Georgia game and fish [Vol. 5, no. 2 (Feb. 1970)]

GEORGIA

VOL 5, NO. 2 I FEBRUARY, 1970

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,

~GEORGIA
~GAME&FISH

February 1970

Volume V

Number 2

CONTENTS

Where The Wild Geese Went

John Culler

A Way To Cleaner Waters Dean Wohlgemuth 5

Fishing In The Great Indoors!

Marvin Tye 8

Georgia Teachers Go To School

John Culler 11

Voices In The Wilderness?

13

Outdoor World

15

Sportsmen Speak

16

Sportsman's Calendar

17

Tide Table

17

Lester G. Maddox Governor
George T. Bagby Director. State Game & F1sh CommiSSIOn

COMMISSIONERS

Clyde Dixon Chairman
Cleveland-9th District William Z. Camp, Sec. Newnan-Hh District
James Darby Vidalia-1st District
William E. Smith Americus-3rd District Charles L. Davidson, Jr. Avondale Estates-4th District

Richard Tift Vice Chairman Albany-2nd District Rankin M. Smith Atlanta-5th District J. B. Langford Calhoun-7th District Judge Harley Langdale Valdosta-8th District Leonard Bassford Augusta-lOth District

Jimmie Williamson Darien-Coasta I District
TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION Jack A. Crockford, Assistant Director
Leon Kirkland, Fisheries Chief Hubert Handy, Game Management Chief

LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION Bill Cline, Major
Deputy State Chief, Atlanta J. D. Atchison, Major
Deputy State Chief, Metter David Gould, Major
Supervisor of Coastal Fisheries Brunswick
GEORGIA GAME & FISH STAFF
Jim Morrison, Editor
Dean Wohlgemuth Staff Writer
Marvin Tye, Staff Writer John Cuiler, Staff Writer
J. Hall, Staff Writer Ted Borg, Photographer

Georgia Game and Fish is the official monthly magazine of the Georgia Game and Fish Commission, published of the Commission's offices, TrinityWashington Building, 270 Washington St., Atlanta, Georgia 30334. No odvor tising accepted. Subscriptions ore SJ for one year or $2.50 for three years. Printed by Stein Printing Company, ,.tlonto, Go. Notification of address change must include both old and new address and ZIP code, with 30 days notice. No subscription request will be accepted without ZIP code. Articles and photograplu may be reprinted. Proper credit should be given. Contributions ore welcome, but the editors assume no responsibility or liability lor lon or damage of articles, photographs, or illustrations. Second-class po1tage
paid at Atlanta, Go.

Controversy and Conservation
by Governor Lester G. Maddox
(Excerpts from a speech to the annual convention of the Georgia Sportsmen's Federation, Thomaston, Ga., Dec. 6, 1969)
I am happy to meet again with the dedicated members of the Georgia Sportsmen's Federation to participate in the ceremonies to honor the young people and adults who have made outstanding contributions in the area of conservation of our natural resources.
Members of this Georgia organization and their counterparts in other states are deserving of recognition. themselves. for their own outstanding achievements, both as individuals and as an organization.
People sometimes join clubs and well-known organizations out of selfish interests. They may be looking for status. for votes. for financial contacts and for any number of other personal gains.
On a rare occasion, such might be the case with a member of a conservation group. but the great majority of men and women who take up the banner of conservation do so out of the purest of motives, if you'll pardon the pun.
Like other citizens, they choke on the big city smog. watch dead fish wash up on the beach of their favorite swimming hole and read about the unspoiled swamp or coastal area that is threatened with pollution or total extinction.
Like other citizens, for the most part, members of your organization got a little upset when the incidence of pollution and exploitation continued to increase.
But, unlike most citizens, the people who gravitated to the Georgia Sportsmen's Federation did not just say, "Somebody ought to do something about that."
Instead. they said, "I ought to do something about this waste of our natural resources."
We need more Georgians and more Americans with your civic pride. your initiative, your love of land, your appreciation of natural beauty and your long-range vision.
If this were an ideal world. every person would be conservation-minded. but the world is full of greedy people who don't bother to think of their neighbors of today. much less of the generations yet unborn who are daily being robbed of a part of their heritage.
And the threat to our natural resources is likely to become much worse before it gets better.
It is estimated that the United States will have some fifty percent more people in it by the end of this century. All factors considered. I believe that Georgia's growth rate will be approximately twice that of the national average. That means that, over the next thirty years, we are going to have to find places to put nearly five million more people.
Continued on Page 15
ON THE COVER: Canada geese wing their way into the sky above a grain field. In recent years, sightings of geese in Georgia have virtually stopped, and the hunting season for them was closed entirely in 1969. For the reasons, see John Culler's interesting account of "Where The Wild Geese Went" on the opposite page. Painting by Duane Raver. ON THE BACK COVER: "A Man And His Dog." There's something special in the way George Sturgis of Twin City feels about Lady, his 11-year-old English Setter, who is nearing the end of her hunting career. According to George's diary, Lady has been responsible for her master bagging 3,119 quail by the beginning of this year, and an uncounted number of woodcocks. Lady also retrieves doves ("mine and everybody else's," George says), and is a fair squirrel dog ("sometimes she barks up the wrong tree"). But rabbit running is out. ("We have an understanding about that.") George says Lady once trailed a running quail that crossed a wide field and a paved road twice. ("When she finds a quail, he might as well come out with his hands up.") There is a saying that every man is entitled to at least one good wife and one good dog during his lifetime. George is a happy man. Color photo by Charles M. Marshall.
PHOTO CREDITS: Ted Borg 8, t. & c. 10. 13, 14, 15; John Culler 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, b. 12; Rockmart Journal 9; Wilson Hall t. 12; Jim Tyler c. 12; Wilderness Camp b. 10; Dean Wohlgemuth 5, 6, 7; Marvin Tye 8, 11, t. I. & t. r.; Wilderness Camp 11 b.

Why aren't geese seen in Georgia migrating south each winter, and north every spring? Biologists say there is just as many geese, but their migration habit has been halted by food planted tor them on private and federal refuges in the north.
Where the
I
Went
By John Culler

Bottom: A small flock takes to the air over a refuge corn field. The goose season was closed in Georgia this winter to help federal refuge efforts succeed.

Having a flock of geese land right on

T

top of you is about as frightening as

being stampeded by a herd of turkeys.

It's a rare sight today in Georgia.

Left: The call of the wild! The sight and sound of a flight of geese passing high overhead sends a thrill through the heart of millions.
Right: Those aren't decoys, they're the real McCoy! Perhaps these geese in
a refuge pond at Harris Neck will one day be responsible for Georgia waterfowl
hunters again enjoying goose hunting.

The Canada goose, object of song, ballad and poem and long the symbol of longing for a distant place, is changing his ways. No longer do long strings of these powerful birds wing their way south to spend the winter, nor can the coming of spring be annou nced by their return to their far north nesting grounds.
Oh, they come south all right, but only as far south as Maryland , Illinois, Wisconsin and like places. The thousands of geese that once wintered at the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge near Tallahassee and other southern refuges have shrunk to a mere handful. It's not that there aren't many geese anymore. One federal official estimated that we have more geese now on the North American continent than we ever had. But they are being short-stopped. In our northern states the federal and state governments as well as wealthy in-

dividuals have created refuges where the great birds are given food and protection, and the geese have responded.
Last year 435,000 geese wintered in Maryland, and 15 years ago the peak was only 20,000 birds. Hundreds of thousands of gee e now winter at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge in Wisconsin, Crab Orchard and Horse Shoe Lake Refuges in Illinois, and at Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Missouri. Compare this with Florida's St. Marks Refuge, where once 30,000 geese spent the winter. Last year only 2,100 birds showed up.
You can imagine what effect this has had on the goose hunting in southern states. This season is the first year the entire state of Georgia has been closed to goo e hunting. And Arkansas and Louisiana, long envied as the greatest of all waterfowl states, no longer have a Canada goose season.

Below: The Harris Neck National Wildlife Refuge manager predicts that south
Georgia may have native goose shooting again within eight to 12 years. The goose on the right has a special neckband so biologists can easily recognize him.

Left: A squadron of Canadian geese cruise near one of the refuge's many wood duck boxes, another wildlife restoration project that is already paying oft in Georgia. Construction of the boxes has been urged by state, federal, and private conservation agencies for years.

Geese are very unusual birds, and as far as their relationship with man goes, they have been lucky. Geese traditionally nest in the Hudson-James Bay area of Canada, and some further north, even as far north as the Arctic Circle. Because their far-north nesting ground is not desirable for farm land, their nesting areas haven't been subjected to the drainage ditch as have those of ducks. Consequently, they have been able to hold their own even against strong hunting pressure.
They are also unusual in that they mate for life, and they defend their nests with a fierce determination seldom found among birds. And unlike most waterfowl, the male bird assumes parental responsibility after the young have hatched. These admirable traits, plus the fact that waterfowl traditionally nest in the same area where they were hatched, give hope to the future of the Canada

goose in Georgia. Jn 1965, on the Harris Neck National
Wildlife Refuge on the Georgia coast, Refuge Manager Preston Lane and Biological Technician Hobart Hutchinson began experimenting with Canada gee e in an attempt to get them to nest in Georgia. Today, five years later, Lane not only classifie the project a success, but predicts limited native goose hunting in South Georgia within another eight to twelve years!
The same thjng had been tried earlier with mallard ducks, but while the ducks would nest, the hen , with no help from her mate, did not have the strength and size to defend her nest and brood from the many predators in the coastal area. Consequently, crows, gulls, snakes, racoons, possums and the like had a field day feasting on duck eggs and ducklings. But, with geese, it's a different story. A pair of geese won't accept a

nest unless a "gander stand," is located nearby. Thi is usually a log, stump, or mound within 30 feet where the gander can watch over the nest. And nothing comes near the nest unless it gets by that gander first. Both male and female gee e are fierce fighters , and mo t possums and skunks had rather forget it than tangle with one.
The geese at Harris Neck came from two source - wild and semi-domestic. A captive flock was moved to the area in !963 , and a! o that same year twenty semi-domestic Canadas were purchased and added to the flock. Some young birds from Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge were transferred to Harris Neck in 1964.
Geese are three years old before they nest, and in 1965, there were five known nests on the refuge, but only seven gosling hatched. But in 1966, in an effort termed "extremely encourag-

3

Some of the goose nesting boxes used on the refuge are covered, but it
doesn't seem to make much difference to the geese, as long as a gander stand is located nearby for Papa to stand guard duty.
The Harris Neck goose nesting area is enclosed with a predator proof fence, charged with electricity in the next to the top wire.

ing" by Lane, fifteen pairs nested and 40 young goslings were produced. In 1967, there were 20 nests and 89 young geese hatched. Eight of these were transferred to the Eufaula Wildlife Refuge which is located on the Walter F. George Reservoir in an effort to establish a flock there. The same year seven nests were found off the refuge, and it is known these nests produced 21 goslings to wing.
Production of geese increased annually each year, and this year 190 young goslings hatched. There were a! o reports of nesting geese both north and south of the refuge. Only two nests on the refuge were unsuccessful: one female was killed by a bobcat, and a possum managed to destroy the eggs in another. After hatching, 46 of the geese were transferred to other refuges, all in "family" units.
Lane said plans were to move some

of the nesting geese this season to both St. Marks and Eufaula. He also said there were many other areas in Georgia that would be suitable for nesting geese, particularly around large reservoirs and large swamps.
The geese on Harris Neck have just about reached the carrying capacity of the 2,687 acre refuge, but Lane said there was enough room to add one more large pond. "We hope to eventually have a flock of 500-800 geese on Harris Neck as permanent residents," Lane said, "But the best th.ing is the geese are spreading out on private property around the refuge, and are continuing to spread."
Young geese are primarily grazers, and need green plants. Browse was made available to the geese throughout the year by mowing perennial grasses to encourage young "shoots" and by planting such annuals as winter wheat, rye

grass, millet, and oats. More nesting

sites were also built this year.

Lane credits luck with the success-of

the project. "We weren't sure that the

geese would adjust to the Georgia cli-

mate during the summer, but they did

and are doing great."

The success of the project, although

limited in scope, didn't come a minute

too soon. Lane said 1966 was the first

year in the history of the Savannah

Wildlife Refuge that no geese were ob-

served migrating south during the fall.

He also had a brighter outlook for

Georgia produced mallards. "The large

beaver swamps are now producing

some mallards, and one day most of the

ducks in this state will be produced

here," he said.

Meanwhile, don't rush out and buy

any goose shells, but keep your fingers

crossed.

~

4

How would you go about enforcing regulations against polluting Georgia's lakes with marine toilets . . . that is, toilets on boats?
Georgia's Water Quality Control Board, a nine-member board created by

the Water Quality Control Act of 1964, has that problem to solve. And after three years or so of work, the WQCB thinks the situation is progressing satisfactorily.
Obviously, this is a job that can't be done simply by knocking on doors. And you just can't chase down every cabin cruiser, houseboat and sailboat to enforce the law.
Marshall Gaddis and Ken Martin, marine technologists with WQCB, whose job it is to see that the regulation is enforced, have a much more tactful method of enforcement. Although cooperating with WQCB in any way it can, the Game and Fish Commission has no responsibility or authority to enforce sanitation regulations.
The first problem, obviously, is to learn which boats are equipped with marine toilets . . . heads, as they're known to boaters. This is ::hfficult, since boat registration records don't include that information, and sailboats aren't registered anyway.
However, vessels equipped with heads
are, with relatively minor exception, large enough that they're not trailered to a body of water for a one-day cruise, then returned to a carport at home.

These vessels are normally kept at one marina or dock permanent!\'.
So Gaddis and Martin systematically began checking out all th.e large boats in the state, going from one lake to another, checking first one ma rina. then the next. It has been a long job, and it isn't complete. But every marina on every lake in the state has been paid several visits, and results of the inspections are looking good.
Most of the inspections are on weekends and holidays when boat owners are most likely to be found on their crafts. A check of the boat can then be made, the treatment device aboard can be inspected and certified when approved. And of course, when standards are not met, the owner is advised of the regulation and what he needs to do to abide by it.
Just what do Gaddis and Martin look for? What can an inspection do to assure that a boat won't pollute the water? The regulation requires that any vessel with a head must have suitable treatment equipment attached and in operation.
Several types of equipment are available from many manufacturers, which
will do the job. But basically, there are

two major divisions in types. One of these grinds and disinfects the waste before it is discharged. The other utilizes a holding tank which must be pumped out to on-shore treatment facilities.
The Water Quality Control Board frowns on the second type primarily because there are no marinas in Georgia with facilities to pump out holding tanks. And WQCB feels that the onboard treatment and disposal type is satisfactory for protecting the water.
The on-board treatment types are of several designs and methods, some equipped with grinders which allow them to double as garbage disposal units, others which are capable of treating onl y human waste, rendering it non-objectionable. In this second type of unit, garbage must not be put into the commode.
Once a boat is approved , a certificate of inspection sticker is attached to the boat, near the boat registration sticker, to avoid repeat checking. There is no charge for this certificate and inspec-
The waste disposal outlets on most boats are located just below the waterline. Pumping sewage ashore has failed to be practical in Georgia, and Board studies show that treatment devices are handling the problem in congested lake areas.

Large Georgia boats are beginning to display two stickers on theJr windshields. The new one on the right issued by the State Water Quality Control Board certifies that the boat has an approved sewage treatment device. The State Game and Fish Commission registers motorboats (sticker on left), but does not have jurisdiction over marine sanitation regulations.
6

tion, and the certificate is valid for as long as the treatment device is in working order.
If a boat does not meet standards, the owner is notified and required to bring hjs craft into compliance.
One of the biggest aids to WQCB's program is that all manufacturers within Georgia of houseboats and other large boats with beads, now are installing proper equipment at the factory before the boat is sold. However, many boats made outside Georgia must have sanitation equipment installed prior to launching in waters of the state.
Cost of such equipment varies from one model and make to another, but general cost runs from about $11 0 plus $75 installation, to $300 plus $75-100 per unit. Some marinas will sell and install the units for boat owners.
The job will never be completely finished, since new boats are bought and launched in Georgia waters all the time. However, approximately 86 per cent of the inspections on boats with heads made on any given inspection tour will result in a certificate of inspection being issued . . . in other words, 86 per cent
Marshall Gaddis, a marine technologist
for the Water Quality Control Board, is in charge of making on-board inspections of boat sewage treatment devices, required on any boat
with a marine toilet.

of the sanitation-equipped boats inspected are in compliance.
The number of boats in the state that are equipped with marine heads is not available and will not be unless registration of boats requires providing information on whether or not each boat is equipped with a marine toilet.
Gaddis said that more than 1,000 boats have been certified and some 5,000 inspections have been made . . . which indicates why such regulations are necessary. It is necessary to inspect large boats to determine whether there is sanitation equipment on board, even though only about 20 per cent of them are equipped.
He added that boat owners have shown a great deal of willingness to work with WQCB. "We have had no trouble with people trying to get around us. There has been some foot dragging, but we've found that by and large, people who have boats of this type are willing and eager to comply. They seem to realize that these regulations are for the benefit of all who use our lakes, themselves included, and they want to do their part."
He added that thanks to this kind of cooperation, WQCB has been able to handle the entire program through a public relations-type approach, and have oot as yet had to rely on any hard-fisted enforcement tactics.

The Board released a report this fall

on a two-year survey made by WQCB,

which indicates that the water quality in

the area of concentrated treatment de-

vices is satisfactory. This is the first

time such a study has been undertaken,

Gaddis said.

It is upon this study that WQCB bases

its preference of the on-board type

treatment devices.

Further information about what is re-

quired can be obtained from WQCB. A

brochure, containing information and

common questions and answers, may be

obtained by writing Georgia Water

Quality Control Board, 47 Trinity Ave.

S.W. , Atlanta, Ga., 30334, or phoning

(404) 688-4033.

Continued cooperation by all boat

owners can insure that Georgia's waters

will remain clean enough for all of us to

use, whether for recreation or municipal

use. It's your water . . . help keep it

clean!

...-

Top: Gaddis inspects a treatment device which uses an ammonium compound to break down wastes. This model, the Raritan Crown Head, is considered one of the best devices available.
Bottom: Some units use a hand pump to flush the commode, and use a five
per cent hypochloride solution, or regular household bleach. Only the
chemical recommended for a specific
type of toilet should be used in that unit. Substitutes can place it out of compliance with the law.
7

Two floating covered fishing docks at Wilderness Camp on
Lake Allatoona provide comfortable fishing in cold weather. A sunken brushpile
placed between the two structures attracts crappie,
bass, and other fish.
By Marvin Tye

To many anglers , cold winter weather and frequent rainfall signal the end of another fish~ng season. They would rather sit home in comfort than to brave the elements in order to catch fish.
You don't have to put your tackle away just because the weather is not comfortable. Nor do you have to bundle up in several layers of warm clothing and sit outside on a day that may be considerably less than ideal. Facilities on Lake Allatoona provide the answer with indoor fishing.
Not long ago I drove up to Wilderness Camp on the north shore of the lake. There I found a metal building on the water that looks like a boathouse to the casual observer. Not what it appears, the structure is actually a floating house with large holes in the floor to allow fishing for bass and crappie.
Not only do the walls provide protection from the cold, gas heaters suspended from the roof provide plenty of warmth. There are cushioned seats of the type found in movie theatres and electric lights to provide comfort for the night fisherman . Due to the popularity of the first structure, another like it has been added at the other end of the dock.
When Terry Chupp and I visited the

spot not long ago, we found four retired gentlemen from Atlanta dunking minnows in the water in hopes of catching a few crappie. The men , E. M. Cheek, C. J. Olson , A. D. Eddy and R. M. McFarland, Jr. , discussed business, travel and other subjects in a leisurely manner, not seeming to be overly concerned with whether the fish were biting or not.
I baited up with a lively minnow and caught a crappie about the size of my hand . This catch came after ablUt an hour of experimenting to find the proper depth at which to fish. The water at
Mrs. Margarette Schlepp; of Aragon caught this five-pound fourteen -ounce spotted bass Dec. 10, 1969 at the enclosed fishing barge at Wilderness Camp but crappie are the most commonly sought fish there, along with bream.

this spot varies from 40 to 60 feet in depth. At night the fish are attracted to the lights and can usually be caught only a few feet below the surface.
The idea of catching crappie from a boathouse was not entirely new to me. I have made good catches of this delectable panfish several times when fishing around pilings in other lakes. Boathouses, piers, docks and similar structures attract crappie and other fish by offering shade and cover. M. E. Coalson, who operates Wilderness Camp, provides an additional attraction for the fish every 30 days or so by dumping bread and cake into the water near the floating house. He says that he has tried hay and other baits as well as placing submerged cedar trees in the water between the two floating fishing barges. The brush piles attract fish, but do not foul the lines of fishermen because of their placement.
Baiting is legal and practiced widely in Georgia to attract fish. Hay attracts zooplankton and other small organisms which attract minnows on which the large fish feed . Submerged brushpiles provide cover for smaller fish which in turn attract larger predatory species.
The hottest action at Wilderness

Camp is usually in the months of Janu-

ary and February. Many limit catches

are made as anglers pack into the in-

door fishing area.

Although the primary species sought

in this type of fishing is the crappie,

other species such as bass, catfish and

bluegills are also taken. Mrs. Margarette

Schleppi of Aragon caught a five-

pound, fourteen-ounce spotted bass

there this past Dec. 9. She caught it at

about 9 a.m.

Coalson said that largemouth bass up

to nine pounds and catfish of up to

seven pounds had been taken from in-

side the "fishing house." He also said

that white bass were sometimes taken in

large numbers. One angler caught a 3

lb. 12 oz. specimen while fishing inside.

The covered dock was opened in 1962,

with the second enclosed fishing area

opened in 1963. There are 32 theatre-

style chairs in each building. Both

buildings are 48 feet long by 28

feet wide. The fishing pool in the center

of each house is 12 feet wide. The an-

gler can buy a fishing ticket for 12

hours of fishing for $1.50. Live bait -

minnows and worms - can be pur-

chased at Wilderness Camp. Overnight

lodging in furnished trailers is also

available.

The indoor fishing phenomenon in

Georgia seems to be confined entirely to

Lake Allatoona. One other such facility

is located at Red Top Mountain State

Park which .is also on the shores of

Lake Allatoona. According to Park Su-

perintendent Wyatt Clark, the structure

at the park is a large enclosed wooden

building with a snack bar inside that

seats about 40 people in comfortable

cushioned chairs. The building is also

supported on floating styrofoam blocks.

It is 75 feet long and 35 feet wide. A

24-hour fishing ticket sells for $1.25.

Minnows and worms are also available

there. Bait is placed here just as at Wil-

derness Camp to attract fish .

When the cold winds blow across

Lake Allatoona, the "Indoor Sports-

man" really comes into his own. Why

not join him this winter for some off-

beat fishing pleasure?

~

CARTERSVILLE

REDTOP MTSN. STATE PARK
00 AND MARINA us 41

The crappie is the fish most sought after by anglers in the floating fishing houses. As many as 1,000 fish per night have been landed in these facilities at Wildnerness Camp!

Wilderness Camp and Redtop Mountain State Park and Marina, both designated on this map, are believed to have the only two enclosed fishing docks in Georgia.
Terry Chupp adjusts a gas heater inside the building for warmth. Heaters, overhead lights and padded chairs give almost all the comforts of home.

Each of the floating buildings at Wilderness Camp has 35 seats. Large crowds are common when the crappie begin to feed during the winter.
10

Fifty-seven Georgia teachers went back to school this summer so you and your children and your children's children can one day breathe pure air and swim in clean fresh streams.
They attended the award-winning Georgia Natural Resources Institute, a three-week course held each summer at two Georgia colleges, Valdosta State and Shorter College in Rome. They were there to learn about their environment, so they could pass their knowledge along to their students, the generation who must clean up the mess we have made with the earth if mankind is to survive.
Since it began in 1966, 168 Georgia teachers have completed this unique course, termed by many as the greatest single educational venture they have ever experienced. These teachers, and those who attend the course in the future, will return to their classrooms with a better knowledge of their surroundings, and the knowledge that man cannot continue as a species unless he preserves his environment.
Based on the premise that an unlimited amount of knowledge can be learned from a man who really knows what he is talking about, the workshop features more than forty experts in various fields of conservation who serve as guest lecturers and guides on the field trips. They are professionals who have a "working" knowledge of their subject. These men , who work with the problems that result from the misuse of our natural resources, are able to explain in laymen's terms what must be done to insure the continued use of our resources,
Georgia Teacliers Go to School
By John Culler
Mrs. Sue Standard of Columbus leads a group of Georgia teachers along a board footpath through the dense growth that surrounds Valdosta State College's biological study area, Lake Louise. The teachers were participating in the 1969 Georgia Natural Resources Institute.
11

such as soil and water, without destroying the things we depend on for survival.
The teachers are not just told how we are ruining our rivers by polluting them with sewage and industrial wastes, or how a farmer's topsoil will erode away if he doesn't terrace his fields, they are taken into the country ide and on the riverbank where they can observe for them elves. Nor are they just told about solutions that may be implemented, but they are actually shown what a farmer has done to save his land - and they see how sewage should be treated before it is released into our rivers.
Almost all of the classroom work is done in the mornings, with a field trip in the afternoon so the teacher-students can see for themselves. Things that seem ordinary and commonplace suddenly take on a new dimension when the whys and hows of their being are explained. The teachers learn to ob erve the soil , forests and wildlife through the community concept, learning that each is dependent upon the other.
One teacher said she had learned more about her surroundings in three weeks than she had learned in twentyeven years "on her own." "This workshop was the most informative one I have ever attended," another said. "It was different , interesting, with new ideas, and it concerned our dail y lives."
Several teachers who have completed the course said they thought the workshop should be required of every college student in the state. All of them, both high school and elementary teachers, sa id they had learned a tremendous amount that could be taken into their classrooms. And this is what it is all a bout.
This program actually began in the minds of a few concerned state employees, in 1965. Real izing that the state's re ources were slowly dwindling away with apparently little concern , they wanted to do something to stem the tide before it was too late. They wanted people to know why fish suddenly began dying in some streams, and the tops of pine trees turned brown and whole forests began to die. They knew it was an almo t impossible task to try to educate everyone in the state of Georgia, but th ey could reach the children . .. if they could teach the teachers first.
A meeting of con ervation agency information and education personnel in Georgia was called by Ja y McConnel , at that time one of the region al information officers of the U. S. Forest Service in Atlanta. It was decided to form a State Natural Resource Education Council to unify the efforts of all state and federal conservation agencies and educational groups behind the program. Jim Morrison , the information education chief of the State Game and Fish

Credit obtained through the Institute

may be used to fulfill requirements of

additional study for teacher certification

or certificate renewal. The course is also

open to principals and other supervisors

and to college instructors who desire ad-

ditional course credit.

The total cost of the course, including

tutition , food , and lodging for three

weeks, is $150.00. If they wish , students

may apply for a grant-in-aid through

their local school system to the State

Department of Education. If accepted,

The two institutes are directed by two noted Georgia biology department chairmen, Dr. Philip Greear of Rome's Shorter College (above), and Dr. Clyde Connell of Valdosta State College (below).

the student pays the fee and is later reimbursed by the state.
Many state organizations and businesses are also interested in the course, and contribute toward the program. Sportsmen's clubs, women's clubs, Soil

and Water Conservation Districts, civic

clubs, garden clubs and many businesses

and individuals have pitched in to help .

Donations range from several complete

scholarships to just a few dollars. So far ,

through the help of the State Depart-

ment of Education and other contribu-

tors, the Resource Education Council

has been able to place every teacher at-

tending the workshop on scholarship.

This has been no small task, but as each

summer passes, the workshop grows

stronger as more people learn about the

course and its benefits, both present and

future , to all Georgians.

The course begins with geology,

which is the beginning of life. The stu-

dents learn how the earth was formed ,

and how it is changing even today. They

learn that the seashore is constantly

shifting, and why. The course prog-

re ses through soils, forests, air and

water, and ends with three days of fish

Fish biologist John Frey of the State Gameand Fish Commission shows teachers how to analyze water for its oxygen content, an important factor in the Jives of fish that many

and wildlife tudy. The students learn to identify trees, and are taught how their class can make a leaf collection. They lea rn to identify soil types, and they see under the microscope why some soil is

youngsters aren't aware of.

good for crops and another type is not.

They learn the value of wildlife, and

Commission, was elected the first chair- they see what happens to a stream when

man of the Council in 1965.

an indu trial plant far away decides to

Science curriculum adm ini trators in dump its waste material in the water.

the State Department of Education be- They visit a lumber mill , where they

came interested in the program and of- learn the value of trees when they are

fered their advice and assistance, which made into lumber, and they visit the

was eagerly accepted . With the selection Okefenokee Swamp, where the drama

of Shorter and Valdo ta State colleges, of nature unfolds all around them, and

the workshop was on its way.

they learn the value of trees left stand-

Next summer's courses will be held at ing.

Shorter College in Rome from June 15- Summer courses for teachers in con-

July 3, and at Valdosta State from June ervation are also held in other states ,

22-Jul y 10 making the fifth year of such as Tennessee, Virginia , and Michi-

continuous operation of the Institute.

ga n as Americans everywhere see that

Students taking the course receive ei- we mu t learn to be a part of nature, be-

ther three and one-third semester hours cause we can never be masters of our

or five qu arter hours of credit toward environment.

either an undergraduate degree or Mas- We have only made a start in Geor-

ter of Education degree. Undergraduate gia, and have about 50,000 more teach-

credit is available from either school , ers to go. But it is a start, and a sure-

and graduate credit is given by Valdosta fire investment in the future of our

State, which has a graduate program.

children.

,._

12

The Federation's highest honor, the Conservationist of the Year Award, was presented by Governor Maddox to Mrs. Charles Yarn of Atlanta for her efforts to preserve Georgia's islands and marshes through purchases by the Nature Conservancy, Inc.

Members of the Georgia Sportsman's Federation were stunned by the sobering report on pesticide poisoning of both men and wildlife delivered at their annual convention's opening luncheon by Joseph P. Linduska, associate director of the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.

George T. Bagby, Director of the State Game and Fish Commission, was awarded the Federation's Water Conservationist of the Year Award for his fight to halt destructive phosphate mining plans on the Georgia coast.

Voices inthe Wilderness?

Mrs. Charles Yarn of Atlanta, who was instrumental in the drive to save three Georgia islands so they could be preserved in their natural state, has been named Georgia's Conservationist of the Year by the Georgia Sportsmen's Federation .
At an awards banquet held in Thomaston in December, Governor Lester Maddox presented Mrs. Yarn with two trophies, first as Wildlife Conservationist of the Year, then the Governor's Award , a beautiful bald eagle, signifying the state's highest conservation award.
Others honored included Representat-ive Reid Harris of Brunswick, as "Legislative Conservationist of the Year;" Lamar Franklin of Marietta, "Soil Conervationist of the Year;" George T. Bagby, Director of the Game and Fish Commission, "Water Conservationist of the Year;" Frank Craven, Chief of Fore t Education, Georgia Forestry Commis ion, "Forest Conservationist of the Year ;" Dr. Hubert B. Owens, Dean of the School of Environmental Design, University of Georgia, "Conservation Educator of the Year," and Bob Harrell

of the Atlanta Constitution received the "Conservation Communications Award of the Year."
Bagby was presented the Water Conservationist Award for his efforts in protecting Georgia's coastal marshes from exploitation by an oil company which sought to mine phosphates on state-owned sea bottoms.
Andy Burns of Tifton was named "Youth Conservationist of the Year." Di trict youth conservationist winners included Andy Burns, Tifton ; Mike Sumner, Sumn er; Gayle Smith, Georgetown Kerry Steed, Roopville; Mark Reed Callaway, Ringgold ; Janet Gaskin, Lakeland ; Melvina Ray, Talking Rock; and Carol Thomas, Covington .
Mrs . Yarn, who believes Georgi a has a tremendous opportunity to have something unusual through the preservation of its coastal islands, became interested in the coast through her membership in the Georgia Association of Landscape De ign Appraisers. This organization once had as a project the preservation of the marshes of Glynn County, but two years ago expanded its coastal proj-

ect to include the entire coast. Mrs. Yarn found the Nature Conser-
vancy was interested in purchasing islands along the Georgia coast, which they would then turn over to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This would insure the islands would be forever kept in their natural state. Through her effort , Wolf and Egg Islands near the mouth of the Altamaha River, came under the Conservancy's ownership. A hort time ago she was named to the Conservancy's Board of Governors, and since then the Conservancy purchased 5,000-acre Wassaw Island near Savannah .
"We intend to continue working to save Georgia's coast, her islands and marshlands," she said. "But right now we are desperatel y in need of some sort of legislation to protect the coast."
And legislation to protect the coast is the reason Reid Harris was named "Legislati ve Conservationist of the Year." He introduced a bill in the Georgia House last term which would require proof of ownership before the marsh can be altered . The bill passed

13

Top: State Representative Reid Harris of Brunswick was named Legislative Conservationist of the Year tor his efforts in guiding a coastal marshlands protection bill, H. B. 212, through the Georgia House. His bill is now under consideration by the State Senate.
Bottom: Daily newspaper columnist Bob Harrel of the Atlanta Constitution was named Conservation Communicator of the Year.

Top: Conservation Organization of the Year and the Outstanding Sportsman Club award both went to the newly formed Monroe County Sportsman's Federation . President Jim Hampton of Forsyth (holding trophy) is flanked by two of the club's most active members, Elbert Jackson (lett) and S. L. Letson.
Bottom: One of the most touching moments of the Federation Convention came when combat wounded Vietnam veteran Gary Littlejohn of Barnesville was helped forward by his mother, Mrs. William G. Littlejohn, and Greg Chapman of Milner, to receive his prize tor bagging the largest antlered buck of the 1968 Georgia Big Deer Contest, a deer rifle. The deer measured 179 2! 8 points and was listed in the Boone & Crockett Club's records of North American big game. Sam Ingram of Crawford also received a rifle for his 304 pound buck in the weight division of the contest.

Top: "I didn't forget," Governor Maddox laughs with the Youth Conservationist of the Year, Andy Burns of Tifton, after delaying presentation of a shotgun from the Sears Foundation in addition to the trophy.
Bottom: Youth conservationist winners in addition to Burns included (1. tor.) Janet Gaskins, Lakeland; Mike Sumner, Sumner; Gayle Smith, Georgetown; Melvina Ray, Talking Rock; Burns; Carol Thomas, Covington; and Mark Reed Callaway, Ringgold. Not pictured is Kerry Steed, Roopville.

the House, and was scheduled to come before the Senate during this year's ses-
~ion.
Federation members heard from the heads of Georgia's major conservation agencies during the convention , in addition to Governor Lester Maddox's address to the awards convention. a portion of which appears on the inside front cover of this issue. Game and Fish Commission Director George T. Bagby reported on the accomplishments of the Commission in the past three years.
Featured speaker at the luncheon was Joseph P. Linduska, Associate director of the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife in Washington , D. C., who startled sportsmen with a sobering re-

port of pesticide pollution of the environment. He said the reproduction of many species of wildlife, especially predators. has already been seriously reduced.
"Even more shocking is the realization that man himself is slowly being poisoned by long lasting pesticides like DDT which are accumulating in his body," Linduska said. As an illustration , he cited the fact that the average mother's breast milk now contains more DDT than the Federal Food and Drug Administration allows in cow's milk sold for human consumption.
Tommie Holliman of Thomaston was re-elected president of the Federation and Clyde Greenway of Tucker was re-

elected executive vice president. Don

Stickely of Lake Park was elected exec-

utive secretary and treasurer, succeeding

James L. Adams of Stone Mountain,

who did not run for reelection.

District vice presidents elected were:

First District, Billy Stephens of States-

boro; Second District, Walt Gilbert of

Albany; Third District, Mike Matthews

of Preston; Fourth District, Charles In-

gram of Decatur; Sixth District, James

Hampton of Forsyth; Seventh District,

Joe McConnell of Harralson County;

Eighth District, Louis Raulerson of

DuPont; and 1Oth District, Ralph

Matson of Augusta. Vice presidents

were not named for the fifth and ninth

districts.

,_.

14

MADDOX (Cont'd from IFC)

After electing its new officers for 1970, members of the State Game and Fish Commission met with Governor Lester G. Maddox at their annual Christmas luncheon.
From left to right is James Darby of Vidalia, 1969 chairman; Governor Maddox; Clyde Dixon of Vidalia, new 1970 chairman; and Richard Tift of Albany, new vice-
chairman.

Dixon Named New G& F Chairman
Clyde Dixon of Cleveland, Ga. , has been elected new chairman of the State Game and Fish Commission. The 43year-old Commissioner from the Ninth Congressional District was named to the one-year term by other members of the board.
Dixon, executive vice president of the People's Bank in Cleveland, succeeds James Darby of Vidalia, who remains on the Commission as the representative of the First Congressional District.
Richard Tift of Albany was elected vice chairman, succeeding Leonard Bassford of Augusta, who represents the Tenth District. William Z. Camp of Newnan was re-elected secretary-treasurer. Tift is in the real estate business, and represents the Second District, while Camp is tax commissioner for Coweta County, representing the Sixth Congressional District on the Commission.
George T. Bagby remains as director of the Game and Fish Commission. Under the Georgia constitution, one commissioner is appointed by the governor from each of the 11 congressional districts in the state to act as a governing body over the department. Commissioners are named to staggered sevenyear terms.
High Yield Timber Bill Pressed in House
Timber interests are pressing for quick action on H.R. 12025, the bill to make timbering a primary purpose on

most national forest lands, the Wildlife Management Institute reports.
It would earmark all unallocated receipts from the sale of national forest timber and other products to a fund for use only for intensified timber management. This could run to $200 million or more for timber alone. Other national forest uses, such as wildlife, recreation, grazing, and the rest, would be left to the uncertainties of the appropriations process. Timber would have a regular nest egg to rely on.
H.R. 12025, described as a chainsaw backlash against conservationists, may come up for a House vote soon.
Ammunition Regulations Re laxed
Legal pressures are being relaxed for many hunters with a recent Senate action which eliminates the registration requirement for some ammunition purchases as called for in the Gun Control Act of 1968.
The Senate gave approval of House Resolution 12829 which was sent to the President for his signature, when it became law.
However, the bill fell short of most sportsmen's expectations by leaving the requirement for purchasers of .22 caliber rifle cartridges. As it stands all shotgun shells and rifle cartridges, except for .22, will be exempt from the registration requirement.
Sportsmen from throughout the nation have urged lawmakers to strike the registration portion of the Gun Control Act since it became law.

There is little doubt that the influx of people will crowd some deer out of the swamps, some quail out of the fields and some squirrels out of the mountains.
Swamps will be drained, creeks will be dredged, dams will be constructed and the threat of air and water pollution will be a constant problem.
Conservation laws already on the books will provide us with a good deal of the protection needed, but the enforcement of such laws always has been, and always will be, a tough job.
When a chemical plant accidentally "sterilizes" a stream with pollutants, even if a fine is levied, the stream is useless to the public for years to come.
And, when industrialization overburdens the sewerage treatment facilities of a community, few politicians would be willing to put several hundred people out of work to, as some would say, "save a few tadpoles."
And, so it seems obvious to me that the most effective way for any group interested in conservation to get the job done is through educating the public.
If an attitude of conservation can be produced nationwide, then the occasional "big controversies" would become fewer and fewer in number. Most reputable industries spend a lot of money to project a favorable image to the buying public. Once they become aware of the buying public's interest in conservation, then industry, too, will be much more conservation-minded than it is.
The same is true of politicians, who often have the final say on projects which present a potential threat to our wildlife and other natural resources. They react to pressure, and when the bulk of the pressure comes from conservationists, your side will win.
But, it is obvious that we can't just pack people on top of people to avoid expanding the habitat of man any further into the kingdom of our wildlife.
Compromises will have to be made. Your job will be to help keep the sacrifices to a minimum.
(The Governor ended his ad-
dress by pointing out the need to
place more emphasis on preserving
our basic freedoms as Americans.
"It won't do a sportsman who likes
to hunt much good to save a wild-
life habitat from destruction if the
move is successful to deny Ameri-
cans the right to possess and bear
arms." he said.)

15

WORK AND DEVOTION
I have enjoyed my issues of Game and Fish immensely, also I have gained a great deal of knowledge pertaining to wildlife and its preservation. Your work and devotion that can be seen in the Game and Fish magazine make me very proud to be a native citizen of Georgia, and its leading fathers in the State Capitol.
Game and Fish is a very good example to people of this state and others, that we care a great deal for our natural resources and wildlife and its preservation. Please keep up the good work.
Very Proud of My State Robert L. Ward Savannah, Georgia
DDT
I would like for you to read about DDT and how it is destroying wildlife. (Clipping enclosed)
Robbie Hammond Hapeville, Georgia
We do read about DDT, and we hear from people who share your concern, but the battle is far from won. In fact, the following item in favor of DDT from a Georgia agricultural group's newsletter came to us in the mail along with your letter:
"Opponents of DDT in New Jersey have succeeded in banning the use of that chemical against the gypsy moth in contending the chemical was a threat to wildlife. An aerial survey last summer indicated that trees in some 38,190 acres in seven N. J. counties were severely defoliated by the heaviest moth infestation in years . . . Defoliation in the same place next year, he added, will mean tree loss. And dead trees mean less food and shelter for wildlife, increased danger of fire and soil erosion from run-off flooding!"
The fact which is ignored by the group's newsletter is that DDT is not the best way to control these pests. Internationally recognized authority on pesticides, Rachel Carson, in her book Silent Spring says that "The gypsy moth program shows what a vast amount of damage can be done when reckless large-scale treatment (with DDT) is substituted for local and moderate control." The gypsy moth has been in this country for over 100 years and has been controlled, until recently, by natural means, such as importation of its natural enemies: other predators. Natural control does not threaten wildlife. In 1956 "all-out chemical war" was declared on the gypsy moth and huge areas sprayed from airplanes, including dairy farms, gardens, towns, fish ponds, marshes and suburbs. Livestock was killed, milk supplies and produce contaminated and made unmarketable, and birds, fish, crabs, and useful insects like honey bees destroyed. In short, as Rachel Carson said, "The expensive spraying operation had in reality accomplished nothing at all."
POACHING
During the past few years I have spent a lot of time in Georgia's Piedmont section, particularly Jasper, Jones and Putnam Counties, looking at land, etc., as I am in the real estate business. During this time deer hunting has become my favorite sport.
As you know, this section of the state has

an excellent deer population, however, it seems to me that unless something is done about the illegal poaching in this area, the now "excellent" deer population will surely decrease in the near future.
It seems to be the local custom in this area to open the deer season at least a month ahead of the regular season. I think most bow hunters will testify to this by the number of rifle shots they hear each day during the October bow season. Hunting with dogs is also common, as well as night hunting. One local resident of Monticello, Georgia, told me that he estimated that for every deer killed legally, 100 were killed illegally. I've also heard of a resident of Grey, Georgia, who boasts of killing 103 deer during 1968.
I realize that the Game and Fish Department has a limited budget and it's impossible to -hire enough Wildlife Rangers to effectively patrol every County as it should be. However, it is my opinion, as well as other deer hunters that I've talked with, that the Game and Fish Commission can and should do more than it is presently doing to enforce Georgia game laws, particularly regarding deer hunting. For instance, more should be done to publicize the name, address and phone number of each Wildlife Ranger in each county. In other words, make the local citizens more conscious of their presence, as well as how to easily get in touch with them to report a violation.
In addition, why can't the State post a $100.00 reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of a violator, and have a standard $500.00 fine for each conviction. This way the State can make money and you can bet that some of these "poachers" will think twice before committing what I'm sure all sportsmen consider an inexcusable crime.
Lewis A. Ray Marietta, Ga.
The name, address, and home telephone number of the wildlife ranger patrolling each Georgia county can be obtained from the sheriff's office in the courthouse, and reports of violations can be relayed to him through that office. Collect telephone calls to report game Jaw violations are accepted at all of the Game and Fish Commission's 12 district law enforcement offices, as well as at the State Capitol. The telephone numbers are printed in the current hunting regulations booklet, available free on request, or the numbers can be obtained from the information operator where a Commission office is located.
Commission officials feel that a reward system would help, but the existing law would have to be amended to authorize it, and a special appropriation of the General Assembly made to finance it.
Undoubtedly, most fines for game and fish Jaw violations are too low. For many years, the Commission has felt that they should be increased. However, under Georgia law, all such violations are classified as misdemeanors, leaving the amount of the fine and sentence, if any, to the trial judge provided that it does not exceed $1,000 or 12 months in jail. Often, the amount of the fine doesn't even pay for court costs, and if there is anything left, it goes to the county school fund, not the State Game and Fish Commission.
In some counties, even getting a small fine is unusual. Lack of interest by the county sheriff, grand jury, attorney general, and judge in securing active prosecution and conviction can make worrying about rewards or fines an exercise in futility. When the citizens of the county are interested in wildlife conservation and demand stringent enforcement of the law by all law enforce-

ment and judicial officials, they usually get their way.
WONDERFUL JOB
Please let me congratulate the staff of Game and Fish for the wonderful job they have done this first three years. Every sportsman in Georgia can truly be proud of this fine magazine.
While I'm at it, let me say thanks also to the unsung heroes of the Commission, the biologists and wildlife rangers who are both overworked and underpaid. We need more of both.
I realize it would take money to do this. So why not sell trout stamps and deer tags separate from the hunting licenses? I'm sure that every person who really enjoys deer hunting and trout fishing would support this plan wholeheartedly.
Also, many hunters probably don't realize that this could mean more game management areas in which the average guy could hunt for a small fee.
While in the Navy I was stationed in the state of Washington. I had to purchase tags to hunt deer and elk. That was way back in 1954. So why not in Georgia in 1970?
Clayton O'Kelley Decatur, Georgia
The General Assembly's House Game and Fish Revenue Study Committee recently proposed a trout stamp and deer stamp provision for Georgia to make possible a substantial budget increase for the State Game and Fish Commission to carry on these and other activities in the face of rapidly increasing numbers of hunters and fishermen. Interested sportsmen are Jetting their representatives and senators know their feelings on the subject.
WEEKEND SPORTSMAN
I look forward each month to the receipt of your fine publication. Thank you for giving the "weekend sportsman" so much help. I am sure that many such as I get a lot of benefit from Game and Fish. Due to "Cityitis", that requirement that keeps so many in the city for fifty weeks a year, the information you provide on where-when-what and how is invaluable. "Keep 'em coming."
D. W. Raines Decatur, Georgia
HELPFUL RANGER
In this day and time when our law enforcement officials (including the game wardens) are receiving so much criticism, I would like to put in a word of praise for this much maligned group of men.
Being a new resident of North Georgia and knowing nothing of the area, my opening day deer hunting plans were seemingly cancelled when my partner, a lifelong resident of the area, became ill at the last minute. However I was determined to hunt after getting up at 4:00 A.M. and driving 30 miles in the rain and fog to Paulding County. I spotted a game warden's truck and after explaining my predicament to him, he went out of his way to insure my success. He guided me, with the help of another warden via 2-way radio, to a place where I could hunt.
Luck was certainly with me as I bagged a nice spike buck just after daylight. Without the help of those two game officials my day and season would have been a failure.
So for my part, hats off to the Georgia Game and Fish Commission for the excellent men in their employ. I certainly respect them and their jobs. They perform many more duties than just writing citations to game violators, etc., and this incident was a classic example.
It is men of their caliber as well as the entire staff of the State Game and Fish Commission that by their diligent efforts

16

have made Georgia an excellent state for hunting and fishing. They deserve the support and cooperation of each and every sportsman in the state.
David L. DeVane Smyrna, Ga.
SET SEASONS EARLY
Each year when the State Game and Fish Commission meets I would like to know if it would be possible if they could decide on the opening dates for the following season, especially deer season.
A lot of sportsmen have vacations they have to decide on before the first of the year and it's hard to plan your vacation with your family and for hunting especially if you can't split it.
Paul S. Anderson Decatur Georgia
Setting regulations for the next season while the present season is still going on is a problem, especially if the results of the current season are to have any influence on the next year's season. Normally, information from Georgia's game and fish biologists and wildlife rangers is compiled in December and submitted to the Commissioners for setting at the January or February meeting. Ironing out the bugs and printing normally consume about two months after that. Dates of game management area hunts traditionally have been set by the Commission in June or July, which is also the time the federal government releases the framework states must follow in setting that year's dove and duck seasons, based on spring population counts. In recent years, the North and Middle Georgia deer seasons have begun on the first Saturday in November, with the buck hunts on game management areas falling on Thanksgiving Week.

Sportsman's Calendar
SEASONS NOW OPEN
GROUSE, RUFFED Season-Nov. 20, 1969 through Feb. 28, 1970. Bag Limit-3 Daily, possession limit 6.
OPOSSUM Season-Oct. 18, 1969 through Feb. 28, 1970. Closed in Coweta County. Bag Limit-None.
QUAIL Season-November 20, 1969 through Feb. 28, 1970. Bag Limit-12 daily, possession limit, 36.
RABBITS S. Ga. Season-Nov. 20, 1969 through Feb. 28, 1970. Closed in N. Ga. S. Ga. Bag Limit-10 daily.

RACCOON
N. Ga . Season-Oct. 18, 1969 through Feb. 28, 1970.
Bag Limit-One ( 1) per person per night. S. Ga. Season-No closed season.
Bag Limit-None
SQUIRREL
Season-Oct. 15, 1969 through Feb. 28, 1970.
Bag Limit-10 daily.
TURKEY
S. W. Ga. Season-Nov. 20, 1969 through Feb. 28, 1970 in Baker, Calhoun, Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Grady, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, and Thomas counties.
S. W . Ga . Bag Limit-Two (2) per season.

SMALL GAME MANAGED HUNTS SCHEDULE
(For detailed information of each individual area, write the State Game and Fish Commission , 270 Washington St. , S.W .) No permits required.

DATES

AREAS

SPECIES

Reg. Season

Lake Seminole, Whitesburg, Allatoona , Altamaha, Cohutta, Grand Bay, Brunswick Pulp and Paper Co.

Dec. 8-Feb 28
Fri. & Sat.

Lake Russell

Dec. 12-Feb. Swallow Creek

28

Coleman River

Fri. & Sat.

Feb. 6-7

Lake Burton

(All except raccoons)
All except Racoons Grouse-Squirrel, Rabbit Squirrel, Grouse

FEBRUARY, 1970

TIDE TABLE
FEB.- MAR. 1970

MARCH, 1970

HIQH WATER

LOW WATER

DIJ

A.M. H.T. P.M. H.T. A.M. P.M.

GEORGIA COASTAL WATERS HOW TO USE THESE TABLES

HIGH WATER

LOW WATER

DIJ

A.M. H.T. P.M. H.T. A.M. P.M.

1. Sun. 2:54 8.5 3:06 5.6 9:38 9:42 2. Mon. 4:06 6.7 4:1 1 5.7 10:42 10:42 3. Tues. 5:12 7.1 5:30 8.2 11:42 11 :48 4. Wed. 8:11 7.8 6:30 6.7 .. . . 12:36 5. Tllurs. 7:12 7.9 7:24 7.1 12:42 1:30 8. Fri. 1:00 1.1 1:11 7.5 1:42 2:11 7. Sit. 1:48 1.1 9:06 7.7 2:36 3:12
a. sun. 9:36 7.9 9:54 7.7 3:24 3:54
9. Mon. 10:24 7.5 10:41 7.5 4:11 4:42 10. Tues. 11:11 7.0 11 :31 7.2 5:06 5:30 11. Wed. 12:08 6.9 12:54 5.9 6:54 7:12 12. Thurs. 12:30 6.9 12:54 5.9 6:54 7:12 13. Fri. 1:24 8.5 1:48 5.4 7:54 1:06 14. Sit. 2:24 1.3 2:48 5.1 1:54 9:06 15. Sun. 3:24 8.1 4:00 5.0 9:54 10:06 11. Mon. 4:30 1.1 5:08 5.1 10:54 11 :00 17. Tues. 5:24 1.2 5:54 5.3 11:42 11:41
11. Wed. 8:12 8.4 8:36 5.8 .. .. 12:24
19. Tllurs. 6:54 6.6 7:11 5.9 12:36 1:12 20. Fri. 7:30 8.7 7:48 6.1 1:11 1:48 21. Sit. 1:00 1.1 1:11 8.3 2:00 2:24 22. Sun. 1:30 8.7 1:54 6.4 2:42 3:00 23. Mon. 9:06 8.6 9:24 6.5 3:1 1 3:30 24. Tues. 9:36 6.5 10:00 6.6 3:54 4:00' 25. Wed. 10:12 6.3 10:42 6.6 4:30 4:36 26. Tllurs. 10:54 8.1 11:24 8.6 5:12 5:12
27. Fri. 11:42 5.9 .. . . .. 6:00 6:00
21. Sit. 12:11 6.5 12:30 5.7 6:54 7:od
..

The calculations are for the outer bar. Find the read ing for the desired tide. In the table below find the number of minutes to add to correct for the place you are going to fish or swim. The outer bar calculation , plus this correction, gives the correct reading for the point desired .

Adj ust For Daylight Sa ving T1me By Adding One Hour

CORRECTION TABLE

The times given are for Savannah River

entrance (Tybee).

Hrs . Min.

Savannah High

0 44

Savannah (low)

57

Hilton Head, S. C.

0 10

Thunderbolt

0 20

Isle of Hope . . .

0 40

Warsaw Sound

0 00

Ossabaw Sound

0 05

Vernon View . .

0 35

Coffee Bluff . . . . .

0 55

Ogeechee River Bridge

3 50

St. Catherine Sound

0 25

Sapelo Sound .

0 00

Brunswick Bar

0 00

St. Simon Pier . .

0 25

Frederica Bridge

0 50

McKay Bridge . . . . . . .

0 50

Brunswick East River .

0 50

Turtle River Bridge .

0 55

Turtle River, Crispen Is.

1 10

Humpback Bridge

1 00

Jekyll Point

0 30

Jointer Island

. .

55

Hampton River Village Creek Ent.

0 20

Village Fishing Camp

0 45

Taylor Fishing Camp

1 00

Altamaha Fishing Park, Everett, Ga . 4 00

Two-Way Fish ing Camp , S. Alt'.lmaha 2 00

FEB.

Last New Quarter Moon
6 13

First Quarter
21

Full Moon

1. Sun. 1:18 6.5 1:36 5.6 8:06 8:12

2. Mon. 2:30 6.5 2:48 5.6 9:18 9:24

3. Tues. 3:48 6.7 4:06 5.9 10:18 10:30

4. Wed. 5:00 7.0 5:18 6.5 11 :18 11 :36

5. Thurs. 6:00 7.5 6:18 7.1

.. 12:18

6. Fri . 6:54 7.9 7:12 7.7 12:30 1:06

7. Sat. 7:42 8.0 8:00 8.1 1:30 1:54

8. Sun . 8:30 8.0 8:48 8.2 2:18 2:42

9. Mon. 9:12 7.7 9:30 8.1 3:06 3:30

10. Tues . 10:00 7.3 10:18 7.8 3:54 4:12

11. Wed. 10:42 6.8 11:06 7.4 4:42 4:54

12. Thurs. 11 :30 6.2 11:54 7.0 5:30 5:42

13. Fri.

12:18 5.7 6:18 6:30

14. Sat. 12:48 6.5 1:12 5.3 7:18 7:30

15. Sun . 1:42 6.2 2:12 5.1 8:18 8:36

16. Mon. 2:48 6.0 3:24 5.0 9:24 9:36

17. Tues. 3:48 5.9 4:30 5.2 10:18 10:30

18. Wed . 4:48 6.1 5:24 5.6 11 :06 11:24

19. Thurs. 5:42 6.3 6:12 6.0 11:54

20. Fri. 6:18 6.5 6:48 6.4 12:06 12:30

21. sat. 7:00 6.7 7:18 6.7 12:54 1:12

22. Sun. 7:30 6.8 7:48 7.0 1:36 1:48

23. Mon . 8:00 6.8 8:24 7.1 2:12 2:18

24 . Tues. 8:36 6.7 8:54 7.2 2:48 2:54

25. Wed. 9:06 6.6 9:30 7.3 3:30 3:30

26. Thurs. 9:48 6.4 10:12 7.2 4:06 4:06

27. Fri. 10:30 6.2 11 :00 7.0 4:48 4:48
28 . Sat. 11 :18 5.9 .... .. 5:36 5:36

29. Sun. 12:00 6.8 12:18 5.8 6:36 6:42

30. Mon. 1:00 6.7 1:24 5.8 7:48 7:54

31. Tues. 2:18 6.6 2:42 5.9 9:00 9:12

MAR. 7 14 23 1-30

To report violations or if you need assistance in the Coastal Area-Call-State Game & Fish Comm ission , Brunswick, Georgia , P. 0 . Box 1097, Phone 265-1552, Savannah 233-2383 , Richmond Hill 756-3679.