay in having

tanning or taxidermy done commer-

cially.

Grantz takes the reader step-by-

step through tanning and mounting,

giving a wealth of helpful tips and

listing the necessary formulas. From

making buckskin to tanning, to mount-

ing a trophy or preserving a snake

skin, and everything in between,

Grantz covers it all.

-B.W.

* * *
HoME BooK oF SMOKE-cooKING

MEAT, FISH & GAME

By Jack Sleight and Raymond Hull

Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Penn-

sylvania. 160 pages, $7.95.

Included in the reawakened interest

for things and processes of old is the

art of smoke-cooking. Those who take

a certain pride in having done it them-

selves include many outdoorsmen.

Even those in the chairbound, foot-

ball-on-TV bunch long for a plentiful

supply of those spicy smoke-cured

strips of meat called jerky that goes

perfectly with their favorite beverage.

With proper smoke-cooking, the

hunter or hiker will always have a

light pocketful or chewy jerky to give

him energy throughout a long day's

tramp, and the trout fisherman can

prepare himself a veritable gourmet

feast at streamside or safely preserve

his fish for later cooking at home. The HoME BooK oF SMOKE-cooK-
ING MEAT, FISH & GAME, by Jack Sleight and Raymond Hull, tells the novice just how to get started. Surprisingly, it really isn't very difficult to turn out delicious smoked foods.
Detailed instructions are given for the construction of various types of smoke ovens from simple temporary "field expedient"' smoking set-ups to an elaborate brick smoke oven and barbecue pit. Also helpful, are some tips on boning out meat and filleting fish, starting a charcoal fire, and seasoning.
The book is a must if you want to get involved in smoke-cooking food with assurance of success.
-B.W.
GROUSE AND G*RO*USE*HUNTING
By Frank Woolner. 192 pp., $7.50, Crown Publishers
A practical how-to manual on grouse hunting, a layman's text on the ruffed grouse, and an excellent piece of upland hunting l_iterature ... GROUSE AND GROUSE HUNTING combines all of these into a single volume by Frank Woolner. It is a book about grouse hunting written for grouse hunters by one of their own kind, who just happens to be a top-notch writer. Woolner's practical suggestions and nuts-and-bolts style make this an immensely instructional book and effectively save it from being just an enjoyable but essentially useless piece of artful literature.
The inspiration and knowledge for this book sprang from the northeastern coverts where the ruffed grouse reigns supreme as the ultimate game bird, but it is by no means localized. Most of the discussion of grouse guns, dogs, favored habitat and lifestyle are universal to Bonasa umbel/as and are equally as useful to the hunter mired to his boot tops in an alder bog in Michigan as to the man tangled in a laurel slick in the southern Appalachians.
Aside from the strictly how-to chapters there is a wealth of grouse lore contained within the pages of this book. Grouse habits and predilections are examined, as is the history and the future of grouse hunting. Of particular interest is a unique chapter on the market hunter's heyday that deals quite realistically with this obscure and much maligned period.
If this book were to be judged on

Letters of general interest will be used as possible. Letters must be brief and to the point. The number of letters received prevents us from using all letters. When several letters on the same subject are received the editors reserve the right to use only those which cover the subject best. Letters should be signed; however, names will be withheld upon request.

LICENSE MONEY
I would like to tell you how much I like your magazine. I think that it is a great help for the Georgia sportsmen. It keeps us up to date on where, and how to hunt. And it tells us the best spots to find different game.
I would also like to say something about the increase in hunting and fishing licenses. I am all for it, but I would like to see it used for new Management Areos1 because as time goes on, more and more land is being populated and people are closing their land to people for hunting.
I am a Police Officer in Monroe, Georgia. I realize how hard it is for the Wildlife Rangers to catch violators. We have people in our county that hunt deer all summer long, and we have fewer deer as a result of it. I have been scout ing a spot all summer to hunt deer on, and one day I was talking to one of my neighbors and he had killed two bucks off the land I was go ing to hunt on (killed this summer). I told our local Ranger about these people hunting and I almost had to fight three of them about it. I almost made enemies with some of them until I told them how these people were cheating them of something that was as much theirs as anyone else's.
Steve Chapman Covington
New Wildlife Management Areas are one major item toward which the increased revenue is being applied. Four n<:w Management Areas we'e opened up this year, and six more areas have been leased this year. Negotiations are currently underway for several more areas. The additional revenue has also permitted the "beefing up" of Georgia's force of Wildlife Rangers through additional personnel and training. If more people were as responsible as you, and wauld report violators instead of listening attentively to their boasts of breaking the law, it would greatly help our efforts to curb viola-

one merit alone though, it would have

to be Woolner's view of the grouse

itself. Recurrent throughout the book

is the author's attempt to pass on to

the reader not only his knowledge of,

but his feeling for the ruffed grouse.

It is the view that a grouse should be

pursued and taken by men who ap-

preciate him for what he is, a regal

and noble gamebird. Woolner's biol-

ogy may be limited, his advice dog-

matic and old fashioned, but he can't

be faulted for his sensivity or sports-

manship.

-A. P.

20

tions. As long as violators meet with favorable response to such boasts, instead of reproach, they'll keep doing it. We need stronger public opinion against violators!
MORE LICENSE MONEY
1 saw the November issue of GAME & FISH and would like to thank you for letting the sportsmen of Georgia know how their Rangers are being trained and how the money from their licenses is being used.
And I would also like to take this chance to thank the Game and Fish Commission and Winchester-Western for putting on the gun safety course this August and making the sportsmen of this country more aware of safety.
Derk Allison Atlanta
CONNECTICUT YANKEE ENJOYS MAGAZINE
have been reading your magazine for the past few months and have enjoyed your articles on turkey and deer hunting, and really like your archery articles.
Someday in the near future I hope to come down and do a little hunting myself; my friends in Bloomingdale claim that it is the best around (we'll see).
Keep up the good work, you seem to be doing a great job from what I've read in GEORGIA GAME & FISH.
Warren Pond Kent, Connecticut
SPORTSMAN?
I would like to nominate for "Sportsman of the Year" the gentleman who ran me and my buddy off his club's leased land. We explained that we had shot a four-pointer on our side, broken a leg and were tracking blood when we crossed the line. Our sportsman told us to get off and the wounded deer be damned.
I checked with the State Game and Fish Department, County Sheriff's Department, and the County Solicitor. They all concurred that this man was legally right, but morally wrong.
If law enforcement officers can follow criminals out of their jurisdiction when in "hot pursuit" it would seem that our valuable wildlife be given some such need to apprehend when wounded.
R. Terrell Stanley Macon
It would have been more in keeping with the tradition of sportsmanship if your 11nominee" had accompanied you and your partner and helped you locate and dispatch the deer.
RECIPE READER
received my November, 1971 GAME & FISH Magazine and enjoyed it very much, especially the game cooking section.
The deer season is open and quite a few deer have already been killed, and I am looking forward to trying some of the recipes listed in the magazine. However, I have been cooking deer for several years.
I am sending a list of names and I would be ~lad if you would mail a copy of the November ISsue to them.
I am sending a check for $2.00. Use one dollar for my subscription and the other dollar for magazines for my friends.
Mrs. lester love Cornelia
We received more comments from our readers on the gamefood section in the November issue
~han on any other recent feature. Copies of any
ack issue of GAME & FISH can be ordered at 25 cents each, but not all issues are available.

Sportsman's
Calendar
RACCOON: (1) Oct. 16, 1971, through Feb. 29, 1972, in Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jackson, Madison, Elbert, and all counties north of those listed. Bag limit one (1) per night per person.
(2) All counties south of the above named counties are open year round for the taking of raccoons. No bag limit.
SQUIRREL: Statewide season is Oct. 16, 1971, through Feb. 29, 1972. Bag limit ten (10) daily.
QUAJL: November 20, 1971, through February 29, 1972. Statewide season. Bag limit twelve (12) daily; possession limit thirty-six (36).
RABBIT: (1) November 20, 1971, through January 31. 1972, in the counties of Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Hall, Habersham, and all counties north of thme listed will be open for rabit hunting. Bag limit five (5) daily.
(2) November 20, 1971, through February 29, 1972, in all counties south of the above listed counties. Bag limit ten (10) daily.
WOODCOCK: November 20, 1971, through January 23, 1972. The daily bag limit shall be five (5) and the possession limit shall be ten (10). Shooting hours are from one-half half hour before sunrise until sunset.
COMMON (WILSON'S) SNIPE: December 11, 1971, through February 13, 1972. The daily bag limit shall be eight (8) with a possession limit of sixteen (16). Shooting hours are from one-half hour before sunrise until sunset.

DUCKS AND COOTS: November 22, 1971, through January 20, 1972. Bag limit on ducks shall be three (3) daily with a possession limit of six (6); and the bag limit on coots shall be fifteen (15) daily with a possession limit of thirty (30). Shooting hours are from one-half hour before sunrise until sunset.
NOTE: The limits on ducks may not include more than (a) 1 black duck daily: (b) 2 wood ducks; (c) 1 canvasback or 1 redhead. The possession limit on ducks shall not include more than: (a) 4 wood ducks; and (b) 1 canvasback or 1 redhead or 2 black ducks. The limit on mergansers is 5 daily and 10 in possession, of which only 1 daily and 2 in possession may be hooded merganasers.
BRANT: November 15, 1971, through January 23, 1972. Daily bag limit shall be six (6). Shooting hours are from onehalf hour before sunrise until sunset.
SCAUP: An additional two (2) scaup daily and four (4) in possession may be taken during the regular duck season November 22, 1971, through January 20, 1972, in that portion of Chatham, Bryan, Liberty, Mcintosh, Glynn, and Camden Counties lying east of the of the Intercostal Waterway. Shooting hours are from one-half hour before sunrise until sunset.
GALLINULE: November 7, 1971, through January 15, 1972. Bag limit is fifteen (15) daily and thirty (30) in possession. Shooting hours are f rom one-half hour before sunrise until sunset.
DOVES: Dec. 18 through Jan. 15, 1972. Daily shooting hours, 12 noon, prevailing time, until sunset. Bag limit, 12 per day, possession limit, 24. At no time shall the hunter have in his possession more than one daily bag limit (12) while traveling from the shooting area to his car or home.

OiiiDu ofish

Send check or money order to: Georgia GAME & FISH Magazine 270 Washington St., S.W., Atlanta, Ga. 30334

Check one
0 RENEWAL
Paste your last magazine address label into space indicated and mail with payment.
0 CHANGE OF ADDRESS
Paste recent magazine label into space indicated, show change on form and mail.
0 NEW SUBSCRIPTION
Fill out form at right and mail with payment.
0 GIFT SUBSCRIPTION
Show recipient's name and address in form, indicate gift signature and mail with payment.

Att.qcch recent rnagi:l:il'lti ~iiai~;~
t&Oewa!, cllange of a~i.e~(~r. i,i

Name Address City Sign Gift Card

State

CHECK ONE: 0 1 year $1.00

Zip Code
D 3 years $2.50