Forestry-geological review [Nov. 1936]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPM .-.-..:=-

Vol. 6

ATLANTA, GA., NOVEMBER, 1936

No. 11

TIMBER PROTECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS IN GEORGIA INCREASE ACREAGE DURING RECENT YEARS

IMPORTANT DISCOVERY
MADE RECENTLY BY DR.HERTY

MORE ACREAGE SHOULD BE PROTECTED-RECORDS SHOW
FEWER FIRES ON PROTECTED AREA THAN ON UNPROTECTED AREA

UNCOVERS MORE SOURCE OF WEALTH IN THE PINE
TREES OF THE SOUTH

The area of forest lands in Georgia un- ment has appropriated moneys to be used Working in The Paper and Pulp Labora-

der organized protection from fire has in assisting private forest landowners in tory recently, Dr. Chas. H. Herty made an-

grown from less than one million acres in their efforts to protect growing trees from other valuable discovery, that of "fat" in

1926 to approximately five million acres in fire. In order to be eligible to receive aid pine trees, "fat" containing the same stuff

1936. This increase in the numbers of from the Federal Government, timber own- as human and animal fresh.

acres being protected in a systematic man- ers must belong to a Timber Protective Or- The handicap to making book paper was

ner is due mainly to the efforts of those in- ganization. Any timber owner within the what the paper industry calls "pitch." It

terested in the conservation and protection state may belong to one of these organi- is the stuff which shows as an occasional

of the forests in Georgia calling the atten- zations.

slightly discolored spot in paper. It is not

tion of others to the great damage being A private landowner who wishes to ob- pitch, but Dr. Herty said no one knew ex-

done annually by the "great enemy" of the tain the aid of the State and Federal Gov- actly of what it was made.

forest-FIRE. The damage done to the ernment in forest fire control, may join To find out, he sliced sections of tree

forest each year by fire amounts to more with two or more private landowners to wood thin as tissue. He colored the slices

than five million dollars.

form a Timber Protective Organization. with biological stains like a physician look-

As a comparison

The aggregate of ing for the cause of disease. The result

of the number of

t h e i r combined was discovery that the "pitch" was made

acres burned annu-

forest lands must of what botanists call "ray" or pasynchre-

ally on the protected area and t h e

HELP INCREASE THE

ex c e e d 10,000 mous cells. These are the "living" parts acres, these lands of the wood, which a few years ago would

unprotected area, with the estimated

TPO ACREAGE IN

must be contigu- have been identified simply as "protoous so that they plasm."

damage in dollars and cents to each,

GEORGIA

may be readily and Chemical analysis showed they were economically hand- filled with fats, faty acids and waxes.

we are giving the

led as an adminis- These cells are visible only under a micro-

fire statistics for

trative unit. The scope. They are many times smaller than

1934. During this

several landown- the tree fibers which make paper. They

year there was a total of 25,761

PROTECT THE WOODS

ers should t h e n are extracted by diluting the pulp and letc make application ting it run by gravity over a porous screen.

f i r e s reported, burning 5,469,409

FROM FIRE

through the dis- The small cells fall through with the water. trict forester for There is no machinery. At the end of the

acres. Number of

recognition as a downgrade Dr. Herty has a new type of

fires on acres of

Timber Protective pulp, more free from the fat than even the

the Timber Protec-

Organization. The spruce pulps now used for the best grades

tive Organization was 1,711, burning over State Forester will send a representative to of paper. Another new process separates

345,409 acres, with an estimated dam- confer with the interested landowners. If the water from the fat.

age of $413,409. The percentage burned the application meets with the approval Spruce trees, Dr. Herty stated, contain

in the protected area was .08 per cent. The of the State Forester, the landowners will only about 1% per cent of the fats. Thi!

number of fires on the unprotected area be notified and then should form a perma- southern pines all contain much more of

amounted to 24,050, burning more than nent Timber Protective Organization.

the living stuff, which probably accounts

5,000,000 acres and doing an estimated After the approval of the request has for them growing nearly five times as fast

damage of more than $5,000,000. The been received from the State Forester, the as spruce. One of the southern pines, lob-

percentage of the unprotected area that interested landowners should call a meet- lolly, has eight per cent of fat.

Was burned was 27 per cent.

ing for the purpose of organizing the Tim- "If," said Dr. Herty, "all the sulphite

Realizing that the control of fire in the ber Protective Organization. The members pulp (the newsprint pulp) used in this

forest lands of Georgia is vital to the wel- present at the meeting shall define the country annually were made from south-

fare of the private landowner, the counties, boundaries of the TPO territory, selecting ern pines it would mean a daily production

the state and the nation, the U. S. Govern-

(Continued on Page 6)

(Continued on Page 5)

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review ELLIOTT W. REED, TIMBER were transplanted in the fall and the early

Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND
GEOLOGICAL D.EVELOPMENT State Cai;,itol, Atlanta
CLAUDE E. BOGGS, EDITOR
Forestry Division Elmer E. Dyal, State Forester________Atlanta Jack Thurmond, Asst. State
Forester ____________________________________Atlanta Claude E. Boggs, Educational Mgr. __Atlanta T. P. Hursey, Dist. Forester__________;___Ro?Jle

OWNER GIVES FINDINGS ON PINE SEEDLINGS

winter months, with the exception of those in December, survived 100 percent. The 8 percent loss of the December group was

PATENTED SEEDLING LIFTER IN SLASH PINE TRANS-
PLANTING AFFORDS iBETTER RESULTS

probably due to the extremely low temperature and lack of adequate rainfall.
From January 5, to March 1935, Mr. Reed transplanted 66,915 seedlings in Chatham County. 11,368 of these were lost.

With the remaining 55,547 trees he propos-

We have recently received from Elliott es two 73.5 acre operations, based on 26

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester______Gamesvllle S. L. McCrary, Dist. Forester________Augusta R. R. Evans, Dist. Forester__________Columbus
W. G. Wallace, Dist. Forester______Savannah R. D. Franklin, Dist. Forester______Waycross

W. Reed, of Chatham County, a detailed report of his experimentation of slash pine seedling transplanting and two proposed acreage operation plans. The former con-

and 15 year rotation plans. Allowing for expected decrease during the rotation period, the seedlings would yield an average of 704 trees per acre with which to operate.

H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester________Albany Herbert C. Carruth, Dist. Forester____Macon Miss Hazel Nicholas, Bookkeeper-
Treasurer ________________________________ Atlanta
Mrs. John Y. Roberts, Secretary to State Forester_____________________Atlanta
M. E. Murphy, Nurseryman____________Albany
Mrs. W. L. Davis, Clerk State Nursery ____________________________Albany

tains comparative records of the use of the old hand shovels and the new patented seedling lifters through the months from March, 1935 to July, 1936, on groups transplanted monthly with counts taken in February and July. Attached were daily weather conditions from the United States Government reports.

The 26-year rotation plan includes pulpwood, naval stores, and saw timber consumption. It recommends thinning out trees for pulpwood at the end of the lOth and 15th years, turpentining the rest for the remaining 10 years, and at the end of the 25th year discontinuing the naval stores operations and cutting the trees for saw

Geological Division Richard W. Smith, State Geologist,
and Secretary to Commission__Atlanta G. WG. eCorloicgkismt ay__,___A___s_s__t_.___S__t__a__t_e____________Atlanta
Lane Mitchell, Asst. State Geologist, on leave______________________________________Atlanta
Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk____________Atlanta

Mr. Reed shows, on his' July count on groups of 50 seedlings transplanted monthly from March, 1935 to February, 1936, by use of the new patented seedling lifters, an increase of 7.4 percent living plants over the 25 group transplanted with the old hand shovels under the same period plan

timber. The 15-year rotation plan includes only pulpwood operations. All amounts received from both plans to be carried for the remaining years of each period with 6 percent interest, compounded annually.
The following figures show the incomes

Any information appearing in this pub- from August, 1935 to July, 1936. All seed- and compiled expenditures to be expected

lication may be used at any time provided lings, regardless of the method used, that from these plans: proper credit is given.-The Editor.

NEW DISTRICT FORESTER APPOINTED

73.5 ACRE OPERATIONS OF TRANSPLANTED SLASH PINE SEEDLINGS
Based on 26-Year Rotation including Pulpwood, Naval Stores, and Saw Timber
INCOME

OFFICE AT MACON OPENED OCTOBER FIRST
Herbert C. Carruth, of Roswell, Georgia, has been appointed District Forester for the Fifth District, with headquarters in the Chamber of Commerce Building, Macon, Georgia. Mr. Carruth assumed his duties on October 1. Miss Mildred Wood, of Barnesville, Georgia, was appointed Secretary to Mr. Carruth and will be in the office.
Mr. Carruth is well qualified for the position, having received his degree in Forestry from the School of Forestry, Athens, Georgia, in June, 1936. During his study of forestry he made an unusual record in all of his work.
NEW SECRETARY TO STATE FORESTER

lOth year 15th year Last 10 years End of 25th year

352 trees per acre cut for pulpwood ---------$1,212.75 235 trees per acre cut for pulpwood-~------ 1,617.00 117 trees per acre turpentined _________________ 3,439.80
117 trees per acre cut for saw timber________ 4,300.00

Amounts compounded annually at 6 o/o ----------------------------------------------------- $15 ,2 56.32 EXPENDITURES
Land Investment, Planting, Fire Protection, Supervision and Taxes ------------------------------------------------------------------ 6,458.26

PR0 FIT ___---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 8,798.08

Based on 15-Year Rotation including only Pulpwood

INCOME lOth year

808.5 cords @ $4.00 per cord _________________________________ $ 3,234.00

Compounded annually @ 6 o/o for 5 years ------------------------------------------ 1,121.75

15th year

1,617 cords @ $4.00 per cord ________________________________ 6,468.00

TotaL__________________---------------------------------------------------------------$1 0,823.75 EXPENDITURES
Transplanting, Cutting, Hauling, Land Investment and Miscellaneous Expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8,147.54

APPOINTED

Profit --------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 2,676.21

At the Quarterly meeting of the Commission of Forestry and Geological Development, held October 15, Miss Hazel

TALLEST TREE IN THE WORLD

Igreat redwood in Bull Creek Flat, near l>Y erville, Humboldt County, California. It is 364 feet high.

Nicholas, who was Secretary to the State

"Only one other tree in known to have

Forester, was appointed Treasurer and

exceeded this height. This was an eucalyp

Bookkeeper for the Department. Mrs. John "The Redwood Empire Association has tus at Victoria, Australia, which attained

Y. Roberts was appointed by the State established definitely that the tallest tree a height of 375 feet. AccordiRg to existing

Forester to take Miss Nicholas' position as in the world grows within the redwood em- records that have just been brought to

Secretary. Mrs. Roberts assumed her du- pire.

light, it was destroyed in 1880."

ties October 19.

"The tree is the 'Founder's Tree', a

"The Timberman"

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

AGE DISTRIBUTION OF CCC many farms were either abandoned or be- EDUCATION STRESSED

ENROLLEES GIVEN

came inactive, with the result that a large area of "farm" woodland was not included

IN CCC CAMPS

LARGEST PERCENT BELOW TWENTY YEARS OF AGE
Robert Fechner, Director of Emergency Conservation Work (CCC), recently made public the results of a survey conducted by the Department of Labor to determine the age distribution of 238,846 young men between the ages of seventeen and twentyeight who were selected for enrollment in the Civilian Conservation Corps between October 1, 1935 and July 31, 1936. This survey, covering the selection of all young men enrolled in the CCC since the minimum age limit was set at seventeen years, showed that more than one-half of the men came from the seventeen- and eighteenyear age groups. The survey also dis-

in the 1930 Census (reporting conditions of 1929). The depression with its well-known "back-to-the-farm" migration from industrial centers revived many inactive farms or established new ones, located more generally in regions of less fertile soils or rougher topography with relatively large amounts of woodland. Thus, the 1935 Census (year of 1934) included large areas of woodland that technically did not exist in 1930 as farmwoods.
There has been a general shift in land use from cropland to pastureland and from worn-out pastureland to woodland, or even direct from cropland to woodland. The recent agricultural soil conservation program has resulted in the extensive planting of soy beans and other soil-building le-

ENROLLEES TAKE ADVANTAGE OF INSTRUCTION OFFERED
According to an announcement made recently from the office of the Director of the Emergency Conservation Works, Washington, D. C., approximately 40,000 illiterate enrollees in the Civilian Conservation Corps have been taught to read and write through the camp educational program since the beginning of the corps, Howard W. Oxley, Director of CCC Camp Education, stated recently in a report forwarded to the War Department and tram;mitted to Robert Fechner, Director of Emergency Conservation Work.

closed that 75 percent of the 238,846 men gumes for intensive pastures with an ac- Reduction of illiteracy has been one of

selected were in the seventeen-, eighteen-, companying abandonment of low-grade the major objectives of the educational

nineteen- and twenty-year age brackets. former pastures, many of which had con- program in the camps, and men entering

Not more than 17.22 percent of the appli- siderable tree growth.

the corps unable to read and write have

cants for enrollment were above twenty- In selecting new farms there is good evi- been encouraged to participate in classes

one years of age when selected.

dence that people quite generally seek arranged for illiterates. Mr. Oxley re-

A copy of the survey forwarded to Di- lands having timber growth which will fur- ported that, at the end of the 1936 fiscal

rector Fechner follows:

nish materials needed for buildings, posts year, 92 per cent of the 7,595 illiterate en-

Percentage of and fuelwood, and also some cash from rollees enrolled at that time were learning-

Number

Age Group to the sale of various forest products.

to read and write. This figure compares

Age

Selected

Total Selected

with the 88 per cent of the illiterate en-

17------------------ 62,017 18..---------------- 61,725
19------------------ 33'711 20......------------ 22,876 2L________________ 17,291

26.00 25.87 14.11
9.57 7.23

rollees who were participating in classe"! in

CCC ENROLLEES FIGHT

reading and writing at the beginning of th~ fiscal year.

FOREST FIRES

"An analysis of the educational level of

the CCC enrollments reveals that approxi-

22__________________ 12,289
23.---------------- 8,993 24----------------- 6,735 25------------------ 4'9 65

5.14

MANY DAYS SPENT ON FIGHT- mately 2% per cent of the men a-re illit-

3.76

ING DUTY TO HELP

erate when they enroll", said Mr. Oxley in

2.81

CONTROL FIRES

this report. "Naturally, elimination of

2.07

illiteracy has been considered one of the

26------------------ 3'4 22 27----------------- 2,805 28------------------ 2,017

1.43

primary objectives of the educational pro-

1.17

As forest fire fighters, the men of the gram."

.84

Civilian Conservation Corps have expend-

ed more than 3,000,000 man-days on em-

TOTAL

238,846

100.00

ergency forest fire fighting duty in the na-
tion's forests and parks since the corps INTERESTING FOREST

LARGE INCREASE IN FARM WOODLANDS

was initiated in the spring of 1933, Robert Fechner, Director of Emergency Conservation Work, announced today.
"The unusual severity of forest fires in

FACTS:
For many centuries the camphor tree

many sections of the country this year, was the principal ornamental tree used in

REASONS FOR INCREASE GIVEN climaxed by the recent disastrous fires on temple courtyards of Japan and China.

BY U. S. FOREST SERVICE

~he Oregon coa~t an~ in southern Wash- The ginko tree would be extinct today
I mgton and Cahforma, placed especially had it not been for the perseverence of

A large increase in woodlands on farms heavy responsibilities upon government and an early Chinese Priest who planted these

is shown by the 1935 Census. The increase s~a.te officials c~arged with the responsi- trees in the temple courtyards.

of 23.7 percent, or 35,529,240 acres, during the 5-year-period of 1930 to 1935, brings the total area of farm-woods up to

bil1ty of protectmg our forests and parks from destructive fires" Director Fechner American hickory is used extensively in
said. "As a result, the CCC was called 1 Switzerland for the construction of the

185,474,965 acres.

upon for large numbers of men to fight I best skiis.

Some reasons for the increase are fires. Since early spring, when serious Ox teams of six and eight are being used

known, according toW. R. Mattoon who is fires in the South inaugurated the current to haul logs to the four sawmills on a log-

conducting the present inquiry on farm season, there has not been a month when ging operation of about 40,000 acres of

Woodlands, and others may become appar- the CCC has not been called out in con- virgin timber near Shawneetown, Illinois.

ent later.

siderable numbers to fight fires, many of It was necessary to import oxen because of

In order to be included in a Federal them of major proportions.

the swampy area being logged.

Census it is necessary that farms be in act-

The weekly payroll of the lumber indus-

ive operation or "going" farms. During the peak of prosperity culmin:lting in 1929,

STOP WOOD FIRES

try is $9,000,000, giving employment to over 510,600 men.

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

the Ocmulgee River to the Satilla River EDUCATIONAL WOODWORKING SHOP

on the north and south and into Bacon

FOREST
C. C. C. CAMP NEWS

County on the east, as well as the eastern An object of pride to Camp P-92 as a

portions of Ben Hill and Irwin Counties whole and especially to the carpenters and

on the west.

woodworkers of the Canip is the recently

The detection system of this TPO is con- completed woodworking shop. Large and

nected to that of the Appling TPO by a roomy with ample space to install the jig-

P-62.
The sweetwater creek bridge located be-
tween the southern Industrial Orphans'
Home and Red Oak School is being painted

telephone line from Denton via the Bouie Tower into Baxley. A line has been built from the Pridgen Tower into Fitzgerald with a spur into Wray.

saw, band saw, rip saw, lathe and jointer purchased out of educational funds, this building will prove very valuable to a large gro111p of boys. Already various articles made of cedar which show talented work-

by Foreman L. C. Outler, Leader Theron

manship have been completed.

Aldridge and crew.

Camp Lanier's Educational Building has

This bridge has been under construction received several improvements lately. The

BRUNSWICK PULP MILL

for the past two and a half months and is interior has just been painted in bright

nearing completion.

white and green colors. This increases the Timber growers of Glynn County, Camp

lighting effect and brightens the appear- P-92, and all other agencies interested in

Foreman C. C. Beecher, Leader Raymond ance for the coming winter evenings.

the growth and conservation of the pine

Thomas, "and crew are building a log fence The Reading Room, with its ample maga- lands of this section are greatly interested

around the Hartfield Tower, located in Jeff zine racks, a writing desk and a large read- in the plans to construct a seven million

Davis County.

ing table, gives a welcome to one entering dollar pulp mill in the City of Brunswick.

the building. Adjoining is the Library and Work on tais plant has already been start-

The construction of the two steel towers the Adviser's Office, where many enrollees ed.

to be erected during the eighth period will stroll in for a chat. Our Library of six

begin soon.

hundred volumes affords many hours of ANNUAL STATE F. F. A.

One is to be located in the vicinity of pleasure and recreation to many readers. Surrency, Appling County, and one in the The promise of the Education Departvicinity of Mershon, Pierce County. We ment for this winter is to provide the warm-

CONVENTION HELD IN MACON

are looking forward to Mr. Watts and his est, most attractive, comfortable and in-

crew doing the job.

viting places about the Camp.

MORE THAN FIFTEEN

HUNDRED MEMBERS

Truck Trail No. HC-B-701, located in Bacon County, under the supervision of

P-87.

ATTEND

Foreman G. F. Womble, is progressing very Plans are being made at P-87 to spend a The Eighth Annual State Convention of

rapidly. With leader J. D. Gibbs and crew, Mr.

great deal of time during the winter months in installing the nucleus of what

The Georgia Association of Future Farmers of America was held at Macon, Geor-

Womble is doing some very fine work. we hope to make a complete fire detection gia, October 22, 23, 24, with more than fif-

Leader J. H. Brant is operating two Euc- system for Floyd County. This is in line teen hundred students and teachers of

lid Scrapers.

with the County-wide TPO which the act- vocational agriculture attending.

It wouldn't be right not to mention Fore-

ion of the Floyd County Board of Commissioners has made possible by their

The convention was held in conjunction with the Georgia State Exposition, which

man A. L. Sutton. He is not assigned to agreement to pay acreage assessment on organization sponsored and financed a

any one particular "job" but is known as "The Jack of All Trades," such as, tractor operator, telephone line construction, truck trail construction, bridge construction and

all County timber lands. Indications are that this action is the initial move that will bring all of Northwest Georgia into an effective protective unit and that it will

number of contests for the vocational students. Some of the contests that were held during the convention were Dairy Judging, Swine Judging, See Identification and

the like.
We are very glad to have Inspector J. H. Stone from the Regional Office and In-

be of vast timber benefit in the watershed of the Coosa, the Oostenoula and the Etowah rivers.

Plant Judging, Shop Judging, and the Identification of more than twenty species of forest leaves.
Carl Maxwell, Bowman High School,

spector R. S. Thompson from the Atlanta The present plan calls for the install- President of the State organization, pre-

Office with us last week. They were in- ation of two steel lookout towers and ap- sided at all the meetings.

specting everything in general and found proximately fifty miles of telephone line, At the closing session of the convention,

everything satisfactory.

as well as some six or eight miles of truck Saturday morning, Miss Emily Woodward,

trail.

a member of the Executive Committee of

Supt. H. C. Brown has been very busy inspecting the work which has been done during the past month.

P-92
SHORTAGE OF PINE CONES

the Georgia Forestry Association, awarded a cash prize of five dollars to each of the following vocational students who had written the five best articles pertaining to their school and home forestry project:

P-68.

The crop of slash and longleaf pine cones 1. Myrvin Clark, Sale City High School.

P-68 DETECTION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Lookout towers have been constructed at Denton and four miles west of Pridgen on the Coffee and Ben Hill County line. These

in Glynn and nearby Counties was particularly small this year. Camp P-92 had great difficulty but managed to gather the allotted 100 bushels of slash pine cones but was unable to obtain any of its longleaf cone allotment. The whole of Glynn

2. Tommy Ginn, Bowman High School. 3. John Beggs, Hartwell High School. 4. J. Vern Stancil, Clarkesville High School. 5. Everett High, Sale City High School.

towers are connected by telephone with the and part of Brantley, Wayne and Mcin- These students have not only written

towers at Chatterton and Forky Creek. tosh Counties were covered in the pine good articles pertaining to their forestry

They are so located as to form a square cone search and the crop is reported ex- work at home and at school but have done

that will provide a detection system from tremely small.

excellent wock in their forestry projects:

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

6

tire body regarding timber conservation

T. P. 0.
NEWS

and protection. Judge Rourke, of the Superior Court, has been specific and generous in his charge to the Grand Jury, from time to time, regarding forest fires, timber conservation and reforestation. Judge Arthur

Solomons, Chairman of the County Com-

OGEECHEE TPO GIVEN

missioners, has agreed to cut a strip clear of all growth 30 feet wide on either side

SP-13

POLICE PROTECTION of the roads in the county, to afford pro- Members of Company 4463, Chipley, Ga.,

tection from tourists.

have recently started a poultry project as

CHATHAM COUNTY OFFICERS The Ogeechee TPO is very fortunate in a supplement to a class in Poultry farm-

COOPERATE TO PROTECT

securing cooperation from the agencies ing, which is a part of the regular scheduled

WOODS FROM FIRE

mentioned above. With it we predict that educational course.

fewer forest fires will occur during the A dozen White Leghorn hens were se-

In order to protect the forest more ade- coming season than ever before. We wish cured by the Educational Adviser and the

quately from fire during the coming sea- to congratulate them and other TPO's of enrollees assisted in constructing a six by

son, the Police Department of Chatham the State on the splendid work they are eight foot model house on the camp

County has detailed two of their regular doing along these lines.

grounds. The hens will provide a working

force for special fire protection and en-

laboratory for the enrollees taking the

forcement of the law regarding forest

GASKINS T. P. 0. BEGIN'S

course to get first-hand information on

fires, according to an announcement made

FOREST PROTECTION

culling, feeding, housing, sanitation and

recently by Elliott W. Reed, President of

marketing.

the Ogeechee Timber Protective Organization.
W. F. Chapman, Chief of the County

Realizing that they have a great advantage over other sections of the state the members of Gaskins T. P. 0. are making preparations for the protection of their

Motion pictures showing best practices in caring for flocks were shown in the Camp soon after the arrival of the hens. These

Police Force, has assured the members of timber land during the coming fire season. pictures stimulated an interest in the class

the TPO that two members of the Police Force are ready at all times to give special

In getting aid to carry on this type of protection we are getting the best encourage-

and those enrollees taking the course are doing so with a view to making poultry

attention to fire calls.

ment that any industry could ever hope to a part of their farming activities when they

Chief Chapman said, "We are anxious to receive.

leave the CCC.

enforce the law, and we are going to do Berrin County was slow in practicing

everything in our power to help keep down timber conservation, and fire protection, Following the close of the summer ses-

fires. We mean business!" He stated that but the people are aware of the fact that sion, twenty-two members of the company

police headquarters now had direet tele- if they do not do something to protect the were awarded certificates for completion

phone connections with the look-out sta- forest it will not be long until they will be of courses in the Camp educational de-

tions in the field and a man could be put practically destroyed.

partment.

on the job in any part of the county within fifteen minutes after receiving a call.
In addition to the telephone connection

VALUABLE NAVAL

The certificates were awarded following the completion of courses in Business Arithmetic, Typing, Citizenship and Gov-

with police, which will bring their aid, Mr. Reed said they had more rangers this year and better equipment. He said they were

STORES BULLETIN AVAILABLE

ernment, and Business English. The course in business arithmetic was taught by the camp Educational Adviser and cov-

going after those persons who burned the woods, either maliciously or carelessly, stronger than ever.
Those persons caught violating the law in regard to starting fires will be prosecu-

PRODUCERS 'SHOULD SECURE THIS PUBLICATION TO GET THE LATEST INFORMATION

ered a period of eight months. The course in Citizenship and Government covered a like period and was conducted by Lt. Leigh during his six months tour here as Commanding Officer. Following his relief, the

ted. According to Georgia law, the offense

course was carried on by the Educational

is held as a misdemeanor and carries a The U. S. Department of Agriculture has Adviser and later by Robert Pendley, tech-

penalty of $1,000 or six months in prison. just released an interesting publication en- nical student from Emory University who

To illustrate the progress in fire preven- titled "Variations in Naval Stores Yields spent the summer in camp. tion, which they are making on their hold- Associated with Weather and Specified ings, Mr. Reed said during the year 1934- Days between Clippings."

35, when they had 105,000 acres listed in The data contained in this booklet was the organization, they lost by fire, 3,921 collected by Messrs. V. L. Harper, silvi-

DISCOVERY OF DR. HERTY

acres, but last season, when they had over culturist, and Lenthall Wyman, formerly

135,000 acres listed, they lost only 1,233 associate silviculturist, of the Southern

(Continued from Page 1)

acres.

Forest Experiment Station, U. S. Forest of fats and waxes of about 420,000 pounds.

Service.

None of these fats are now being extracted

Other agencies of the county are also The introduction to the contents and the here or elsewhere."

cooperating with the TPO in protecting the explanatory matter relating to the statis- Getting rid of the fat in trees has been

forests from fire. The Judges of the tical data are clear and concise, and the also a big striae ahead for another of Dr.

Courts of the county, the County Commis- information will undoubtedly be of ser- Herty's scientific "dreams," the making of

sioners, the members of the CCC Camps vice to all naval stores operators who avail clothing from southern pine forests. The

and the Grand Jury are doing all in their themselves of a copy.

fat in these trees has been a barrier to

power to cooperate in this important un- The booklet is listed as Technical Bulle- making rayon.

dertaking. The Grand Jury has a Timber tin No. 510, the cost is five cents, and Preliminary tests of the "fatless" pine

Conservatory committee, which has made copies can be had by addressing the Super- wood indicates that it will make standard

special recommendations through the en- intendent of Documents Washington D. C. rayon.

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

SIXTH DISTRICT

T.P.O.ACREAGEINCREASE

SEVENTH DISTRICT

W. G. Wallace, Dis.t. Forester, Savannah

(Continued from Page 1)

Russell Franklin, Dist. Forester Waycross

natural fire barriers, such as roads, streams,

etc., where possible. Membership in a

A recent inspection of the 1500 acre TPO shall be limited to landowners or

T. P. 0.

tract of Dr. Julian Chisolm of Savannah showed excellent results of land planning. While maintained primarily as a game preserve, this tract is being managed in such a way as to make the forests productive as well as the cultivated section of the farm. All old fields are being rapidly planted with slash pine seedlings produced by the State Nursery at Albany. Where wooded areas are not properly reforested, interplantings are being made to make the forest productive.
And of course the all-important steps necessary to good fire protection are being taken. As a game preserve must be managed properly in order to have the wild

their representatives who own la:ads lying within the boundaries of the organization. Landowners wisliing to join the TPO after it has been organized may do so upon application to officials of the organization. The TPO's are self-governing.
Georgia has some 22,000,000 acres of potential forest land that is either growing trees or nothing. It is too steep, too stony, too poor, or too far from market to be used for plow land at the present time; and while the demand for food and clothes by an increasing population may in time require that some of this land be put under plow, it is not likely that there will be a great reduction of the forest area for fifty

All TPO's in this District submitted substantial quarterly statements of expenditures and the sum total of all expenditures for this quarter exceeded $21,000.00. The majority of the TPO's bought new equipment for plowing secondary breaks and maintaining ECW breaks at the beginning of the fiscal year and these purchases ran the expenditures rather high for the first quarter.
Nearly every TPO is hard at work plowing secondary fire-breaks, maintai11ing ECW breaks and getting their tower and telephone system in good condition for the coming fire seas~:m.

game desired, numerous small patches of years to come. In the meantime, the de-

feed crops for quail, turkey, doves, deer, mand for forest products, such as lumber, etc., are established throughout the tract. pufpwood, turpentine and rosin is so great The nearby forest offers the necessary that the growing of forests is the most

TPO DAY DECLARED DURING FESTIVAL

cover for game. Much cover and feed crops profitable use that can be made of this Friday, November 13, has been declared

are left in the larger cultivated fields on land. This forest area, if protected from TPO Day in connection with the annual

the farm by skipping patches of peas, beg- fire and put under 13roper forest manage- Forestry Festival to be held in Waycross

gar weed, etc. An old rice field is being ment is capable of maintaining an industry duri:ag the week November lOth thru 14th.

developed into a duck pond. That ref?ults that should contribute at least $75,000,- On this day all TPO members and offi

are being gained both as to forests and 000 annually to the wealth of Georgia. cials will gather in Waycross to look over

wild game was readily noticeable. Wild Such an industry deserves protection and the exhibits at the Festival and to witness

turkey ran out of pea fields ahead of us, encouragement both from the State and one of the greatest field demonstrations

and much evidence of deer was there.

the individual. The larger per cent of ever to be held showing the uses of every

The point is, your land will pay better if these 22,000,000 acres will reseed naturally known kind of fire-fighting tools, plows

you manage if properly and develop the if forest fires are kept out. The remainder, tractors, and all other tools in any phase

many products it is capable of producing. consisting of old fields, badly burned hill- of woods work.

sides, and clear cut areas which have no Also on this day every one that is a

The County Commissioners and people seed trees due to repeated fires, must be timber land owner will have the opportu

of Candler County, county seat of which restocked artificially. Again, the rate of nity to join some TPO and the blanks wil

is Metter, have indicated their interest in growth on the protected areas, where the be on hand in the Festival building for ev

the business of protecting growing timber litter and humus has accumulated due to eryone caring to sign up.

by purchasing a 100 ft. steel lookout tow- the absence of fires, will be more than This TPO Day will be for every State

er which is being erected by the CCC.

double that on the area where annual fires caring to take part and does not mean only

Many excellent stands of Slash and occur.

the TPO's in Georgia but all protective

Longleaf Pine are to be seen in this Coun-

organizations or units from any State.

ty which also has much valuable farm land.

Manufacturers of tools and equipment

Our heavily timbered Counties have much to boast of but on the whole a county such as Candler, having excellent farms

SOUTHEASTERN PLANNING CONFERENCE

have already been contacted and will have exhibits in the building as well as take part in the field demonstrations.

as well, will find many advantages in the

matter of raising and marketing timber State Geologist Richard W. Smith at-

and forest products. That Candler Coun- tended the second annual Southeastern ty will recognize this opportunity and will Planning Conference held at Jacksonville,

INTERESTING FOREST FACTS

carefully plan the protection and develop- Florida, on October 12th and 13th to dis- The following was noted in the "Keep

ment of its forests and forest areas we cuss regional, state, and county planning Up With The World" column in Collier's

have little doubt.

in the states of South Carolina, Georgia, magazine this month:

Florida, and Alabama. One of the fea- "A unique association in the South is

Now that the time has rolled around tures of the meeting, which was called by the Live Oak Society and the membership

again for firebreak construction, we find Mr. Henry T. Mcintosh, Albany, Georgia, consists of one hundred giant oak trees.

that there are six T. P. 0. in this district District Chairman of the National Resour- To be a member a tree must be very old,

owning tractors and firebreak equipment ces Committee, was a talk by Governor- having a legal representative, adhere to

and that most of these are now at work. It Designate E. D. Rivers of Georgia. Gov- the Constitution and By-Laws and pay an-

is apparent that many of the T. P. O.'s are ernor-Designate Rivers said that "planning nual dues of twenty-five acorns. The Sec-

having their financial troubles thru lack of is so necessary that it needs no advocate," retary is a gentleman in LaFayette, Louis-

cooperation among members, but the out-

iana, and the President is a large tree on

look is encouraging, and we hope that a and promised his support for the necessary a farm near New Orleans.''

better spirit of cooperation will be mani- legislation to establish a State Planning

By Norma W. Emmerson,

fested by the lagging T. P. 0. members. Board for Georgia.

Winter Garden, Fla.

;

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

pits were sunk, and consequently practi-

cally all the deposits cropping out at the

TALC DEPOSITS OF GEORGIA

surface were discovered. Early mining was carried on by small open cuts and short

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

drifts in the outcrop, and thus only the yel-

low, weathered mineral was obtained. To-

day the mines extend to considerable depth.

GEOFFREY W. CRICKMAY

They have passed through the easily access-

ible yellow talc and now only the fresh

I lb====================================:::..l grayish-green talc is mined. Impurities
I Talc is best known in the finely-ground Southern Talc Co. (W. B. Hartsfield- ~ found i_n the t~Ic as min~te grain. include

I I form of talcum powder, which is made Atlanta, Ga.)

magnetite, pynte, dolomite, chlonte, and

almost exclusively from this . soft w~ite The talc occurs. in da~k phyllite, schist, serpenti.ne. An average of thr~e analyses

mineral. Talc however, finds Its way mto and quartzite which stnke northeast and of pencil-grade talc from the mmes of the

more than fifty industries and has some-

what more than a hundred distinct uses.

The present United States production of

talc is inadequate to meet domestic de-

mands, and therefore the talc deposits of

Georgia hold more than ordinary interest.

This article is a brief review of the talc

industry of the State which for more than

fifty years has maintained a steady produc-

tion ranging from 500 to 6000 tons annu-

ally, with average value of about $11.00 a

ton.

Talc is a white, green, to dark greenish-

gray mineral with greasy feel. It is a hy-

drous magnesian silicate (H 2Mg 3(Si0 3 ) 4 ) and is thus chemically closely related to

serpentine, chlorite, olivine, and pyroxene,

with which it is commonly associated. Its

physical properties are similar in many

respects to mica and pyrophyllite, and these

two minerals have frequently been used as

substitutes for talc. Sericite in Pickens

County and chlorite in Cherokee County

have locally been called talc for many

years. Most acids and alkalies have no ap-

preciable effect on talc. The mineral when

heated is unchanged until at a high temper-

ature it fuses to a white enamel. Rock

made up mainly of talc is called soapstone

which, on account of its softness, can easily

be sawed and cut into desired shapes.

The talc deposits of Georgia are re-

stricted to the northern part of the State.

The most important deposits are in Murray,

,..

Fannin, Gilmer, and Cherokee counties.

Talc of good grade but probably not in

commercial quantities is known to occur in

Habersham County, 1 mile west of Soque;

Rabun County, 3 miles northwest of Bur-

ton, on a small branch of Dick's Creek;

Towns County, 5 miles north of Young Bagging ground Georgia Talc.-Southern Talc Co., Chatsworth, Ga. Photo Courtesy

Harris. Soapstone deposits are known in

Southern Talc Co.

Carroll, Cherokee, Columbia, Dawson, De-

Kalb, Douglas, Elbert, Greene, Gwinnett, dip southeast ~t an angle of 45 degrees Cohutta Talc Co. and Georgia Talc Co. Habersham, Harris, Heard, Jasper, Lincoln, 1 or less. The deposits are present at sev- show the following:- silica-60.15; iron

Lumpkin, Meriwether, Monroe, Paulding, era! horizons in the phyllites. Although oxide-5.14; magnesia-28.71; combined

Putnam, Stephens, Union, and White coun- they occupy sheet-like bodies like beds of water-4.11; minor constituents-1.57; to-

ties.

sedimentary rocks, it is generally thought tal-99.59. The high iron content is ob-

All the talc now mined in Georgia is ob- that they represent the alteration of some jectionable for some uses, particularly in

tained from deposits on Fort and Cohutta basic igneous rock. The contact between the ceramic trade. Iron contained in mag-

mountains near Chatsworth, Murray Coun- the talc-bearing rocks and the phyllites is netite and pyrite could easily be removed

ty. Three companies are now active, and generally sharp. The talc layers range in for these minerals are much heavier than

all have their mills at Chatsworth:

thickness from 5 to 50 feet and can be talc, but the iron contained in chlorite is

Cohutta Talc Co. (F. F. Farrar-Dalton, traced for hundreds of feet along their much more difficult to get rid of for chlo-

Ga.)

strike.

rite has much the same physical properties

I Georgia Talc Co. (J. Frazier Glenn- Soon after talc was first discovered in as talc. Only a very small part of the talc

Asheville, N. C.)

the Chatsworth district, dozens of shallow mined at Chatsworth is used for pencils;

FORESTRY-CEOLOGICAL REVIEW

most of it is ground to minus 200 mesh rubber. It is used in mofing-paper manuand bagged for shipment for use in the facture as a filler and for dusting to prerubber, roofing, bleachery, foundery, and vent sticking of rolled paper. Wire-insu-

GEORGIA MINERAL SOCIETY HAS AN-

other trades.

lating and pipe-covering compounds con-

NUAL MEETING

The talc deposits of Fannin and Gilmer tain talc. The rope and twine manufactur-

counties, which have been mined to a very er, the boot, shoe, and glove manufacturer; The annual meeting of the Georgia Min~

limited extent, are associated with marble the sugar refiner; the manufacturer of eral Society was held in Atlanta on Mon.

and are a southern extension of the talc cork, soap, filters, lubricants, wall plaster, day, October 26. The retiring president

deposits near Murphy, North Carolina. cleaners, and polishers all have a use for Professor John L. Daniel, of the GeorgU:

The talc has resulted from the hydration talc. The fact that tal_c is used by the can- 1 School of Technology, made the following

of metamorphosed siliceous limestone con- dy-man to dust chewmg gum to prevent remarks which seem to synthesize the broad

taining calcium and magnesium silicates. sticking and is also used by the veterinary outlook which the Mineral Society has had

The deposits differ from those at Fort surgeon to dust wounds and sores and for since its organization two years ago.

Mountain in being spotty and discontinu- treating skin diseases of cattle is a good "The purpose of this Society, as set out

ous. The mineral here contains less iron, illustration of the variety of uses to which by our constitution, is primarily the dis-

however, and is therefore of a better grade than the talc of the Chatsworth region. It

this mineral is put. As a dusting agent and as a filler, talc must compete with other

cussion of matters especially those of

relating to minerals Georgia. The mee~

seems possible that more extensive pros- finely ground minerals such as sericite, ings are arranged so that members may

pecting may reveal deposits in this area mined in Pickens County, and chlorite, have a means for exchange of ideas, opin.

which can be profitably mined. The most mined in Cherokee County. For some uses ions and experiences. Indirectly the So.

promising deposits are in Fannin County, finely ground micaceous minerals are pre- ciety sets out to stimulate general inter-

1.5 miles northeast of Mineral Bluff; 3.5 ferred because of their flaky form. Talc est in minerals. Having now reached our

miles northeast of Mineral Bluff; 3.5 miles also competes with whiting, mined in Pick- second birthday and perhaps consumed a

southwest of Blue Ridge, on the Fannin- ens County, and kaolin, mined in Wilkinson part of our stored up energies, it is well to

Gilmer county line; in Cherokee County, and Twiggs counties.

pause and evaluate the accomplishments of

2.5 miles west of Ball Ground, on Sharp "Lava" is a trade name for material the Society to date. The programs ar.

Mountain Creek.

made from ground talc which is moulded ranged for our monthly meetings have been

Talc produced in the United States is into desired shapes and baked at high tern- interesting and instructive. Although they

us'ed in the following trades, listed in the perature. Lava is also made from talc- have dealt with technical and semi-techni

order of amount consumed: paper, paint, rock which can be easily tooled before bak- cal subjects, they have been given in Ian-

prepared roofing, rubber, textiles, toilet ing. The fired product is a hard white en- guage simple enough for all to understand.

powders, and ceramics. In the paper trade amel which is strong, has high heat-shock Speakers have included men from such dis.

talc must be free from grit, oversize par- resistance, and high dielectric strength. tant points as New Jersey, Minnesota, and

ticles, alkalies, and carbonates, and must It is used mainly for gas-burner tips but California. The field trips have yielded tan

have a pure white color. Talc has been it is also adapted for use in electrical in- gible results in the form of fine specimen!!,

shown to have greater retention on paper sulating, spark-plug porcelains, and so on. and new minerals for the State, as well as

than clays, but because high-grade kaolins Many other ceramic uses for talc have re- giving many happy and healthful outings at

can be produced cheaply in Georgia, talc cently been developed, although at the almost no cost. These field trips take the

is used mainly for special papers. It is the present time pyrophylite, which is exten- members into mining regions of the State

only mineral which helps to produce the sively mined in North Carolina, is more and they thus obtain some knowledge of

appearance of rag paper in silk papers commonly used. Sagger and whiteware the State's resources, both material and

made from wood pulp. Talc also gives bodies are said. to be improved by the ad- aesthetic, that might otherwise never be ac-

a perfect flatness not obtainable by any dition of talc to the mix. The U. S. Bureau quired.

other mineral. Most of the talc used in of mines have recently noted that"the prop- "With so many evidences of value of the

the paper trade is obtained from New York, erties of. ceramic materials containing talc organization, we look boldly to the future

Vermont, and California.

as their principle ingredient are such that with the determined purpose to see that we

they have led to the wide use of these mix- continue to grow and become firmly estabTalc was first used in paint as an adult- tures for low-loss dielectrics, high electric lished as one of the important semi-scien-

erant but is now regarded as a beneficial resistance at high temperatures, and high tific societies of the State. The primary ingredient in some classes of paint. The mechanical strength in such articles as line aim of the organization in the immediate

talc must be ground to pass a 300 or 350 insulators and spark plugs."

future should be to establish its position

mesh screen and is generally air-floated to insure uniformity of grain-size. Some fire-

Talc-rock or soapstgne is used for making crayons and pencils. Most of the talc

and to continue the activities already begun. There may be a place in the State

proof paints are called asbestiform, but pencils used in the United States are made for one or two branch groups. If interest

talc and not asbestos, is the preferred min- in Georgia. Soapstone is used for fire is manifested in any section, it should be

eral not

constitutent. satisfactory

Georgia talc, although for the paper trade,

bricks and blocks, and for molds in the manufacture of glass bottles and other

encouraged. There is a place for a Junior group in almost every school in the State.

should be well adapted for use in glass-ware. Soapstone slabs are used for The effort to organize such groups, as have

paint if a uniformly high-grade product electric switchboards and base plates, for already been established in two Atlanta

can be obtained. Although pyrite and mag- acid-proof laboratory tables, sinks, hoods, schools, should be conservatively pushed.

netite are removed in air separation, some and tanks, and for other purposes where a The parent society should encourage its

chlorite will remain in the refined product, resistant, insulating sheet is required.

members to speak to school members on

but this should probably not prove to be Below is a list of references on talc:

minerals and their importance whenever

objectionable. The principle requirement Hopkins, 0. B., Asbestos, talc, and soap- the opportunity arises. The work of pre-

is that the little particles of talc be in stone deposits of Georgia: Georgia Geol. paring a catalog of Georgia Minerals is well

scale-like form so as to give the paint body Survey Bull. 29, 1914.

started and should be pushed to comple-

and flatness.

Ladoo, R. B., Talc and soapstone: U. S. tion."

Georgia talc is used in the rubber trade Bureau of Mines Bull. 213, 1923.

Lane Mitchell, Secretary, reported that .

for dusting and as a filler. It can also be Kiessling, 0. E., Minerals yearbook, 19- the Society has grown, since its organiza-

used as a packing material for rubber prod- 35, U. S. Bureau of Mines, pp. 1069-1081, tion by six or seven enthusiasts, to an act-

ucts and as a protective coating for crude 1935.

ive membership of forty-nine.