Forestry-geological review [Mar. 1936]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 6

ATLANTA, GA., MARCH, 1936

No.3

TEACHING FORESTRY IN VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS OF GREAT VALUE

JOINT EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM OF FOREST SERVICE AND RURAL HIGH SCHOOLS APPROVED BY STATE
EDUCATIONAL LEADERS

(By M. D. "Collins)

NEWLY APPOINTED STATE

I am indeed glad that today in 199 of

FORESTER ASSUMES DUTIES

our schools where vocational agriculture is being taught, acco.rding to national leaders, we have the most unique and practical method of teaching forestry now in operation in the United States. This program of forestry education is being carried on by the Georgia Forest Service and the Division of Vocational Education of the State Department of Education. It is my understanding that Georgia was the first state in the Union to launch such a program. Since the program was started eight years ago, the Georgia plan, or one similar to it, has been developed in several other states.
Each year 'Of the past eight, from four

Elmer E. Dyal, of Woodbine, Ga., was appointed state forester by the Commission of Forestry and Geological Development at a special called meeting on February 13. Mr. Dyal succeeds B. M. Lufburrow, who had been state f'Orester for the past ten years.
Mr. Dyal has been superintendent of a Civilian Conservation Corps camp at Woodbine, Camden county, for the past three years, since this work was first established. He has had approximately ten years experience in forestry, lumber and naval stores work, and is well qualified to fill the position.

to seven thousand farm boys have been

given practical training by vocational agri-

cultural teachers in such jobs as construct-

ing firebreaks, estimating standing timber,

identifying trees, caring for seed beds,

gathering h'ee seed, setting out trees, etc.

The boys who study these jobs have pro-

jects at their homes where they actually

put into operation the things they learn

at school.

Each sch'Ool has a tract of land of ten

acres or more that is either owned by of

leased to the school where correct forestry

practices are carried out. The boys who

study forestry in the schools receive ac-

tual practice in constructing firebreaks,

cutting out undesirable trees, setting out

trees, etc., on the school project. Manage-

ment plans for the school forests are work-

ed out by the district foresters of the state.

In order to encourage interest on the

Part of the boys studying forestry, the

Georgia Forest ;Service provides a scholar-

ship for one boy from each school in the
tate where agriculture is taught to attend ~he vocational forestry school camp, which
18 held annually. The scho'larships are

ELMER E. DYAL

(Continued on Page 2)

State Forester
A I

GEORGIA'S FOREST WEALTH
Georgia, with 23,750,000 acres of potential forest land within her borders, holds fir st place among the states of the Union in forest acreage. This vast acreage represents 63 per cent of the total land area. Forest products rank second as the somce of revenue, being only exceeded by agricultural products.
Within her borders 163 species of trees are to be found. No other state has a wider botannical range of plant life, and only Florida has a greater number of tree species.
The forests have been Georgia's greatest NATURAL source of income, and promises to hold this position. According to the last government census on turpentine and rosin, Georgia leads all other states in naval stores products. In 1933 there were 449 naval stores operators, employing 13,251 persons, with a total of $2,684,000 paid in wages. In 1934 Georgia ranked fourth in the number of active lumber mills in operation, sawing a total of 476,221,000 board feet of lumber; only nine other states sawed a greater number of board feet of lumber in 1934.
In 1934 Georgia's lumber, laths and shingles cut amounted to 473,167,000 'board feet, produced from the following species: cedar 281,000; cypress 7,400,000; yellow pine 412,737,000; ash 5,643,000; chestnut 56,000; cottonwood 2,665,000; elm 370,000; magnolia 336,000; maple 450,000; oak 10,613,000; red gum 15,520,000; tupelo 5,484,000; yellow popular 10,913,000; all others 699,000.
A total of 3,905,000 laths were cut during 1934 and 1,087,000 squares of shingles. There were 210 lumber and timber products establishments whose output was valued at $6,950,000, with an added value by manufacturing of $4,293,000; also 53 planing mills whose output was valued at $~,548, 000 with an increased value by manufacturing of $961,000.
During the same year the value of turpentine and rosin was $8,617,000, being increased in value by manufacturng by $5,178,000. Wood preserving was also an important business, bringing to Georgia an income of approximately $1,625,000, increased by manufacturing by $533,000.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAl REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta CLAUDE E. BOGGS, EDITOR

FORESTRY IN AGRI. SCHOOLS
(Continued from Page 1) awarded to the boys who make the best grades on a written examination and who do the most outstanding work on their home projects.

Forestry Division

Jack Thurmond, Acting State Forester

Claude E. Boggs, Educational Mgr. Atlanta

T. P. Hursey, Dist. Forester______

Rome

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester_____ Gainesville

S. L. McCrary, Dist. Forester,_______ Augusta

W. G. Wallace, District Forester..Savannah

R. D. Franklin, Dist. Forester______Waycross

H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester.___Albany

Mrs. N. N. Edwards, BookkeeperTreasurer ___________________________________Atlanta

Miss Hazel E. Nicholas, Clerk __Atlanta

We are indeed glad that Georgia has pointed the way in this splendid forestry educational program and I hope that the day will soon come when we will have such a program of forestry education in each of the 1,500 schools serving rural boys.
I have been told by persons in a position to know that the forest products marketed in Georgia amount to approximately $125,000,000 annually, and rank next to the agricultural crops in total value for

Geological Division R. W. Smith, State Geologist and
Secretary to Commission____________Atlanta
G. W. Crickmay, Asst. State Geologist, _________________________ A t l a n t a

the state. I have also been informed that trees grow faster in Georgia and the south than in any other section of the nation. Through authorities, I have learned that

Lane Mitchell, Asst. State Geol.___Atlanta the forest losses, as a result of fires and Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk____________Atlanta other wasteful practices, amount annually

Any information appearing in this publication may be used at any time provided proper credit is given.-The Editor.

to approximately $7,500,000 in Georgia. If the above statements are true, and
I have every reason to believe they are, then Georgia, where trees grow so rapidly,

CHIEF FORESTER REVIEWS

has great potential possibilities in improv-

SIXTY YEARS OF

ing and developing the forest areas.

GOVERNMENT FORESTRY I have been asked this question, "What
part should education play in the program

The United States Forest Service cele- of developing our forest resources and im-

brated its thirty-first birthday February proving our present practices?" In re-

1. Commenting on this, F. A. Silcox, Chief ply, I would say that, generally speaking,

of the Forest Service, pointed out that 1936 the progress and development of any in-

is also the sixtieth anniversary of the Gov- dustry depends largely upon the people who

ernment's first step in forestry.

go into it and the sort of training they

"I am sure," Mr. Silcox said, ''that we have. If, through an educational program,

may consider this birthday anniversary of we can bring about a consciousness on the

the Forest Service one of the important part of the people that we have great po-

milestones in the development of American tential possibilities in developing our forforestry. Through the past year's mani- est areas and a desire on their part to pro-

festation of the capacity of the forests for teet their forests from fires and other absorbing labor on productive and non- wasteful practices, we will not have to

competitive projects, we are materially worry about the future of forestry in Georhelped along our way toward that time gia.

when the forests, managed for continuous It is rather difficult to say just what

yield of their resources, can be counted part the public schools should play in such upon to protect and sustain their share of an educational program. At the present

the economic and social life and the hap time I doubt if a very large per cent of

piness of millions of Americans.

our teachers are prepared to teach many

"America is a forest nation," the Chief of the technical problems involved in good Forester declared. "The first emblem forestry methods. Many could, however,

chosen by our Nation's forefathers was the give general information regarding our

Pine Tree flag. Our forest resources con- forest resources and the destruction caused

tributed in large measure to the upbuilding by fire. of the country. The story of our progress The first step in any educational pro-

is inseparably linked with our forests.

gram carried on in connection with public

"But we have been prodigal with our schools is that of training teachers for the

forest wealth. We are living in a period special information to be given. A large

when conservation of our forest resources army of teachers might be given general

is regarded as a principle-more than a and practical training in forestry in a very

function-of government. Between 1936 short time if the heads of the various

and 1876, which date marked the definite Teacher Training Institutions were conentry of the government into the field of vinced that such a program is greatly

forest conservation, lies a dramatic story needed in the state. I am suggesting this

dealing with men who labored for the pres- idea with the thought that those interest-

ervation of one of our basic resources of ed in the development of our forestry re-

national security."-News Release, U. S. sources, and who are more familiar with

Department of Agriculture, Washington, the problems pertaining thereto, might give

D. C.

more consideration to this matter.

WHO BURNS THE WOODS?

In an effort to fix the responsibility for forest fires-not on the individual-but on the class of individuals responsible for much of the avoidable woods burning-the following figures assigning causes of forest fires

have been compiled by the statistical division of the U. S. Forest Service:

Causes of Fires Incendiary Smokers Debris Burning Unknown _____
Miscellaneous Campers Railroads Lumbering ---Lightning ---"

No. in 1934 _________ 12,439
4,099 3,436 3,146 2,285 1,393
798 493 219

Percent 44.0 14.5 12.0 11.0 8.0 5.0 3.0 1.7 .8

28,308

100.0

Considering the money value only of the

forests, the loss is appalling, especially

when we note that the above figures do not

mean the number of acres burned over, nor

the number of trees destroyed, but the

number of fires which occurred over a given

area, each fire destroying many acres of

trees.

If the above figures represented the number of trees destroyed, and each tree was worth $1.00, it would mean a loss of $28,308; but if 100 trees only were destroyed in each fire, at a value of $1.00 per tree, the loss would be in round figures $2,830,800.

Looking casually at the causes of forest fires, out of the nine causes listed, five of them could be avoided by using caution. This includes those wilfully set, which heads the list. When trees are of so much value, and still the woods are burned, we wonder of what use is education. Smokers, debris burners, campers and sawmill operators by exercising care can bring down figures such as these to a minimum, and it is believed that with the need for preserving this valuable natural resource, more care will be exercised in future. There is no excuse for wilful burning, and the judges and juries of various states, particularly in Georgia, are giving heavy sentences to those convicted of setting fire to the woods.
Education of the people has shown that it is no longer necessary to burn the woods to destroy ticks, boll-weevils, etc.

The comparatively small number of fires caused by railroads and sawmills in the area covered by these figures ( 11 states) shows that precaution is being used bY these interests to prevent woods fires.

Individual responsibility for carefuiiY putting out all camp fires, brush burninl fires, and for seeing that cigarette ends and cigar ends are dead before being thrown into dry grass or trash, is urged on everY
citi11:en, esp~ially those who enjoy the
woods.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

FOREST CONSERVATION

I of their own where they practice the

FORESTRY S~OGANS

By TOMMY GINN, Royston, Ga.
Student of Bowman High School Wins Second Prize in GFA Contest
Like many other sections of Georgia, my locality has been stripped almost bare of

things they are taught in class. If we could get the public sufficiently in-
terested in this reforestation program, it might be possible in time to restore some of the wild life that once roamed our land. What could be more ideal than each farm with its own game preserve?
The real success or failure of reforesta-

The dictionary defines "slogan" as "the cry of a clan; a war cry; any rallying cry."
Forestry slogans, therefore, would be a war cry against the common enemy of the forest-fire-and a rallying cry of those who love the forest and are its defenders.

timber large enough to be of much use. It tion depends, I believe, more upon the in- W. R. Mattoon, Extension Forester for

makes me shudder to think of the condi- dividual's attitude than upon government the U. S. Forest Service, with headquar-

tions that will some day exist unless we action.

ters in Washington, D. C., has compiled

show more precaution in regard to what re-

a number of slogans, a few of which we

_mains of our woodlands. When we have confiscated all the wooded areas at our dis-

INCREASED REFOREST:ATION

list below. These slogans are used on placards which are scattered throughout

posal, floods, drouth and famine will fol-

the national forests and parks, for the ad-

low eventually.

The reforestation program of the federal monition of campers, smokers, and any who

As a nation we pride ourselves upon the government set a new record in 1935. No use fire in any way while going through

high standard of living we have developed in the last century, but unless we do some-

such gigantic program has ever before been attempted.

the forests. These forests and parks are for the pleasure of the public, and certain-

thing about this destruction of our forests, the wonderful inventions science has given

Beginning on government owned landsthe national forests-the program has cov-

ly the public should in turn assist in their protection.

us will be of no avail. The future of civil- ered the reforesting of approximately 244,- Some of these slogans are:

ization depends not so much upon science 000 acres, which was three times as much Prevent forest fires-It pays.

as upon the conditions of this globe on national forest land as was reforested in A tree will make a million matches; a

which we live.

1934. This work has been done to a very match may destrop a million trees.

Speaking of conditions, Elbert county has fared better than some of her neighbors during this ruthless destruction of our forests. Large sawmills have long since ripped up the virgin forests that once covered almost the entire southern part of the state.

great extent by the CCC camps and persons on the relief rolls.
The reforestation program in Georgia has taken on new impetus in 1935 and all the seedlings raised in the two state nurseries have been sold-in fact, the demand

Matches alone are not dangerous-it's the man.
Insure against fire, and banks will lend money on young, thrifty, growing pine trees.

The soil on some of these deforested areas exceeded the supply for some species. The Woods fires are man-made; therefore, can

being sandy, has suffered badly from ero- number produced in the nurseries operat- be prevented.

sion, whereas the extreme northern part ed by the Georgia Forest Service, one at Nature wants to work for you and yours,

of the state has retained most of its nat- Blairsville and one at Albany, was more and me and mine. Why not let her? PUT

ural covering. The land being rough, moun- than four times the amount produced in THAT MATCH OUT.

tainous and inaccessible has discouraged 1934. The following table gives the fig- FOREST FIRES DESTROY LUMBER,

lumbering and farming.

ures for both years:

INJURE LABOR, KILL INDUSTRY,

Like the danger signal given by the hu-

Grown in Grown in ROB THE COMMUNITY AND IN-

man body just before the striking of an Species

1934

1935 CREASE TAXES.

impending catastrophe, prevailing condi- Black walnut

___ 12,233

tions, it seems, have at last attracted attention to this folly of destruction with

Black locust ________

8,000

Loblolly pine ________________ 217,060

utter disregard to the future. Like human .ills, this impending shortage of natural re-

Longleaf pine __________ 43,910 Slash pine ____________________485, 750

23,000 17,600 906,000 597',000 1,566,900

Sowing matches, reaping ashes; don't make light of the match.
A cigarette may be down but not out. Save the forests.

sources can be prevented by prompt treat-ment. Not only can we prevent a very un-

Total ______________________766,953

The time to put a fire out is before you 3,110,500 drop the match.

desirable situation by a step in the right di- The Georgia Forest Service nurseries Cigfarettes awe irresponsible; don't let

rection, but by the same effort we can in- will produce considerably over 5,000,000 them go out alone. Use caution-it beats

crease our future income with very little seedlings of all kinds in 1936.

blazes.

difficulty.

A careless smoker is a fire provoker;

As you probably know, Dr. Chas. H. FORESTRY WORK HINDERED

park your sparks carefully and save the

Berty, through his experiments, has opened

BY RAIN AND SNOW forests.

up an unlimited future in the growth of

This is God's country; don't set it on fire

the slash and other pines in Georgia. The The recent freakish weather in Georgia and make it look like Hell.

areas of worn out soil that I see dedicated has slowed down State Forest and Park The man who burns his woods to get

to the! growth of young pines indicates the work to a great. extent. Much time has rid of the boll weevil might just as well

turning point in this waste of natural re- necessarily been lost in CCC camps on ac- burn his barn to get rid of rats.

sources. The Future Farmers of America chapter
at Bowman, Ga., has a. four acre plot of

count of swollen streams, blankets of snow and cold weather. These conditions prevailed mainly in the northern part of the

Fire burns the ground cover, the home of wild animals and birds.

two year old pines which are growing nice- state, while south Georgia suffered from Fire burns the food of animals and

ly. This plot located on one of the largest heavy rains.

birds. Animals and birds cannot survive

and reddest mounds of earth in Elbert Although such weather is an aid in the without food.

county, will have an excellent .chance to prevention of forest fires, the tendency of Shady roads! Fire kills roadside trees;

prove its value in the prevention of soil campers and others to build warming fires ride in the shade by keeping out fires.

erosion. This interest of the Bowman chap- and leave them unextinguished largely off- Hunters! Fires drive away the game. A

ter in forestry does not stop with a class sets any conditions favorable to fire pre- person who thinks won't burn the woods.

Project. Some of the boys have a project vention,

Good sense is worth more than books.

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

lings he thinks can be successfully planted primary firebreaks and constructing sec-

FIRST DISTRICT
T. P. Hursey, Dist. Forester, ROME

in his area next planUng season. It is the belief of the district forester
that a planting program sponsored by each school and cooperated in by the surround-

ondary firebreaks. Due to lack of T. P. 0. equipment, many
individual members have already maintained and constructed necessary firebreaks on

ing land owners, will greatly aid in the their own land. The new equipment will

Seven vocational agricultural schools in development of forestry education, as well be used for unfinished work remaining to

this district have been visited in the past. as timber growing.

date, and for all T. P. 0. work beginning

feW" weeks, with a view to checking on the The following teachers have agreed to in the late summer.

work they are doing in forestry. I find both promote the planting of areas near their Mr. James Fowler, together with the

teachers and students showing consider- schools next planting season:

Board of Directors, is to be congratulated

able interest in the forestry program, and believe as the spring opens up and more

H. L. Ariail, Grayson High, Ga., 5,000 seedlings.

Grayson,

on making this forward permanent step towards efficient fire protection. Mr. J. J

outside work can be done, renewed inter- W. C. Britt, Snellville High, Lawrence- Walker has been appointed T. P. 0. Mana

est will be manifested. Weather conditions, causing impassable

ville, 10,000 seedlings. J. H. Mitchell, Baldwin High, Baldwin,

ger to succeed Mr. R. P. Marsh who re cently resigned this position to accept a

roads in some sections, have prevented my 5,000 seedlings.

similar position in the Waycross District

visiting more schools.

W. L. Green, Eastanollee High, Eastanollee, 25,000 seedlings.

I have visited 25 grammar schools in Floyd, Chattooga, Walker, Dade, Catoosa, Whitfield, Gordon, Pickens and Cherokee counties, and find that they are teaching a simple forestry program in these schools,

T. S. Porter, Line No. 1 Consol., Martin, Ga,. 10,000 seedlings.
Other teachers will be visited soon, and their names and the number of seedlings to be planted will be given next month.

TWO OUTSTANDING VOCATIONAL LEADERS PASS
During the week of February 8-14 two of the nation's outstanding leaders for Voca

which will be developed on a larger scale

tiona! Education passed away. They were

when the pupils enter higher grades in these schools.

'SIXTH DISTRICT

Dr. H. 0. Sargent, Federal Agent for Agri cultural Education in Negro Schools, and

T. P. 0. Notes
Lookout Mountain TPO has dissolved as

W. G. Wallace, Dist. Forester, Savannah

R. D. Maltby, Southern Regional Agent for Agricultural Education.
According to statements from numerous

such, but the members have joined with

educators, the vocational forces have lost

Walker County TPO and Chattooga County

Coastal T. P. 0. Organized

two able and conscientious workers. Both

TPO respectively, and the actual fire pro-

had served in the Smith-Hughes work since

tection work will not suffer. Additional On February 6th a meeting was held its beginning in 1917. They were well

acreage will be reported as secured. Row- at New Southport in Mcintosh County for known and highly regarded by a host of

land Hemphill is the new secretary-mana- the purpose of organizing the Coastal T. friends throughout Georgia, most of whom

ger of Chattooga County T. P. 0.

P. 0. Charter membership consisted of are engaged in vocational work.

eight individual landowners listing a total

of 54,507 acres, the entire block being ex- Mr. Maltby had been in ill health since

SECOND DISTRICT
W. D. Young, Dist. Forester, Gainesville

ceptionally well blocked in. Officers and directors are as follows: Albert Ernest, President and Director C. C. Stebbins, Vice-President and Di-
rector. G. T. Wegner, Secty-Treas. and Director.

the early part of November. Dr. Sargent was seriously injured in an automobile accident while on official duty in the State of Louisiana. His death came a few days later after he had contracted pneumonia.

Educational work with vocational schools S. D. Nelson, Director

Mr. Maltby was Georgia's first State

has been carried on with considerable suc- C. C. Townsend, Director.

Supervisor for Vocational Agriculture. He

cess this winter. Many of the teachers are A full timeT. P. 0. Manager, Mr. Char- was very instrumental in organizing the

very interested in their forestry programs. lie Hooper, has been employed on a full Vocational Program in the state. In 1920

Due to bad weather for the last. two months, time basis. Under him are two patrolmen, he became Federal Agent for Agricultural

not all schools have been visited, but plans Mr. Robert Hobbs and Mr. George Nel- Education for the twelve Southern States

have been made to visit all schools in the son. Fire fighting equipment is being pur- which position he held until the time of

Gainesville district before March 15.

chased as recommended by the Georgia For- his death. Under Mr. Maltby's supervision

est Service.

the number of Vocational Agricultural De-

Vocational Teachers Initiate

It is expected that this will be a very partments in the high schools in the S'outh-

Planting Program

active organization. Present plans call for ern States has grown from a little more

An attempt has been made by t.he district intensive forest management as well as fire than 300 with an enrollment of 1500 pupils

forester to secure the aid of vocational control. It is hoped that the services 'Of the to 1837 schools with an enrollment of more

teachers in a planting program in the com- CCC may be secured sometime in the fu- than 140,000.

munity around each school, and this plan ture to assist the T. P. 0. in developing Dr. Sargent was reared near Russell-

is meeting with cooperation from the a fire protection system.

ville, Ala. He was placed in charge of the

teachers, and others. No. attempt is made

work in Agricultural Education for Ne-

by the district forester to promote the sale of seedlings, t.he idea being that farmers or land owners, through the aid of vocational

Oconee T. P. 0. Purchases Firebreak Equipment

groes in October, 1917. He was a graduate of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute at Auburn. He was regarded as probably the

teachers, may be able to secure seedlings At a recent meeting of the Oconee TPO most outstanding man in the United States

for planting purposes by growing them in Board of Directors, called by Mr. J. E. in his particular work. As a result of his

seed beds, by purchase, or by digging them Hall, Secty-Treas., contract was made for efforts, great improvements were made in

in the woods. Each vocational teacher vis- the early delivery of a Caterpillar Deisel giving practical training in the negro

ited is asked to estimate how many seed- tractor and plow, for maintaining ECW schools of the South.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

MYRON A VERY ADDRESSES although the trail is adequately maintained The first st age was characterized by the

GEORGIA APPALACHIAN

and 4 overnigh t cabins have been construct- formation of coarsely crystalline silicates.

TRAIL CLUB

ed, pictures of these improvements had not pyrrhotite. The third and final stage saw

Myron H. Avery, Washington, D. C. , sportsman and chairman of the Appalachian Trails Conference, gave an illustlated lecture before the Georgia Appalachian

been sent to Mr. Avery as he had requested.
Carter Whittaker, President of the Club, presided and he told of a new program of

the deposition of chlorite, galena, and gold . The best indicators of r ich shoots are galena, red garnet, and ankerite, but it is uncertain if this rule has general application.

Trail Club Friday night, February 21, trail maintenance for 1936 and promised A surficial oxidized zone as much as 80

1936.

Mr. Avery a better supply of pictures of feet deep con sists of quartz stringers in

Mr. Avery illustrated his talk with pic- the Georgia Trail.

saprolite. It is concluded that the gold in

tures of the Appalachian Trail from its

the upper part of the saprolite has been

start at Mount Katahdin in Maine to its southern terminus at M~m nt Oglethorpe in Georgia. He told of the different problems besetting the local clubs in each section in

THE BATTLE BRANCH GOLD MINE, AURARIA, GEORGIA

enriched mechanically but t he deeper gold ores are considered to be entirely hypogene and not enriched by downward-percolating water s. No definite statement. can yet be

Geological investigations of a strictly economic nature frequently lead to conclusions of more purely scientific character, particularly conclusions relating to the gen-

made as to possible ch ange in grade of ore with depth for the Battle Branch mine, only 130 feet deep , is the deepest accessible mine in the region.-G. W. C.

esis of ore deposits and to the principles of ore deposition. A correct understanding of these principles and the conditions which localize an ore shoot are, however, often of immense aid to successful development. In a recent paper on "The Battle Branch Gold

CONCENTRATION OF GEORGIA KYANITE ORE DESCRIBED AT
MINING ENGINEERS' MEETINGS

MYRON H. AVERY

Mine, Auraria, Georgia", C. F. Park, Jr., A paper on the concentration of Geor-

and R. A. Wilson give some of the results gia kyanite ore was presented at the annual

of an investigatjon of the Georgia gold de- New York meeting of the American Insti-

posits undertaken in 1933-1935 by the U. S. tute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers

Geological Survey under an allotment from on February 17th by R. G. O'Meara and

the Public Works Administration. The con- B. W. Gandrud of the Southern Experi-

clusions which these authors reach as to the ment Station, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Tu s-

origin and sequence of mineral deposition caloosa, Alabama. This paper gives the pre-

apply particularly to the Battle Branch liminary r esults of tests now in progress

mine in Lumpkin County, but the same gen - by the Bureau of Mines on samples of mas-

eral conditions prevail in many of the other sive kyanite and k yanite schist from Haber-

mines and prospects in the region. For this sham and Rabun counties, Georgia. By

r eason many operato.rs will find in this classification and table concentration of a

paper helpful information in answering schist ore containing nine per cent k yan-

that age-old question "Why is gold where it ite, 67 per cent of the mineral was recov-

is?" Copies of the paper, published in E co- ered a ssaying 90 per cent kyanite. Both

nomic Geology, vol. 31, pp. 73-92, may be ores and their table middlings are am en-

obtained from the State Geolog ist for the able to flotation and this process is neces-

cost of printing. (10 cents).

sary to raise the grade of concentrate

The Ba ttle Branch lodes consist of quartz above 9 5 per cent and to improve the restringers and lenses grouped in three zones covery.

th e maintenance of the trail and the pres- in a schistose phase of the Carolina gneiss, Richarq W . Smith, State Geologist of

ervation of its wilderness character . De- which is itself silicified and mineralized. Geo r gia, in discussing the paper at the

scribing the wildness of the Maine moun- The lodes are persistant with depth but meeting pointed out the need for further

tains he stated "Sometimes sudden bliz- pinch and swell abruptly. The pod-shaped research on both the beneficiation of kyan-

zards in mid- s~mmer catch the hiker un- ore shoots are localized by the intersection ite and its use in refractory and ceramic
I awares and make his return to civi!iza- of joint~ and fractures with the m.ain lode. bodies. Particular attention should be paid

tion extremely hazadous."

, Fractur~ng o~cu1:red befo.re, durmg, and to possible by-products from the kyanite

I The pictures of the splendid cabins and after mmerahzat10n. These fractures are schist, such a s flake mica for the artificial

accomodations maintained by the northern most abundant w?ere the r.ocks have been roofing trade, and garnet for abrasive u se . clubs for the travelers were very imp res- bent around ma.ssiv~ quartzite len ses. The Mr. Smith stated that one Southern r e-

sive. When Mr. Avery spoke of the in- general conclusiOn IS tha t the sharper the fractories manufacturer has experimented

crease d interest in skiing and stated that flexure the more numerous the fra ctures, on the u se of Georgia kyanite and has suc-

the sport was becoming popular as far and the more numerous the fractures the cessfully developed a high alumina refra c-

south as Washington, D. C., he expected to better the grade of ore.

tory body using about 50 per cent Georgia

surpri se his audience. The tables were The mineralogy of the deposit is unusual kyanite. The kyanite for this u se do es not

turned, however, when to his astonishment in that such minerals as garnet, cumming - n eed, to be particularly low in iron or free

pictures were shown of the Georgia club en- tonite, tourmaline, kyanite, chlor-apatite, silica and therefore would require less gaging in all the winter sports during the pyrrhotite, galena, and gold are intimately beneficiation.

r ecent cold spell. The lack of pictures of the 100 miles of
the trail in Georgia was a source of some embarrassment to the Georgia club, for

a ssociated. The deposit is clearly a hightemperature lode of hypogene (deposited by ascending hot solutions) origin. Three stages of mineralization are distinguished.

Copies of this paper may be obtained from the State Geologist for five cents in stamps.-R. W. S.

6

FORESTRY~GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

========================:====

FROTH FLOTATION OF BARITE At a meeting of the State Geologists'

CLAY

held in Washington, D. C., following the

Kaolin for filler or white ware use.

A. I. M. E. meeting, the subject of a per-

In 1934, crude barite was mined in Geor- manent plan of topographic mapping was Richmond County

gia, Missouri, California, Nevada, South discussed. Mr. Smith stated that the

Albion Kaolin Co.,

Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Geor- hoped-for program had not yet materializ-

W. E. Thatcher, Treas.,

gia has in the past been the leading pro- ed, although attempts are still being made

320 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

ducer in the United States and is now sec- bo secure funds for the purpose.

Mine at Hephzibah, Ga.

ond only to Missouri. The Georgia deposits occur only in the Cartersville district associated there with deposits of ochre and manganese. The total production of these

Lester B. Forbes addressed the Georgia Mineral Society at its February meeting on "The Story of Asbestos". Pictures and

Taylor County Carolina China Clay Co., Butler, Georgia

minerals from the district was nearly specimens were shown. Dr. A. C. Haw- Twiggs County

$500,000 in 1934. Georgia crude barite has kins was announced as the speaker for the

Moore & Munger

commandered a better average price than meeting on March 2. "Mineral Collecting"

33 Rector St., New York, N. Y.

barite from other states, but all domestic will be his subject.

Mine at Dry Branch, Ga.

barite must compete with imported barite which has the advantage of low delivery costs, and softness and purity of product. Imports of barite totalled $175,000 in 1934

H. S. Ladd, new geologist for this region of the State Park Division of the National Park Service, is planning to fur-

Georgia Kaolin Co., 433 N. Broad St., Elizabeth, N.T. Mine at Dry Branch, Ga.

or only 16o/o of total consumption. How- ther interest in geology and mineralogy

B. D. Tharpe

ever, domestic production could probably in Georgia State Parks. He plans a num-

Dry Branch, Ga.

be increased by introducing milling methods ber of markers at spots of unusual inter- Wilkinson County

which insured a product of standard purity. est.

P. W. Martin

With this end in mind, R. G. O'Meara and

Gordon Clays, Inc.,

G. D. Coe of the Southern Experiment. Sta-

Gordon, Georgi~

tion, U. S. Bureau of Mines, have made experiments on the "Froth Flotation of Southern Barite Ores", and presented their results before the New York meeting of the

GEORGIA MINERAL DIRECTORY 1935

Savannah Kaolin Co., 314 American Bldg., P. 0. Box 348, Savannah, Ga.

American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers Feb. 17, 1936. Flotation has long been successfully practiced in the separation of metallic ores and recently has been applied to the recovery of nonmetallic minerals. O'Meara and Coe used different types of reagents on various ores and found that flotation could be easily controlled and permitted considerable leeway in manipulation. The process is applicable particularly to those deposits which contain variable amounts of such impurities as iron, quartz, lime, and fluorite, for a uniform product can be assured. The successful application of the laboratory

BARITE Bartow County
Georgia Barium & Ochre Co., Frank D. Smith, Gen. Mgr., Formerly R. K. Miller Minerals Corp. Cartersville, Georgia
New Riverside Ocher Co., J. R. Dellinger, Sec. & G. M., Cartersville, Georgia
Paga Mining Co., H. W. Smith, Sec. & Treas., Cartersville, Georgia
BAUXITE

Mine at Gordon, Ga. Hatfield & Owens Gordon, Georgia Mine at Ivey, Ga.
Akron Pigment Co., Cartersville, Ga. Mine at Mcintyre, Ga.
Hall-Stevens Products Co., Inc., Mcintyre, Georgia
Edgar Bros. Co., H. T. Edgar, Treas., Station Place, Metuchen, N. J. Mine at Mcintyre, Ga.

tests to practice seems possible. If milling costs can be reduced flotation may well become the standard method for concentration of crude barite. Georgia ores are not favored, however, for the methods can be

Sumter County Benjamin Easterlin Americus, Georgia Mine at Andersonville, Ga.

H. A. Walden Mcintyre, Ga.
Walkers' Georgia Kaolin Mines Mcintyre, Georgia

applied to deposits in many states.-G. W.
c.

America! Cyanamid & Chemical Corp. New York, N. Y.

CLAY

Mine at Andersonville, Ga.

Kaolin for refractory use.

FROM A GEOLOGIST'S
NOTEBOOK
State Geologist, Richard W. Smith, attended the annual meeting of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers in New York, Feb. 16-20. At the meeting, Mr. Smith took part in the organization of the Industrial Minerals Section of the Institute. He also discussed a paper on "Concentration of Georgia Kyanite Ore" by R. G. O'Meara and B. W. Gandrud, a review of which is given in anQther section of this issue. A review of a paper on barite concentration, presented at the same meeting, is also given.

PORTLAND CEMENT
Houston County Pennsylvania-Dixie Cement Corp. James Building Chatt.anoga, Tenn. Quarry at Clinchfield, Ga.
Polk County Georgia Cement & Products Co., Ralph E. Nicholson, V. P., Martin Bldg. Birmingham, Ala. Quarry at Portland, Ga
Southern States Portland C. Co., B. Cowden, Sec., Rockmart, Georgia

Baldwin County General Refractories Co., 106 So. 16th St. Philadelphia, Pa. Mine at Stevens Pottery, Ga.
Glascock County Harbison-Walker Mining Co., Farmers Bank Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. Mine at Gibson, Ga.
Hancock County Dixie Fireproofing Co., W. P. Stevens, Pres., Macon, Georgia Mine at Carrs Station, Ga.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

Alwynne 0. Hutchings Carrs Station, Ga.
Oconee Clay Products Co., Milledgeville, Ga. Mine at Devereux, Ga.

Cherokee County *301 Mining Co., Dr. W. A. Selman, Pres., 157 Forrest Ave., N. E. Atlanta, Georgia Mine at Holly Springs, Ga.

Wilkinson County Gordon Kaolin Co., F. H. Opper, Pres., 314 American Bk. Bldg., Savannah, Georgia Mine at Gordon, Ga.
Harbison-Walker Mining Co., Farmers Bank Bldg. Birmingham, Ala. Mine at Gordon, Ga.
CLAY Miscellaneous clay.
Chattooga County William J. Seas, Tennessee Valley Mineral Co., R. F. D. No. 3, Summerville, Ga.
Floyd County Oconee Clay Products Co., Milledgeville, Georgia Mine at Rome, Georgia
Upson County W. A. Gilreath Thomaston, Ga.
COAL
Walker County Durham Land Co., Chattanooga, Tenn. Mine on Lookout Mountain
FULLER'S EARTH

Dawson County Saga Mining Co., S. P. Cronheim, Pres., 65 Forsyth St., N. W. Atlanta, Georgia Mine at Dawsonville, Ga. G. E. Russell, Mgr. 138 Marietta St., N. W. Atlanta, Georgia
Gwinnett County Sugar Hill Mine Mr. Dukes, Mgr. Flowery Branch, Ga. Mine near Buford
Lumpkin County Battle Branch Mine Southern Minerals Dev~lopment Co., R. A. Newton, Mgr., Box 116, Dahlonega, Ga. Mine at Auraria, Ga.
Barlow Mine Carey, Inc., Reg. A. Brett, Supt., Dahlonega, Ga.
Topabri Mine Bartlett F. Johnston, Mgr., Dahlonega, Georgia Mine at Auraria, Ga.
McDonald Mine Carl McDonald, Mgr., Dahlonega, Ga.

Decatur County Attapulgus Clay Co., 260 So. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. Mine at Attapulgus, Ga.
Twiggs County General Reduction Co., Inc., Macon, Georgia Mine at Dry Branch, Ga.
Wilkinson County Hall-St.evens Products Co., J. M. Hall, Pres., Mcintyre, Georgia Mine at Toomsboro, Ga.

Long Branch Mine Ranald Gold Mining Co., W. R. Shillington, Mgr., Dahlonega, Georgia
Bunker Hill Mine Robert H. Reid Dahlonega, Ga.
Whim Hill Mine Reliance Development Corp., P. G. Jacobson E. Samuelson F. Lindberg Auraria, Ga.

Thomas County Mineral Products Co., Hazen E. But;ler, Man., Ochlochnee, Georgia

Findley Ridge Mine Cornelius O'Kane, Owner New York, N. Y. Mine at Dahlonega, Ga.

GOLD

McDuffie County

Note: The following is a partial list of the

Fluker Mine

gold operations of Georgia in 1935. Com-

W. H. Fluker, Mgr.

plete information was not available. There

Thomson, Ga.

were doubtless other producers on a small

Mine 12 miles N. W. of Thomson

scale who did not report their workings to

this office. It is possible, also, that some Paulding County

larger development operations were inad-

Yorkville Mine

vertently omitted from mention. Those

J. S. Colbert, Mgr.,

mines marked with asterisk ceased opera-

Rt. 4, Dallas, Ga.

tion in 1935.

Mine at Yorkville, Ga.

Rabun County Stonecypher Mine F. M. Dancy, Mgr. Clarksville, Ga.
White County Loud Mine G. C. Dugas, Supt., Cleveland, Ga.
Franco-American Mine, Reg. A. Brett, Supt., Helen, Ga.
Reynold's Placer Mine Mr. Reynolds, Nacoochee, Ga.
Asbury Placer F. R. Switzer Cleveland, Ga.
Bean Creek Mine T. J. Stevenson Sautee, Ga.
Hudson Mine W. C. Hudson Helen, Ga. Mine near Nacoochee, Ga.
Dunbar Mine C. L. Dunbar Nacoochee, Ga.
H. L. Schwalbe 3211 Bull St., Savannah, Ga. Mine near Nacoochee, Ga.
Poland Mine C. 0. Poland Cleveland, Ga. Mine near Cll;!veland, Ga.
GRANITE Carroll County
W. N. Harris 163 Clifton St., N. E. .Atlanta, Georgia Quarry at Villa Rica, Ga.
DeKalb County Consolidated Qttarries Corp. G. A. Austin, Gen. Mgr. Bona Allen Bldg. Atlant.a, Georgia Quarry at Lithonia, Ga.
Davidson Granite Co., J. K. Davidson, Lithonia, Georgia
Pine Mountain Granite Co., 1219 Citizens & Southern Bank Bldg., Atlanta, Georgia
Quarry at Lithonia, Ga. Stone Mountain Crushed Stone Co., Stone Mountain, .Georgia Quarry at Lithonia, Ga.
Stone Mountain Granite Corp., * Stone Mountain, Georgia F. Weiblen, Pres., Quarries at Lithonia & Stone Mountain, Ga.

8
Wilson-Chapman Granite Co_, Box 114 Lithonia, Georgia
Ethel Granite Co., Stone Mountain, Ga. Elbert County T. T. Coogler Quarries Elberton, Georgia Empire Granite Co., Elberton, Georgia
Elberton Granite Industries Elberton, Georgia
Liberty Granite Co., Box 721 Elberton, Georgia
Mercer Granite Co., Elberton, Georgia
Allen Granite Co., American Granite Quarries Elberton, Ga.
Oglesby Granite Quarries, Inc., Elberton, Georgia
J. C. Wessemger, Jr. Southern Quarrying Co., Elberton, Georgia
Southeastern Granite Co., Elberton, Georgia Fannin County Fannin County, Highway Dept., Blue Ridge, Ga. Greene County Greensboro Granite Co., Greensboro, Georgia Gwinnett County Gwinnett County Highway Dept., Lawrenceville, Ga. Lumpkin County W. N. Harris 163 Clifton St., N. E. Atlanta, Ga. Mine at Dahlonega, Ga. Madison County Piedmont Granite Quarries, Inc. 876 Confederate Ave., S. E. Atlanta, Georgia Mine at Carlton, Ga. Madison County C. M. Lyle Construction Co., Jackson Bldg., Gainesville, Ga. Mine at Danielsville, Ga. Oglethorpe County Union Curb Co., Salisbury, N. C. Mine at Carlton, Ga. Warren County The Weston & Brooker Co., Columbia, S. C. Mine at W'arrenton, Ga.
IRON ORE Polk Coun.ty
Cedartown Iron Co., Anniston, Ala. Mine at Cedartown, Ga.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Bartow County

Southern Mining Co., Inc.

H. H. Quinn

P. 0. Box 523

Cartersville, Ga.

Cartersville, Ga.

KYANITE Habersham County
Georgia-Carolina Minerals Corp.

J. L. Parker Cartersville, Ga.

Philip S. Hoyt, Mgr., Franklin, N. C.

J. T. Thomason Chattanooga, Tenn.

Mine at Clarkesville, Ga.

Mine at Cartersville, Ga.

LIME Bartow County
Ladd Lime & Stone Co., Cartersville, Georgia
LIMESTONE Bartow County
Ladd Lime & Stone Co., Cartersville, Ga. Bleckley County Georgia Lime Rock Co.,

Manganese Corp. of America Bulliett Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Now called: White Manganese Corp., T. B. Holmes, Supt., White, Ga.
Homer H. Green Cartersville, Ga.

P. 0. Box 578 Ocala, Fla. Mine at Ainslie, Ga.

J. R. Leachman Cartersville, Ga.

Gilmer County

Frank D. Smith

Willingham-Little Stone Co.,

Cartersville, Ga.

301 Healey Bldg. Atlanta, Ga. S. J. Spiggle, Sec. Mine at Whitestone, Ga. Houston County Georgia Lime Rock Co.. P. 0. Box 578 Ocala, Fla. Mines at Clinchfield, Ga.

J. L. Vaughn R.F. D.2 Cartersville, Ga. Polk County Ed Burks Cedartown, Ga. J. W. Houseal Cedartown, Ga.

Perry, Ga.

MARBLE

L. 0. Benton Monticello, Ga. Mine near Perry, Ga. Pickens County Georgia Mineral Products Co., Tate, Georgia

Cherokee County The Georgia Marble Co., Tate, Georgia Mine at Holly Springs, Ga. (Serpentine or Verde Antique)
1
I Pickens County

Central Commercial Co., 322 S. Michigan. Ave., Chicago, Ill. Mine at Whitestone, Ga.
Polk County Georgia Cement & Products Co., 820 Forsyth Bldg.,

The Georgia Marble Co., Tate, Georgia Randolph County The Georgia Marble Co., Tate, Georgia Mine at Cuthbert, Ga. (Travertine)

Atlanta, Ga.

MICA

Mine at Portland, Ga.

Cherokee County

Southern States Portland Cement. Co., Rockmart, Georgia Whitefield County Whitfield County, Highway Dept., Dalton, Georgia

Thompson, Weinman & Co., Inc., Holland W. Smith Cartersville, Ga. Mine at Canton, Ga. ('Chlorite schist)

MANGANESE Manganiferous Iron Ore

OCHER
Bartow County New Riverside Ocher Co.,

Bartow County

J. R. Dellinger, Mgr.

Harry B. Brown

Cartersville, Ga.

Cartersville, Ga.

Cherokee Ocher Co.,

John Knight

Cartersville, Ga.

Cartersville, Ga.

SLATE

C. Culver Cartersville, Ga.
H. L. Simpson & H. E. Simpson Cartersville, Ga.

Bartow County The Funkhouser Co., Hagerstown, Md. Quarry at. Fairmount, Ga.
This directory to be co.ntinued next month.