Georgia game and fish [Vol. 5, no. 12 (Dec. 1970)]

GEORGIA

DECEMBER, 1970

~ gamu sfish

December 1970

Volume V

Number 12

CONTENTS

Deer's Public Enemy Number One . .. Marvin Tye 1

Custom Rod-Cut Rate Price . . . . ... Aaron Pass 5

Duck Identification Chart

..... Don Pfitzer 8

How Many Deer?

..... Dick Whittington 10

How To Save Your Hide

. . . Bob Wilson 13

Sportsmen Speak

16

Outdoor World

16

Sportsman's Calendar

17

Lester G. Maddox Governor

George T. Bagby Director State Game & Fish Comm iss ion

COMMISSIONERS

Clyde Dixon Chairman Cleveland-9th District William Z. Camp, Sec.
Newnan-6th District James Darby
Vida Iia-lst District Dr. Robert A. Coll ins, Jr. Americus-3rd District Charles L. Davidson, Jr. Avondale Estates-4th District

Richard Tift Vice Chairman Albany-2nd District Rankin M. Smith Atlanta-5th District J. B. Langford Calhoun-7th District Judge Harley Langdale Valdosta-8th District Leonard Bassford Augusta-lOth District

Jimmie Williamson Darien-Coasta I District

TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION
Jack A. Crockford, Assistant Director Leon Kirkland, Fisheries Chief
Hubert Handy, Game Management Chief

LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION
Bill Cline, Major Deputy State Chief, Atlanta
J. 0 . Atchison, Ma jor Deputy State Chief, Metter
David Gould, Major Supervisor of Coastal Fisheries
Brunswick

GEORGIA GAME & FISH STAFF
Dean Wohlgemuth Editor

Marvin Tye

Staff Writers Bob Wilson

Aaron Pass

Ted Borg Photo Editor

Georgia Game and Fish is the olficiol monthly magaz ine of the Georg ia
Gome and Fish Commission, published ot the Comm ission' s ollices, Tr inity Wash ington Building, 270 Wash ington St ., Atlanta , Georg ia 30334. No adver tising occeptetl. Subscriptions ore Sl lor one year or $2 .50 lor flute years . Printed by Stein Printing Company , At/onto, Go . Not ilicotion of address change must include both old oncl new oddreu and ZIP code, w ith 30 days
not ice. No subscription requests w ill be accepted w it hout ZIP code . Articles and photographs may be reprinted. Proper credit should be g iven . Contribu tions ore welcome, but the editors assume no respons ib ility or liability for lou or damage ol articles, photographs , or illuslrot ions. SeconcJ. cfou posfoge poid at J.tlonlo , Go .

HAVE A "HOW TO" CHRISTMAS
Have you recently plunked down a giant wad of hardearned money for a new guo, some stockwork, or a new rod? Have you rushed home and opened the factory box and discovered the checkering on your new gunstock looks like it had been done with a 10 penny nail and a ballpeen hammer? Have you picked up a "new" fishing rod and found loose windings?
Out trout fishing earlier this year, we saw a very surprised angler whose new pack rod had worked apart in the midst of a series of false casts. As if that wasn't enough to take the edge off his satisfaction with the rod, this rod was a factory replacement for a previous rod which was also poorly built.
This winter season is an excellent time for the sportsman to start a "do-it-yourself" program. With a few simple tools, some patience, and the leisure time forced upon us by winter's unruly weather, the outdoorsman can build or modify equipment to fill his specific needs, often with a considerable saving.
In this issue, "Custom Rod-Cut Rate Price," tells how a fisherman can build a rod suited to his specific needs, without great expense. "How To Save Your Hide", relates the steps needed for the successful deer hunter to have his own buckskin with which he can make a number of useful and practical items of outdoor equipment. More articles along these lines are planned for future issues of Georgia GAME & FISH to help sportsmen learn how they can do it themselves and enjoy doing it!
If you know a sportsman who takes pride in top notch equipment, but has a limited budget, a do-it-yourself kit or hand tools would make an excellent Christmas gift. Knives, gunstocks, fishing rods, lures and flies , muzzleloaders, and bows and arrows are among the array of sporting goods that come in kit form nowadays. Patience, time, and a little old-fashioned pride in craftsmanship will result in a high quality piece of equipment that anyone could take pride in using.
But all that fine gear isn't going to be much good if there's no game or fish to be had , or no land open for hunting and fishing. What about these? For more game on your own land or land leased for hunting, read and apply the practices spelled out in the Game and Fish Commission's award winning booklet, "How To Have Small Game on Your Land". The Commission's Fisheries Division stands ready to advise and assist in fish pond management.
What really takes a do-it-yourself approach is keeping hunting and fishing areas open. Cooperation with landowners gets down to an individual person-to-person relationship. Common sense, understanding, and simple courtesy are the key components to this kit.
This carries over on a larger scale when we are dealing with the wildlife management areas and the game and fish stocking programs operated by the Game and Fish Commission. These are only the pieces in the kit. Cemented
Continued on page 16
ON THE COVER: This is the season for deer hunters to hit the woods. When they get there they may f ind they've been preceded by hunters who know no sea son ... the deer poacher. The season ON poachers is a year-lon g one , too, for t he State Game and Fish Comm ission's wild life rangers. See " Deer' s Public Enemy Number One" by Marv in Tye, Page One. Cover pai nting espec ially for Game & Fish Magazine by George Re iney.
ON THE BACK COVER: December means duck hunting to many a Georgia sportsman. Two of the most popular species for Georgia are the mallard and the wood duck. The colorful woodie is a native Georgian. Hunters will benefit from the duck identif ication chart by Don Pfitzer,
u.s. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildl ife, on Pages 8 and 9. Photo
by Ted Borg.

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JACK LIGHTER

Alias "SPOT" LIGHTER

>

"THE TORCH"

"NIGHT OWL"

"SHINER"

FOR DEER POACHING

This Man Is A

Dirty Lowdown Coward

Who Steals Deer From You

i\

DEER'S PUBLIC ENEMY NUMBER
ONE

By Marvin Tye
Photos by Ted Borg
Huddling deeper into the insulated warmth of his sleeping bag, the Georgia wildlife ranger peered into the night. The piercing cold from the frost-covered ground penetrated the thick bag and the icy wind made his face feel numb. He began to think how nice it would be to go home to a warm bed.
Crunch! Crunch! Crunch! His thoughts were interrupted by the footsteps of men slipping down a trail through the pine thicket

Georgia Wildlife Rangers Leroy Hackley and Loy McNeal move in to arrest a pair of the state's number one menance to the deer herd, the poacher. Actually innocent persons modeled for these photographs to demonstrate the situations encountered by the rangers in actual field work. Game and Fish Commission representatives estimate that as many as 10,000 deer are killed here each year by poachers.
where he lay. A glance at his watch told the ranger it was just 20 minutes past midnight.
He peered through the underbrush. Three men , carrying shotguns and wearing battery-powered lights strapped to their heads, walked only a few feet from where the ranger lay, completely oblivious to his presence.
In a moment, they broke out of the woods into a newly-cut cornfield, where several deer had been feeding nearly every night. The lights of the three men began carefully probing the field , in search of deer.
In the meantime, the ranger had slipped out of his sleeping bag and signaled two other rangers nearby. The three of them took separate positions around the poachers.
"Hold it right there! You're under arrest!" shouted one of the rangers, and all three rushed forward .
Knowing conviction on a charge of illegal deer hunting meant loss of their car, guns and equipment, plus a stiff fine, the poachers took off on a dead run , stumbling through the darkness. They knew the woods well , but the rangers did too, and the lawmen could use lights. Working around the poachers, the rangers soon had their quarry cornered. One of the nighthunters

stepped into a puddle of water, and almost instantly his pantslegs were frozen stiff.
The frenzied chase soon ended when two of the men realized chances of escape appeared dim. By 2 a.m., the pair of deer bandits were at the county jail. The rangers' long vigil, which had begun at 4:30 the previous afternoon was over.
This time it was successful. Often it
is not. Incidents of this type are not at all
unusual for Georgia wildlife rangers. District Chief, Mallory Hatchett of Waycross reports that 18 arrests were made for night hunting from July 1, to October 7, this year. Rangers working out of his office confiscated five vehicles and about a dozen guns during the period. They took three .30/ 06 rifles and one shotgun on a single case. Two dead deer were found in one of the vehicles.
Most arrests are made without serious incidents. When an incident does occur, it's likely to be a dilly. Rangers D. W. Shuptrine and Dan Roberson spotted two men hunting from the back of a truck. Instead of submitting to arrest, the dri ver hit the gas and sped away. At the end of a hectic chase that carried them several miles the rangers found that the skilled driver of the vehicle was a 16-year old girl , the wife of one of the hunters. They were arrested and their truck confi scated.
In another incident last fall Rangers L. C. Taylor and Marshall James topped two men. The suspects were men they recognized , so the rangers did not treat them with the usual caution they would use in such a situation. One of the men suddenly grabbed a carbine and pointed it at the rangers,

.threatening to shoot them if they tried to interfere with their escape. The rangers swore out warrants for the two men later, and brought them to trial.
Ranger George Hancock was not so lucky. He was lying in wait for night hunters when he found himself directly in the glare of a bright light. Suddenly a shot rang out and he fell to the ground critically wounded by a load of buckshot from a shotgun blast. Rangers with Hancock on the investigation rushed him to the hospital, saving his life. They apprehended the bunter who claimed that he thought he was shooting at a bobcat.
Night bunting is one of the most serious problems facing the state's deer herd. To the average sportsman poaching may seem to be a minor factor. If all the habitual poachers were caught everytime they shot an illegal deer and if this were to put an end to each poacher's career, this would make poaching a small factor indeed in the overall picture.
However, that is not the case. Law enforcement officials have no way of knowing how man y illegal deer are killed each year. All agree that the number of apprehended poachers could be compared to the visible portion of an iceberg. There is a lot more of it beneath the surface that cannot be seen .
Tn addition . if a ranger catches one poacher with dead deer, that does not tell the complete story. He may have already killed a dozen or more before being caught. After paying a fine , he may return to this illicit practice and further damage the deer herd.
Legal deer hunting will not damage a
deer population. In fact it is a helpful

2

tool of wildlife management. If the deer were left alone to live and multiply without control they would soon reach the point where there would not be sufficient food on the range to support them . They would eat all the available browse and then be subjected to starvation or disease. Worse still , the size of the deer herd would build up faster than the depleted range. This would leave the deer in a stunted or diseased condition for many years.
Legal deer hunting can be controlled so that the bag limit includes the surplus that exceeds the carrying capacity of the land. This keeps the deer herd healthy, protects the range, and prevents killing too many deer. When the poacher enters the picture this is changed drastically. Good hunting results when poachers are controlled. Otherwise, deer can be hard to find , and in extreme cases all the deer in an area can be destroyed.
Hubert Handy, chief of wildlife management for the State Game & Fish Commission, estimates that at least I 0.000 deer are killed by poachers each year. With a total of 30.000 deer taken legally by hunters, this large illegal kill cut deeply into the huntable population . The true impact of this large kill can only be realized when you consider that the poacher kills pregnant does, fawns or healthy bucks indiscriminately.
In addition, they do not always produce clean kills. Shooting in poor light at ni'ght the poacher often only wounds his game and it is never recovered , sometimes dying a slow. lingering death.
Handy believes that there is as much or more poaching done by hunters in the daytime. These are often hunting small game and do not refuse to take a shot at any deer they happen to see. A small caliber bullet or bird shot rarely produce a clean kill.
In addition to the obvious game damage done by the poachers. there is the added expense of law enforcement efforts to apprehend them. In the inci-

Spotlighting at night is one of the
most serious poaching offenses.
Deer are not frightened by light.
Instead of fleeing from it, they either
stare at the light or continue feeding as if
nothing were wrong. Shooting them under these
conditions is taking advantage
of the weakest flaw in their
defense ability.
dent described at the beginning of this article, I mentioned three rangers stationed near the cornfield where the poaching was expected to take place. According to District Chief J. D. Atchison, there were six more rangers in vehicles patroling the area and keeping in radio contact with the rangers on foot in an effort to catch all of the poachers involved.
Chief Atchison believes that the 1962 law that provided for the seizure and sale of any automobile, boat, animal or gun used in poaching deer at night has helped to cut night hunting. He says that at least it makes the violator walk more and makes him harder to catch. Others would disagree, but all seem to agree that night hunting is at its worst in spots where enforcement is lax or low fines are given upon conviction. Handy quotes a law passed by the Virginia legislature that provides a $250 fine for killing a turkey and makes the violator pay for replacing the bird. This

can cost an additional $50 or more. Georgia has no such law.
In many sections of Georgia the fines for illegal night hunting rank too low for the amount of damage done according to Handy.
However, Deputy State Law Enforcement Chief Bill Cline knows of cases where offenders have been fined as much as $500 and had their automobiles confiscated. Cline feels that heavy fines tend to reduce poaching.
Arre ts for poaching sometimes lead to solutions of other criminal cases. Cline reports the arrest of five persons for ilfegally hunting at night. Two of these were driving in one car and shining a light while three others in another car manned the guns. According to local authorities, the second car contained five guns that had been reported stolen. One was a .38 pistol that had been reported stolen from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
District Chief Mallory Hatchett re-

Wildlife rangers put in many hours of night work to apprehend the poacher. Several teams of rangers in vehicles as well as others on foot often cooperate to capture the night hunter. Roadblocks are most effective in the mountain counties where the number of roads leading into an area is limited.

3

ports that the stiffest fine he remembers was one of a man who was fined $500 and sentenced to six months in prison. This was the third time that particular man had been charged with illegal bunting that year. Hatchett said that the man left the county after he was released and hasn't been heard from again.
Possibly the most severe sentence ever passed on anyone for illegal deer hunting in Georgia was recently handed down by Superior Court Judge Frederick Kennedy in Appling. The Columbia County Judge found three men guilty of a number of charges and fined them $1 ,000 each and placed two of the men on three years probation and one on two years probation. In the probationary period, the men were not allowed to go hunting, to po sess firearms or to be away from their homes at night. One of the men involved had been charged with night hunting in an earlier case, but the case had been nolprossed by the solicitor in another county.
In this particular case, District Chief Drew Whittaker along with Rangers Irving Knox and Ray Ferguson investigated reports of illegal activity and heard a gun shot. They stopped the vehicle seen at the site of the shooting, but two men in the car jumped out and fled on foot. There were two .3 0-30 rifles in the back seat of the car, but no deer. The driver was released and the rangers returned to the scene of the crime for a thorough search. They found three doe deer in a ditch, ejected cartridges from .30-30 rifles and a lot of blood on the ground. The law enforcement officers waited in hiding until the two men who had fled earlier returned in another car to pick up the deer at 5 a.m. the next morning.
Ballistics checks proved that the cartridges had been fired from the two guns in the back seat of the first vehicle. Both cars as well as guns were confiscated and all three men arrested.
Chief Whitaker believes that such a stiff penalty and the publicity it received have done much to prevent further deer poaching in his district. It has not completely eliminated the problem, but there have been coniderably less violations since this sentence was passed out.
The times when night hunting activity is heaviest vary from one section of the state to another. According to Drew Whitaker, mid-September through the end of deer season is the worst time for poaching in his area. J. D. Atchison says that poaching activity usually begins in June in his area with the most violations taking place from August through January. His theory is that a number of hunters claim to be looking for lost dogs at night during

the hunting season when they are actually hunting deer. When the people have a logical excuse for being in the woods at night with a gun, proving a violation has been committed is more difficult. When the corn is cut in October, deer often gather in the fields to feed and are easy targets for the night hunter. In the North Georgia mountains night hunting activity is likely to be heavy from February through April when as many as 30 or 40 deer may be seen at one time feeding on grass pl anted around the roadside. Chief Johnnie Hunt at Brunswick has had experience working both the coa tal areas and the mountains and says that there seems to be more illegal deer hunting in the mountains. He claims, however. th at violators are somewhat easier to catch in the hills as there are fewer roads to take. with often only one way out. Roadblocks can be used more effectively there and with fewer personnel and vehicles than are required by the maze of roads in some South Georgia areas.
Hunting deer at night has been prohibited in Georgia since colonial times. Then it was known as jacklighting or fire hunting because Indians and early settlers used lighted torches to spot
deer. For some unknown reason . deer
are not frightened by light, but either
stare at it as if hypnotized or continue
their feeding without showing any signs
of alarm. Hunting them at night with a
light is really taking advantage of the
animals and striking at their weakest
flaw . This type of hunting could hardl y
be considered sporting. If uncontrolled ,

such hunting could completely destroy

a deer population.

Good law enforcement and court

officials who regard poaching as the

serious wildlife threat that it is, do a

lot to overcome the problem. Equally

as important as these factors is public

opinion and the attitude of the sports-

man. The sportsman should consider

the game law violator as a thief. He

would not stand by and watch a man

rob his home or his place of business.

Neither should he stand by and not

report the man who shoots deer at

night or out of season.

Tt is a proven fact that when an

activity such as poaching is looked upo n

as a crime and dishonorable activity by

the majority to the citizens in a county,

it is discontinued. This is the way the

ave rage sportsman can help. Report

any violators to the Game and Fish

Commission as soon as you learn of

them. Also resist the temptation to shoot

at a deer with a weapon inadequate for

the job. Don't go rabbit hunting and

shoot at a deer even if it is legal game at

that time of yea r. Chances are that you

will be armed with a gun that just isn't

designed for deer slaying.

If all of the night hunting and other

illegal deer killing were eliminated,

biologists estimate that hunters could

legall y harvest many more deer and per-

haps have longer seasons and more

liberal bag limits. In addition , deer

would be more plentiful and perhaps

healthier.

Such a goal can be achieved only one

wa y. That is through cooperation be-

tween the game biologists , wildlife ran g-

ers and you the sportsman.

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Rangers know poachers can be dangerous persons and treat them accordingly. The convicted poacher can Jose his vehicle, gun, lights and other equipment used in night hunting for deer. In addition he may be fined and jailed on a number of
charges. Three men were fined $1,000 each in a case in Columbia County this
year and placed on strict probation. More sentences of this type could do much to Jessen the amount of poaching in Georgia.

4

Le middle of winter can be a trying time for the fisherman. Once the cold weather clamps down for the duration, the angler is forced indoors to stare out at a cold and cheerless drizzle remembering the highlights of the past season. A good portion of this enforced leisure time is also spent rummaging through the tackle supply and planning what equipment will be needed before the next season rolls around. New lures, new line, and perhaps even a new rod wiii be on the list - especially that new rod, a subject near and dear to the hearts of most dyed-in-thewool fishermen.
It seems that no matter bow many rods a fisherman may have, he .is always in desperate need of a least one more. In fact rod-waving is becoming a favorite bobby of wintered-in anglers. To play this charming little game, you go to a fishing rod display at any sporting goods store, and stand around making imaginary casts with the various rods. There is no need to be emharassed as you will generally have plenty of company. The game is usually played by the fisherman starting with the most expensive rod on the rack and working his way down to one which his conscience and his wallet will accept.
Actually there is a better way to acquire a first-rate rod, and at a fraction of the price such a rod costs off the store rack. Rod building, many dedicated anglers are finding, is a far more satisfying pastime than fighting with their conscience over the price of a high quality fishing rod. Building your own rod is not as difficult as it first appears; actually it is a fairly simple process which does not require any expensive equipment to get started. More important, however, is that by building your own rod you can get high quality without sending yourself to the poorhouse in the process. This economy factor is in fact one of the major reasons anglers begin to build their own rods, later to discover that it is a rewarding hobby in itself.
There is quite a bit of satisfaction in fishing with a rod that you have built yourself, as it seems to add a sense of personal achievement to your sport. The pride of ownership of such a rod is not to be discounted either, for you have in effect a custom built rod, designed expressly for your type of fishing.
This article is not a precisely detailed instructional text on building a rod , nor is it intended to be. It is merely intended to give a general idea on what is involved in this interesting and satisfying hobby, for actual instructions you should write one of the concerns which deals with rod parts and kits.

Rev. Bill Conine finds rod building almost as interesting as fishing. Here he spaces and tapes on the guides of a casting rod with the aid of a guide spacing chart.
Custom RodCut Rate Price
By Aaron Pass
Photos by Ted Borg
5

Before and after. That jumble of unidentifiable pieces on the left are the components which will eventually make up a finished spinning rod like the one on the right. The semi-finished rod in the middle is what you should expect if a rod building kit is ordered.
After the reel seat and the correct number of cork cylinders to make up the grip are placed and cemented, a file, rasp, and finally sandpaper are used to shape the cork to the desired contours.
6

It is very helpful at this point to have a friend who builds rods to advise you on the best way to get started. Ask around among your fishing pals because chances are good that one of them has built a rod before. The next best alternative is to write one of the manufacturers or outlets which supply rod components for a parts catalog and a list of the parts needed for whatever type of rod you have in mind. Such catalogs and instructions are generally available from the suppliers, and they are of great value in determining just what components you will need.
After you have decided what type of rod will fill the bill , you must still decide whether to begin with a kit or order all the components separately. For your first venture into home rod building it is recommended that you start with a kit. It wiii consist of a rod blank already cut and ferruled (unless it is a one piece rod) , with the handle, and reel seat, attached. All of the other parts will be included, and all you have to do i assemble the kit as you would a model airplane.
If you start from scratch by ordering all of the components separately, remember that the quality of the components determines the final quality of the rod . Of the major expenses there are the rod blank and the guides; to try to cut costs on either of these parts is false economy and will result in a less than satisfactory rod. Buy the best quality blank you can afford , and get tungsten carbide or rustproof monel guides and you will have an excellent start on an excellent rod.
The basic material list for the beginning rod builder should start with a good quality fiberglass rod blank (which some suppliers furnish already cut and ferruled). A sturdy reel seat or reel bands, and an adequate amount of cork for the grip will make up the handle. The best guides and tip top you can afford are none too good as they make up a critical portion of the finished rod . Winding thread color preservative, varnish , epoxy, and Elmer's Glue-All make up the list of accessories you will need to assemble your rod .
The tools required are neither elaborate nor are they expensive, in fact you probably already have some of them around . A hacksaw will be needed to trim the rod butt. A rat-tail file to enlarge the holes in the cork arbors which make up the grip, and a rasp and some sand paper will be necessary to shape the grip once it is mounted . Finally, some small paint brushes to apply color preservative and varnish to the windings will complete the inventory of tools. With these few simple tools and the components listed above you are ready to start building a custom fishing
rod in your home.

There are only four basic steps to building a rod from scratch. Cutting and installing the ferrules is first. As this is a somewhat tricky proposition due to the precise measurements and the need to have the ferrules perfectly aligned, it is suggested that the novice builder order a blank with the ferrules already installed. The next major step consists of installing the cork handle and reel seat. This is accomplished by determining the placement of the reel seat, and then adding enough of the cork cylinders to build up the grip to the proper length. After the seat and the cork have been cemented in place with epoxy, use the rasp and sandpaper to shape the grip to the desired contours.
The next step is to epoxy the tip guide to the end of the rod, and when this is done you have exactly what you would have received had you ordered a kit. All that remains to be done is winding on the guides and varnishing the windings. At this point you will need a guide spacing chart to help you determine the correct distance between the guides. Most rod building instructions include such a chart, but if they don't, be sure to get one, as guide spacing is very important to casting ease and accuracy.
To position the guides measure from the tip on the tip section, and from the ferrule on the butt section. Tape each guide in its proper place with the tape around the "foot" pointing toward the tip , and wrap from the butt forward with size A or D nylon thread. Tension

Usirrg a single action try reel with the drag adjusted to keep tension on
the thFead, Rev. Conine winds on the guides. Those three fine bass in the background
prove that rod' building doesn't
cutintohis fishing time.
must be maintained on the thread as you are wrapping and a simple method of doing so is to pass the thread through a heavy book. It's not a bad idea to make a few practice wraps and tie offs before you start on the rod itself. Try
The final step of rod assembly is applying a varnish finish to the guide wrappings. The varnish should be applied in several thin coats and allowed to dry thoroughly before successive coats are applied.

to keep each turn of the thread as tight as possible against the preceding one, as this will add much to the final appearance of the rod.
It is a good practice to begin the wrap at least 1.4 in. from the end of the lower guide foot, and to extend it the same distance beyond the forward one. The knot used to tie off the wrap is described in the instructional booklets on rod building, and care should be taken to make it secure.
Now that the guides are wrapped, there are only a few finishing touches and you have your rod. If brightly colored thread was used for the windings a couple of coats of color preservative should be applied . Otherwise, lise just varnish as it helps to bond the guides, windings, and rod together. Two or three light coats should be sufficient, allowing 24 hours for each coat to dry. And there you have it, a hand built, custom fishing rod costing 40 to 50 per cent of what it would cost if factory built.
Suppliers of rod components and kits :

The Orvis Company, Inc. Manchester, Vermont 05254
Reed Tackle Company Box 390
Caldwell, N. J. 07006

The Sportsman's Den P. 0 . Box 24
Collegedale, Tenn. 37315

For other outlets check the ads in a

national outdoor magazine.

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DUCK IDENTIFICATI I GUIDE FOR HUNTERS

Prepared by Donald W. Pfitzer, Bureau of Sport Fisheries

and Wildlife
After making the f irst choice offered at the top of the page follow

{

the black lines to secondary choices until the correct identification

has been made.

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START HERE

DOES YOUR DUCK HAVE

like ~ Bill broad, typically duck

' Bi ll slender, po inted, and toothed -

Wing patch gray, nonmetal ic or wing uniform in color

Wing patch irridescent blue, purple, green , brown or black or white

Feet yellow or yellowish-gray

I
Feet pink or reddish

Th is pictorial aid is designed to assist in recognizing ducks in the hand after they have been bagged .
The shape of the bill , wing markings, color of feet or head crest are some of the typical characteristics used to identify ducks in the hand. This is quite different from identification of ducks in flight or sitting on water. When flying or on water other identifying features are used such as silhouettes, mannerisms of flight, wing beat, speed of flight or color patterns on body and wings. Every effort should be made to learn to recognize ducks before they are shot. By doing this the hunter is able to take much greater advantage of his sport.
Although occasionally seen inl~nd, sea ducks are not included in this key . They are most frequently found in open salt water areas .

I
Bill without two rings

~

I
I
Head flatt ish, sloping with straight line appearance from forehead to bill
~K

L
Head round ed with angle at forehead and bi ll

I
Wing patch white Wing patch brown

HOODED MERGANSER
I
Wing patch blue, purple, green or black

COMMON MERGANSER
~
RED-BREAST ED MERGANSER

Wing patch blue or purple

I
Wing patch green or black

; e ~----~------~. . Head umformly

redd1.sh

RE~HEA~ ~-~

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Wing patch bordered on both sides with white

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Wing patch without white border or white only at feather tips

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Blue patch on shoulder of wing

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Patch on shoulder of wing not blue

White face patch behind eye
-. ~. BUFFLEHEAD
I White wing paten w1th black or dark feathers in center

No white face patch, or if present, in front of eye
~ I White wing patch without black or dark feathers in center

GADWALL

MALLARD WOOD DUCK

Head not crested , feet orange-red or coral red
~ BLACK DUCK

Florida ducks, mottled ducks a1d New Mexi can ducks are very similar to black ducks. These may be separated by lcoc:ations more easily than by feath er characterhtics.

Bill very large and broad, feet orange or coral-red

Bill normal, feet yellow
Shoulder of wing gray or brownish

BLUE-WINGED TEAL

SHOVELER
. Cinnamon teal is similar to blue-wing teal except that male cinnamon teal is reddish on head and underparts. The female is virtually identical to the female blue-wing teal.

GREEN-WINGED TEAL

AMERICAN WIDGEON

Female American widgeon has brown breast and flank . Female green-wing teal has gray speckled breast and flank.

HIJW MANY /J/1.?

By Dick Whittington
Region II Game Supervisor
Photos by Ted Borg

If you have hunted deer with any frequency, you probably have spent days wondering if there were any deer in your area. On other days, you may have seen so many deer that you wondered how many there were in the same area.
The question of how many deer are in a particular area is asked of game managers many times during the season. One who attempts to place a number on a deer herd without any data to back him up is placing himself at the very end of a long, thin limb. In plain and simple language, there is no easy way to census deer.
Because of the many questions about

numbers of deer and the need for information on percentages of a herd that can be legally harvested, I decided to take a census in 1969 on a portion of a Game Management Area. The area chosen was 2,400 acres of the popular Clark Hill Game Management Area. This study area is known to bunters as compartments 4, 5 and 6 at Clark Hill. It is bounded on three sides by Clark Hill Reservoir.
Movement of deer onto and off the study area during the census period was a major concern of mine. However, a close look at previous radio telemetry (radio tracking-see Feb. 1968

Game & Fish) data showed that most deer at Clark Hill have a very small range and that apparently the Jake serves as a barrier to movement off the area. Since there is no noticeable buildup of deer on the area after hunting commences on the outside, it was assumed that the lake is also a barrier to movement of animals onto the study area. With these minor problems solved and the research project approved, work was begun in July, 1969.
The method of census chosen was the "Lincoln Index" type count which is accepted by Wildlife Biologists as one of the more accurate census techniques.

10

The method involved trapping and tagging deer on the area and releasing them at the same site. These tagged deer were later counted as they are brought through the checking station as legal kills during the managed hunts. The census was made by comparisons of tagged to untagged deer.
Two types of live traps were used in capturing deer. One type was constructed of a pipe framework and covered with four-inch mesh nylon netting. The other type was a large plywood box with dropping doors on both ends. The nylon net traps could be folded and were very easy to move to different locations. Sixteen traps were used in the study during the September and October trapping period.
Deer were baited with salt, shelled corn, acorns and honeysuckle prior to the traps being set up. Whenever a particular baited area was being used regularly by deer, a nylon net trap was moved to the area and set. The plywood box traps were set up over the permanent salt licks.
The baited areas were not used regularly at first and only three traps were set the first day . District Biologist Dan

Counting noses of deer in a certain area isn't a simple matter of merely adding them up. Game biologists Dan Marshall, left, and Dick Whittington began by trapping as many deer as possible on the Clark Hill Wildlife Management Area. The more deer trapped, the more accurate the final results would be in the census study.

Marshall, Area Manager Joe Smallwood and myself waited with anticipation. The first stud y to accurately census a deer herd in Georgia was underway at last. I had expected to catch at least two deer in the three traps the first night, but to my surprise, one young buck decided to catch an afternoon snack at one of the traps. Needless to say, he was the first victim and was swiftly removed from the trap. This trap was baited and set with a hair trigger and scored again during the night. The other two traps also contained deer the next morning.
During the course of this scientific study, there was one operation that was not so scientific; namely, restraining and removing the deer from the trap. The technique consisted of crawling under a door, grasping any part of the deer's anatomy (preferably the hind feet) and holding on for dear life. To avoid injury to the trappers, bucks with antlers were chased from the trap into a section of nylon netting made into a loose bag with a drawstring. Then they were wrestled on the ground for tagging the same as were the does.

In order to keep records of those deer trapped, tags placed on the ear of each animal.

To be certain a lost tag wouldn't throw off the final results, a tag was placed in each ear.
11

Tagging complete, the deer was released. Scared but unharmed the deer was happy for the opportunity to head for home! Results of the hunt were tabulated according to how many tagged and how many untagged deer were harvested. From these figures, an estimate of the total population was obtained.

Metal tags were affixed to both ears of each deer captured. The tags were consecutively numbered for left and right ears for future identification. Each deer was released immediately at the same location it was captured. A hasty retreat to the nearest cover was the general rule, sometime with a couple of loud snorts to let us know that wrestling and ear tagging were not their idea of fun. However, all but one deer were good sports about the whole procedure. The one bad sport was a six point buck who gouged the eye socket of a temporary helper with an antler. The buck escaped none the worse for wear but a few stitches were required to patch up the wound he inflicted.
Some difficulty was experienced with doors to new traps hanging and other malfunctions of various types. Add to this a very good acorn crop and the trapping success was not as good as was anticipated. Forty-three deer were trapped and tagged and about 14 of these were caught a second time. A few of the deer became "hooked" on corn and were caught several times. It seems that the procedure they were subjected to wouldn't have been worth the double handful of corn, especially so with acorns raining down with each puff of wind.
With the tagging operation completed, the wait at the checking station began. It didn't last long as the first deer was brought in before noon on opening day. Very shortly after this, a
12

tagged deer was brought in and the number was recorded. During the bow and arrow hunt, 18 deer were killed on the stud y area, four of which were tagged. The following week during the two-day either-sex hunt with firearms , 77 deer were killed and 12 of them were tagged. So far as we could determine, not a single tagged deer was killed outside of the study area.
After the hunt were completed and aU the data tabulated, the census formula was used to compute the number of deer that were on the area before the hunts. The principle of the technique works on the theory that the rate at which the tagged deer were killed was the same as with untagged deer. For example, if exactly one-third of the tagged deer had been killed , it must be assumed that exactly one-third of the total number of deer present were killed. In such a case, the total number of deer killed could be multiplied by three to obtain the number of deer before the hunts. It is easily seen that the accuracy of the census increases with the number of deer that are trapped and tagged. In this study, a minimum of 30 deer would have given an accurate census.
The big question was finally answered. There were 255 deer on compartments 4, 5 and 6 before the hunts. This works out to be 68 deer per square mile, or one deer per nine and fourtenths acres. With a population like this, it is no wonder hunters are so successful at Clark Hill.

Of particular interest to biologists is

the percentage of a deer herd that can

be harvested and till maintain the same

population level from year to year. The-

oretically this percentage is the same as

the annual increment to the herd

through reproduction. Without knowing

exactly how many deer were added into

the herd during the summer of 1969, we

had to figure a conservative 30 to 35

percent. Thi meant that the allowable

harvest for the 1969 hunting season

could be exactly the same. Since we did

not know the number of deer present

before hunting season, the question of

how many deer to harvest had to be

dealt with by using many years of expe-

rience in regulating deer harvests.

In addition to the six-day bow and

arrow hunt, a firearms hunt was pro-

posed to allow 300 hunters to hunt deer

of either-sex for two days. These hunt-

ers removed 95 deer from the study

area which was a fraction over 37 per-

cent. Since all my estimates have turned

out so close, it might be appropriate to

mention that my estimate of the popula-

tion before hunting was 250 deer. . .

just five off the figured 255!

It can be seen that during the 1969

season, deer were plentiful at Clark

Hill. Through continued management

practices and, hopefully, many more es-

timates of populations that are reasona-

bly accurate, we intend to harvest ade-

quately at Clark Hill and continue the

good hunting that so many sportsmen

enjoy.

~

HOW TO
SAVE YOUR RIDE By Bob Wilson Photos by Ted Borg

Many a hunter disposes of his deer hide because he doesn't know what to do with it. Taking proper care of it, as soon as it is removed from the deer is important if you want to use it to make buckskin leather. It isn't difficult, and the end result is well worth the slight effort of following steps outlined in this article.

If you were lucky enough to bag a deer or even two this season, you probably noticed right away that these animals come wrapped in a rather tough layer of skin with fairly coarse hair on the outside. If you were wise, you left the skin on the carcass while it aged in cold storage, as this helps prevent the meat becoming too dry.
When it came time for cutting and wrapping the meat, the hide was left over as a by-product of a successful deer season. You were absolutely right if it crossed your mind that there ought to be some way to make something use-

ful out of that raw hide. There are a large number of useful things that you can make out of that skin, after it has been tanned . There are even a few applications for using the raw hide; but it cannot be allowed to get wet, or it will deteriorate.
Interested in a nice soft leather that you or someone else can use to make a number of useful and attractive items? If you got your deer, you have the start of it, but onl y the start. The skin must be carefully removed, prepared, and shipped off to the tanner before you can start work with it. Many useful

13

With the carcass hung up, a flap of hide is carefully separated Grasping the flap firmly and pulling downward with a steady

from the neck or hind legs.

pressure will generally peel the skin from the flesh .

items can be made from buckskin, as the finished leather is called. The purpose of this article is to let you know how to get the skin ready to send off to the tanner.
The first step, obviously, is removing the skin from the carcass. With the deer hanging head up, a cut is made around the neck. In the case of a buck with a good rack that may be worth having mounted , the cut is made around the base of the neck, down to the legs on the front, and across the shoulders on the back, leaving as much of a cape as possible for the taxidermist to work with. If the deer is a doe, the cut is
14

made at the top of the neck. Using a sharp knife, the skin may be
separated from the flesh for about six inches, forming a flap . Holding this flap firmly with both bands and pulling downwards with a steady pressure, the skin may be peeled from the flesh. Where the skin sticks to the flesh tightly and causes the flesh to tear, the knife should be used to separate the two for a distance of about two inches below the bottom of the spot of torn flesh.
The skin may be started on the legs in the same fashion as on the neck. The whole skinning process may be carried out with the deer hanging head
The skin must be "fleshed out" to remove patches of fat and flesh stiII clinging to the skin. Care must be taken to prevent cutting into the skin during this process.

down as shown in the accompanying photographs, with the pulling flaps started with the hind legs.
After the skin is freed from the carcass, there is still much work to do. Small patches of flesh wiJJ remain stuck to the hide, and some areas of the hide will be covered with a thin layer of fatty flesh. The e must be removed with a sharp knife. Careful work is called for here to avoid slicing through the skin or making a thin spot in it.
When the hide has been "fie hed out" it may be salted and stored until enough hides have been collected to send off to the tanners. While a single hide may be sent off for tanning, most hunters wait until they get their season limit of two and get together with several friends in order to collect a decent bundle of hides to send off. Hides may be safely stored for long periods by salting and storing in a freezer.
With ali excess flesh removed , the hide is liberally rubbed with rock salt, which will absorb moisture from the ski n. The hide may then be folded and rolled and stored in a freezer. Storing the hide in a plastic bag, while not really necessa ry, may pl acate the chief-of-thefreezer, and is required around my house.
When you are ready to send the hide or hides off to be tanned , they must be dried in the shade until the flesh side of the skin feels dry. Then wrap them up in burlap, drop them into a burlap

bag, put a tag on the bag, and ship them off. Commercial carrier is the most economical method of shipping more than two hides, while one or two may be sent reasonably by parcel post. Where to send them? A list of reputable tanning firms appears at the end of this article. Local taxidermists will sometimes offer to have hides tanned for hunters; but then they collect up a bundle and ship it off to these same tanners.
If you want to have the hides tanned with the hair on, a note to this effect should be attached to the hides. The same holds true if you want some special color or surface finish on the finished leather. Keep in mind, however, that the finished product may be stained later on.
All right, so back comes anywhere from one to a dozen hides (if you have been able to talk your hunting buddies out of theirs) all nicely tanned. All this has been a great deal of wasted effort if you aren't going to do anything with all that nice soft strong leather. Fear not! Our faithful readers with piles of buckskin will be rescued by later articles on how to work the buckskin into a number of items useful to the outdoorsman.
Some small-scale tanners are unable to insure consistant quality in finished leather, but the three listed below are relied upon by professional taxidermists and leather suppliers. The cost for having a single hide tanned varies from $4.50 to $6.00, and the price drops as the quantity increases.
New Method Fur Dressing Co. 131 Beacon St.
South San Francisco, Calif. 94131
Jonas Brothers, Inc. 1037 Broadway
Denver, Colorado 80203
Clearfield Taxidermy 603-605 Hannah St.
Clearfiel,d_, Pa. 16830
(Top)
Rock salt is rubbed into the skin
thoroughly to absorb moisture from the skin in order to prevent deterioration.
(Center)
After salting, the skin is folded and tightly rolled for storage or shipment.
(Bottom)
While a burlap bag should be used tor shipping hides to a tanner, wives are generally happier with a plastic wrapped
hide if it is to be stored in the home freezer before being sent off.
15

Letters of general interest will be ured as possible. Letters must be brief and to th e point. The number of letters received prevents us from using all letters. Wh en several letters on the same subject are received the editors reserve th e right to use only those which cover the subject best.
JACKSON POLLUTED
No doubt you read in the Atlanta Constitution paper a few weeks ago the article concerning the pollution of Lake Jackson by the cities of Atlanta and Decatur. Also, Ful ton and DeKalb Counties caused by dumping of sewage into South River.
If this mess is allowed to continue, this lake will soon become so filthy that it will be a health problem for people living in Newton, Butts, and Jasper Counti es. At the writing of this letter the water in this lake already stinks.
My house is 3 miles above where South River empties into the lake and it stinks here too. Fish are already starting to die, you can see them floating and washed up on the shores. It's going to get so bad down here that boating and swimming will have to be discontinued altogether. The fish will become unfit to eat so fishing will be stopped too.
The cities talk about pollution, but do nothing. It looks to me like they could build a sewage treatment plant large enough to take care of all the sewage, or find some way to burn or dry it up.
The SCS and the government want to dredge the Alcovy River and mess it up. I say if they are in such a hurry to spend money why don't they spend it where it will do some good .. . like cleaning up South River and helping the cities get rid of their s'!wage problems.
Clean up the first mess, before you make another one.
L. Winburn Monticello, Georgia
The Georgia Water Quality Control Board reports that South River is one of the most polluted streams in Georgia. Poor water quality in South River is a result of a number of factors. Inadequately controlled development combined with failure on the part of local governments to plan and install the sewers and wastewater treatment facilities to meet the needs of the area have contributed greatly to the problem.
Natural streamflow during dry weather available for dilution of treated sewage is also a factor. Since most of the water supply for the area comes from the Chattahoochee River and is diverted to the South River as wastewater, the flow in South River may be over 50% wastewater during dry weather. The problem is compounded in wet weather by combined sewers discharging untreated sewage to South River.
The Water Quality Control Board has completed a study of South River, Yellow River, Alcovy River, and Jackson Lake in cooperation with local and Federal agencies. A report is presently being prepared which will assist in the development of a comprehensive basin plan for pollution abatement; however, urban runoff combined with residual pollution from wastewater treatment facilities will continue
16

to present water quality problems in the basin. This is another example of man abusing his environment.
DOESN'T LIKE LEASES I think it is time someone spoke out against leased hunting rights, involving paper company land. The State and Federal Government have, in the past, stocked areas for hunters in districts owned or controlled by the State and Federal Government, where game has multiplied and of necessity, have spread out onto the paper company property. Now, I do not take exception to the fact, that a property owner has the right to lease his land, if he so desires, however in the case of the paper industry, their land is used for profit, (every time I spend money to buy products that their pine trees were used to produce, I create a profit for them , as does every other hunter) and should be made available to all hunters who pay for a license, wh ich in turn , pays for most of the game that is to be found in areas owned by the paper manufacturers. (I do not know of any stocking programs that are maintained by the paper producers). I have enjoyed deer hunting on one particular area of paper company land , in Jones County, for the past several years, however, this year the land has been leased. My hunting companions leased it and I could have joined in, but now the hunting on this land is limited to 14 hunters where before it was open to all. Why could not the State and Federal Government work out a leasing program on the land? It would seem that even a permit plan could be worked out. I realize that some of their land is incorporated in State and Federal area. I certainly would not object to a reasonable fee to be charged by the paper company for hunting rights on their land but I do not think you should be limited to one area of their land. Do you agree or disagree?
James M. Stanley Decatur, Ga.
Many hunters, like you, object to paper companies leasing hunting rights on their land. We have to realize that, like a small farmer, a timber company is a private landowner who raises a crop for profit. The farmer raises corn (and other crops) to sell, and we buy the products. If a landowner, large or small, wants to keep the public off his land, that is his right. I think you'll find, by and large, timber companies are allowing hunters to use their land more readily than most other landowners. As you pointed out, many of the lands operated by the State Game and Fish Commission as Game Management Areas are leased from timber companies. Some lands are open by timber companies on a fee basis as you suggested they do. Some lands are leased to clubs, as are many lands owned by farmers. And a great deal of paper company lands are open to the public free, if only hunters will ask permission. One paper company confided to us that one reason they lease lands to a club is because the general public abuses the privilege by damaging trees and dumping trash. How can we argue with them? It's their land . they may do as they wish. Nonetheless, we think they've been quite generous.
SHORT ON TURTLE LAWS
I have enjoyed your magazine for years, and still enjoy it although I am not able to follow a dog anymore.
The following is something I hope your conservation department will take up, and I don't want you to refer me to the local Game & Fish Department. They very likely know what's going on.
Since the sounds have been opened to shrimping commercially practically every day the Public Works Dept. has had to bury dead sea turtles on the beaches. There is

one I reported just now in front of Cedar St. These turtles have been killed with an
ax or other means. Most of them are hacked up pretty bad.
The people concerned at the pier th ink they are killed by the shrimpers after being caught in their nets.
I talked to one of the Public Works men just now and he said 75 were killed last year on St. Simons alone.
We saw none this year until the sounds were opened for shrimping. It would be pretty hard to catch anybody doing this, but th e sounds could be kept closed.
J. H. Edwards St. Simons Island, Ga.
It is true that some dead turtles have washed ashore on the Georgia coast. It is also probably true that most of them were caught in shrimp nets. After being dragged in nets for some time, some of the turtles will drown. Shrimpers throw all the turtles back, whether dead or alive. Unfortunately, there is nothing the Commission can do to prevent this harm to turtles, even though state laws protect them. We have no way of keeping turtles out of nets. Soon, however, the turtles should move offshore and eliminate this problem. Apparently, they're staying inshore later than usual this year. They normally nest on beaches during late spring and summer.
the
outdoor world
Big Fish Deadine Set
A deadline of January 10, 1971 has been set on entries for the 1970 Georgia Big Fish Contest. The deadline has been set as early in the year as possible in order that the winners may be announced in the Georgia GAME & FISH magazine without a long delay.
The contest is jointly sponsored by the Georgia GAME & FISH magazine and the Georgia Sportsman's Federation. Top winners in six catagories win rod and reel outfits. The six catagories are black bass, white bass, crappie, bream , mountai n trout, and catfish.
Contest entry forms can be obtained from the State Game and Fish Commission, 270 Washington St., S.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30334. Entries must be postmarked no later than January 10 to be eligible.
-Bob Wilson
Editorial (cont'd.)
Do It Yourself
together with strong support by individuals as well as groups, this kit will make for some of the finest hunting and fi shing in the nation. Write your legislator, report violations of conservation laws. Don't rely on the other fellow doing it for you , he may just not give it the time needed to do it properly; do-it-yourself.
-Bob Wilson

Sportsman's Calendar

HUNnNG SEASONS
MOURNING DOVES: December 17, 1970 through January 15, 1971. Daily bag limit is 18. Shooting hours noon till sunset prevailing time.
BRANT Season- November 16, 1970 throuJb January 24, 1971. Bag Limit - 6 daily, possession lim1t 6.
DUCKS, MERGANSERS AND COOTS Season- December 2, 1970 throu$h January 20, 1971. Bag Limit-Ducks: 4 daily, including no more than 2 black ducks, 2 wood ducks, 1 canvasback or 1 redhead. Possession limit 8, including not more than 4 wood ducks, 1 canvasback or 1 redhead or 4 black ducks. Mergansers: 5 daily including no more than 1 hooded merganser; possession limit 10 including no more than 2 hooded mergansers. Coota: 15 daily, possession limit 30. An additional 2 scaup daily and 4 in possession may be taken during the re~ar duck season in those portions of Chatham, Bryan, Liberty, Mcintosh, Glynn and Camden counties lying on the Intracoastal Waterway only.
GALLINULE Season- November 7, 1970 tbrou~ January 15, 1971. Bag Limit-15 daily, possession limit 30.
WOODCOCK Season- November 20, 1970 through January 23, 1971. Bag Limit-S daily, possession limit 10.
TURKEY Season - November 20, 1970 through February 27, 1971 in Baker, Calhoun, Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Grady, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, and Thomas counties only. Bag Limit-2 per season.
BEAR Season - November 7, 1970 through January 2, 1971 in Brantly, Clinch, Charlton, Echols and Ware counties only. Bag Limit-1 per season.

MANAGED DEER HUNTS SCHEDULE

lUCK ONLY
Date

A.ntl/9

Dec. 4-5 ...... . ......... .. ... Waycross State Forest

Dec. 4-5, 18-19 ........ . .Chickasawhatchee (QH 300 each 2 days)

Dec. 7-11 ... . ... . .... . . . ....... . . . . . .Suwanooche

Nov. 30-Dec. 5 ... ....... .. .. .. . .. .. .Bullard Creek

Dec. 14-19 ..... .. ... . . . .. . .. . ... . ..... Arabia Bay

In Season . .. Altamaha, Lake Seminole and Grand Bay

ANTLDLUS ONLY

Dates

Areu

Dec. 28 ... . .. . ............ Cedar Creek (QH 1,000)

Dec. 28-29 .... Piedmont Experiment Station (QH 500)

Dec. 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .Clark Hill (QH 300)

Dec. 7 . . .. .. . ... . . . .... . .. .. .John's Mt. (QH 200)

IIIHIR SIX

Datu

A.retu

Dec. 7 . ..... . . .. .......... . .Blue Ridge (QH 400),
Chattahoochee (QH 300), Chestatee (QH 300)

Dec. 19 .. ..... . . . .......... Lake Russell (QH 500)

Dec. 12 .. .... . .......... . . . .... . ... Suwannoochee

Jan. 2 . . .. ... .. . ..... . ... .. Lake Burton (QH 400)

SMALL GAMI MANAGED HUNTS SCHEDULE

Dates

A.real9

Reg. Season .. ..... . ..... Lake Seminole, Whitesburg, Allatoona, Altamaha (except
Butler Island), Cohutta, Grand Bay, Brunswick Pulp and Paper Co. (except
during dog deer hunts)

During waterfowl season, by permit only .... . ........ Altamaha (Butler Island)

Dec. 4-5, 11-12 . ....... .Lake Russell (Raccoon only)

Dec. 9-Feb. 27 ....... . ... ............ Lake Russell Wed., Fri. &: Sat.

Dec. 11-Feb. 27 .... . ............... Coleman River Fri.&: Sat.

Jan. 22-23 .. ..... . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .... Chestatee Feb. S-6, 19-20

Jan. 29-30 ..... . .... ... .... . ... . . .... Lake Burton Feb. 12-13, 26-27

Dec. 9-Feb. 27 .......... .. . . .. .Piedmont Exp. Sta. Wed., Fri. &: Sat.

Dec. 9-23 &: Jan. 2-Feb. 27 ... .... ..... .Cedar Creek Wed., Fri. & Sat. only

Jan. 22-23-Feb. S-6, 19-20 . ... . ...... .Chattahoochee

Dec. 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, 26, 30 Jan. 2, 6, 9, 13, 16 ...... . .. . . . . ..... Bullard Creek

Jan. 4-9 ...... .. ................ .. .. .Suwanoochee

Jan. 22-23-Feb. S-6, 19-20 ....... ... .. . .Blue Ridge

Jan. 11-16 .. . ..................... . .. .Arabia Bay

Dec. 9-Feb. 27 . . ..... . ............. . .Oaky Woods Wed. & Sat. only

Jan. 2-30 .. ... . .............. .. ........ Clark Hill Wed. &: Sat. only

Jan. 22-23-Feb. 2-6 .... ... ....... ... ... Warwoman

Jan. 4-9 ......... . ......... Alapaha (E. of Ga. 135)

Feb. 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13 .......... Waycross State Forest

Jan. 9, 11, 12, 13 .............. . .. .Chickasawhatchee
SECTION 37
GROUSE: January 16 through February 27, 1971. Bag limit three (3) daily; possession limit six (6). (2602-.30 Amended)
SlcnON 38
OPOSSUM: October 17, 1970, through February 27, 1971. Statewide season. Exception: Coweta County will be open ~tember 26, 1970, through January 23, 1971. No bag lim1t. (260-2-.31 Amended)

SEcnON 39
QUAD..: November 20, 1970, through February 27, 1971. Statewide season. Bag limit twelve (12) daily; possession limit thirty-six (36). (260-2-.32 Amended)
SlcnON 40
RABBIT: (1) November 20, 1970, through January 30, 1971. The counties of Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jackson, Madison, Elbert, and all counties north of those listed will be open for rabbit hunting. Bag limit five (5) daily.
(2) November 20, 1970, through February 27, 1971, in all counties south of the above listed counties. Bag limit ten (10) daily. (260-2-.33 Amended)
SEcnON 41
RACCOON: (l) October 17, 1970, through February 27, 1971, in Carroll, Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Barrow, Jackson, Madison, Elbert, and all counties north of those listed. Bag limit one (1) per night per person.
(2) All counties south of the above named counties are open year round for the taking of raccoons. No bag limit. (260-2-.34 Amended)

SICTION 42
SQUIRREL: October IS, 1970, through February 27, 1971. Bag limit ten (10) daily. (260-2-.35 Amended)

17

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