Georgia game and fish [Vol. 6, no. 8 (Aug. 1971)]

GEORGIA

AUGUST, 1971

h ~ ~08GE1ORG8IA 811I8

August 1971

Volume VI

Number 8

CONTENTS

Beat the Heat . . Nocturnal Sassing Clearcut ..... Gun Safety Course Ancient Challenge Sportsmen Speak Outdoor World

.. Marvin Tye Dean Wohlgemuth 4
Aaron Pass 8 Bob Wi Ison 13 Marvin Tye 15
20 21

Jimmy Carter
Governor
Joe D. Tanner
Director State Game & Fish Commission

COMMISSIONERS

J. B. Langford Chairman
Calhoun-7th District

James Darby Vice Chairman Vidalia-1st District

William Z. Camp, Sec. Newnan-6th District

Rankin M. Smith Atlanta-5th District

Leo T. Barber, Jr. Moultrie-2nd District

Judge Harley Langdale Valdosta-8th District

Dr. Robert A. Collins, Jr. Americus-3rd District

Clyde Dixon Cleveland-9th District

George P. Dillard Decatur-4th District

Leonard Bassford Augusta-] Oth District

Jimmie Williamson Darien-Coastal District

TECHNICAL SERVICE DIVISION
Jack A. Crockford, Assistant Director Leon Kirkland, Fisheries Chief
Hubert Handy, Game Management Chief

LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION
Bill Cline, Major Deputy State Chief, Atlanta
J. D. Atchison, Major Deputy State Chief, Metter
David Gould, Major Supervisor of Coastal Fisheries
Brunswick

PUBLIC RELATIONS STAFF Phone 6563530

Dean Wohlgemuth, Chief Editor

Jim Couch Photographer

Bob Wilson Managing Editor
Marvin Tye Special Publications

Ben Gunn Audio-Visuals

Margaret Howard Circulation

Aaron Pass Press Services

Georgia Game and Fish is the official monthly magazine of the Georgia Game and Fish Commission, published at the Commission's offices, TrinityWashington Building, 270 Washington St., Atlanta, Georgia 30334. No advertising accepted. Subscriptions ore S1 for one year or $2.50 for three years. Printed by Williams Printing Company, Atlanta, Go. Notification of address
change must include both old and new address and ZIP code, with 30 days notice. No subscription requests will be accepted without ZIP code. Articles and photographs may be reprinted. Proper credit should be ~iven. Contributions ore welcome, but the editors assume no responsibility or liability for loss or damage of articles, photographs, or illustrations. Second-class postage
paid at Atlanta, Go.

TOWARD PROFESSIONALISM

The first few classes will have been graduated by now. in

the new intensive training program for wildlife rangers. The

one week courses are currently underway at the Univer,itv

of Georgia.



Plans arc to conduct I0 classes of one week each, with

each class consisting of a group of about 22 rangers. Some

220 rangers will be trained this year. Now, mind you, these

classes arc not holidays ... far from it. A better comparison

would be much more like military basic training or hoot

camp. Rangers at the school are on duty 24 hours a day.

They aren't even allowed to leave the training center except

in the case of real emergency during the entire week.

This strict discipline is a part of the training, for a trulv

qualified ranger is a man of self-discipline.



Georgia has enjoyed high quality personnel, for the most

part, in the Game and Fish Commission. However. then:: i-;

a need for formalized training to better equip personnel to

do their job well. Rangers arc the first to receive such train-

ing. but all department personnel will soon be in some sort

of professional training on an annual basis. Each individual.

including supervisory personnel, will receive two weeks of

training every year.

New personnel particularly need training. but even old

veterans benefit greatly from refreshei courses. It takes a

lot of training to keep up with all the changes in our times.

Before this training program started, with the state's new

fiscal year which began July I, there was no formal training

for Game and Fish personnel. This may not have been as

critical for professional personnel, such as fisheries and

game biologists, who are college trained.

However, there was no effective method of providing

training in the skills rangers needed, except through expe-

rience. True enough, experience is still the best teacher, but

problems can be avoided if new rangers can make usc of

experience of older hands.

It would be unfair to indicate that new rangers had no

training at all. This is not the case ... new men were as-

signed to good, experienced rangers, for a short period of

time, to show them the ropes of the job. This is good. hut

undoubtedly lacks much.

In addition to this one week of intensive training on laws.

regulations, law enforcement, and such similar subjects.

rangers will later be given a week of field study in conserva-

tion and wildlife management. This should help them to

better understand the overall conservation concept, and

equip them to be more professional.

The strong professional administrative background of the

Commission's director, Joe D. Tanner, is displayed in his

demand for higher professionalism on the part of Game

and Fish Commission personnel.

This means that you, the sportsman, will enjoy better

conservation in the state, and more efficiency in operation

in the department and more efficient use of the money you

spend on a hunting and fishing license.

And it is just one of the many good things that is coming

about within the Game and Fish Commission because of

the increase in hunting and fishing license fees last winter.

The support you gave that legislation, in helping it to pass.

has indeed benefitted you as a citizen and a sportsman.

-Dean WoJzlgemutlz

ON THE COVER: The mountains of north Georgia constitute a fragile environment for all their rugged beauty. A controversy is raging over the timbering method called clearcutting as it is practiced in the mountains. Find out more of the pros and cons of this issue in, "Is the Answer Cleorcut?" by Aaron Pass on page 8. Photo by Dean Wohlgemuth.
ON THE BACK COVER, Sundown marks the start of the night ~sherman's day. "Beat the Heat," by Morvin Tye, and "Nocturnal Bossing," by Dean Wohlgemuth, describe this popular and rewording way of avoiding midsummer heat. Photo by Dean Wohlgemuth

HOW TO BEAT THE HEAT AND CATCH MORE FISH
or
A Fairly Compleat Gyde to Ye Art of Angling atNyte
By Marvin Tye Illustrated by Ted Borg
-.

Lights placed near the water help to attract baitfish and insects which attract larger predatory
species. White bass, crappie, largemouth
and catfish are often taken on m ost Georgia lakes when night fishin g during the summer months.

W .rm summer days and fishing seem to go together naturally. No one enjoys sitting out in a cold rain or bundling up in several layers of clothing just to keep warm .
But too much of anything can be bad. The sweltering heat of a bright July afternoon can be downright uncomfortable. It can also be a time of poor fishing results. Fish go deep during the summer months to reach cooler waters and also to escape the glare of the sun. Many species are senstttve to excessive amounts of sunlight.
There are two solutions to the problems caused by excessive heat and sunlight. One is to fish the deep holes where the fi sh have taken refuge. The other is to fish at night.
While fishing deep during daylight hours can sometimes produce good catches, night fishing offers a number of advantages. For one thing, the water is not as crowded after sundown. Water skiers, pleasure boaters, swimmers, and the majority of the fishermen confine their activities to the daylight hours. The night fisherm an will have even popular portions of our major impoundments all to himself at certain times. This peace and solitude are extra bonuses that add to the pleasure of night

fishing. It is cooler at night and the angler does not have to worry about possible sunburn.
Almost all species that will take baits during the daytime also feed at night. By far the most popular species sought by the nocturnal angler are the largemouth bass, white bass, crappie, trout, and catfish. The largemouth is well known for his nighttime assaults on topwater plugs, live minnows and artificial worms. This species will be discussed in detail in another article in this issue, so this article will concentrate primarily on the other three species.
Crappie fishermen generally place a lantern or other bright light over the water where they plan to fish, often as close to the surface as possible. This light attracts insects and small baitfish which in turn attract the crappie. The fisherman simply drops his baited hook into the lighted area and awaits a strike.
The preferred bait for this type fishing is a very small shiner minnow. Small size hooks will get the most crappie. Because of the species' rather delicate mouths, they cannot be hauled out of the water with a great deal of force. Limber rods and light but steady pressure are best. A landing net is helpful and prevents the loss of too many lightly hooked crappie.

Sometimes you can fish for crappie almost on the surface. A plastic float can be attached to the line a short distance from the bait and a split shot or two added to take the minnow down to the desired depth. If shallow fishing fails to produce, the float can be moved up the line until the baitfish is swimming in the zone where the crappie ar~ feeding. Long casts are seldom necessary, so this type of rigging is acceptable.
The fisherman who wants to use artificial lures instead of live bait can usually score with crappie. A variety of small - ' lures will entice this tasty gamefish to strike, but the most popular is the weighted bucktail or jig. Indeed, these lures are so popular for this kind of fishing that they are often referred to as "crappie jigs." If crappie are feeding near the surface, the jig can be cast out and retrieved in the normal manner with action added by short jerks of the rod tip. The jig can be fished at various depths simply by letting it sink for a longer period of time before beginning the retrieve. If you start your retrieve after, say, a count of I0 and hook a fish, you can assume that you have fou nd the proper depth. Simply count to I0 after each cast, begin your retrieve and you should catch fish. A simpler method used by some crappie anglers is to at-

2

tach a float to the line so that the jig will sink to the desired depth.
Crappie fishermen operate from a boat, a lighted pier or dock, bridges or the bank around such structures. This activity can be combined with camping ~ by taking folding chairs down to the shore line and hanging out your lantern. Food, cold drinks and other luxuries too heavy to carry in a boat can be kept near at hand in your campsite. In addition, you don't have so far to go when you get ready to turn in for the night.
White bass feed voraciously on Jive shad at night. The angler who uses one of these baitfish or a close imitation, can sometimes enjoy fast action. The limit on this gamester is 30 per day-or, in this case, per night. It is not at all unusual for the nocturnal angler to string up the limit in one session on the water.
Some of the largest white bass caught during the summer months are taken at night. The angler who scores with the largest fish usually fishes about 30 feet deep. It seems that the biggest of the white bass lie at the bottom of the school during daylight hours. Some anglers theorize that these larger fish feed on injured shad that their surface feeding schoolmates have sent toward the bottom. If you can get your bait or lure below the surface feeders , you stand a good chance of catching the big boy. At

night, most of the white bas feed deep. Still, the deeper you fish , the better your chance of catching large fish .
The white bass is a fine game fish . It strikes readily, fights hard and is very good to eat. For best results on the dinner table, skin the fish before cooking. The skin, if left on the fish , gives the meat a distinctive oily taste. Without this, it is a grade-A table fare.
Night fishing for trout is allowed in the north Georgia reservoirs only. Trout streams are closed to all fishing from 30 minutes after sundown until 30 minutes before sunrise. A minimum size limit of 14 inches on all species of mountain trout applies to lakes Blue Ridge, Burton , Clark Hill , Hartwell, Lanier, Rabun, Seed, and Tallulah Falls. Fish under 14 inches n1ust be returned to the water immediately after they are caught.
Early in the spring and summer trout are found about 30 feet down. Anglers u ing pink worms or live minnows will score if they locate the fish . As the weather gets hotter, the fish go deeper to find temperature and oxygen conditions which they favor. Certain artificial lures such as spinners, spoons and plug which imitate minnows will catch trout. Trout up to 12 pounds have been caught in some of our large reservoir .
The channel catfish is recognized as a game fish and a good food fish. It has its

fans throughout the state. I remember

watching Ben Patrick land a fine chan-

nel cat that weighed about four pounds

last summer. Ben fished from midnight

till daylight on a warm July night. He

baited up with cut mullet and fished on

the bottom. He left the bail of his spin-

ning rod open so that the cat could run

with the bait for a short distance before

he set the hook. Ben took the state rec-

ord channel cat from one of the lakes on

his property near Tifton a year earlier.

It w ~ ighed 39 lb. 3 oz.

Catfish like a smelly bait. The stronger

the scent, the more they seem to go for

it. Chicken liver and other cut baits pro-

duce well. Compared to the tempera-

mental largemouth, the channel cat is

sometimes easy to catch. It feeds during

morning, afternoon or night with little

regard for heat or light conditions. Be-

cause it locates its food through scent, it

can be caught as readily at 2 a.m. as

during mid-day.

For a change of pace, night fishing

can be cool and relaxing. It is especially

beneficial for the man who must work

long hours and does not get much free

time during the day. He can substitute

the peace and tranquility of a back

country Jake for television and other

manufactured entertainment in a city

environment. An occasional break such

as this is good for any man.

-.

Becky Cook, Horace Cawthon and Marvin
Miller fish for bass and crappie on a pier
in Lake Jackson. Cabin owners and their guests enjoy
such fishing each
summer on our larger reservoirs.
Night fishing is cooler and often more productive than fishing during
the day.

.. .
-.

You ha ve to fi sh by so und . fee l and m em ory when tossing a plug out into th e inky blackness of night . .. but th e results can be worth it.
Some of th e best producing lures for night fishin g. Most are topwater lures which make plenty of noise. but some shallo w and several deep mnners also are excellent for bassin g at night.

That's the way it is, when night fishing for bass. It's quiet, almost like a cemetery. There's solitude, peace and contentment. On the water in the lake, there may be some fl ying insects, especially if there's no breeze. Insect repellent helps here, though.
But usually, there's nary a sound most of the time. It's as though you owned the whole lake and hadn't allowed anyone else to be there when you were. Except for the bass. They're invited, too. And they are a lot more likely to accept the invitation this time of day.
When the broiling summer sun beats down for long hours each day, surface water is too hot to be comfortable for a bass. Not only that, summer da ys bring boats out in huge squadrons, even on ( weekdays, on most of Georgia's major reservoirs.
Granted , many of our lakes are busy enough in the early part of darkness. Yet, if you get back in the coves, or stay late enough , most of the lakes are as secluded as if they were in the "out back" country.
As the night cools off, the surface water is more acceptable to a bass, because there's no sun beating down on ~ him, magnified in intensity by the water, just as surely as car windows seem to increase the heat of the sun.
And this is the time that the big fel - ..,. lows come close to the top to find food. '\ If you want to fish topwater or shallow running plugs in summertime, you'd better wait until sundown to start. Haven't you heard the bass breaking surface at night? It can sound like it's rai ning
. bricks. Now, don't think that topwater is the only way to fish at night. Some of the deep holes that produce bass in da ytime still may be good places to try, fi sh ing the bottom with plastic worms or deep diving or sinking plugs. Chances are though , that the points which run out to a depth of only a few feet, but with dropoffs to deep water on each side, are the best pl aces to fish these bottom bumping lures.
To be sure, while the problems of heat a nd competition from other anglers, a nd from pleasure boaters, are reduced , the night bass fisherm a n will encounter other difficulties. A indicated at the outset, you're never sure whether your plug hits the water until you hear it. Even then , you can't be certain whether or not the line is over a stump .
It is important to know yo ur water well at night, if at all possible. Thi s helps to avoid some of the snag . You 'll have to try to be careful to keep your boat far enough from shore so that at least most of yo ur casts won't be too long, and hit

6

the hore. And you'll have to be more careful boating at night.
Just remember, though, that at night the bass are likely to be at least a few feet from shore a good bit of the time . A cast doesn't have to go within five feet of the shoreline.
I recall night fishing once, when I was a youngster. At that time, I had never caught a bass. I was using worms, and was fishing for catfish. I heard bass jumping out in the lake, and could occasionally see a splash. I couldn 't cast far enough to reach them. I was disilluioned. Fishing from the shore may be productive sometimes, but frankly, I strongly recommend fishing from a boat when seeking bass at night. In fact, it's this writer's opinion that a good boat is among the most important pieces of equipment a bass fisherman has, day or night. He can cover more water more effectively and from better angles, because of his instant mobility.
There are a few things the night angler must recall, that are more critical than for his daytime colleague. These include noise and light, particularly. Noise is magnified at night, largely because of the lack of competition from other normal daytime noises ... boats, mostly, but all manner of manmade things. The night sounds are different. You'll hear whip-poor-wills, crickets, frogs .. . that sort of thing. Night music, I call it.
When you bump the bottom of the boat with an oar, or let an anchor hit the water too hard, the fish will hear it more easly, and may spook a bit more than during the day. But if you're quiet, you'll find the fish much less wary at night. And because of the way their eyes are made, they'll see better in the lesser light.
Those who fish at night for bream, crappie, white bass, and some such spe-
. . cies, such as discussed in another article in this magazine, make good use of bright lights. These attract bait fish to the surface, and game fish follow them. Not so with the bass. A light makes him nervous and wary. The less light you can shed on the water, the more fish you'll catch.
Don't forget, however, for safety and legality sake, you must have a white light, visible from all directions, on your boat. But if you II put a cardboard shield below it, that will keep its light, which is relatively weak anyway, from pocking the fish .
A lantern, flashlight, campfire, even a match or cigaret lighter, will cause a bass to keep his distance, and head for deep water. If you must use a flashlight to see to tie on a new lure ... you can bet you'll lose your share to snags at

night .. . then keep the light carefully shielded, holding it below the gunwale of the boat, to see what you're doing.
What lures are best at night? Or does it make any difference? You 'd better bet it does! The darker the lure, the easier it is for a bass to see it at night. I think this is particularly true of shallow runners and topwater lures. They're silhouetted against a sky that appears rather light to a bass.
To my way of thinking, the best time for topwater plugs, at least during the summer months, is at night. The noisier the plug, the more effective it is. Those that must be worked with a steady retrieve are probably best-these include

those equipped with one or two propel-

lers or the wide-bladed plugs as the Jit-

terbug-because a bass can follow the

lure through its noise even when he

can't see it. The vibrating, sonic-type

lures in the sha1lo~-running class also

are good at night. Of course, as with any

bass fishing , your own variations and

ideas are likely to work best for you ...

and you never can predict exactly how

any bass ever, is likely to act.

You can bet, though, that you'll keep

cooler, get less sunburn, have more el-

bow room , more fun and most likely

more bass if you'll try nocturnal bass

fishing. It's the best way for a bass man

to beat the summer heat!

).c;.

If you hit it right, da wn may break to .find you with a nice string of /argemouths like th ese.

7

Is the Answer... ' t CLEARCUT . : J
8

By Aaron Pass
Photos by the Author

Ctearcutting is one of the most controversial conservation topics currently before the public. The ba ic question seems to be whether or not the practice lead to environmental degradation , and both sides eem firml y entrenched in thei r own point of view. Critics of the practice maintain that it is harmful a nd a re as king for a two- yea r moratorium on the practice until re earch can evaluate the total environmental impact. Advoca tes hold th at clearcutting i benefici al and a two-year del ay would represent forest mi smanage ment.
C lea rcutting is one of the timber harvest methods used by modern foresters to manage a forest under a system known as " All -age m anageme nt in evenaged blocks." A clearcut is accomplished by the cutting of all the trees in a n area, including those which are commercially unusable. The area is then left to regrow (regenerate) all of its trees from scratch. All of the trees in the stand will be of roughly the same size and age, hence the term even-aged management, and each cut area will be an even-aged block , within the all-age forest.
C learcut harvesting is aid to be one of the most economically feasib le methods of timber harvest, and results in a healthier, more productive forest. It is also highly visible, and in the opinion of many, an eyesore and a "sin agin' Nature. " As a result of this critical attention, clearcutting has been seriously questioned by many conservationminded groups , particul a rl y where it is being practiced on public lands. Its critics cl aim that clearcutting represents inte nsive timber m anage ment at the expense of wildlife value , esthetic and envi ronmental quality. Its proponents claim that timber production as well as many other va lues, including wildlife, are enhanced by even-age management.
The Forest Service is the la rgest manage r of public lands in Georgia, controlling over 800,000 acres in the Chattahoochee a nd Oconee ational Fore ts . These la nds are principally forest land and even-age man agement, including clearcutting, is practiced in both areas. It is on the 700,000 ac re of mountai n la nd in the hatta hoochee Forest , however, where clea rcutting is drawing the ~ harpe st criticism. M any feel that this unique mountain environment, its wildlife, recreational potenti al, and its natural beauty, holds value which far outweigh the si ngular value of the board feet of lumber produced.
A clearcut is esthetically a ppalling ;

there is no question about that. It resembles the aftermath of some tremendous natural disa ter, such as a wildfire or windstorm. Undoubtedly the camper or hiker who ventures onto such a scene in search of natura l beauty will be dismayed. The hunter, viewing the lopes denuded of their rna t producing hardwoods, justifiably wo nders what will happen to the wildlife. The trout fi herman , seeing his favorite stream si lted and muddied by the run-off from a fre hl y cut area, isn t oot hed by statistics citing the increased sustai ned yield of lumber from even-age management, either. These outdoor enthusiasts will read il y agree that a clearcut is a very efficient method of growing and harvesting trees, but th at it doesn't seem to hold much promise for them.
The Forest Service, on the other hand, makes a strong case for both even-age management and the clearcut method of timber harvest. This management system is said to not onl y improve the efficiency of timber management and harvest , but also to improve the hab itat for wildlife. The controversial clearcut concurrently pl ays the role of hero and villa in when both sides of the que tion are aired. That a clearcut resembles a natural disaster is not denied , rather it is one of the strongest arguments of its practitioners. They mai ntai n that it duplicate in a controlled way, the consequences of wild fires , storms, and disease which shaped the wild virgin forests which greeted the first European settlers of this continent. Th at a clearcut is a disa ter is not argued by its critics, but they do disagree on whether or not it is controlled.
Many argue th at the Forest Service should return to a forest wide all-age management system which employs a selective-cut harve t sy tern. Thi method calls for the cutting and removal of tree in a standing fore t as they mature, thus all age classes a re represented in a given sta nd. Foresters object that thi method leads to long term ills such as " high grading,"' where the repeated cutting of the best trees culminates in a fore t of culls. Also si nce the fore t canopy is really never opened a perpetually mature climax forest is mai nta ined with little of the understory or plant interspersion needed by wildlife.
Wildlife species vary greatl y in their specific habitat needs, but the fore t dwellers have orne common needs which are beneficial to a ll . An interspersion of habi tat types is one of the e

9

A clearcut looks like a disaster area . . . that is its main advantage to wildlife according to its advocates. It simulates th e effects of a "disruptive ecology" providing diversity and interspersion of wildlife habitat.

Th e newly opened tree canopy allows
sunlight to reach the forest floor, encouraging low grow ing plants which produce browse and fruits. Wildlife biologist, Bob Howarth , examines blueberries growing in a cut-over tract.

common needs. This refers to the availability of a variety of plants offering diversity of food and cover. This interspersion may be created by openings in the forest which permit natural plant succession, and "edge" habitat, which is the brushy border between woods and openings. Such an effect is produced by a "disruptive" ecology, or conditions that prevent the development of an entire forest to maturity all at once. In nature wild fire, floods, and disease lead to this disruption and it is this type of action clearcutting is said to simulate.
A clearcut is certainly disrupting, but is it a benefit or a detriment to the ecology of an area? At what point does the clearcut cease to be a healthy disruption in a mature forest and become a food-destroying, cover-removing, soileroding monster? On these specific points even professional wildlife managers disagree, but there is general agreement that, in theory, clearcutting can be ht> neficial to wildlife.
The Forest Service points out that a clearcut opening in a mature forest is helpful to most types of wildlife. The

opened tree canopy allows sunlight to is causing a great deal of di tress to age ment system. Wildlife values are best

penetrate to the forest floor , stimulating wildlife managers . Timber Stand Im- served by natural regeneration to mixed

natural plant succession. It is true that provement is the official terminology, hardwood or hardwood / pine forest that

production of mast (acorns, hickory but it means changing the species of tree now exists in the mountains. Lumber

nuts, walnuts, etc.) is sacrificed when a growing in a particular stand. The site, production leans toward the more effici-

stand of hardwoods is cut, but the low after the cut, offers an excellent opportu- ent, pure pine stands, and we are seeing

growth plants which begin to sprout nity for stand conversion to a more an increasing loss of natural hardwood

soon thereafter will supply woody "de irable species." Although just what sta nds to the faster growing pines.

browse and fruit (soft mast) for wild- constitutes a more desirable species is A normal hardwood rotation period is

life. The availability of browse is par- ubject to a considerable latitude of defi- 80 years between harvests, as it takes

ticularly important to wildlife in times nition , it usuall y depend on what values this long for the trees to mature into

of mast failure. Some of the important are allowed to predominate in the man- sawlogs, whereas a pine stand can be

mast trees will not grow under an exi st-

ing tree canopy; a clearcut opening will

encourage these species.

A clearcut site being regenerated to

hardwood will theoretically produce

wildli fe food during each stage of its

plant succession. These facts tend to in-

dicate that a well planned series of clear-

cuts of reasonable size, well dispersed

in both area and time, could contribute

significantly to a forest's wildlife popu-

lation.

The benefits of even-age management

and clearcutting sound good in theory.

Increased timber production and high

quality wild li fe habitat all in one pack-

age is like having your cake and eating

it too. Unfortunately, practice often does

not re emble theory and it is here wild-

lifers part company with loggers.

In forest management realities, as

with the having and/ or eating of cakes,

choices are often made between efficient

economics and ecologic considerations.

In such cases, it i not unusual for the

ecology to be found wanting, and as a

result many professional wildlife man-

agers view clearcutting (the practice,

not the theory) with mixed emotions.

One particular sore spot is the allow-

The above photo

able size of the cut. It is more economical to log as large an area as possible, but from the wildlife standpoint 50

shows a seed tree harvest which will
result in a stand conversion from a

acres is about the maximum beneficial mixed hardwood/ pine

size. This size is only a general guide, however, and the full benefit is realized
... when such factors as terrain, tree species, location, and configuration of cut

stand to a pure pine stand. The area was
harvested by clearculling except for th e seed trees of

are taken into account. At the present the "more desirable"

time 50 acres is the maxi mum allowable

species.

cut on the Chattahoochee National For-

est. Due to the mountainous terrain, even a 50 acre harvest site must be chosen with care to avoid erosion problems.
Dispersion of cuts over the whole forest area is also a critical factor, since four adjoining 50 acre harvest sites is in effect a 200 acre clearcut. The key benefit of even-age management is a localized interspersion of pl ant species and ages, and the large scale even-age stand of brush following a big clearcut offers little more diversity than did the mature

This seeded pine and the naturally
regenerated oak . seem to be doing about equally well in this site which is being converted to pine. Im provement cuts and herbicide
treatm ents will remove th e
competing hardwood species from this "improved"
pine stand.

forest.

One particular aspect of clearcutting

ha rve ted in 40. It doesnt ta ke a geniu to figure out th at a pine stand will , in a given period of time, produce more lumber th a n a hardwood sta nd. In rega rd to wildlife va lues, however, the hardwood are va tl y superior in food production. A na turall y revegetati ng ha rdwood stand will , as mentioned ea rli er, produce some wildlife food during all stages of it rota tion period. A pine pl a nting produces o nl y the low growing browse plants for the first 3 to 5 yea rs after the cut, after which the pine seed ling become large enough to shade out the brow e. The maturing pine sta nd produces little u able mast and become a virtua l biological de ert until the next ha rve st.
The conversion of a stand begins with a clea rcut harvest, perhaps leaving some seed tree of the de ired speci es ( pine).

The site is then exten ivel y prepa red by bu lldozers to destroy the exi ting hardwood root systems, the area is then eeded or pl anted with pine . The stand will then be subjected to improvement cut and herbicide treatments to eliminate hardwood species which have infiltrated the stand .
This inten sive site preparation preents another critical environmental problem in the mountain terrain. The steep lope are prone to erosion after any clearcut, but when the soil is disturbed by bulldozing the ero ion problem is multiplied. The ilty runoff from uch a site will increase sedimentation and water temperature of the streams in the watershed. These two factors are the mai n problem facing the trout fishery in the mountain areas today.
Even a ta nd being regenerated to

Thi.1 clearcut site was intensely prepared by bulldozing to faci litate reseedin g tu pine. Such disturbance of the unprotected fore .\! floor on stee p slopes can lead to erosion prob lems.

hardwoods will show a marked drop in

wildlife food production between the

time the trees grow large enough to

shade out the low browse plants and

they begin to produce mast. This prob-

lem can be helped by a series of selective

cuttings in the pole-sized forest to al-

low browse openings. These selective

cuts must be well planned however, as

the criteria by which the stand is

"weeded" will greatly influence its fin al

compo ition.

It is unfortunate that the most desir-

able trees from the timberman's stand-

point are often poor producers of wild-

life foods. Hollow den trees, used as

homes by many wildlife species, also are

victims of weeding cuts, and even the

comparatively long 80- I 00 year hard-

wood rotation is insufficient to produce

such trees. Although the timber harvest

guidelines call for the protection of food

and den trees important to wildlife, the

application of these guidelines at field

level is usually left to timber-manage-

ment specialists who oversee the har-

vest rather than profe sional game man-

agers who wrote the guidelines.

Profes ional game managers will con-

cede that clearcut harvesting has the

potential to be a useful management

technique if wildlife values are taken

into proper account in its practice. The

recognition of these values doesn't nec-

es arily mean complete abandonment of

timber production, but does demand

more comprehensive management tech-

niques. It will also require the acknowl-

edgment that a forest's beauty and its

wildlife are just as important as the lum-

ber it will produce . The clearcut is a

u eful tool for both wildlife and timber

management, but as it is currently being

practiced in some areas it is inconsistent

with sound conservation methods which

would promote multiple use of the for-

est. A light shift of empha is would

make it possible to both have and eat the

resources cake of our Natural Forest

land.

..-

12

-.
Photo by Ted Borg
Gun Safety
By Bob Wilson
Twenty pairs of eyes were riveted upon the young boy as he carried the shotgun to the firing line. He kept the muzzle of the gun pointed in a safe direction at all times. After checking the position of the safety, the youngster loaded a shell into the gun, raised it to his shoulder, and called, "Pull!"
The thwump of the trap launching the clay pigeon was closely followed by the boom of the 12-gauge shotgun. The youngster hardly noticed the recoil as he watched the clay target disappear in a puff of smoke. Reverberations
13

of the blast died away in time for him to hear the soft clink of falling fragments of clay. The onlookers cheered-it was the first time the boy had ever shot a gun.
Flushed with success, he turned around but kept the muzzle of the gun pointed downrange. His father was proud too, and quite relieved. Few of the onlookers could have guessed that until that day the boy had been depressed and the father frustrated over the subject of shooting. The youngster wanted to go shooting, but his father lacked the necessary knowledge to get him started correctly and safely. As a result of a gun and hunter safety program, this boy was prepared to take up the sport of shooting-and before the day was over, dad was shooting too!
City-reared people often find it hard to find out about hunting and fishing or find someone to teach them the correct and successful methods of taking up these sports. Realizing this, the Game and Fish Commission takes every opportunity to teach Georgians how to get active in these sports safely and correctly. Another gun and hunter safety course offered by the Georgia Game and Fish Commission and presented in cooperation with Winchester-
14

Photo by Aaron Pass

Western will be held at the Triple H Gun Club

near Locust Grove on August 21.

The whole course includes a slide presenta-

tion and demonstration on gun safety and

hunter safety, and a trip to the firing line to

let the students practice safe shooting under

close supervision . The course is designed to

give the new or young hunter an excellent op-

portunity to get started correctly, well versed

in proper and safe methods of handling guns.

While the instruction given in the course is

offered at no charge, a fee of $2 per person

will be charged for the shooting session to

cover the cost of targets, firearms rental, and

ammunition. Shooters furnishing their own

shotgun ammunition will only pay $1 to cover

the cost of the targets. All shooting will be don e

with shotguns.

Sessions will last about an hour and a half,

with sessions starting at 10 a.m., 12 noon, 2

p.m., and 4 p.m., on August 21. Game and

Fish personnel and qualified Winchester in-

structors will be on hand all day. For furthe r

information call the public relations office of

the Game and Fish Commission at 656-3530 in

Atlanta, or Triple H Gun Club at 957-5098 in

Locust Grove.

-

i\nritttt Q1f1alltttgt

FOR MODERN SPORTSMEN
By Marvin Tye

The warm morning sun was just begi nning to cut the haze of an early October day. From hi s perch 15 feet up in a high oak tree, the bowhunter could ee squirrels feeding on the ground and various species of bird flitting from tree to tree. Suddenl y a movement off to one ide caught hi eye. As he watc hed , he was able to di tinguish first a nervously twitching ta il , then a pa ir of leg below the creening brush. Then the a nima l mo ed a nd the hunter could ee the front legs and head of a fine whi teta il buck. The antlers gleamed in the sunlight as the deer lowered hi s head

to munch acorns on the ground. The si tuation looked perfect. If the
deer continued feeding on it present course, it would step into the open well within bow range. The a nimal was on the bowhunter's left side, so the man would not have to change position on his tree stand in order to shoot. As if on cue, the buck stepped into the clearing a nd lowered his head to pick up a succulent acorn.
The archer had a quartering away hot. The buck was fac ing the opposite direction a nd was distracted by its feeding. The man had visions of meat in the

freezer as he drew the bowstring back to his a nchor point and a imed . It had been several month since he had taken a shot such a thi s. Would the arrow drop at that range or should he aim low on the a nimar s body to compen ate for the tendency to shoot high from an elevated posi tion? Such deci ion must be m ade in a hurry, so the hunter took ai m at the center of the buck' rib cavity, a compromi ing calculation. He rel axed hi grip on the bowstring and his arrow was on its way. The brightly fea thered shaft seemed to be hea ling right fo r it mark . At the last econd , it seemed to

15

If you plan to do much of your deer hunting from a tree stand, you should practice shooting at
deer-sized targets from an elevated position.

lose orne of it momentum and fell just under the buck's body, triking a rock with a metallic click. The startled deer jumped forward , then bounded away, hi white tail waving in alarm.
A moment' indeci ion had co t the hunter a fine trophy. More so than any other type of hunting, bagging a buck with a bow and arrow calls for extended practice before the sea on begin . If the archer in the preceding incident had practiced shooting from an elevated poition at deer-sized targets from various ranges, he would have known just how to aim when that deer appeared and the outcome might have been different.
If you plan to bowhunt for deer during the coming ea on , now is the time to practice. The more familiar a hunter becomes with his weapon , the more likely he is to place his hot accurately. Most bowhunters use a portable tree stand placed about I0 to 15 feet off the ground. Shooting from such a position brings up problem not faced by the archer on the ground. Up to a certain range, the elevated archer tends to shoot high. To compensate for this, he must aim below the point he intend to hit. At a certain range-point blank range-he must aim exactly where he wants the arrow to strike. Beyond this range, the arrow must be aimed above the point of impact to allow for the drop in trajectory.
After several week of practicing hot from a tree stand, the archer can make such shot almo t without conscious calculation. It is almost autom atic. Yet , ummertime practice need not be all dull routine. Augu t and September are months when archery clubs throughout the tate hold field tournaments an d other competitive events. These a re a lot of fun as well as good practice for the hunting archer.
The sport of field archery originated as a mea ns of practicing for bowhunting. T arge ts were set up in the wood under natural hunting condition and the archer were required to hoot from unknown distances. The u ual target on a field range i a circular bull's eye

simila r to th at used for other targetshooting competition. During the late summer months the e are replaced by animal targets. Deer, rabbit , squirrel, fox , a nd other native Georgia species a re represented as well as bu ll moose a nd other si mil ar creatures thrown in just for fun. Usually these targets are only paper faces pl aced on bales of ha y. Sometimes, more elaborate ta rgets are constructed in three-dimension al model s to give more re a li m. These are e pecially beneficial to the hunter shooting from a tree tand .
If you are a beginning archer and would like to get in on such a shoot, yo u

will probab ly find an archery club in yo ur town or at least in a nearby town where uch events are held . You can find the location of the neare t archery club by contac ting your local sporting goods dealer or by writing to Larry Cameron, Executive Pre ident, Georgia Bowhunters & Archery Association, 2626 Wiggins Street, Lithonia, Georgia 30058. One of the biggest of the tournaments to be held in Georgia each year is the heav y tackle shoot at Mobley's Bowhunting Pre erve in Uvalda. ln addition to hooting at simu lated animal ta rgets. participating archer also get a ch ance to hunt wild hogs during th is

16

contest which is held during the Labor Day weekend . A bow with a minimum draw weight of 40 pounds is required for thi competition.
If his primary interest is tournament competition , the archer usuall y shoots a bow of much less than 40 pou nds. Shooti ng a heavy hunting bow I 00 times or more in a single day wou ld tire the arc her to the point that he wou ld not be able to shoot accurately during the last tage of competition. Actual hunting ituations would not req uire as much shooting, so a stronger bow can be used with good re ults as far as acc uracy is concerned. The stron ger bow can also

Photo by Marvi n lye
be used in such events as the heavy tackle shoot where archer shoot from one to three times at each target and have time to re t before shooting at another. ln thi s event, vital areas are drawn on the animal targets. If the a rcher hits a vital spot with hi first arrow he scores 20 points. A hit in a nonvi tal area on the first shot scores I 6. If he hits the target with the first arrow, the archer does not shoot again until his group moves to a different target. lf he misses the target entirel y wit h the first a rrow, the arc her gets to try up to two more shot s sco ring 14 or I 0 points for the second a rrow or 8 or 4 for the third.

If the archer misse the same target three times, he gets no score at th at particular location.
Women a well as men participate in field and target archery competitions. In fact, in mo t tournament there are separate division for men, women and children. There are even classification for degrees of ski ll. A person who coni tentl y shoots high scores in competition is matched with others of the same degree of skill. Tho e who do not usually shoot such high scores compete wit h others in their class.
The beginner in archery hould be careful to buy a bow th at he can handle. If he bu ys one that is too heav y for his capabilities, he will develop bad habits such as flinching and a jerk y release w hich will cause his shootin g accuracy to suffer. Bow weight is measured in pounds, usually the amount of pressure required to draw an arrow 28 inches.
According to state regulation . it is illegal to hunt deer or turkey with a bow drawing less than 40 pounds. Some hunters who compete in tournaments use a 40 pound bow or heavier for bo th hunting and target work. They rca~on that this keeps them famili a r with their hunting weight and pays off in continued accuracy during the deer sca~on . A man who is really serious about competition wi ll probably use a li ghter bow a nd will probably outscore the man whose primary interest is huntin g. The average tournament weight bow is 35 pounds for men and 25 pounds fo r women. Tourn ament competitor are likely to install sigh ts, stabili zers and other gadgets on their bows for increased acc urac y.
If you want to take up bowhunting there are two ways to go. The first of these is to bu y two bow . One should be 40 pounds or heav ier, the other light enough so that you can hold it at full draw for several seconds without tiring. Practice with the lighter bow to tone your muscles and gradually work up to the hunting weight weapon. ln the beginning shoot the heavy bow on ly a few times each day or each practice ession.
Buyi ng on ly one bow in the 40 pound

17

Photo by Marvin Tye
Th e bowlu111ter 11'/w wn consistently place his arro11's in th e vital area 011 a deer target is ready to go lutlltin[.i for this fine game animal during the fa ll.
Bll.lic ect uipm ent for the bowhun ter-bow and broadhead arrow. shvo t in~? tab , armguard, knife. sharpening de1ice, tree stand and camouflage suit. Pick vour eq uipm ent ll'ith care. Economy is fi ne, but buying inferior tackle can bring poor result .

or larger class ca n be a mistake. If you buy such a bow and hoot with it for long periods of time, your practice sessions are likel y to be unpleasa nt and you are likely to develop bad shooting habits. More people have dropped out of archery because they were "overbowed" than for any other reason.
Jf you go by the second method, buying on ly one bow in a hunting weight, you can still learn to shoot accurately. The secret is to shoot only a few arrows, with as much rest between sho ts a needed at the beginning. In this way, 1you will develop your strength gradually and not have unpleasant memories of aching muscles and arrows that will not go where you aim them.
Regardless of what kind of bow you use you must have a rrows matched to that particular bow. Arrows that shoot well out of a 50 pound bow will nc.t perform the same way wlien shot from a 40 pound wea pon . C onsistent acc uracy is impossible with mismatched tackle. For this rea on you should buy bows, arrows and archery accessories from a dealer who is an archer him elf and ~. knows the subject thoroughl y. If you try to buy the cheapest equipment that you find , you may cheat yourself in the end. ~ There i nothing wrong with trying to save money- j u t be sure that you do not buy inferior equipment.
Photo by Ted Borg

18

Organized competition helps to improve the arch er's skill. Oth er m embers of an archery club can give valuable advice to the beginning bowhunter.

Photo by Ted Borg

Don't go hunting deer until you can

use a heavy enough bow to get the job

done-and shoot it accurately. If you can't

handle your equipment, you are as

likely to wound the animal as to kill it.

A sharp broadhead, accurately placed,

is just as deadly and humane as any

other hunting weapon.

There is a saying among serious bow-

hunters that he who hunts with a dull

head has two. This means that only the

foolish man hunts with anything less

than a sharp broadhead. If your broad-

head will not shave hair from your arm,

it is not sharp enough to hunt with.

Most archers use three or four-edged

hunting points in order to have a larger

cutting area. The broadhead kills by

hemmorhage, so the more cutting area

it has, the better it performs.

There is a wide range of activities

that you can enjoy with your bow and

arrow-tournament competition, deer

hunting, bowfishing for rough fish and

hunting small game such as squirrels

and rabbits. All of these activities re-

quire shooting skill and a thorough

knowledge of the factors involved . The

challenge is what makes it all worth-

while.

-.

Unless your broadh ead will shave hair fr om your arm , it is not ready to be shot at a deer.

Sharp edges in crease its killin g power and get th e job don e humanely .

Photo by Ted Borg

19

Lellcrs of general interest ll'i/1 be used as po.1sihle. Letters must be hricf and to the point. The numhcr of letters recei1ed pre\'Cnts us from using allll'ltcrs. When .1"'\'eral letters on the same suhject are recei1ed the editors rcscne the right to usc only those 11hich co1cr the .lllhjcct hest. Letters should he .1igncd: ho11ner, I!Wil'.1 11il/ he ll'ithheld upon requc.1t.
JUNGLE FOWL PROGRESS?
am an avid dave hunter and would like to see more articles on the subject. Also in your December, 1969, edition you had an article on the experiments concerning the stocking of jungle fowl. How are these experiments coming along? Keep up the good work.
Brent Fin ley Chamblee
There have been only two experimental stockings of these birds in the state. One didn't pan out as the birds have disappeared. There are still sightings being made at the other release point, but so far, no natural reproduction has been reported. At this point, we are waiting for more positive indications on whether or not the Jungle Fowl can adapt to Georgia.
PRIVATE TROUT STREAM
have a farm in North Georgia and a trout stream flows through this farm (I own both sides of the bank) and Game and Fish stacks this creek.
I also keep my land posted as sometimes we go down Ia the creek Ia take a bath and have target practice toward the creek.

My question is this: Can I legally ask anyone to leave the creek behind my house since it is designated as trout water and can I ask Game and Fish to quit stocking fish at my bridge (the presence of stocked fish brings a lot of unwanted people and trash).
Also can I fish on my own property anytime of the year?
Bryan L. Stevens Atlanta
Since you own both sides of the stream, you may as you desire prevent other persons from fishing on your stream. You may legally ask anyone to leave your property.
Should you do this, however, it will be necessary that you notify us so that we may discontinue stocking this stream. We cannot stock a stream which is not open to the public. Please advise us of the name of the stream and its location.
In answer to your final question-no, you may not fish in your stream all year, you may fish for trout on a designated trout stream only during the legal trout season April 1 through October 3 this year.
DEER BOOKS WANTED
As a subscriber to the State Game and Fish magazine, I om very interested in all articles concerning deer hunting. I am glad to see our state on the upswing in the reproduction and growth of turkeys and whitetails. Much of this is credited to this worthwhile magazine.
After several seasons against Mr. Whitetail Buck, I love to read and study all material concerning the issue. However, I have found it difficult to obtain good, interesting, factual and detailed books for my whitetail knowledge and library. (Tom Hayes' whitetail book is excellent.)
I would appreciate any lists of names of books (authors and publishers) concerning whitetails of which any of your writers might know.
I have the following books: 1. The Complete Deer Hunt by Joe DeFalco
(Grosset and Dunlap, N.Y., 1970) 2. Hunting the Whitetail Deer by Tom Hayes
(A. S. Barnes and Co., Inc., N. Y., 1966) 3. The Deerhunter's Bible by George Laycock
(Doubleday and Co., Inc., N. Y., 1963) 4. The Archer's Bible by Fred Bear (Doubleday
and Co., Inc., N.Y., 1968)

OiDia ofish

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20

Thank you very much for your assistance in this matter.
W. Ralph Bray, Ill Atlanta
The books you mention are all excellent
choices. We would suggest three more: 1. The Deer Hunter's Guide by Francis E. Sell
(Stackpole Books, 1968, $5.00)
2. How to Hunt Whitetail Deer by S. A. Anderson (Funk & Wagnalls, 1968, $5.95)
3. Whitetail by George Mattis (World Publishing Co., $6.95)
Georgia GAME & FISH will contain periodic reviews of books which we feel will be especially helpful to our readers.
SAD OVER STREAMS
I was saddened by the letter of Mr. Charles E. Dawkins appearing in the January issue of GAME & FISH Magazine about the pollution in Wild Hog and Canada creeks near Woody's Gap in North Georgia.
I first fished these streams in 1930. At that time they were streams in a virgin forest, thef' known as Cherokee National Forest later changed to the Chattahoochee National Forest.
Since that time many changes have taken place in the streams and the forest. During the 22 years I fished those streams everything that occurred was detrimental to good trout fishing, except the restocking of the streams. Not only were the above named streams virgin territory, so were the Jones and Montgomery creeks and all the tributaries of the Etowah river (now called the Hightower).
When I first fished those streams you could fish for days and never run into another fisherman on the streams. What a day of fishing one could have by fishing down Wild Hog to Canada creek and then up Canada creek to the highway near the home of Chief Forest Ranger Woody, then about a 3 mile walk back to Wild Hog and your car.
At the time I began to fish those streams they were all stocked with rainbow trout, and the limit was 20 each day. Very few times did we fish those streams and fail to get our limit, with many small ones released. The ones we creeled ran from 10 to 18 inches in length, the largest one I caught was a 5'/.o pounder taken from Jones creek in 1935.
About 1933 or '34 the CCC camps moved into the forest and set up housekeeping and the creeks were used to dispose of the garbage. The tin cans from some of the camps would wash a long way downstream from the camps. Their first job was construction of roads; the roads they constructed made the streams more accessible for the fishermen. Where the streams before the roads ran just a murky color after a hard rain they turned into a stream of red mud. The sediment left on the streams from the red clay did not make better trout fishing.
About the time the CCC camps were discontinued or moved to other locations, the Forest Service gave. a contract to a lumber company to remove all the chestnut logs and Ia cut selected standing trees. It seemed that the only way to remove this timber was to build logging roads along the streams, crossing the streams many times. This and the tree laps left in the creeks did not improve the fishing. In a year or so after the logging stopped, fishing once again improved. In 1952 I had to bid farewell to the trout fishing due to age, too old to wade trout streams any mare, the fishing was still tops.
When I first fished these streams the only wildlife one would run into were half wild range cattle, wild hogs and squirrels. Before I quit the streams, under the management of Chief Ranger Woody, the turkey, deer and ruffed grouse were plentiful.
W. B. Davis Inverness, Florida

I outdoorl world
Striped Bass-
High Production
Georgia's production of striped bass, a project that went into full operation only this year, has begun to produce dividends. Approximately 7,000,000 striped bass were produced this year by the Fisheries Division of the Game and Fish Commission at Richmond Hill Hatchery. The fry were reared at Cordele and Steve Cocke Hatcheries to reach fingerling before fiinal stocking in our major lakes.
Representative Howard Rainey, of Cordele, Chairman of the House Game and Fish Committee, and Game and Fish Commissioner Dr. Robert Collins, of Americus, representing the 3rd District, were on hand recently to witness some of the results of the program as the first major stocking of stripers in Lake Blackshear took place. Approximately 43,500 of the striped bass fingerlings, reared at the Cordele Hatchery, were released in Blackshear.
Previous test stockings in Blackshear have indicated that striped bass can adapt to the conditions of the lake, and the fish are expected to introduce a new dimension in sportfishing in the lake. These striped bass will act as a biological control on the gizzard shad in addition to offering another challenge for the fisherman. The fingerlings are expected to reach the legal keeping size of 15 inches within 18 months.
-Boh Bushy
Recycling Moves Ahead
Glass container manufacturers have paid the public approximately one million dollars for reclaimed bottles and jars in the first nine months of an industry-wide glass recycling program. Member companies of the Glass Container Manufacturers are expected to reach an annual pace of half a billion jars and bottles this summer.
Each quarter has shown a significant increase of involvement by publicminded citizens and organizations in this program. Richard L. Cheney. President of GCMI. reports that the number of reclaimed bottles and jars has increased from 42 million in the opening quarter of the program to 96 million in the first quarter of 1971. Mr. Cheney added that, "all indications point to continuation of this rising trend."
The majority of the glass containers salvaged are recycled into the bottle manufacturing process but many pos-

~ible uses are being explored. An experimental black-top paving material, "glasphalt," made up of crushed glass aggregate instead of crushed stone, is presently being tested on many roadways in the U.S. and Canada. Other potential uses for salvaged glass include bricks, blocks, insulation, wall paneling, and numerous other building products. According to Mr. Cheney, "potential uses for discarded bottles and jars could absorb every ounce of waste glass we could possibly hope to find in the nation's refuse, not only this year, but as far ahead as we can see."
Two of the local agencies that accept used glass for recycling are the CocaCola Bottling Company located at 8th and Williams Streets, Atlanta (phone

872-7791 ), and the Owen-Illinois Glass Container Division at 3107 Sylvan Road. Atlanta (phone 766-2761). These companies purchase any thrown-away glass for I cent a pound. They ask that the glass be reasonably clean, separated by color, and all metal removed. Paper labels may be left on the bottles. For information on recycling programs in your area, check with your local bottling and glass companies.
This is one of the many ways in which each individual can join in the effort to clean up America and reduce future litter. Start your own anti-litter campaign by returning your glass containers for recycling. instead of discarding this valuable product as trash.
-Margaret Howard

Sportsman's Calendar

Management Area
BLUE RIDGE

Stream
Jones Creek (Artificial lures)

May Sat., Sun

June Sat., Sun.

July Sat., Sun.

August Sot., Sun.

September
(Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5; Mon., Sept. 6)

Montgomery

Wed., Thurs. Wed., Thurs. Wed., Thurs. Wed., Thurs. (Wed., Sept. 1; Thurs., Sept. 2;

Nimblewill

Sat., Sun.

Sat., Sun.

Sat., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

(Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5;
Mon., Sept. 6)

Noontootley

Wed., Thurs.

(Artificial lures)

Sat., Sun.

(Catch and Release}

Wed., Thurs. Sat., Sun.

Wed., Thurs. Sat., Sun.

Wed., Thurs. Sat., Sun.

(Wed., Sept. 1; Thurs., Sept. 2; Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5; Mon., Sept. 6)

Rock Creek

Wed., Thurs. Sat., Sun.

Wed., Thurs. Sot., Sun.

Wed., Thurs. Sot., Sun.

Wed., Thurs. Sot., Sun.

(Wed., Sept. 1; Thurs., Sept. 2; Sat., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5; Mon., Sept. 6)

CHATTAHOOCHEE Chattahoochee

Sot., Sun.

Wed., Sot., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

(Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5;
Mon., Sept. 6)

Dukes

Wed., Thurs. Wed., Thurs. Wed., Thurs. Wed., Thurs. (Wed., Sept. 1; Thurs., Sept. 2)

CHESTATEE

Boggs

Wed., Thurs. Wed., Thurs. Wed., Thurs. Wed., Thurs. (Wed., Sept. 1; Thurs., Sept. 2;

Dicks

Sat., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

(Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5; Mon., Sept. 6)

LAKE BURTON

Blood Mountain Waters

Closed Sot., Sun.

Closed Sot., Sun.

Closed Sat., Sun.

Closed Sot., Sun.

Closed (Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5;

Mon., Sept. 6)

~D~kk~~----C-l-os~ed~~----C~l~os~ed----~~C-l-os-ed--7~7-C-lo-s-ed-~C~Io~se~d~~--

Moccosin

Sot., Sun.

Sat., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

(Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5;

Mon., Sept. 6)

Wildcat

Sot., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

Sot., Sun.

(Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5; Mon., Sept. 6)

LAKE RUSSELL

Middle Brood

Wed., Sat., Sun.

Wed., Sot., Sun.

Wed., Sot., Sun.

Wed., Sot., Sun.

(Wed., Sept. 1;
Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5; Mon., Sept. 6)

WARWOMAN

Finney

Wed., Thurs. Sot., Sun

Wed., Thurs. Sot., Sun.

(Wed., Sept. 1; Thurs., Sept. 2) Mon., Sept. 6)

Sorohs

Wed., Thurs. Sat., Sun.

Wed., Thurs. Sat., Sun.

(Wed., Sept. 1; Thurs., Sept. 2) Mon., Sept. 6)

Walnut Fork and Hoods Creek

Sat., Sun.

Wed., Thurs. Sot., Sun.

Wed., Thurs.

(Sot., Sept. 4; Sun., Sept. 5; Mon., Sept. 6)

Tuckoluge

Closed

Closed

Closed

Closed

Closed

TROUT SEASONS

Open season April 1 through October 2. All trout waters are open for fishing Streams closed to fishing: Coleman from 30 minutes before sunrise until 30

River upstream from U.S. Forest Service Bridge No. 54 (Coleman River Road); Dicks Creek (Burton Management Area), entire length inside management area: Blood Mountain Creek (Chestatee Management Area). entire length inside man-
agement area.

minutes after sunset.
No night trout fishing is allowed on trout streams open during the regular state trout season. Trout fishing at night on major reservoirs is permitted.
Creel limit: 8 per day, 8 in possession.

SQUIRREL SEASONS

August 14. 1971. through September 4. 1971. in the counties of Harris. Talbot. Upson. Monroe. Jones. Baldwin. Hancock. Warren. McDuffie. Columbia and all coun-

ties north of those listed. Bag limit 10 daily. Statewide season is October 16. 1971.
through February 29. 1972. Bag limit I0 daily.

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