Georgia game and fish [Vol. 3, no. 10 (Oct. 1968)]

'":ORGIA

VOL. 3, NO. 10 I OCTOBER, 1968

~GEORGIA
~GAME&FISH

October 1968

Volume Ill

Number 10

WANTED

The Mountain Lion Trophy Conservation Communications Award-1967 The Georgia Sportsmen 's Federation .

Contents

Big Buck Bonanza!

....... . Jim Morrison 1

Hunting's Great For Sixty-Eight

. Marvin Tye 4

Big Deer Contest . . ..

7

Coyote Culprits .

Dean Wohlgemuth 9

Load 'Em From The Muzzle! .. Dean Wohlgemuth 11

Outdoor World

15

Sportsmen Speak

15

Sportsman's Calendar

16

Tide Table

17

Lester G. Maddox
Gove rnor

George T. Bagby
Director, State Game & Fish Commission

COMMISSIONERS

Rankin M. Smith ,

James Darby

Chairman

Vice Chairman

Atlanta- 5th District

Vidalia -1st District

William Z. Camp, Sec.

J. B. Langford

Newnan-6th District

Calhoun-7th District

Richard Tift

Judge Harley Langdale,

Albany-2nd District

Valdosta-8th District

William E. Smith

Clyde Dixon

Americus-3rd District

Cleveland-9th District

Charles L. Davidson , Jr.

Leonard Bassford

Avondale Estates-4th District Augusta-lOth District

Jimmie Williamson

Darien -Coastal District

TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION Jack A. Crockford, Assistant Director
Leon Kirkland, Fisheries Chief Hubert Handy, Game Management Chief Charles M. Frisbe, Supervisor, Marine Fisheries Robert S. Baker, Special Services Coordinator

LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION Bill Cline
Deputy State Chief, Atlanta David Gould
Deputy State Ch ief. Brunswick

GEORGIA GAME & FISH STAFF

J om Morrison . Editor

Dean Woh lgem uth .

J. Hall, Staff Writer

Staff Writer

Ted Borg. Photographer

Marvin Tye , Staff Writer

Georgia Game and Fish is the official monthly magazine of the Georgia Game and Fis h Commission, published at the Commtssion 's offices, 401 State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia 30334. No advertising accepted. Subscriptions are $1 for one year or $2.50 for three years . Printed by Stein Printing Company,Atlanta, Ga. NotificationofaddresschaniJemustinclude both old and new address and ZIP code, with 30 days nottce. No subscription requests will be accepted without ZIP code. Articles and photographs may be reprinted. Proper credit should be given. Contributions are welcome, but theeditorsassumenoresponsibilityorliabilityforlossordamageofarticles, photographs, or illustrations . Second-class postage paid at Atlanta, Ga.

GAME LAW
---------- ...V__IO__L_A_T_O_R_. __S___ ---~-._ .
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BOWHUNTERS ARE CONSERVATION CLUBS
One of the most encouraging conservation projects undertaken by a sportsman's organization in recent years is the reward program being 'initiated this year on a trial basis by the Georgia Bowhunters Association. The GBA is a group of almost 700 archers in 38 affiliated clubs dedicated to improving the hunting and shooting skills of their members, while educating the general public in their sport, encouraging them to take up archery.
By offering a $50.00 reward for violators who kill a deer, turkey, or bear during the archery season and management area bow hunts, archers are doing something that benefits more people than just their own group.
At the same time, they are taking an active role in combating the destructive acts of a handful of unscrupulous violators who would poach a deer with a gun during the archery season and claim they had killed it legally with a bow. Undoubtedly, the overwhelming majority of bowhunters are law-abiding. Just a few bad apples disguised as archers could give the entire group a bad name, and result in complaints by other sportsmen to close the pre-season archery hunts.
In the past, there have been reports of such violations. Exactly how many occurred is impossible to know. Many may never be revealed, but quite frequently, the number of violations of this type is exaggerated through the rumor-mill, and gets blown out of proportion . It will be interesting to see how many violators are reported and caught this year.
The reward gives added inducement to archers and any person to turn in culprits that are threatening their sport's very existence. All too frequently, violators are allowed to go unmolested by other hunters who "don't want to be a tattle-tale" or who "don't want to get involved." Such an attitude is shortsighted.
In any event, now is the time for archers, hunters, sportsmen, wildlife conservationists, and the public in general to unite and close ranks in the battle against their common enemy, the game hog-a thief in disguise.-J. M. ON THE COVER: Back to the good days, Georgia style, with the opening of the 1968 primitive weapons hunt on the Warwoman Management Area Oct. 14-19. Last year's successful hunters, complete with period clothing and beards, bagged a nice 6-point buck with a muzzleloading rifle. Color photo by Ted Borg. ON THE BACK COVER: Can you guess what picturesque stream this is? Well, it's the Amicalola River on Georgia 53 between Dawson and Tate. Incidentally, it's open for trout fishin g year 'round, even though most Georgia trout streams close Oct. 15 until April l of next year. Color photo by Ted Borg. PHOTO CREDITS: Ted Borg 1, 3, 4, c. 5, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14; D an Keever 9; Ron Simpson t. 5; C. W. White b. 5.

BIG BUCK BONANZA
Records fall in the first year of Georgia's Big Deer Contest
The finest rack taken by a deer hunter in Georgia during last year's season was felled by 1 7-year-old Leonard W. Shirley of Atlanta, hunting in Newton County: Shirley's trophy rack placed in the records of the Boone and Crockett Club.

By Jim Morrison
Barry Hancock and Leonard Shirley are the two luckiest deer hunters in Georgi a, at least at the moment.
The two young men showed their elders how Ia t year with the first deer either one had killed . Hancock's 320 pound field dressed buck was the heaviest known deer ever bagged in Georgi a while Shirley's buck carried the fine t rack taken by a Georgia hunter in 1967.
Both men won a high-powered deer hunting rifle for their trophies in the first annu al Big Deer Contest sponsored by Georgia Game & Fish Magazine and the Georgia Sportsmen 's Federation. Their prizes will be awarded at the awards banquet of the Georgia Sportsmen's Federation at Macon on December 7.
Shi rley's buck is the fourth largest typical whitetail rack recorded for a Georgia hunter, measuring 172Ys points by the Boone & Crockett Club system. The largest officially recorded rack from Georgia i a 184 point buck bagged th e previous season in 1966 by Gene Almand of Riverdale, also taken in ewton County. (The world 's record typical whitetail rack is 2065/s.)
H ancock's monster 320 pound dressed buck is the largest officiall y recorded deer ever taken in Georgia, although there are unofficial reports of larger deer that were not uncovered by the beginning of the deer contest and certification program for past large kills. (The world's record whitetail weighed 402 pounds field dressed , and was taken on
ovember 22, 1926 in Cook County, Minnesota, by Carl J. Lenander, .Jr. of M i n n e a p o lis.)
eed less to say, both deer set off a wave of excitement among deer hunter in Georgia . With the opening of a new season and a fresh contest, hunters are eager to break the new records by bagging the gra nddaddy of 'em all-if they're lucky enough.
T he experi ences of Shirley and H ancock probably would lead most deer hun te rs to agree that deer hunting is a bou t 90 per cent luck , five per cent skill , and five per cent bei ng in a good place at the right time. either man had ki lled a deer before. either had any idea they had killed a record buck at the time.
Just 17 years old whe n he bagged hi big rack , Leonard W. Sh irley, J r. is now

a meter installer for the Georgia Power Company who lives with his parents at 1716 Cecile Avenue, S. E., .in Atlanta.
A slender six-foot 150 pounder with brown hair and blue eyes, Leonard is an avid hunter who first went deer hunting three seasons ago. He also likes to hunt quail, doves, and rabbits. "He's a good shot," his mother verifies. Now engaged, Shirley says his fiancee has already promised to go deer hunting with him this year!
On the morning of November 18 when he bagged the big buck, Leonard was hunting with his fiancee's father and his brother-in-Jaw on pulpwood company land in Newton County.
"It was pretty cool and foggy with a little wind," Leonard recalls. "I sat down on my stand, but I couldn't see anything until about 7 :30, when the fog lifted. My brother-in-law and my girl's dad were to my left, and I was on top of a hill.
"At about 8: 30, my brother-in-law lit a cigarette, just about the time I heard something coming up out of the swamp. It sounded just like a man walking, but I got my gun up anyway, just in case.
"Sure enough, here he .came running toward me. There was a ditch between us. I figured I'd let him cross the ditch before I shot him , so he'd have less chance of getting away from me. Just as he came out of the ditch, he stopped and looked toward me, then started a slow run," Leonard said.
"He was crossing at a 45 degree angle to me when I aimed at his right front shoulder and shot - it just knocked him over! He jumped up and took a big jump, then fell back down again on his left side and went around
The heaviest officially recorded deer ever killed in Georgia was shot by 23-year-old Barry Hancock of Thomaston, hunting in Upson County. The record buck field dressed at 320 pounds, and probably weighed over 400 pounds on the hoot.

and around in a circle.

"Quick as I shot him, I started run-

ning down there to him and pushed him

into that ditch with the butt of my gun

-then I started screaming, I thought.

My brother-in-law said that I just had

my mouth open-that they couldn't even

hear me! He was so excited, he just shot

into an oak tree!"

After field dressing the buck, the

three men dragged him a hundred yards

to the road , where they were met by

about a dozen excited hunters. "One

man even offered me $100 for his head

when I got him to the road," Leonard

said, "But I wouldn't have taken any-

thing for it. I was mainly afraid they'd

try to stick my head in the carcass.

"That was the first'n I ever killed,"

Leonard proudly says. "I'd seen some

before, but never good enough to shoot.

I saw six or seven the first day .in the

same spot twice before last season, and

once the year before. I don't know if I'll

go back there this year or not-1 know

where a bigger one is somewhere else!",

Leonard smiles.

He was hunting with a surplus Ger-

man Mauser 98 .8 mm r.ifle with iron

sights that he bought for $30, along

with some 180 grain rounds of soft

point ammunition. He heart-shot the

deer.

Shirley didn't know about the state

contest, but he did take the buck into

Covington to be weighed in a local con-

test. The buck dressed out at 186

pounds, 15 pounds under a deer that

had already been entered.

"I was really glad to hear about your

contest," Shirley said, "so I took the

head up to the Capitol and Mr. Jack

Crockford measured it for me."

Estimates vary, but on the hoof, Shir-

ley's buck probably weighed from 232

to 238 pounds. Dyed-in-the-wool trophy

hunters couldn't care less about its

weight, with a rack over the 170 point

minimum of the Boone and Crockett

Club.

But for laymen who don't understand

the finer points of judging and scoring

trophy racks, the greatest amount of ex-

citement was probably generated by the

320-pound buck bagged by then 22-

year-old Barry Hancock of Thomaston,

a business administration major at

Georgia Southwestern College at

Americus.

A strong 21 0-pound six-footer, the

black-haired, green-eyed Hancock was

president of the Thomaston Archery

Club last year. While bow hunting dur-

ing Upson County's first deer season

in recent history, he spotted the track

of an extraordinarily large deer. Al-

though he saw several deer in the area

too far away for a shot, he didn't see

the big buck.



On the opening day of Upson's first

gun deer season November 4, Hancock

went back to the same area with his brother Barney, an Army major who had just returned from Vietnam.
"I didn't much want to kill a deer that day," Barry recalls. "I was mostly interested in my brother killing one. We got on our stands about 6:30. It was a cold, windy day. After a while, I decided I'd get up and stalk around a bit and run one over my brother if I could. You know deer don't move much on a windy day," Barry said.
"Since my brother was up-wind from me about a hundred yards, I started off walking with the wind-1 know it's against all the rules. I was wearing my camouflage suit, since there weren't any other hunters on the property.
"I came up on a pine thicket, when I heard one snort and stomp off. I sat down right there and waited for him to come back and see what I was, since it was the rutting season," Barry continued.
"Pretty soon I heard him grunting, like an old hog, coming down- an old ditch. I stood up just before he came out of the ditch about 65 yards away, giving me a broadside shot. I figured I'd better take it!
"I got off one shot-the deer flinched -I figured I had him-then he began to run! He ran right to me and came within 15 feet of me before he turned and went the other way. I shot him again two times in his rear end, but he just kept on running!
"I tried to track him, but there wasn't any blood trail-just a little meat on the ground where I had hit him. About the time I had decided to get some help to look for him , I walked back to my stand to pick up my jacket 70 or 80 yards away, and there he was, lying right beside my jacket!"
For Barry, that was when the work really began. Getting down on his knees, he tr.ied to move the big deer without any success. "Finally, I wrestled him up beside a tree to dress him. My brother helped me, and then we pulled him out to the road , a few feet at a time. It took us about an hour to drag him a hundred yards, up an incline."
Then Barry carried the record buck to L. 0. Fowler's Grocery in Thomaston, where it was weighed on Fowler's Chatillion hanging balance scale, used to weigh meat carcasses. The scale bears the inspection seal of the State Department of Agriculture, and is legal for trade purposes. It can weigh up to 600 pounds.
More than a dozen or so witnesses saw the weighing, including Fowler and one of his employees at the time, Frank Wheeless. Later, wildlife ranger Herman Truelove inspected Fowler's scales and verified their accuracy.
Hancock has hunted deer about six

Shirley's trophy was scored by Game and Fish Commission Assistant Director Jack Crockford, who is the principal official measurer for the Boone & Crocket Club in Georgia. Most hunters would describe Shirley's buck as a 12-pointer. Under the complicated Boone & Crockett sytsem, the rack scored 172-% points.

years with the bow and the gun, primarily in Georgia and Alabama. He once shot at a deer, but missed it.
" My first shot must have been deflected by some little pines," Barry says. "I never looked at the rack too much until I downed him , then I was amazed. I've never seen anything like it in my life! It looked to me that his rack would have hindered his running, but it didn't. It was something like a dream-! never expected to run up on something like that in the woods. I've never seen anything with so many horns on deer. I was just like a child with a new toy!"
Unfortunately for Barry's rack measurements, one of his trophy buck's antlers on the right side extends downward approximately a foot, ruining his qualifications under the Boone and Crockett system , which favors more "typical" symmetrically formed racks, as well as size. Hancock's rack measured 1241/s points under the typical formula, with a nontypical score of 147-24Ys or 171 'Vs points (The world's record non-typical rack is 286 points).
Although he hunted deer several times after killing the big buck without getting another shot, Barry didn't go back to the same spot. "A lot of people tried to go there and take advantage of the owner's private property," Barry said. "They didn't have permission, and caused him a lot of trouble."
Like Shirley, Hancock says he knows

of an even larger buck, but he won't say where, either! But game biologists of the Commission feel that the largest deer in the State are along the Flint River in newly opened counties that were stocked with a large substrain of Wisconsin deer that have not yet lost their original characteristics. Barry's buck may have been part of the original stocking, or a first-line descendant.
There is no public hunting land in either Upson or Newton County, although pulpwood company land is found in both. Most companies don't like hunters going on their property, but some allow it anyway, with permission from the nearest company office. Georgia law requires that hunters and fishermen have permission from the landowner, regardless of whether the land has posted signs or not.
Two of the Commission's game management areas have trophy bucks: Oaky Woods near Perry, and Piedmont Experiment Station near Eatonton.
Hancock used a Marlin .30-30 lever action rifle with Federal 170 grain softpoint ammunition to fell the buck, which was heart-shot, even though the bullet entered the deer from behind.
Exactly how much Barry's buck weighed on the hoof is impossible to tell. A rule of thumb used by game biologists is to add one fourth of the dressed weight to determine the live weight, adding 80 pounds to 320 for a

total of approximately 400 pounds live weight! (To find the dressed weight from the live weight, subtract one fifth.) Another method is to add 28 per cen_t of the dressed weight, which gives a figure of 409 pounds. Neither rule is foolproof, however. And since the deer's jawbone and teeth were discarded by the taxidermist, there is no way to determine how old the deer was. Estimates range from 3lh to 5lh years in age.
Antler measuring for the contest was done by Game and Fish Commission Assistant Director Jack Crockford, who is an official Boone and Crockett Club measurer. Only racks that were obviously contenders for the top prize were remeasured by Crockford, who is one of the three judges of the contest. The other two are the president of the Georgia Sportsmen's Federation, Jim Adams, and the editor of Game and Fish Magazine.
Hunters would do well to follow Crockford's admonishments about weighing their deer : not to be offended if the validity of their claims are examined. "Deer are like fish ," Crockford says, "they tend to get bigger in the telling!"
Crockford advises hunters to not follow the example of one hunter who called him up in the middle of the night raising cain because a deer larger than his had been reported in the news media. "He had already cut up the deer, so he weighed the meat on a bathroom scales. Then he went to the taxidermist and weighed the skin and head, and added them all up!" Crockford smiled. "Another fellow entered a head he had killed two years ago and said he killed it this past season."
The contest rules specifically say that deer must be weighed in one piece after field dressing, which includes removal of the heart, liver, and lungs, as well as intestines. The hide, head, and legs must still be attached to the carcass. Weighing must be done on a balance type scales acceptable for trade purposes such as meat or cotton scales.
Twenty deer were entered in either the antler division or the weight division, including several deer from previous seasons entered for certification only as records. Certificates are given to any hunter from any past season with an authenticated kill of more than 200 pounds field dressed weight or rack of 150 typical or 175 non-typical points, Boone and Crockett.
Extra entry forms are available from the Game and Fish Commission's Atlanta office, wildlife rangers, affiliated clubs of the Georgia Sportsmen's Federation, and recognized Big Deer Contest weighing stations.
Who knows .. . maybe there's a world's record Georgia whitetail out there somewhere ... waiting for you!

HUNTINCs
GREAT
FOR sa
IWE HOPE !I
By Marvin Tye

According to the Georgia Game and Fish Commission's wildlife management p.!rsonnel, hunters in the Peach State should be able to enjoy one of the finest hunting seasons to come their way in many a moon.
The deer herd seems to be growing in number. Dry weather has helped to reduce the mortality rate on quail and insured that the hunter will have a greater number of feathered targets than normal in some areas. Indications are that the dove population will be as good as last year. Squirrel and rabbit populations are at least holding their own and seem to be increasing in some areas.
Hubert Handy, Chief of Game Man-

agement for the Game and Fish Commission, says that the trend for the deer kill for the past few years has been for a one percent to two percent increase each year. Twenty percent of the deer killed last year came from the North Georgia mountains. Thirty-seven percent were taken from the Piedmont, nine percent from Southwest Georgia, and the remaining 34 percent from Southeastern Georgia, especially Fort Stewart.
In addition , 125 of the state's 159 counties are open to deer hunting this year. Nine counties or portions of counties which have been closed for several seasons are open this year. These coun-

1968 is expected to be an unusually good year for quail hunters. Th e nesting season was very successful, due to a decreased amount of heavy rains during the winter and early spring.
Rabbit hunting is still poor in most of Georgia. The best hunting will be along the Georgia coast.
Squirrel hunting prospects are poor, due to a poor mast crop in North Georgia. South Georgia is the best bet.

ties are Gwinnett, Forsyth, Troupe, H ea rd, Colqu itt, La ni er, Ware a nd Telfair. Each of these hould have good hunting with the added bonus of a cha nce at a big buck in a n area that has not been over-hunted.
H andy says the mountai ns have a good deer population but are a difficu lt area to bunt. H e rate Rabun, Towns, White, Lumpkin and Fannin a the top counti es for deer hunting in orth Georgia. In the Piedmont, he favors Ja per, Jones , Butts, and Putnam as the top counti es wit h those counti es bordering them ranking almost as hi gh. In the Southeas t, he says th at the counties bordering the Savannah Ri ver a nd those borderin g the coast are superior to those further in the interior.
The finest quail hunting in the state, according to H and y, is in the Southwe tern countie - D ecatur, Grady, Colquitt, Brooks, Lowndes, Mitchell, Dougherty, and Worth. H e says that the quality of the qu ail hunting decrea es as the hunter moves north . Unfortunately , there are few area open to the public fo r quai l huntin g in Southwest Georgia. Fairly good quail hunting is fou nd in the agricu ltural land around Macon. with decreasing numbers of quail to the north . The Piedmont area also produces fairly good quai l hunting wit h the poorest quail hunting to be fou nd in the mountai ns. Quail hunting in all sect ions of the state should be a good as cou ld be no rmall y ex pected , with the decline in far ml a nd habi tat.
Rabbi t hunting is expected to be good in South Georgi a. North Georgia

rates a poor second as a cottontail hun t-

ing section.

Squirrels are not overly ab unda nt in

orth Georgia. Handy blames this fact

on a poor mast crop. The hardwood

forests of the Piedmont are expected to

yield good squirrel hunting. Squirrel

hunting in South Georgia will be more

limited becau e of the predominance of

pine and a smaller number of hard-

wood tree . Hunting 111 hardwood

patches should be good.

Middle Georgia Game Management

Supervisor Dick Whittington agrees that

th is should be one of the finest yea rs for

deer huntin g in Georgia's hi tory. He

claim s that deer herds are now expand-

ing into areas where there were no deer

before. l n hi s section of the state, two

new count ies will be open for deer hunt-

ing this year, Troup and Heard. Di ck

believe that the Oak y Woods Wildlife

Management Area wi ll probably offer

the best deer hunting of any manage-

ment area in his ection of the state. H e

also believes the Piedmont Ex periment

Station Area will offer good hunting for

big rack .

Dick ays that the unusually dry con-

ditions of the past yea r have helped the

qu ail population to bu ild up to a large

number. H eavy rai ns a nd low tempera-

tures can cause death to young quail by

drown ing or freezing.

D oves are abundant in Dick's section

a nd he believes this will be one of the

best yea rs for dove hunting in a lon g

time. The rabbit a nd quirrel popul ation

eem to be about the same as usu al and

should offer good hun ting.

>-'=>

5

DEER SEASON
Season A: Oct. tS-Jan. 2. 1969 Season B: Nov. 4-Nov. 30, 1968 Season C: Nov. 4-Nov. 23, 1968 Season D: Nov. 4 - Nov . 16, 1968 Season E: Nov. 4 - Nov . 12, 1968 Season F: Nov. 4 - Jan . 2, 1969
Cl Closed Counties

and opening dates for other species fall

during the next two months. For a

more detailed breakdown of Georgia

hunting seasons, see the calendar page

of this. iss ue.

For those of our readers new to hunt-

ing, especially for deer, i.t should be
kept in mind that hunting on the prop- '

erty of another is legal only with the

landowner's .consent.

It is now illegal to hunt no n-game

species with any weapon other than a

shotgun with # 4 shot or smaller, .22

rimfire rifles, centerfire rifles with bore

diameter of .225 or smaller, all caliber

pistols, muzzle loading firearms, a nd

bows and arrows.

Other regulations pertaining to hunt-

ing are printed .in the Game and Fish

Commission's hunting a nd fishing regu-

lations booklet and its booklet on m an-

agement area hunting. These can be ob-

tained at no charge by writing the

G ame and Fish Commission, 401 State

Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia 30334.

Know the law, practice firearms and

bow-handling safety, and have a good

time . This hunting season should prove

to be a fine one.

-

Sid Pai nter, Wa ycross District Game Biologist, says the deer popul ation on the Suwanoochee Management Area is health y and abundant a nd should provide good hunting. Parts of Lanier County will be open fo r the first time and should offer good deer hunting. Other top counties for deer hunting are Echols and Clinch. The Arabi a Bay area will be open for its first deer hunt this yea r and should be a good bet.
Although the Waycross Management Area was open for deer hunting last season, it was only lightl y hunted due to heavy rains dur ing the period when it was open. That area will offer almost virgin deer hunting thi s year. Hunters might even bag a bear there this yearthe first time bear have been legal game on a state m anagement a rea. If last yea r's hunter success is a ny indication of this year's results, the Chickasawhatchee Area should be a winner. Hunters bagged 147 bucks there last season.
Painter also says that there is a heavy po pu lat ion of rabbits in his di strict, a fair popul ation of squ irre ls, a fair ly good popu lation of doves, a nd th at quail a re fairl y a bund ant.
Oscar D ewberry, Coastal Region Game Management Supervisor at D arien, says that the deer hunting in this area should be as good if not better tha n it was last yea r. The Brunswick Pulp and P aper Company Area will be open to the public for the second time this year and should provide some good hu nting. The area is open from October 1-14 for bow hunting and Nov. 4-J an. 2 for deer with fire::trms with specified

days on certain portions of the area re served for hunting with dogs on ly. No other game can be taken during these hunts. With the exception of the deer hunting with dogs, no permits or checking in or out are necessary. An y small game in season can be hunted.
Oscar believes the quail hunting should be better tha n las t yea r, with the best hunting in T att nall , W ay ne, and other inla nd counties. According to Dewberry, the rabbit hunting should be good this year; turkey hunting in Camden County should be good ; squirrel hunting should be good ; and hunting for waterfowl and marsh hens should be about the same as last year.
According to James Scharnagel, wildli fe biologist in the Game and Fish Commission's Gainesville office, a good population of deer is located in his district. H all , Gwinnett, and Forsyth counties will be open for deer hunting for the first time this season a nd should produce good hunting.
J im reports that the dry North Georgia hi lls will be a poor area for the raccoon hunter. Ra bbits, quail, and squirrel are also said to be found in small numbers. Dove hunting is expected to be about average this year.
October is the month for bowhunters to begin pursuing deer all over Georgia. Firearms users will get their cha nce to hunt the wily bucks in some Southeastern counties on October 15. Primitive weapons users will be able to hunt the Warwoma n a rea October 14-19. Dove seaso n began September 7, closing October 5. Grouse season starts in October

MANAGED DEER HUNTS SCHEDULE
(Hunts marked " QH" with a number are limited quota hunts . Number of hunters allowed is indi cated. Hunters wi ll be determi ned by drawings in advance of the hunt. For detai ls on each area, consult the directory.)

PR IMITIVE WEAPONS (EITHER SEX)

Dates
Oct. 14-19 Nov. 22-23 Dec. 16-21

Areas
Warwoman Chickasa wa tchee Pi edmont Exp . Station

Dates
Oct . 1-14 Oct. 14-19 Oct. 21-26 Nov . 7-9

ARCHERY (EITHER SEX)
Areas Brun sw ick Pulp & Paper Co. Clark Hi ll , Blue Ridge John 's MI., lake Russell Suwanoochee

Dates In Season Nov . 4-Jan . 2
Nov. 18-23 Nov. 25-27 Nov. 25-30
Nov . 25-29 Dec. 2-7 Dec. 6-7,
13-14 Dec. 16-21

BUCK ONLY
Area s
Altamaha and lake Seminole
Brunswick Pu lp and Paper Company (Spe cial re gulations apply to each trac t of this area . See special sec t ion in this broch ure for details .)
Arabia Bay
Allatoona (QH 400)
Blue Rid ge , Bullard Creek , Chattahoochee , Chestatee , Coleman River, John's MI. , Lake Burton , lake Russell, Oaky Woods, Swallow Creek, Warwoman
Cedar Creek , Clark Hill , Piedmont Exp. Station
Waycro ss State Forest
Chi ckasawatch ee (QH 300 each 2 days)
Suwa noochee (permit requ ired, no fee )

Date s Dec . 2

ANnERLESS ONLY
Ar eas
Blue Ri dge (QH 500) Chestatee (QH 300), Lake Burton (QH 300), Colema n River (QH 300)

Big Deer Contest

Sponsored by the Georgia Sportsmen's Federation and
Georgia Game & Fish Magazine.

Ga. Record Weight: 320 lbs., Barry Hancock, Thomaston, Upson Co ., Nov. 4, 1967

'IWorld's Record 402 lbs.

Typical Rack: 184 pts., Gene Almand, Riverdale, Newton Co., Nov. 16, 1966

2055fs pts.

Nontypical Rack: 17H's pts., Barry Hancock, Thomaston, Upson Co., Nov. 4, 1967 286 pts.

The Georgia Sportsmen 's Federati on and Georgia Game and Fish Magazine are co-sponsoring a big deer contest, complete with a prize of a high powered rifle each to the hunters who take the heaviest deer and the deer with the largest rack during the current deer season.
In addition, master h~nter's award certificates wi II be presented to hunters who ba g a buck weighing more than 200 pounds freld dressed, or who bag a buck that scores more than 150 points on the Boone and Crockett Club system of measurement. Certificates will be awarded to any hunter who has made an authenticated big buck kill during any previous hunting season, but only animals bagged during the current hunting season are eligible for the contest prizes.
RULES: The following rules apply to bot h the weight and the antler division contests. 1. Any hunter is el_igible regardless of whethe~ or not he is a member of an affiliated club of the Georgia Sportsmen 's Federa-
tion or a subscnber to Georg1a Game and F1sh Magaz1ne. Hunters need not be residents of the State of Georgia to enter but only deer taken in the State of Georgia by legal means an d in conformity with all state and federal game laws and regulations may be entered.
2. Only_deer killed during the current ,season will be considered for the contest pr izes, but hunters may submit kills from any prev1ous season for a master hunters certlf1cate by complet mg the appl1cat1on form or a facs imi le.
3. Deer killed with a bow and arrow are also eligible, provided they meet minimum requirements. Ind ica te on the affidavit t hat archery equipment was used, rather than a rifle or shotgun.
4. PHOTOGRAPH : A clear photograph is desirable if it's one that can be kept by Georgia Game and Fish Magazine. Please do NOT send a photograph that you want returned. All photographs and entry forms become the property of Georgia Game and Fish Magazine. Please identify all pictures submitted with your name written on the back.
5. The Georgia .Sportsmen's Federation and Georgia Gart:~e and Fish Magazine reserye the right to re-measure any trophy ra ck entered, _to 1nterv1ew w1tness of we1ghmgs, to exam me scales used for we1gh1ng deer, and to refuse any questiona ble appl1cat10n.
6. Before the affidavit can be accepted, the truth of the statemen ts mu st be attested before a qualified officer such as a notary public, justice of the peace, sheriff, muni cipal clerk, postmaster, member of a state or local law enforcement agency, wildl ife ranger, etc.
7. There is no entry fee for the contest.
8. Address all correspondence regarding these awards to: Big Dee r Contest, Georgia Game and Fish Magaz ine, 401 State Cap itol, At lanta, Georgia, 30334.
RULES FOR WEIGHING DEER: 1. All we ights entered wil l be for field dressed deer. For purpose of this contest, field dressed deer will be defined as an imals
wh ich have had all of the organs in their chest and intestinal cavi t ies removed, including heart, lungs, liver, stomach, and intestines. The head and legs of the animal should still be j oined to the body. If the body is further dismembered, only the we ight of the rema ining attached port ions will be considered .
2. Two competent witnesses to all weighings must sign the affidavit in the presence of the certifying off icer l isted in rule number five above.
3. Deer must be weighed on either a hanging ba lancing scale or a platform scale, rather than a spring-type scale. If no scales are locally available, take your deer to the nearest meat market, processing pla nt, Game and Fish Commission office, or official Big Deer Contest Weighing Station.
4. Deer entered in the weight division need not have the ir anti ers measured under the Boone and Croc kett Club system.
RULES FOR MEASURING DEER RACKS: 1. Spl it or repaired skulls will not be accepted. 2. Antlers may not show removed or repaired points. Bucks entered as trophy racks need not be weighed. 3. Instructions for measuring racks are as follows under the internat ionally recognized Boone & Crockett Club system: All measurements must be made with a fle xi ble steel tape tot he nearest one-e ighth of an inch. Whereve r it is necessary t o change direction of measurement, mark a control point and swing tape at this poi nt. To simplify addi.t ion, please enter fractional figures in eighths. Official measurements cannot be taken for at least s1xty days after the an1mal was k1lled. Please subm it photographs. Supplementary Data measurements indicate conformation oft he trophy, and none of the figures in Lines A, B and .car~ to be included in the score. Evaluation of conformation is a matter of personal preference. Exce llent, but nontyp1cal Wh1teta 1l Deer Heads with many points shall be placed and judged in a separate class. To win, nontypical racks must have more than 25 points more than the highest typical racK .
A. Number of Po ints on each Antler. To be counted a point, a projection must be at least one inch long AND its length must exceed the length of its base. All points are measured from t ip of poi nt to nearest edge of beam as illustrated. Beam t ip is counted as a point but not measured as a point.
B. Tip to Tip Spread measured between tips of Main Beams. C. Greatest Spread measured between perpendiculars at right angles to the center line of the skull at widest part whether across ma in beams or points. D. Inside Spread of Main Beams measured at right angles to the center line of the skull at widest poi nt between main beams. Enter this measurement aga in in " Spread Cred it" column if it is less than or eq ual to the length of longer antler.
E. Total of Lengths of all Abnormal Points. Abnormal po ints are generally considered to be those nontypical in shape or location. F. Length of Main Beam measured from lowest outside edge of burr over outer curve to the most distant point of what is, or appears to be, the ma in beam. The point of beginning is that p oi nt on the burr where the center line along the outer curve of the beam intersects the burr.
G-1-2-3-4-5-6-7. Length of Normal Points. Normal points project from ma in beam. Th ey are measured from nearest edge of ma in beam over outer curve to tip. To determine nearest edge (top edge) of beam, lay the tape along the outer curve of the beam so that the top edge of the tape coincides with the top edge of the beam on both sides of the point. Draw line along top edge of tape. This line will be base line from which point is measured.
H-1-2-3-4. CircumferenceS-If first point is miss ing, Take H-1 and H-2 at smallest place between burr and second point.
..,

1G-1~/ G-3r G-]~U.Gf75 ~;6 ~-7 ' : /.UL .,

H-4 \~\u r\_ l\.-. - - - - F

H-3

,/

,!1' H-2- ,'

E

\

I

' ~ G-1

~< H-1 "'/n

.\ .
~

DETAIL OF POINT MEASUREMENT

~

A. Number of Points on Each Antler

Supplemen-

Itary Data

R.

L.

Column 1
Spread Credit

Column 2
Right Antler

Column 3
Left Antler

Column 4 Difference

-~CB.~ . GTirpe~ atote~ sTtipS~ pSrper~ aedad--------------+-------+-------r------1-------+------~

D. Inside Spread

Spread credit may equal but not

---~oIf~ f IMnsA~ idINe~ BSEp~ rAeMadS~ of~ Ma~ inexB~ ceeaemd~ slee~ nxgcteh~ edosf~ lloonn~ ggeerr~a~nt-le-r ---+--------r-------~-------4--------4

-~E~ . Ta~ onttal~ el ro~ lfeLn~ egnthg~ ,the~ sntoe~ fr ad~ lilffAe~bren~ nocrme~al-P- oin- ts ----------+------~~------4--------+------~

F. Length of Main Beam

-~GG~ --12..~LLee~ nngg~ tthh oo~ ff FS~ iersc~ ot nPd~ o iPn~ ot,inif~ t pr~ ese- nt -----------~r---------~--------+---------+------~

G-3. Length of Third Point

G-4. Length of Fourth Po int, if present

G-5. Length of Fifth Point, if present

G-6. Length of Si xth Point, if present

G-7. Length of Seventh Po int, if present

Circumference at Smallest Place H-1. Between Burr and First Point

Circumference at Smallest Place H-2. Between First and Second Points

Circumference at Smallest Place H-3. Between Scond and Th ird Points

Circumference at Smallest Place between Third and Fourth Points or half way between Third Point and H-4. Beam Tip if Fourth Point is missing

TOTALS

Column 1

Remarks : (Mention any abnormalities)

ADD

Column 2

Column 3

Total

SUBTRACT Column 4

FINAL SCORE

PRINT OR TYPE All INFORMATION

Please enter my deer in the (Check one or both)
0 We ight Division 0 Antler Division

When Ki lled

What County in Ga. _ _ _ __ _

Month Day Year

If ki l led on a publ ic hunting area, give name~--------

Number of Points over one inch long,_ _ __ _ __ __ _

Total number of points if measured under Boone and Crockett

instructions above~----------------Field Dressed Wt. (See rules)____Live Wt., if known____ If not weighted, give estimated field dressed weight (Antler Div ision Only),_ __ __ Type of Scales_ __ _ _ _ __ Location,_ _ _ __ _

Rifle or Shotgun Used (Make)

Caliber or Gauge_ _

Number of Shots_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Range_ _ _ _ _ __

Make, wt., and type of bulle .____ __ _ Sights,_ __ __

Reaction of animal_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __

Home Address._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Home Tel. No~---(Street)

Town

State

Zip

Off. Tel. No~-----Hunting License No_ _ _ _ __

We, the undersigned, witnessed the weighing and / or measuring of the deer described above and verified the weight and/ or measurements given.
1. Signature
Address
2. Signature
Address Sworn to and ascribed before me this___day of--~--. 19_ , _ _____ ____________________(litlel --,---.,::-----::--(Signature of a qualified officer--See Rule 5, Notaries please Seall

Bullet performance~---------------- Mail all entries and photographs to Big Deer Contest, 401 State Hunter's Name_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ Capitol, Atlanta, Ga. 30334.

Coyotes illegally stocked in Georgia have now spread into more than 20 counties of central Georgia . Rabbits, rats, and mice are the chief prey of coyotes, but they aren't above eating chickens, pigs, calves, or fawns .
COYOTE CULPRITS
By Dean Wohlgemuth

In the headlights of my car, the gray for m flitted out of the shadow , crossed the road and dashed through an open gate into a field.
Just a youngster in m y late teens and eager for excitement in nearly any fo rm , I slammed on the brakes, whipped the car through the gate, gunned the motor, and gave chase.
Surprisingly, I kept the car on the trail of the coyote longer than I should have. The field was small and fe nced with hogwire. Each time the coyote hit the wire, he'd bounce back and have to run parallel to the wire once more. Finally he found a hole, and a chase of perhaps ten minutes was over.
Traction hadn't been the best in the world for my car, but the old bus had responded valiantly to my urging, and the speedometer needle rocked at 45 and 50 miles per hour. Slippage of the wheel probabl y made the speedometer register somewhat higher than actual speed .. . nonetheless the coyote gained ground on me.
On occasion, I hunted coyotes more traditionally in my native Kansas, a tate where this predator animal is so common he's a genuine nui sance. Hunt-

ing there takes one major form, with perhaps only one real alternate. Hunters with coyote hounds loaded into dog trailers, travel the open spaces at night, shin ing spotlights around in hopes of locating the quarr y. Once spotted, the dogs are released , and cars give chase. either on roads or through field . Sometimes shortwave radios are emplo yed to help follow the dogs in races that may last a great many miles and severa l hours. More often than not, howeve r, the coyote is the winner. And even though there i an ab undance of coyotes in that country, yo u certainly can't count on spotting one on each outing.
Another variation in hunting is that hunters go in day time rather than night, with at leas t one small airplane fl ying low, to spot the coyotes. The pilot radios to hunter on the ground, who drive to the area and release the dogs. Then the plane holds as close a it can to the area, tryi ng to keep an eye on the coyote. Some airplane hunters have shotguns mounted in the aircraft and shoot coyotes from the air.
Yet, the onl y effective means of killing coyotes in the We tern plains still seems to be the cyanide boobytrap gas

gun, which can be dangerous to other animals, and to persons.
This summer, I went coyote hunting again . But this hunt was completel y diffe rent. Fir t of all, the difference was in the country. Instead of wide open , fl at pl ain , I was hunting in heavil y wooded country. There was no use in emplo ying dogs, if I could have found dogs trained for that specialty . . . which I couldn't. Speedy dogs used in the prairies wouldn't have had a chance in timber. And slower trail dogs would have been left miles behind in no time.
Then how in the world could 1 hunt them? Frank Parrish, regional game manager for the Southern Region for the Game and Fish Commission, thought he had the answer.
So, equipped with cameras, shotguns loaded with buckshot, electric lanterns and a predator call, we went into the woods of the country around Fitzgerald, in the Ben Hill County Ocmulgee River bottoms.
Stops were made at perhaps a dozen places in the county where coyotes had been reported. The hunt lasted well into the night. Frank worked hard on the call , but not a single coyote, or even a

9

fox or raccoon did we see. What did all this prove? Well , ma ybe
that at least the coyote population in South Central Georgia is not so high that we were stampeded by them . Actually, the only thing proved was something that I learned long ago. A coyote is a loner. He's shy about letting his whereabouts be known. He's there, but your chances of seeing him are mighty sli m.
Yet, reports of seeing coyotes come in frequently to the Bowen Mill Office of the Game and Fish Commission at the Fish Hatchery near Fitzgerald. Farmers and wildlife rangers say they see them quite often.
An area of some 10 counties now have established populations of coyotes. These include Irwin, Tift, Turner, Crisp, Ben Hill, Wilcox and Coffee counties, with some in portions of Bleckley and Pulaski counties.
Also, coyotes are reportedly to be fou nd in middle Georgia, around Jasper, Monroe and Butts counties.
It's possible that many, many years ago, coyotes could have roamed Georgia. Buffaloes did . But in recent decades, the Mi sissippi River was considered a natural barrier to the coyote, keeping him west of that point, limited to the Western prairies.
However, coyotes have appeared in Georgia. Evidence points to a few fox hunters who sought a newer, more exciting animal for their dogs to chase. Numerous reports reached the Game and Fish Commission that groups of hunters were importing coyotes from the West. This is highl y illegal. Game management should be left in the trained, qualified hands of game biologi ts, rather th an assumed by ignorant individuals.
The coyote apparently made a very poor substitute for foxes , because fox hounds couldn't keep up with them, and the dogs couldn't trail the wily animals. As a result, coyotes established themselves well in Georgia.
Earliest reports of coyote stockings date back to the early 1940s, but apparently they were brought in on several other occasions, the most recent reports being within. the past couple of years or later.
Just what impact the coyote has in Georgia is indeed a difficult question to answer. Many theories could be ventured. Few can be well upported with facts.
On occasion, groups of livestock producers angrily blame the coyote for livestock kills. Perhaps these reports are true. However, it is extremely difficult to catch a coyote in the act, especially at close enough range to get a good look
at the critter. It is quite likely that some kills blamed on coyotes actually were

committed by wild or free running dogs ... and vice ver a. A person may have difficulty distinguishing a coyote from a dog, especially at the distances a coyote would likely be seen. And it is indeed rare to see a coyote in full daylight. He's a night hunter, and may move some at dusk or dawn, but usually keeps well out of sight in broad sunlight.
This trait, of course, makes it all the more possible that the coyote may be the culprit in some killings and never be detected.
A coyote's diet cannot principally be considered livestock. His chief foods are rabbits, field rats, birds , mice, and grasshoppers and, where available, prairie dogs. He is seldom if ever abundant where there is not also an abundance of rabbits or other small mammals.
That he sometimes kills small pigs, calves, and probably quite a few chickens, if he can get to them, is a known fact. In deer country, deer fall prey to this predator, especially the fawns.
The coyote is cunning, and is capable of killing cattle and large game animals. While not pack ani mals by and large, occasionally a pair of coyotes will team up on kills.
A favorite trick of Western coyotes is for a pair to approach a prairie dog town, making no effort to hide their presence. Once the coyotes are seen the

prairie dogs go into hiding, but soon curiosity overcomes them and they have to look to see if the coyotes are still around.
One coyote is still there, but the other has sneaked around to the other side of the colony. The remaining coyote, in plain sight and at a safe distance (for the prairie dogs) begins a series of tricks and amusements, chasing his tail) , rolling over on the ground, and generally keeping the dogs busy watching the entertainment. Meanwhile, the mate sneaks up behind the prairie dogs and snatches an easy meal .
But what real effect does the coyote have on livestock and game in Georgia? It's highly unlikel y that anyo ne can give an honest answer to this quest ion . You can't convict a killer on the lack of inthe-act eye witness evidence he'll leave. Probably he takes a certain toll , but how much is impossible to estimate.
Perhaps only time will tell. And if, in 20 or 30 years, perhaps more, perhaps less, if the coyote becomes so prominent as to be a real threat to stock and game, he may be so prevalent that there will be little that can be done to eliminate him . Trapping, bounties, poisons, shooting, and hunting have all failed in the West.
Chances are, that however he got here, the coyote has become a permanent resident of the Peach State, wanted or not.

Game and Fish Commission game biologist Charlie Marshall examines a coyote killed by a Walton county farmer protecting his chickens, about 30 miles east of Atlanta.

10

LOAD'EM FROM THE MUZZLE I
By Dean Wohlgemuth

shades of Dan'! Boone and Davy Crockett! So you've bought yourself a muzzle loader, and you're figuring on giving it a try on deer this year?
Well , if you don 't know where to begin with that long gun , it's high time you started learning a few things. And brother, you've got a few things to learn about those muzzle loaders. They're a good bit different from that nice, new automatic resting there on your gun rack.
Let's hope, first off, that when you plunked down that hard-earned green stuff for your fancy traditional piece, that it actually was a good rifle. If you're not a good enough judge of old style weapons to tell, take it to a pro, a muzzle-loading gunsmith with a good reputation. Jf there's doubt about the quality of your arm, have it rebuilt or chalk it up to experience and get a better one. And when you do, make sure that beautiful old piece is .40

caliber or larger for deer hunting. If it isn't, it's illegal for deer hunting in Georgia . Better yet, make it .45 caliber or larger, so there's less chance of getting a cripple.
One more tip along these lines ... remember when you shoot that it i a muzzle loader, shooting black powder only, and not as mighty as that new auto, lever, pump or bolt. Pick your shots carefully, not going for heavy muscle or bones, but go strictly for the vital spots where the ball can penetrate. You only have one shot, you know, and it must be good.
ow, lest we go too far in this article without giving proper credit where it's due, the words of wi dom herein are really not the brainchild of this author. They're the result of careful coaching under the watchful eye of a master in the art of making and shooting muzzle loaders, Jack Crockford , G ame and Fish Commission assistant director. G ame

Surrounded by black powder smoke, Bill Crockford holds a steady bead on his target. The flintlock, which Bill is shooting, pours out plenty of smoke from both ends.

PHOTOS BY TED BORG

1. Some of the necessary ingredients f or happy muzzle loading hunting: a hunter's bag, in wh ich will be stored such items as balls and patching, a tin of tall ow or sh ortening to grease the patches, ca ps if you 're using a caplock. On the thongs attached to the shoulder strap : a short-and-

2. Fill ing the brass powder measure, wh ich may be an empty cartridge case, is the first step. Pour powder from the horn into the measure, then from the measure into the barrel.

5. Hold the patch material with one hand, then trim it off at the muzzle with a sharp patch knife.

long starter, powder measures, and a load ing block. The loading block holds balls already wrapped in a greased patch, ready for starting down the barrel. If using a flintlock, you'll need a second powder horn for finer powder in the fl ashpan .

3. Place the ball on top of the strip of greased patch material on the muzzle. To grease the patch, run the end of the strip in the tallow or Crisco.

6. Now the long starter gets the ball far enough down the muzzle for the ramrod to take over.

4. Using the short starter, press the ball down just flush with the muzzle.

7. The ramrod, which attaches be low the barrel of the rifle, pushes the ba ll down to the powder. Jack Crockford's expression proves it takes firm pressure to seat the ball against the powder.

8. The cap is fitted into the nipple. Using a strip of leather to hold a supply of caps makes the job easier, particularly with cold fingers. Once on the nipple, the cap is seated firmly by pressure of the thumb on the hammer against the cap.
9. In priming the fl intlock, fine powder is poured from a separate horn into the flash pan and into the touch hold (vent).

he has felled with either a caplock or flintlock has graced more than one dinner table ... many more.
Loading the flintlock and caplock rifle has much in common. The difference, obviously, is that a cap is used to fire the charge in the caplock, whereas the flintlock uses a piece of flint striking a steel plate with the ensuing sparks igniting powder in the flashpan which in turn ignites the powder loaded inside the barrel.
Loading the powder and ball into both rifles is the same operation. We'll start first with the caplock, then later detail the difference as it applies to flintlock s.
Before seriously loading for actual hunting or firing. you'll need to go throu gh these preparatory steps. Wipe the barrel to clear out the oil , using a patch. Fire a cap or two, without powder in the barrel, holding the muzzle near a leaf or blade of grass. The puff of air should visibly move the grass indicating the barrel and nipple are open (The nippl e is the fitting over which the cap is pl aced , with a small hole which must be open to the inside of the barrel where the shot and charge will be. This tube is called the "drum. " )
Now, load a charge of powder with a patch above it, but without the bal l. Using a cap, fire off this charge. If it fires, you're ready to load for business. If not, usi ng fine powder such as 4fg, poke the powder into the nipple with a pick and try again. If that still doesn't clear it out, remove the nipple and pour the powder into the drum, replace the nipple and try again. This should solve your problem.
Making sure the nipple is properl y in place, you are now ready for business. Load immediately to prevent the black powder from attracting moisture. If you're not yet quite ready to shoot, particularly in wet weather, you should place a small strip of leather or rubber on the nipple, without a cap, and close the hammer on it to prevent moisture from entering.
To start actual loading, your first step is the powder. Use 2fg or 3fg black powder for hunting loads in rifles of .40 to .60 caliber. Never, absolutely never, use smokeless powder.
Don't be too stingy with powder. If in doubt, for hunting loads, use more powder. Don't load too light. T arget loads won't do. Minimum hunting loads should be 60 grains for .40 caliber, 70 grains for .45 caliber and 90 grains for .50 caliber. Three rules of thumb for proper loads are :
1. Cover the ball in the palm of your hand with powder.
2. Three grains weight of powder for each seven grains of ball weight.
3. One and a half times roe caliber for up to .40 caliber ( l lh times 40

equals 60 grains of powder) ; twice the caliber in grains of powder for over .40 caliber (if .50 caliber, two times 50 equals 100 grains of powder.)
Make sure, before starting, you have all the necessary ingredients. Beside havi ng powder, balls and caps, you need some patching material. Indian head cloth is one of the favored materials . It should be torn in strips a little more than an inch wide.
Tools you'll need include a short and long starter, which can be the same tool with a common knob. A shaft of four or five inches from the knob will serve as the long starter.
You should also have a powder measure, a powder horn, a shoe polish tin or small jar of tallow or solid shortening (to grease the patches), a sharp knife to trim the patches, and of course, the long ramrod, which should be a part of yo ur rifle.
As you progress, you'll want other accessories, some which can very well be made by yourself such as a loading block to hold balls and a small strip of leather punched with holes the size to securel y hold a few caps to facilitate reloading quickly.
To avoid trapping air in the barrel , place the lock at half cock. Pour a ch arge of powder into your brass powder measure (which can be an empty shell case), then pour the powder into the muzzle.
Make sure the small flat side of the ball is on top before starting it into the muzzle. Lay a greased patch on the muzzle and carefully center the ball and start it in the muzzle with the short starter. Trim the patch flu sh with the muzzle with a sharp patch knife. Then push the ball deeper using the long starter with one sharp blow with the heel of your hand. Don't peck at the long starter, to prevent deforming the ball , thus affecting accuracy.
Now, take the ramrod and push the ball onto the powder with a gentle push. Seat the ball against the powder with a firm but steady pressure, without pounding it.
Place the cap on the nipple. If you use the cap strip, yo u can put the cap on the nipple while it's still in the strip, then press it out directly onto the nipple. Close the hammer gently onto the cap, then press the cap on firmly by pressi ng your thumb on the hammer. Now you're ready to shoot!
There are three major ways a muzzle loader really can get in trouble without much effort: if he uses smokeless powder instead of black powder, if he smokes around black powder, or if he fails to get the ball deep enough into the barrel to seat it against the powder charge. A ball stuck midway down the barrel will probably ruin the rifle when shot out, not to mention the shooter.

To prevent getting a ball stuck halfway down , it pays to clean the r.ifle in the field between every few shots. If you notice you have difficulty in getting a ball down the barrel , clean the barrel before loading another round. To clean, simply use a patch and liquid household detergent, wipe dry, then oil the barrel thoroughl y with rust inhibiting oil.
With the flintlock, instead of using a cap, you pour 4fg black powder, kept in a separate powder horn , into the flash pan . When it ignites, it sets off the charge through the touch hole.
Before starting, wipe oil from the barrel , vent, pan , frizzle and flint. Pour a charge of powder into the barrel, prime it, and fire without a ball to burn the oil out of the barrel. A good way to keep the vent or touch hole clear is to keep a pipe cleaner in it until ready to prime.
Larger charges may be used in flintlocks, since some powder may be lost through the open vent.
Rainy days are not the days to use a flintlock. Since black powder residue attracts so much moisture, the powder in the flash pan may easily become wet, thus preventing firing. Even if it does fire, there may be a long time Jag before it actually sets off the ch arge.
Even in dry weather, there is a noticeable time Jag from the time the hammer falls, the priming powder ignites, then the main charge goes off. Therefore, it is necessary to be very careful to follow through on all shots. Keep those sights on game after pulling the trigger!
And be sure to use sharp, clean flints in order to produce good sparks.
When the shooting is over, clean your rifle thoroughl y to prevent corrosion. Black powder residue will rust a barrel badly. When through cleaning, oil the gun liberally, inside and out with rust inhibiting oil. Check it again in a day or two with a clean patch, and re-oil.
Good care of the gun and care in shooting should give years of pleasure, and open new avenues of old-time, traditional sport!
Larry Hunter of Hiram, Ga., bagged this nice four-pointer on the Warwoman Primitive Weapon s Hunt in the 1967 season with a Hopkins and Allen muzzle/oading buggy rifle. Three primitive weapons hunts will be held on State management areas this year: Warwoman, Oct. 14-19; Chickasawhatchee, Nov. 22-23; Piedmont Experiment Station, Dec. 16-21 .
,,

the outdoor world
Biological Survey Begins In Ogeechee River
Five white styrofoam floats, each supporting a subsurface basket of rocks, have been placed at strategic intervals on the Ogeechee River as part of a new phase in Georgia's expanding water quality surveillance program.
The floats, labeled "Pollution Detector- Georgia Water Quality Control Board", are built to collect various stream life organisms for subsequent biological laboratory analysis. Mayflies, stoneflies, crayfish , leeches, and other marcoinvertebrates attach to the rocks. Depending upon the presence or absence of certain species in a collection and the ratio dominance of one species to another, biologists can determine the relatively long-term quality of water in a stream.
According to J. Leonard Ledbetter, director of the Board's Water Quality Survey's Service, additional floats will eventually be situated on other major Georgia streams. Most of these devices will operate in conjunction with continuous and automatic monitoring stations which will collect other stream data-water temperature, water clarity, the degree of dissolved oxygen, etc.
"When we are able to correlate biological data with the automatically recorded measurements, we will have a total and continuous picture of stream quality in several major basins throughout the State," explained Ledbetter. "At present we often discover an adverse change in stream quality too long after the fact to prevent the damage. As biological sampling coupled with continuous chemical and physical measurement of stream water becomes more prevalent, we'll have the knowledge to deal with problem areas much more quickly."
"We realize that, at first, the styrofoam floats are going to be a curiosity. Fishermen along the Ogeechee River can help us get good samples if they refrain from lifting these floats out of the water. It takes about six weeks for a representative sample of organisms to collect. However, if a basket is lifted above the water level without appropriate safeguards, much of the sample will be lost. We feel that, realizing this, people will want to cooperate with the program by not tampering with the floats ."

Wild Dog Committee Named; Hearings Set
House Speaker George L. Smith has named seven members of the General Assembly to a special wild dog study committee.
The committee is authorized under the resolution setting it up to investigate damage done by wild or uncontrolled dogs to agriculture, wildlife, and public health, and to make a recommendation for correction of any problems found to the next session of the General Assembly in January.
The committee has already held two public hearings on the problem at the State Capitol in Atlanta and at Valdosta, and plans to hold a hearing at Ringgold on October 8, at 11 :00 a.m. in the Courthouse. A second Atlanta meeting will be held on a yet to be determined date.
Game and Fish Commission Director George T. Bagby has made the services of his Department fully available to the members of the Committee, and has urged sportsmen and other individuals and organizations concerned witt) the problem to express their views at the public hearings or by personal contact with the members of the committee through cards, letters, telephone calls, and personal visits.
''The problem of uncontrolled dogs slaughteri ng our wi ldli fe, especially deer, is the greatest threat to Georgia's hunting that we face today," Bagby said. ''These same dogs kill thousands of calves each year, and are a major public health threat."
The chairman of the committee is Rep. Howard H. Rainey, 201 8th St. S. , Cordele, Ga. 31015. Other members of the committee include Burton M. Wamble, Rt. 1, Box 119, Cairo, Ga. 31728; Kent Dickinson, Rt. 2, Douglasville, Ga. 30134; Henry L. Reaves, Rt. 2, Quitman, Ga. 31643; Richard M. Scarlett, P. 0. Box 190, Brunswick, Ga. 31522; Dewey D. Rush, Rt. 4, Box 262, Glennville, Ga. 30427; and Jack W. Shuman, Rt. 1, Pembroke, Ga. 3132L.
Letters to committee members should be courteous, to the point, and brief.

:u Sportsmen~
Speak...
Gun Laws
It is misleading and irresponsible to say that gun legislation will interfere with the rights of hunters.
We lived in New York State for some time. New York has rigid gun control. Every autumn when the pheasant season opened the countryside was deep in redcoated hunters. In fact there were so many hunters it wasn't safe to let the dog out because they shot at everything that moved, including each other. They enjoyed every minute of it. . . .
Until you have the facts, 1t IS Irresponsible to tell the Press that gun legislation will cripple the rights of hunters.
J. M. Maloney (No Address Given)
Mr. Maloney is as uninformed as he is closed -minded by leaving his return address off his letter so that it could not be answered personally. Before pointing to New York as an example of the desirabil ity of gun control, he should get his facts straight first. New York City enact_ed the stringent _Su_llivan Ia~ in 1911. Smce then, the cnmmal homicide rate there has increased from 3.0 to 9.2 in 1966, or more than 200 per cent. That criminals do not register their guns is shown by the documented fact from New York City police records that in 1966, no licensed firearm was used in the commission of any criminal homicide, aggravated assault, or robbery in New York City. Who is being irresponsible and misleading?
I have just received that August issue of Georgia Game and Fish and as usual enjoyed it very much. It is truly a great magazine.
There are a couple of things I would like to comment on in this issue.
First-The article by J. Hall on the Okefenokee was excellent. The swamp has always fascinated me. In reading this article I renewed an old acquaintance of several years ago. I had lost track of C. B. O'Neal since he moved to Quitman from Thomasville some 18-20 years ago.
Second-! was glad to see the article by Governor Maddox. This was the third time that I had seen it. It appeared In the Lawrenceville paper in Tom Kinney's column . I am glad to hear there are still people with enough courage to stand up for the rights of the people they represent. There should be more of them in high offices.
Before closing, I want you to know that the magazine Georgia Game and Fish goes to Vietnam and is read from cover to cover by many.
Thanks for a fine magazine.
Warren Stevens Lawrencevi lie, Georgia
Wild Dogs
My subscription to Georgia Game and Fish lapsed around the first of the year. When last I received it we were living in South Dakota. A check for $2.50 is enclosed . Please re-enter my subscription .

15

SPORTSMEN SPEAK/continued
I have noted with great interest the recent controversy over wild dogs in Georgia. As noted by you, many con-

RACCOON N. Ga. Season-Oct. 14, 1968 through Feb. 28, 1969. Bag Limit-One ( 1) per person per night.

Camping-The camping area will be open one day before and one day after each of the above dates. All State laws apply and there are addi-

servationists aiJ over America have been alarmed for years by this menace.
Before moving back to Georgia, in early summer, we looked at considerable
rural property around the area in which we finally bought. One man who has
cattle and sheep on 500 acres told me that dogs were harrassing his sheep and that "with a bottle of strychnine and two pounds of hamburger meat" he killed 13
in one weekend. On one of our first visits to the place
we eventually bought, three deer were
driven by us, followed by a pack of stray

SQUIRREL Season-Oct. 14, 1968 through Feb. 29, 1969. Bag Limit-10 Daily.
SEASONS NOW OPEN
MOUNTAIN TROUT Open Stream Season-April 1, 1968 through Oct. 15, 1968. Creel Limit-Eight trout of all species per day. Possession limit eight trout. Fishing Hours-30 minutes before sunrise

tional Federal Refuge regulations. Applications for hunts and regulations may be obtained by writing Refuge Manager, Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, Round Oak, Georgia 31080.
BLACKBEARD NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Archery hunt for deer; either sex; bag limit-2 deer: Oct. 23-26, 1968; Nov. 2730, 1968; Dec. 30, 1968-January 2, 1969. Archery hunt for turkey gobblers; bag limit

dogs,

to 30 minutes after sunset on all open trout -two per season: Same dates as deer hunt.

The proper results will not be accomplished by any kind of a law requiring
inoculation for rabies. Such a law would be commendable but can't and won't be enforced in rural areas where relief
is most needed. The kind of law needed is simplicity
itself. Just ~ive the landowner the un-

streams. SQUIRREL
Early Season-Aug. 15, 1968 through Sept. 7, 1968 in the following counties only : Dawson, Fannin, Gilmer, Habersham, Lumpkin, Murray, Rabun, Towns, Union, and White.

Raccoons may also be taken on the above hunt periods. Applications for the Oct. hunt must be made by Oct. 15, for the Nov. hunt by Nov. 20, and for the Dec. hunt by Dec. 23 . Write to the Refuge Manager, Savannah National Wildlife Refuge, Rt. I, Hardeeville, S. C.

questioned nght and duty to destroy any Bag Limit-10 Daily.

unwanted dog on his premises. Further

STATE MANAGED AREA HUNTS

make the landowner liable by law for any damage to person or property by a stray dog while on his premises.

SEASONS OPENING NEXT MONTH

JOHNS MOUNTAIN AREA

,,

DEER: (Archery) EITHER SEX. Open

Richard J. Weaver Athens, Georgia
Undersized Trout? On Page 16, The Sportsmen Speak, entitled Clark Hill by Mr. J. W. Smith, Augusta, Georgia; If you will note he has listed the sizes of fish that he caught. Well, this is all good, but if you will look

BEAR Season-November 4, 1968 through January 2, 1969 in Brantley, Charlton, Clinch, Echols, and Ware counties.
DEER Season-November 4 through November 12, 16, 23, 30, 1968 or January 2, 1969,

dates October 21 through October 26, 1968. Hunters may take one deer of either sex and small game as allowed by State regulations.
BLUE RIDGE AREA DEER: (Archery) EITHER SEX. Open dates October 14 through October 19,

over on the next page under the heading depending on area regulations. See map on 1968. Hunters may take one deer of either

of Lake Trout Fishing Regulations, Mr. Smith has reported catching an illegal size trout in Clark Hill. This letter is not
meant to criticize, but just to show the humor I got when I read the article.
I enjoy your magazine very much. Keep up the good work.

page 6 for county information. QUAIL
Season-November 18 , 1968 through March 1, 1969. Bag Limit-12 daily, possession limit, 36.
RABBITS

sex and small game as allowed by State regulations. SMALL GAME: Open dates October 1112, 25-26, 1968, December 6-7, 13-14, 1968. Hunters will be allowed to hunt grouse and squirrel.

Burt Winsett Dixie Plywood Company Box 709 Savannah, Georgia
We might point out that he didn't say how many of the fish he released. So we will presume that he released the trout!

N. Ga. Season-November 18 , 1968 through January 31, 1969. N. Ga. Bag Limit-5 daily. S. Ga. Season-November 18 , 1968 through February 28, 1969. S. Ga. Bag Limit-10 daily.

CHATTAHOOCHEE AREA SMALL GAME: Open dates October 1819, 25-26, 1968, and December 6-7, 13-14, 1968. Hunters will be allowed to hunt grouse, squirrel, and rabbits.
CHESTATEE AREA

TURKEY

SMALL GAME: Open dates October 11-

S. W. Ga. Season-November 18, 1968 12, 25-26, 1968. Hunters will be allowed

Sportsman's

through March 1, 1969 in Baker, Calhoun, to hunt grouse and squirrel. Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Grady, Miller, SPECIAL RACCOON HUNT: (.22 rim-

Mitchell, Seminole, and Thomas counties. fire rifles only). Open dates October 11-

Calendar

S. W. Ga. Bag Limit-Two (2) per sea- 12, 25-26, 1968. Hunters will be allowed

son.

to hunt raccoons with tree dogs.

SEASONS OPENING

THIS MONTH

1.

DEER

Archery Season-Oct. 1, 1968 through Oct.

26, 1968 in any county or a portion of a

county in all of Georgia except the south-

east which is open Oct. 1-0ct. 14, 1968.

Bag limit-One (1) buck and one ( 1)

doe or anterless deer.

Firearms-Oct. 15, 1968 through Jan. 2,

S. E. Ga. Season-November 2J, 1968 through December 7, 1968, in Camden County. S. E. Bag Limit-One ( 1) turkey gobbler.
PIEDMONT NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
Turkey-October 21 thru 26. Refuge permit required. Applications must be in Refuge office by 4:30 PM September 25 . Limit is one turkey of either sex.

LAKE BURTON AREA SMALL GAME: Open dates October 1819, 25-26, 1968, and December 6-7, 1314, 1968. Hunters will be allowed to hunt grouse and squirrel.
WARWOMAN AREA DEER: (Primitive Weapons) EITHER SEX. Open dates October 14-19, 1968. Hunters may take one deer of either sex, any number of wild hogs, and small game as allowed by State regulations.

1969 in southeast Georgia. See page 7. Deer-Archery-October 1 thru 13. No SMALL GAME: Open dates October 11-

Bag limit-Two bucks.

refuge permit required. Bag limit as per 12, 25-26, 1968, and December 6-7, 13-

RUFFED GROUSE

State regulations.

14, 1968. Hunters will be allowed to hunt

Season-Oct. 14, 1968 through Jan. 31 , Deer-Gun-Bucks only November 4 and grouse and squirrel.

1969.

5. Bag limit 2 deer. Either sex. November

LAKE RUSSELL AREA

Bag Limit-3 Daily, possession limit 6.

30. Bag limit 1 deer. Refuge permit re- DEER: (Archery) EITHER SEX. Open

OPOSSUM

quired. Applications must be in Refuge dates October 21 through October 26,

Season-Oct. 14, 1968 through Feb. 28, office by 4:30 PM October 3, 1968.

1968. Hunters may take one deer of either

1969. Bag Limit-None.

Scouting-Daylight hours September 21 sex and small game as allowed by State

and 22 and October 26 and 27.

regulations.

16

SPECIAL RACCOON HUNT: (.22 rimfire rifles only). Open dates October 1819, 1968, and 25-26, 1968. Hunters will be allowed to hunt raccoons with tree dogs. Dogs chasing deer will be barred from further hunting. Owners are responsible for their dogs and for any damage they may do to game other than raccoons.
CEDAR CREEK AREA SMALL GAME: Open dates October 16, 19, 23 and 26, 1968; December 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, and 21 , 1968; January 4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 1969. (Wednesdays & Saturdays) . Hunters will be allowed to hunt quail, squirrel, rabbits, doves and ducks.
CLARK HILL AREA DEER: (Archery) EITHER SEX. Open dates October 14 through October 19, !968. Hunters may take one deer of either sex and small game as allowed by State regulations.
OAKY WOODS AREA SMALL GAME: Small game hunting for doves only will be allowed on Wednesdays and Saturdays beginning September II through October 2, 1968. SMALL GAME: Small game hunting for quail, squirrel, and rabbits will be allowed on Wednesdays and Saturdays beginning October 16 through October 26, 1968; December 4 through December 21, 1968, and January I through February I, 1969.
SWALLOW CREEK AREA SMALL GAME: Open dates August 15 through September 7, 1968, Fridays, and Saturdays only for squirrels. October 1819; 25-26, December 6, 1968, through January 25, 1969, Fridays and Saturdays only. Hunters will be allowed to hunt grouse, squitrel and rabbits.
COLEMAN RIVER AREA SMALL GAME: Open dates August 15 through September 7, Fridays and Satur-

days for squirrel only. October 18-19 and 25-26, 1968, December 6, 1968, through January 25, 1969, Fridays and Saturdays only.
ALLATOONA AREA SMALL GAME: Hunters will be allowed to hunt any small game in season subject to State seasons, regulations, and bag limits.
LAKE SEMINOLE AREA SMALL GAME: Hunters will be allowed to hunt any small game in season subject to State regulations, seasons and bag limits. Camping will be permitted. No hunting will be allowed on the refuge area at any time.
CARROLL-DOUGLAS COUNTY AREA SMALL GAME: Hunters will be allowed to hunt any small game in season subject to State regulations, seasons, and bag limits.
COHUTIA AREA SMALL GAME: Hunters will be allowed to hunt any small game in season subject to State regulations, seasons, and bag limits.
For a complete copy of all management area hunt dates and directions, write to th e State Game and Fish Commission , 401 State Capital, A tl., Ga. 30334.
ALTAMAHA WATERFOWL AREA (DARIEN)
Hunters will be allowed to hunt any game in season as provided by State law and bag limits except on Butler Island during waterfowl season and the refuge portion of Butler and Champney Islands at all times. WATERFOWL: Hunting for waterfowl will be allowed on Butler Island during waterfowl season by permit only. Permits must be applied for by mail from October I through October 31, 1968. All letters of

application must specify the date requested with a second choice if desired in the event the first date is filled Applications will be accepted on a first come, first served basis and all applicants must enclose a fee of $5 per day per person in check or money order payable to the Georgia Game and Fish Commission. Applications should be addressed to P.O. Box 1097, Brunswick, Georgia.
Hunters whose app lications were accepted will be mailed their permits no later than November I0. All applications that could not be filled due to dates selected being filled will have their $5 refunded.
Assignments for blinds for each day's hunt will be made at the area headquarters the evening prior to each hunt. Each blind is assigned a number which is drawn at random and blinds assigned as the numbers are drawn and in the order in which applications were received and processed. Hunters will be assigned to the blind selected at the checking station the morning of the hunt. Hunters who have their permits do not have to come to the area until the morning of the hunt. All hunters should be at the checking station no later than 5 : 15A.M.
The Game and Fish Commission will furnish blinds, boats a nd decoys to accommodate 50 hunters per day and all hunters must hunt from blinds as assigned. Transportation will be furnished to the boats. Hunting hours will be from 30 minutes before sunrise (same as Federal Migratory Waterfowl Regulations) until 12 Noon. Hunts will be conducted on Tuesday and Saturday only during the open season. Hunters will be limited to not more than 25 shells to carry onto the area.
All hunters 16 years old or older will be required to have a Federal Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp in addition to a valid Georgia hunting license.

OCTOBER 1968
T I D E TABLE HIGH WATER LOW WATER

NOVEMBER 1968
HIGH WATER LOW WATER

Oav

A.M. HT. P.M . HT. A.M. P.M.

OCT.-NOV. 1968

Day

A.M. HT. P.M. HT. A.M. P.M.

1. Tues. 3:42 6.3 4:18 7.4 9:42 10:30

2. Wed . 4:36 6.7 5:18 7.6 10:48 11 :24

3. Thurs. 5:36 7.1 6:12 7.8 11 :42

4. Fri . 6:30 7.6 7:00 7.9 12:12 12:30

5. Sat. 7:12 7.9 7:36 7.9 1:00 1:18

6. Sun. 7:48 8.1 8:12 7.7 1:42 2:00

7. Mon . 8:24 8.1 8:42 7.4 2:18 2:42

8. Tues. 9:00 8.0 9:12 7.1 2:54 3:24

9. Wed . 9:30 7.9 9:48 6.8 3:30 4:00

c 10. Thurs . 10:06 7.6 10:18 6.4 4:06 4:36

11. Fri . 10:48 7.4 11 :00 6.1 4:42 5:18

12. Sat. 11 :30 7.2 11 :42 5.9 5:24 6:00

13. Sun.

12:18 7.0 6:12 6:54

14. Mon . 12:36 5.7 1:12 6.8 7:06 8:00

15. Tues . 1: 36 5.7 2:12 6.8 8:12 9:00

16 . Wed. 2:42 5.9 3:12 6.9 9:1 0 9:54

17 . Thurs. 3:48 6.3 4:12 7.2 10:12 10:42

18. Fri.

4:48 6.9 5:06 7.5 11 :06 11 :30

19. Sat. 5:36 7.5 5:54 7.8 11 :54

20 . Sun. 6:24 8.1 6:42 8.0 12:12 12:42

21. Mon . 7:06 8.6 7:24 8.1 12:54 1:30

22 . Tues. 7:54 8.9 8:06 8.1 1:42 2:18

23 . Wed . 8:36 9.0 8:54 7.8 2:24 3:12

24 . Thurs. 9:24 8.9 9:42 7.5 3:12 4:00

25 . Fri. 10:18 8.5 10:36 7.1 4:00 4:54

26 . Sat. 11 :18 8.1 11 :36 6.7 4:54 5:48

27 . Sun. . . . .

12:24 7.7 5:54 6:54

28 . Mon . 12:48 6.4 1:36 7.4 7:06 8:06

29 . Tues. 2:00 6.4 2:48 7.2 8:18 9:12

30. Wed . 3:12 6.5 3:54 7.1 9:30 10:06

31. Thurs . 4:18 6.9 4:54 7.2 10:30 11 :00

GEORGIA COASTAL WATERS
HOW TO USE THESE TABLES
The calculations are for the outer bar. Find the reading for the desired tide . In the table below find the number of minutes to add to correct for the place you are going to fish or swim . The outer bar calculation, plus this correct ion , gives the correct reading for the point desired.

Adjust For Daylight Saving Time By Adding One Hour

CORRECTION TABLE The times given are for Savannah River entrance (Tybee) .

Hrs. M in.

Savannah (High).

0 44

Savannah (Low).

" 57

Hilton Head . S. C...

0 10

Thunderbolt... .

0 20

Isle of Hope. . . .

0 40

Warsaw Sound. .... .

0 00

Ossabaw Sound... :.

0 05

Vernon View. . .

0 35

Coffee Bluff....

. .. 0 55

Ogeechee River Bridge.... . 3 50

St. Catherine Sound....... . 0 25

Sapelo Sound.

0 00

Brunswick Bar.

0 00

First Quarter
OCTOBER 6
NOVEMBER 5

Full Moon
14
13

Last Quarter
21
20

New Moon
28
26

1. Fri . 5:18 7.2 5:48 7.3 11 :24 11 :42

2. Sat. 6:06 7.6 6:30 7.3

12 :12

3. Sun. 6:42 7.9 7:06 7.2 12:24 12:54

4. Mon . 7:18 8.0 7:42 7.1 1:06 1:36

5. Tues . 7:54 8.0 8:12 6.9 1:42 2:18

6. Wed . 8:30 7.9 8:42 6.6 2:24 2:54

7. Thurs. 9:00 7.8 9:12 6.3 3:00 3:30

B. Fri. 9:36 7.6 9:48 6.1 3:36 4:12

9. Sat. 10 :12 7.3 10:30 5.9 4:12 4:48

10. Sun. 10:54 7.1 11:18 5.7 4:54 5:30

11. Mon . 11 :42 6.9

5:36 6:24

12. Tues . 12:06 5.7 12:36 6.8 6:30 7:12

13. Wed . 1:06 5.8 1:30 6.7 7:36 8:12

14. Thurs. 2:06 6.1 2:30 6.8 8:36 9:06

15 . Fri.

3:06 6.5 3:24 6.9 9:36 10:00

16. Sat. 4:06 7.0 4:24 7.1 10 :30 10:48

17 . Sun. 5:00 7.6 5:18 7.3 11 :24 11 :36

18. Mon . 5:54 8.2 6:12 7.5 . .. . 12:18

19. Tues. 6:42 8.7 7:00 7.6 12:24 1:12

20 . Wed. 7:36 8.9 7:48 7.6 1:12 2:00

21. Thurs. 8:24 8.9 8:36 7.4 2:06 2:54

22. Fri.

9:18 8.7 9:30 7.1 3:00 3:48

23. Sat. 10:12 8.3 10:30 6.8 3:54 4:42

24 . Sun. 11 :12 7.9 11 :30 6.6 4:48 5:30
25. Mon . . .. . . . 12:12 7.5 5:48 6:36

26 . Tues. 12:36 6.4 1:18 7.1 6:48 7:42

27 . Wed . 1:42 6.4 2:18 6.8 8:00 8:42

28 . Thurs. 2:48 6.5 3:18 6.6 9:06 9:36

29 . Fri . 3:48 6.7 4:18 6.5 10:06 10:24

30 . Sat. 4:42 6.9 5:12 6.4 10:54 11 :12

To report violations or if you need assistance in the Coastal Area-Call-State Game & Fish Commission , Brunswick , Georgia ,

P. 0 . Box 1097, Phone 265-1552, Savannah 233-2383, Richmond Hill 756-3679.