Forestry-geological review [Aug. 1935]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 5

ATLANTA, GA., AUGUST, 1935

No.8

ALEXANDER STEPHENS

Among those who spoke at the dedica- NAVAL STORES SURVEY

PARK IS DEDICATED don of the park were: State Senator W. M.
Lester of Augusta; Charles D. Redwine, of

SOUTHWEST GEORGIA

Several hundred Georgians gathered on the lawn at Liberty Hall July 18 to dedicate the Stephens Memorial Park and to honor

F'ayetteville, president of the senate; Judge and Mrs. Horace M. Holden of Atlanta R. B. McWhorter and F. G. Mitchell, Sr. '

Twenty-two Counties Contain More than Two Million Acres Classified

one of Georgia's most distinguished sons, Leaders in the movement to restore and as Naval Stores Land According

who, handicapped in many ways, became beautify the grounds and the dwelling to U. S. Forest Service Survey

vice president of the Confederacy and gov- house were introduced, and included: Mrs.

ernor of this state.
Through the combined efforts of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the State Department of Forestry and Geological Development and the federal govern-

M. E. Judd, Dalton; Mrs. T. W. Reed, Athens; Hawes Cloud, Crawfordville, who made the address of welcome; J. M. Mallory, Savannah, and State Forester B. M. Lufburrow.

Unit No. 2 of the U. S. Forest. Service survey, embracing Dooly, Wilcox, Crisp, Ben Hill, Worth, Turner, Irwin, Tift, Berrien, Cook, Colquitt, Lanier, Lowndes, Brooks, Thomas, Grady, Mitchell, Baker,

ment, through the civilian conservation corps "Liberty Hall", the home of Alexander Stephens has been restored to its former beauty. It was formally dedicated as a Southern Shrine on July 18.
Judge Manning J. Yeomans, State Attorney-General, made the principal address. Judge Yeomans spoke in the place of Governor Eugene Talmadge, who was prevented by official business from being present.

Stephens Memorial Park covers approximately 200 acres in Taliaferro county and has been improved by a CCC camp under the direction of the State Department of Forestry and Geological Development. Mr. Stephens' home, known as Liberty Hall, occupies a prominent place in the park, and on the lawn in front of the house is a monument to Stephens and his grave is at the foot of the monument.

Decatur, Seminole, Miller and Early counties, containing 5,586,000 acres, has 3,020,400 acres of forest land, according to a survey made by the U. S. Forest Service which made a survey of the area last year and recently issued a preliminary report on the same.
More than two million acres, or approximately 78 per cent of the forest area, bear sufficient quantity of turpentine timber to

In his statements, Judge Yeomans prais-

classify it as naval stores land. The total

. ed the distinguished Georgian very highly as a leader and a statesman, characterized

"WHO'S

WHO

IN

THE

SOUTH"

number of turpentine trees is more than 120 million, of which 80 million, or approxi-

him as a man who stood for the things that were for the betterment of his state and her people-always being very positive in his statements and determined in carrying out what he believed for the best of the state as a whole.

A Business, Profession~,[ and Social record of men and women of achievement in the
Southern States. 1927
Published Biennially By

mately two-thirds, are round and between 3 and 8.9 inches in diameter.
The total number of working trees during 1934-35 was 13,695,000. The total working cups was 14,580,000. The total virgin cups 4,103,000, an increase of more

"Stephens, when he attended the Uni- The Mayflower Publishing Company, Inc. than half a million over the previous year,

versity of Georgia, roomed with Crawford

Washington, D. C.

and more than three m11lion over 1932-33.

W. Long. These two young men in later life became two of the nation's most distinguished sons", Judge Yeomans said.
"Stephens was the first and only vice president of the Southern Confederacy, a member of Congress and Governor of Georgia. Long became the discoverer of ether as an anaesthetic."

STONE, Bonnell Harold-Forester. Born at Oxford, Ga., December 3, 1887. Son of Harry Harlan and Susie (Bonnell) Stone. Ed: Palmer-Stone H. S., Oxford, Ga., 1902; Emory Col., 1908; U. of Ga. Forestry Sch., 1913. Forest Examiner, U. S. Forest Service, 1911-12; Pvt. Forester, Agt., Pfister and Vogel Land Co., Blair~ville, Ga., 1913

In this area are 126 stills: The bulk of the crude gum, or 86.3 per cent, used by the stills comes from leased land. The average production per crop in 1933-34 was approximately 48 barrels.
The number of operations was 461, with 13,334 cups. The operators classed as "'Gum ptoducer-Eeller" has 325 operations;

At the beginning of the ceremonies, Miss - ; Rep., Union Co., Gen. Assembly of Ga., those classed as "Operators", 86 operations;

Isabel Allen of Social Circle presented a 1925-26; Auth., Ga. Forestry Act, 1925, "operator and gum buyer", 25; "gum pro-

bench in behalf of the Children of the Con- point-auth., 2 gasaline tax laws. Mem: ducer-shipper", 10; "operator, gum buyer,

federacy in honor of Miss Mildred Ruther- Exec. Com., So. Forestry Cong (ex-Pres.,); operator, gum buyer and custom distiller",

ford, of Athens, and Alexander H. ens.

Steph-

Chmn., Exec. Com., Sec., Ga. Forestry Assn.

8; "operator and farmer", 7.

Independent Order of Hoo Hoo; W. 0. W.;

Speakers at the bench dedication were: I. 0. 0. F.; Kappa-Alpha; A. A. 0. N. M.S. A bill proposing to place the state forest

Mrs. Frank Dennis of Eatonton; Mrs. N. M. Church: Methodist Episcopal, So., Married service of Ohio under the Agricultural Ex-

Jordan of Tennille; Miss Mary Godwin of Edna Ausland. Children: Edna Mildred periment Station has been defeated. The

Social Circle; Miss Rose Walker Mayne, of (11); Bonnell Harold, Jr. (9); Edward Society of American Foresters was active

Athens and T. Guy Woolford, of Atlanta. Morton (7) . Home: Blairsville, Ga.

in opposing the measure.

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND
GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Agronomy and American Botanical Society and was active for several years in the Southern Agricultural Workers Association and various agricultural societies in the south.

CLAUDE E. BOGGS, OF DAWSONVILLE, APPOINTED EDUCATIONAL MANAGER
The appointment of Mr. Claude E. Boggs
of Dawsonville, Ga., as educational manager

State Capitol, Atlanta

Mr. Whittle is a constant contributor of for the Department of Forestry and Geo-

CLAUDE E. BOGGS, EDITOR

news items and articles to leading forestry logical Development, effective July 15, is and agricultural publications, on current announced by State Forester B. M. Lufbur-

Forestry Division

subjects.

row. Mr. Boggs succeeds Mr. C. A. Whit-

He has written a number of pamphlets tle, resigned.

B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester and Secretary of Commission .Atlanta
Claude E. Boggs, Educational Mgr. Atlanta

and bulletins on scientific subjects, among them being a bulletin entitled "Plant Food

For 4 years Mr. Boggs has held an important post with the state educational de-

H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester, Atlanta and Soil Management" to accompany a set partment, as principal of the Dawsonville

T. P. Hursey, Dist Forester__________________ Rome of charts of the same title. More than a High School and teacher of vocational ag-

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester______Gainesville S. L. McCrary, Dist. Forester, _______Augusta
W. G. Wallace, District Forester..Columbus Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester____ Savannah

million copies of this bulletin were used by vocational agricultural teachers and students of the south as a text, and about 2,-

riculture. He is secretary of the vocational teachers association for the fourth district; also F. F. A. adviser for this district. Here-

R. D. Franklin, Dist. Forester______Waycross 000 sets of the charts were distributed. He ceived his B.S.A. degree from the Univer-

H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester____Albany has written a number of bulletins and leaf- sity of Georgia in 1929, and is well quali-

Mrs. N. N. Edwards, Secretary______Atlanta Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Treasurer______Atlanta

lets on forestry subjects which are in constant demand, it being impossible to sup-

fied for the position of educational manager.

ply all requests.

Geological Division

For over six years Mr. Whittle has been

R. W. Smith, State Geologist___________ Atlanta with the Department of Forestry and Geo-

COSTS OF HARVESTING

G. W. Cric_k__m___a_y__,___A___s_s__t_.___S__t_a__t_e____G___e_o__l_o__g_Aisttl,anta Lane Mitchell, Asst. State GeoL__Atlanta Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk______________Atlanta
MR. WHITTLE RESIGNS POST OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGER TO GO WITH SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE
The resignation of Mr. C. A. Whittle as educational manager of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development is announced by State Forester B. M. Lufburrow. Mr. Whittle resigned July 1 to accept the position of assistant director of Soil Conservation Service in Georgia, with

logical Development, serving in the capacity of educational manager. To him is due much of the credit for the educational program carried on by the department.
On the day of his last association with the department, the employees of the Forestry Division, the Geology Division, the ECW employees and the Park Service presented Mr. Whittle with a small token of their esteem. This was a club bag and a fitted case of toiletries.
The best wishes of every member of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development go with Mr. Whittle in his new field.

PULPWOOD
Studies have been made by the Southern Forest Experiment Station to determine the average cost of harvesting longleaf pines 6 to 14 inches in diameter for pulpwood where there was a mixture of round and worked out turpentine trees.
The time required to cut a cord (160 cubic feet) of round wood pulpwood bolts five feet long, averaged 6.6 man-hours for trees 6 inches in diameter (DBH) to 4 man hours for trees 14 inches in diameter.
For turpentine timber, the time for harvesting 6 inch diameter trees is 7.4 manhours; for 14 inch diameter trees, 4.2 man-

headquarters at Athens. His resignation

hours.

was accepted with keen regret not only be- SMALL TURPENTINED TREES

Based on average hourly cost to the con-

cause of his constructive work with the

SUFFER HIGH MORTALITY tractor of $0.156 per man (including labor,

department as director of education in co- Investigations made in Georgia by the tools, supervision) it cost $1.04 to cut one

operation with the vocational agricultural Southern F orest E xpenment Sta t"IOn revea1 long cord from round trees 6 inches in dischools of the state; and as editor of thi!l a high rate of mortality for trees of ameter and 62 cents per round tree 14

publication, but because of his genial and lovable personality, his interest in all the
activities of the department and the high esteem in which he is held by every member of the department.
Mr. Whittle's experience and knowledge

smaller d"Iamet ers compared t o those of large diameters, when chipped.
In the flatwoods, trees 7 inches in diameter (8 feet from the ground) the mortality of longleaf pine was 10.5 per cent;

inches in diameter. Turpentined trees cost $1.16 and 66 cents according to the two diameter classes.
The cost of trucking the wood 26 miles was placed at $2.68 per long cord.

covers many different phases of education- slash pine 10 per cent. For trees 8 inches

al work and publicity. Reared on a Tennessee farm, he was graduated from the Uni-

in diameter, longleaf mortality was 5.8 per cent, slash 2.5. For 9 inch diameter trees,

RELATIVE RATE OF GROWTH SLASH, LOBLOLLY, LONGLEAF

versity of Tennessee, where he studied ag- longleaf 2.9 per cent, slash 1.3 per cent;

riculture. He entered the newspaper field 10 inch diameter, longleaf 1.2 per cent, slash On an area of ten year old planted pines

and worked up to editorial writer; later on 0.7 per cent; 11 inch diameter, longleaf 0.4 at Bogalusa, Louisiana, measurements re-

he became agricultural editor for the Geor- per cent, slash 0.5 per cent; 12 inch di- ported by the Southern Forest Experiment

gia State College of Agriculture, then man- ameter, longleaf 0.1 per cent, slash 0.4. Station show that slash pine leads in height

aging editor for the Soil Improvement It is noticeable that longleaf suffered growth, and loblolly in diameter growth.

Committee of the Southern Fertilizer Asso- greater mortality for all diameter classes The height record in feet is as follows:

ciation. While holding this latter position, below 10 inches than slash.

longleaf 25.5; slash, 37.4; loblolly, 28.6.

he edited Commercial Fertilizer.

Dry facing, or the cessation of gum flow, The diameter measurements 4lh feet

Mr. Whittle has been president of the was found to be greater on small diameter from the ground are as follows: longleaf, American Agricultural College Editors As- trees. For slash pine 7 inches in diameter 5.2 inches; slash, 7 inches; loblolly, 7.2 sociation; fellow of the American Society the percentage of dry facing was 10.6 per inches.

for the Advancement of Science; is a char- cent; 9 inch diameter 2.8 per cent; 11 inch The trees are among 10,000 on a 12-acre

ter member of the International Soil Insti- diameter 1 per cent; 13 inch diameter 0.1 tract. No attempt has been made to record

tute, a member of the American Society of . per cent.

the general average of height and diameter.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

FOWLER PLANTATION MECCA OF FOREST

I TRAINING LOCAL MEN IN

APPALACHIAN TRAIL CON-

TIMBER STAND IMPROVEMENT

FERENCE

CARPET GRASS ENTHUSIASTS Timber stand improvement on 8,626 The seventh annual Appalachian Trail

An evidence that south Georgians are acres in the Ozark National Forest, con- Conference was held June 22-23 at Skyland

very much interested in supplanting wire ducted by foresters and CCC men, was used in the Shennandoah National Park, Vir-

grass with carpet grass in forested areas, as an opportunity to give local men train- ginia.

is the delegations of timberland owners ing in the procedure. A few local men Warner W. Hall, Decatur, president of

who have treked to the plantation of James were taken on each day. It was found the Georgia Appalachian Trail Club, was

Fowler at Soperton in Treutlen county. that it took th1ee weeks to get a crew of on the program; also Joseph C. Kircher,

In 1931 Mr. Fowler began sowing carpet 32 men well trained for the work. The local regional forester of the U. S. Forest Ser-

irrass on his forest firebreaks and in his for- trained men can be drawn upon for future vice, Atlanta.

ests, and has found that native carpet forest improvement work.

grass comes in where wire grass and sedge The average cost of treating hardwood Private Forestry in South

grass are removed.

thickets 8 to 15 feet high and 1 to 4 inches

Makes Remarkable Progress

Among the results of his experiments, in diameter, breast high, typical of the area, A. E. Wackerman, division forester of

it is found that carpet grass does not grow was placed at $3.24 per acre. This was the Southern Pine Association, says in the

on loose land such as exists on plowed fire- based on allowing the forester $1.00 an May issue of Forestry News Digest, in dis-

breaks. To overcome this handicap, Mr. hour; labor 40 cents an hour. The average cussing forestry on privately owned lands:

Fowler has fallen upon the plan of sowing rye on the firebreaks and then inviting everybody to turn the cattle on the rye to graze. In grazing, the cattle tramp the ground thoroughly, providing an ideal condition for carpet grass to start and grow on clean soil without competition.
Mr. Fowler has a pioneering habit. It was he who in 1925 began large scale planting of slash pine and provided the first in. formation on what pines would do when so

acre cost was divided as follows: 38 cents supervision, $2.71 for labor of cutting; 13 cents for transportation. The cost per acre of the final month, when training the crews was not involved, was $2.62.
DUST STORMS NOT NEW OCCOR IN OTHER' LANDS
Such dust storms as have recently occurred in this country have occurred before and occur from time to time in other coun-

"Probably at least 20,000,000 acres in the southern pine region is now under forest management, far exceeding the minimum requirements of our rules of forest practice. To me, what has been accomplished by the lumber industry in sustained yield and improved forest management generally, is truly remarkable and especially so in the face of a passive and tardy interest on the part of the public."

planted. The results were so phenominal tries, according to the U. S. Weather Bu- Aphid Damage Abetted by

that Mr. Fowler gained national promi- reau.

Honey-Dew Hungry Ants

nence. It was from his 7 year old pine In 1928 a dust storm in southern Ukraine, Attention of the Georgia Forest Service

plantation that the first paper was made Russia, created such dense clouds as to turn has been called to unusual aphid damage

from 7-year-old trees.

day into night, and it is estimated that this season. Leaves on many trees have

Without any publicity Mr. Fowler went 15,000,000,000 tons of soil were carried curled up and died under aphid attacks.

about his carpet grass experiments, and away.

Abundance of aphids means a generous

now that so much is being said on the sub- In 1901, storms in desert regions of Al- amount of honey dew for ants. Certain

ject, it develops that he has something of geria in north Africa carried dust as far species of aphids that spend part of their

value to offer out of his several years' ex- as 2,500 miles over Europe.

life under ground are wards of ants. The

- perience. -----------------
MASTODON REMAINS FOUND AT SAVANNAH
A party of FERA workers digging a
drainage ditch in the Sackville section of
Savannah early in June uncovered a num-
ber of fossilized bones and a complete tooth
seven and a half inches long and three and

In 1902, a dust storm swept nearly the ants take upon themselves the transportawhole of Australia, obscured the sun and tion of aphids from one place to another carried some of the dust as far as New when the aphids are in need of food. Ants

Zealand.

have been observed to caress the aphids to

Associated with dust storms in this and induce them to excreet honey dew. Because
I other countries are electrical displays in of the dependence of the ant on the pro-

the form of "fire balls."

ducers of honey dew, the aphid has long

Private Owners Succeeding

been designated the "ant's cow."

a half inches wide. Through the efforts

County-Wide Survey Shows

of W. G. McNaughton and William Allen, The May issue of the Forestry News Di-

of the Herty Laboratory, and J. M. Mal- gest is devoted largely to a review of ac-

MOLD ON "HEELED IN" SEEDLINGS

lory, of the State Commission of Forestry complishments of private land owners As a result of "heeling in" black locust

and Geology, these bones were sent to State throughout the country. The review is not seedlings in heavy soils that tend to water-

Geologist Richard W. Smith for identifi- complete, but recounts many cases. For log, previous to planting, H. C. Maginnis of

cation. Mr. Smith identified these as re- instance, no reference is made to a large the Southern Forest Experiment Station,

mains of a mastodon, an extinct relative number of large forest holdings in Georgia found that 50 per cent of the seedlings had

of the modern elephant that roamed the where forestry has been practiced for many to be thrown away because of a mold that

eastern United States in Pleistocene times years.

attacked the roots.

when the northern part of the continent The instances reported are, however, a Seedlings kept in well drained sandy soils

was covered with glaciers.

refutation of the often repeated statement escaped the trouble.

Through the co-operation of the Chatham that private forestry has failed. Numerous

County Relief Administration and Mayor among the cases cited are lumber com- Pennsylvania Forest Tax

Thomas Gamble, a project has been started panies, the class often referred to as de-

Law Unconstitutional

to search for more of these interesting re- vastators, or ruin-and-run saw millers. The Pennsylvania forest law setting up

mains. The work started June 18 under These are proceeding very intelligently to- "auxiliary forest reserves," taxable at $1.00

the direction of Lane Mitchell, Assistant ward sustained yields and continuous oper- per acre and a yield tax on harvested pro-

State Geologist. Any further remains dis- ations.

ducts of 10 per cent, has been declared un-

covered will be studied and then housed in In the issue State Forester Lufburrow constitutional, on the ground that the con-

some local museum or the State Museum in makes a plea for greater aid for the pri- stitution requires a uniform system of taxa-

Atlanta.

vate land owner and a better chance.

tion.

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

SEARCH FOR GOLD IS

doing too. Requests come in for camps to be RESOLUTION PASSED BY THE

REASON GIVEN FOR

established in various localities, some re- COMMISSION OF FORESTRY

DESIRING CCC CAMP questing that the boys may clean off the AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPcemeteries; but this is another kind of work MENT AT QUARTERLY MEET-

Robert Louis Stevenson's tales of the that is out of line with the forestry pro- ING JULY 11, 1935

search for gold on Treasure Island would gram.

really come true for a group of CCC boys, if a camp was established in the area proposed by one of Georgia's citizens in a recent letter received by the state forester.

Still others request that camps be established in their communities because there are good springs located in the area, or because there are excellent drainage facilities,

In the death of Mr. Bonnell Stone, which occurred at his home at Oxford, on May 25, 1935, Georgia has lost a loyal and useful citizen, and the cause of forestry a pioneer

Among the many requests which the and for many other reasons. They do not who was a constant and devoted advocate

state forester has received for the erection stipulate any particular kind of work they of the best forest practices.

of CCC camps in various localities of the would like to have done in their respective It was largely through his efforts that

state, is a letter from a Georgian who tells communities.

the Georgia Forest Service was established.

in minute detail of two tracts of land on Unfortunately, there is nothing to be The Southern Forestry Conference honored

which $35,000 in gold is buried.

done about these many requests. There are Mr. Stone with the presidency of the organ-

The writer of the letter says that he definite regulations which control the erec- ization and he was the founder of the Geor-

doesn't "no how they (CCC camps) are put tion of these camps in the state. They defi- gia Forestry Association, which he served

on, whether land is purchased by the gov- nitely state that camps must be located on as president, chairman of the executive

ernment", but that the section he names land that is in a timber protective organi- committee and secretary.

l'had as fine timber as ever grown any zation which is cooperating with the state Vogel State Park at Neel Gap was do-

where in any section and I think it would Forestry Department in forest fire control. nated to the state through his influence,

be a best adopted for it again for a refores- No other camp site can be recommended ex- which led him to vision a statewide park

tation camp."

cept one located in the bound of such an system.

A friend of the letter's author, it seems, organization.

He was a member of the State Forestry

sold two lots of timber to a large lumber company, for which he received a total of $35,000 in gold coin. The gold coin he "berried in one of these tracts of land of 490 acres." The writer of this letter then says that he bought the timber of 140 acres from his friend in 1905 but was allowed to pay in bills or either in silver or gold.

There are specific laws which regulate the kind of work these camps can do. Cleaning cemeteries and searching for buried gold are unfortunately not included in the list. Otherwise, the Department of Forestry might assist in discovering the lost riches of a past generation.

Board for several years where his knowledge, experience and enthusiasm contributed much to the plans and deliberations of the board.
Over a period of years the members of this Commission enjoyed the association and treasured the friendship of Mr. Stone.
Resolved: That we mourn the untimely

According to the gentleman, "Records

passing of our colleague and extend to Mrs.

will show the reason Mr.-- demanded

VOCATIONAL FORESTRY

Stone and the other members of the family

gold for his pine timber was a turpentine

CAMP

our sincere sympathy.

company least these pine tracts at first and

Resolved: That the secretary be instruc-

paid Mr.-- large sume of money and he berried it and it roted (rotted). So when the turpentine lease run out and the lumber

As this issue of the Review goes to press, the vocational forestry camp is gathering for its annual session. The camp is being

ted to forward to Mrs. Stone a copy of this tribute and that it be spread on the records of this Commission.

co. went to buy his timber, he told them the only way they could get it was to bring him the money in gold & they did, $20,000.00 for first tract and $15,000.00 for 2nd tract and he bered it and its never been found so

held at North Georgia College, Dahlonega, 'and an attendance of 110 boys besides teachers is expected. The September issue of the Review will carry further details.

MRS. JUDD MEMiB'ER OF COMMISSION PAYS TRIBUTE TO BONNELL STONE

to kill to birds with one stone I think it be a fine place for a CC Camp & while working reforesting the money could be found."
The gentleman who sold the timber has since died, according to the letter, and the gold remains in the land. It seems that the old fellow "never made a dollar. It just growed on him," according to the information sent to Mr. Lufburrow. "He said he paid $25.00 for one tract of 490 acres, and give a water berry watch for 490 acres and he give a old single-barreled shot gun for 490 acres way back when land was cheap and with all this find pine timber on it

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT PLANS NEW FOREST LAW PROGRAM
Legislation Covering 15 Years Suggested in Letter to Sen. Fletcher
A forestry legislative program for the nation that looks ahead 15 years is in the making. President Roosevelt has outlined his idea to Senator Duncan U. Fletcher of Florida.
The president wants to provide for public

In paying a tribute to Bonnell Stone, which I consider it a privilege to do, I am going to confine my comment to just a few
words of appreciation. I think I never knew a man who was
more unselfish that Bonnell Stone. His loyalty and love for his state, his wonderful vision as to the value of forestry, his appreciation of the advantages of state parks, carried him too far in his devotion to these things, for it literally took his life, inasmuch as he neglected his own health repeatedly to do for the state.
Having worked with Bonnell Stone for

that got to valuable, and the owner said acquisition of forest lands for the shelter fifteen years, I knew him well. His nick-

the woods was full of deer when he locat- belt and for unemployment relief in making name for me was "Pard", and I shall al-

ed there and he killed a many one and he public forests fully productive.

ways appreciate the knowledge I gained

had a outhouse of deer horns and lots of In replying to a letter of inquiry from from that friendly association with such a

old relics."

Senator Fletcher, President Roosevelt fine spirit.

It is not possible for the CCC boys to writes that he "hopes for a rounding out of I am saying to Mrs. Stone that in my

satisfy their thirst for adventure by hunt- existing .legislation supplemented by new memories of Bonnell, I shall always strive

ing for adventure by hunting Georgia's provisions and altogether something which to follow to the goal set by Bonnell in his

buried gold, because the law says "No" em- will supply an organic basis, so. far as we vision for the splendid things for Georgia

phatically. There are lots of other things can now Jo.resee it, for the next 10 to 15 which he hoped would come to pass.-Mrs.

that the CCC camps are prohibited from years."

1 M. E. Judd.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

mary breaks into truck trails is well under

SIXTH DISTRICT
Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester

EIGHTH DISTRICT
H. D. Story, Jr., Diat. Forester

way. Objective is construction of adequate system of communication and transporta tion by next fire season.

Savannah

Albany

DISTRICT FORESTER BEALE

CANOOCHEE RIVER T. P. 0.

Matters a1e progressing smoothly at the

ACCEPTS GOVERNMENT JOB

Albany Nursery, are noticeable in

although the seed

some casualties bed due to sun

1R .
eyslgns

p t os

at

W aycroas,

after

six

Early in July, a meeting of members of scorch, caused by extremely dry weather

ears.

the old Emanuel County TPO was held in Swainsboro and the TPO reorganized and is now operating under the name of Canoochee River Timber Protective Organization, protecting lands in Emanuel and Candler Counties.
A Board of Directors was appointed to manage the business affairs of the organization and includes the following men, who are all TPO members:
Mr. C. I. Hall-Swainsboro Mr. J. W. Stephenson-Swainsboro Mr. E. B. Lamb-Midville Mr. B. Lewis Brinson-Swainsboro Mr. Leon Ehrlich-Swainsboro

and hot days. The walls of the 30,000 gallon storage
tank being constructed at the Nursery with FERA labor furnished by the District Office, have been poured in good shape and as soon as these walls have had time to season the bottom will be poured.
The installation of this ground reservoir will greatly improve the irrigation system previously installed which has proven inadequate for our present needs due to the increased acreage of seed beds taken in this year in an effort to meet the everincreasing demand of the state for planting stock.

C. Bernard Beale, district forester with the Georgia Forest Service, located at Waycross, Ga., has resigned after six years work to accept a position with the Federal Soil Conservation Service. Mr. Beale's headquarters will be Athens, Ga., where he will be the forestry expert for a soil eros ion camp.
Under Mr. Beale's administration as district forester, there has been a remarkable growth in timber protective organizations, a total of 2,125,000 acres in his district being under organized protection.
Mr. Beale has done outstanding work in coordinating the work of the timberland

At this meeting a full time TPO Man- The increasing interest in artificial re- owners, the timber protective organizations

ager was employed to work the year around forestation by the land owners of the state and the CCC camps.

and take charge of all TPO work and man- is evidenced by the number of orders that

age the protective system, including the signing of new members, collecting assessments and supervising work of Lookouts and Patrolmen. The Canoochee River TPO is using a three tower detection system at present, the towers being purchased by the TPO. In the near future, one additional tower will be constructed.

are arriving daily, which to date greatly exceed the total sales of last year.
Wonderful co-operation has been given the Department through the local FERA office, who has assisted in several projects at the Albany Nursery.
The camp site has been cleared, build-

INTERESTING FOREST FACTS
It is estimated that thousands of tree branches are used yearly to punish naughty children.
(Editor's note:-This used to be the case, but correcting children has long since gone out of style.)

,ings staked and well bored on the site of The annual rings of growth in a tree will

NEW T. P. 0. MANAGER

the Lanier County camp to be constructed not only tell the tree expert the exact age and occupied sometime in the near future. of the tree, but will also show him whether

The Liberty-Long Timber Protective Organization, covering lands in Liberty, Long and part of Mcintosh Counties, have a new manager who started to work on July 1st.
Perry W. Gordon replaced R. E. Banks as Liberty-Long TPO Manager and is doing some very fine work. Mr. Gordon is a native of this section and is familiar with TPO 1wo,rk, having slpent two years at Camp 'P-53, Hinesville, as a Local Experienced Man. The TPO acreage and treasury balance has increased quite a bit since Mr. Gordon started work.
OGEECHEE T. P. 0.
The Ogeechee TPO, covering land in Bryan, Chatham and Effingham Counties recently put on a full time TPO Manager, Mr. Perry Hubbard. Mr. Hubbard will take

L6nier County is very much interested in the protection problem and Mr. Tom Murray has been selected as full-time secretary of the Grand Bay T. P. 0. of this county. Mr. Murray has been at work for several weeks getting the organization's business in shape and he is of the opinion that things will work along in smooth order.
The Berrien County T. P. 0. of Berrien County has recently employed Mr. C. E. McMillan, of Alapaha, Georgia, as Secretary of the organization and everything seems to indicate that business matters of this organization will be in good shape by the time active work is begun on the land listed for protection.
The camp site has been cleared, buildings staked, and the well bored on the site to be occupied by a company of approximately 200 men which are expected in the near

each year was dry, wet, or partially so. Without knowing in advance, the expert tree ring reader can tell about the section of a country in which that tree grew. Thus trees record history.
Many trees give forth musical and singing sounds, which make them, under the influence of wind effects, seem to have a human side. For example, the oleander of Texas, under the influence of light breezes, plays and sings all night. The trembling aspen sounds like tinkling bells. The Chinese umbrella tree is called the "laughing tree" because of its mirthful sounds. The redwoods seem to roar and bellow, cedars whistle, and mangroves sound as though they were grunting. Elms flop and snap like kettledrums. The banana. trees sound like a bass drum, the catalpa howls, the sasfras whinnies, and the osage orange hisses.

charge of all TPO affairs and has his office future. No actual construction of buildings Wood completely submerged in fresh

in Savannah.

has yet been started.

water-not mud-will not decay easily. The

Mr. Hubbard is hard at work signing up

destroying salt water organism, however,

new land and getting new members for the P-68, Douglas-P-68, Douglas, has com- will decay wood much faster.

organization and we feel that the TPO will pleted two 100 ft. steel lookout towers since

be much better off with Mr. Hubbard as April 8.. The tower crew will be converted

The Service Letter,

Manager, who can spend all of his time into a bridge and culvert crew. Construe

Pennsylvania Dept. of Forests

working for the organization.

tion on telephone lines and converting pri

.and Waters.

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Mineral Development Basic

I An Abstract of Bulletin 46, The Aluminum Ores On Exhibition

To Industrial Progress
Every state in the Union produces, to some extent, minerals. Nobody seems f;o

Geological Survey of Georgia:

Kyanite and Vermiculite Deposits Aluminum ores and products are now on

of Georgia

displaiY in a completely new exhibit in

clearly understand that our industrial I By LOUIS M. PRINDLE AND OTHERS the State Museum in the State Capitol,

prosperity actually rests upon a mineral A survey of the kyanite reserves of Gear- Lane Mitchell, Assistant State Geologist, structure, its healthy condition and its effi- gia conducted during the summer of 1934 announced recently. Large pieces of baux-

cient utilization. There are 3,071 counties by the U. S. Geological Survey in co-opera- ite, the ore of aluminum, together with un-

in the United States, 2,024 of them are tion with the Georgia Division of Geology finished and finished products ranging from

mineral producers. Minerals enter into led to the discovery of wide areas of a kya- kitchen ware, bottle caps, colored foil, col-

practically every phase of our present-day nite-bearing mica schist and isolated areas lapsible tubes, and other well known uses

civilization. Among the industries by-pro- of kyanite in other forms and occurrences to pieces illustrating modern application of

duct to minerals are motion pictures, tableware, kitchen utensils, automobiles, railroad rails and coaches, wire, roofing and building materials, printing, chemicaUs, :plumbing, ink, paints, medicines-in 'fact, practically every phase of human endeavor and every

such as dornicks, placers, and in quartzite. The record of all properties visited for this survey and for previous examination is contained in Bulletin 46 of the Geological Survey of Georgia.
The kyanite is found .in the Piedmont

the metal in structural units, propellors, pistons, and machined parts make up the interesting exhibit. The revision of this portion of the State Museum was made possible by co-operation of the Aluminum Company of America.

phase of human existence, necessity, com- area which is bounded by the Fall Line to

fort and luxury depend upon a mineral the south and the Cartersville Fault to the Steedley, Seymour and Edmondson

base.

northwest. The only areas producing at

In all of its ramifications-mining, refin- the present time are in Habersham County

Vocational Foresters with U.S. F. S. Survey

ing, processing and merchandizing-approx- in northeast Georgia and these prop- Arthur Steedley, Waycross; Harry Sey-.

imately 25,000,000 persons are dependent erties are part of aU-shaped belt extending mour, Bowman; and Clarence Edmondson;

upon minerals for a livelihood. Minerals , over into Rabun County and having an Pavo, three young men of the first group

are capable of producing in a single year overall length of about 30 miles and a width receiving certificates of vocational forester

some seven billions of wealth. They pay of 1,000 feet or more. The average kyanite at the Vocational Forestry School camp of

better than 22 percent of the total Federal of the schists runs about 3 per cent iron Georgia, were accepted as assistant techni-

income and, in addition, pay huge sums for and 3 per cent silica, but the placers yield cians by the U. S. Forest Service in con-

local and state taxation.

a product containing only about 1 per cent ducting a timber survey in the south.

This gigantic enterprise, known as the iron. The Bureau of Mines is conducting They have been with the survey from second largest industry of the United experiments concerning the beneficiation of the first and have worked from Georgia to

States, is probably the most important fac- the schists material and predicts that this Texas. Occasional letters from the three

tor in our industrial life today. Real con- can be recovered and used when there is young foresters reveal that they are enjoy-

sideration should be given to it by state and sufficient demand.

ing the work and learning a lot about prac-

national government. It should be aided and The vermiculite resources of Georgia tical forestry. All three expect to go to colnurtured and should be looked upon as have been only partly examined. The most. lege and get degrees in forestry. something more to be prized than the goose promising deposits are in Towns County,

that laid the golden egg.-The Mining Congress Journal.
June Publication of the U. S. Bureau of Mines of Interest to Georgia
Mineral Producers
3275. Metallurgical Division-Progress Report II. Studies on the recovery of gold and silver, by E. S. Leaver, M. B. Boyer, J. A. Woolf, R. E. Head, B. W. Gandrud, R. E. Evans, and F. W. Thackwell. 65 pp. 10 figs. Includes papers on amalgamation

near the North Carolina line. The bulletin is sent free to interested
parties on receipt of postage by the State Geologist, 425 State Capitol, Atlanta, Ga. The shipping weight is two pounds.
LANE MITCHELL.
A gazetteer of Georgia place names and streams is being compiled from all available maps by Mrs. Ella M. Watkins of the Division of Geology. This information will be most valuable to the general pub-

Squirrels Gnaw Metal Tree Tags
On the Bent Creek experimental forest near Asheville, metal tags have attracted the grey squirrel, which probably considered the shining piece of aluminum a challenge of some sort, tried gnawing them, and much to the confusion of the research workers, have played havoc with the tags. A similar experience is reported from the Central Forest Experiment Station, the red squirrel being identified as the offender.

and cyanidation; amalgamation during fine lic as there has been heretofore little chance

grinding of ores, flotation of gold, effect of of locating isolated places or streams in a

What is a Forester?

sodium sulphide; form and occurrence of gold in pyrite from a metallurgical standpoint--coated gold; investigations on southern gold ores; auriferous black sands of the Pacific coast; flotability of lead and silver jarosites.
Information Circular 6846. Placer mining methods of E. T. Fisher Co., Atlantic

distant part of the state. The work has also resulted in an enlargement of the map library, which is fast becoming the most complete file of Georgia maps available. As no funds are at present available for publishing the gazetteer, information will be furnished to interested parties on request.

In quest of a simple but comprehensive definition of a forester, State Forester B. M. Lufburrow consulted Webster's dictionary to find among other statements, "One who lives in a forest." A more pertinent question than "What is a forester" is "What isn't a forester?" thinks Mr. Lufburrow.

City, Wyo. by Chas. L. Ross and E. D. Gardner. 10 pp. 1 fig. Describes successful placer where about 2,800 cubic yards of gravel are dug daily and washed in movable plant with gold dredge trommel and

A salesman asked a doctor to make a hurry call to a neighboring town. Upon arrival, the salesman asked, "What is your fee?"

When the umpire was leaving the grounds after a game he was approached by an irate fan.
"Where is your dog?" demanded the fan.

standard dredge sluice boxes at a total cost "Three dollars," said the physician, in "Dog?" ejaculated the umpire. "I have-

of about 12 cents per cubic yard.

surprise.

'\ n't any dog."

These may be obtained free of charge "Here you are," said the salesman, "the "The Helya haven't," bawled the fan.

on application to Information Division, U. S. blamed garage keeper wanted to charge :. "You're the only blind man I ever saw who

Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.

me $15.00."

1didn't have a dog."

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

It occurs in areas which have been under

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

water such as the Paleozoic and Coastal Plain regions of Georgia. It is blocky and

Brief Accounts Of Occurences and Developments of the State's Leading Minerals

usually friable and is much used for road material. Chert may have almost any color or combination of colors.

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

(2R) Coal in Georgia is confined to the Lookout Plateau in northwest Georgia.

One large mine and several small ones yield

an excellent light-weight bituminous coal.

GEOLOGICAL MUSEUMS IN GEORGIA
By LANE MITCHELL
The Division of Geology is preparing a

understandable to students. A mineral is a natural inorganic substance of definite chemical composition. A rock is a natural portion of the earth's cruat. Being a varia-

(3R) Copper ore in Georgia is found principally in the Ducktown Basin near the Tennessee line. Several old abandoned mines in this area yielded an ore consisting of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and several silicate

number of museums of Georgia rocks and ble mixture of minerals its chemical com- minerals. The copper was recovered from

minerals for use in schools over the state. position is not definite. Rocks may be furth- the small amount of chalcopyrite present.

Seventy-five specimens, labels and mount- er classified as igneous, sedimentary, or (4R) Diorite is a coarse-grained igneous rock consisting of feldspar and hornblende.
ing blocks are being furnished selected metamorphic. An igneous rock is one form- The Georgia variety has been metamorschools upon compliance with certain con- ed from the solidifying of a molten mass, phosed and is found in many places in the

ditions. A brief description of the specimens either deep beneath the surface of the Crystalline area. Kennesaw mountain is

is 11ttempted in this series of two articles. earth as in granites or at the surface as in largely composed of this rock.

Part one, published in the July number, de- volcanic rocks. A sedimentary rock was (5R) Dunite is a rock consisting mainly

scribed the minerals of the muse11m.

The

formed

by the deposition of rock-forming

of the mineral olivine with chromite. It is found with ultra basic intrusions in the

crystalline area. The rock is a possible

source of olivine for use as a basic refrac-

tory. It is quarried in Rabun county for use as a road material.

(6R) Garnet-chlorite schist occurs ex-

tensively in west central Georgia. Garnets

-

from this source might be recovered for use as abrasives.

- j-IJ"
1----z-----~ 1 - - - - z---~

(7R) Garnet-mica rocks are common forms of the Carolina Gneiss. A rock with large flakes of biotite, garnet and quartz is found extensively over the crystalline

area. The fine grained garnet-sericite-gra-

phite rock known as the Canton schist is found only in the Canton area.

(8R) Gold ore is confined mainly to sev-

eral belts crossing the crystalline area in a northeas~ direction. The gold is found

principally in vein quartz associated with

sulphides such as pyrite, pyrrhotite and ga-

lena. The Dahlonega area is the scene of

the most activity in past and present times.

1

I'~-------- 4'7H ---------~'

(9R) Granites form a prominent part of the crystalline area of Georgia. The Stone

Proposed plan for cabinet to display specimens of rocks and minerals. Two cabinets Mountain, Lithonia and Elberton granites of these dimensions will be required to effectively display the seventy-five specimens are of different age or texture. They are

furnished.

widely used in building, construction, and

monumental work.

rocks and clays are described in the follow- material by streams and oceans. Metamor- (lOR) Graphite schist has been found

ing article. The numbers correspond to those phic rocks are those which have had their in several localities in the crystalline area.

of the specimens and to those on the map original characteristics changed by heat or It has been used as a filler for fertilizer.

published last month. The minerals were pressure or both. They m,ay have been It is not mined at the present time. The

given simple numbers. The rocks were given either igneous or sedimentary before meta- amount of graphite in such schists is usual-

numbers followed by the capital letter R morphosis but the change wrought upon ly small.

and clays and earthy aggregates were given them is sometimes so great that the original (llR) Hornblende or Roan Gneiss is

numbers followed by the capital letter C. nature can no longer be determined. We among the oldest rocks in Georgia. It has

Small letters indicated that specimens were have distinguished clays from rocks merely extensive occurrence throughout crystal-

obtained at more than one source. A series in regard to the popular consideration of line Georgia where it is sometimes quarried

of fossil specimens designated by numbers rocks as something hard and compact. A as a road material. Hornblende, biotite,

followed by the capital letter F. is planned clay is an earthy aggregate having more or quartz and feldspar are the principal min.

for future.

less plasticity when worked with water. erals.

This division of the museums into rocks,

Rocks

(12R) Itacolumite is a flexible sand-

minerals, clays and fossils was made in or- (lR) Chert is a fine grained silica or flint stone. It contains feldspar and mica in ad-

der to make their separate natures more rock formed by replacement of limestone. dition to silica. Its occurrence is wide-

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

spread in the Warm Springs Area and is filtering mineral and vegetable oils and as of every possible assistance the Division of

known in several other places in the crys- plastic agents in ceramic work and foundry Geology submits the plans, illustrated, but

talline area.

mold making. Georgia bentonites are found merely as a suggestion. We do not even

(13R) Hard limestone occurs in Paleo- at the base of Lookout Mountain and in recommend that this cabinet be built in

zoic northwest Georgia and soft limestone the Coastal Plain.

every instance. Perhaps glass inclosed book

in the Coastal Plain. A concretionary fos- (2C) Bleaching clay is the name given shelves in the library or cabinets already

siliferous limestone capable of taking a the clay formerly called Pike's Peak ful- available will be more convenient. If suf-

high polish is quarried near Cuthbert in lers earth. It is a very plastic clay especial- ficient floor space is available, a glass cabi-

Randolph county for sale as "Travertine ly suitable for use in bleaching vegetable net showing specimens from all sides would

Marble." Both hard and soft limestone are oils. This type clay is mined in Twiggs and be ideal. However, most schools will prob-

used in manufacture of cement and agri- Wilkinson counties.

ably desire wall cabinets. The above cabi-

cultural lime.

(3C) Brick clay is found in many dif- net is designed for efficient display of the

(14R) Marble is a crystalline limestone ferent places. The requirements are good mineral and rock specimens. Detailed di-

composed of the mineral calcite. The white firing range, color, and good working prop- mensions may be changed or altered at con-

variety is relatively pure, the "Creole" has erties. The Augusta clay fires to a deep red venience. To display the seventy odd speci-

inclusions of magnetite and the "Etowah" .as shown in .the briquette. The common red mens two cabinets of the above dimen-

has in addition inclusions of hemotite clay of the Piedmont is not a very good sions would be required. If desired, one

which cause a pink color.

brick clay. The alluvial clays underlying cabinet of, twice the length of the above

(15R) Pegmatite is an intrusive rock, swamp areas are usually satisfactory.

and with four glass doors instead of two

similar to granite in composition but hav- (4C) Fullers Earth is mined in large would efficiently hold all of the specimens.

ing a coarse and irregular crystallization of quantities in southwest Georgia for use as It is suggested that adjustable brackets of

its minerals. Feldspar and Quartz are the a bleaching clay for mineral oils. Georgia the cantilever type be used to hold the

essential minerals in the Stone Mountain is a leading producer.

shelves.

pegmatites and black tourmatine and red (5C) Marl is a clay with a high lime

garnet form prominent accessories. Some content. It is sometimes used with success

pegmatites contain commercial deposits of as a natural soil conditioner. It is found

mica and beryl.

extensively in the Coastal Plain. The dark-

(16R) Quartzite is a metamorphosed colored marl from near Louvale is typical

FROM A GEOLOGIST'S

sandstone, but its original sedimentary na- but other colors are known.

NOTEBOOK

ture has been so much altered that it is (6C) Ocher is an impure earthy ore of

often hard to distinguish from weathered iron or a ferruginous clay much used as a

vein quartz. It occurs in several localities, pigment in paints and mortars and as a Mammoth, mastodon, and megatherium

mainly at Pine and Oak mountains in the filler in linoleum. The Georgia mines are bones were recently uncovered in excava-

Warm Springs Area, at Sweat mountain in near Cartersville.

tions made in the Sackville area of Chatham

Cobb county and as the wall rock of the (7C) Primary kaolin is formed in place county near Savannah. Assistant State

Tallulah River Gorge.

by the decomposition of feldspar. Small de- Geologist Lane Mitchell directed the corps

(17R) Sandstone is a sedimentary rock posits are found in a number of places in of FERA workers who uncovered the fos-

common in northwest Georgia and in the the crystalline area. It is of use in ceramic sil remains. The finds were made during the

Coastal Plain. Its color depends on the manufacture.

course of deepening an old drainage ditch

stage of weathering and the impurities (SC) Secondary or sedimentary kaolin parallelling Casey's Canal. The bones were

contained.

is found in the area of the Fall line across stored in Savannah. Messrs. J. M. Mallory,

(18R) Serpentine is a metamorphic rock middle Georgia. The clays were transported W. G. McNaughton, Wm. F'. Allen, and Ivar

consisting mainly of the mineral serpentine. from their original rocks and deposited R. Tompkins constitute a group of Savan-

It is quarried at Holly Springs for use as along the shore of the ancient Cretaceous nah citizens working diligently to find

a green marble, known as verde' antique. sea. The clays are very fine grained and means of properly preserving and display-

(19R) Slate is a metamorphic rock that are used in the paper and ceramic indus- ing the bones in Georgia. Several large mu-

splits into even thin plates and in Georgia tries. Georgia is the leading producer. Va- seums have become interested in the dis-

is composed of many different minerals. A riations in the hardness give individual covery. Similar finds made a century ago

green slate is quarried at Fairmount for clays certain properties which make them in the same generar area have received

roofing material, both as splitting slate and especially desirable for specific uses.

world wide attention. A full report of these

as granules for the manufacture of compo- (9C) Shale is a consolidated sedimen- excavations will be forthcoming in a later

sition shingles. Slates of a different color tary clay with well-marked laminations issue of the Review.

occur within the Valley Area and have been parallel to the bedding. It may be the first

quarried in Polk county for roofing slate. (20R) Trap rock or dolerite is the only
known rock of Triassic Age in Georgia. It

step of the process of alteration or metamorphism of clay into a slate. It is mined in northwest Georgia for use in the manufac-

The Georgia Mineral Society enjoyed on June 29th a very successful trip to Graves Mountain in Lincoln county. Ten members

occurs in numerous dikes cutting the crystalline rocks in a northwesterly direction. It is composed of the minerals feldspar, olivine and pyroxene. At Talbotton it was

ture of brick, tile and sewer pipe. The Division of Geology plans to add a
series of fossil specimens to the school museums at sometime in the future. A number

made the trip and recovered specimens of pyrophyllite, rutile, lazulite, kyanite, limonite, and quartzite. A trip to Cherokee county to visit numerous different mineral de-

I formerly quarried for a road material.
(21R) Tripoli is a porous silica stone re-
suiting from the breaking down of chert. It

of fossils of Mississippian Age are found near Gore, Ga. Cup coral, blastoid heads, crinoid stems, brachiopods have been found

posits is meeting.

planned

in

lieu

of

the

Awgust

l is used as a polishing agent and a foundry there. Many other fossils of tertiary and

facing. It is mined in Walker and Chat- quaternary ages have been found in the Numerous requests from mineral collec-

tooga counties.

Coastal Plain.

tors of other states for exchange of speci-

I Clay and .Earthly Aggregates . j S~vera~ schools have _requeste~ plans or

(lC) Bentonite is clay formed from the

aalntereaxttiroe~moeflyvoplclaasnt.iicc

speCificatiOns for a cabmet to mineral and r?ck specimens to

display the be furnish-

mens are being referred to the Georgia Mineral Society. Any person interested in such exchanges is urged to get in touch

ash. They are used as bleachmg clays m i ed them by this department. In order to be with the Division of Geology.